pbs office of the chief architect presents virtual design ... · • perspective of a pedestrian...

PBS Office of the Chief Architect Presents

Virtual Design and Construction &Building Information Modeling Technology

Presented By (in the order of appearance):

Thomas GravesProject Systems Manager GSA PBS Office of the Chief Architect

Charles Matta, FAIA Acting Director, Center for Federal Buildings and Modernization GSA PBS Office of the Chief Architect

Calvin Kam Visiting Fellow, GSA PBS Office of the Chief Architect Ph.D. Candidate, Stanford University CIFE

Martin Fischer, Ph.D. Director, Stanford University CIFE Associate Professor, CEE Department, Stanford University

© Copyright 2005. All Rights Reserved.

Presentation by Tom Graves

GSA’s Project Portfolio— 206 Active Major Projects, $12.1 Billion


GSA’s Industry Partners— Over 500 Business Partners


GSA’s Approach to BIM

Desired Outcome:

• Maintain and Advance Design Excellence

• Short Term—Projects On Time and Within Budget

• Long Term—Project Life-Cycle Knowledge Transfer

Initiatives:

• Expand National Leadership Role

• Business Process Change

• Leverage New Technology (BIM and IFC’s)

• Engage Other Owners


GSA’s Approach to BIM

Industry Associations/Partners:

• IAI/NIBS, CIFE/Stanford, CURT, FFC

• AIA, AISC, AGC, CADD/GIS, FIATECH, OSCRE, etc.

Major Activities:

• Office of the Chief Architect’s Pilot Program

• Model Checking—Design Concepts Guidance

• Applied Science/CAVE

• Market Survey and Industry Exchange


GSA Public Buildings Service and CURT— The Construction Users Roundtable

• 43 owner members, “The Owner’s Voice to the Construction Industry”

• Improving the way construction is planned, managed, accounted for, regulated and executed

• Changing and improving what owners permit, require and accept responsibility for


CURT White Paper (August 2004) — Recommendations

• Owner-led collaborative project teams

• Integrated project structure

• Open, timely, and reliable information sharing

• Building Information Modeling (BIM)


Process Change Enabled by New Technology

Level of Influence Curve—Paulson (1976)

Shifting Design Effort—CURT (2004)

Presentation by Charles Matta/Calvin Kam

The OCA Pilot Program

• development of 3D-4D models, schedule optimization, cost analysis, animation, and presentations on selected projects

• neutral review and recommendation on technology proposals by AE’s, CM’s, technology consultants, and software vendors

• on-site presentations to regional associates and project teams

• management and coordination with technology consultants

• feedback to project teams pertaining to findings of conflict and coordination issues


Defining the value proposition from the owner’s perspective

From the owner’s point of view, proper application of the technology improves:

• as-built documentation

• design visualization

• space report and program reconciliation

• design coordination

• communicate tenant/construction sequencing

• lighting study & energy simulation

• traffic/crowd egress simulation

• risk, facility management


9 pilot projects to date on large-scale ongoing projects across the nation

Nine BIM pilots to date on different project types, across different project phases:

1. 26 Federal Plaza, New York, NY 2. Office Building, Houston, TX 3. U.S. Courthouse, El Paso, TX 4. 300 NLA Federal Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 5. Eisenhower Exec. Office Bldg, Washington, DC 6. GSA Regional Office Building, Washington, DC 7. GSA Central Office Building, Washington, DC 8. Border Station Prototype, U.S.-Canada Border 9. U.S. Courthouse, Portland, OR

26 Federal Plaza, New York, NY

— Spatial study led to major savings with project planning and HVAC ductwork design & distribution

• an addition to a federal office tower in Manhattan, NY

• as-built 3D model based on laser scanning data at ¼” accuracy was compared against the design 3D model based on the the architectural, structural, and MEP design

• a major error of structural wall location was discovered; laser scan gave a true interstitial dimension that translated to a major saving

Laser Scanning Courtesy of Optira

Office Building, Houston, TX

— Design intent omissions uncovered and coordinated before construction bidding

• a new office building with innovative façade system

• building information modeling enabled early detection of design errors and omissions pertaining to the façade system

• the designer team was able to incorporate the findings, correct the drawings, and avoided costly change orders and RFI’s that would impact the project schedule

U.S. Courthouse, El Paso, TX

— Automated 3D-based design review, conflicts detection, and resolution

• IFC data exchange with spatial information enables model checker to assess whether the design meets the GSA program

• informative quantitative data about building efficiency, fenestration ratio, volume ratio, rentable area, etc. according to GSA design guideline and the ANSI-BOMA standard can be obtained and automated with the BIM

300 NLA Federal Bldg, Los Angeles, CA

— Model-based tenant phasing enables schedule reduction and improved cost predictability

• a fully occupied federal building will go through a 16-phase seismic upgrade and modernization

• data integration, 4D-modeling, and the Decision Dashboard enable the team to reduce overall schedule by 19% while uncovering major errors in cost assumptions

• 4D-modeling provides an effective means for communication with the tenant agencies

Eisenhower Executive Off Bldg, Wash D.C.

— A balance between security requirements and historical preservations

• a BIM and a Quicktime movie were constructed based on fabricator’s shop drawings, at 1/48” accuracy

• daylight and shadow were cast based on city’s longitude, latitude

• perspective of a pedestrian was simulated based on elevation and site dimensions

GSA Regional Off Bldg, Wash D.C.

— Integration of spatial, organization, schedule, and cost information; simulate alternatives

• tenant phasing in a 2-phase modernization project

• information discrepancy was uncovered pertaining to existing tenant locations and sizes

• 4D models and the Decision Dashboard communicate the phasing plans and their cost/time implications across different alternatives

GSA Central Off Bldg, Wash D.C.

— Energy analysis and computational fluid dynamic simulation of an existing office building

• BIM and IFC enabled direct model exchange with an energy consultant for a simulation of the thermal condition and energy usage of an existing facility

• thermal zones, construction materials, insulation types, and window properties are analyzed by a DOE-2 based program, which simulated energy consumption based on the occupancy activities across a typical work day.

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Space: 089 NC1st_

Courtesy of Olof Granlund Oy

Border Station Prototype, US-Canada Border

— BIM-based design in support of project planning and alternative analysis

• site orientation, vehicular flow, structural alternatives, material choices, and construction means and methods were studied during the early programming phase

• visual animation, orientation trade-off, and pre-fabrication studies were carried out with the building information model

U.S. Courthouse, Portland, OR

— Improving the means of communications with the public, tenants, and bidding contractors

• a historical landmark undergoes a seismic upgrade with the installation of base isolators

• 4D modeling integrates design intent, structural engineers’ specifications, and a construction schedule into a single model

• the model and the animation fostered GSA’s communications with the public, tenants, and GC bidders


Benefits of the Pilot Program

The pilots have assisted the project team to:

• uncover error in as-built documents [e.g., 26 Federal Plaza in Manhattan, NY]

• visualize [e.g., base isolation, historic window]

• compare and communicate alternate scenarios

• coordinate [e.g., innovative system]

• simulate [e.g., energy performance]

• analyze building program and automatically compute efficiency ratios using model checker

• optimize [e.g., project schedule in R9]


“To BIM or Not to BIM”—from a PM’s perspective

1. What aspect(s) of 3D-based technology would make the most impact?

2. What are the cost and risks associated with your unique project setting (team, contract, clients, requirements, schedule, etc.)? Does the potential value worth the cost/risks?


Impacts and Outlook of the Pilot Program

Impacts:

• On sharing of experience with other federal agencies

• On the industry, culture, and processes

• On the attitude towards open standard

• On the importance of establishing an owner’s BIM and its requirements.

Outlook:

• OCA is further expanding its BIM-based pilot program

• adding BIM clauses in its facility and CADD standards

• engaging its regions, design consultants, contractors, and technology partners in the adoption of BIM-related technologies

Design-Construction Practice Goals

>= 50% of supply and sales

SomeGlobalization

Life-cycle cost 25% PoorSustainability

BetterGoodSafety

Very small varianceGreat++ productivity

Large VarianceGood?Productivity impact?

Function

Variance 1-5%Variance 5-30%Cost

1 y Design< .5 y ConstructVariance 1-5%

1-6 y Design~1.5 y ConstructVariance 5-100%

Schedule

Goal: 2015Practice: 2005

Amazing Accomplishments in Industry

• Product (building, scope) improvements– Usable square footage increased by 20% for same building footprint – Selection of mechanical systems based on comfort of facility users

and life cycle performance– CM/DM firm: Detailed design cost reduced by 75%, overall project

duration reduced by 55%, while increasing quality for a renovation project

– No field interference for complex steel structures

• Organization improvements– 4x stakeholder involvement in early project phases– Enabling real design/build

• Process improvements– 2x onsite labor productivity for heavy civil project with 100%

schedule reliability– Change orders reduced by 50%– Field-generated RFIs reduced by 60%– Structural steel optimized for field erection considering field welds

and bolts on every project

C t i t

Early User Input through Visualization

Test your mechanical system before you buy it

displacement cooling mixed cooling

Virtual building model enabled CFD simulation, which provided the decision basis to select the – initially -more expensive displacement cooling system because of its better life cycle performance.

Snapshots courtesy of Granlund, Helsinki, Finland

PB: Subway Project

Source: http://www.mta.nyc.ny.us/capconstr/fstc/planned.htm

Large-scale implementation of 3D/4D modeling through CIFE Visiting Fellow Program

4D Model of A, B, C Line Reconstruction Method

Design, manufacture, assemble: The building is at once both virtual and actual

Pictures courtesy of Strategic Project Solutions, San Francisco, CA

Extreme Collaboration

Photograph courtesy of NASA/JPL/Caltech The CIFE iRoom

• Collaborative Engineering Project with– Collocated Organization– Advanced Technical Infrastructure– Formal Goal Metrics– Informal Process and Culture– Closed Knowledge Network

How will you work in 2015?

PBS Office of the Chief Architect Presents

Virtual Design and Construction &Building Information Modeling Technology

Presented By (in the order of appearance):

Thomas Graves [[email protected]]

Charles Matta, FAIA [[email protected]]

Calvin Kam [[email protected]]

Martin Fischer, Ph.D. [[email protected]]

© Copyright 2005. All Rights Reserved.

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