Chemical RocketLab Report

Kanin Jaroensattayatham 5861045

Natthawit Kittipatra 5861076

Nitit kaveevorasart 5861080

Salisa Simaroj 5861136

Kochakorn Thangsombat 5861307

Section 11-01

General Chemistry

Mahidol University International Demonstration School

Lecture Instructor: Ms. Sorasaree Tonsiengsom

A B S T R A C T

O B J E C T I V E

I N T R O D U C T I O N

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S U G G E S T I O N 2 4

C A L C U L A T I O N2 3

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M A T E R - I A L S

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M E T H O D

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R E S U L T

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C O N C L U - S I O N

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R E F E R E - N C E

D I S C U S S I O N

CONTENTST A B L E O F

In the experiment, an accurate that the rocket can accomplish is about 2 out of

5 which is 40 percent accuracy. The problem of this experiment is about the rocket launcher that not strong enough

and make the error in launching. Moreover, the most influence factor of

the flying performance is the wind force of each day.

Abstract

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Objective

The purposes of this experiment are to

learn to calculate the ratio of the amount of reactants due to the

distance of the targetand learn to invent

things, solve problems during the experiment, and to be able to work

in a group.

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Introduction

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One of the popular rocket that you may have seen dispatch is the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA's) Space Shuttle, appeared in

Figure 1 underneath. The Space Shuttle did operational flights for a long time, from 1981 to 2011. It had three main

parts: the orbiter (a winged "space-plane" which held the space travelers and

various types of payload), the expansive, dim orange-shaded outer fuel tank, and

two strong rocket promoters. At dispatch, the two strong rocket

promoters, alongside the orbiter's three principle motors, would control the liftoff.

Figure 1: Rocket machines on spacecrafts, similarly NASA's Space Shuttle (shown here), using the chemical reaction in order to launch the spacecraft also known as combustion. According to this picture, on the right,

you can see the Space Shuttle and its three other main parts consist of: orbiter (the white winged plane in the

middle), the large external fuel tank (behind the orbiter), and two solid rocket boosters (also behind the

orbiter, on the left and right sides).

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To mix the ammunition and oxidizer together perfectly is really difficult. However, in this project, you will play a role as a rocket

scientist, but instead of using rocket ammunition and oxidizers, you will use baking soda and vinegar which if we mix baking soda and vinegar unitedly it will create a chemical reaction that can drive a

small-scale rocket. From acid and base in chemistry class, the reaction produces water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is the

chemical that causes the soda becomes fizzy and bubbly. So this is the reason why can you observe lots of bubbles when you mix baking soda and vinegar unitedly. We then combine vinegar and baking soda

into "Crystal Water Bottle," then take advantage of the pressure made by carbon dioxide gas in the "Est Water Bottle" which will drive our "Crystal Water Bottle" spacecraft. When the pressure (or force being used against the inside of the Est Water Bottle by carbon

dioxide gas) is high enough, the "Crystal Water Bottle" lid will jump out then the rocket will launch.

During combustion, new mixes are made, and these are called the exhaust. Meanwhile, an enormous amount of heat is produced caused

by combustion. Combustion is an exothermic reaction which it produces energy, in the form of heat or light. Conjointly, combustion

in the spacecraft's rockets produces great amounts of exhaust gas at high temperatures and pressure. The pressurized hot gases are

driven out of the bottom of the rocket. Thus, the spacecraft is pushed up. This is an excellent example for Newton Third Laws of Motion,

 every action; there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Materials

After we did the experiment, we found out thematerials that we really need for our project which are listed below including 3 main parts

which are rocket, launcher, and fuel.

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Rocket Part

We used empty drinking water bottles the size of  1.5 liters or 50.72 ounces

for the body of the rocket.

Bottle

WoodThere are three pieces of thin wooden plate that were cut cut equally in triangle shape as the picture shown below.

These wooden pieces serve as the wings to provide

aerodynamic and balance to the rocket.

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Paper

The plastic sheet is used to cover the wood and paper parts of the rocket and the launcher to prevent from them from

getting wet and soft.

We used the paper to cover the bottle and make it

prepared to be painted and decorated with the colors.

Plastic Sheet

Like the other part, the colors we used are based on the design that we planned for

before and we used this kind of color to make sure that it will not fade or vanish when contacted with liquid during

the experiment.

Color Spray

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Tape and GlueIn order to join thing together properly, we choose whether tape or glue is more suitable

for each of the materials used. Even which types of glue

or tape also needs to be considered.

We used the cap to cover the end of the rocket after baking soda was applied and waiting to be

launched on the launcher. We had to make sure that the cap was

not too tight so that it can come out on its own after the chemical

reaction inside the rocket.

Rubber Cap

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Launcher Part

We need two big wooden plates, one to be the base on the ground and one with the

hinge. This also includes another middle size one as a stopper as well as the other

two smaller pieces to block the rocket to be in its  position.

Wood

We used the sheet to prevent the wood to be too wet and

become soft. This also helps with the cushion and decoration.

Rubber Cork

Sheet

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Launcher Part

The hinge is used to make the launcher adjustable with the angle to produce an accurate position of the rocket when

falling onto the target.

Hinge

Like the glue and tape, we used these tools to join and fix the parts of the launcher

together especially at the hinge that should be fixed to

the base to prevent the mistakes about the angle of

launching.

Screw and

Screwdriver

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Fuel Part

We use this a material to create fuel when mixed

with the other substance which is vinegar

Baking Soda

We use this as a chemical substance to mix with baking

soda

Vinegar

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CO  2

We used the thin tissue paper as cartridge which will contain a certain amount of baking soda to be placed inside the body of rocket half filled

with vinegar before closing the rubber cap. This is for extending the reaction time to be a little bit slower

for us to place the rocket in its position on the launcher.

Tissue Paper

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When these two

substances are

mixed together,

the acid-base

reaction will

occur. It will

produce carbon

dioxide which

make the rocket

launch.

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Methods

The methods is divided into 4 parts which are

Rocket Part

Launcher Part

Fuel Part

Launcher Process

Rocket Part

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First of all, we cut the wood to a small piece for our wings. Next, build a cone by using a paper.

Then combine a cone and wood with water bottle by using glue gun, and duct tape. Finally, we use the plastic to cover the rocket in order

to protect the rocket from the chemical.

Launcher Part

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Firstly, cut the wood into a 2 big rectangle and 1 small rectangular. Then, attatch 2 big

rectangular by using nails and hinges. Next attach the small rectangular into the launcher plates. Finally, cover the small rectangle with

the plastic bag.

Fuel Part

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Weight the baking soda, and vinegar. Poor baking soda into the bottle, and

alson packing the baking

soda into the tissue.

Launching Process

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Stick the pack of baking soda with the cork. Then put it into the rocket as tight as you can.

Flip the rocket and quickly put it on the launcher. Runaway from the rocket. Record the data.

RESULT

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Discussion 

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This the equation of the chemical reaction in this experiment

NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(l) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) +

CH3COONa-(aq)

In this reaction, the best reactant is 25.98 gram of sodium

bicarbonate(baking soda) and 300 ml of acetic

acid(vinegar). The reaction between vinegar and baking

soda forms three products which are carbon dioxide(CO2),

water(H2O), sodium(Na), and sodium acetate( CH3COONa-).

As the gas form in the chemical reaction,We can use that

advantage to create a gas fuel for the rocket by closing the

rocket with rubber cap. When you close the bottle with the

rubber cap, you prevent the CO2 from immediately escaping

the bottle. This causes a rapid increase of pressure inside

the bottle. The pressure eventually gets to the point that the

rubber stopper can no longer contain the gases and make

the explosion which will push the rocket forward.

The fuel that used in the experiment will has a same ratio of

reactant. In another hand we will use a different amount of

reactant each trial to see that which amount is the most

accurate. The problem of this experiment is the launcher is

not strong enough to keep the angle accurate. Moreover, the

wind of each day is not stable. This issues can be fixed by

improve our launcher and choose a time that wind is the

most stable.

Discussion 

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Vinegar(300ml)[CH3COOH] 1 mol of CH3COOH = 12 + 3 + 12+(16x2) + 1 = 60 gram =

molecular weight *vinegar has 5 percent of acetic acid

100 ml of vinegar = 5g of CH3COOH = 0.083 mole 300 ml of vinegar = (300x5)/100 =15 g of CH3COOH

60 g of acetic acid = 1 mole of CH3COOH 15 g of acetic acid = 0.25 mole of CH3COOH

Baking soda(25.98g)[NaHCO3] 1 mol of NaHCO3 = 23 +1+12+(16x3) =n 84 grams

25.98 gram = 25.98/84 = 0.3 mole of NaHCO3

Reagent 1 mole of CH3COOH = 1 mole of CO2

0.25 mole of CH3COOH = 0.25 mole of CO2

1 mole of NaHCO3 = 1 mole of CO2 0.3 mole of NaHCO3 = 0.3 mole of CO2

Therefore the limiting reagent is vinegar and excess reagent is baking soda.

We found out that the best ratio that we

used is putting 350 mL of vinegar with

30 grams of Baking soda. But, it goes a

bit too far from the rocket. So, we still

use the same ratio but in the less

amount. We slowly lower the amount of

the reactants until we find the best

combination for our group which we use

300 mL of vinegar with 26 grams. We

got this number from doing just a simple

math which is shown below :

350 mL of Vinegar 30 g. Of Baking soda

300 mL of Vinegar (300*30) ÷ 350 =

25.71 which is around 26 grams.

Calculation

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Conclusion

The power of the combination

of baking soda and vinegar

pushes the rocket towards the

target. The distance that is

covered depends on the

amount of reactants which is

calculated in ratio. Finally, wind

is the important factor that

involves in this project.

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We found out that the best ratio that we

used is putting 350 mL of vinegar with

30 grams of Baking soda. But, it goes a

bit too far from the rocket. So, we still

use the same ratio but in the less

amount. We slowly lower the amount of

the reactants until we find the best

combination for our group which we use

300 mL of vinegar with 26 grams. We

got this number from doing just a simple

math which is shown below :

350 mL of Vinegar 30 g. Of Baking soda

300 mL of Vinegar (300*30) ÷ 350 =

25.71 which is around 26 grams.

Calculation

The fuel that used in the experiment will have a same ratio of reactant. In another hand, we will use the different amount of reactant each trial to see that which one is the most suitable. Moreover, our launcher will changes the position depends on the

weather on that day. 

Suggestion

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Reference

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Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Chemistry Expert. (2017, February 09). Equation for the Baking Soda and Vinegar Reaction. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalreactions/f/What-Is- The-Equation-For-The-Reaction-Between-Baking-Soda- And-Vinegar.htm

Determining the Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar by Direct Titration. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ausetute.com.au/

Perry, B. (2016).We’ve Got (Rocket) Chemistry. Retrieved from http://www.ausetute.com.au/