pc&l: production control and logistics
TRANSCRIPT
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© Lean & Mean Consulting. All rights reserved. 2015 © Lean & Mean Consulting. All rights reserved. 2016
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Production Control & Logistics
Automotive Standards & Best Practices
Material Flow Management & Organization / Production Planning Strategy (PC&L)
World-Class Standards & Best Practices of Operational Excellence
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Training Objectives
Understand the function and philosophy of the PC&L
Learn how to anticipate variability in demand and ensure high responsiveness to any changes in schedules
Learn why leveling production is needed to optimize utilization of the resources
Get familiar with key elements of the production control: S&OP and MPS
Learn the standards and best practices of the material flow organization
Learn the principles of leveling supplies and optimizing logistic organization
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1. Introduction to PC&L 2. Customer Relationships & Production Leveling Production Levelling
Sequencer & Withdrawal Plan
Master Production Schedule (MPS)
The Sales & Operation Plan (SOP
3. Internal Flow Management Reception Area
Flat Storages & Overflow Stock Management
Line Supply with Small Train
Flow Racks
Withdrawals, Shipment Preparation & Pool Stock
Handling Operation Standardization
4. Supply Leveling & Logistics Optimization Supply Leveling
Stabilize the suppliers
Increase the deliveries frequency
Use of small containers
Agenda
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1. Withdrawal organized by the customer
2. Stocks are located by the supplier site
3. Frequent delivery with mix of references
4. Standardize processes in the logistics
5. „Leveling” of customer needs at medium and long term
Understand the PC&L function 5 main PC&L principles
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Leveling of Production
Leveling of Supplies
Control the Lead-Time
The Leveling
Objective: Constant level of production, and NOT constant level of stocks!
Sto
ck
RM
& B
OP
Filte
r:
FG
sh
op
-sto
ck +
po
ol-
sto
ck
Our plant
Supplier Customer
Leveled production
Leveled orders High demand variability
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Major components of Lead Time that generate stocks:
1. Overproduction
2. Lack of flexibility
3. Lack of reliability
4. Poor organization of the Production and the PC&L
5. Quality Problems
6. Irregular Withdrawals and Deliveries
Exceptional risks
Which ones?
Understand PC&L function
Reduction of the Lead Time
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Reduction of the Lead Time (1) Overproduction
1 – Production over needed demand
Gap between production and customer needs
Unstable production rhythm
= NO respecting the rules of
TAKT-TIME
Pull System + Production Leveling
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Material Flow Management & Organization / Production Planning Strategy (PC&L)
Module. 04
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Simulation game
The Batch Size / Withdrawal Frequency Stage 1. • You produce three products: yellow triangles, green circles and blue squares • Production batch size for the first stage is 4 • You have three options for delivery / withdrawals frequency:
• 1 / day • 2 / day • 4 / day
Task: • Calculate the maximum stock before loading any truck (how many pieces in
total). • Fill in just the grey fields only. Note: • Truck load reflects customer order and must be respected. • Trucks come to pick up parts in due times (at 9.00, 12.00, 15.00 and 18.00) • Depending on batch size and withdrawal frequency, you may need to have some
stock available before production begins (safety stock)
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Simulation – S1 The batch size / Withdrawal frequency
Max stock before loading
Stock needed at the
beginning of the day
Stock before
loading
4 deliveries / day
Stock before
loading
2 deliveries / day
1 delivery / day
Stock before
loading
Batch size : 4
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Production Control & Logistic (PC&L) Customer Relationship & Production Leveling
GROSSDOCK
Customer Relationship &
Production Leveling
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Production leveling
The principles to stabilize the Production (1)
Sequencer
A
stabile TT
TT
Customer
TPA
Constraints! Variability departure time due to potential issues related to: - Customer - Forwarder
6h 8h 10h 12h 14h
C1 C2 C3
Truck Schedule
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Production leveling The principles to stabilize the Production (2)
A Customer
We need a
stabile Takt-
Time
Sequencer
The demand mix and
quantities fluctuate!
Constraints!
To absorb
Variations of
Qties/ref Pool stock
TPA
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Shares the workload over the day / shift
Generates frequent withdrawal from Shop-stock & brings the customer demand information to the production lines (Takt Time transmission)
Organizes truck preparation area ( TPA )
Manages the flows to and from Pool Stock
Initiates Indirect Labor Standardization (handling)
The Sequencer A mean to express a mixed and leveled Customer Demand
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The Master Production Schedule: MPS Customer Demand Treatment & Leveling
C C C C C
B B B B B
W1
A A A A A
W5 W4 W3 W2
M
c c c c c
B B B B B
A A A A A
T W T F
ZOOM
Decided Production
A A
A A
A
B
B B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
W1 W2 W3 W5 W4
Customer demand
leveling
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Decide the Production (Part N° & Quantities) for the ongoing week.
Satisfy 4 Constraints (sorted according priority):
Achievable
Answer the Customer Order
Respect the SOP
Leveling the production activity
Maintain constant production level with FG stocks fluctuating between „min-max” levels.
The Master Production Schedule: MPS Objectives
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Which time horizon?
The horizon should be longer than longest lead-time of one of the critical resources. For instance:
Human Resources: recruitment time, necessary training, etc.
Space for production: time for construction or extension, adaptation, equipment, etc.
Machines: time for capital availability (CAPEX), delivery lead-time, assembly, run & rate, testing, validation
Raw materials: suppliers capacity, flexibility, delivery lead-time, etc.
Benchmark: 12/18 months (min. 6 months)
What is S&OP?
S&OP - Sales & Operations Plan is a cross-functional business plan that involves sales
and operations:
Sales represent Demand Operations represent Supply
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Sales & Operations Planning
What are the inputs and outputs of the S&OP process?
From Market: •Marketing Forecast •Customer Forecast
From Exterior: •Suppliers Capacity
From Operations: •New Product Launches •Plant Capacity •Human Resources Capacity •Previous S&OP •Initial Inventory Level
From Finance: •Financial Targets •Budget
To Customer
•Shipment plan To Exterior
•Procurement plan To Operations
•Operations plan •Load balance between sites •Inventories plan •Resources plan •Action plans
To Finance •Revenue plan •Budget (once a year)
STANDARD S&OP PROCESS • current month S&OP • compared to prior S&OP • compared to budget • goal : 95% for each section, every month • one set of figures
„input”
„output”
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To anticipate & to adapt: medium term vision & plant steering Vision of volumes over 6 months (or longer) by product family
To define the level of production (by family) Customers Consumption (volumes, start-up & end of production) Capacity Equipment
To define the plant’s organization at medium term Define the working calendar according to customer calendar ( working days in a
month) Plans for repairing, renovation and necessary technical downtime - maintenance
(TPM) Identify the necessary human resources (number of operators + staff (indirect)) The supply of critical resources (raw materials and materials, but also the demand
on the media) and to take into account the constraints and their Lead-Time
Sales & Operations Plan: SOP
Objectives
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Production Control & Logistic (PC&L) Material Flow Organization
CROSS-DOCK
Internal Flow
Management
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Agenda:
Internal Flows: General Organization of the Layout
Reception Area
Flat Storages & Overflow Stock Management
Line Supply with Small Train
Flow Racks
Withdrawals, Shipment Preparation & Pool Stock
Handling Operation Standardization
Production Control & Logistics
Internal Flow Management
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Material Flow Organization
Lay-out & Flow
Emp
ty p
acka
gin
g
Sequencer
TPA
zo
nes
Sho
p-s
tock
N°1
N°2
N°3
Heavy equipment
truck 1
truck 2
truck …
queue
Lin
e A
Lin
e B
Lin
e C
Lin
e D
Frontal feeding by small train
Oft
en
an
d r
egu
lar
pic
kin
g
Incoming zone
Supermarket
Shop-stock
Shop-stock
Pool-stock
Fin
ish
go
od
s fl
ow
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Reception area Flow & lay-out of the Flat Storage / Supermarket
Train for supply
Train 2
Emp
ty p
acka
gin
g
Dock 1 Dock 2 Empty packaging Empty packaging
Train of reception
Train 1
Incoming Inspection
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Supermarket Management (1) Supermarket Organization: dynamic racks supply
SUPERMARKET
SUPERMARKET
Pallets loaded on small train
Small train feeds the supermarket With small boxes
Overflow stock
Pallets that do not fit in the supermarket are stacked in the overflow stock
Reception area
Transport of Small boxes
Transport of pallets
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Line supply with small train (1) Small train Cycle
SUPERMARKET
SUPERMARKET
Small train feeding the line with
small boxes and evacuating
empty boxes
Freq.: 30 – 50’
The small train replenishes the
line thanks to withdrawal
Kanbans
The small train driver can decant
a few components from their
boxes if:
- There is time-gain
- No quality risks
The capacity of assembly
line flow racks is about
twice the small train cycle
time
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Optimize the standard work time:
Make the time measurements of the work elements (movements, handling).
Reduce movements. Eventually, line several loops together (ex: with removal of rubbish).
Use one train to supply several lines.
Loops organized by the logistics.
After a HOSHIN workshop the train activity must be reviewed and adjusted.
Line supply with small trains Characteristics
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Small train. Few examples
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Search for the best locations for components.
Reduce variability:
Reduce useless movements, blockages, catching, difficulties.
Optimize the supply of components (distance, sliding in the flow racks).
Optimize the “flow rack” capacity according the cycle of small train.
Progress step by step & optimize continuously
Flow Rack Application of Kaizen in line supply
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Flow racks - Benchmarking
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Withdrawals & Shipment Preparation (1) Withdrawal flow of FG & WIP
The withdrawal train takes the WK from the Sequencer to pick the containers out of the Shop Stock (Frequency to be decided on. In a Lean factory it takes between 15’ to 30’)
The forklift truck or small train brings the products into the TPA (Truck Preparation Area) or into the Pool Stock according to the WK. Decision is made by Logistics through placing the right WK in the Sequencer
Shop Stock Shop Stock Shop Stock
POOL STOCK
Sequencer
WK
WK WK
WK
TPA
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„A full for an empty”
No empty runs
No handling inside the production lines
Leveling of workload
Standardization allows the optimization (organization = cost)
Handling operation standardization Principles
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Training Modules of PC&L
GROSSDOCK
Supplies Leveling & Logistics Optimization
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The Transport Scheme (TSc) defines:
The route (main route et sub route) followed by each carrier from Supplier to the factory
The assignment of the docks to the routs
The Transport Program (TP) defines: The delivery times The number of trucks The workload of the trucks drivers Firm 1 month, horizon 6 month
Supply Leveling Establish the Transport Scheme and the Transport Program
A B C
1-6-X Main route
The factory
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Manifest (pick-up sheets, loading list):
It is the truck packing list expressed by part Number in packaging units (PU).
It is as well the document to check-up loading & shipment. It is used to keep tracks off any shortage.
It is expression of a firm order
It is the proof of loading
It is the transport documentation (Delivery Note)
It is reception document (physical or computerized)
The manifest allows to control the BOP physical flow
Stabilize the Suppliers Manifest
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Check deliveries against manifest
Report shortage
Appraise suppliers MPM
Repot MPM towards Suppliers
Follow up action plan
Stabilize the Suppliers Deliveries Follow Up
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Increase the deliveries frequency Current situation for RM & BOP transportation
The Factory
Customer
A
B
C
D
E
1-1-X
1-1-X
5-3-X
5-2-X
5-3-X
1-3-X
CURRENT SITUATION Separated Flows, few deliveries: loss of synergies and of savings
Suppliers
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Project Management structure driven by PC&L with purchasing involvement
S&OP / MPS / SP / TP
Supply Leveling & Manifest Management
„E” (Ex-works)-group of incoterms transportation
Needs expressed in packaging units
12h access to supplier shipping area
Knowledge of the nationals laws
Increase the deliveries frequency Establishing a Milk Run: Requisite
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The aim is to supply the line work stations in small containers.
Purchasing negotiates, with support from the material planners, the transition to small containers.
Use reusable (returnable) containers.
HOWEVER, In some cases it is more reasonable to:
Repack. Only a small container may enter the supermarket.
Supply in disposable (one-time) containers. In this case, the supply to work stations without loss of time and waste removal must be guaranteed.
Use of small containers Principles
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Use of small containers (1) Recommendations
1. The box has at least one "standard" side measuring 200, 300 or 400mm (enable to standardize the width of supermarkets and flow racks)
2. The height and the other side (see 1st criteria) of the box, are designed to optimize the ratio "Number of Parts / Box Volume"
3. The surface of a standard pallet can be exactly filled with a set of boxes
4. One part number per box (left and right detached)
5. Full box weight does not exceed 12 kg (and meets Health & Safety criteria)
6. The box is stackable
7. The box is solid enough to do project life time rotations
8. The box has plain walls (recommended)
9. The box has a flat bottom
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