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  • 7/27/2019 PDF-6.5 Other Reactors and Generation IV Concepts

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    An Introduction to Nuclear

    Power Reactors

    L. R. Foulke

    Module 6.5

    Other Reactors andGeneration IV Concepts

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    Pressurized Water Reactor

    (Light Water Thermal Reactors)

    Image Source: See Note 1

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    STEAM CYCLE THERMAL EFFICIENCY Carnot / Theoretical Efficiency

    = ( Tin - Tout ) / Tin

    T = Temperature [ K or R ]

    Limitations

    Maximum Steam Temperature from Reactor

    Turbine Condenser Heat Sink

    Plant Efficiency - MWe / MWt

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    STEAM CYCLE

    WATER-REACTORS Typical outlet steam temperature [530F or ~1,000R]

    Carnot efficiency = (1000-530)/1000=0.47

    Actual efficiency < 0.34

    GAS-COOLED / LIQUID-METAL Modern Steam Conditions (Ft. St. Vrain steam outlet ~1,460R

    Carnot efficiency = (1460-530)/1460=0.64

    Actual Efficiency ~ 0.40

    HTGR - Direct Cycle / Process Heat

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    Pebble Bed

    Reactor

    Image Source: See Note 2Image Source: See Note 7

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    Pebble for Pebble Bed Reactor

    Image Source: See Note 8

    TRISO micro fuel

    Particle withdiameter ~0.6 mm

    Image Source: See Note 9

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    Your Instructor in China

    inspecting a Pebble

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    CANDU Reactor

    Image Source: See Note 3

  • 7/27/2019 PDF-6.5 Other Reactors and Generation IV Concepts

    9/20Nuclear Engineering Program

    LMFBR

    Image Source: See Note 3

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    Generations of Nuclear Energy

    Systems

    Image Source: See Note 4

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    Goals for Generation IV Nuclear

    Energy Systems Sustainability

    Economics Safety and Reliability

    Proliferation Resistance and Physical

    Protection

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  • 7/27/2019 PDF-6.5 Other Reactors and Generation IV Concepts

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    The 6 Gen IV Systems Sodium-cooled fast reactor

    Gas-cooled fast reactor

    Lead-cooled fast reactor

    Super-critical water reactor

    Molten salt reactor

    Very high-temperature reactor

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor

    Three loops

    Sodium coolant

    No moderator

    Fast Spectrum

    Breeder

    Image Source: See Note 5

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    Molten Salt Reactor

    Three loops

    Molten Salt Coolant

    (inc fuel) Graphite moderator

    Thermal Spectrum

    Converter

    Image Source: See Note 10

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    Very High Temperature Reactor

    Two Loops

    Helium CooledGraphite Moderator

    Thermal SpectrumConverter

    Image Source: See Note 11

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    Nuclear Engineering Program

    Small Modular Reactors

    Image Source: See Note 6

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    1. Public domain:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PressurizedWaterReactor.gif

    2. Public domain:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pebble_bed_reactor_scheme_%28English%29.svg

    3. Reprinted with permission from Nuclear EngineeringInternational UK. Source: World Nuclear Industry Handbook2013.

    4. Public domain:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GenIVRoadmap.jpg

    5. Public domain: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-Cooled_Fast_Reactor_Schemata.svg

    6. Reprinted with permission. 2013 Babcock & Wilcox Power,Inc.

    7. Reprinted with permission from TGV.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemp

    eraturreaktor.JPG,

    Image Source Notes

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PressurizedWaterReactor.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PressurizedWaterReactor.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pebble_bed_reactor_scheme_(English).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pebble_bed_reactor_scheme_(English).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GenIVRoadmap.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GenIVRoadmap.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-Cooled_Fast_Reactor_Schemata.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-Cooled_Fast_Reactor_Schemata.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-Cooled_Fast_Reactor_Schemata.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-Cooled_Fast_Reactor_Schemata.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GenIVRoadmap.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pebble_bed_reactor_scheme_(English).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pebble_bed_reactor_scheme_(English).svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PressurizedWaterReactor.gif

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    8. Creative CommonsAttribution-Share Alike 3.0Unported: Stefan Kuhn:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPG

    9. Public domain:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TRISO.gif10. Public domain:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Molten_Salt_Reactor.svg

    11. Public domain:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Very_High_Temperature_Reactor.svg

    Image Source Notes

    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TRISO.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Molten_Salt_Reactor.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Molten_Salt_Reactor.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Very_High_Temperature_Reactor.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Very_High_Temperature_Reactor.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Very_High_Temperature_Reactor.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Very_High_Temperature_Reactor.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Molten_Salt_Reactor.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Molten_Salt_Reactor.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TRISO.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graphitkugel_fuer_Hochtemperaturreaktor.JPGhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en

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