pcc aggregates in louisiana aggregates in louisiana.pdf · relative density astm c 127 (aashto t...
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PCC Aggregates in Louisiana
Sadí Torres P.E.
Concrete Research Engineer
Louisiana Transportation Research Center
2007 Louisiana Transportation Engineering Conference
February 13, 2007
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Concrete Aggregates
• 60 - 75% of concrete volume
• Affect plastic concrete properties
– Water demand
– Workability
• Affect hardened concrete properties
– Thermal properties
– Durability
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Concrete Aggregates
• Most common aggregates
– Sand
– Gravel
– Crushed Stone
• Produce normal weight concrete
– 140 to 150 lbs/ft3
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Concrete Aggregates
• Must conform to standards
– AASHTO
– ASTM
– DOTD
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Aggregate Characteristics
Characteristic Test
Abrasion Resistance ASTM C 131 (AASHTO T 96),
ASTM C 535, ASTM C 779
Freeze-Thaw Resistance ASTM C 666 (AASHTO T 161),
ASTM C 682, AASHTO T 103
Sulfate Resistance ASTM C 88 (AASHTO T 104)
Particle Shape and Surface Texture ASTM C 295, ASTM D 3398
Fine Agg. Degradation ASTM C 1137
Void Content ASTM C 1252 (AASHTO T 304)
Bulk Density ASTM C 29 (AASHTO T 19)
Grading ASTM C 117 (AASHTO T 11),
ASTM C 136 (AASHTO T 27)
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Aggregate Characteristics
Characteristic Test
Relative Density ASTM C 127 (AASHTO T 85)—fine aggregate
ASTM C 128 (AASHTO T 84)—coarse aggregate
Absorption and
Surface Moisture
ASTM C 70, ASTM C 127 (AASHTO T 85), ASTM C 128
(AASHTO T 84), ASTM C 566 (AASHTO T 255)
Strength ASTM C 39 (AASHTO T 22), ASTM C 78 (AASHTO T 97)
Def. of Constituents ASTM C 125, ASTM C 294
Aggregate
Constituents
ASTM C 40 (AASHTO T 21), ASTM C 87 (AASHTO T 71),
ASTM C 117 (AASHTO T 11), ASTM C 123 (AASHTO T
113), ASTM C 142 (AASHTO T 112), ASTM C 295
Alkali Resistance ASTM C 227, ASTM C 289, ASTM C 295, ASTM C 342,
ASTM C 586, ASTM C 1260 (AASHTO T 303), ASTM C
1293
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Aggregate Characteristics
Property Test Method
Deleterious Materials DOTD TR 119
Unit Weight AASHTO T 19
Specific Gravity & Absorption of FA AASHTO T 84
Specific Gravity & Absorption of CA AASHTO T 85
Polish Value AASHTO T 278 and T 279
Amount of Material Finer than No. 200 Sieve DOTD TR 112
Sieve Analysis DOTD TR 113
Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index DOTD TR 428
2006 Standard Specifications Section 1003.01
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Aggregate Gradation
• Particle size distribution
• Determined by sieve analysis
– ASTM C117 / C136
– AASHTO T11/T27
– DOTD TR 113
• Requirements for PCC aggregates
– 2006 Standard Specs Section 1003.02
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Past Experiences
• Plastic concrete issues
– Excess ―fatty‖ mortar
– Segregation
• Durability problems
– Weak surface
– Pavement surface wearing out too quick
– Failing joint edges
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Cause of Problem
• Gap graded mixtures
– No intermediate size aggregates
• Natural sands
– Excessive No. 50 material
– No intermediate sizes
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LA Sands
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
3/8 No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 No. 30 No. 50 No.100
No.200
Pan
Sieve Size
Pe
rcen
t R
eta
ine
d
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Typical PCCP Mix
0
5
10
15
20
25
2 1/
2 21
1/2 1
3/4
1/2
3/8 #4 #8 #1
6#3
0#5
0
#100
#200
Pan
Sieve Size
Pe
rcen
t R
eta
ined
60% #57 Limestone 40% Natural Sand
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Solution
• More uniform pavement mixtures
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Optimized PCCP Mix
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2 1/
2 21
1/2 1
3/4
1/2
3/8 #4 #8 #1
6#3
0#5
0
#100
#200
Pan
Sieve Size
Perc
en
t R
eta
ined
45% #57 Limestone 15% Natural Sand 40% Int. Aggregate
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Sieve SizePavement Type
Type B Type D
2 1/2 in. 0 0
2 in. 0 0 – 20
1 1/2 in. 0 – 20 0 – 20
1 in. 0 – 20 5 – 20
3/4 in. 5 – 20 5 – 20
1/2 in. 5 – 20 5 – 20
3/8 in. 5 – 20 5 – 20
No. 4 5 – 20 5 – 20
No. 8 5 – 20 5 – 20
No. 16 5 – 20 5 – 20
No. 30 5 – 20 5 – 20
No. 50 0 – 20 0 – 20
No. 100 0 – 20 0 – 20
No. 200 0 – 5 0 – 5
Table 1003-1A Percent Retained of Total Combined Aggregates
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Type B PCCP Mix
0
5
10
15
20
25
2 1/
2 21
1/2 1
3/4
1/2
3/8 #4 #8 #1
6#3
0#5
0
#100
#200
Pan
Sieve Size
Perc
en
t R
eta
ined
45% #57 Limestone 15% Natural Sand 40% Int. Aggregate
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Benefits
• Improved workability
• Improved durability
• Improved warping and curling resistance
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Tools
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Thank you