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What do you think of when you see these What do you think of when you see these images?images?

End of the Vietnam WarEnd of the Vietnam War

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Student ActivismStudent Activism

The Teach-in MovementThe Teach-in Movement —issues concerning the —issues concerning the war could be discussed, popular means of war could be discussed, popular means of expressing antiwar sentiment. expressing antiwar sentiment.

Continued ProtestsContinued Protests — Hundreds of — Hundreds of demonstrations continued at colleges around the demonstrations continued at colleges around the country. country.

Post-War ProsperityPost-War Prosperity — resulted in young — resulted in young Americans in the 1960s having many opportunities Americans in the 1960s having many opportunities unknown to previous generations; many also unknown to previous generations; many also questioned the values of their parents.questioned the values of their parents.

Resistance through musicResistance through music

For What it’s Worth-Buffalo SpringfieldFor What it’s Worth-Buffalo Springfield

War-Edwin StarrWar-Edwin Starr

Peace Train-Cat StevensPeace Train-Cat Stevens

I Feel Like I’m Fixin’ to Die Rag-Country I Feel Like I’m Fixin’ to Die Rag-Country Joe and the FishJoe and the Fish

Where Have All the Flowers Gone?-Pete Where Have All the Flowers Gone?-Pete SeegerSeeger

Draft ResistanceDraft Resistance

Selective Service Act of 1951-drafted young Selective Service Act of 1951-drafted young men between the ages of 18 and 26 into the men between the ages of 18 and 26 into the armed forces.armed forces.Conscientious objectorsConscientious objectors -people who opposed -people who opposed fighting on moral or religious fighting on moral or religious grounds.grounds.As the war progressed, the As the war progressed, the draft-resistance movement grewdraft-resistance movement grew many young men burnt their many young men burnt their

draft cards or fled to Canadadraft cards or fled to Canada

Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali

When Ali got his draft notice, he arrived When Ali got his draft notice, he arrived as instructed for the physical exam, and as instructed for the physical exam, and cooperated politely until it was time to cooperated politely until it was time to take the Army oath. He refused, saying, take the Army oath. He refused, saying, "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong". "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong". A month later an all-white jury found him guilty of draft A month later an all-white jury found him guilty of draft evasion, and Ali was imprisoned. evasion, and Ali was imprisoned. His boxing license was revoked, and he was stripped His boxing license was revoked, and he was stripped

of his world championship.of his world championship. Almost four years later, the U.S. Supreme Court Almost four years later, the U.S. Supreme Court

overturned his conviction, and decided that under the overturned his conviction, and decided that under the tenets of Islam Ali was a conscientious objector, not a tenets of Islam Ali was a conscientious objector, not a criminal.criminal.

Johnson Doesn’t RunJohnson Doesn’t Run

Continuing protests and an increasing number Continuing protests and an increasing number of casualties steadily decreased popular of casualties steadily decreased popular support for Johnson’s handling of the war.support for Johnson’s handling of the war.

After the Tet Offensive, Johnson rarely left the After the Tet Offensive, Johnson rarely left the White House for fear of angry protesters. White House for fear of angry protesters.

Election of 1968Election of 1968

The Democratic ConventionThe Democratic Convention-During the -During the convention, police attacked protestersconvention, police attacked protesters most took place in front of television cameras.most took place in front of television cameras.

Nixon WinsNixon Wins-Many Americans were -Many Americans were disillusioned by Johnson’s handling of the disillusioned by Johnson’s handling of the Vietnam War.Vietnam War. Looked for stability from Looked for stability from

RepublicansRepublicans

Nixon and VietnamNixon and Vietnam

Although Nixon wanted to end the war, he did Although Nixon wanted to end the war, he did not want to lose it. not want to lose it. launched secret bombing raids and expanded the launched secret bombing raids and expanded the

war to war to CambodiaCambodia

Nixon hoped his Cambodian attacks would help Nixon hoped his Cambodian attacks would help America in peace negotiations. America in peace negotiations. Instead, the attacks resulted in both Instead, the attacks resulted in both

civil war in Cambodia and more civil war in Cambodia and more

antiwar protests in the U.S.antiwar protests in the U.S.

Kent StateKent State

Student antiwar Student antiwar protests at protests at Kent StateKent State University in Ohio University in Ohio Nixon ordered the Nixon ordered the

National Guard to Kent National Guard to Kent State. State.

Students threw rocks Students threw rocks at the guardsmen, the at the guardsmen, the troops opened fire, troops opened fire, killing and wounding killing and wounding both protesters and both protesters and bystanders.bystanders.

Provisions of Peace-January 1973Provisions of Peace-January 1973

• The United States would withdraw all its forces from South Vietnam within 60 days.

• All prisoners of war would be released.

• All parties to the agreement would end military activities in Laos and Cambodia.

• The 17th parallel would continue to divide North and South Vietnam until the country could be reunited.

South Vietnam FallsSouth Vietnam Falls

After American forces had withdrawn, After American forces had withdrawn, North Vietnam attacked strategic cities in North Vietnam attacked strategic cities in South Vietnam, ending with its capital, South Vietnam, ending with its capital, Saigon.Saigon.

South Vietnam surrendered in April 1975, South Vietnam surrendered in April 1975, and and Vietnam became unified under a Vietnam became unified under a Communist governmentCommunist government..

TodayToday

Thousands of American Thousands of American soldiers who did not return soldiers who did not return home after the war were home after the war were listed as listed as POWsPOWs (prisoners of (prisoners of war) or war) or MIAsMIAs (missing in (missing in action). Many remain action). Many remain unaccounted for today.unaccounted for today.

Vietnam War Memorial- Vietnam War Memorial- It It consists of a long wall of consists of a long wall of black granite, listing the black granite, listing the names of every American names of every American who died in the Vietnam who died in the Vietnam War. War.

POW-John McCainPOW-John McCain

Taken prisoner after ejecting Taken prisoner after ejecting from planefrom planeNot given medical care initially Not given medical care initially Spent two years in solitary confinementSpent two years in solitary confinementAs a top admiral and son of a top admiral was As a top admiral and son of a top admiral was offered early release, refused saying those offered early release, refused saying those captured before him should be allowed to go firstcaptured before him should be allowed to go firstWas tortured and beaten until he “broke”Was tortured and beaten until he “broke”Total of 5.5 years, cannot raise arms above his Total of 5.5 years, cannot raise arms above his head due to lack of treatment and torturehead due to lack of treatment and torture

Review QuestionsReview Questions

Who were conscientious objectors?Who were conscientious objectors?

Why did people vote for Nixon?Why did people vote for Nixon?

What became of South Vietnam?What became of South Vietnam?

How did post-war prosperity change How did post-war prosperity change American attitudes?American attitudes?

Who are POWs and MIAs?Who are POWs and MIAs?