peace coprs guarani basic course part ii...7 contrast. drill g porg porg g peg ----peg i ol 01 moo...

Guarani Basic CoursePart II

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GORE STAGE

Cycle 1

Manipulation Phase'

model

I-pores -nte (I'm) just fine.

TO THE STUDENT: The subject of 'Ipores -nte is understood through

context and does not need to be expressed. Depending upon the

context it could meen 'I'm just fine°, 'He's just fine', 'It's

just fine', etc,

pronunciation

I-pores -nte

DoraI - -pores

I-pores -nte

model

O

Mbate ixa-pa? How? How are you?

TO THE STUDENT: Mba'e.ixa-pa literally translates as 'How?'

-However it is use4 where we would say 'How are you?',

'Hello' etc.

pronunciation

Mba'e.ixa

4 ixa4 ixaapa

ba'g ixaapaMbe.'4


f

model

(

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

Xe-1-.6ra C. los. name (is) Carlos.

70 THE STUDENT: No verb is used to link a subject noun with a. -

predicate noun;

-rePetition

Xe7-17-esa. Carlos.

Nde-era Gladys.

model

Mba'4 What (is) your name?

TO THE STUDENT:_ the phrase imba.4 ika-Pa nde-I-rera? is similar to the

Spanish 'Como se llama?'

repetition

Mba'6 ixa pa nde-i-6ra?nde--17-era:

pa nde-i.era?

Mbacg ixa-paMba'e ixa-pa nde-rera?

A. Mba'e ixa-pa nde-;era:

B. Xe-i-era

Is


CyCle,3

Manipulation Phase

model

Xe xe--;:era David aver. My name is David too.

TO THE STUDENT: Contrast xe. rera 'my name' and Xe xe-;-era ta.name.',

nde-i.'-era 'your name' and nde nde-r'4ra "-our.name°.

A. Xe4gra Carlos.

3. X& xe-;gra Carlos aver.

C

Use Phase

listening for comprehension

A. Karat, mba'g, ixa-pa nde-;-gra?

B. Xe-rgra Antonio Gomez.

'A. Ha! Xe. xe-i-era Antonio Gomez, aver:

B. roi-kuag vo.

A. ,X6.avel: -

appropriate response

What are both men named?


GAMES :

CONTESTS:

LIVE SITUATIONS:

4-

RE:N5ORCEMENT STAGE

Games and Contests

1.. FAery student tuts his name in a hat and then drawsa name from the hat. (It's all right if he draws

his own name.) The students then go around theclassrOom and greet everyone else, and ask every-one else what his name is. (Each students assumes

the name that he drew from the hat.)

2. Each student is provided pictures of famous persons.He holds up one picture at a time and asks °What's

my name'ut

1. Game No- i, could be used as a con-test by seeing

who c,;uld get everyone's name the ouickest. The

names'w,,uld have to,be written down an a niece of

paper and checked for accuiacy,

See'who can talk the longest in Guarani withoutlong pause: or grammatical errors. The gamewound work well by dividing the class into teamsof T:W: and having them talk together.

2.

1. ne stuants should us.e the greeting &:.mongifeliow

student--; ana teachers whenever ..,hey see them in

or out cr ,:iass.


CORE STAGE

pronunciation practice

a elike Spanish vowels.'

repetition

a aver

xekarat

o vo

u -hendia

lips drawn hack as for i;tonglie position for thevowel of put.

O

repetition

Y, jevi

y a-vz9

v h much'like the E nglish

consonants

repetition

levg, oparg, lUkg,

vo

h ha

I


x

g

gV and a vowe1

sh in Englishia in Englishw in English and.a vowel

repetition

x xe, xgk,. xopi, xlxu, xika, 2syryr

t ko'dagu guyrg

t ,d n p, klike Spanish consonants

repetition

I-porii-ate nd.6 pore mba'e ixa-pa kara:17 --Dag

mba'e -He'd xe-rerc. -studig la' 1-pora pa

Gl..)ttal stop as in °mountain'

or 'oh-on'.

repetition

so'6ha'ghu'Uha."4

mba'e

714.e'd

e I o ti Y Any vowel may be nasalized


7

contrast. drill

g porg porg

g peg ----Peg

I ol 01

moo moo

11 ril ru

Y py

nasal j - n pronounced H

nasal d - d silent

nasal b - b osilent

contrast drill

ja fia

ndg ndg,mba'e

r-

non-nasal nasal

primary stress

secondary stress

repetition

ndg

-porgnde-,;gra

oi'-porg

kaial:I-porg-ntehatehai:e kugra

peg 'hge kuaa volume is loudest at point of

stress


a7epet.it.ion

nee

-studi5.

I- Ora - ^t°

vowel.vowel

repetition

-mba. apri

model

.pronounced as a glottal stopor a long vowel.

tera

Caere

-

xe -rera

a name

his name

my name

'TO T1 STUDENT: certain words begin with t when they are notpossessed, h when they are thi,-d person posseSsive, and r whenthey are possessed by any other person. This type of change will

be called the RH fa,"-o-.

I-porn -nte The hyphen is a symbol placedarbitrarily in words tofacilitate the teaching of thegrammar .

Mba',=; ixe-pe The hat connects -pa,: negativeaffixes and other elehents tobe discussed la . :r.


,

-JaD6

TO THE STUDENT: verb stems which begin with a capital I or J are

I-verbt or J-verbs, respectively. I-verbs requirean 'i' on anyprefix added to. the verb stem; J-verbs recuire a 'j'.

.


CONTESTS:

10REINFORCEMENT STAGE

Games and Contests

1. The teacher reads words with and without glottalstops. The student raises his hand if the wordcontains a glo,.tal stop.

Example: hae, ha' 6

-pee DeTembag mba'6

2 Same as Game 1. but with nasalization insteadof glottal stops.

Example: pee pee

ore orehe'e rieye

...

Pore pora

e+-!. etc,

3 Same as G tut with the -.rowel L.:

-Example: ieVgc.)'eli-C1

a -v; a e-vy?el

ykug -ukug

jevi a-vi' g.

etc. etc.

1 The teacher -ends words that know but

he varies the stress, nasal and glottal stops.The studentS write what they hear.

2. The students read back what they wrote in CONTEST1,

Live Situations .

1. Listen for the sound in English or any otherlanguage you are in contact with..

2. Practice saying English words with nasalized;vowels.

3. Practice using L. in place of 'u'.in-English words.

-1


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CORE STAGE

Cycle 1

Manipulation Phase

model

41N

Xe":,a? (Who) me?

TO THE STUDEI'T: The statement 'me' is xe. The auestion '(Who) me?'

is either xe? (with upward intonation) or xe-pa?' The 2:L. added to a

word or phrase makes.the word or phrase a question.

point and say

Xe-na? (Who) me?

Nde-pa?_ (Who) you?

Ore-ma?- Who) us?

Pe-e-pa? .

..(Who)

Carlos-Pa? (Wh0) -Carlos

point and ask

x4 Nde-pa?

Ha'6. Ha'espa?

.:de. Xg-pa?

CarIos. Carlos "pa?

Ore. PP^4'pa?

Pee. Ore.-pa?

model

E-hendia Listen Estuche

Pe-hendia Listen Escuchen

TO THE STUDENT: E Plus the VERB STEM iS the command directed toward

one person. Pe plus the VERB STEM is the command directed toward

more than one person. (-'e is irregular.)


conversion given a singular command form, change it to the

plural and vica versa.)

-Singular Plural

E-hendd Pe-hendd

-He' e Pe-He'ePe- studies

model

E-he'ndu mi . Listen a little. Escuche un poco.

TO THE STUDENT: mi after the command softens the command. Literally ml

means 'a little'. ,Note also that mi takes the primary stress.

conversion (given a simple command form, change it to a softened

c=mend form.)

E-hendd E-h,lindu mi.

E-te'e E-ne'e mi.

E-studig. E-stadia mi.Lr-e mi.

dialog 1.

A. E-stadia mii Study'

B. Xg-pa9 (Who) me?

A. Ndg.

dialog 2._

A. Pe-stadia m1 Study:

B. Org-pa? (Who) us?

1

Pee. You


Use Phase

interpreting (give the dialog responses)

Politely tell (name) to studylistenspeak

say (it)

Politely tell (names) to study_

listenspeaksay (it),

model

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

Xe a-hendla. I listen.

TO THE STUDENT: when the subject of a verb is "I' (xe), the PERSON

PREFIX a must be added to the Verb_stem. (Again, -'e is irregular.)

act out

Xe a-hendia.Xe a-studig..

XeXe ha-'g.

I listen.'I study.

I talk.I say.,


14.

model

I listen.

TO THE STUDNET: since the PERSON PREFIX specifies the subject, the

subject pronoun is not necessarily expressed.. The relation between

a-heildU and xe a-hendil is the same tss,between 'escucho' and 'yo escucho'.

translation

model

I listen.I talk.I study.

I say.

A-hendu hina. I am listening.

TO THE STUDENT: hina

translation

A-hendu hina.A-fie°5 hina.

A-studies hina.

1:18.-"4 hina.

patterned response

Xe a-studies hina.X4 a-heie dine-X4 a-bend(' bine-Xe ha-'e hina.

---after the verb makes progressive.

I am listening.I am talking.I.am studying.I am saying (it).

Xe a-studies hina avel.

Xe hina avel.

Xe a-hendil hina avel.Xe ha-'6 hina avel.


jr

dialog

A: E7hendu mi.

B. Xg-pa? A-hendil hina.

Listen a bit.

Me? I'm listening.

interpreting

Use Phase

(give the dialog responses)

Politely tell (name) to

model

studyspeaklistehtell itread

Cycle 3

Manipulation Phase,

Ndg re- studies hina: You are studying.

TO THE STUDENT: when the subject is 'you' (ndg), the PERSON PREFIX remust be added to the verb stem.

repetition

Ndg re- studies hina.

Ndg re-hendia hina.Ndg re-ne'e hina.

You are studying.You are listening.You are talking.


model

Nde re-studig hina guarani.-

*repetition

$0,Xe a-he' 6 hina guaranf.

Xe a-hendil hina guarani.Nde re- studies hina guarani.Ndg hina 'guarani.

model

You are studying Guarani.

I am speaking Guarani.I am listening (to') Guarani.You are studying Guarani:You are speaking Guarani.

Nde-pa-re-studig hina guarani?Are you studying Guarani?

Re-studig-pa hina guarani?

TO THE STUDENT: a yes-no question.iswordo.f the sentence.

repetition

Nde-pa.re--hendil hina?

Re-hendil-pa hina?Nde-pa re-flete hina?Re-ae'e-pa hina?

LEOrlIpsilesp91L

Re-He'e-pa hina?- Re-bendil-pa hina?Re-studig-pa hina?

dialog

formed by adding -a after the first

Are you listening?: -

. Are you listening?Are you talking?Are you talking?

Nah&niri.NahLniri.Nahaniri.

Ndepa re-hele hina?,Nde-pa re-hendil-pa? -

Nde-pa.re-studig-pa?

A. Re-studigpa nina guarani?

NahAniri. Nde-pa re-studig hina guarani?


interpretin,71

Ask (name) if heAsk (name) if heAsk (name) if heAsk (name): if he

Use'Phdte

is studying-English.is speaking,Fiench.is reading Spanish.is listening .56 Guarani.

listening for

Xe hinNde, enamel,

comprehension

a.

re-hendia hina.

appropriate response-

-Xe-pa a-henea hina?

Nee-pa re-.e'6 hina?

dialag

/7

A Nde-pa re-Studig hina guarani? Are you studying Guarani?

B. Iee, a-studies hina guarani. Yes, I'n studying Guarani.

A. Re-studig:.-c_ hina ingles aver. Are you studying English too?

B.- Nalaniri. Ha'e o-studies hina ,No. He's studying English.

ingles.


tG

model

Cycle 4

ManipuAation Phase

/8

Carlos o-sfudig hina.Ha'e o-studig hina.

Carlos is studying.He is studying.

TO-THE STUDIENT: the PERSON PREFIX for third person (he, she or it) is o.

1:

repetition

Hate o-hendii hina.

Have o-studig hina.Hate o-fiete hina.(Name) o-lee hina.(NaL-e) o-scrivI hina.

patterned response

model:

O

He is listening.He is studying.He is speaking.

(Name) is speaking.'(Name) is writing.

Carlos-pa o-studig hina ingles?Hee, o-studig hind.

Hate-pa o-he'e guarani?Hee, o-nee guarahi.

0-lee-pa h':ha.?

Hee, o-lee hina.

drill: Carros-pa 941e7e hina ingles?;Hee, o-ffet ha:flat-T:416s,

Glgdys-pa ingles avei?

H6e, ingles avefi

Ha"e-pa o-studig guarani?Hee, ostudig guaranT.

0-lee-pa hina kuEL-karal Gomez?Hee, b-lee hina.

.t)

.-


model: Re-studig-pa hina ko'aga?

Hee, a-studies hina

drill:

Re-neie-pa hina guarani-me toia.ga?Yee, ko'aga a-he'e-,hina guarani-me.

Re2hendirma hina kaiega?Hee, ko'aga,a-hendia hina.

Re-Etudig-pa hina guaralli-ko'aga?Hee, ko'aga a-studig hina guarani.

Re7leg-pa hina ingigs ko'aga?'Hee, koieiga a-leg hina inglgs.

Re-scrivl-pa hina icaral-Keie ko'aga?

Hee, ko'aga a=scriyi hina karal-fieCe.

lexical substitution

o-studies

o-lego-scrivio-mana (die)o-ke (sleep)

C.Name)

tName)(Name)(Name)

(Name)

grammatical substitution

(xe)

ndeha' g-

(xg)

haig

o7studig hina.a-leg hina.o-scrivi-hina.ormana hina.o-kg hina.

X5 a-studig hina guarani.Ndg re- studies hina,guarani.Hag o-s-Eudig- hina guarani.

Haig o-scrivi hina.-Nd4 re-strivi hina.Xg a-scrivl hina.

Xe a-leg hina.Haig hina.

/9


Cycle 5

Manipulation Phase

model

Pe& pe-fie' e .hina. You-all are speakin,;.

TO THE STUDENT' EL is the PERSON PREFIX for 'you-all' (pee).

repetition

Pe& pe7hendri hina.Pee pe=studig hina.Pee pe:-fie'e hina.

model

You-ail are listening.You-all are studying.You-all are talking.

Ore_ro-fie'e hina. We are talking.

repetition

Org ro-hsndil hina.

Or ro-studig. hina.

Ore ro-nefe hina.Or ro-he'e guarani.

7crammatica1 substitution.

pee) Pee pe,fieTe hina.

Or Or ro-ne=e hina.

xe Xe a-he'e hina.nde Nde re-fief& hina.

hafe Ra'e o-fie'e

(xe) Xe a-studig hina.

nde Nde re-studig

hag Hafe o-studig hina.

pee Pee pe-studig hina.

We are listening.We are studying.We are talking."We are talking Guarani.

.0

9


2/

model.

Ingles-pe

Guarand-me f

In English

In Guarani

TOTHE STUDENT: 'in' is -u,. After'a stressed nasalized vowel -De

becomes -me. It is common in Guaranilto:-say 'speak in a languagel7

repetition

ingles-pe In English.

quarani-:me In Guarani.

Er-e mi ingles-pe. w Say (it) in'EnElish.

:r -e mi guarani -me. Say (it) in Guarani.

E-aere mi guarani-me. Speak in Guarani.

E-fie'e,ingles-pe, Speak in English.

patterned response

model: hfna guarani ko'gga?Hge, rb-He'e hina guarani.

Pe-hendil7pa hina karal-fie'a ko.'aga?

Hee, ro-hendll hina

drill: Pe-studig-pa.bina ko'gga?Hge, ro-studie hina ingles.

Pe-Re'e hina karal-Heeg-me.

dialog

A. Pe-fie'rma htna ingles-pe? Are you -all talking in English?

B. .Nahgniri. Or ro-heig hina No., We're talking in Guarani-

guarani-me.

A. Guarani-me? '0f -pores! In Guarani? That's good!



Xe'a-ftece hina guarani -me.

Nde re-ne:4 hina karal-nete-me.Pee pene'e hina ingles-pe.Hate o-te'e hina ruso-pe.


Use Phase

1. Xe-pa a-Ke2e hina guarani-me?2. Nde-pa re-he'e hina ruso -pe?

3. Pee-pa pe-fie'e hina inglestpe?4. Ha'efloa o-fle'se hina karal-fie'e?

5. Ore-pa ro-de'e hina chino-pe?

interpreting

1. Ask (nam) if I am speaking in Guarani.2. Ask (name). if I am study in Guarani.

3. Ask (name) if he is studying in Guarani.4. Ask (name, if he is speaking in Guarani.

5. Ask (name) if you are speaking in Guarani.

22


REINFORCEMENT STAGE

Games

1. The students sit in a circle. 1.

One student is chosen as theCOMMANDER. The Commander giveseach student a command such as:.

STUDY TALK LISTEE

SAY IT

The students act out the commandby holding their hands like abook for STUDY, putting a handto the ear for LISTEN, etc-,and responds by saying I'MSTUDYING, or I'M LISTENING,

etc. The Commander 'says:THAT'S FINE, and goes on to thenext student.

After everyone is given acommand the Commander asks eachone: ARE YOU STUDYING? or AREYOU LISTENING? etc., and thestudents reach respond appro-priately YES, I'M STUDYING,

or NO, I'M TALKING, or what-ever he is doing.

Students each take turn beingthe .COMMANDER.

2. Students sit in a circle. Onestudent is chosen as IT, andleaves the room for a minute.Each student is assigned some-thing to be doing such asSTUDYING, TALKING,. etc. One

person is chosen as the FIBBER.

Lds estudiantes se sientan en un

circulo. Uno de ellos es elegidocomo el COMANDANTE. El Coman-dante da a cada estudiante unaordern tal como:

ESTUDIE HABLE ESCUCHE

DIGALO

Al recibir la orden los estu-diantes actuan alzando sus manoscomo con un libro para el ESTUDIO,

o poniendo us manos en sus-oidos,en actitud de OIB, ect.,,y a lavez respondiendo: YO ESTOYESTUDIANDO o YO ESTOY ESCUCHANDOetc., El Comandante dice: MUYBIEN y sigue-hacia el prOximoestudiante.

Despues de,que cada uno halla re-cibido una orden, el Comandantepregunta ESTA UD. ESTUDIANDO?

o ESTA UD. ESCUCHANDO? etc., ycada estudiante da la respuestaapropiado, SI ESTOY ESTUDIA1b0o NO, ESTOY HABLANDO, o dual-auier cosa que estg. haciendo.

Cada estudiante toma el turnode'COMANDANTE.

2. Los estudiantes se sientan en un

circulo. Lino de ellos, el senorX, sale fuera de la clase por unminuto. A cada estudiante se leasigna estar haciendo una acciOndeterminada como ESTUDIANDO,HABLANDO etc. Entre todos se ellgeun EMBUSTERO.


IT comes back-into the room andbegins asking what the differentstudents are doing:

ARE YOU STUDYING?

ARE YOU TALKING?

IS HE LISTENING?

etc. Everyone except the FIBBERhas to tell the truth-. TheFIBBER has to fib. 'IT tries tofind out what everyone is reallydoing and who the FIBBER is.

Students take turns being IT.

3. Students sit in a circle. Oneperson is chosen as IT. IT

'tells each student what he is

'YOU'RE LISTENING.

YOU'RE TALKING,

etc. The students have to keeptrack of what every student isassigned.

Then IT asks someone to tell 'himwhit everyone doing:

I'M LISTENING.

HE'S STUDYING.

etc. If he gets one wrong andIT gets it right, he is the newIT.

24

X vuelve al salon de clase ypr-glinta que este haciendo

-cl1ferentes estudiantes:

ESTA UD. ESTUDIANDO?

ESTA UD. HABLANDO?

ESTA EL ESCUCHANDO?

etc. Todos, excepto el EMBUSTERO,debe decirle la verdad. El

EMBUSTERO,tiene aue mentir. X

trata de saber que est5. haciendorealmente cada uno y quien es el -EMBUSTERO.

Todos los estudiantes toman s;.1'turno de sef:',Dr X.

3. Los estudiantes sientan en un

circulc. Una persona es-elegidacomo X. X dice a cada estudianteaue deberg esta:7 haciendo:

UD. ESTA ESTUDIANDO.

UD ESTA HABLANDO.

etc. Todos los 'estudiantestienen que terser en cuenta aue es

asignado a cada estudiante.

Entonces X pregunta a cualquieraque ester haciendo cada uno:

YO ESTOy. ESCUCHANDO.

EL ESTA ESTUDIANDO.

etc. Si el estudiante a -quien.

es hecha la pregunta se ecUivoca

y X no, el es el nievo X.


Games and Contests

Juegos y Concursos

The teacher gives a statementwithout using a pronoun:

0-HEND(.1 MINA

OR

A- STUDIA

etc. The students cuestion the.statement as fast as they can:

EA EPA?

ND'IrPA?

,YZ,"7"'DA9

Whoever questions it correctlyfirst, gets a point.

The teacher gives each studenta command, or tells him what he

is doing:

E-HENDU MI.

N RE-STUDf& HINA.

etc. The student responds byacting out the command andsaying what he is doing. If he

gets it right he gets a poic,t.

2.

El profesor da una frase sin usar

pronombres:

ESTA ESCUCHANDO.

0

ESTUDIO.

etc. Los estudiantes, usando elpronombre apropiado preguntanlo mgs pronto que puedan:

EL?

NO=OS?

UD.?

La primera pregunta correctagana un puntc.

2. el profesor da a cada estudianteuna orden o le dice que ectg

haciendo:

ESUCUCHE.


etc. El estudiante responderealizando la acciOn que laorden implica y diciendo oue ester

haciendo. Si lo hace bien gana

un punto.


2c

3. One of the students is chosen 3. Uno de los estudiantes es elegido

as IT. IT leaves the room. como X. X deja el salon de clase.

The others are each assigned an - Los otros se'asignan uno al otro

activity identification: una acttvidad que les identifique:

NDE RE-STUDIA HINA UD. ESTA ESCUCHANDO.

NDP, RE-SCRIVI HINA UD. ESTA ESCRIBIENDO.

NBE.REudiEl HINA

NDE RE-EMU HINA

NDE RE-LEE HINA

IT is then called into the room

and is told:

PETEi.0-LEEHINA, HA


UD. ESTA HABLANDO.

UD. ESTA LEYENDO.

X es llamado al salon de clase yse le dice:

UNO ESTA LEY1=0,.

OTRO KATU 0-SCRIVI HINA, OTHO ESTA ESTUDIANDO,

etc. etc.

IT then asks different peopleabout their-activity;

X pregunta a diferentes personasacerca de su actividad:

(NDE-PA.RE-LEE HINA?) (ESTA UD. LEYENDO?)

or the activity of others:

(HA'72-PA 0 -HENDU HINA?)

o las actividades de otros:

(ESTA EL-ESCUCHANDO? )


Catch and Say

Agarre y Riga

4. Form a circle, with IT in the 4.

middle. IT throws a ball or beanbag "'to someone in the circle and

gives a command. The pefson.

must catch the object, respond

and throw the object back with-

in four seconds, (before IT

counts to four in Guarani orten in Spanish). The person-withthe object must give the correctresponse to the command given by

TT.

Examcle: if IT says:

E-HE NDU MI.

The person must say:

X2 A -HENDU

27

Formen un circulo con X en el

medio. X tire una pelota or cual-auier objecto suave a alguno enel circulo y des una orden. La

persona debe coger el objecto,

responder y tirar de vuelta elobjeto dentro de 4 segundos,(antes oue X cuente hasta 10).La persona con el objeto debedar_una respuesta corecta a lapregunta u orden dadpor X.

/Ejemplo: Si X dices:

ESCUCHE..

La persona debe decir:

ESTOY ESCUCHANDO.

Live Situations

Try to findai many situations. as possible to use the phrases.in

the-lesson. When you see some-One studying,. for example, ask:

ARE YOU STUDYING GUARANI?, etc.

2. Use the phrases 17 class whenever appropriate: SAY IT AGAIN.

SAY IT IN ENGLISH. ARE YOU TALKING IN GUARANI?, etc.

3. Whenever you her something in English or Spanish that you know

how to say in Guarani (even if it's just a word) think of how

you would say it in Guarani.


REVIEW STAGE

26

translation

Xe-7.pa? (Who) me?

Ore-pa? (Who) us?

Listen (you).

Pe-hendia. Listen (you-all).

mi. Say (it) (you).

Pej-e mi. Say (it) (you7a11).

Xe I listen.

Xe a-hendS hina. I am listening.

A-fie'e hina guarani. I am speaking Guarani.

Nde re-fie'e hina ingles-pe. You are speaking in English.

I say.

I am studying Guanani.

Xe

Xe a-studies hina gUarani.

Aide re- studies hina inglesy Are you studying English?

Re-fie'rpa hina guarani-me? Are you speaking in Guarani?

Carlos-pa o-studig hina guarani?

Pe-fie hina inglgs-pe?

Guarani-me-pa?

Ro-fie'E guarani -me,

mi guarani-me.

Pej-e mi ingles-pe.

Is Carlos studying Guarani?

Are you-all tPlking in English?

In Guarani?

speak in Guarani.

Say (it) in Guarani.

Say (it) (you -all) In English.

E-He'e mi gmarani-me. Talk in Guarani.

0I-porg! That's good (fine)!


2.


E-hendia mi.

2. Ktia.g, ixa-pa?

3. Mba'g ixa'pa nde-:era?

4. Re- studies pa hina guarani?

5. Re- ^e'-43-pa hina guarani?

6. Carlos-pa o-fie'e guarani-me?

7. Er-e mi hello' guarani-me.

8: Er- mi 'Guarani' guarani-me.

9. Nde-Pa re- studies hina inglgs?

10. Re-hendirpa hina?

11. 0-hendil-pa hina?

12. E-fiece ingles-pe.

13. E-fie'e mi guarani-Me?

1L. Pee-pa pe-studies hina Ingle's?

15. Pe-studig-pa hina guarani?

16. A-ne'e'pa guarani-me?

17. Hate-pa o-ctudig hina?

18. Car pa o-hendil hina?

19. Mba'e ixa-pa re- studies hina guarani?

20. Pe-Hei-ei-pa hina


3o

relistening

1. A. Mba'e ixa-na, Carlos?

B. I-pore -nie. Ha ndg?

A. I-pore -nte avel. *Nde-Da e.t."studig hina guarani?

3. Hee, a-studig hina.

A. Ha David? 0- studies -pa hina guarani avel?

B. Nahaniri, ha'e o-studies hina ingles.

A. 01-pora! re ha Glgdys ro-studies hina inglgs avel.

2. A. Glgdys ha,Carlos, mbale ixa-Da?

B. D-Dora-nte. Ha ndg?

A. I-pore -ntZ avel. Re-:late-pa ingles?

B. Ore-pa? Nahaniri, or ro-fie'e guarani.

A. Er-e mi 'Hello' guarani-me.

B. "Mba"e ixa-pa?" Oi-pora-pa?

A. Hee, 01-Dora.

3. A. Re-studig-pa hina guarani, Carlos?

B. Hee, a-studies hina.

A. Mbarg ixa-pa re -.studies?

E. Xg a-Het& guarani-me.

A. 01-pora, Carlos.


Pronunciation practice

nasal 'vowel (i-)

heeD -s e

fie.e

nasal vs. oral vowel vY

pe pee

kolaga ko'gra

roikuag mok8i

vowel - glottal catch - vowel (v'v)

ha'ehe-IfEe'e

v'v VS. VV'

he-et peter karialpee

.


model

substitution

guaraniinglgskaral-fie' è

portugues

model

CORE STAGE

Cycle 1

Maninulatich Phase

hina guarani ko'aga.

32

He's studying Guarani now.

o-studig hina guarani ko'aga..o-studig hina inglgs ko'aga.o-studig hina karal-die'e kovaga.o-Studig hina nortugugs ko'aga.

Mbatg-pa,o-stuaig hina karat What is Mr. Taylor studying?

Taylor?

substitution

karat Taylor Mba'g-pa o-studig hina karat Taylor?kung, -karat Taylor Mba'g-pa o-studia hina kuha-karat Taylor?

A. Mba'g-pa o-studig hina (name)?

B. G-studig hina guarani ko'aga.


33

Use Phase

directed. discourse

1. E-torandd (name)-te mba'g-pa o-studies hina (name).

2. E-porandd (name)-te o-studig-pa hina guarani,

listening for ,comprehension

Karaf. Taylor o-studies hina guarani ko'aga ha kung -karal Peralta o-studig

hina ingles.


1. Mbeg-pa o-studies hina karal Taylor?2. Mbaig-pa o-:studig hina kung -karal Peralta?

3. 0-studig..pa hina guarani kung -karal Peralta?

4. Ndg-pa re-studig-Nna ingles?5. re-pa a-studies hint. karal-He'e?

6. Mava-pa o-studies nine. karal-fie"e?

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

model

0-leg hina ko'aga. Fe's reading now.

substitution

fleg 0-fie'a hina ko'aga.

leg 0 -leg hina ko'aga.

scrivl 0-scrivi hina ko'aga.

hug fubol 0-hugg fubol ko'aga.,


model

Mba'g-pa. o-ap6 bina (name)? What is (name) doing?

patterned response

model: Mbaie-pa of -apO hina kotega? 0-lee-pa hina?

Hee, o-lee hIna.

Mbaie-pa oj-anc5 hina kofega? 0-hu6-pahina fubol?Hee, o-hugg:7pa YEna fubol.

drill: MbaTe-pa oj-'apc5 hina koiega? 0-scrivi pa hina?

Hee, o-:Fcrivl hIna,

Midate-pa of -ap6 hina ko'aga? 0-fie'e-pa hina guarani-me?

Hee, o-fie'e hina guarani-me.

Mbaie-pa.oj-ap6.hina ko'aga? 0-studig.-pa hina ingles?

Hee, o-stUdia" hina ingles.

Use Phase

directed discourse

1. E-porandd (name)-pe mba.'"pa xe aj-ap6 hina.

2. E-porandd a-lee-pa hina.3. E-porandd_xe-ve mbate-pa (name)-be of -ap6 hina.

patterned response

model: Mbaie-pa rej-apO hina?Hee, a-lee hina.

-Mba'e-pa rej-ap6 hina?Hee, a- scriyi hina.

Re-lee-pa hina?

Re-scrivi-pa hina?

'-U


3,_

a.'?; T)e re' -apC h:na?. Re-studig ma hTna?

Hee, a-scrivl hlna.

Kba'rpa rej-ap5 hTna? Re-hu,Tg.-ma hina 4'111-:o?

Hee, a-huga hina fubol,

model: Mba"e7ni aj-ap6 hina? A-scriv-ma hina?

Hle re-scrivl hina.

drill: ,lba'g-na aj-an6 hina? X-lee-na hina?

rice, re-lee hina.

aj-an6 hina? A-studig-pa hina?

Hee, re-studig hina.

directed discourse

1. Eporandr.:. (name)-ne mbale-pa oj-ap6.hIna.

E-porandil o-lee7na hina.

2. E-moranda (name)-me mba'e-pa hina.

E-porandikre;-studig-pa hina.

patterned response

model: Mba'g-pa roj-an5 hina? Ro-studig-pa hina?

Hee, pe-studies hina.

drill: Mbaie-pa roj-ap6 hinag Ro-Hete-pa hIna.guarani-me?

Hee, me-He'-e hina guarani-me.

Mba!g1-,.a roj-ami5 hina? Ro-scrivl-pa hina?

Hee, ne-scrivl

model: Mba"e-ma pej-amo hina? Pe-studig-na hina?

H4e, reo-studies hina?

drill Mbafe-na hina? Pe- huger -pa hina?

Hee, ro-huger hina.

. a"e-pa Dej-ap6 Pe-fie'rpa hina guarani-me?

Hee, e hina guarani-me.


directed discourse

1. E-porandil ore-ve mba'e-pa roj-apO hina. E-porandu ro-He'e-pa

hina ingles-ne.

E-pornadil (name)-pe mba'e-pa pej-ap6 hina. E-porandu pe-1e6-pa

hina.


Karal Martinez o-studies hinaingles, ha nde, (name), re- studies hina

guarani, ha xe a-studies hina


1. Mava'pa o-studies hina inglesq.

2. Mba'e-pa xe a-sAudig hina?

3. Ha nde, (name)., mba'e-pa re- studies hina?

4. Mba'e-pa rej-ap6 hina?

-5. Mba'e-pa oj-ap6 hina (name)?

6. Mba'e-pa xe aj-ap6 hina?

T. Mba'e-pa aj -ap6 hina ko7iii:gA? sof

3G


Cycle 3

Manipulation Phase

=del

37

:Tiande ja-studie va.era guarani. We ought to study Guarani.

TO THE STUDENT! The PERSON PRE= which corresponds to Handle Ja- orwithin a nasal span Ha-.

substitution

ja-studig. Nandg la-studie va.er& guarani.

Ha-He"6 Nand Ha-He'e va.era guaraHi.

a-hendil Nand Ha-he nda va.era guarani.

patterned response

model: Ha e ku6ra o-studie va.er& karat -fie'e,

Ha Hand4 ja-studie va.era guarani.

ha'ekuera vA,era. karat -fie e.

Ha iaande na-hp'e va.er& guarani.

drill: Ha 'e kuerE. o-henda va.erA karat -nee.Ha rand va.eza- guarani.

Ha'e ku6ra o-lee ,va.era karat -fie' e.Ha nand va.eri!

Mba'g pa fiand5 ja- studia va.er& What should we study now?

ko'aga?


3a

su_stiturion

call word :pattern

riaLdela-studie. Mba"eoa. Hande ja-studia va.era ko"dita.

or ro studig. Mbate-pa or ro-studia va.era koiaga.

pee ue-studi:i Mba'e-ua pee De-studia va.er

nde re-studig. Mba'e-pa nd& re-studia va.erd.

o7studie. Mba'e-ua. o-studia va.era ko'Lga.

xe a-ctudigi. Mba'e-ue. xe a-studia va.era

dialog for listening

A. Mba'e-pa ja-studia va.era ko'-agoB. Nd4 re-studi:a va.era guaraniha xg a-studia va.erg. ingles.

A. Ha'e-pa o-studia va.era alre17

B.: Hee.

dialog for- iistening

r.

A. Mba:e-pa hand6 ja-Ftudia va.era ko'aga?

1

B. Nande ja-studia va.era guaranf.A. Ha ilbace pa ha'e o-studia va.era koidga?B. lie'e o-studia rra..=..ra karat -ne e.

dialog for memorization

A. Alberto b-stud:ia -.Ta.era hina

.karat -he'a.

Alberto should he studyingSpanish.

.B. Ha mbaq-pa fiande ja-studia And what should we be studying?va.era hina?

A. Nand ja-studi Ira.era hina We should be studying Guarani.guaran!:.


Listening for comprehension

Karat Graham o-st.udies hina karal-Re'e, Pero hate o-studia va.era guarani.

Karat Gomez o-studies hina portugues, pero ha'g o-studies va.era inglgs.


M'oa'21-pa o-studies hina karal Grahqm ko'aga?

Mba'g-pa hate o-studies va.erg.?Yba'g-pa o-studies hina karal Gomez ko'Ega?Ha'g-pa o-studies hina karal-fiete aver?

Mba',5-pa ha'g o-studia va.era?

Cycle !

Manipulation Phase

,:a-studig py. Let's study then.

TO THE STUDENT: .1a- plus the VE23 STEM makes the 'Let's... form.

repettion

Ja-studies py.

Ja-'6 py.Na.-Fiete py.

py.

patterned response

hina. Ja-studig py fiandg aver. (Let's us studythen, too.)

Ilahendia py dandg aver.

Na -rie py ilandg aver.

Ja-'4 DV dance avel.

o-hendia hina,

hina-

Ha'e he-'6


model

40

A-stadia-se-guarani. I want to study Guarani.

TO THE STUDENT: -se after the VERB means 'Want to VERB'. -se takes

the priwry stress.

patterned recoonse

Hare a-stadia-se guarani.Ha e o-hen4u-se guarani.Carlos o-here -se guarani.

Ore ro-stadia-se guarani' -

Ore ro-e'e-se guarani.Or ro-hendu-se guarani.

model

Ha xe a-stadia-se avel guarani.Ha xe a7hendu-s aver guarani.

He xe a-he'e-se aver guarani.

Ha ore ro-stadia -se avei guaranT.Ha ore ro-rye' e-se aver guaranT.Ha or ro7hendu=se a:val.-guarani.

A-stadia-se escuela-p.. I want to study at (in) School.

TO THE STUDENT: A NOUN plus -ze (-me after a stressed nasalized vowel)

means 'IN', AT or TO the NOUN.

substitution

escuela re a-stadia-se esucela-pe.

cafeteria Xe a-stadia-se cafeteria-pe.

dormitorio Xii a-stadia-se dormitorio-pe.

excuf.iado Xe a-stadia-se excusado-pe.

biblioteca Xe a-stadia-se biblioteca-pe.

hospital Xe a-stadia-se hospital-pe.

peluqueria re a-stadia-se peluqueria-pe.

hotel Xe a-stadia-se hotel-pes.

clase X& a-stadia-se clase-pe.

cancha Xe a-stadia-se cancha-pe.


model

Moo-pa re-stadia-se guarani? Where do you want to studyGuarani?

pa± ±erred response (choose either alternative)

model: Mod-pa re-studia-se guarani? Universidad-pe-pa terepa Paragugi-pe.A-stadia-se guarani Paragugi-pe.

Mob-pa pe-stadia-se? Dormitorio-pe pa tera-pa bilbioteca-pe?Ro-stadia-se biblioteca-pe.

Mod-pa re-We-se? Hotel-pe-pa terepa hospital-pe?

Morpa re-haga-se?, Cancha-oe-pa escuela-pe?

Mod-pa pe-71,e-se? Biblioteca-pe-pa tera-pa cafeteria-pe?

Moo-pa pe-scrivi-se? Dormitorio-pe-pa tera-pa clase-pe?

Moo-pa pe-mba.apo-se? Banco-pe-pa terepa escuela-pe?

dialog

A. Morpa re-stadia-se guarani? Where do you want" to styGuarani?

irs. A-stadia-se escuela-pe. I want to study (it) Pt school.

A. Ja-studig py. Let's study then.

Use Phase


Carlos o-stadia-se ingles universidad-pe.Gladys.o-stildia-se guarani Paragugi-pe.Ha xe a-stadia-se guarani Paragugi-pe aver.Gladys ha xe ro-Hele pord-se guarani-me.


appropriate response.

Mba'e'pa Carlos o-stadia-se?MoC-pa haq or.stadia -sif?Gladys-pa c-stadia-se ingles aver.?

Mba'e-pa.ha'e o-stadia-se?VI-pa a-stadia-se guarani aveT?R, -ne'e porn -se" pa guarani?

Nde'pa re=stadia-se guarani?Re-he'6 pord-se-pa guarani?Mob-pa re-stadia-se guarani?

model

Cycle 5

Manipulation Phase

Xe ai-kuag .Nde re: -kuag.

Hee of -kuag,

I know,You know.He knows.

TO THE STUDENT!

conversion

Ai-kuag guarani.Oi-kuag guarani.Rei-litai guarani.Pei -kuag guarani,Roi -kuag, guarani,

Jai-kuag guarani.

I-VERBS require 1 on the regular prefixes.;

---Mba'6?

---Mbace?---Mba'e?---Mba'e?

Xe ai-kuag guarani.Ha'e of -kuag guarani.Nde reiAtuag guarani.Pe"6 pei-kuag guarani.Or roi-kuag-guarani.Nand jai-kuag guarani.


Patterned response

Nde-pa rei-kuag guarani?Ha'e-pa of -kuag guarani?Pee-pa pei-kuag guarani?Ore-pa roi-kuag guarani?Nande-pa jai-kuag guarani?

model

43

Hee. Xe ai-kuag guarani.Hee. Ha'e of -kuag guarani.Hee. Or roi-kuag guarani.Hee. Pee pei-kuag guarani.Hee. Nand jai-kuag guarani-

Ai-kuag Carlos-pe. I know Carlos.

TO THE STUDENT: The. Spanish for Ai-kuag Carlos-pe is 'Coaozco a Carlos.'Where the Spanish requires 'a' before the NOUN, Guarani requires --Es

after the NOUN.

repetition

Xe ai-kuag Carlos-pe.Ha'e of -kuag Carlos-pe.Nde rei-kuag Carlos-pe2Or roi-kuag Carl -pe.

Pee pei-kuag Marla-pe.Rande jai-kuag Marfa-pe.

patterned. response

Nde-pd rei-kuog Carlos-pe?Ha'e-pa of -kuag Carlos-De?Pee-pa pei-kuag Carl5s-pe?Ore-pa roi-kuag Maria -pe?.Nande-pa jai-kuag Maria-pe?

odel

- Mava-pe?

-Mavo-pe?-Mava-pe?- Mava-pe?

-Mava-pe?- Mava-pe?

Ai-kuag Carlos-pe.Oi-kuag Carlos-pe.Rei-kuag Carlos-pa.Roi-kuag Carlos-pe.Pei-kuag Marfa-pe.Jai-kuag Maria-pe,-

Hee. Xe ai-kuag Carlos-pe;Hee. Ha'e of -kuag Carlos-pe.Hee. Or roi-kuag Carlos-pe.

Hee. Pee pei-kuag Marfa-pe.Hee. Nande jai-kuag Maria-pe.

Ai-kual pora lxu-pe, I know him well.

TO THE STUDENT: In Guarani, certain modifiers like Dora follow the VERB.


reDeti,-ion

Ai-kuaa pore Carlos-pe.Pei -kuaa pore Carlos-pe.Oi-kuel pore. Carlos-pe.Poi -kuaa pore Carlos-p.e-Pei-kuaa pore Carlos-pe.Jai-kusA pore Carlos-pe,

conversion

Ai-kual pore guarani.Oi-kuaa pore. guarani.Rei-kuaa pore. Ingle's,Roilkuaa pore ingles.Pei-kuaa pore ruso.Jai-kuaa pore chino.

Mbaq?-Mba2e?-Mbate?-Mbaq?-Mba'ei- Mbave?

DwAerned response

model: Nde-pa rei-kual pore Carlos-pe?

drill: Haq-pa oi-kuaii. pore Carlos-pe?

Perpa-pei-kuaa po!qi guarani?

Org-pa roi-kuaa pora ingles?

gande jai-kuaa pore guarani?


re-kuagre-hexg (see)rei-pytyvo (help)

patterned response

Rei-kuag-pa Carlos-De?Re-hexg-pa Carlos-pe?Rei-pytyv;fpa Carlos-pe?

44

Xe.ai-kuaa pore guarani.Hee of -kuaa pore guarani.Nde rei-kuaa pore ingles`.Or roi-kuaa pore ingles.Pee pei-kuaa pore ruso.Nande jai-kuaa pore chino.

Hee, ai-kuaa pore ixu-De.

Hee, of -kuaa pore txurpg.

Hee, roi-kuaa pore txu-pe.

He pei-kuaa pore Ixu-Pe.

Hee, jai-kuaa porn ixu-pe.

Rei-kuag-pa Carlos-pe?Re-hexg-pa Carlos-pe?Rei-pytyvb-pa Carlos-pe?

Naheniri, pero ai-kuaa-se xu-pe.Naheniri, pero a-haxa,se xu7pe.Naheniri, pero ai-lOtyvo-se xu-pe.


directed discourse

1. E-poranda2. E-porandf.1

3. E-porandaE-porandll

5. E-poranda6. E-porandil

7. E-porandil

8. E-poranda

Use Phase

(,name)-pe of -kuag-pa CarlOs-pe1:;:u-pe of -kuag-pa Maria-pe avel.(name)-pe rei-kuag-pa karat Peralta.Ixu-pe rei-kuag-pa kung - karat Peralta avel.-A-ye ai-kuag-pa iNu-pe kuera avel.ore -ve rotuag-pa (name)-pe.xe7ve ai-kuag-pa (name)-pe:(name) -pe pet-kuag-pa txu-pgavel.

1. Ask (name) if he knows (name).2, Ask (name) if (name) knows(Damel.

,3. Ask me and (name) if we know him too,-4. Ask me ff I know (name).5, Ask (name) and (name) if they-know (name).6, z.sk Cname) if you two know me.j. .k::k (name) if you two know us.E. 'Find out who knows (name) well.9. have (name) ask if `name) knows (name).

10. i:tve us ask them if they know him to11. Have (name) ask you if you know (name),

15-stellEa1IELaEL21

Y.g a'- uaa pore: karat Gomez -p' ride rei7kuaa por'elxu-Pg avef.Stroessner of -kuaa pore Lyndon Johnson-pe.

app.L2pziate response

o:;-kuaa pore Lyndon Johnson-pe?d6-pa, rei-kuaa porn lx}:,-p6?lei-kuaa-pa era; Gomez-pc?

Presidente Stroessner-pe avel?tiara) Graham-De?

X6.1o, s-kuag ':xu-pe?

-4


Cycle 6

Manipulation Phase

model

46

MAva-pa oi-pyty,r^ Gladys-pe? Who helps Gladys?

Substitu+ion

o:-;ytyvti Mdva-pa oi-pytyvo Gladys-pe?

o-hexes Mdva-pa o-hexes Gladys -pe?

of -kuag Mdva-pa of -kuag Gladys-pe?

model

Mava-pe-pa Gladys oi-pr,yv:...? -Who does Gladys help?

TV THE STUDENT: mdvs-pe'pa 'who?' (d'rect object 'wham' in formal

English.)

subst-!tut:on

=i -pytyv Mava-pe-pa Gladys oi-pytyvo?

o-hexes Mava-oe-pa Gladys o-hexes?

of -kung Mdva-pe-pe-Gladys of -kuag?

dialog

A. Nava .pa o1-pytyvo hint :.11adys-ps?

B. Carlos oi-py'rr5 Nina xu-pe,A. Ea mAva-pe-pa Gladys oi-py+yva.B. Beg oi-pytyvt Mar!7a-pe.


Use Phase

listcsn4ng f'cr comprehension

Xe ai-pytyvb Maraa.pe, ha ha 'e oa-pytyvo Carlos-pe.


Mava-pa ci-pytyv6 MarieMgva-pe-pa Maria oi-pyiyv5?

nde r-_i-pytyvb- hina?Mava-pe-pa nde re -hexes?Mava-pe-pa ha'eo-fiendd hfna?

Cycle 7

Manipulation Phase

model

Xe a-he'e mixi mi. I speak a little.

patterned response

model: Xe ,7:ora. Ha nde?Ha'e c-ne'g pera. Ha nde?

Xe a-fie'a mixi mf. Ha nde?Ha'e o-he'a mixi mt. Ha nde?

drill: Xe a -ne's pora. He. ndg?

Ha'e o-fie'e pora. Ha xe?Or ro-he';' pores. Ha ha'e?Fide re-he'e pora. Ha ore?Ore ro -he' pora. Ha pee?

Carlos o-fie' e pora. Ha nde?.Pride re-he'e pc-a. Ha Carlos?

Xe a-fie'e mixi mi.Ore ro-fie' e miximi.

Xe a-fie'; pora.Or ro-fie'e pora

. Xe a-fieie mixi m1 .

Nde re-fie' e mixi mi.Ha'e mixi mi.Pee pe-fie'e mixi mi.Or ro-he'emixi mi.

Xe a-:fie' e mixi mi.

Carlos c-ne,16 mixi mi.

47


David n_ -tie: pora. Ha xe?

Xg a-fie'e Fora. Ha David?Or ro,he'e ipora. Ha Juan?

Xe a7leg mdxi mi Ha ride?

CarlOs-leg mixi mi. Ha have?

Ndg re-leg mixi mi. Ha xg?

Ore ro-leg mixi mi. lia.nee?

Pee pe-leg mixi mi.- Ha org?David. o-2e6 mixi mi. Ha Carlos?

6' X4 ha DaIridr:.-leg mixi mi:

Ha. fiaP:

Ndg re-have mixi mi.David o-fieve mixi mi.Juan o-fie' e mixi mi.

a-l4 pora.Have o-lee pord.Ndg re-lee pord.Or ro-lee pord.Pee pe-lee pord.Carlos /8-lee pora.

liavg o-lee Pord.

re a-leg mdxd mi inglgs ha guarani.

Ha'g o-leg mixi mi inglgs ha guarani.Nde re-leg mixi mi inglgs ha guarAni.Peg pe-le4 mixi ml inglgs ha guarani.Org r3-leg mixi mi inglgs ha guarani.

Ndg re -lee mixi mi inglgS ha guaraniHave o-reg m.xi mi ingles ha guarani.Xg a-leg mixi mi inglgs ha guarani.Or ro-leg mixi ml inglgs ha guarani.Peg pe-leg mixi mi ingligs ha guarani.

Ndg pora alemgn ha karai-tie.

Ha.:4 pora alemgn_ha karal-here,rg A-le? pora .alemilr ha karalL-hele:

Or ro-le4 Fora aletgn ha karai-^e' e.

Pe& pe-lee po,-a alemgn ha karal-fieve.

Xg a-lee pore- alemln ha karal-fie'e.

Have pora alemgn ha karai-neoe,-Ndg re-le4 pora alemgn ha karat-te'e.Pee pe-1. . D r3 alemgn.ha_karal-fie'e.

Or ro-lee pora alemgn ha karal-h-ev,

model

Ndepa re-he'le guarani? Do you speak Guarani?


;,-,attermed,response

model: Nde -pa re-ne'e guarani?Ha'g-pa o-nee guarani?.

drill: -X4-pa a-fie e guarani?Pee-pa pe-he'e guarani?Ore-pa ro-ne'e guarani?

Carlos-pa 7,-scrivf ingles?_David-pa o-scrivr. alemgn?

Aide ha Carlos-pa pe- scrivi

guarani?Xe ha. David-pa ro-scrivf,Tuarani?

Nde-pa re-scrivr ruso?Ha'e-pa o-scrivf alemgn?Nde-pa re-scrivr guarani?

A-ae'e mixi,mi. (or:

mixi mi. (or:

Re-He'e mixi mi. 'tor:Ro-he'e mixi mi. (or:

Pe-he'e mixi mt. (or:

0-scrivi mixi mi. (or:

0-scrivi mixi mi.' (or:

Ro-scrivr mixi mi. (or

Pe-scrivr mixi mi. (or

A-scrivr mixi mi. (or:

0-scrivi mixi mi. (or:

A-scrivi mixi mi. (or:

Carlos o-ntende mixi mi. Ha nde?

David o-ntende mixi mi. Ha ha'e?

Xe ha ']arlos ro-ntende mixi mi. Ha pee?

Nde ha David pe-ntendg mixi mi. Ha ore?

Nde re-ntendemixd mi. Ha Xe?

Carlos ha xe_ro-ntende mixi mi. Ha ndeZ

-Pea pe-ntende mixi mi. Ha ha'e?

Xe a-ntendg mixi mlHa'e o-ntende mixi mi aver.Ore ro-ntende mixi mi aver.Pee pe-ntende mixi mi aver.Nde-rs-ntende mixi mi avel,Xe a-ntende mini mi aver.Ha'e o-ntendg mixi ml aver.

patterned response.

model: Ndg-pa re-lee,ingles?Pee-pa pe-hugg pelota?

drill: Nag-pa re-lee alemgn?Ha'e-pa o7lee alemg.n?Xe-pa a-leg alemgn?Ore7pa ro-ieg alemgn?Pee-pa pe-leg alemen?

4q

pord.)o-??e'4 Dora.)

re-riel pore...)

ro-fie'E pord.)pe-fie' e pord.)

o-scrivi pora,)o-scrivl pord.)

ro-scrivi pore.)

pe-scrivi pord)a-scrivi pord.)o-scrivi pore-)a-scrivl pora.)

(or: a-ntendrpora)(or: o-ntende pora)

(or: ro-ntende .pora)

(or: pe-ntende pore.)

(or: re-ntende pord)

(or: a-ntende pora)(or: o-ntende'pora)

Nahaniri, X4 a-lee guarani.

NahL_iri. Ore ro-hugg beisbol.

Nandniri. Xe-a-lee gdarani.

Nandniri. Ha'e-o-legguarani.Naha:nit:1, Ncie re-lee guarani.

Nahaniri, Pee pe-lee guaraniNah&nuri. Org ro-lee guarani.-


Carlos'pa = -lee :ngles?

David-pa o;-lee ruses.?

ride ha Hate-pa le-lee

gur4rani..X4 ha Carl-s pa ro-lee

ngles.

Ndg-pa re-hugg beisbol?Haee-tia, %-tugg beishol?Xe-pa a-hug g beishol?

Ore-pa ro-huggPei pa pe-hugg beisbol?

Nahaniri. Carlos o-leg guarani.

Nahaniri. David o-lee ingles.

Nahaniri. Ure ro-lee ingles.

Nahaniri. Pee pe-lee guarani.

Nahaniri,Nahanri.Nahaniri.Nahaniri.Nabaniri.

Cycle

Le a-huger pelota.Have o-hugg pelota.Nde re-hugg pelota.Pee pe-huger pelota.Or ro-hugg pelota.

Manipulation Phase

model

Hate kuera o-studig.Ha0 kuera ci-k6 Paregugi-pe.

)

I

They study.The y live in Paraguay.

TO THE STUDENT: kugre is a pluralizer Ha'e knera is th.l.rd person plural or

'they'. Kuer.a takes the prir..1a-y stress. Note also that Have kuera takes _the

same PERSON PREFIX as Ha-4:

substitution

guaranichinojaponesruso -

metemgticas

Ha'e kuera o-studies guarani.Hee kuera o-studies chino.Ha'e kuera o-studies japones.Have kuera o-studig ruso.Ha'e kuera o-studig matemgticas.Hate kuera o-studig.psi6ologia.


pat.i.e.ra:,d response

model. Nand; ja-studig guarani.Cars ha Gladys o-studiagUaraniaver.Ha'e kuera :-studia guarani aver.

drill: Pee pei-ki.,ag karal-ne'e.Ha e kuera of -kuag karat -lie 'e aver.

Ore ro-nee ingles.Ha' Ai kuera o-lie e ingles avel.

model

Pero o- mba.aptS hina Utah -De- But they are working in Utah -

repetition or substitution

Xe--Paragugi

Ha"g--Paragu4CAsunciOni

Cr4--AfricaNande--Costa Rica

Pe-6--FusiaHa."e. kugra--E' asi1

X& ai-kO Paragugl-pe pero a-mba,ao6 hina Utah-pe.Nde rei-k6 Boiiria -pe pero re-mba.ap6 hina Utah-pe.Here of -k5 Paraguay -pe pero o-mba.ap6 hina Utah-pe-

Ore roi-k5 Africa-pe pero ro-mba.ap5 hina Utah-pe.Mande jai -k^ Costa Rica-pe pero na-mba,ap6Utab-pe.

pero pe-mba.gp6 hina Utah -pie.Ha'e kuera oi-k5 Brasil-pe pero o-mta.apO hinaUtah -pe.

patterned response

.Nde-pa rei-k6 Pro'ro -pe?

Ha..6-pa oi-ko Africa-p,.?

.Pe4'pa pei-k6 Denver-pe?

Nande'pa jai-k5 Japan -pe?

Ha'ZI kuera-pa oi-k6 Pusla-pe? _

Ore-pa roi-k5 NVihico-pe?

Nahaniri. -Xe ai-k5 Paragugi-pe, peroko'aga a-mba_ap6 hina Provo-pe,

Nahaniri. Ha'e of -kO Paragugi:pe, pero

ko'aga o-mba.a.p6 hina Africa-pe.. Nahaniri, O:' roi-k5.Paragugi7pe; pero .

ko'g.ga ro-mba.ap5 hina Denver -pe...

Nahanlri. Nande jai-k5 Paragugi-pe, perok-laga na-mba.ap6 hina Japon pe.

Nahanlri, Ha'e kugra oi-k6 Paragugi-pe,pero, ko'aga o-mba.ap6 hina

Nahaniri. Pee pei-k6 .Paragugi-pe, peroko'aga ro-mba,ap5 hina Mehco-pe,


model

of -k6 ha' ;'1 kuera? Where do they live?

reoet!tion or conversion

Mod-pa .o--.1c5. kuera?

Mo6'15a nef-k5 pee?

Mo,5'pa re-k5 ndil?Mod"D3 o. -k6 Carlos?Mofpa jaa-k5 hande:Moo-pa r7.,i-tk6` x;; Tiadys?

pat' erned res

Mob-pa rei-k5 nde?Mob-pa hee of -k6?Mcn-pa pe-e Pei -k?Moo-pa or roi-k5?Mob-pa nand jai -k5?

MoC-pa ha'Z kuera

directed discourse

1. E-po,.andil

2 Fe-poranal

3. E-porandilL. E-porand55. E-porandil

6. E-porandil

iatzE2WAIE

Moo-pa hace*kuAra of -k6?Moo-pa pee'pe-k6?Moo-pa nde rei -k6?Moo-pa. Carlos

-Mob-pa nand?Mob pa xe ha Gladys roi-k6:4

X4 ai-k6 .Paragugi=pe,HF:6 of -k6 Paragu4i-pe,Dr6 ParagUgi-pe.Pe4 pei-k5 Paregug.i-pe.Nand' jai-k5 Paragugd-ne.Ha'e kuera of -k^ Parag,igi-p

Tjc,:e Phase

'name)-pe o.-k5-pa Californ a-pe.1 xu-p4 nr"c. pa bi-k6..

xe-ve moO'paond4 rei-k5,or4-ve M:pa roi-k6c(,name) -pe xe Utah -p

moc pa xe

lc Ask (name) if he 11,,e in Co1-;rado,

7. Ask him where he live."3, Ask if rname lives :n Coloradc.4, Ask him where (nam,..''iLives,

5. Ask name and (name if they live in Utah.

6. Ask me if you live in Chicago.7. Find out who lives in Florida.


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Cycle 9

Manipulation Phase

rode:

At -k? mcre-nte I live (am) just fine.

TO THE STUDENT: -Ik5.also means to '3e getting along° or 'Doing! as in

'I'm getting along flne, 'I'm doing fine.' etc.

patterned response

Nde-pa rei-k8 pore?Ha'&-pa of -k5 pore?Pee "pa pel-k8 pore?Ore-pa rol-kO pore.?i;ande-pa jai-k6 pork?Carlos-pa of -k6 pork?

model

Mba'e ixa-pa rei-k5?

repetition or conversion

Hge, ai-k5 pore-nte.Hee, of -k.o pore. rite.

Hee, roi-k25 por. -nte.Hee, pei-kO pores -nte.

Hee, jai-kO pore. -nte.

Hee, of -ka porgy: -nte.

How are (you) living (doing)?

Xna'e nde rei-k6?Mba."_4 ixa pa ha'e

Mba'e ixa'pa pee pei-k5?Mba'e ixa-pa ha'i kuera-ci-k6?Mba'e ixa-pa rarlos of -k5?

Mba'e ixa-pa hard jai-k6?

(Add the correct pronoun at the end:Example: a) Mba'e rei-kei?

b) Mba'e ixa-pa rei-k6 nde?)


A. fxa na re.-k6?3. Al-k5 p->::-a-nte, ±a n(16?

A, ppra-nte aveT

Eow are (you) doing?I'm doing just fine. And you?I'm doing just fine too.

Use Phase

dire,-ed

1> E-poranthl :name) -pe mba'e ixa-pa2. E-porandil '.7xu-pe mba'8 ixa-pa oi-k6 karat Gomez.

E-morand=:1 x6-ve mba';i1 ai-k64. E-b-Drandl x6-v. mba.'4 :xa-na of -k5 ha'e kuera.

interpreting

1 Ask now I am2. Ask enamel h.a am,

3. Ask ri.ame) how '7ar::s and Gladys are.4. Ask how I study Gua:-an.,

5, Ask what my name :s.

6, Ha-e ame) ask b'w name) is-7. (..aname) as whs.' you name ls-

anprpriate reF-tor e

1. Mba e :xa-pa2, (Nameta p-ra?

3. Mba:6 ixa'pa r>a"e kuera.oi-k5?4. Pei-kuai-Pa mba16 Ixa-pa oi-k6 (name)?5. Rei-kua5.'pa rid.6 pora-pa ha'6?


translation

1. Eo'aga a-studig bins.Pfl .Mba'4-pa re-studig hina ko'aga?3. Mba'A-pa pej-it'hna?4. Nand habe'e.hTna guarani-me.5 Car2Ds:1-ne' hina ingies-Te.6. Nand& tia-"I; ve.erl guarani-me.7. Ore ro-studi'a va.era ko'aga,

8. Ja-stwiig py hand& avei.

9. X4 a-he'e-s4 guarani'-me. .

10. Mo"(5-pande res+adia-eg guarani?

11. Carlos oi-kuag guarani.-

12. Nand pore Marla-pe.

13 Ndg-pa rei-kuag Julia-pe?14. Org Denver-pe.

15. Morpa of -k5 hate?

16. Mba'g lxapa pe-k5 pe'e?17. Roi-k5 pore -nte...

Mba'4 !xa-pa nde-sera?Xe-;4ra Bob.

Now I'm studying.What are you.studying now?what are you-all saying?We (incl) are speaking in Guarani.Carlos is talking in English.We (incl) ought to talk in Guarani.We (excl) ought to study now.Let's us study then too.I want to speak in Guarani.Where do you want to study Guaranf.?Carlos knows Guarani.We (incl) know Maria well.Do you know JuliesWe (excl) live in Denver.Where does he livk?How are you -all getting along?We're getting along just fine.What's your name?My name is Bob.


1. Nde-pa re-stud.:4. tofna karat ne'e ko'aga?

.2. Mba'4"pa hina':

3. Ndg-ma-re-he e aveT nna guaran -me?4. .Nandg-pa ja-s`. udia guarani?

5. Ha'g-pa o-ne'e vaera ko'sge6. Mba'4-pa pe=stuia "a .era ko-Eiga?

7, Nde-pa guarani?

8, Pee-pa pe-e-se guarani-me?9. Mba'e-pa er-,5.-s4 guarani-me.

10. MoO-pa re-stilAia-se guarani?

11, Ndepa rei-kuag Carlos-pe?12. Nandg-pa jai-kuag guarani.13. Nde'pa rel-kuaA porn inglgs?

1L, Nd4-pa rei-kuaa pore portugugs.

15. Mo8-pa rei-k5 ndg?16. Ndg-pa rei-k6 Paragugi-pe?17, Mba'g ixapa pel-k5 pee?18. Rei-k5 porA-nte-pa?19. Cap-). Ds -pa of -k5 pora-nte?

20. Mbalg ixa-pa nde-rgraY

21. 2e'_ -kusa'pa xara! Carlos Espfnola-pe?

22. Me` -pa o-Mba,sp5 hina ko'age

23 Fe-mba.ap6-pa ndg aver Utah-peY

24. Nd8-pa rei-ko-s4 Paragugi-pe?25. Pe-karil-pa cafeteria-pe sera hotel-pe?


Cycle 10

Manipulation Phase

:7

Xe Nueue- York gug. I'm from New York. (or: I'm

a New Yorker.),

Xg Cuerp7 de Paz-Pe glIg I'm a volunteer of (from in

voluntaric. the Peace Corps.

TO THE STUDENT: Fug 'mens 'from' or of in the sence of 'terived from

or originating partaining to.' Gug most frequently translates as

de fn Spansh-

patterned resPtt-se,

Ndg-pa Paraguz gu57Ha'g-pa Paragua: gug?Ore -pa Bolivia gug7Xe-pa a-pe g+; a?

Pee pa Cuerp-7, Paz-pe gug?

model'

Nandniri, xe Norteamerica gug.

Mo5 gu.g pa nde?

Mba'e-pe gug-ma nde'

Where are you from?

What are you associatedwith?

Use Phase


1. Mo6 gug-pa nde?

2. Ms5 Asa -pa Ca:los?3. gug-pa ha-4?

4, Boston gug'pa nde?5. Xg a-pe gug, ajg:pa?

6, Nande Cuerpc de Paz -pe gug volunt4rio kugra, aje-pa?

7, XgNISTA-pe gug voluntaric, ajg'pa?

8. Mba'e-pe gug organisaci5n-pa ha'6?


REINFORCrovvNT STAGE

Games and Contests

WHO, WHERE and WHAT

Half the class (the 'outsiders') leaves the

room. The other s+t.dents (the 'insiders.)

are e ch assigned five characteristics:

1. a new name (ndg nd 4.tra John

2. an activity

3. a place

4. a desired e,ctivity

5. a place

re- studies hina dormitorio-pe

re-mba.apo-s6 cafeteria-pe

The -outsiders' are then called back Ingo the

room. Each one pairs off with one 'insider'and tries to get the five characteristics assmoothly as possible

Role Playing

One minute is given for each student to prepare to answer questions

about:

(1) his name.

(2) where he lives.

(3) what he studies.

(4) where he studies.

(5) how he studies.

(6) what he is studying now.

(7) at he should be studying.

(8) whether he knows Portuguese


(9) where he works.

(10) where re eats.

Then eafn. student paired with another and they play the role of meeting

ft- 'he ttme.

iou have chosen a place to study. Get your friend to study with you

Finti out what =your friend is studying and tell him what Ire ought to study

n...)w a= 1. .=,13. aF what y-,u. are studying.

Asl!. one claFs member tow the other members and groups of members live

using all knnwn prnnouns,Mba4 ixa-pa'rei-ko

of -k6 et

"n."4,4140

Jos Martinez, avy- Jos Martinez, I'm glad to know

L________

model

rose a-press.nta-5,g td6 ve petel Jose, I'd like to introduce a

xe-amigc:

-----model

friend of mine:

1

Juan Gonzaleiigualmente. Juan Gonzalez, here.

A. Jose, a-presenta-s4 ride-ye peter . e - azn g o

B.. ...Tos4 Martinez, a-vy'a vD,

C. - Juan Gonzalez, igua.'mente.


0REVIEW STAGE

Translation

A. How (are you)?B. Just fine. And you?

A. Just 1:ne too.

A. What's your name?B. My name's Mr. (name).- And you?

A. My name's Mr. (name).

B. happy to knowyou.

A. Are you - studying Guarani?

B. Yes, I'm studying Guarani:A. Are you studying English too?B. No. He's studying English.

A. Are you talking in tnglish?B. 'No, we're talking in Guarani.

A. In Guarani? That's good.

A. Study:

B. (Who) meY

A. You.

A. Study!

B. (Who) us?

A. You.

A. Listen a bit.

B. Me? I'm listening.

A.. Alberto should be studying Spanish

B. And what should we be studying?

A. We should be studying Guarani.

A. Where do you want to study Guarani?

B. I want to study (it) at'school.A. Let'6 study then.

A. Do you know Carlos?B. Yes, I know him well.

A. How are (you) doing?B. I'm doing just fine. And-you?

A. I'm doing just fine too.


moistening In

A, Re-l'i.e'e-pe ni:na guaranI-me ko'ilga?

B. Upe ixa hina.A. Rei-kuad.pa mba'e ixa-pa 'mosca' guarani-me?B. Nahandri. Br mi xe-ve.

.Mosca'3, Mteril.

A. Oi-por'd. Re -Here pore.

Rei-ko porepa Paragugi-pe?B. Upe ixa hina.

Ai-ko pord xe-gusta iterei.

Pronunciation Practice

Stress

A. Arg AraKarat Kargi.

Peing. PeinaAina Aina

B. Kuhg Kuide-karatKarat Karal-fie'e0-studies 0-stadia-seO,; -apo 0j-apo-se0 -hugs. 0-bl:1ga-se

0-scrivi 0-scrivi-se0-lee 0-lee-se

° 0-He'e 0-fi7e'e-se

I-pore _I -pyre mi

Pe-hendil Pe-hendumiA-mba.ap6 A-mbe..apOse

Xe a -bugs. beisbOl. Ha nde?Ha he.'4?

Ha nee?Ha xe?Aa nde ha ha' e?Ha Carlos ha Juan?

Ha nde.ha Carlos?

Supplementary Practice

Xe a-hugg beisbol aver.Ha'e o-hugg beisbol aver.Or ro-hugg beisbol avei.Nde re-hugg beisbol aver,Or ro-hugg beisbol avei.Carlos ha Juan o-hugg beisbolavei.

Or ro-hugg beisbol avei.


Ha xe?Ha .:.11ady ha juana?

Juana o-hugg beisbol. Ha nde?Carlos ha Gladys o-hugg beisbol.Ha pee?Ha xe''

Ndgre-hugg beisbol. Ha xe?Or ro-hugg beisbol.. Ha pee?Carlos o-hugg b;isbol. Ha pee?

Xe a-hugg beisbol g-pe. Ha nde?

Nde re-hugg beisbol . -pe. Ha fie?

Carlos o-hugg beisbol g-pe. Ha Pee?Carlos ha 4 ro-hUgg beisbol a -pe.Ha nde?Peg pe-hugg bEllsbol g-pe, Ha Carlos?Carlos ha Juan o-huga beisbol a -pe.Ha pre?

Ha Carlos?Ha xe ha Juan'?Or ro-hugg beisbol g-pe. -Ha pea?Peg pe-ftugg.g-De. Ha ha'6?Ha xe?

Xe a-hugg beisbol pe-pe. Ha nde?Nde re-hugg bgisbol p6-pe. Ha Carlos?Or& ro-hugg beisbol pe-pe. Ha pee?Pee pe-hugg beistbl pe-pe. Ha xe?Carlos ha jusn o-hugg beisbol pe-pe.'Ha ndeY.

Ha ore?

Xe a-hugg beisbol pe-pe. Ha ha'5?Nde re-hugg. beisbol pe-pe. Ha xe?Xe ha Carlos ro-hugg.beisbol pe-pe.Ha peg?Or ro-hugg beisbol pe-pe. Ha nde?Pee pe-huggbeisbol pe-pe. Ha oreR

GZ

,:de re-hugg beisbol avel.Gladys ha Juana o-hugg beisbolaver.

Xe a-hugg pelota.

Or ro-hugg pelota.Nde re-hugg pelota avel.Ndg re -hugs. pelota.

Or ro,hugg. pelota.

Ore ro-hugs. pelota.

A-jugg g-peRe-pugg g7pe avel.Ro-hugg 6-pe avel.

A-hugg g-pe avel.07huggl-pe

Pe-hugg g-pe avei.

0-hugg"g-pe avel.Pe-hugg a -pe avel..

Ro-hugg g7pe avel.U-hugg a -pe avei.Re-hugg g-pe aver.

Xe a-hugg beisbol pe-pe avel.Carlos o-huga pg-pe avel.Or ro-hugs. De-Pe avel.Nde re-hugg'belabol pe-pe avel.

Xe a-hugg pe-pe avel.Peg pe-hugg pe-pe aver.

O-hug g bgisbol pe-pe.Re-hugg pe-pe avel.

P--hugg pe-pe avel.gg pe-pe avel.

P--augg pe-pe avel.


COPL., E."AGE

ManiaLLon Phase

model

63

Ai-potg. petei lapis._

substitution

CP,T1 word

lapis

Oga (house)

voleto-

carro (ox cart)

vosg (bolsa)

.sapatd ((shoe)

camisf

palangana (tub)

substitution

".4.4=11.

wantr s.

pattern

petei lapis.'

Ai-potg peter, CiE2,

Ai-potg peter voleto.

Ai-potg petei carro.

Ai-potg peter vosg.

Ai-potg petei sapatil.

Ai-potg. petei camisS.

Ai-pota palangana.

- ,xe Xe ai.,-potg peter voleto.ndg Nde rei-potg peter voleto.bee lia."6 oi-potg peter voleto.or Gre roi-pote. petel voleto.Ean4e Nande jai-potg petei-voleto.pee Pee pei-potg pets voleto. -

haq' ku4ra ia'e kuera oi-potg peter voleto.


.44

repetition- conversion

1.' Ai-pot & petei livro. --Mba'e?

Xe ai-potg petzl livro.

2. Oi-poi:g petPi palangana. --Mba'e?

lia-24 oi-potg peter palangana.

3. ,Roi-potg petel Biblia. --Mbale?

Or roi-pot& peter Biblia.

4. Rei-potg peter vaca. --Mba'e?Pe4 pei-pota- peter 'vaca.

5, Rei-potg peter cavagi. --Mbate?

Nde'rei-potg peter cavaji.

6., Jai-pot& peter ovexg. ---Mbate?Nandi jai-pot g petei ovexg.

.loatterned response

1. Pei -pot pa peter. lapis? Nahaniri..

livro.

Xe ai-potg peter.

2. Oi-potg-pa peter lapis? Nandniri.livro.

Hate oi-potg peter.

3. Pei-potgpa petel lapis? Nahaniri.livro.

Or roi-potg peter

4. Roi-potg-pa peter lapis? Nahaniri.livro..

Pee pei-potg petei

1.

2.

Rei-potg-pa peter livro?

Pei -pot pa peter livro?

Nahaniri.lapis.,

Nahaniri.lapis.

Xe ai-potg petql

Or roi-potg peter

3. 0i7potg7pa peter livro?lapis.

Ha'e oi-pota peter


:model

ti

Mbalepa rei-pote ?. What do you want ?

221;terned response

Mba.e pa rei-potg ?

(choose either alternative)

Petei lapis-pa tera peter livro ?

Ai-potg peter livro.

_.'6-pa rei-potg ? Peter carta-pa tera peter voleto ?

Mba'e-pa nde rei-potg ? Peter 6ga -pa tera peter carro ?

Mba'e^pa ha'e oi-potg

Mba-e-pa pee pei-P-otg ?

Mba'e'pa fiande jad-pbtg

listeninz for comprehension

aetei sapatii tera peter camisa ?

Petei vosa pai.tera peter voleto ?

Peter coche-pa tera petei 6ga ?ft

Juan Perez oik6 Los Angeles-pe ha o-mba,ap6 Hollywood-pe,-ParantStudios-pe. Ha'e of -pots peter 6ga Hollywood-pe.

Jose Garcia of -k6 Hollywood-pe ha o-mba.ap6 Los Angeles-pe. Ha'eoi-pota petei coch6-

appropriate reszial

1. Moo-pa of -kc'.1 Juan Perez ?

2. Ha morpa o-nata.ap6 ?

3. Mba'e-pa ha'e o.--Pote 9.

L. Oi-4-pa Jose Garc:::a Los Angeles-pe aver

5. Oi-potg-pa ha'e peter 6ga Lc_ Angeles-pe

6. Mba'e^pa nde rei-potg 9

7. Mob-pa rei-potg peti 6ga 9


Cycle. 5

Mani_pulatior/7hase

model

a-jepoh6i hina ko'ai3a its. Ii wasting hands right no

substitution

jepoh6i

- purah61 (sThe

karil

kt5 (sleep)

makanegi (fool ar--)nd)

pytu'u (re-st)

.-jemoh6i hIna

a-purah6i hina ko'Ea

hina it.

a-kg 7n a ko'aa ite.

a-makane5.. hina koia-ga

a-1:ytu'u hina

natterned resnonse (choose either alternative)

Mba°6a rej-ap6 hTha Fe-purahei-pa hina.t&ra-na re-tudig. ?

Mbapa rej-ap6 hina Re-mba.apA'na hina tra-na re-mai,.anea hina ?

Mba"6-pa rej-ap', '7;inP 9 R,.-jepoh6i-pa hina t'era-t re-puran: hina ?

:Ibe'pa rej-an6 hina ? hIna talral-p.are-Dytu.',u hIna ?


Use Phase

cii course

E-porandli (gra) -pe irbate-pa oj-api5 hina.0-1e6--oa hina tera-Pa o-scrivi hina ?

E-porandil (;.6ra)-pe mba'e-pa oj-ap60-mba.ap6-pa hina o-ke hina ?

3. E-porandu (-Egza)-De oj-ap6 hina.0-stud= 7.Pa hina tera-pa o-hugg. hina ?

Y. E-porandi:i ii.gra)-pe mba'e-Pa oj-ap6 hina.

0-make-leg-pa hina tera-pa o-pytu'u hina ?

F-poranel (tera)-pe mba'l-pa Jj-an6 hina.'0-jepnhei-pa hinP t'era-pa hina ?

model

Cycle

Manipulation Phase

Mbai.g-pa ta ko'ero ? What will you do tomorrow ?

model

Kr) erc a-studig ta. Tomorrow. I'll study.

Future action:(will, going to, etc.) ib expressedby ta after the -VERB.

69Hosted for free on livelingua.com

6e

aialo

A. Mbate-pa rej-ap6 hina ? What are you doing ?

B. A-studies hina uarani. I'm studying Guarani.

A. Mba'g-pa rej -ap6 ta kotero ? Wh7t are you going to dotomorrow?

B. Kotero a.;-studig ta guarani I'm going to study Guarani

aver. tomorrow too.

patterned response

Mbaig-pa rej-ap6 ? Re-studig to ?

Hee, ko'aro a-Ltue:g ta,

Ha mbeg"pa re- studies f a ? Guarani-pa ?

Hee, a-studig ta guarani.etc.

Ha mba'g7pa ha° c oj-ap6 ta ko'eroHa'g o-studies ta guarani aver.

etc.

Mbale-pa rej-ap6 ta Lules ? Re-leg to ?

Hee, lunes a-leg ta.

Ha Mba°4-pa re-leg 'a 'Patel livro-pa tara petei revista ?

A-leg ta peteiE

Ha mba'g-pa ha'g of -ap6. ta lunes ?Ha'g o-leg ta netei lirro aver.

etc.

Mbaig-pa rej-ap6 ta martes ? Re-scr.,v1 ta-pa ?

Hee, martes a-scrivi ta.

Ha mba'g-pa re-scrivr ta ? Petei carta-pa ?

Hee, a-scrivi ta peter cartL.etc. .

9Mbee-pa rej-ap6 ta savado ? Rej,ap6 tq. pastel ?

-!


directed discourse

Use Phase

(free response)

1. E7porandil (igra)-pe mba'e-pa of -aD6 ta ko'ero.

E-porandil ( ;era) -pe mbatg-pa o-stuaig ta lures.2.

3. E-porandU

E-porandil

5. E- porand

6. E- porand

7. E-porandil

8. E-porandia

9. E- porand

10. E-perandu

etc.

interpreting

(i.era)-pe o-scrivf ta domingo.

(+Ara)-pe Mba"e-pa o-lee ta viernes.

(-tera)-pe o-studig to guarani jueves.

(sgra)-pe of -ap6 ta-pa pastel ko'ero.

(feral -pe of -ap6 ta-pa pastel ko"dr° tera-pa lures.

(tera)-pe o-scrivi ta-pa carta ko'ra tera ko'ero.

(tera)-pe o-pytu'u ta-pa ko'aga tare. ko'ero.

Cgra)-pe o-h guarani clase-oe ko'dro.

1. Have (name) ask (name) if he's going to study tomorrow.

2. Have (name) ask (name) if Ile's going to eat in the hotel on Sunday.

3. Have (name) ask (name) if he's going to work in the cafeteria on Saturday.

4. Have (name) ask (name) if he's going to rest in the barber shop or in the

hospital.

etc,

listening for comprehension.

Carlos o-pytu'u Nina dormitorio-pe. Ko'aga ha'6 pero o-hugg

pelota cancha-pe. Ko'(3ro domingo, ha na'e o-k6 ta.



1. Mba'g-pa oj-am5 hina Carlos ?

2. Moo-pa o-pytu'u ?

3. Mba'&-pa oj-apo-se ?

4. Mba'e-pa oj-ap5 va.er& ?

5. Moo" pa o-hugg va.era pel6ta:??

6. Mba'g-pa oj-ap5 to ko'ero ?

7. Mba'g-pa ndg rej-ap6 hina ?

8. Ha mba'g-pa rej-apo-sg ko'ero ?

9. Rej-ap6 ta-pa pastel sgvado ?

10. Mbatg-pa rej-ap6 hina ?,Re-mba.ap6-pa hina tera-pa re-hugg hina ?

11. Re-studig-pa hina tera-pa re-makaneg hina ?

12. Re-hendia-pa hina tera-pa re-ke hina ?

13. Re-purahgi-pa hina tara-pa re-sapukgi hina ?

14. Re-pensg-pa hina tera-pa re-karil hina ?

15. Mba'g-pa rej-4o-sg hina ? Rei-Mba.apo-se-pa tera-pa re-hiaga-sg ?

16. Rerke-sg-pa rera-pa re-karu-sg ?

17. Re-jepohei-se-pa tera-pa re-karu-sg ?

18. He-Ota-sg-pa t7.1ra-pa re -se -se

19. Re-makanea-sg-pa ter-a-pa re-stadia -sg ?

20. Rej-apo-sg-pa pa 1 tera-pa re-fie'e-se guarani ?


Cycle 7

Manipulation Phase

model

7/

Ara e"pa pei-pot g aj-apc5? What do you-all want me to do?

TO ThE STUDENT: Study the folldwing sentences.

Rei-note a-studig.Rei-potg xe a-studies.

Ai-potg re-Ee'e.Ai-potg ride re-ne'e.

You want me to study.You want me to study.

I want you to speak.I want you to speak.

Ha'g oi-potg roj-ap6. . He wants us tb do it.ha'g of -potg ore raj -ape5. He wants us'to do it.

Sometimes the pronoun is put in for emphasis.

translation

1. What do you want me to do? Mba-g-pa rel-potg. ajap6.9

2. What do you want me to do? Mba'4-pa rei-potg x4 aj-apc5?

3. What do you want me to study? Mbaig-pa rei-potg a-studies?

4. What do you want bim to study? Mbaig-pa rei-potg haeg o-studies?

5. What does he want you to read? Mba'e-pa oi-potg nag re-leg?

patterned response

model: Ai-potg re-Le'e guarani-me clase-pe. A-fie-hea ta.

drill: Ai-potg pe-te'e guarani-me clase-pe.Ai-potg o-ne'e guarani -me clase-pe,

Ro-fie'e ta.

0-he'e ta,


model: Oi-pc.tg ha-flay& guarani-me.

drill: Oi-potg. re=he'e guarani-me.Oi-pots ro-hat& guarani -me.Oi-pots pe-hen& guarani-me.

Na -fiefe ta.

7Z

1. k-he'& ta ingles-ne. NahAniri, Ai-potg re-fiet& guarani-me.

2. Ro-tiet& ta ingles-pe. NahAniri. Ai-potg pa4fie'e guarani-ma.

3. 0-he'& ta inglgs-pe. Nahamiri. Ai-potr. o-fia'é guarani-me.

A-fieY& ta inglev-pe. Oi-potg re-fi guarani -me.

0, Ro-he'a ta inglgs-pa. Nahaniri. Oi-potg pe-fiete guarani-me.

3. Na -heY& ta, ingles-pe. Nananiri. Oi-potg fia-fia'& guarani -me.

(answer affirmatively)

Jose o-rnktneg Nina, Rei-pc.i-p

Junn o-ke hIna- Rei-potg7pa

Carlos o-pytu'u. Rai-potg'pz -mba.at6 ?

Roberto o-jepohei. Rei7potg-pa ?

kzxls o-purahei. Rei-nctg'pa c4d.rirI ?

1. Mba-e-pa rei-potg aj-apb ?

2._ MbaYe-pa re -pota\roj-ap6 ?

3. rei-potg of -api5 ?

Ai-potg re-fie.& guarani-me.

Ai-potg pe-fia'6 guarani-me,

Ai -po = o-Re'e guaru4I-me.


73

1. Mba'e-pa pei-ootg, ro Roi-potg pe;-_fie'e guarani-me.

2. pei-pot's Roi-poig guarani-me.

3. Mbee-pa pei-potg aj--.,,1,6 Ttoi-potg re-fie'e guarani-me.

Use Phase

directed discourse

1. E-porandil (;.era,;-pe mbs'e-pe )3.-potg rejap6.

2. E-1.rorandl 1-potg. xe aj-ap6.

3. E-poranda lxu-oe mba'e- a-studig.

E-porandil xe-ve mba'e-T,a ii -potg nde rej-ap6.

E-Po:andil xg-ve haie oi-ootg xe aj-apO.

interpretin

1. Ask (name) wL1r.t, he; wants ycu to do.

2. Ask (name) what he wants us to do.

3. Ask (na.n, shat I want him to do.

4. Ask me what I want him to do.

/.

5. Have (name) (name) what I want you to do.

6. Have .name) az-_k (name) what he wants him to-do:

7. Have (i.:71e) ask me what You want him to do.

8. Have (name) ask you what you want us to do.

9. Ask (name) if he wants you to study.

10. Ask (name) if I want you to study.

11. .Ask (name) if he wants me to study.

12. Ask (name) if we want you-all to study.

13. Have (name) ask (name) if he wants him to work.


14. Have (name) ask (name) if he wants you to work.

15. Have (name) ask me if you want him to work.

16. Have (name) ask you if you want us to work.

Cycle 8

Manipulation Phase

model

I

.E-ii6 e Doi ore-ve guarani-me.

74

Talk to us a little in Guarani.

TO THE STUDENT: The suffix -De, used to mark direct and indirect objectof persons, changes to 7-ve after the four pronouns xe, ore, fiande and nde,giving the forms xe-ve, ore-ve, fiande-ve, and nde-ve.

translation

1. You will talk to us in Guarani. Re-he'& ta ore-ve guarani-me.

2. You will talk to me in Guarani. Re-he'e ta xe-ve guarani-me.

3. Talk to us a little in English. E-Iii°e mi ore-ve ingles-pe.

4. Talk to me in Guarani. E-fie"e" x6-ve guarani-me.

q.. T will talk to you. A-fiete ta. nde-ve.

6., Carlos will talk to is (incl).VP.

Carlos o-'ne1.6 ta fiande-ve.

7. Who will talk to Carlos? Mtiva-pa c-fiete ta Carlcs-pe?

76


1.1

model

Mba'e-pa rei-Dota ha' 'el.pee-me? What do you want me to say toyou?

TO THE STUDENT: The suffix -21 changes to -me after a stressed nasal vowel,(a, 6, etc. '}. One example of this is peLsIg 'to you-all'.

The VERB -6 'tell; say' is an example of a verb class characterized by astem consisting of a single vowel.

1, ha-'4 f, ro-'eja-'5

-2. er-e

17-

IDei-g

3. hP-'I

translation

1. What do you want me to tell Carlos? Mba'4-pa rei-Dotg ha-'e Carlos-pe?

2. What do you want Carlos to tell me? Mba'g-pa rei-potg Carlos he-'lxe-ve?

3. What do you want him to tell you? Mba'e^pa reipotgndg-ve?

L What does he want you to tell me? Mba'e-pa oi-potti ride er-e xe-ve?,

5, What does he want me to tell nate-pa oi-potg xe ha-'e pee-me?you -all?

77


I

Use Phase

dialog

76

Mba'e-pa pei-pota 64-ap6?

Or4 re-h4ndu-sa guarani.ml ore -ve guarani-me.

Mbea-pa ha-'e pee-me?

Er-e ml ore-ve mob-pa rei-k6.

Al-k6 a-pe.

What to you-all want me to do?

We want to listen to Guarani.Speak to us in Guarani.

What do you want me to tell yoU?

Tell us where you live.

I live here.

directed discourse

1. E-porandri (tera)-De mba'a-pa oi-Pota nde er-e ixu-pe.

2. E-porandil it;ral-pe mba'rba of -pota have ixu-pe.

3. E-porandri xe-vP Mba-a-pa ai-pota er-e xe-ve.

k. E-porandil ixa-pe kuera mba'e-pa oi-pota pee Dej-e.

5. E-porandU (5re)-De oi-pot.a-pa x6 ha'a ixu-pe.

6. E-poranda xa-ve al-pota-pa er-e Carlos-pe.

dialog

E-jerarg (Sera)-pe peter lapis.

(tare.), e-me't xa-ve peter lapis.

Na ape.

Ask (name) for a pencil.

(Name), give me a pehcil.

Here you are.


peteT kuatig.

-1-a'-pe mokOi lapis.

° =Ito: kuatig.'

71-me e x=--e

-.n*ertret17-2g

DItse a 'nm1-2,-e' .que sP ie pida a (nombre) una cosa.

e-7.

ADD-:criatF, resc.:nse

M1:a*.1-pa a-mee nde-ve?

2 M:-..a'4-pri a-me'e (T-g.ra)-pe?

Mba'"4'?: (±4ral-pe

p.1 ha_ rde'!-vp petei mba'L:?

Td. ha- m7s'o pa ai-k5?

77


Cycle 9

Manipulation Phase

model

I

.

Ha'ehe-'T 'su-..'I. ai-kO e-pe." He said, "I live !lere,"

TO THE STUDENT i_adicates RECENT PAST; It is used generally

in statement ;z mater than in Questions. NOTE: hina can occur after kurl.

Ha'6 bine. He was recently saying.

translaticn

He said, "N="

I said,

I studied.

I was studying.

You are reading.

He was speaking Guaran:-

model

(use,the RECENT PAST tense)

Ha'e he-'i kurl,

Xe ha-'e kurl, "NahanirL"

Xe a-studies kurl.

Xe 2-..7studies kurl hina.

Nde re-lee kuri hina.

Ha's, o-cie'e kurl .r7na guarani.

Mba'e-Pa he- Wliat did he say?

Ti-IE STUDENT- re ..-e: is used in questions referrin3 to past time. Acutally

It =s uE,;?7i when the a:1-ion referred to in the sentence was 7.ot witnessed

or cannot be certlf:ed tzy the spe(:-..er. He,ce 1 :'Curs typically, but not

exlus,-rely, in quest'..Dns'.

So


translation

That. d.d he d-? Mba'e pa oj-ap6 ra.e?

r::=a-37 Mba'e-ma o=-le e ra/e?

1,That, did yr,1, Wrir Mba'e-pa re-S'crivi-ra.e?

Whet eav? Mba'e-pa ha-'e ra.e?

msttneri- Y.esmorse

Mbe e'pe er-4 re,4?

2. Mba-e-pa ra.e?

3. Mba'e-pa rae?

4. rPM

5. Mbafe-p= ra.e?

6. Mba'epa is re o?

Xe ha-'e kuri, "Nahaniri."

Nde er-e kuri, "Nahaniri."

Ha'e he-'1 kuri, "Nahaniri."

Ore ro-ie kurl, "Nahaniri."

Pee pej-e kuri, "Nahaniri."

Mande ja-' e kuri, "Nahaniri."

dirertrj.

E-mcfz1 mba'e-pa xe

2. E-pra7 xe-ve mba'e'pa xe ha-'e ra.e.

3. E-morendri f )-pe mba'e-pa ra.e.

4. E-porandu (tera)-pe ra.e.

5--11-porandr2 xe-e Carlos pa o-he'e ra.e hIna ingles.

interpreting.

J.. Ask !name) what he said.

2 Ae? (nam!.. what t Fair!.

Pran> 'ack (:Iume what he said

what T. said.it

'-=m- a y w:-.at Carlos said.


ir

Cycle IC

Manipulation Phase

nu-Jdel

1---- Ha76 he- kurl hg g-oe, He said that he lives here.

TO THE STUDENT: aDntrast direct- with indirect quotation.

Direct: klr, "Ai-k6 g-pe.Indirect= he-'i oi-ko hg g-pe.

Dire: He- kurl, "A-kard hina,"Ine:irect: ku±1 o-kart. hIna.

Dire. et: 7r-6 kurt. "A-studig guaraLI."re-stadia ha guaran:T.

Direct: Ha-'6Indirect: Ha-76 irurl hg.

reDetition

kurl oi-ko h,g Paragi-De.Ha- kuri ai-ko ng Pa:aguL.-pe.Er-6 kurl.rei-k(, rig. Para.i-De.Pej-6 kuri pei-koRo- 6 kuri roi-ko Paragug:-De,a-=6 kur?: ;;ai-ko ng Para,sug-l-pc.

2aIterned resoonse

1. Mba.76 pa he-7-1.

2. Mba76-pa er-6

3. Mba7-da ha-'6 r2,&?

.. Aba74-pa

5. Mba.'"4-3Da,

6. 4'-

He said, "I live here."He said that he lives here.

kuri oi-ko hg

Ha- .,.. kuri 01-40 na a-,e

Er-4 kuri rei-kc hg

kuri roi-ko hg g-pe.

Fej-6 kurl pe:-ko hg g-pe.

Ja-'6 kurl hg g-te.


cch-ersio%

Carlos kur!, "a-ne.:e

Carlos kuri o-te'e na guarani.

kur !, "A-jeDoh6i hina."kar! o-je-cohe'i hl hina.

"kr!, "A-purahei-kuag."a.'4 he-': kur! o-purahei-kuaa ha.

H k:;.rI, "A-stadia-se guarani"kurl hg guarani.

X4 ha-'6 kurl, cafeteria-De."kur_ a-karu hg cafeteria-De.

.Y.4 ha- kar!, "A-raba,ap5 embajada-ze.".-'e kurl a-mba.aDo hg embajada-me.

no-'4 kur!. hina ko'ga"Ho-'4 kur tg hIna ko't26'a

i;d4 er-4 kur!, "Ai -pot a. livro.

kure hg De el livro.

er-e kar.1, "Aj-ap,5 to pastel.lr-e kur! rej-z]-,5 ÷a hg pas-el

er-4 kur!, "A-scrivl va era."lour! re-scrivi va.era ha.

ro-'4 karl, "Ro-ke-s4-ko'gra,".re

o-'4 kur! ro-ke-se ha L:o'gra.

directed discourse and stay- ale.,.

--goa'6?

- -Mbar e?

- -Mbafe?

- -Mba'6?

--Mb aig?

- -Mba'e?

- -Mba'6?

--Mba'e?

- -Mba'6?

--_Mb a'e?

1. (David e-porand. (Jose)-pe mba'g-na c-scrivi ra.e hina.

David: os4. mba14-Da rt-scrivl ra.e hina?

Jos4: A-scrivi kuri petel carta.0-porancE5, kuri mba'4-Da ha'e o-scrivi ra.e hina.

hg: Clase, mba'4 David o-porandru ra.e Jose-pe?

Clase: 0-porandfi ku-41 mbare-pa ha"e o-scrivi-ra,e hina.

ZoC'e hg: Ha, Maria, mba'e-pa Jose ra.e David-pe?

kur o-c. r!v hg h.-The retel Carta,, .

hg: Clase, ,Jos? ra.e David-pe?

Clase: kur! -scr!vi na hina petel carte,.

MbO'e hg:

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2, ::-porandu terai-pe mba'6 ixa pa oi-kO.

A. Mba.'6 ixe-pa.rei-k6?Ai-k6 porn -nte.

Teacher:C. HareTeacher:D. Ha'6

Mba..6-pa (sera) o-porandd ra.e (Sera) -pe?o-porandd kurl mba'6 ixa-pa (t6ra) of -k6?

Ha mba'6-pa ha'e he-'1 ra.e?kuri of -kO pores ha..?

3. 'F.-porn rdd ku6ra oi-k6-na Paragu&i-pe?

Pe-k6.na Paragug.i-ne?b.\ Hee, roi-k6 Paraguli-pe.

Teacher: Mba'6-pa (-Egra) o-porandd ra.e (-Z4ra)-ne?

C, Ha:6 o-porandd kurl of -k6-pa ha'e ki46ra Paragu5d-ne?

Teacher: Ha mba'6-pa ha'e ku6ra he-'1 ra,e?

D. He'e.,ku5ra ne-'' kurl oi-ko ha Paragugd-pe.

Cycle 11

Manipulation Stage

model

Ikati5'ba a -se e karal-ne"e-me? May I speak in Spanish?

0 TEE STUDENT: Ikatd is .equivalent to 'it is possible' or 'it is allowed'.

It is frequently translated 'can' or 'may', Study the additional examples.

Ikatd a-le6.Tkatd re-scrivf,Ikatd tie - studi ..

IkatdIkatd nd6 re-ae.e.

I can read, (can--am allowed to)

You may write.You-all, may study.

I can do it, (can--am able to)

You may speak.

NOTE that the pronoun may be put in for emphasis- Ikatd is not used to

mean he able to' in the sense of 'know how to', only in the sense of

'be capable to',


patterned response

model: Mbasepa ikatd rej-ap6?ikatd a-he'e ingles.

What can you do?I can _peak EnElish.

Mbate-pa ikatd aj-ap6?Ikatd re-he'e ingles.

drill: Mba'e-ra ikatd rej-ap6?Ikatd a-he'e ingles..

Mbase'pa ikatd jaj-ap6?ikatd he-ne'e ingles.

Aba'e-pa is e.t u roj-ap6?

ikata pe-ne'e ingles.

Mbage-ra pj-ao6 hase kuera?

ikatd ingles.

patterned response

Mba:e-Pa ikatd rej-ap6?Ikata-pa re-He'e ingles?Hee, ikatd a-he'e ingles.

drill: 1. Mb-se"peikatd rej-ap6?Ikata-pa re-scrivl petel carta?Hee, ikatd a-scrivi petel car-a.

2, Mba-e-pa ikatd rejc.a.p6?

ikata-pa re-purahei?

3. :4ba'e-pa ikata 4-ap6?Ikatd-pa a-studig?

goase-pa ikatd aj-ap6?a-jepohei?

5. Mba'e-pa ikatd roj-ap6?

6. Mbase-pa ikatd pej-ap6?ikatd^pa pej-4 kuera?

(In the sense: 'we are at the

end of our rope. Vhat can

you do ?' Que puede pacer'?')'


directed discourse and app..,n,late response

1. E-porandil (*.'4,ra)-pe mba'g-pa ikatil of -ap6.

2. E-perandil '*era) -Pe ikatil-pa xe a-studies cafeteria -pe.

3. 1,,5')C Da ikela F2a-mba.apO?

Cycle 12

Manipulation Stage

model

84

A-Fie 6-k-lag guarani, pero I know how to talk Guarani,

mixi mi-nte, but only a little.

model

Re-ne'e-kuag-pa guarani? Do you know how to talk Guarani?

TO THE STUDENT! VERB-kuag is equivalent to 'know how to VERB'. It is

frequenly translated by 'can' or 'be able to'. Study the additional

examples-

k=purah.ei-kuag.A-lee-kual,Ha'e o-jerokS'r-kuag.

I know how to sing.I can read.He knows how dance.

Be careful to distinguish between -kuag and ikatla. Both are translated by

'can', but they mean different things.

IkatS a-studies- I can study. (can in the sense'am able to, caneable of )

A-studia-kuag. I cd.n study. (can in thc senseof 'knot' how to')

..)(1

ReMeMber that ikatil also has the meanirg 'be alloWed to'.


as

patterned response (answer a -matively)

model: Nde-pa re-heq-ku-a;1 karai -rye' e?A-fie'Ye'-kuag, pero mixi mi-nte.

drill: Nde-pa re-lee-kuag. guarani-me?A-lee-kua5, pero

Hs.""pa o-scrivi-kue!

Pee-pa me-purahei-kuag?

.ande pa fia-fieq-kuag. 61--r- -me?

directed discourse and appropriv-e:

1. E-porandil (-Eera' -pe tba'epa

2. E-porandil (-t.era)-pe o-Heq-kuag.'pa guarani.

3 E-porandil (tera)-pe x6-ta a-h4'e"-kuag. guarani aveT.

E-pdrandil ndli-pa re-he'

Mtiva-pa - p -1r ,?

6. Mava-pa o-jerokk,:ag';

di aI

-kuag, 7ue.rani axe!.

a-He'e

,rE. Re-He'e-kuag-pa guarani?

,:.

. A-He'e-kual, pero mixi mi-nte,

B. La gente kugra o-hZ.ar6 rehe'L5guarani -me.

La up6 ixa rd, a-de-ha'a toa-he'e guarani-me.

I speak in S:danish?

eDo you know .o speakGuar -..n?

I do, but only a little.

Th people expect you speakGuaa7qni.

In that case 7' . try to speakGuarani .

a


ers

I want house and a car.

franera*ion

1. Al-pot g Detei 6ga ha net ii

2. Mba.e"papel-potg pe&: ;Whatde7'ycv. (pi) want?

3. Ore rni-no-"g petei livro.Werant a book.

4 Mba e-ca 7-ej-ap6 bine.?What are you doing?

5. Mba'e-pa re -ap6 to ko'ero? '::hat will you do tomorrow?

6. Ko'ero a-fie".e. va.ere. peterTomorrow I have to speak in

escuela-pe. school.

T. Er-e mi xa-pe uera mo"5-i)a

re-k5

Tell them where you live.

8. E-porandil xe-ve mob'pa Ask rtF whre I live.

9. Mbe.:6-na he-"TWhat did he spy?

10. He-'i 1+-r-1" oi-ko hg a -pe.Ee said that he lives n

11. Mba'e-ba he-"1" ra.e Whatdic a sad to (t1)?

Ore-ve-pa? Ore-ve kurl To us? He tole us that he

-oi-ko hg Provo -De. lives a Provo.

13. Ikatli-pa inglgs C:n, I speak English in class?

14. Nahaniri. Re-he ;

guarani.

1,To. You should speak Guarani,

15. Re-fie' e-kuare-pa karat-re 'e? Can you speak Spanish?

16 pero mixi mi-hte. I can, but onl:) littLe.

IT. Xe a-fie"e avei mixi mi,I can speak a little too.

18. Mba'e'pa re-potg aj-ap6

ko'liga?

What Jo yni want me to do now?

19, ;Ko'&ga ite a-stadia-se guarani. Right *_ow T want you to study

Guw:ani.


97

appr-oriate responze

Carlos oi-potg petei lapis. Ha nde-pa, mba'e rei-potg?

e pa .-ape hina?

Xba'era of -ap6 nines ha 'e?

L. 0-studi3 "pa hina na..5?

5. Mbate'pa rej-ap6 kotero?

6. Hate-pa o-studies ta guarani ko'ero?

Mbate-Pa jaj-ap6 ta kotero?

8. Er-e44\ore-ve moo-pa rei-k6?

9.. . .

aE-poranau ixu-pe o l-ko.pa -pe.

10. E-porandr: xu-pe, mba'e'pa he-q-se nde-ve,

11. Mba'e-ps. ra e?

12. .MoO-pa ha'.4 kuri of -ko hg?

13 E-porandra kuera ikatra'pa re-ne'e ingles clase-pe,

24. Xe a-poran75 *a pee-me moo-pa pei-k5. Mbate-pa xe aj-ap6 ta?

15. Re-e!e"-kuag. karal-Fle'e?

16. Mbate-pa of -a-o6 hina hate kuera?

17. Pe-stildia-se-pa.guarani?

18. Xe a-nee-kuag. ingles, Pero mixi mi-rte. .Nde pa re-ne'e-kuag guarani?

15. Dande-pa Ha-Heti-kuag. guarani?

20. Nne"pa a-purahei?

21, ?ei-rot-pa a-jero4?'

22. Rei-pote.^-na a-mete nde-ve petei lapis?

23. Mbatepa nde rei-potg a-me' e nde-ve?

2/1, Mbale"pa nde rei-pots al-ap6 ko'aka itg?

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ge)

.25. Mba'g-pa j-i-ap ko'aga?

26. jand6-pa va.era guarani clase-pe?

translation as response model

Ar 1. Will you study in the library tonight?

A. Mba'.6-pa rei-kuga-se?

B. Ai-klAa-se re-studig ta-Pa biblibteca-pe ko pyhare.

An A-studig ta.

2, Did yoii study in the library last night?

A. Mba'6-pare-porandu-'e -xe-ye?

B. A-porandu-se re-studig-pa ra...e biblioteca-pe Inge-pyhar6.

A. A-studig kurl.

3. Shall we (inrl) in th,. cafeteria tomorrow?

4. Did you-all eat in the cafeteria yesterday?

5. Des Car17.s read day and n:;.t1;ht?

6. Will he wr.e a letter today?

7. Did you write a letter today?

8. S'ricuad I begini now?

9. Should we go to sleep now?

10. Did yol. go to sleep at 11?


ec

1 need a pencil.

Mba e pa er-e-se

B. Me.--e-s6 ai-koteve h',F1 tei lapis.

2. I want a book.

A. Mbee'pa -er-e-se x6-ve?

B. Ha-''e-se ai-DOta hg peter livro.

3. I will need a bicycle,

I will want a car.

5. 1 sc a snake

6. Rafael sees a girl ,

7. Maria saw a boy,

8. I heard a s.-.mg-

Cycle 13

Manipulation Phase

model

E--mbohasg. xe-ve peteiPass me a cup.


v? s': (glass)

servilleta

E-mbohasg xg-ve peter tgsa.

E-mbchasg xg-ve peter vgso.

E-mbohasg xg-ve petei servilleta.


Fc

model

E-mbo'rasgtPass me (some) water.


()kambl. (milk-)

juk"'Y (sall;)

asucg (sugar)pan (bread).

model

F

E-mbohasgE-mbohasgE-mbohasgE-mbohasgE-mbohasg

xe-ye jr%,

xe-ve.kanOug.

xg-ye asuca.xg-ve pan.

Mba"g-pa la rei-kotev& va? What is it you need?

Mba'gpa la rei-potg va? What is it you want?

dialog

Mba'6-pa la rei-koteve va?

E-mbohasg xe-ve jukl,

Na i-pe, (Here you are

-Use Phase


1. Mba=4'pa la rei-koteve" vs.?

2, Moa.-6-pa la rei-potg va?

3- Nfr,a'g-pa a ftra) oi-potg va?

Kba'g-pa'la (;:era) oi-koteve va?


x6-ve mba'g-pa la ai-potg va.la al-koteve va.

mbapg-pa la cli-koteve.va.mba'g-loa. la oi-koteve va.

tramr-) w^ a' is be wants.

Ask me wlia- 4.4- is T need.

Cycle 1-'-L

Manipulation Phase

model

47/

A. al9 pa.

.B -4 ma.

Ya estucLaste?

Ye.

7HE STF'ENT- The pis fix ma is equivalent to the Spanish except

that ma is. a o-s:'fx and can never sC:71.11' alone. Ma frequently translates

:n English 'afreadv Or by the present perfect tense. Other examples:

Ro-h,:g4 ma p..1c~a. We've played ball.

A-mba.ape: ma blr,a. I've been working.

.7.sat`erned resmc,nT-e

7:?°-6 MS OP" A-StUdig ma.

m.-karil ma Via_? A-karia ma.

2 7,---,=,n5-., ma =IRo-ceng ma.

,-)e-mba n":7-f) -?.-389 Ro-mba.apC ma.


model

A. R=z..-oenes to ma-pa? Ya cenargs?(Will you eat now?)

Uots A-karu-se ma. Si, ya auiero comer.(Yes, I want to eat now.)

7.1 TH_ STUDENT: In non-post .,:ontext, ma is often better transLated by 'now'.

The Spanish 7a is the perfect eauivalent.

model

A. Ne'' re- studies? Haven't you studied yet?

B, Ne'ira gueteri. Not yet.

substltuticn

(studig)ne'emba,ap6

Ne'ira-pa re- studies?

Ne'ira-pa re-Fle'"e'?

Ne'erLDa re-mba.ap6?

. Ne'ira-pa r..-h"e';:-kL-g?

-v-na.e-kuaa ma.

Ha o-Lie: Dora-pa?

Ne'ira gukeri.

Doesn't he know how to talk yet?

Yes he does.

And does he talk well?

Not yet,


-73

dialcz

'Ira gueteri ro-kara.

B. Pe-keru-*e ma-Da?

A. Rc-kgru-se ma.

C. Xe a-kart ma.

We haven't eaten yet.

You alit to eat now?

Yes we do.

have already eaten.

dialog

A. Nei:Ta-pa pe-seng?Have you-all eaten supper yet?

B. Ro-ceng ma, pero neIra zueteri We have already eaten Supper,

To-studig.but we haven't studied yet.

A. Ha Carlos'pa c-ceng ma? And has Carlos eaten supper

already?

B. 0-cehg ma ha o-s4-.1.1dig ma aver. He has already eaten supperand has already studied too.

Use Phase

listening for compreheLsion

Carl-)s Via Gladys o-r.!ena ma hg pero ne'Ira gueteri o-studig.

Bill ha aria kata ne'Ira gueteri pero .a'e kuera o-studig ma.

ppropriat: response

i. Nevira-pa Carlos ha Gladys o-ceng?

2- 0-ceng ma-pa Bill ha Marla avef?

etc,


Manipulation Phase

Cycle 15

model

94

0-je-scrivl upe ixa. is written like that.

0-jej-aPo ki5 ixa. It is done like this.

TO miiE STUDENT:

0-1,e-scriv4: 'is written', like o-le-'e 'is sa' ', is a

reflexive form exactly like its Spanish equivalent, 'se escribe'.

The reflexive form is made by inserting -je- between the pronounand the stem. (Pemember that 1 changes ton in a nasal environment.)

Note also the regularity of the reflexive form of J-VLP.BS and

I-vERBS%

c-je-studigo-jej-ap6o-jE4-kUag.

o-n? -he'e

o-e-aprendeo-he-noty

The particle ixa means ?like'.

re-karG. cavajil ixa-

Mba'e-ixa-pa ?

model

se estudiase hacese conor.e

se habiase aprende

siembra

Other examples:

You eat like a Horse.

Like what ?

rae la ha up:4i la juk. Primero se pone el aqua ydespues.la sal.

9 t".



Maria he-'I Carlos-Pe. "Moo'pa rei-k6 ?" to Carlos he-'i Maria-pa,"Ai-k5 Paraguei-pe, Ha nde ?" "Xe ai-kO Arizona-pe", he-'i Maria.


Mba'e-pa he-'I ra.e Maria ?Mba'4-pa ae-'I ra,e Carlos Maria-pe ?Morre oi kO Carlos ?Carlos he-'f kuri of -k"5 ha texas-pa. Aje-na ?

Moo oi-k6 ha-pa ne-'1 ra.e Maria ?

6

et


F6-

listening_ for comprehension

Carlos o-studies hina inglgs, kat-6:ga.

Ko'ero o-studies ta guarani ha o-fie'e ta portugues.


1. Mba'epa cj-apci hina Carlos?2. Mba'e-pa pej-ap6 hina ko'aga?3. Mba'4-pa of -ap5 ta ko'ero?4. Ea Maria? Mbe.'4-pa of -ape5 hina?

5. . Mba'e:.pa pj-ap&ta ko'ero?6., Ha nde?7.; Ha fiande?


Carlos be-'I Maria -pee1. Marfa, ai-potg re- studies guarani ko'ega, ha ko'ero ai-potg re- studies

karat-fie'e.

Maria .he-'i

2. Ko'.aga a-studies ta karat-fiere,ha ko'ero a.stadia-se guarani.


1. Mba'e-pa Carlos ai-potg of -ap6 Maria?2. Mba7e-pa oi-potg o-studig?3. Mha'g-pa oi-potg.oj-ap6 koie.-ta?L. Mba'e-pa oi-potg oj-ap6 ko'ero?5, MhaTe-pa he-'i Carlos Marlai-pe?6. Mbase-pa oj-apo-s4 Marfa?

7. Maria-pa o-stadia-s4 guarani ko'egaT8. Maria-pa o-he*:ndu-se karat -fie' e ko'ero?


t _

model

97

o-jej-ap6 ilacieva? -COmo se hace eso?

dialog

A. ixa-pa o-jej-ap6 ucgva?

B. 0-jej-ap6 k6 ixa.

A. 0-he-moi rae la g ha upei la joky.


98

REINFORCEMENT STAGE

Action Script

Los estudiant ser5.11 escogidos de acuerdo al criterio del profesor. Cada

uno de ello7 -berg tener'la oportunidad ae participar,intentando hacer

una demostrPx n de como se hace algo delante de.todos sentados en un

oausa del Paco vocabulario que aun poseen habrg mg.s intentos

de demostraciOnes gr.ificas. Esto traera mucnos simpgticos momentos que

debergin ser eplotados.

1. (Nra), e-porandra (gra)-pe mbasg ixa-pao-jeik6 vicicleta-pe.

Vic:ticleta-pe-o-jei-k6 pe-ixa....

2. Gera) , e-poranjU (.tera.)-pe mbaYg ixa-pa

o-ka-rd(tera) o-karia

3.

4.

5.

6.

por'a.

, mba' ixa-pa o-ne-maneha

Coche o-he-manena pg-ixa..:

, mba'6.1xa-pa o-je-purahei

0-je-piv-ahei a°-ixa...

, mb9'4 xa.pa p6lka.

,mbe'g ixa pa. o-he-te'e chino.Chine o-he-te'e pe-ixa...

.!..rente a los estudiantes.senrados en un semacT.rculo, el profesor imita en

pantominas ciertaicaracteristicas de acciones, animales o personas,

preguntando: Que 'animal hace asi? Habla asi? Canta b Quse haceasi? etc.

. .

Los estudiantes divididos en dos o mgs eauiPca.tratan de aar la respuesta

correcta dicj.endo 'As1-.hace el mono' o 'Asi.-se lee', 'Asi habla chino' etc.

El equipo con rags 'respuestas correctas es el ganador.

Profesor

P.

Mba'g mymba-pe oj-apb

Mba'-e-pa o-jej-ap6 pe-ixa (pantominas de aotos de leer, escribir, comer,

cantar, dormir; etc.)


3. ba!g mymba-pa o-karu

Mba'6 mymba-pa o-guata pg-ixa?

5. -Mba'g mymba-pa pe-ixa?

6. Mba'e he'e-pa pg-ixal (chino)

7, Mna'g pa o-je-q.1 pe-ixa?

-etc. .

Role Playing

1. You meet a person who speaks English very well. You compliment Him and

ask where he studied English. He replies that he learned in school.You ask where, and he says in a school in California,

/2._ You are asked if you speak Guarani. You admit that you speak

/just a

litte and say you want to know how to speak well. You ask how yOu

can learn to speak well. He tells you that you must speak day -and

night. You thank him..

j. You are asked what you want. You reply that you want a home in

a Paraguay and one also in New York: He is surprised and somewiat

disbelieving. You say, "Well, you asked me what I want." Then you

say you want-a farm in Brazil toe.


tO0

Concurso

Este es un concurs 7: de nreguntas.1. resbuestas. Se puede hacer formando uncirculo,'con el Maestro actuando,como animadcr. Porque-no darle el sabory animacsi5n de los c-moursos en la radio o televisiOn La competiciOn-ouede ser entre individuos o dos ecuipos.

1.. Maya-pa ve, Paragugi-pe tera-pa Texas?

2. Mbale-pa o-je-haga ve Estados Unidos-pe pelota-a tera-pa futbol?,

3. Mba'eixa-ba Ta.)-zan ;embireko?

,4. Mava-pa i -puku ye rio'Amazonepa tera-pa rlo Misissippi?

5. Mbate ixa-pa Sera ParagUgi presidente?

6. PedrO o-gUereko4petef tiES 'iera.va Juan. Juan, Pedro-ru hermano.Juan skdiera Maria. Mba'e ixa-pa Sera Pedro avuela?-

7 Oi mes o-guereko vs 30 dias ha 61 katia o-guereko va 31 dlas.Mbovg mes-pa ci o-guereko va 28 dlas? (Entero o-guereko 28 d5:a.s.

Pero febrero nd-c-guereko-iri 30.)

8. Mava-pa i-puku veAmerica del Norte-ba tens del Sur?

'9. Mbalei-pa un kilo mandyju-pa tra-pa un kilo plomo?

10. Mbate ixa-pa Sera pe+-ei karal Sendywipuku ha morotI va, i -kasc hai-camisa pytg va, ha i:=kyra va, mita kuera-pe o-gueru va cada ahoySeta mba'42,

11. Mba'e ixa-pa here peteT Meta i-po'i ha i-:puku va o-pytg va GceanoPacifico yke sr:?

12. Pee-Pa pei7kuaI petal' }CELT-al o-Hefre va hina kotaga pee=me -pe?

13. Alfredo Stroessner-pa Paragugi tera-pa Brasil presidente?

a.-Nde-ru era ro

,Francisco, ha nde-sk.-suegra Marla, mbale ixa-pa

Sera, la r.de-airJela?

15. Rei-koteve ro peter camisa centro-gui ha rei-kuag ro Carlos .o-ho toha centr -pe, mba'e ikatu er-a xu-ipe?

4

°


4

16 Carlos o-guereko irundS7 lapis -po-pe, o-mo-i 'betel livrc ha

mokoi tisa mesa ari ha pate: lapis Stlia Y,bovf,'

o-guereko i- po -pe?

17. Josg, Pedro-ru hermano, Pedro-sSrHrigra Juana, ha Juana -s; 1i4ra Marta--o

Mba'g ixa-pa hgra la Jose-hermano-avuela?

Una variaciOn de la.actividad arriba citada pod'r2'_a consistir en'lo

siguiente: '

Cuatro o moms estud4antes son escogidos. PodrT.a decirse a la clase: Estos

cuatro irg.n fuera del salon de clase por un minuto. Alli pensargn yescogergn una action determinada, c persona o animal al cual.parodiargn en

pantominas ante cada uno de Uds. dicndo: Que hace a.s5.? etc. Y Uds.

tratarin de adivinar lo aue astgr. haciendo, o a quien, o (Tueestg imitando.Cuando,e1 1-.)rimero de los cuartb estg a dentro los otros esperargn su turno'

afuera suuesivamente. Despugs qua los cuatro hallan salido pare escogei

su el profesor dirg a su'clase: Cuardo cada uno Vuelva aguY,y

actue en su papal ante,cada cual preguntanda por la identidad de lo clue

-imita NAME debe dar la respuesta correcta. ejemtIO, el primero

aue antra estg imdtAndo a un-momo la clase fingira tratar de adivinarlo

sin lograrlo,.de la siguieute manera: As hace un caballo, una vaca, un

tuerco, un burro, etc. Sin decir nunca lo crrectb: Que asl }ACE UN MONO.

sto pue-de continuarse por unos breyes morientbs r entoncesIse discubre el

.truao y se llama- afprOximo,

Haciendo Girar la Batelle..

Los aitudiantes se sie!ntan formando un amplio clrculo. El profesor o uno

'de los,estudiantes aueda en el,centro del c'rculo con una bOtella. Para

Comenzar el juego se hace girar la bol.'ella. La botella,va girando sola

hasta :jue a2 final perdido,"su'.impulso inicial cae- El estudiante frente a

ouien quedare apuntanac, la botella: se pararg en el centro del cT.rculo

diciendo: "Mba-epa pei-potg aj-apg?"

Clase:

Clase:

Mba'g-pa rej-apo kuag?-A-purankuag, a-lee-kuag, a-jerok'Y'-kuag.

etc.

Org roi-potg re-jerokS7.re-karil

etc.

re-he'e frances


/CZC.

Mba76-pa of -ap5 'nine?

Se divide la clase.e.r. dos equinos, A TB. Un miembrJpor vez de cadaequipo sierra -los ojos e imagine un acci6n determinada."Pedro" de equip,: A podrg imaginer lo siguiente:ESTCY LEYENDO UNA CAFTA. Entonces el eauino A pregunta en coro al B:

A Mba'g-pa cj-apO nine ha'e?

El- eauino B trate de adivinar to que "Pedro" ester imaginando hacer. Cadaequipo tiene derecho una c dos suposiciones por cada miembr de el.

. B. Ha'g o-lee hina.0-karil.hina cafeteria-pe.o-3erok5- nine.

o-studies hSna guarani.etc-.

El equipo que logra adivinar gana des puntos. Perosi, nor ejemplo, el .

equipo no ha lbgrado averigUar lo que en este caso "Pedro" estaba imaginando,"Pedro" lo direr. Si lo hace-en correct° guarani ganarg un punto pare suequipo: si ho, NADIE recibe punto y es el turno del equipo A intentaradivinar'lo que un miembro del equipo B imiginarg. Y asl sucesivamente.

College Bowl

Este es-un concurso de pre7untas y respuestas, Se puede hacer formando uncirculo, con el maes.tro.artuando comp animador. Porque no darle -1 Sabor yarlimaci6n de los concurscs en el radio o televisi5n. La competici5n puede

.-ser entre individuos o dos equinos.

1. Mba'e-pa c-ye-hugevg Estados-Unidos-pe pelota-pa tera-pa futbol?

2. Mbate ixa-pa iiera Tarzan Itembireko?

3. Mbate ixa-pa tiera Paragugi presidente?

4. Pedro o-guereko petel tiO-'era va Juan. Juan, Pedro-itu-hermano. Juan-s5 -Sera Maria. Mhag ixa7pa Ilgra Pedro-avuela? . -

5. Alfredo Stroessner-pa Paragugi t6ra-pa Brasil presidente?

6. Jose,. Pedro herMano, Pedro -O-Sera Juana, ha Juana-s3r.-Sera Marta.

Mba'e ixa-pa hera la Jose harmano avuela'


SmAC,IE

. Listening In

1. Moo-Da o--kard hale? Ha 'e o-:kard 1-De, ha o-studig De-De:

Mbale-pa o dig ha'? Ha' e o-studi. gurani.

2. Moo-oa 7hug g futbol? A-11e r.-hug g futbbl ha De-pe a-hug g

tenis. Pe-hug-pa futbol? Nananiri. Ro-hug. tenis.

3. A-pe-pa pe-kard Dee? ha David? Ha Divid o-kara-oe-pe.

Morpa o- aril Carlos? Carlos o-kard g-pe ha David pe-De.Ha nde? a-kard

5. CarlosCarlos o-studig ta zuarani. Mob-pa o-studig ta? Peter

universidad-De- Ha hde'pa mba- rej-ap5 ta? /

6. Kuehe a-studig.guaranl, este dia a-st.udig taXe katd kuehe a-mba-ap6 5ga-De

T: M'aate-ba lb is. Ha nde? Mba'e-Da re.-potg?

Xe ai-potg re-skard .-pe k5 pyhare..

8. Ikatd-oa azsdig, a=pe? Ikatd:' Nde-pa re-ne'e-kuaa ingies?

Hee, a--ne'e-kuag. Ikatd-pa a-t-e nde-ve ingleS-pe?

9. Er-e_Carlos-p: mia.4 ixa'pa? Ha mba-e-pa hae he-' ta xg-ve?

Ha'e tande-ve:

0. Mob-loa rei-k59 moo'pa rei-k6? te-nt..

Re-kard ma-pa? Nahaniri, ririra Ha ne'ira-Da re-i-ambosa?

A-rambosa ma-

1212. Mba'e-pa he-'1.-se 'horse'? he -se 'ca-.raju'.


/04,


A. Carlos ?

A. ixa-pa

B. I-porsi-rte Ha nde ?

A. per-nte, ave-.

B. Mba:g ?

A. I-para-nte

B. Moo-pa peg pe-karri ?

A. Ore-pa ? Xe a-karra A-pe, ha haie o-karrl

B. Xe a-karrl pe-pe aver.

A. -Mba'e ixa-oa 7'

B.

.A. nate

B. Xe-pa ? I-por1,-n.t.e. Ha nde ? ixa-pa ?

( A, I-porK-nte.

B. Mba'e ?

A, Moo-pa pee pe..-karra ?

B. Ore-pa ? X4 a-karra a -pe.

A. Ha have ?

B. 0-karia pe-p-.

A. Pe-pe-pa ?

B. Pe-pe. 1 t ?j -

A. Xe a-kar5 pe-pe avel.


/or

IV*1.1e1

Pronunciation Practice

, y-yrekahY, poq,-nyEY

pytY.myakY'

Intia1 mb

111134, mberia. mburil

mbyt'e,

ndaikuaeli, adorokuaL, nde, ndururiiii.ndyryry, ndikatdi


A. GUARANI - ENGLISH'

A

.Vocabulary

Units 1 - 5

Guarani- .EnglishEnglish - Guarani

A

106

a- 1st pers. sing.. pronoun prefix 3

agradece thank you 5

ajg-pe. right 4'

ak.& head 5 ,

alemgn German 4

amp there (over yonder), 4

afic-te certainly, surely 5

ange pyharg last night 4'.

a -pe .here 4

.a-pe to -nte right around,here 4

aprendg Vlearn 5

apysg ear .5

ara day 4

gra ha pyharg day and night

gri on tot of 5

asucg sugar 5

aver to, also 1

avuela grandmother 5

E -B

banco bank, bench

bgisbol.. baseball 4

Eiblia" Bible 5

biblioteca library 4

C

cacerola casserole 4

cada. every, each 3

cafeteria cafe 5 .

camisa shirt 5

cancha . 'playground 4


carro cart 5

pants 5

cavajil horse 5

cents to eat supper 5

chino Chinese 3

-lase class 4

c:che car 5

cocind kitchen 4

coladoc colander 4

cuaderno notebook 5

cuchara spoon 4

Cuerp, de Paz Peace Corps 4

D D

. doming() Sunday 5

dormitorio dormitory 4

-'e to say 1

- (singular command) 2

examen exam 5

excusado toilet 4

fgtqlca de acero steel mill 4

fos foro match 4

fubol football 4

G G

gracias tn- ak you 4

guts from, of 4

guarani Guarani 3

guatg to walk 5

gue-rek6 to have 5

gusty to like 4

ha and 2

hg to 5

hg that 4

ha,ar5 expect (esperar) 5

ha'e he, she 1

1 09 Hosted for free on livelingua.com

ha'e kuerahgrrahgrrobee.

he-9i-seEenddhendyvgSeraSPtd.

rata mba'6Sexg.

Sexaukghinah5, hghospitalhotelhugg

ikatdIkt3

Iko (viciclet&-pe)IkotevgIkuagingles

i-pores -nte

IpotgIpytyvoirundgite itere1(1)xu-pe(i)xu-Pe kuera

J

ja- (114-)

ja- (fie.- )

ja-hgJapOjaponesjavg-je- (-fie-)

jepe'g.

jepohei-jepopetejerokgjer

they 3

jug 4

pitcher 4

yes 3

it means 5

to listen 1

his beard 5

is called .(its name)

his country 5 .

many things 5

to see 4

to show 5

(progressive) 3

to go 5

hospital 4

hotel 4

to play

to be 5

it's possible, can, may 5

to live, to get along 3

to ride a bicycle 5

to need 5

to know 3

English 3

is thin 5

just fine 1

to want (something) 4

to help 4

four 2

(degree heightener) 5

him, her 3

to them 5

1st pers. plur. (flande) pron. pre.

let's 4

let's go; we go 5

to do, to make 3

Japanese 4

to miss(reflexive) 5

firewood 4

to flash hands 5

to Clap hands 5

to dance 5

to ask (pedir) 5


/0?

. /jevy again 1

jueves Thursday 5

jukg to kill 5 /kukSr sail. 5

juri mouth 5

K

-kakuagkambgkaratkarat -He'e

karil

kekiririko pyhare-ko'aga"ko'grako'eko'erokokuekOvakuagkuatigkuehekuerakuna karatkurikyrgkys4

to grow up 5

milk 5

Mr,.; gentleman 1

Spanish 3

to eat 4

to sleep 5

to be quiet 5

tonight 4

now 2

today 2

dawn; sunrise 5

tomorrow 5

farm 3

this one 4

to know how to 5

paper 5

yesterday 5

(pluralizeir) .3

'Mrs.; lady(recent past statements)thick; fat 5

knife 4

la gente uera the people 5

la up5 ixa .rd in that case- 5

lgpis pencil 4

lee to read 3

livro book 4

lures Monday 5

5

ma already;pres. perf.-tense 5

makaneg to fool around 5

m..3ndyju ,cotton 5

manehg to drive 5

mantel table clothmartes Tuesday 5

matemgticas mathematics, 4

mava-pa? I 1; who? whirqi one? 3_a_


mAva-pe-pa?mba.ap6mbate ixa-pa?mbate-pa?mba"e-pa he-Ti-se ue5va?mba'e-pe-pa?mberil

mb3'e hg, maestrombohaog.

mbohasgmbog? mbovg-pa?me'gMehicomesmesami

mixi mimotmokaimo3-Da?morotimymbg

N

na a -pe

nahgnirinabnda-i-pOri mbate re' pa

ndendg-vene'lra gutkerine Ira pa--nte..

ntende

Hand6Mande -ve

fie-ha'g

He-pyrafie'g

HotY

whom? 4

to (Drk 4

how (are you)? 1

what? 3

what does that mean? 5

in what? 3

fly 4

teacher 5

three .2

to pass 5

How much? - how many ?. 5

to give 5

Mexico 4

month 5

table 5

(command soften&r) 3

a little- 3

td put it; to supposetwo 2

where? 3

white 5

domestic animal 5

here you areno 1

-ear 5

5

don'.t mention it; you're welcomeyou; your 1

to you 5

not yet (statement)not yet (question)?just. (no mis) l

understand 4

N

we (incl) 3

to us (incl) 5

to try 5

to start 5

to speak; to talk 1

to plant 5

7 ;

lla


0

3rd pers. sing. & pl. pron. prefex 3

o-je-'g is said 4

2gahouse . 4

oi-pora that's fine 1

olla pan 4 .

ore we; our (excl) 1

ore -ve to us (excl) 5

organization organization 4

ovexg sheep '5

P p

Pa if; whether; (question marker) 1

palangana tub 5

pan bread 5

pastel -(meat) pie 5

pgy to wake up 5

-pe (-me) in; at; to 3

-pe.gug associated with; of 4

pe- 2nd pers. pl. pron. prefix

pe-- (plural command) 1

pe"(i you-all; your 1

pee-me to you-all 5

pelota ball 4

Peluqueria barbershoppg-pe there (close by) 4

pero but 4

peter one 2

peteI mba'g one thing 5

pgva that one 4

pisarrEin, blackboard 5

plato plate 4

plomo lead 5

p6. hand 5

pohgi heavy 5

polka, Polka 5

pord well; good 3

porandil to ask (preguntar)

porgugugs Portuguese 4

psicologfa psychology 4

pukil 'long -5

puralagi to sing 5

gr foot 5,

PY then 3

pyahia new 5 ,

pyharg night, 4

pyhare.vg. morning 5


nytg to stay; to remain; to be 5

nytg red 5.

to rest 5

rag first 4

ra.e* (recent past question) 5

rambosg to eat breakfast. 5

re- 2nd pers. sing. pronoun prefix 3

?embireko wife ' 5

reunion meeting 5

revista magazine 5

ro- 1st pers. pl. (ore) pron. prefix

ru (see ;A-Iva) -tour father 5.

ruso Russian 3

1/2

S

sapateriasanatil

sgvadoscrivi

...'VERB) -s4

servilletasillaso o

studigsuegra

totasatatgte-nte

tenedortgraiesg.

tiaatupa6±civa

tuvix6

S

shoeshop 4

shoe 5

Saturday 5

to write 4

to want to 3

napkin 5

chair 5

meat 3

to study 1

mother-in-law

T

(future tense marker) will 4

cup 5

fire. 4

just very 5

food ,4

fork 4or 2

eyes 5.

nose 5

chalkchurch 4

father 5

big 5

71. 4


,11 (v. intr.) to eat 3

universidad university 14

uO ixa hint yes; indeed 4

upgi afterwards; next; then 4o

va.eravai

vaso-vevicicletaviernesvoivoletovoluntariovorradorvosabrasero '

X

V

must; alight; should 3

bad; ujily 3

glass 5

mainly 3

bicycle. 5Friday 5

early 5

ticket 5

volunteer 4

eraser 5

bag 5

brazier 4

to be happy

x

xe I; my, 1

Xe-ve me 4

5

yk.,4 re7

Y

water 5

well; water hole 5

on (by) :the side' 5

/13


B. 'ENGLISH - GUARANI

a littleal":4..erwaras; next, then

again -

andanimal (domestic.'

pedir)ask, to 'preguntar'associated with; of

already; pres. perf, tense

B

bad; ugly.bagballbank; benchbarbershopbaseballBiblebicyclebizblackboard,bookbrasierbreadbut

cafecarcartcasserolechair_certainly; surelyChinesechurchto clap handsclass

colanderin that case

A

mixt mi 3.

upgi 4

jevg 1

ha 2

mymbg 5

jerurg 5

porandd 3

-pe gug 4

ma 5"

B

vai 3

vosg 5

pelota 4

banco 4peluoueria 4

beisbol 4

Biblia 5

vicicleta 5

tuvixg 5.

pisarrOn .5

livro 4

vraseropan 5

Pero 4

C

cafeteria IL

coche 5

carro 5

cacerola '4

silla 5.

ahe-te 5

chino 3

tupa6 4

lepopete(-lase 4

colador 4

la upe Lxa rib' 5

!f4


(command form plural)(command form singular)(command softener),`cotton

cus

D

danoe, todawn;sprisedayday and night(degree heightener)to do; to makedon't mention it; you're welcomedormitoryto drive

earearlyeat; toeat, `o (v. :rtr,)eat '.DreakfaSt,

at dinner, tcEnglisherasererr, tp;md, tr':=.every; eacnexamexpect (esperareyes

farmfir'

firewoodfirstfi-st pers. pl.(fiand4)-pron. prefixf4r,,t'pers.p1.(ore) pron. prefix

i,ers. sing. pron. prefixfly

foo'l

f:)ol around, to.

foot

make a mistake

7.

pe- 1

e- 2mi 3

, mandyjil

tgsa .5

D

jeroky 5

ko'e 5

gra 4 '

gra ha pyhareLte / iterei 5

nda-i-p6ri mba!4 re padormitorio' 4

manehg

E

nambl 5

voi" 5

karu . 4

-1il 3

rambosgceni 5

Ingle's 3

vorrador 5

Avg 5

cada 5

examen 5

ila.arb 5

tests

a.

kokug 3

tatg.jepe'grae 4

ja- (Ha-) 3

ro-a- 3

mberil 4

tembi-'11. 4

makane.q 5

.PS7 5

5


football fUbol 4

fork tenedor 4

four i rund 2

Friday viernes 5

from; cf gug 4

A

German alemg.n 4

giv, to me' e` 5,

glass vase 5

gc, to ho; ha 5

good; well port 3

grandmother avuela 5

grc kakuag 5

Guarani guarani 3

-...,

H H

hand DO 5

to have. gue-rek6 ,5

he; she ha'g % 1

head aka 5

hearing apysg 5

hea'7..--

pohgi . 5PO.

tell), :,) Ipytyva, 4

here a-pe 4

here ycu are na a -pe 5

him; her (i)xu-pe 4

his beard Sendyvg 5

his country Seta 5.

his name hera 4

horse cavagi ,5

hospital hospital:, .4

hOtel hotel 4

house 'Oga 4

how (are you)? mba'g ixa-Da?

how much? - how many? mbcg? - mbovg-pa?

I; my'n;

.is called (its name)is saidis thinit means ,

its possible; can; may

xe 1

:De (-me) 3

hgra 4

o-',.1e-'5 4

i-Do'i S

he-'i-se 5

katll 5


J

'Espanese

jugjustjust finejust very

J

japongs 4

hgrra. 4

-nte 4

i-Pora-nte 1

te-nte 5

K..._K

kill, to jukes 5

kitchen cooing. IF

knife kyle 4

_know, to Ikuaa 3

know how to, kuag 5

i.---

L L

last night ang.6 pyhaxg I+

lead: plomo 5

_learn, to anrendg: 5

let's ja- (fia-) L

-let's go; we_ go ja-hg 5

librasry biblioteca 4

like, to §ustg 4

listen,:to henel 1

live, to Ik6'.--

11ng puke 5

14 m

magazinemany :thingsmatchmathematicsmemeat(meat) piemeetingMexicomilkmouthmonth

a morningmother-inl-law

Mrs.; ladymust; ought; should

revista 5

rieta mba'g 5

fOsforo 4

matemgticas 4

xg-ve, 4

eso'6 3.

pastel 5

reuniOn 5

Mghico '4

kambS'r' 5.

jurii 5

mes 5

where ye 5 =

suegra 5

kuha karalva.era 3

/11


napkindeed, tonigh*

nonosenot yet (question)not yet (statement)notebook ,

now

0

on (by) the sideon top ofoneone thingororganization

pantspaperpass,. to

Peace Corpspencilpeople, thepitcherplant, .to

plateplay, toplayground(piuralizer)Polkapot(progressive)psyo'nology

put it, to; suppose, to

2:

(cuestion marker)quiet, to be

N

servilletaIkoteve 5

pyharg 4

nahaniri 1

ti 5

ne'ira-pa? 5

nelirague'tericuaderho' 5

ko'aga 2

0

ydg re 5

gri 5

Peter 2

netei mba'g 5

tera 2

or&_lisaciOn

caso 5

kuatig 5

mbohasg 5.

ruerpo de Paz 4

lgpia 4

la g'ente kugra

hbirro. 4

hoty 5

Plato 4

hugg 3,,

cancha 4

kugra 3

polka 5

olla 4

hina 3

Pisicologia 4

moi 5 .

pa 1

kirirT. 5

5

118


R,

J

read, to , lee 3

(recent. past question) ra.e 5

(recent past statement)- kurl 5

red Dyt3. 5

(reflexive) -je- (-fie-) 5

rest, to pytu'il 5

ride a bicycle, to Tk6 (vicicleta-pe) 5

right? . aje-pa 4

right around here a-De to -nte 4

Russian ruso 3

S

Saturdaysay, toschoolsecond pers. pl. pron. prefixsecond pers. sing. pron. prefixsee, tosheep ,/

shirtshoeshoeshopshow, tosing, tosleep, tOSpanishspeak, to; talk, tospoonstart, tostay, to; be, to; remain, tosteel millstudy, tosu _rSundaysurely, certainly

jukg 5

sgvado 5

1

escuela L

pe- 3

re-hexg 4

ovexg:camisg 5

sapatil

sapateria 4e .

hexauka 5-

puranel 5.kg 5.

karal-fiee 3

HPle 1

cuchara 4

fie-pyril. 5

pytg 5

fgbrica de acerostudies 1

asucg 5domingo 5

aile-te 5

table mesa 5

table cloth mantel 4

teacher mbO'e hg; maestro 5

thank you agradece, 5

thank you gracias

that. hg 4


that .7..ne

th,,..t's fine

thenthere (over yonder)-they

thick, fatthird pers. sing.',S, pl. pron. pref.

this onethz'ee

Thursday

to be-today

toilettomorrowtonightto; alsotr.:, to

tubTues't.ay

two.

understand,university

volunteer

w

wake up, towalk, towant (something), towant to (VERB)wash haLds, towaterwe; OUT (excl)we; our (incl)We71; water .holewhat?-7i.n what?

What toes that mean?where?whether; if

pfla 4

oi-por3. 1

3

pe-pe 4

ha'4,kuera 3

kyrg 5

o- 3

kOva 4

mbohapS: 2

jueves 5

voleto_ 5

5

ko'graexcusadokote."ro 5

do pyhare -4ave;' 1

fie-ha' E 5

palangana 5

martes 5

mokoi

:It'ende. 4

universidad

voluntario

Ar 5

guatg 5

ipotg(VERB)-;se

jepohei ' 5

5

or 1

and637-kug 5

ripate-pa? 3

mba'e-pe-pa?Mba':6-pa he-ti-s6 up a? 5

orpa?pa 4

/2O


white moron 5

who?; which one? mAva-ba? 3

whom? mEva-ce-pa? 4.

wife rembireko 5

will (future tense marker) to 4

work mba.ab6 4

would (uncertain futureY : ne 4

write, to scrivl 4

yes hge 3

yes indeed upe ixa Ninayesterday kuehe 5

you; your nde 1you-all; your beg 1

your father ru 5

your name nde-l-era 4


Subclements

New Vocabulary

banana pakovgbata':e jetS7

beans kumandg

cheeseccrn airs.':

cnipa.:nicken ryguasueggts) ryguasu rupi'a

fish birg

green melon mere hovS:

mean so"6

boilend mean so'Ci mimei

roasted meat so o ka'e

foodedibles jl va

;embyre

mandioo- mandi'5

-milk kamS4

onionpeanuts

saltwaterr ot water ,

yerba ka.g.

bone kangue

manduvi

jukS:

FOOD PREPARATION

ashes tanimbCa

tataindSr

carbOn tatapgi

fire to toknife- kyse

kindling (1.-71a) jepeig

oven tata7dug

sar.k (balsa) vosg'

smoke timb6

well 'Y"-kua

utensils poril

bucket baide

garbage ytk.

trash can yt alL)

HOUSE & SCHOOL ITEMS:-

broom typyx1

comb kY--gug

bed typgchair silla

table mesa

paper kuatigscissors jetabg

door oke

window wets., ventanaroomwall pare, tgoia

floor . pisoceiling or roofurn (cgntar,.;)

ANIMALS

animal ;:ymba

cow vacgbird guyrgcat mbarakajgchicken ryguas

alligator jakarg

dog jagug

duck YID6

frog ju'i

noat kavarg

Norse c,avaji

mount tendg

mule mburikg

ox gugi

monkey ka'l

pig kur5

texokambux.T.


mouse anguaja'5:

rat angujgsheet ovexg,

snake -. mbOitiger jaguaretefox aguargrabbit tapitl

CLOTHING

chothesblouse .

shirt.button

a6

vlusacamisgvot6

BODY PARTS

an jyvgchest pytilgeye(s) tesgtoe PYsafinger

okua'

face tovgfoor, Pgforehead syvghead akateeth -tai

throat ahy.75

esophagus tembi-'15. ;aSe

-(food-road)nose 'ticheek tova vke (face-side)

tongue kid

lip(s) tembeleg tetymgknee tety py1gheart py aneck ajtira

shoulder atilg

hand pc5

fingernail PYaPebody tete

1 9

PEOPLE

jboy mitalittle boy mita':girl mita kufig

sefiorita kuhataisenora kuEa karalsailor karalchild (to mother) membggirl child membST' kufig

boy child membY kuimba'eson (to father) talgradaughter (to father) tajgraman (varOn) kuimba'4mother sg P.

husband menatwife embirek6

INSECTS

cockroach taraveflea tungusil .

fly mberdbee eiruhive eira raitgwasp kgvaant tahgi

AGRICULTURE

crop k5gabranch yvyra ;akaroot yvyra rat()

trap yvyrgflower yvotgto blossom i-potgleaf togug

to leaf out noguerock itgsand yv'Y kull

earth yvg

mud tujTd

fruit yvgto bear fruit hi'-g


4.7

model

CORE STAGE

Manipulation Phase ,

Cycle

Ai-koteve ko livro.Ai-koteve De livro.

-

Ai-koteve amo livro.

I need this book.I need that (ese) book.I need that (aauel) book.

TO THE STUDENT: ko NOUN means 'this NOUN', De NOUN means 'that (ese)

NOUN', amo NOUN means 'that ( aauel) NOUN'.

substitution with point and say

livrocuadernokuatig. (paper)

mesasillatisa

rel6 _

estilfa (heater).

luslapisgrapisarrOn.

kuatig (paper)estilfa (heater)tisaDisarrOncuaderno

patterned response

1. Rei-kotevrpa ko 14is ?2. ko livro ?

3. ko cpsalisg

Ai-koteve pe livro.Ai-koteve pe cuaderno.Ai-koteve pe kuatig.Ai-kbteve pe mesa.Ai-koteve pe s:/.11a.

Ai-koteve pe tisa.

_Ai-koteveAi-koteveAi-koteve.Ai-koteveAi-koteve

Ai-koteveAi-koteveAi-koteveAi-koteveAi-koteve

tic) relO.

ko estrafa.

ko 115.s.

ko lapisgra.ko pisarrOn.

amo kuatig.am6 estUfa.amo tisa.amo DisarrOn.amo cuaderno.

Nahaniri. Ai-koteve pelgpis.pe livro.pe camisa.

g!"


/24-

ko sapatia ? De saaatd.

5. ko mesa ? ae mesa.

6. ReitDotg-Da pe rel6 ? Nandniri. Ai-Dotg amo re16.

7. De lds.? &mit lds.

S. pe sflla ? am8 sfila.

9. De estdfa-!? amo estdfa.

10. pe tisa ? amo tisa.

directed disco

1. E-porandd

2. E-porandd

3 E-porandd

E-porandd

5. E-porandd

6. 7-porandd

7. E-porandd

8. E-porandd

urse (with double check)

(-tgra)-pe oi-koteve-pa pe 14is.

oi-koteve-pa ko livro. .

(-teria)-Ye oi-koteve-pa pe lapis tera-pa am8 livro.

(tera)-pe oi-koteve-pa am5 rggla tera-pa ko kuatig.

(6ra)-pe oi-koteve-pa oi-potg ko mesa.

(gra)-pe mbaTe-pa oi-koteve.

(-tgra)-pe mava-pa oi-pota pe tisa.

(-:gra)-pe (gra)-pa oi-koteve pe


model

Roi-koteve umi livro.Roi.-koteve ko'a

/24

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

We need those books.We need these pencils.

TO THE STUDENT: i'mT is the plural form of 2.2.3 ko'a is the plural_

form of ko. Note that kuera is not used to

pluralize a noun after 11rIT or ko'a.

conversion

model: Xe ai-koteve pe livro. Xe ai-koteve u=i livro.

drill: Xe ai-koteve pe lapis.Xe ai-koteve me cuaderno.

Or roi-koteve ko livro.

Or roi-koteve ko 16is.Or roi-koteve ko cuaderno.

Xe ai-koteve umiXe ai-koteve um! cuaderno.

Ore roi-koteve ko'a livro.Ore roi-koteve ko'a lgpis.Ore roi-koteve isofa. cuaderno.

Cycle 3

Manipulation Phase

model

Mbale-pa rei-potg a-gueril nde-ve? What do you want me to bring you ?

O


/27

substitution

ague-ril Mba'-pa rei-Dotg ague-ril nde-ve ?

a-jugug (buy) Ybe.16-pa rei-potg a-jogug nde-ve

ague-rukg (send) Mba'6 ra rei-Doty ague-rukgpndg-ve ?

dialog;

A. Mbale-pa rei-potg ague-ril, What do you want me to bring you ?nde-ve ?

B. Egue-rii na xe-ve pe livro Please bring me that book and thoseha umi lgnis. Pencils.

Use Phase


1. Mba'g-pa rei-potg ague-ril nde-ve ?

2. Mba'g-pa.rei-notg rogue-i1

3. Nroa."6na nei-potg rogue-1-1i nee-me ?4. Mba"6-pa.nei-potg ague-ril pee-me ?

5. M-Pa'e-pa Carlos of -potg ague-rukg lxupg ?6. Mba"e-pa rei-potg_Carlos ogue-rukg nd6-ve

7. Mba'g-na rei-potg a-jogug ndg-ve ?S. Mba'e-na rei-potg ro-jogug nde-ve ?

directed discourse

1. E-porandu (sera) -pe mba'e-na oi-Dotg a-jogug Ixu-n6, kb re16-pate,ra pa pe collar ?

2. E-porandil (-tgr4-pe mbe.'4-Da oi-Dotg nde re-jogug

3. E-porandia (t6ra)-pe oi-potg-pa re-jogug Ixu-pe pe coche.

E-poranal ( ;era) -pe oi-Lkoteve-pa ko cavajli.

5. E-porandla (-7:era)-pe oi-notg-pa ko cavajtl. tera-pa pe coche.

-nr7

.1 2 '4


Cycle 4

ManiDulatibn Phase

/2?

Ai-potgko livro k6va.Ai-Dotg pe livro peva.Ai-potg am.6 livro amava.

want this book.want that book.

I want that book (yonder).

TO THE STUDENT: The phrase pe (NOUN) peva means 'that (NOUN)'; ko(NOUN) kOva means 'this (NOUN)'. These phrases -,arefrequent14 inverted peva De (NOUN), kOva ko (NOUN).

patterned response (Answer negatively, change this or these tothat or those and vice versa).

model: Rei-Dotg-pa pe livro peva? Nahaniri, ai-potg ko livro kOva.

Rei-potg'7'pa pe lalPis peva ? ,Nahaniri, ai-potg ko laSis kOva.

Rei-pot. Da pe kuatig peva ?

Rei-koteve-palw regla kOva ? -Nahaniri, ai-koteve pe regla peva.

Rei-koteva-pa ko tfsa kOva ?

Rei-koteva-pa ko cuaderno kOva ?

Pei-potgpa ko'avako'a livro ? Nahaniri, roi-potg umi livro umiva.

patterned response (choose either altel-hative)

1. Rei-potg-pa kOva ko 16is tara-pa amava

2. Rei-potg-Da peva pe livro tera-pa 'Viva ?

3. amava am8 kuatigt tiira-pa kOva ?

' 4. Rei-pot -pa peva tara-pa pe 6tro ?

5. Rei-potg-pa ko vorrador kOva tera-pa kt, 6tro ?


/, 29

od..1

Peva lapis. or Peva peter That one (is) a pencil.

TO THE STUDE:72: A modifier (such as amo, De, or.ko) plUs va may serveas a NOUN.

substitution

clip (paper clip)jd (needle)inimb6 (thread)voto (button)jetape. .(cissors)

model

KOva peter clip.KOva peter jd.KOva peter inimb6.KOva peter vot.O.

KOva petei jetaDe.

Mba'g-pa kOva ? _What ihithis ?

dialog

A. Mba'e-pa kiiva ?

B. Peva-Da ? Peva lfpis.

What's this ?

(.What) that ? That's a pencil.

Use Phase

directed dialog

1. E-porandia (-,era)-pe mba'e-pa Viva.

2. E-Dorandd (Sera)-Pe mba'e-pa peva.

3. E-porandd (era)-pe mba'e-pa amova.


Cycle 5

Manipulation Phase

model

/3E,

Peya-pa ? Hate la xe--.aril. (Who) him ?.Het,s my father.

70 THE STUDENT: Peva (that one) and kOva.are frequently used totranslate he or she in place of hare.

substitution

xe-ruxe-$g (mother)xe-avuelo

xe-primoxe7-sobrino

xe-socio (partner)

moral

Hate la xe-ru.-Hate la xe-sg.Hate la xe-avuelo.Hate la xe-tie.Hate la xe-primo.Ha'e la xe- sobrinc.Hate la xe-socio.

Mava-pa pe karal ? Who is that man (se or) ?

substitution

karal (gentleman)

kuHa (woman)

kull'a-karal (lady)

kuHatai (sehorita).mita (child)

mite-aria'g (young man)

mitali (boy)

mita-kufia'l

Maya-pa pe karal. ?

..Mava-na pe kuha ?Maya-pa pe kulia-karai ?Maya-pa pe kuhatai ?Maya-pa pe mita ?Mava-pa pe mite-karia'g ?Maya-pa pe mitati ?Maya-pa pe mita-kuRati ?


dialog

A. Mava-pa pe karal ?

B. Peva-pa ? Ha'e la xe-z7-ii.

Use Phase

directed discourse

1. E-porandil (Sera) -pe mava-pa amova.

2. E-porandil (Sera)-pe Carlos-pa amOva.

3. porandil (Sera)-pe mava-pa pe mita.

interpreting

1. Ask (name) who-that woman is

2. Have (name) ask (name) who I am.

3. Have (name) ask (name) if that is LBJ:

Cycle 6

Manipulation. Phase

model

/3/

e hera Rafael Espinosa. His name is Rafael Espinosa.

TO THE STUDENT: ,Sera is an RH factor word. Contrast the possessiveforms of regular (non RH factor) nouns with RH factor nouns.


/5Z

0,Ciivro) 'era 'name'

xe-livro xe-116ra

r.,--li%-ro .nde-17-5ra

cre-livro ore-r---a

Hande-livro Eadde-10-era, 0,

pende-livro pence-re=. ... ,

David-livro be-mi to -rera...

i-livro hera

RH factor nouns generally have three forms: an H-form when 'possessed'the third person pronoun (hera); an R-form whe7. 'possessed by any

'other pronoun (xe-reta) or by a noun (David-C.-eta); an unpossessed Cr

tas., form.

But for a very few exceptions (like La 'house') the base form of

RH factor nouns begins with t.

Since not all nouns that begin with t, r, or h are RH factor nouns, wehave RH factor nouns in the dictionary and for the first fe-.T times theyoccur it the units with the mark (0) over the initial; loth, xe-rota,:eta. As the RH alternation of each word becomes more familiar, we willdrop this mark.

model

1

Mbate ixa-pa 1°Iera 1pfr! karai ? What is that man's name ?

A. Mba' ixa-pa ilera pe karaT. ?

B. Ha'e 1°1.era Rafael Espinosa.

,


/.35

Cycle 7

Manipulation Phase

LKOva xe-livro. This (one) is my book.

70 THE STUDENT: Possession is formed by the possessor before the thing

to be possessed.1

model

Peva la xe-tiO-livro. That's my uncle's book.

TO THE STUDENT: la is often used before possessives.

model

KOva-pa la nde-livro. Is this your book ?

dialog

A. KOva-pa nde-lf.vro 7' Is this your book ?

B. NahKniri. Peva 7'1 se-ti6- No. That's my uncle'-s book.

livro. KOve xe,lvro. -This is my book.

model

Umiva la pende-livro kuera. Those are your books.

TO THE STUDENT: The possessive pronoun for 'you-all' (pee)_ is pende.

Note that the plural Pf Pe is umi.


ku6ra, 2hese are 'hocks, rirht

aj4 Da ?

c77'7- s.:1-6-a is similar 7,3 the 'r.^?' or 'vdad?' Sb hish.

Note that the -lural of ko is ko'L.

Ko-'1va cre-livro kuera, T

ix.? hina. UrrIva pende-livr° kua=ra.

nodel

Cycle 8

Manipulation P

Peva la i-aivro. That's his book.

TO THE STUDENT: Third person possessive (singular or plural) is formedby i before the noun to be possessed, if the noun beginswith a consonant.

repetition

1. KOva-pa nde-li-vro ?,-)

,.. KOva-pa nde-lapis ?Eva -pa nde-camis'el ?._,.

4. KOva-ba nae-sapatd ?

5. :Ova -pa nde-mes5. ?0

U


patterned.response

1. Kera-pa la2. KOva-pa la3. KEiva-pa la

4. KOva-pa la5. Kera-pa la

point and say

Kenra xe-livro.KOvaKOva xe-mesa.KOva xe-cotta.KOva xe-sapatil.

repetition

1. Umiva2. Umiva3. Umiva4. Umiva5. Umiva

nde-livro ?nde-camisg ?n4e-lgpis ?nde-saPatil ?

nde-mesa ?O

la pende-livro kuera.la pende7lapis kuera.la peuqe-camis'a. kuera.

la pende-sapata kuera.la riende-mesa kuera.

0

Nahaniri.Nahaniri.Nahaniri.Nahaniri.Nahani ri

Peva laPeva laPeva laPeva laPeva la

xe-tiO-camisg.xe-tiO-14is.xe-tia-sapatil.

xe-tici-mesg.


Cycle 9

Manipulation Phase

model

/56

KOva xe-mba'6. This is mine-.

TO TH7 STUDENT: Xe-mba'e literally means 'my thing', but is used whereraine' would be used in English. Similarly nde-mba'e

means 'yours', ore-mba'6 means 'ours' etc.

point and say

KOva xeLmbale

K5va i-mba'g

nde-mba'e

pende-mba'e

ore-mba'e

Hande-mbate

kuera

model

Mava-mba'e-pa nova ? Whose is this ?

TO THE STUDENT: :Sava -mbaye (;'pa) means 'whose'.

dialog

1

12n, Ava-mbaT4-pa kOva ?'B. P:r.va 1 7livro.

A. Milva-mba'e ?B. I-MbaTe. KOva xe-mbaTe.

Whose is this ?That's his book.whose ?His. This is mine.


/37

model

Peva ij4-kue.. That's his well.

TO THE STUDENT: In English when a word begins with a vowel, as in'apple', the indefinite article 'a' must be followedby 'n': 'AN apple'. In Guarani when a word bzgins witha vowel, such as k%-kue.2 the third person possessive

. form i must be followed by

model

KOva iH-amigo=? -kug. That's his friend's well.

model

KOva-pa la nde-amigo 4-kue. ?v. Is this your friend's well ?

dialog

A. KOva-pa la nde-amigo 4-kug ?

B. Nahaniri. Peva la ij4-kuL"(Ova in-amigo 4-kug.

Is this your friend's well

Nalaniri. His well that one.This is his friend's well.

repetition

Mg.va mba'e-pa "(Ova ?

ko'ava ?

Mava mba'e-pa umiva ?

peva ?


Patterned response

1. Mava mbate-pa kOva ? Peva xe-mbate.

2. Peva ? "{Ova xe-mbate.

3. umiva ? Ko'ava xe-mbate.

4. ko'ava ? Umiva, xe-mbate.

repetition

KOva ia-amigo÷kug.

saoatl..

igpis.

livro.

mesa.

KOva-pa la nde-amigo-S%-kug ?

camisg ?

sapata ?

mes5. ?

livro ?

lapis ?

patterned response

1. Kova"pa la nde-amigo-S?-kug ?

Nahaniri. Peva iii-amigo ÷kug.

2. camisg ?

camisg.

/3?


3.

4.

5.

sapatil ?

mesg?

livro ?

6. lgpis ?

sapat.

mesa.

liVro.

lgpis.

1. Ko'ava la ore-livro kugra, ajg-pa ?

J.. Nahaniri. Um/va la pende-livro kigra.

2. d ore-lapis krgra, ajrps. ?

2. Nananiri. Umtva la pende -1'pis kugra.

3. camisa ,

3. camisa

4. sapatl 0

sapatt

5. mesa ?

5. mesa

repetition

PgVa la i -livro.

/MEMOi-camisg.

dEll i-lgpis.i-sapat.

1=11

i-mesg.


Cycle 10

Manipulation Phase.

model

Oj-apo-pg ta o-studies mboyveguarani.

He'll finish it before hestudies Guarani.

substitution

0-studig guarani

0-scrivT. la carta

0-jep.ohei

model

0j-apo-pg ta o-studies mboyvg guarani.-

0j-apo-pg ta o-scrivf mboyvg la carta.

Oj-apo-pg ta o-jepohgi Mboyvg.

Oj-apo-pg kuri mboyvg

koig-pe.

He'inished it before-he camehere

substitution

ko'g-pe

u-se k0' agtil'i

0-man6

0j-apo-pg. kuri

0j-apo-pg kuri

0j-apo-pg kuri

patte:rned response

1. Carlos-pa oj-apo-pg ra.e o-/ mboyvg ko'g-pe ?

Hee,-oj-apo-pg kuri mboyve ko'g-pe.

2. David-pa oj-apo-pa ra.e o-se mboyve am3 gui ?

Jose-pa oj-apo-pg ra.e o- gua::e mboyve Paragugi-pe

4. Ndg7pa rej-apo-pg ra.e re -kart` Mooyve ?

o-u mboyve ko'g-pe..

o-se mboyvg ko'ggui

o-man3r mboyve.


/1/

5. Nde-pa rej7apo-pg ta re-kariimboyve ?

6. Nde-pa rej-apo-pg ta re-studig mboyvg ?

Use Phase

2propriate response

1. Mba'e-pa rej -apb va.ere re-kar1 mboyve ?

2. Mbale-pa rej-apb va.ere re-he mboyve Paragugi-pe ?

3. Mba'5.-pa re-aprendg va.ere re-jogug mboyv4 peter carro ?

4. Mba'e-pa er-e-se xe-ve re-se mboyve ko'agui ?

5. Mba'e-pa re-jagua-se re-he nicoyve nde-iloga-pe ?

6. Mba'e-pa rej-po-se re-mans mboyve ?

7. Xe a-jahil ma kurl aj-1 mboyve ko'g-pe. Ha ndg ?

a. Xe a-rambosg ma kurl aj-1 mboyve clase-pe. ha nde ?

9. Xe a-kg.ru-se a-ha mboyvg 6ga -pe. Ha nde

IO. Re-learu-se-pa re-studig mboyve guarani ko pyhare ?

11. Ja-cents ta-pa nde re -se mboyve ?

12. Mava-pa o-ho-se Paragugi-pe o-mana mboyve ?


Cycle 11

Manipulation Phase

. model

0- studies ta o-karra rir6. He'll study after he eats.

Substitution

00-karrl d-studies ta o-kart rire.-

v0-ke o-ke

.

C-Heno (go to bed) o-Heno .

0-pgy (wake up) o-pgy

0-pu'a get. up) o-pu'a .

.3-11 jevl (return) 0-la jevy

Patterned response-

1. o-studig ta rire

ee, b-studies ta o-kar rire.

2. ..;osefina-pa ta guarani o-ceng rire ?

.aMiguel-pa o-studies ta ingles o-u rire -pe ?

Ha'e-pa o-studies ta karal-HeTe o-guahe rire Paraguli-pe?

5. Nae pa re- studies ta guarani re-guahe rire amo ?

o. Nde-pa re-studig ta karii-He'e jevY rire Estados Unidos-pe ?

Carlos-pa o-studig ra.e rire ?

Hee, o-studig kurl o-karra rire.

2. Roberto-pa o-studig ra.e guarani b-ceng rire ?

:avid-pa o-studig ra.e ingles 0-11 rire 5.-6e ?

. :ode -pa re-studig ra.e karal-He'e re-guahe rire Paragugi-Te ?

5. Nde-pa re-studig ra.e guarani rej-a jev, rire Estados Unidos-pe ?

1 44Hosted for free on livelingua.com

/44.3

Use Phase


1. Mba"4-ta rej-apO ta re-guak4 rire Paragugi-pe ?

2. Mbeg-pa rej-apO ta rej-a jevy . rire Estados Unidos-pe ?

3. Mba'g-pa rej-apO ta re-karil rire ?

4. Mba'g-na rej-ap6 ra.e re-rambosg rire ?

5. Mba"4-pa re-leg ta re-fien6 rire ko pyharg ?

6. Mbaie-pa re-lee-se re-pgy rire ko"dro ?

7. Xg a-jahu-se a-hugg pelota rire. Ha ndg ?

8 Haig o-pytii!u-se o-mba.ap6. rire. Ha ndg ?

9. Mbe."4-pa rej-exo-sg re-rambosg rire ?

10. Ja-karil is Ea-mba.ap6 rire, ajg-pa ?

Cycle 12

Manipulation Phase

model

0-He'E arani-me o-kar(j. ajg. He speaks Guarani as he eats.


The words mbovvg, rir& and a'r3 are also used aspost-nositions after nouns or nominals. For example.

dlg.Se mboyv6

clue riceclIse ajg

xe-mboyvgxe-rir

substitution

before classafter classduring class

ahead of me,after me

O-He'"e" guarani o-kar',1 ajg..

3-mba.ape o-mba.ap6

0-kg c-kg

natterned resnonse

3-He'e-paguarani o-kartif ajg..He-e, o-He'74 guarani o-.:aril ajg.

0-He't-'4-pa guarani o-hugg ajg pelota ?

0-3e'rna guarani o-stud.244-aveZ-He'e ?

C.,-Heye to -pa guarani o-karil ajg. ?

ta-pa guarani o-k.el ajg. ?

o. 2,-Ee'rna ra.e guarani ajg. ?

0:-studig-pa ra.e guarani o- mba.apc ajg.

Use Phase


1. Mba'4-pa re-He'e re-karil ajg ?

2. Mbate-pa re-.^.e' e re-r2:a.ap6 ajg. ?

3. Mba!6-.pa rej-app re-jepohgi ajg_ ?guarani o- kg aja ?


appropriate

1. Mba'g-pa rej-ap6 clase mboyvg

2. Mba'g-pa rej-ap6 ra.e clase tboyVe kuehg ?

3. Mba'g-pa rej-ap6 clase

4. Mba'g-pa rej-apo-se clase rire kotro ?

rire ?

5. Ndg-pa re-fie'e ingles,clase ajg ?

patterns for study

a. ja-hgja-ha-pg !

b. ta-pe-h6ta-pe-ho-pg !

c. kurio-ho-pg kurl hikugi

d. tao-karu-pg ta hikugi

Cycle 13

let's go !

let's all go !

go !

all of you go !

he wentthey all went

he will eatthey will all eat

TO THE STUDENT:The verbs in the above expressions are intransitive; they do not take anobject. The suffix zpil in these intransitive verb expressions means tall'.

Hikugi is a plural marker used with verbs and implies a plural subject.

patterns for study

a. a7hexa-pg ma

a-hendu-pg la er-e va

've seen everything

I hear everything you say(I hear completely what you say)


peTu-t-i Please eat all the food.(Eat it completely.)

(d) .na la pende-

rembi-am6

Please do your work completely.(Please finish your work.

20 THE STUDENT: The verbs in the above expressions are transitive; they

take. or 'imply an object. The suffix -oa in these transitive verb ex-

pressions implies totality ('all', 'everything') or completeness,

exhaustiveness. Notice that aj-apo-pa (do all or complete doing) is

usually_translatable by 'finish'.

not cc:.fuse the suffix cf totality -pg with the auestion marker

enclitic ta. Both can occur together:

?e,:-apo-pg-ta Y.a.1? Dia you finish it?

Rej-apo-pg ta-pa? Will you finish it?

Dbserve the order of elements and the shifting of stress.

Flej-apo-rA:ta-pa?Rej-apo-ma-se -pa?

Rej-ato-ta-se ta-pa.

ta ma-pa?F.-apo-ta-se m1 ta ma-pa?

translation

o-ho-pg hikugic-h6 ta hl"Auiiku,5rm'

ta hikugi

'o-h6 ma hiWiaiLu_:".

c-ho-p g. ma hikugi

ta ma hd.41:14ikurzca.

o-ho-pa ta is hikugi

o-no-pa-sg.hikugi.o -ho -sue ta ma hikugi

c-no-pa sg ta ma hikagio-ho-par-sg ta ma-Da hikugi

o-no kurt hikuai

Will you finish it?Do you want to finih it?Will youwant to finish it?Will you want to finish it now?Would you like to finish itnow?

Manipulation Phase

they wentthey all wentthey will gothey will all gothey went alreadythey all wentalreadythey will go nowthey will :all go now

they want to.gothey all wart to gothey will want to go nowthey will all want to go :.ow.will they all want to go now?

L-4. they went (rot long ago)


o-ho-p& kurihikugio-ho-pg ma kur:.: hikugi

o-ho-pa-se ma kurt hikugio-ho-pa-se ma-pa ra.e hikugi ?

conversion (change to a question)

they all went (not long ago)they all went alreadythey all wanted to go alreadydid they all want to go already ?

o-ho-pg hikugio-ho-pg ta:hikugio-ho-pg ma hikugio-ho-pg ta ma hikugio-ho-pa-sg hikugi

.o-ho-pa-se ta hikugio-ho-pa-se ta ma hikugi

patterned response

0-ho-pg ma-pa nde-amigo .,kugra ?

2:' 0-u-pg,ma-pa nde-hermano)..)kugra ?

3. O-karu-pg ma-pa hikugi 7.:

4. 0-karu-pg ta ma-pa hikugi

5. Pee-pa pe-kar4-pg ta ma ?

6. Ja-kara-pa-s4 ma-pa ?

7 Pe7pytu'u-pg ma-pa ?

Ja-pytu'a-pa-se ma-pa ?

9. Ja-he-pa-se ta ma-pa?.

10. Pa-ho-pg to ma-pa?


1. Peepa,pe-ho-pg ta Paragugi-pe.

2. 0 -ho -pa ta pa hikual am8 aver ?

o-ho-p$ pikugi-pa ?o-ho-pg ta hikugi-pa ?o-ho -pg ma hikugi-pa ?

o-ho-pg ta ma hikugi-pe ?d-ho-pa-se hikugi-pa ?

.o-ho-pa-se ta hikugi-pa ?o-ho-pa-se ta ma hikugd-pa ?

Nee, o-ho-pg


batterns for study

'before (antes cue, antes de,''after" (despues que, desbues de)t'while; as; (mientras, todoel tiempo cue)'

k:"( va.erI a-karu mboyvL We must dance before we eat.

antLi ja-kar'a rare. We will sing after we eat.

/4?

A-st kurl hina guaran: a-karu a, a.__ »as studying C.aarani as ate.

THE S=ENT: In English the adverbial conunctions before, after,anu ethers occur at the beginning of a clause:

before we eat

after die

while, you study

eja-1.,:aru mooyv6

a -mans --re

re-stue4a

Cycle 15

Manipulation Phase

mode'

A-sta ve va.era. I have to study more.

TO THE STUDENT: 174 means 'more'. Note that it is uses virtually whenever

(more' could be used in English,

:1


Valve

A-stadia-seA-stadia-se ye

A-HE'e-se guarani'A-eq-se ve guarani

1,-6 cafe.

s0-2stitution

studi

He':e.

e' e` Dora

a -aD6 Das:ela-nendd rE _Lo

translation

.-stadia ve va.era guarani.2. A-a'e ve va.era.

A-hen du ve va.era radio.

Aj-lco ve va.era paste/.Ha-,!e va.era.

6. A-mba.aDo ve va.era.A-ke ve va.era.

model

Rz9

ug:ymore ugly (ugli^r)

I want to study.I want to study

I -ant to speak Guarani.I want to -peak more Guarani.

I want more coffee.

A-stadia ve' va.era.

A-fieee va.era.para ve va.era.

Aj-apo ve va.era pastel.A-hendu ve va.era radio.

I should study Guarani more.I should speak more.I should listen to the radiomore.I should make more meat pies.I should say mc--.I should workI should sleep more.

A-stadia ve rc, ikatd taa-Le'e pOra ye.

If I study more, I'll be ableto speak better.

TO THE STUDENT: ro, a short alternate of ramo, is a postfix which trans-lates to the conditional 'if'.

.A-Ee'7e--kuaa se rS, astadia ve va.era.

.A-stadia ve rc. a-prende ye ta.

A-prende ve ro, a-gana ve ta.

If I want to know how to speakI must study more.

If I study more, I'll learnmore

If I learn, I'll earn mcre.


P.e-He'g gualani.

_ an_ .

e tora-se guarani.

ccra-se ve

?.e-He'e cori-se ve ramo guarani

'g-kuaa pera-se ve rrmo guarani.

1- stadia ve ta a-ht'e

POra ye.A-lge ve r5, i katu ta a-n.6

ParaA-scrIvive rct, ikati tascrlv: -Lora ve.

A-;.*e ye ta

pora ye.

:cafe-pa rej-ap3 va.erg?

rej-apa va.erg re-He'e-kuaa pori-se ve ramo guarahi?

Zcate-::a rej-ap6 va.erg re-He'e-kuaa porn -se ve ramo karal-He'e?

mba = pa rej-apa va.erg re-scrivi-kuag_porg-se.vg.ramo guarani?

dialog

A-He'e-kuag porg-se -e ramo, k6 .- stadia -A" va.erg?

3. Hee, re-stua_La vg ro, ikatu ta re-He'e :Dora ve.

conversion (repeat, then change_ to an if clause)

A-He'e-kuaa-se ve k6 pende-He'g. A-He'e-kuaa-se ve ramp ko

pende-He'e.


ve karat -He'e.

A-scrivl-kuaa pori-se ve ko xe-fie'e.

(change ramo to rO)

ae'e-kuaa-se ve ramo 'oende-He% A-He'e-kuaa7se ve ro ko pende-

.

a-stadia ye va.era. he'e, a-stadia ve va.era.

A-scriv-I-k4aa-se ye ramo ko pende-

F:e'e, a-stadia va va.era.

A-le-kuaa-se ve ramo ko Dende-He';, a-stadia vg va.era.

(remove -kuaa)

A-He'e-kuaa-se ye r0 ko nende-Fe'e A-ne'e-se ve ro ko bendie"6-,

a-stadia 1./ii va.era. a-stadia va va.era.

A-scrivi-kuaa-se ve ko pende-ne'e,

a-stadia ire va.era:o

A-le-kuaa-se ve rd ko bende-He'e,a-stadia ve va.era.

1-,--icv,=. yen

ve rd ko pende-fie e, A-fie'e-kuaa-se ro ko pende-

, a-stadia ve va.era. Re'e, a-stadia ve va.era7

,. _A-scrivi-kuaa-se ve ro ko t'ende-

,e'e, a-stadia ve va.era.

A-__e-kuaa-se ve rcl 'KO pende-fie'e,.

a-stadia ve va.era.

translation

i. What should you do if you want to know how to speak Guarani better?

2 What should you do if you want to speak Spanish better?

What should 1 do if I want to speak Engish?

What should we do if we want to know how to read Guarani better?


A-He'e" zuaranI-me. A-He' e: guarani-me.

kusg. ... A-Heq-kuaa guarani-me.

se .. A-fie'e-kuaa-se guarani-me.

pora ... A-Erie'e-kuaA-pora -se guarani-me.

7'..-A-He'-kuaa-pora-se ve guarani-me.

ta ...A-Heq".-kua-pora-se ve ta guarani -me.

;..-mba.apE5. A-mba.ap5.

se ... A-mba.apo-se.

Lora ... A-mba.apa-pora-se.

,...A-mba.ap3.-pora-se've.

... _.

a', ...A-mba.ap-kuaa-pora-se ve.

3. hugg. fubol. (ta, Dora, ve, kuag.)

F,,o-purahei. (ma, pora, kuag, se)

translation

: speak Guarani.: know now to speak Guarani.: want to speak Guarani.: want to know ?-.ow to speak Guarani.

: speak Guarani well.: know how to speak Guarani well.: want to know how to speak Guarani well.

: want to speak more Guarani.: want to know how to speak more Guarani.

want to know how to speak Guarani better.

I will speak Guarani.I will know how to speak Guarani.I will know how to speak Guarani well.

will know how to speak Guarani better.

2. work.

etc,

3. He plays football.etc.

..4.e sing.

etc.


45-3

Use Phase

directed dialog

z-porandd (;57a)-pe o-stadia-se ve-pa'guaranl.

2. E-porandd (-Cera)-pe mba'6 re-pa o-stadia-se ve guarani.

3..

E-Porandra)--pe mba'e-pa of -ap5 va.era o-nete-kuaa pora4se:2ve%roguarani.

-z,-;:porandd ( ;era) -pe mbaie-pa nde rej-ap3 va.era re-fie"e-kua-se ver6 guarani.

interpreting

1. Ask (name) what we (incl) must do if we want to be able to speak Spanishbetter.

2. Have (name) ask (names) what they must do if they want to be able tospeak English better.


Mba-e" re-pa re- studies hina gra ha pyhare?

2 1,1ba74-pa of -k6 to nde-re-stadia ve-i ramo?

55


PAP

CyCIe l6

4.2.Lipulation Phase

nde regue,-ek6

hate ogue-rek6

or rogue-rek6

:lande ague -rek6

mee beguered6

\

Alpl':.. THE STU I-:EN.i: Thl-ee verb conlugation classes have been recognized:

1-verbs, j-verbs s and 'regular' verbs. With -guerek6 we have a fourth con-

jugation class which we will dub Fue-verbs. Gue-verbs are like I-verbs

ain _- verbs (but with gue instead of 'i' or tj') except that gue may,

optionally be left out. That is, ague-rek6 is sometimes heard as a-redo,

regue-rek6 as re-rek6, etc.

model

Los guarani-nte ague-rek6. I have just two Guaranies.

10 THE STUDENT: Note that the Spanish numerals are generally used forcounting items like money, 4istances, weights, etc. Also for counting

time periods from seconds to centuries.

model

Mbovl guarani-pa regue-rek6? How many Guaranies doLyou have?

Mbo4 regue-rek6?

B. Veintidos aims ague-rek6.


A-malisia Na Gladys ogue-reko ha. I suppose the Dona Gladys has.

A. 2,1Kva-pa ogue-rek6 cinco centavos?

?;. A-malisia Na Gladys ogue-reko ha.

Na Gladys, regue-reko pa cinco centavos?

3- Ague-rek6.

naradigm

my nand (s)my hand (s)

in our hand (s)in your handin your hand (3)

xe-p6xe-n6-peorep6-pende-p6-pepende-p6-pe

in his/her/their/ hand (s., i-p6-pe

model

EOgue-rek6 irund*Y. lanis-i-p6-pe. He has four 1:leicils in his

band (s)-

model

Mbov-"r lapis pa ogue-rek6 man pencils does he havein :is


/S6

Ybo4 1..pis-pa ogue-rek6 i-p6-pe?

Ogue-rekO irtndy lpis

Use Phase

response

' vro-pa ague-rek5 xe-p6-pe?

rcr aac-pa ogue-rek6 la nde-r?

centavo pa regue-rek6 ride vosg?

4 ävaa oue-rek5 pete: kyse?

5 :.:bafepa Carlos ogue-rekO i-p6-pe?

-Cycle 17

Manirnulation Phase

model

pete: =bale.' I see something.

A.-hex. het. mba'6. I see many things.

.n- STUD-"T. mbalg as a noun means 'thing'.


/4-7

model

Mba'6-pa re -hexes ko silla gri? What (thing) do you see on thischair?

Mba'e-mbale-pa re -hexes ko silla What (things) do you see on thisgri? chair?

TO THE STUDENT: Note the contrast in meaning between mba'g 'what (thing)?'and mbale-mba'g 'what (things) ?'

dialog

A. Mba'4-pa ko silla gri?

A-hexes peter. mba'g.

A. Ha tba'e-mba-4 re -hexes ko mesa ari?

. A-hexes heta mba'4.

model

A -hexi petei meta-me hgra vaCarlos.

I see a boy named Carlos.

Ai-kuag opava-4-pe. I know everyone.

TO THE STUDENT: 11:ira va means 'named' or 'whose name is'.


/SW

Y:ava-Pe-pa rei-kuag Paragugi-pe? What person do you know inParaguay ?

:1ava-mava-pe ra rei-kuag What persons do you know in

, I

1 Paragugi-pe ?.

. .Paraguay ?

L___

7. \ .7' Note the contrast in meaning between 'who

(what person)' and mava-mava-pe-na who (what persons)?'

Cr 'who-all'.

A. Mava-pe pa rei-kuag Paragugi-pe ?

B. Ai-kuag peter mita Agra va Carlos-pe.

Nava -mava-pe-pa rei-kuag ko clase-pe ?

B. Ai-kuag orava-ve-pe._

Use Phase


Mba'g-pa re -hexes ko mesa gri ?

2 Mbaig-pa re -hexes ra.e kuehg ko mesa gri ?

mba'e-pa re -hexes xe-p6-pe ?

Mava-pe-pa re-hex-a amd ?

5. Mava-mava-pe-pa rei-kuag nde-universidad-t, ?

Rei-kuag-pa peter mita 'n6ra va Lavid -pe ?

1 f


Cycle 18

Maniation Phase

model

0-je-juka Kurt tete: revolver-pe.

/47

---,

He was killed with a revolver.

TO THE STUDENT: 'with' in the sense of 'be -leans of is rendered by the

suffix -De.

mode

Mba'-pe-pa o-je-jukg How was he killed?

TO THE STUDENT: mba'e-te^pa 'how?' 'by means viz what?'

A. Yba'e-pe-pa c-j -juk. ra.e?

B. :curt peter revolver-pe.

Use Phase

listeninglocoEprehension

Kuehe, mokoi comunista o-.jukes revolver-pe tete: general guerra-hg-pe.

aver umi comunis:a o-juka ta-hg krse-pe mokoi general-Ye.o-.jerjuka ma mbchap general guerrarth,i-te.

attrcriate response

1. Maya-pa ra.e kuehe?

2. Mba'e-pe-pa o-je-jukes ra.e?

3. Mba'e-pa o-je-'6 comunista


/66

umf comunista o-ka-s6mokai general?:boy general ma-pa o-je-jukes ra.e petel general?:106pa o-,;e-jukg. ra. e pete: general?

Cycle 19

patterns for study

'on; on to of2. g4-pe 'under'

rupi 'by; through (=par).`ender 'to the presence or place of; up to someone -' -..

gotc 'toward; in the direction cf (haciaie

if

Ci-me ne mesa g.ri. : It may be on the tableOn top of it

2- Oi-me

3. u,--u ne Paraguay rupi.

0-viaja to yvf; rupi.

0-ho Hande-Jara4-endg.-pe .xe-rend51-pe.

f o

Carlos-renaa-pe.

5. , 0-pyta g.-goto.

Ja-guata hina nde-1-6ga-goto.

It may be under the chair.

He may come through Asuncion.He'll travel by land.

He went to God's presence.Come to wriere I am, or to myhouse.Let's go to Carlos' house.

It is over here.(Queda hacia aqui.)We're walking.toward your house.

Manipulation Phase

li-me mesa-g.ri s on the table in the bathroom.

01-me silla-g4-pq xe-kotf)--pe. It's under the chair in my room.


yoliJgc9cr aor.cle.


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Whc tcld you ?3:at surely it was you who told me.

'::hy did you do it like that ?didn't do anything:

Thy did you come ?3T:t 2arlos told me I was to come.

',That does 'ship' mean ?: don't _ou see, I don't

:arlos, they say 70U are ugly.a matter of fact they are the

snes.

'.-arlos, have you been fibbing -a n?13ut s you that's fibbing, not me!

atten,:.on to a fac which shoul,wcual cc a h7u::',ge or protest:g

-...: 'a..:-.:c7-_-,anment of such words as 'surely',

of

7ay 'tut' r_ir 'why' 1-lot'the

I 1,1-

s-cea.k. 2-uarani we1 .

only a little; 7y wife,howifor, scoaks it well.


THE STUDE;T:'ontras., katu with ningo. Katu signals the same relationship between oneclause and its sequel- as is marked in English -by such ielators as 'but',

'however', 'on the other :land'.

Cycle 22

(/'

natterns for study

A. A-ag.g. ma kOva-re. already paid for this.

B. A-norandli to ask about his mother.

C. .2-:erure ta Maria-re. I'll ask for Maria.(nedire or Maria)

D. Mba'e re-na ? For what ? Why ?

70 THE STUDENT:

-re is use in me.1.y ways. The above examples, where they can be trans'ated

by 'about (de or acerca de)', 'for (nor)', ?-re typical of some et the uses

of re.

Cycle 23

contrast

A-jerure Maria-re livro. ask Maria for a book.I rejlest of Maria a book.Pido a Ma:la un libro.

I'll as': for Maria.:edir6 or !;:aria.


tal,..e re after its object unless the----rson:-re: the re as ecuivalent

' in the sense ofen:e of 'for he benefit ofoor Jo:LP

:,!arf:a-re

Jet._ d^"

ta k6va-re.

; ?

er Th.rlos-re.

7a.era i-l'vro.

.era Y.ar'a-re.

tzuaran:


Use Phase

directed discourse

1....-jerure (tera)-pe petei livro.

2. Te-re-he (sera)--1-enda-pe ha e-jerure Jose-re.

Er-e mi re -pages ta hg ko regalo-re.

Ir-e re-Pag3. ta ha xg-ve xe-f.embi-apci-re.

5. E-perandil (gra)-pe mbovjrpa o-pages ta nde-ve nde-;embi-ap6-re.

Cycle 24

Manipulation Phase

model.

/66

Moo-pa o-je-jogug. ao ? Donde se compra ropa ?

0-je-jogug a6 tienda-Pe. Se compra ropa en la tienda.

Use Phase


sapatd panadera-ne tE7.ra-pa sapateria-pe ?

2. 0-je-jogug.-pa pan sapaterfa-pe tera-pa panaderia ?


/s7

n a o 44. '2.-ta--.-..e.(s;


Cycle 26

Ylafinulation Phase

naradiz.m.

/68

nde-mboriani.

rcor (3r,".en ore-mboriah.a were boor

and hande-m' :riahti we're poor

you're poor )(Pee) pende-mporsanu

he isithey are poor

---iou're poor

xo-7.-osarg,i for., Tr .re-resaral we for .et

(nand6) nande-;esarg.i we _

nao-resarL You (Pee) nere-itesarg.i y fonzen

(Ha.'6 he/they forget

EiY? There is a -./.ry lar-Le ciass of words .conjugate with the

possessive prJnouL prefixes: de ore-, hande-, .:ost of the

words in th:s clasE nre translased in Lnglish by adje-. Lut quite

and by verL. Becausf :t is a conjuzation cons :He'

s members to be verbs, and because most of the mf:mbers t.Ls conjuion71ass are words 'Inich express a quality or aztrible, we w711.1, call all embers

,sass UAL Ti VEE\ES

'pure' verbs (verbn which conjugate witn ne persOn prefixes a-, re-I,

:o- 'a- -E.- or the J 7 GU= " variants of increments to these) and

now the s;,ualitysVerbs, you nave a complete picture verb conjugation. There

ly hese two classes, of verb conjugations, pure and '01ality verbs.

TraUitionally the .:uality Verbs are called Yendal Verbs;

Ver'7-;= ha%-e -erbs, and thcse are

sub-2iassifi,:d .7err,.oz

areaier regular 'vers: Incremen'r.ales'

verbs), anc 'verbos irregular' :all

1I Li


that not all :,:os turn out to have ad,;ective ecuivalents

in Engli:3h, 7 : a:- more generally translatedby verbs.

-j :na

I fcirgtsnore

'::ou're lying

(;Eres mentiroso)

I'm a sleepyhead

feel fine this mornirigfeel fine this afternoonfeel fine this evening

.Ll .ctiv,-s arc rendered in Guarani by

--ran:,,lated by English or Spanish adjectives,of English adjectives are Quality Verbs.


/74

Cycle 27

ManiDulation Phase

contrast

Xe-hermanc mboriand My poor brother

::e-hermano i-mboriand My brother is poor

-P6va pe karat plat hetg. That rich man

eeva pe het a That man is rich

translation,

My beautiful. country Xe-4.et. pora

My country is beautiful Xe-reta i-pora_

,.. My ugly dog Xe-jagua vaf

-.. My dog is ugly Xe-jagua i-val

patte:ned completion

Xe-hermano het.Hee, nde-hermano i-plata het, ha nde katu nde-mboriand.

Xe-hermana i-pora-ite.,Hee, nde-hertana i-pora-it, ha nde katu nde-val"-et.

arandu 'smart'

tavy 'stupid'

rncarete 'strong'

leant 'weak'

jukf7 'pleasant, simpaico'

arhel 'unpleasant, ant.ipg.tico'

atre sompletion

Ag-.;e-rek6 peel" kure var.

ane-te

:-pyand. ane-te

A-nexg. petei kuhatai pora.

- pora ahe-te


Gyie 23

*.anipulatiorl Phase

/7/

A.

'-..

A.

:de-mba';..-oL ....--:7a ?..

;,nnir, naa-mba'='--i.. ,

'..ilva-ma 'a entonc.:._ rC-.5 ?

et

Is this yours ?

'2:o, it's not mine.

Whose is it then ?

:;.-mbn'g 'it's mine' is a nominal predicate, nominalauc in Guarani there is no 'true' verb here, just

a noun or nominal taken as a predicate. A nominalnredlo-Lte is negated by being placed in the negativefran nda-HNO=AL)-i or nda-(NOMINAL)-iri.

or nda-xe-mba'e-iri

variant. of nananiri is ahaniri.

OutStitu%O:.


Instructor points to various objects and asks, 'is this yours ?'mine 9. - Whose is it ?' etc. i

moue

Cycle 29

:':anisulation Phase

/72,

n. Hasy pa la guarani" nde-ve ? Is Guarani hard for you ?

nasy-ete 1, It's not too hard.

TH7. STUD7.N7: a. Quality Verbs are negated by the same negative frame:nda-(QV)-i. Other examples:

.nda xe-rasyndai-pord'i

I'm not sickIt's not good

NOTE7Tf a Quality verb ends in the sound EIJ the negativeenclitic is ri. z /

substitution

nda-i-nord-i

nda-i-val-ri

The instructor points to various objects and asks 'is this pretty (white,

hin, old, etc.) ?' and student responds appropriately.


21anil,:u1ation Phase

/

kurl' 1a dies .went to be about 10:00.

Re-F.enZ A-Herl'd kurl ..as des rupi.

1.-.ur-1 *las dies rui.

kur' las dles rubi.

dies ruzi.

ti:r.e. did you wake up' ?

-vg

. : pyhan.--v 7


patterned response

Mba'e Ora-pa re-pay ra.e ko pyhare-veA-pay kurl las seis rupi.

2 Mba'e Ora-pa re-pu'a ra.e ko pyhare-ve ?

Mba'e ora-pa re-Jahr-1 ra. ko pyhare-ve ?

J

Mbate Ora-pa re-r7_mbosa ra.e ko pyhare-ve ?

A-pu'a rire a-jepoh6. After I got up I washed my hands.

substitution

A-pu'a _ire a-jepohei.

72pei a-ne-nendyva'O.

pei a-,;ejuruhei.

A-pu'a ri./4 a-jepch4i.

Amlepohei rire a-fie-Fiendyva'O.

A-Fle-llendyva'a rir a-jejuruhei.

a-ne-monde. A-jejuruhai rire.

a-fie-mbosako'f. A-He-mond,1 rir a-fie-u bosako"..

paterned response

.

-pu'a rire mba'e pa rej -apo ra.e ?

(72a-hr pantomimes washing hands)

A-pu'a rire a-jepohei.

rirt" mba.'4-pa rej-apO ra.e ?

?e-F.e-;:er.dyva'5 rir; mba7e--.La rej-apO ra.;.


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a-F

a k. a-hè te1 er .-De?

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_:eva va, era

estuuuante-z. se si.:ntan ",.:no de ic ellos, digamos Pedro,

cet-rz con los c,]ss vados. Leo todos cambian de as!ento

F,;dro o sepa est i. Entonces Pedro t.-ata-a de

au v.:.nr cuin es cuin,

:.am.: cue el c:rculo este octpue0 de 2.3.4.5.6 estudiantes.pararse ante cualo_uiera de elLos i. namerc 5 ej.) y.

nba' ixu-na

(

Ai-k5Ireart: nde-7-g..a

let Ijneva cc -Ta.era.

Xe ai-kuaa. (nom-7...c) n':Imero

Pedro con los OjOS vendados tratc -g. sor med2.-, de preguntas (coma, las

ue vimcs arriba) de adivinar .a.identidad del nUmero 5. El niimero

dificua-ara porniedio de alteraciones su voz e

Pero; Per no:puede 'Ma3 de 5 br,intas ni menos de tres antes

breL7u:.tar YIAVA-PA ?. Y tambir:, toes deben responder: UPEW_ ND71.

entonces Pedro 'n,ata una sola ,ubosici6Y.. Si elJa

no es c:rrez,a debera ir ante otro estudiante y tratar de identifivarlo.

manera 7odos parl:iuipara. =as --tivamene, In el caso del --jeranio

rado mac arriba Pedro adivi...6 la del ndmero 5. Enton s nUmero

deber.2: ocupar e augur de Fe'::(-) cc ,Los Ojos ..-e;:dados y entonces todos

camtiar:in de lugar y niimero 5 intentar identficd.rlos. I asl sucesiv-mnte.

EL -aeotro debera participar acti-arne!..,e cue todos esten usando

_enguacorrectamente,


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1(.6a Xe-t'.

Los estudiantes se sientan formando un circalo. Uno de ellos, tcc;Indose

ierta carte del cuerpo; la nazi:, nor ejemplo dice algo contradioric:

Al LV. tocndose la nariz ?,±:,VA

r5ximc estudiane debe parodiarlo de la siguiente manera:

Thc-indose la o-reja) KOVA

3 ose La bora)

_;.cl,%dose la oaceza) KOVA

loc5.ndose ^!",

:ociindose (o F..". -JURC;)

"..cs er- -es de carte de uno de los particibantes lo eliminar5. del

--o c ha come*ido en error. Cuando nilMero 5

KOVA 1.72,-CAYIISA, 6 deter,_ -oog.ndose la 2amisg. haber KOVA XE -PO o

cual7.%ier ot-a cosy cue parodle la afirmaci6n anterior.

juego t'ermina con el Ultimo que pueda auedarse sin cometer errores.

Chal.Pdas

Dentro de una pequena caja se ponen .n desorden tiras de papel en cada

:na de :as cales est'5.n . cie-rtas comp- Ud. es Napoleon

llonapart,e, Ud. es elefante, Ud. en el mano un pedazo de hielo,

est%a e.-o-,_biendo, etc.

'ada ,]no de es-l-udian*es va y toma de. la caja cada uno una tira de

papel en el lee 5U s..cre+a Supongamos cue Luis (uno de los

estudiantes) ha tornado de la caja una hoja en la rual dice: Ud. es Napoleon

3o-.apa-te Luis, entonces, se para-..! ante el resto de los estudiantes y

Foy, o c5mo me llamo? y actuarg. jugando el papel de Napoleon.

L,os ctr(;s studiartes Y asi cada cual con su asig-

nariOn

i. :Avapa x69 o Mba"e'pae ixa pa xe-.r era?

3, .11aepa Nina'ague-reko htna xe- po -pe?


/

'T blase ser obrno T.ara una reunion informal deamigos 01a :Ibra Ee co a 2.La estu"an: un la-niz y =pia de

rc:a

Loo .2ircalar e!.re si, canc1o, extrecnando manos,tusca.%Uo las .fe:raezra: pre::-..un-7.as de 1% roa Mlva-ba Maya, disconiendopara Ler%bc finaT ese tiempo el Drofesor leer. las

y ha mayor informaciOn, el cual

L= r.z-ar nada, cada esrudiante debe recibir unah, a 1-00 03:r., ILLS 3r_Erf.en--,ez:

namerJ de nde-ra Ha nde re-guereko mokainer7.ana -a ha ' a.

azi,,ahoc:a.

ha :betel kara. 1"-iera

dabs Dara 71G,nar la

:.-c:.aralrrente 1 debe etar precarado artese:emplo, una coca de la

r n:e 7 cn.a a 7.0dos los esrudiantes.ez aL

:ra -- ha

:


/26

2v1a.-a s'ina

Y.ava-;a oi-bot. -e-g ueru netei livro' centre -gui?

:;=-kug.-na o-guereko v y'an

c -hexa peIel mberu sllia

KOva?

ma,,s-tro muestra a los estudiantes un =ton de objetos como laoicas,

libros, relojes, tizas, ccrradores, anillos, monedas, etc. Luego lo pone

tca: en una boisa o caja y la mano de ella coge oc de los objetos,

reteniendola mano dentro de ella, es decir de la caja, y bresunta a

la KOVA

:esnugs de que calla uno de -1.1os haya- tratado de adivinar la identidad

del objeto, el maestro ensenara la nano con el objeto; vera cuien ha dado

reonuesta correcta. Luego toda la clase dirigido or el que lo ha

repetir4 en _ore la respuesta correcta.

ejemolo: Clase: (en coro) PAva peteT livro,


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/kg-

e a k_

-de--tate,

onfuse the truth

va-mbate-pa 115 ?

1:e Depis hie-bat.

:arcs mtate-pa ?

e-mba.6.

-mtate ?

_:;ahaniri.

Xe-mba',1' ?

nde-M ate.

Dafid:

be rt

David:

oa

David:

Anna:

juan-pa nde-ru-sccio ?

NahzIniri. iia Tomas. ,11.a.n

Whose :eaci1 is ?

That pencil is yours.

Gomez-pa Ton° apellido ?ijapellido.

? I-mbate ?

Hande-mbate hg.

i:e-ne"6-pa rd guaran-r-me ?

Mixi mi-nt. Pero hd-a-nete pora-i.

A-n4'e-se-ve karal-L'6-me.

Xe a-janu ta a- aMbosg. mboy-ve.Xe katu a-jahu ma kurl'a-ju mboy-ve A-pe.

ose. :,7:a. ixa-pa nde-ra ?,... .,

David: ,x.e xe-rera David.

Jose: Moo-pa o-byte. nde-rOga ?

David: Espana casi brasil-pe.


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TO.7.2HE S77.7:ENT:

NC77 C.:,P.EF:...LY the formation of the imperative. Except for the ve :'b

re,=11(5 go. it is regular and quite simple:

:he plural tmperative has the prefix De- (identical to the

indicative prefix:re-)

2.- The singular imperative has the prefix e- (instead of the

indicative .:re-tix De -)

Note h w erbs retain their distinguishing mark (b) and

C-,rerbs theirs (c), GUE-verbs optionally drop the Rue- in

-the imperatf_ve as also in the indicative.

Take careful note Of the imperative form of re-ho 'go'. The

outside imperative prefix ta or to will be hobked to'the

indicative prefix pe-or re-.

5, It is frequently felt necessary to take the edge. off of the

imperative by adding the courtesy particle ma and/or the

partitive or dimin...itive particle m1.: ;ote that mi always carries t ::e stress, ma never does.

0

na.

.r.,-guapj

E-ha..aro mi Ma.

Come in, please.Have a seat.Please wait a minute.

a. Wait 71.-ha.aro

Wait, please -. E-h...aro na

Would you wait a kit, please E-ha.aro mi ma.

Come in; pl=:asewould you come in, please

Ei-k°e naEi-ke mi na

c- Please do it Ej-app na

Would you please do it Ej-apo mi na

d- Please bring it E-ria na (or: egue-riana)

Would you please bring it E-r11-mi na (or: egue-ra mi na)

Please go (sg-)Would you please go (sg:)Please go (pl.)Would you please go (pl.)

Would. you .please say it

-% a

Te re-h6 naTe re-h5 mi naTd pe-hO naTa pe-h5 mi ma

E-re mi maPej-e mi ma

'j


dialog-

I want to hear CarlosI want to see him

Who wants to play soccer ?Who wants to speak Guarani well ?

Who do you want to study with ?Who do you want to sneak Guarani with ?

He wants to study alreadyHe.-will want to leave already

Who do you want to speak with ?What do you want ?I want a bookHe wants two shirtsDo you (pl.) want something ?We don't want anything

TO THE STUDENT:To want something isphrase.

Compare:

/93

Azhenduise-CarloS-peA-hexa-S6 ixu-pe

Mava7piko o-hliga-se pelota ?Mava-piko o-fie'e pora-se guarani ?

Mava-ndive-pa re-stadia-se ?Nava-ndive-pa re-Eg'e-se guarani ?

0-stadia-se ma0-s-se to ma

Nava-ndive-pa re,fie'e-se ?Mba'e-pa nde rei-potg ?Xe ai-potg petei livroHa'e oi-pote mok5i camisgPei-potg-pa petei lgpis?Ndo-roi-potg-i mba'e-ve

expressed with the verb Iocta plus th4 noun or noun

I want a bookI want to buy a book

What do you wish ?

Ai-potg petal livroA-jogua-se pate: livro

Mba'e-ma nde ?


/9%

listeni'ng in

Mbate-pa of -api5 hina Carlos

0-scrivT. hina peter cartaMeva-ne ?Gladys-pe ! i-xika-pe

A. Moo-pa oi-me xe -livrc ?

',. Moo-pa re-he ja-ra...e ?

A. A-moi pe mesa.ari kuri.B. .Ung ixa ro oi-me ne ucg- hina.

J5- Mba'g-pa rei-potg. ?Meva-ndive-pa re-fie'e-se ?

B. A-E"e-se nde-ru-ndiveA. Ei-ke-na, .e-gualv, ha e-hearoB. Grg.cias.


FREE STUDY STAGE

dialog

A. Moot' -alio-pa ogue-reko ride-hermano ?.

B \ Kuehe\o-mbotl_ veintiun aHo.

A. Ha mb4 pa o-gana hembi-aa6-be r:r dig., trecientos guarani ?

B. 0-gang-hina treciento cinauenta.

How Old is your brother ?

B. He turned 21 yesterday.

A. And how much does he earn a day in his work, G300 ?

B. He earns G350.


Unit Seven

CORE SLAG:

ManipulationPhase

Cycle 1

model

Xe nd-a-He'ri hina ingles.o

I'm not talking English.

.Xe nd-a-scrivi-ri hina inglgs. I'm not writing English.

TO THE STUDENT:. Negative statements in first person singular are formed

with nd- before the VERB and -i following the VERB or ri if the VERB ends

in i.

repetition

ingles-be.

Xe nd-a-lee-i hina ingles-pe.

Xe nd-a-hendd-iXe nd-a-studie-iXe nd-ai-kuae-iXe nd-ai-pote-iXe hina.

variable slot substitution

a-fie1"4

guaraniruso

a-leefrancesaleten

inglesnd-a-fie'e i guarani

ruso

rusc

nd-a-lee-i francesnd-a-lee-i alemen .

a-studies nd a-studie-i alemen

chino nd7a-studiei-chino

ai-kuaa nd-ai-kuae-i cnino

japones nd-ai-kuae-i japones

a-scrivi

r.

japones .


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ani re-Re"e- ingl6s-pe.

3. 721d-a-He'a-i hIna ingles-pe,

a-He'a hina guarani-me..

Don't talk in English.

:I'm not talking in English,I'm talking in Guarani.

Use Phase

directed discourse

(era)-6e an o-He'e ingles.

2. Lr-e (,era)-Pe and o-studig guarani.

3. Er-6 (':era)-Pe a-I o-mba.ap6. pe-pe.

Er-6 (17,6ra)-pe an o-hugg pelota ko'aga.

5. Er-6 (era)-me ani o-scrivT. carta:

6. Er-6 (1-:era)-pe an: o-lee ingles._

interpreting (answer asin the dialog)

1. Tell (name) not to speak in English.

2. Have (name) tell (name) not to sp&ak.in Cuaran:


(1.6ra), nde re-Heq-kuag ruso. Chino, nahaniri.

guarani, pero re-stadia-se karal-ilete.


i. Re-fie'a-kuag-pa ruso?

2. Ha ghino?

3. Mba'6-pa re-fie'e hina koraga?4. Re-stadia-se-pa ingles?

5. Mba'epa re-stadia-se?

Kotaga re-rie'a hina

g


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0",

onversion

Xe a-studig.H a'e o-studig .

,xe a-4a.ru

H a'e o -karu-

::t scrivT. hina

H a'e o-scrivT, hina

Xe hina guaraniHa'e o-He';:,.hina guarani

Xe a-ntende ingles.H aee b-ntende,ingles

Xe a-purahedo-jepohei

patterned response

Re-studig.-pa hina?C- stadia pa hina?Re-Hele-na hina?C-He'e-na hina?,Re-ntende-pa?0-ntende-pa?Nde-pa re-sCrivlHa'e-pa o-scrivl hina?Nde-pa re-lee 'mina ingles?

hina ingles?Nde-pa rej-apc13-kuag?Ha'e-paoj-a0-kuag?

dialog .

Ye nd-a-studfii-iHa'e nd-o-s tudig-d

Xe

Haee nd-o-karirile nd7a-scriv5.7- hina

Ha'e hinaXe hina guarani

Ha'g hina guaraniXe nd-a-ntende-f'Thgles

Ha'e ndio-ntende-i ingles.Xe nd-a-purahei-ri

Ha .e nd-o-jepohei-ri

Nahaniri, hina.

Nahaniri, nd-o-studig-i hina.Nahaniri, hina.

Nahani,ri, hina.

Nahaniri, nd-a-ntehde-i.Nahaniri, nd-o-ntende-i.

nd-ascrivl-ri hina.nd-o-ccrivl-ri hina.nd-a-lee-i hina ingles.nd-o-lee-i hina ingles.nd-aj-aPO-kuag-i.nd-oj-apai-kuag-i.

Nahaniri,Nahanird,Nahaniri,Nahaniri,Nahaniri,Nahaniri,

A. Ha'e-pa o-studies hina?

B. Nahaniri, ndo- studiai Kira.

A. Mba'e-pa of -ap6 hina?

B. Nd-of -ap6-i mbVe-ve.

Is he studying?

No, he's not studying.

What is he doing?

.He's not doing anything.


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-Cycle 3

Manirculation Phase

model

Nd-a-Fletuag-i guteri. 17 don't know how to talk yet.

model

Nde-pa nde-re-He'e."-kua5.-i guarani? Dohit you know how to talkGuarani?

'.repetition

1 (Nde)

'?. (Nd.6) nde-re-hugg.i.

3. (Nde)L. (Nde) nde-re-scrivr-ri.

5. (Nag) nde-re-netri.:O. (Nd6) nde-re-Mba.ap6-i.

7. (tide) nde-re-hendiri.


±e-studig.

re-legalemanre-scrivr

ingresre-fete

. conversion

1. Nde re-studig.

2. Nde

3. Nag re-hu,74:

4. Nd6

5. id e resQxivt6: Nde re-jepohei:

A

Nde-_.e-studig.-i guarani-me..

Nde7re-lee-i guarani-me,Nde-re-lee-i alemgm;pe.Nde-re_7scrivr-ri alemgm-pe.Nde-re-scrivr-ri ingles-be.N4e-re-Re'i ingles-pe.Ne-re-fiete-kuag-i ingles-pe.

If

Vde nae-re-studi51-i.1;d6

Nde nde-re-hug5.-i.

Nde nde-re-scrivr-ri.Nag nde-re-jepoh6i"ri.


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interpreting (tell the truth)

ask you if he knows how to speak Japanese.ask you if he knows how to write Russian.ask you if he knows how to read Chinese.ask.you if he knows President Johnson.

1. Have (name)

2. Have (name)

3. Have (name)4. Have (name)


1. ava-pa nd-o-scrivi-ri hina kotaga-itg?2. Ndg-pa nde-re-scrivl-ri hina?3. Xg-pa nd-a-scrivi ri hina?

4. Mava-pa portugugs?

5 Ndg-pa nde-re-ne'a-kuag.-i portugugs?6. Xg-pa portugugs?

7. Mava-pa nd-oi-kotevri mba'e-vg ko'aga?etc.

Cycle 4

Manipulation Stage

model

Ndo-ro-ntendg-i. We don't understand.

TO THE STUDENT: The negative form for first person plural (org) is ndo-

before the VERB-and -i following it.

repetition

1. Ndo-ro-karil-i.

2. Ndo-ro-makaneg-i.3. Ndo-ro-pytu'il-i.4. Ndo-ro-purangi-ri.5. Ndo-rc-jepohei-ri.


JC 1C 1-3fp 1

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o. Ndo-ro-makaneg-i,aje-pa? Nda-pe-makanee-i.

7. Ndoro-mba.aDO-i, aje-pa? Nda-pe-mba.ap6-i.

b. Ndo-ro-hugg-i, aje-pa?. Nda-pe-huge-i.

aje-pa? Nda-pe-pytu'd-i.

10. Ndo-ro-ourahei-ri, aje-pa? Nda-pe-purahei-ri.

dialog

A. Pee nda-pe-ntende-i, ag-p ?

3. Ndo-ro-ntende-i.

Use Phase

interpretinF,

1 Tell them that they don't study.

2. Tell them that they don't read.

3. Tell them that they don't write.4. Tell them that they don't work.

5. Tell them that they don't know how to talk.

directed discourse

1. Er-6 ix;37-pe kuera nd-o-mba.apri ,

2. Er-6 iml-pe kuera nd-o-ntende% he.3. Er-6 ixa-pe kuera rd-o-hendiri 114.

4. Er-4 ixa-pe kuera nd-o-ke-i h4.Er-6 ixi).-pe kuera nd-o-jerokSri

6. Er-6 ixl...;-pe kuera nd-o-pytu'iri he.

Interpreting

1, Have (name) tell (name) and (name) that they don't work.

2. i-16.-re

Have(name)(name)

telltell

(name)(name)

andand

(name)

(name)

thatthat

they don't play,they don't live in Seattle.

4. Have (name) tell (name) and (name) that they don't know how to read

Chinese.


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Nda-ja-karfi-i-pa?

o. Nda-ja-jerokg-i-pa7. Nda-ja-jepoheiri-pa?o Nda-jaj-ap6-i-.-pa?

9. Nda-Ha-He'& va.era-i-pa?IO. Nda-Ha-mba.apO va.era-i-pa?

1 Nda-ja-karts va.era pa.

luda. jaj-apO va.erS-i-pa?

3. .cla-ja-jeroky va-era-i-pa?

model

Nda-ja-jerokg-i.Nda-ja-jepohei-ri.Nda-jaj-ap6-i.

Nahaniri. Nd9.."--.Ha-heq va.era-i.

Nahaniri. Nda-Ha-mba.apO

Nahaniri. Nda-ja-karaNahaniri. Nda-jaj-apO va.erri.Nah-aniri. Nda-ja-jerokva.era

;.,a-ne e Let's speak English.

dialog

B. Clase-pe nda-H.a-Req va.era-i ingles-pe.

directed dialo

1.

2.

3.

4.

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E-porandfi

E-poranduE-porandfiE-porandil

E-porandfi

E-porandil

Use Phase

xe-ve a.-jerok3r' va.era'pa clase-pe.

Ea-Het& va.era-pa clase-pe.ja-hug l va.era-pa pelotaja-kara va.era-pA. cancha-pe.ja-ke va.era-pa cafeteria-pe.Ha=makanea va.era-pa hdlpital-pe.


, .

i. Mba'e-pa nda-jaj-apo va.era-i clase-pe?2. 'Xba'e-pa nda-jaj-aPO va.era-i biblioteca-pe?

3. Mba'..,:-pa nda-jaj-apO va.era-i cafterfa-pe?4. Mba'e-pa nda-jaj-apO va.era-i hospital-pe?

5. Mbatg-pa nda-jaj-ap3 va.era-i dormitoriO=pe? .


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translation

1. don't knoW how to work.

2. You don't know`" howl eat.

3. We (incl) don't. know how to regd.

4. We (excl) don't know%how-to..write.

5. You don't know how to dance.

6. You (pi) don't know how to ask.

I. They don't know how to sing.

8. Carlos doesn't know how to do it,-

Cycle 6

Manibulation Phase

model

-2/0

Peva nda-hale-i t_ta-kug. That is not an oven.

Nda-hale-i tata-kug peVa. It's not an ovens, that.

TO THE STUDENT: Arerbless phrases are negated by 'rida before the NOUN and

i following.

substitution

Kure (pig)

Jagug (dog)

Mburikg (burro)

Mberil (fly).

Mbarakajg (cat)

Nda-hate-i kure peva.

Nda-hate-i jagug peva.

Nda-hate-i mburikg peva.

Nda-ha'e-i mberil peva.

Nda-hate-i mbarakaSg peva.

)


model

1%.ova 'pa tata-.Kua::Is this an oven?

pa itova9

dia.2:2E

A. K&jaoa tta-kug.?

3. 7jahaniri. takug.-peva

arobriate -esbans.-

KCva-ba

directed discourse

mcdel

- Use Phase

to pictures)

L.---norandU ea;-pe mberu ba k6va.

Daeca (kOva)?(k6va)?

Cycle 74

anibulation Phase

:axe4-4ra-.i Carlo's. name is not Carlos.

tj


model

Nde-r.:e'ra-pa 'Carlos? Is your name Carlos ?'

diaio

-., -A. Nde rera pa Carlos3

B. Nananiri. Nda-xe4-era-i Carlos.

Use Phase

interpreting

1. Ask (name) if his name is Carlos.2. Ask (name) if his name is Jose-.

AO.

directed discourse

1. E-porandil (.;era)-pe nda-fiera-i-pa Carlos.

2. Er-e nde-rei-kri3. Mba'e-pa ha'e he-'I

(Ha'e he-'i kuri nd-oi-kri


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dialog

A.

:

-1'

Nda-ikatC-i-pa re -nee ingles-pe?B. pero nd-a-fie'e-se-i.A. Mba'e re-pa nd ingles?

model

Cycle 9

Manipulation Phase

Nd-a-fieq-kuaa mo'.a-i guarani. I won't know how to speakGuarani.

TO THE STUDENT: The future marker ta changes to mo'a in the negative.

substitution

pie

HateOreNdeDandePee

conversion

e-- A-He'e ta.A-hendil ta.

A-ntende ta.A-studig ta.

. A-lee ta.A-lug g ta.

Nd-a-fie'e mo'a-i guarani.Na-o-ile18 mota-i guarani.Nao-ro-fieq mota-i guarani.Nde-re-fie'a mota-i guarani.Nda-fia-fie'e mota-i. guarani.

Nda-pe-fie'e moiri guarani.

Nd-a-fieq mo'a-i.Nd-a-henda mo'a-i.Nd-a-ntende mota-i.Nd-a-studie. knota-i.

Nd-a-leeNd-a-huga


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Nd-a-Hate-ye-i ramo, nd-a-scrivi-:kuaa mota-i guarani.

Nd-a-Ha'e-ye-i ramo, nd-a-fie"6-kuaa mo'a-i guarani.N..

Nd-a-stadia-vei ramo, nd-a-fie'-kuaa mc'a-i guarani.

patterned response

'1. Mbate re-pa re-stadia-ve hina?Nd-a-stadia-ve-i ramo, nd-a-He'e7-kuaa mo'a-i.

2. Mba

3. Nba

4. Mba

model

re'..pa re-file."e-yg hina?

re-pa rej-apo-ve nina?Nd-aj-4o-ye-i

'e re-pa re-lee-ve hina?- Nd-a,lee-ye-i

ramo, nra-fie''6-kua'a

ramo, nd-,aj-apO-kuaa mota-i.

ramo, nd-a-lee-kua mo'a-i.

Mbate re-pa re-stadia-ye hina? Why are you studying more?

dialog

A. Mbace re-pa re-stadia-ve hina?

B. Nd-a-stadia-vg-i ramo, mota-i guarani.

dialog

Mbate-pa of -k6 to nde-re-fieta-i r8? What will happen. 11 you don't.speak?


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1

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S.: .rt't ..St3).1i .11(4- .'a,-i: ..-:1 ..,..1): L14.i'

S-: r-, 4) )-4 : -' 4-4 ,-4( 4,--) I 4

S1 (,i' .;-4 ICILtYr, c:i aid dr N

at :-, '-c3 ::--, 1'74, 4) : -. ) : 1F.; Il 4' (1) :?(1) 4-.) CO '-i5-, (I) ,1) (f) 4 )

4-'0 0 0 ()447 4) 41

, -I

a) (1) (I, Q) .0' 1 ' -1 ' I 4-- i Lli,0 ,c) ,0 ,0

3)1 CO (4) 04)

(1) 11 a) 1)

,C) .0 ,,> 02) J) 4) 4) 41

...%).

41 V:0 > (4 0'. :( :t : 1

0I 4 i 4 :.

'1


dialog_

A. Mbaeg-pa to nde-re-rieeri r&i?

e-kuag ro, nda-ikata mc78 -i a-pytg Paragugi-pe.

Cycle 10

Manioulation Phase

model

Nda-ikat1S-i gui. Because I couldn't (or can't).

. TO THE STUDENT: g2.1i is also used in the meaning of 'because'.

A-pyta-s6 kuri a-pe.A-tiYta-se gui kuria-pe.

dialog

I wanted to stay here.Because I wanted to stay here.

A. Moo- na re-h6 ra:e? Misa ha-pe-pa?

B. Nahaniri, a-ha kurl jerky ha-pe. Mbaeg re-pa nde-re-ju-i ra.e

xe-ndivg?

A. gui.


patterned response

:1c3--2a re-he ra.e? Asa hg.-De-Da?

.NahEnir, a7ha Y.ba'6 re-Da

..,:e-re-ju-i ra.e xe-ndiv6?

da-ikat:1 suf..;

re-hLe La :7-:orairo ha-De-pa?

::ahaniri, a-ha kur (misa) ha-Pe. na'e re-Dande-re-ju e xe-ndive9

:.:05-pa re-he La je-kar-guasu hg.- De -pa`'

Nah-anir. A-ha kuri ha-De. ba'g re-panie-re-ju-i ra.e xe-ndive.9

Yorca re-he raA? La Fie-mbo-'e ha- De -Da?

NahLniri. A-ha kur;' Mba-g re-pa

nde-re-ju-i ra e xe-ndive?

Ylc5-pa o-ho ra.e la nde-socio? isa ha-De-pa tera-Da baile hg. -De?

Ha'e o-ho kurl ha-pe. 'Mba'e re-pa

nde-re-hei he-ndive?

2 o-ho ra.e la xe-hermallo? Reunion ha- -De-Da tera-pa Dartido

Ha'6 c-H6 karl ha-De. Mba'g re'pa

nde--e-he-i

Morpa o-he ra.e ,a x,--1-21? La o-mano va ha-pe-pa tera-pa la e-kara-

g-usu ha-De?-

,.. -no kur.l.

ra.e he-ndiv,a?.

hg.-Der :rba'e re-Da nde-re-ho-i

Yoo pa o-h6 ra.e la xe-s-&'? La He-mb.-'e ha-pe-Da tera-pa cantro-pe9

0-h6 kurlra.e he-ndiva?

model

ha -pe. re-Da nde-re-hO'i

A-ha kuri xe-amigo-ndi. went with my friend.

TO THE STUDELT: -ndi(ve.).'in accompaniment with' in combination with person

nouns, generally occurs without the ve:

Carlos-nda'arlos ha Marla-ndi

karal-ndl


A

N. B. 'with' in the sense by

means of as in 'he killed him

with a pencil' is translatedwith me, not with ndi(ve):.

0-juka meter 1gPis-pe.

model

Mava-ndi-pa re-h6 ra.e? Who did you go with?

TO THE STUDENT: Mava-ndi or mava-ndive means 'with whom'.

dialog

A. Mava-ndi-pa re-h6 ra.e baile hg,pe?

B. A-hg. kuri peter xe-Pmigo7ndi.

A. Nde-pa re-jerokSr.-kuag.?

B. Mixi mi-rite .

Use Phase

-listening for comprehension

Xe a-hg. kuri peter je-kara-guasute.-pe.

(etc.)


1. Mava-pa o-h6 ra.e,peter je-kara-guasu hg.-pe

2. Kuehe-pa a-hg. ra.e ?

(etc.)


.:ell :he

re-kar :a kcira ?

3 Maa-ndi-ca re-karu-s:4

P.e-karu-s-pa xe-nd;ve ko cyhar ?

5 MLva-ndipa re-kru-se ko cyhare 9

model

Cycle 11

Manipulation Phase

?o-ne e-se ri karat Lopez -.....

B.

ro-.e 'e mr

I

e want to speak (some with

2.:r. Lopez.

,Arr.at ?

Yay we speak (a little wit'n

Lopez ?

70 THE SThTh7: mi 'a little', 'some' is -freouently used as a modulator

:sentences like :he above.

conversion (add the modulator mr to the verb complex)

o-s pende-rdiv6. Bo-n-;'e-se bende-ndiv4.

A-mb?....apo-s6 cende-ndive.

0-ca-s6 celota nande-ndive.

:KacPa 'e t,.nde-ndive ? :katZ1-pa rc-ne'Ye'mi pende-ndiv


Ikatd-pa rc-mba.ap6 pende-ndir6 ?

Ikatd-pa ja-studies ne-ndive

Ikatd-pa ja-hug 5. pelota he-ndivEl:

kuera ?

repetition

ikatdpa ro-H";'e mi

ikatd-pa ro-Here mi

ikatd-pa ro-haga mi

karaf Carlos-ndi .

karaf Carlos-ndi ?

nde-hermano-ndi ?

Ikatu pa ro-na'e mi nde-hermano-ndi ?- .

Ikatd-pa ro-h6 mi-pe kuriataf-ndi ?

Ikatd-pa a-He"Te mi pe kuriataf-ndi ?

Ikatd-pa mi pe*araf-ndi ?

Patterned response

1. Ikatd-pa ro-hite mi karaf.Carlos-ndi ?

2. Ikatd-pa ro-fre"e mi nde - hermano -ndi ?

3. Ikatd-pa mi pe kuriataf-ndi.?

4. Ikatd-pa ro-re mi pe karal-ndi'?

5. mi Na Maria-ndi ?

o. Ikatd-Pa ro-fiVe mi Don Jose-ndi ?

model

Mava-ndi ?

Mava-ndi ?

Mava-ndi ?

Mava-ndi ?

Mava-ndi ?

Mava-ndi ?

Mba'e gui-piko nd-ikata mo'a-i.

You may.

Of course you may.

(literally: 'why couldn't you ?'or":.the Spanish 'cOmo no')

`1


conversion

a. gui-piko means. 'why'; 'because of what ?'

tiko is a cuestion marker like pa. The difference

petween pa and piko seems to be in the attitude of.

the speaker toward the person addressed. Piko is used

generally to show a close personal interest in the

matter. Pa is more direct and shows neutrality

c. :s frecuently shortened to nd-ikatii-i.

chane ca to ,11.c.0;

er-S ra.ji ? ba7iko er-s ra.&' ?

"ca'S re-n rej-u ra.e :o 5.-pc ?

Mba'S g iza re-he rare nde-;-ega-pe ?

Re-kLru-spa xe--udivS?

dialog

A. Ikatil-pa ro-He'e mi karal Lopez-nd! ?

Ikat. gui-piko ndikatu mn'a-i pe-has., pe-guap.

ta

Ro-agadec6

Jse Fhase


Fp-pert° ha Francisco eiota i-pore kugra o-guahe ha o-jepopete

d'ohGarc-ra ;-6ga-porten-De. 0-se peteI mita-kuEa ha -porandil x.17:1-pe

-ku6.ra. ,:ca e pa pei-pc>t ?

ro-fliTe mI Don Garcia-ndi ?" he-' i Roberto.

?" ne-'1. la mita-kuHa.

a

"Don Garca-ndi", te=--'5. Francisco, "tera-pa

?"

"Ikatia Mba'S gui-piko nd-ikatia mo'ri. En seguida." la

mita-ku::a ha ol-k6 laOga-pe ha en seguida o-s 4. jevfi na

"Don Garcia ndikat pende-ndive, mba'S-pa-

pei-potL"


Or ro-hga-sg pelota, ha roi-kuaa-se ikatfrpa ro-huga i-canhha-pe",e-'1 Roberto.

4ba'6,gui-piko mota-i, Ikatu pe-haga-se ove-nte.Don Garcia-raZ-", la Mita-kufia.

pnropriate response

Xorpa o-h6 Roberto ha Francisco ?Mbate-pa ogue-re ha i-p3-pe kugra?'Mava-pa o-se henda-pe kugra ?Mbate-pa o-porandu kugra.la,mita-kufia ?

Mba'g-pa he-'i Roberto ?Ha mba'g-pa he-'1 Francisco ?Mbatg-pa oj-ap6 la mita-kufia ?Mbatg-pa oi7kuaaiieg Don GarciaIkatirpa o-fie'e he-ndive kugra Don Garcia ?Mba."6-pa o-haga-se Roberto ha Francisco ?Mo6-pa.o-haga-se Roberto ha Francisco ?Mbate-pa,he-11 la mita-kulla ?MEva-rajy-pa la mita-kufia ?

Cycle 12

Manipulation Phase

del

0-I-pa so'6 ? Is there meat ? .(Hay carne ?)

0-I-pa jety ? :Are there sweet potatoes ?

THE STUDENT: The verb o-I is equivalent here in meaning to Spanish hay.It makes no differentiation between singular and plural.


ststitution

so'6jetcr

,---kumandg

jaky-sS'r

Cceans)

0-1pa so'O ?jet S: ?

0-pa pirg. ?0-1-pa kumandg ?0-pa juk,?0-I-ma jay-Sy ?

Nda-i-pori. There isn't (no hay).

To THE STUDENT: nda-i-no-ri is the negative form of c-1 when it means_

hay'; nda-i-no-ri mba'e re-pa means 'no hay de clue'.

Use Phase


0-1 pirg. pero nda-i-no-ri so'O.0-: kumandg. pero nda-i-noTri arrOs.

3-: jaky-s:;- pero jukfi.


1. 0-pa so'6 ?2. 0-I-pa arrOs ?

3. 0-I-pa jaky-s:7 ?

C-1-pa clase ko'att'a ?0-I ta-na clase ko'ero ?0-I-pa ra. clase domingo ?


Cycle 13

Manipulation Phase

model

Hi'E xe-ve of -me centro-pe.

Oi-me ne centro-pe hina.

A lo mejor of -me- centro-pe.

I think he's in town.

He might be in_town.

Perhaps he' in town.

TO THE STUDENT: The verb -1me is used in location expreisions likeSpanish-estar.

substitution

centro HiTgi xe-ve oi-me centro-pe.

tupaO (church) Hita xe-ve oi-me tupaO-ne.

cine Hita xe-ve oi-me cinehg4pe.

mercado' Hi'd xe-ve of -me` mercado-pe.

centro Oi-me ne centro-pe hina.

tupaO 021-me ne tupa6=ne hina.

cine 01-me ne cine-ha-pe hina.

mercado Oi-me ne mercado-pe hina.

centro

tupaO

cine

A lo mejor oi-me centro-pe.

A lo mejor oi-me tupaO-pe.

A lo mejor oi-me cine-ha-pe.

mercado A lo mejor oi-me mercado-pe.

."..,


-1,--rable slot substitution

.,HL'a x6-ve halg centro-pe kolg:ga.

Hi'd tuoao-ne ,ko'aga.

Hi' L x6-ve bi-m tupa6-pe

Hi'l ku6raof-m& tupa6-pe ko!Elza.A lc me;Or ha' ku,5ra oi-me tupa6-pe ko'5.ra.

model

-9 7

A. :-I-pa hfna nde-;-11.?

hna.

Is your father (at home)?

He's not home).

TO THE STUDENT: The verb o-1 is used like 'estar' in Spanish to indicate

'being present or at home'. T negative of o-i in this usage is not

the irregular nda-i-coft-i 'out the regular nd-o-i-ri.

model

Yloo-r-a ne? Where would (might) he be?(D6hde estaria?)

TO THE STUDENT: ne is a costfix which is eauivalent in meaning to the

Spanish suffix -fa in 'estar5,a'.

dialog

A. 0-1-pa hIna hde-.;i1?

3. c1 o-1 ri hina.

A. Ha morpa ne?

B. A to mejor centro-pe.

)-


substitution

.,xe-roga Aj-d hina xe-;Eiga gui.

mercado Aj-d hina mercado gui.

centro Aj-d hina centro gui.

tupaO (church) Aj-d hina tupac5 gui.

koku.=: (field) AO-d hina kokue gui.

Luque Aj-d hina Lucue gui.

Paraguay .Aj-d hina '..Pragua:y gui.

aeropuerto Aj-d hina aeropuerto gui.

upe Aj-d hina upi.! gui.

model

Moo gui-pa rej-d hina? Where are you coming from?

TO THE STUDENT: mob' gui-pa 'from where'.

dialog

A. Moo gui-pa rej-d hina?

B. Aj-d xe-1.6ga gui.

patterned response

Moo gui-pa nde rej-d hina? Centro gui-pa?Hee, aj -il hina centro gui.

2. Mo6 gui-pa nde rej-d hina? Tupa6 gui-pa?Hee, aj-d hina tupe.6.gui.

3. Moo gui-pa nde rej-d hina? gui-pa?Hee, aj-d hina xe-roga.gui.

4. Moo gui-pa pee pej-d hina? Mercado gui-pa?Hee, roj-li mercado gui.

Moo gui-pa rej-d ra...? Centro gui-pa?Hee aj-d kurl centro gui.


i.103 2arios hIna? .-'.ca guica

ha gui.

6-- _a.e: iupa5 guiPa?:cur l' -Luz:a6 gui.

3. gui7,ya ra:e? Mercado gui-pa?kurls mercado gui.

Phase

directed discourse

1 E-borand "1..era)-pe mo:O gui ca c-il hina-

2. E-porandia -.era)-pe mot gui-pa xe aj-a.3. E-porandil (t-era)-pe mcc gui-pa c-u ra_e,

.. E-porandC (f.era)-pe moo ,Jui--oa xe aj-1-".1 ra.e.

5. E-porandil (a)-o' o-f:-pa hTna (afeterTa gui.

0. --,Pornd ;,:era)-re o-'.. ca ra.e dormitcrio gui.

--porandi (=":,era aj-u pa ra.e ciase gui-

- L-poraridri er?..-pe jaj-ia-pa hina hospital gui.

interhreting

- Ask (nam) where he's cooling from.H ave '(aame ask (aame where he's coming from,

. Ask (name. wher. he just came from.

7 Have Inane' a=,k (name where ae just came from.-:. Ask (name if he's o.cmiag from church-, Have (name ask (name if he's coming from church.7 Ar: (name if -,,ejust came from over there.

c. have (name ask name) if he just came from over there.

LTC,

listening for compreheni-'ca

Ko voluntario 3;11. California gui, ha peva 0-11. Texas gui. va

California gui nera Roberto, ha la o-d va Texas gui here. David.



Mo5 gui-pa la voluntaric va Roberto?Ha mo5 o-il la voluntario here. va David?Mo gui-pa nag rej-,a? Norteameirica gui ter a -pa Sudanerica gui?MOO gui-pa o-la la nde-socio?Mo5 gui-pa o-a la nde-sf;r?

Y.6 aj-,a kur:1 cafeteria gui? Nd6-pa ra.e upe gui aver ?Carlos am6 Eui. ha ride?

Mo5 gui-pa pee pej-la ra.e?

model

Jai-pe'g la i-ky'g va la i-potiva gui.

substitution

Teacher: Jai-peStudent: Jai-pe

Teacher: Jai-peStudent: Jai -De

Teacher: Jai-peStudent: Jaipe

Teacher: jai-pe,Student: Jai-pe

Teacher: Jai -pe

Student: Jai-pe

model

Let's separate (guitar) thedirty ones from the clean ones.

'g la i-kv'g va la i-Doti va gui.'g la i-ky'g va la i-poti va gui.

P'g la 22.1.1rva la hesai va gui.'g la nasS- va la hesRi va gui.

'g la i-pukii va la mbykS7 va gui.'g la i-pukii va la m"wykcr va gui.

ig la i-kyrg va la.piril va gui.

:ag

'g la i-tujg va la i-pyahu va gui.

Mba' 6- jaj-apO to ko Tg. aO gui ?. What shall we do with theseclothes?

l),


substitution

2eacher: Mba'e-na ja-abc5 ta ko'd 2.6 gui?

Student: Ybe.',5-pa ja,]-apd ta ko'd aO gui?

:eacter: jaj-apo ta kola ryguasd ray gui?

Student: Mbate-ma jaj-apc5 ta ko'd ryguasd ray gui?

Teacher: Mba'e-pa jaj-ap6 ta ko'd guyrg gui?

Student: Mba'6.-ca jaj-aD6 ta kola gnyra gui?

Mba'-eca jaj'-ap6 ta ko'd kur6 gui?

Student: Mba'eba ja,j-ap6 ta ko'd kure-gui?

M-ca',5-ba jaj-apc5 ta-ko'd sapatd gui?

Student: Xba"6-ba jaj-ap5 to ko'E sapatd gui?

model

Cycle lb

Manipulation Phase

r -e xu-pC'e an: nesargi ti

i -livrc gui.

oAr!' ti nde-livro

Tell nim not to forget hisbock.

Don't forget your. book.

STUD;7:T: P,esaxg.i is a QUALITY VERB. Its object (in English

translation) is followed by gui. One 'forgets from something"

c. The imperative forms of 7,--esargi are:

. .. 6,de-resarai xugui.Pende-;esargi xugul.An,' (kena) nde-resargi (ti xugui!

An: (k.-na) pende-;-esargi (ti) xugun

Forget him!Forget him!Don't forget him!Don't forget him'.


directed discourse

,. Er-e mi2. Er-e mi.

3. Er-e mi4. Er-e mi

5. Er-e mi6. rx-e mi

7. Er -e mi

8. Er-e mi.

9. ,..r-e mi:13. Er-e mi

model

(tera) -pe ani ilesargi

(Sera) -pe ani lesargi(Se: a) -pe an T. hesargi

(tera ha 1-Ara)-pe ani

tera ha tera)-pe ani(tera ha tera)-pe ani(tera ha Sera) -pe ani(tera ha Sera)-pe ani(-tera ha igra)=;e ani(tera ha tera)-De ani

ti gui.

ti xe-lgpis gui.ti nde-sg gui.flesargi ti nde4.0 gui.riesargi ti nde-coche gui.ilesargi ti .xe-chicagui.riesargi ti SOgafiesargi ti tiara gui.

Lsargi ti xe-heguf.Lsargi t_ nde-heguf.

0-kakirpa ra.e nde-hegui lande-plata?

Hee, ho-'g kurl xe-heguf.

Did you lose your money?(Se le perdi5 su dinero?)

Yes, I dropped it.-(Si, se me cay6.)

TO THE STUDENT: 1. The structure of these sentences is comparable to the

structure of the Spanish eauivalents.

2. Conjugation of the vowel-stem verb -'a 'to fall'. (As with most

other vowel-stem verbs, -ia is irregular only in first person singularand third person.)

ho- I fall ro-'a

ja

we fall

we fall

re-'6 you fall

ho

g.

he falls

you fall


translation

1. Did. you lose ypur money?

2. Did I lose my money?

3. Yes, you dropped it.

L. Did we lose our gold?

5. Yes, you (p1) dropped it.

o. Did he lose hiS gold?

Yes, he dropped it.

acpronriate restonse

5.

=23 3

0-kaiirloa ra.e nde-hegui la nde -

pl at a?

0-kahrpa ra.e xe-hegui la xe-

Hee ho-'g

Use Phase

:4oe-ba o-ked-1;:"- ra. \e nde-hegtZ la nde-livro?

ra. C nde-heguf" la ride-15.pis?

And.ka'epa o-kaFly nde-neguf la nde-rel5 ?

ixa-p% ra.e nde-heguf la ::se -anillo?

Y.ca14pa la o-ka:'Y ya L:arlos gui?

interbretin

Ask :-,.ame) *Jhel-e he lost his wat.ch.

Ask rhame) when he lost his glasses (lente).

Ask (hame, how he lost his money:

Ask :ame f.f he lost nis book.

Ask (hame) where you dropped your ring.

o. Ask r.aze) how : dropbed mz,- glasses.

As r.ame) we dropped our necklace (collar).

3. Ask L7.ame) if they dropbed their books.


Cycle 15

Manipulation Phase

model

-2 3 4/

A-hg hina xe-Oga-pe. I'm going to m' house.

TO THE STUDENT: Remember that the verb -ho 'go' is irregular in thefirst person singular and inclusive.

a-hg

re-he

o -he

ro-he

ha

1)e-he

substitution

xe A-hg hina xe-1-6ga:pe.Hande Ja-hg hina fiande-rega-pe.

pee Pe-he hina pende-rega-pe.nde Re-he hina nde-rega-pe.or Ro-he hInapore-rrega-pe.

hare 0-he hina hOga-pe.

xe A-hg kuri xe-I-Oga7pe.and Ja-hg kuri fiande-rega-pe.

peE Pe-h6 kuri pende-rega-pe.nde Re- he. kuri nde-rega-pe.

ore Ro-he kurlore-rega-pe.ha'e 0-he kuri hOga-pe.

dialog

A. Moo-pa re-he hina?

B. A-hg hina xe-Oga-pe.


3,5-

Patterned response

1. Moo pa re-h6 ra.e? Luque-pe pa tera Pa Paraguay -pe?

A -hg. kuri -pe.

2. Morpa re -no ra.e? Villarrica-pe-pa tera-pa Concepcion. -pe?

A-he. kuri -pe.

ETC.

Use Phase


Xe a-he. kuri Luque-pe.Jose o-hO kurl upg-pe avel.Ha David-amigo o -h? kuri Paraguay -pe.


Moo-pa y.4 ra.e?

Ha moo-pa Jose o-ho ra.e?

:+d-o-ho-i-pa ca-e Paraguag-pc?David o -no kuri Luque-pe aje-pa?

(tell the truth)

5. Moo-pa nde ro-ho-se ko',gra?

6. Mob-pa nde re-h6 to ko'era?Mo5-pa nde ro-h6 ra.e kuehg?

C. Mo5-pa nde re-nd'va.era ko'aga?

9- Nde-pa re-h5 ra.e banco-pe ko"era?


.234,

Cycle 16

Manipulation Phase

model 7

A--h kuri la reunion hg-pe. I went to the meeting.

TO THE STUDENT: Certain things, when conceived of as activities or events .

which are held and which one may attend require a postfix hg. Many words

which take this postfix are also used without it to refer to a Plabe or

to name an activity. For example:

reunion the name of the activity.

reunion hg the 'holding' of a meeting, the activity orevent which one may attend.

misa (Catholic 'mass') the name of the activity.

misa hg the 'holding' of mass, the activity or

event one may attend.

jerokgjerokS.r. hg

travahotravaho hg

substitution

casamiento hgcumpltaZoa hgsanto gra hgbaile hafiesta hgpartido hg .

cine hgdesfile hg (parade)

the name of an. activity or event.the 'holding' of the event.

workPlace of work

A-hg hina peter casamientoA-hg hina peter cumpleallos hg-pe.A-ha hina peter santo Ira hg-pe.A-hg hina peter baile hg-pe.A-hg hina peter fiesta hg-pe.A-hg hina peter partido hg-pe.A-hghina peter cine hg-pe.A-hg hina peter desfile hg-pe.


carrera ha ;races)

la je-kara guesu-hg .(banquet)

fiorairo hg (fight)

fie-fiaty ha (burial)

o-nano va hg (funeral)velorio:ng (wake)

kure-daka hg (pig killing)

Fle-mbOTe hg (praying place)

dialog

A-hg hrna la carrera hg-ne.A-hg hIna la je-karagua.:su114-pe.

A-hg-hina la florairo hg-re.

A-hg hina la fie-floty hg-pe.

A-hg-hina la o -mano va hg-pe.A-hg hina la velorio hg-ne.A-hg hina la kure-jaka hg-pe.A-hg hina la fie-mbb'e hg-pe.

A. Morra re-h6 ra:e?

B. A-hg kurl la reunion hg-pe.

model

Ja-hg xe-ndive.

he-ndiye.

'TO THE STUDENT: ndive

Come with me.(literally: Let's go with me.)

Come with him.

'in Fzcmpaniment' in combination with pronouns:

Ixe-ndil;

Ir.de-ndi,.1.he-noivg

ore-ndiveSande -ndivepende-tdivehe-7adive kuera

'Come with me' 2.5. la-hg ye not ej-il xe-naive.

he-ndiv6.

'Come with him' is


patterned response

oz38

1.

2. ,

Morpa re -ho hina?

Morpa re-he hina?

La fiesta hg-pe-pa?a-hg la fiesta hg-pe. Ja-hg xe-ndivg.

Peter cinea-hg peter cine hg-pe. Ja-hg xe-ndivg.

3. Moo-pa re-he hina? Nde-amigo-cumpleafios hg-pe-pa?Hge, a-hg xe-amigo.-cumpleafios hg-pe. Ja-hg

xe-ndivg.

4. Moo-pa re-he hina? Peter fie-ftOty hg-pe-pa?Hge, a-hg peter fie-fiOty hg-pe. Ja-hg xe-ndivg.

5. Moo-pa re-he hina? La nd-hermano-fie fi8ty hgzpe-pa?Hge, a-hg xe-hermano-fie7fiOty hg-pe. Ja-hg

xe-ndivg.

6. Moo-pa re-he hina? Peter fibrairo hg-pe:pa?Hge, a-hg peter fiordiro hg-pe; Ja-hg xe-ndivg.

t


Cycle 17

Manipulation Phase

Patterns for study

A-sE ta ko'5. gui.0-U ta amo gui.

ore-heguf ore-Plata.

Mba'e-pa aj-apO ta i-xugun

0-kak7 i-xugui i-plata.

Xe-resarai ta,pende-heguf.

Oi-k6 ta xuguf gente pora.

I'll leave from here.He'll come from there.

He took our money from us.(se nos auit6 el dinero)

What shall I make from it, orwhat shall I do with it?

He lost his money (se le perdiO:de el] su plata)

I w_11 forget you.

He'll become a f4...e person.

10 THE S7I2DENT:

1. The basic meaning of Eui is 'from'

numerous 'idiomatic' uses above.

2. Person paradigm cf

.739

or 'out of'. Note also the

xe-hgui

nde-heglZ

xugui

cre-neguiHande-hegu:.

pende-heguf

or i-xugua/.

model

AJ-U ulna xe-:"Oga gui. I'm coming from my house.


Ir

YO

Cycle 18

Manipulation Phase

model

A-nace vakue Itaculami-me.(--

I was b9rn in Itapu'ami.

substitution

0-nace 0-nace vakue-Itapu'emT7me.

0 -mends0 -mends vakue Itapulami-me.

0 -mangy0-man6 vakue Itapuiami-me.

0-fie-flotY0 -fie --note vakue Itapu'ami-me.

model

Morpa o-nace raka.e ? Where was he born ?

substitution

0-naceMoo-pa o-nace raka.e ? :

0-meridgMoo pa raka.e ?

0-man6Morpa O-mane raka.e ?.

0-Be-note`Moo-pa o-ne-fiotY raka.e ?

dialog

A. Moo pa re-nace raka.e ?B. A-nac4 vakue Itapu'ami-me.

A. Ha morpa o-pytgi ?

B. Nda-i-mombyrl-i Luaue gui


..1*-7(/

Jse 1:;haqe 6

ancrocriate response

'Moo-pa nde re -race raka.e ?

2. Morpa o-nae raka.!=. ?

3. Moo-pa rej-ag raka.e primer grade ?

aja M6hio-pe, re-hexa-pa raka.e heta mbate ?

5. Araka'e-pa re-guah'e rakace ko'a-ne ?

patths for study

Mba'4-pa re-porandil Nina ? What are you askingb. Mba'6-pa la re-porandil Cvai hina? What is it CthatJ you are asking ?

Mba'4-pa la re-poAndu-se Eva3 ? What is it Ltnat3 you wish to ask ?

d. Mba',1-pa is re-porandil ta Cva]?

e. Mbate-pa is -e-porandilMba'-pa la re-Loranala Ll.iara]?

What is it [that ask ?

What is it [that] you asked ?What is it [that') you must ask ?

THEvaku, varl, in the above sentences are similar in function to the

relat,:ve pronoun 'that' in English (or clue in Spanish) :

va is used in the present and after ta;

vakue (or: va.ekue) is used in the past;

vary (or: va.eraT is used in the sense of'should', 'must'.

trahslatLoh

rei-pota hina.?:rba'6-pa la rei-pota va

vaku6:.la'g-pa la rei-::iota yard ?

What do you want ?What is it that you want.?What is that. you wantedWhat is it that you'd like ?


conversion

Mba'g-pa re-jogug ? ?

Mba'g-pa la re-jogug va'?

2. Mba'g re-vendg ?Mbafe-pa la re-vendg va ?

3. Mba'g-pa re -ape5 hina ? ?

Mba!g-ca la rej-ap6 va hina ?

--Mbavg ?'

4 Mbavg-paMbatg-pa

5. Mbatg-paMba'g-pa

re-purahei hina ? --Mba'g ?la re-purahgi va hina ?

re-porandd ta ? --Mba'g ?

la re-porandd ta va ?

0. Mba,'g-pa re-leg ? --Mba'g ?

Mba'e ba la re-leg ta va ?6.0.

Mbate-paNba'g-pa

8. Mba."6-pa

Mba'g-pa

9 Mba'g-paMba'gloa

10. Mba'g-paMbate-pa

11. Mbate,paMba'gpa

12. Mba."6-pa

Mbarg-pa

13. Mbatg-paMba'rpa

14.. -MbargpaMba'g-pa

15. Mba"4-paMba'epa

re-scrivi-se ? --Mba'g ?

la re-scrivi-se va ?

re-stadia-se ? --Mba'g ?

la re-stadia-se va ? .

re-consegui-se ta ?la re-consegui7sg ta va

re-fitersg ta ? --Mbate ?

is re-riale-sa ta va ?

re-jogug ra.g ? ?

la re-join:7i vakug ?

re-vendg ra.e --Mba'g ?

la re-vendg vakug ?

rej-ap6:ra.g --Mba'g ?

la rej-apa vakug.?

re-purahgi vary ?la re-purahgi vara ?

re-porandS vary ?la re-poranda vary ?

--Mbate

--Mba'g ?


Datterns for study

2. a. Mava-pa la rei-Doty va ?b. Mava-pa la rei-potg ta va ?c. Nava-pa la rei-pota vaku6.?d. Mava-Pa la rei7pota vary ?

Which is the one you want ?Which is the one you'll: want ?Which is the one you wanted ?Which is the one you'd like ?

TO THE STUDENT:Mava-pa means both 'who' and,-7'whichY. (Frecuently 'who?' is renderedgva, so that mava is more - restricted to mean 'which'.)

translation

Maya-pa2. Mava-paa. Mava'pa4. Mava-pa5. Mava-pa-6. isava-pa

T. KOva-pa

re-jogSato?la re-jogug ta va ?re-j5gua-s6 ?la re-j6gua-se va ?'re-jagua ra.e ?la re-jogua vakue ?la re-jogua yard ?

patterns for study

:Sva-De livro la ai-potg va.

Pgva De livrc la ai-rota vakug.

pe livrc la ai-moo ta vara.

Wh;ich one will you buy ?

,hNh is the one you'll buy ?Whih one do you want to buy ?Which\'is the one: you want to buy ?

Which one did you buy ?Which is the one you bought ?Is this the one you'd like to buy ?

That book is the one that I want.

That book is the one Ethan ] I wanted..

That book is the one :that] I'd like.

TO : STUDENTva, vakue, "Tara in these sentences are equivalent 'cc)

'the one that...'

translation

Ai-pota peva pe livro.2. Pgva pe livro la ai-Dotes va.

KOva kO livro la rei-rota vakug.4. Amova amo livro la re-lee yard.

the one' or

I want that book_ ,

That's the book I want.This is the book you wanted.That's the-book you should read.


Cycle 19

Manipulation Phase

Patterns for study (contrast)

Mba'g thing

Mba'e-vg .nothing

Mava who ?

MEva-vg no one

Moo where ?

Moo-ve nc-where

Araka'g when ?never

Mbovg how many ?

Mbavy-ve none

TO mHE STUDENT:From certain interrogative words can be formed the absolute negatives

as shown above by the addition of -vg.

dialog

A. Mg.ve:pa of -k6 a -pe ?

B. mEva-ve

N. lava-pe-pa rei-kuag ConcepciOn-pe ?Nd-ai-kuag-i mava-vg-pe.

A. Mod-pa of -k6 Rafael-?

B. rid -oi-k Oi moo -vg !

A. Mba'g-pa rei-potgNd-ai-pot g-i r_ta'e-ve !

Arakatg-pa jevg to g-be ?

B. Araka'e-ve !


miva-ve

5.-ne o-u mava-ve_:u-o-ke-i miva-ve

5.-oe nd o-1 ri mava-ve

rqtterned resoon.;e

..e a -De ?

o-kar ra.e 5.-De ?

s-mta.apC ra.e 5.-De ?

completion

A-pe kuri: mava-v4.

kuz4"

rd -p-kg- kur:77 m;1va-ve.

:ar1os ogue-rek6 seta mbate ha xe katu

2arlos ogee -rek6 hete Moa'e ha xe katu

frepuentlyo-h6 Conceoci6n-oe,

0-7.faha --p"e rut!


Cycle 20

Manipulation Phase

Wodel

A. Re-vy'g-pilc Paragugi-pe? Are you happy in Paraguay?

B. A-vy'a-it-reT, I'm very happy.

TO-THE STUDENT: There are two levels or grades of superlative 'heightening'.The first-level superlative, which is usually translated ty 'very', isrendered by one of the three variants -te; -jte; ete, the choice dependingon the vowel which comes before the suffix:

to ca.followsitii follows a

et6 follows the other vowels (i; y; u;)

The second -level superlative, which is variously translated 'extremely';very; 'most'; etc, simply adds rep after a first-level superlative.

substitution

pora I-pora-ite la xe-chica.

val I-val-ete la xechica.

.mboria. I-tboriaha-ete la xe-chica.

mbarete I-mbarete-te la xe-chica.

has lias-ete la xe-chica.

patterned response

1. Re-vyig-piko Paragugi-pe?

2' 0-huga pora-piko?

3. 0-fie'i pora-piko:

4. C cosing. pora-piko?

0-hugg pora-iterel.


Cycle 21

Maninulat4on Phase

Mba',5 n5ra-pa hIna ko'ago? What time is it now?

sbstittion

mes

model

Mbar hOra-na hIna koraYba'6 dipa hIna koierga?Mbaie mesa hIna koia-ga?

ixa-na o-He-norandil la How does one ask 1%)- the time?

r,"6r re?

THE STU:ENT: re (short for rehe) is the equivalent of 'about;

dialog

A. ba'4 ixa-na o-?e-norandil la hOra re?

E. C-je-'6: Mba'6 hOra-pa hina koiaga?


model

Ko'aga la una rupi hIna.

A-pu'a las doce y media rupi.

It's now about 1.

,I got up at about 12:30.

TO THE STUDENT: (a) rupi means 'about; approximately'.

(b) The time of day is given in Spanish:

is una menos dieslas doce y media

suostitution

re-Pu'are-Heno (go to bed)

3.ej-apo-pg (finish)

re-Repyra (begin)

re-karrl

re-rambosg (eat breakfast)

12:5012:30

'Mba'g hOra-pare -pu'a ra.e?Mba'e hOra-pa re -Reno' ra.e?,

Mba'g Mira-pa rej-apo-pg ra.e?Mbate hOra-pa re-Repyra ra.e?Mba'e nOra-pa re-karra ra.e?Mba'e hOra-pa re-rambosg ra.e?

conversion (add -se ta 'will want to' to the,VERB)

Mba'g hOra-pa re-pu'a?Mba'g hOra-pa re-Reno?Mba'ghOra-pa rej-apc5?Mba'6 nOra-pa reL-RapyrinMba'.6 hOra-pa re-karra?Mba'g hOra-pa re-rambosg?

Use Phase


Mba'6 hOra-pa re-pa'a-se ta?Mba'g hCra-pare-Reno-se ta?

hOra-pa rej-apo-sg ta?Mbate hOra-pa re-fiepyru-s6 ta?Mba'g hOra-pa re-keru-se ta?Mba'g hOra-pa re-rambOsa-se ta?

I. Mbaig hOra-pa ko'aga? (9:05)

2. Mba'g hOra-pa ko'aga? (10:15)

3. Mba'g h6ra-pa ko'aga? (11:30)

4. Mbate horn -pa ko'aga? (12:45)

5. Mba'e hOra-pa ko'aga? (1:57)

Mba'g hOra-pa re pu'a ra.e ko pyhare-vg?

7. Mba'g hOra-pa re-Rena ra.e ange pyharg?

8. Mba'g Mira-pa re-karu-se ta?

9. Mba'6 hOra-pa re--rambos6? 9rf


models

h:na

Lu-es, 28 ie -..:ctubre h:na.

'What day is 't?

Monday, October 28.

ra:e kuehe? (kueheamtu6)

Domingo (sgvado; kurl.

What c.a.y was it yesterday?

ciay beforeyesterday)

It was Sunday (Saturday).

r-:;bate di 2 ta-pa hina ko'eroko'e amOu'e. ro) ?

o'ero Martes ta hina.

What day will it be tomorrowday after tomorrow) ?

Tomorrow will be Tuesday.

Tiote that 'sure, ra.e, ta and hYna are used in verblesssentences.

Use Phase

appropriate resoonse cr directed .:.:Iscourse

Mba'.5 nIna ko'rga ?di-oa ra.e kuene ?

Mba'g di ta-oa ..Ina ko'ero ?Mbovy hOra-pa ogue-rek6 petel dig ?M ov dig ^pa ogee -rek6 oetei semana ?7bovy semana-pa ogue -rek6 petel-mes ?.ovy mes-pa ogue-rek6 peter aF.o 2

o. hOra-pa re-se ta koeg. gui?.


Cycle 22

Manibulation Phase

modei

A-mba.apo-ve kokug-pe. I work mainly in agriculture.

:0 THE STUNT 7 a. -vg 'more' would translate the Spanish principalmente.

b. kokug, literally 'farm' or 'field' is used also in the

sense of 'agriculture', 'agricultural work'.

. .

lexical - substitution

kokugcocina (kitchen work)hojalaterla (tilework)herreria (foundry work).

alvafiileria (masonry)

aO-ap6 (tailoring)

model

a-mba.apo-ve kokug-pea-mba.apo-ve cocina-mea-mba.lpo-vg hojalaterla-pea-mba.apo-vg herrerla-pea-mba.apo-vg alvaailerla-pea-mba.apo-ve ao- apo -pe

Mbarg-pe-pa re-mba.ap6 ? In what do you work ?

t.-

dialog

mba'g-be-ua means 'in what ?'

A. Mba'g-pe-pa re-mbalpo-vg ?

B. A-mbaApo-ve kokug-pe.


Pha


Francisco albaHil, zero o-mta.aco- Ci-ko-se gui ifi-hermano

Pedro ha Daniel ndi.avel: hero o-ba.apo-v;:: la koku-ne. Daniel katu o-mba.apo-v

nojalater!..a7pe, ha,ecfpirek6, a::-ap6-pe ha cocina-me.


ca' -Depa o-mba:azo-v Francisco 7

o-mba.ap.6 L eL ;embrec5 ?

Ha :an:el ?

Pedro-pa mEva ?re-za Francisco n-Ipba.apo-- la koku6-Pe ?

:1Paie-pe-pa ode re-mta.ap6 ?

Moo-pa o-mba.apC ?

Mba'67pe-pa o-;mba.ap5 :de-s7 ?

Cycle 23

Ylanipulation Phase

A-,tuane kuehe ambu6. I arrived the day before

yesterday.

?..ueh e ambu6

Aje'l (a vile ago)Las cuatro rupinge-t6 (j1.st now)

.;,nge pyhar6 (last night)

pynare-v..=:; this morning)

A-guahe kurl kuehe ambueA-guahe kurl aje'iLas 4 rani a-guahe kurlnge-ttl a-guahe kur].'

Ang pyhare-a-guahe kurlpyhare-v a-ane kuri'


Ararla'g-ca re-guahe ra.e kcig-De? 'e,-hen did ycu get here ?

Araka'gpa 2e-se ta ko'5. gui ? When will you leave from here ?

Arakapa re-gua_e ra.e ko'g-ce ?

Ic.uehe ambug.

Use Phase

mate resconse

o-guahe ra.e Francisco Paragu4-pc ?211.ava-pa Francisco ?

>:0o-pa o-ho-se Carlos ndi-vg ?ra o-ho-se Brasil-pe ?

, Francisco-pa o-to-se Brasil-pe o -juka hagua jagun

0. Francisco o-fieve-se inglgs, ajg-pa ?:4:cave-pa o-porandU Carlos, Francisco-De ?

a. Araka'g-pa 0-se ta Carlos ha Fran4isco ?

9. Arakarg-pa o-guahe ta Brasil-pe Carlos ha Francisco?lC. Araka'g-pa re-se ta ko'g. gui ? Ko'ero-pa ?

Araka'g-pa o-guahe ra.e la nde-amigo ko'g-pe


Kuehg o-guahe kurt Paraguay -pe Francisco, Carlos-amigo. Francisco o-UCarlos :77Oga7pe oi-potg. gui Carlos 0-116 hendivg Brasil-pe, rio Amazona pevg.

Francisco 6-ho-se o-juicy hagua jaguaretd'ha o-fie'e-se gui la Amazona-pe gua

indio kUgra fic'e.Ha Carlos c-porandU Francisco-pe: 'Araka'e-pa fia-se ta ko'a-gui ?'

'tunes las 3 rupi', ne-'1 Francisco. 'Ha araka'g-pa fia-guahe ta Brasil-pe',

0-porandU Carlos..


Manibu7,,t'on Phase

model

11.

a-mbopu-kuag.-i mbaraka. : don't know how to play the guitar. 1

subtitutibn

:,:baraka

Ea .rba ?

Ha mba'e-ve ?

Ha violin ?

Ha biano ?

substitution

Arba.

3z-a-mboou-kuag.i mbarak.

Nd-a-mbopu-kua:_q-i frba.

Nd-a-mbopu-kua5.-i

biano.

Arpa katu a-mbopu-kuaL

Violin violin katu ambopu-kuaf,..

2,1-barake'.

natterned response

2.,:baraka Aatu

Re-Mbopu-kua5.-pa mbarak f ?

S.

T. si arba ?

S. Arba katu a-mboou-kuaL

2. T. ,

Re-:mbopu-kua5.-pa violin ?

2. as piano ?

L . Re-mbopu-kuaf_i-pa trompeta ?

Ha mbarak5. ?


model

na 6ga-pe ko pyhare,la nde-mbarakg.

Come to the house ton5.ght andbring the guitar.

2'_zmulation

na Oga-pe ko pyhare.na Oga-pe ko pyhare.

la nde-mbarakg.na 5ga-pe ko pyhare ha er-il la nde-mbarakg.

...Ha-mbopu.Ej-ia na Oga-ne ko nyharg er-i la nde-mbarakg, ha Ea-mbopil.

ja-ourahgi.na Oga-pe ko pyharg er-ii la nde-mbarakg, na -mbond ha ja-purahei.

5 . ja-aperitg.

TC.

dialcz

Re-mbopu-kuag-pa mbarakg?

A-mbonu-kuag perc are ma nd-a-mbopu-ve-i.

AI Mba'6 teko-pa, .nde-gusta-pa Well, did you like the prc.

la programa?

B. Xe-gusto-iterel.Ajg-pao-mbopu-pora-ite pe Jose la

mbarakg.

I sure did. soy, that Joseplays the. guitar well.


.rao,del

E-mboliasa xe-ve pe lapis. Please hand me ri Dead_.

subs i vution

_ab-s E-mbohlsa mf xe-veD-

Llvro E-mboAsa ml xe-ve De livro.

Vorrador E-mboh\asa xe-we De vorrador.

7-mbohlsa ull xe-ve pe t".sa.

fo- it

Teacher indicates:.2

Book A. E-mbohasa mf pe livro.

B. Na

A. E-mbohasa xe-ve-

B. a a-oe.

A. E-mconasa cal xe-ye pe :7.

B. Na

A. E-mbohasa mf xg-ye D. joky'.

B. Na' e. -"e.

moce

3j-PD6una o-haseL hague he passed in front of the

bank° rovIii. bank an hour ago.

substitution

Bank:, ;oval

Ku'e. rupi .

Calle Es-DaFia rupi

Qj-ap6 una 5ra o-has hague Danko roved.

una 5ra o-hasa hague kotg. rupi

0j-ap6 una Ora o-hase. hague calle espaHa rupi.

0


Rinoga rupi

translation

0j-ap6 una Ora o-hasg hague noEa rupi.

1. I just massed him the salt.2. I just passed in front of the bank.3. The bus passed by here an hour ago.

Did he pass you the bill ?

5: Please pass me that book.o. Please pass by my house.

7. We must pa.ss by the post office.

S. He should mass you his pencil.

model

i-taYra-pe escuela-peof -potg gui opytg o-mba:ap6kokue-pe.

He doesn't send his son toschool, because he w,:nts himto stay and work on .the farm.

substitation

Escuela-pe

Club IL -ne

Reunion-hg-pe

Misa-h& ,pe

Paraguay -pe

Jeroky-hg-pe

i-tagui o-pytg o-mba

gui o-pytg o-mba

'(fra-pe escuela-pe of -potg

.ap6 kokue-pe.

'fra-pe Club 4-C-pe of -po g.ap6 kokue-pe.

inclusion

1. Oi-potg o:pytg o-mba.ap6 kokue-pe.Nd-o-mboll i i-ta'fra-pe of -potg gui.o-pytg o-mba,ap6 kokue-pe.

2. Nd-oi-potg-i o-h6 ha'g no.i-ta'yra-pe nd-oi-potg-i gui.o-h6 ha'e fic5.

3. Pytu-eterei r16ga-rape. -.

Nd-o-mbo6-i i-ta'gra-pe pyta-eterei gui rlga-rape.

2v.


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I I

a)

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111,

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a)

4

Nal ni.i4

(340.


substitution

Pcna Ran

Me'dico Eana

Cabuia

na'..?":"pa

uce cona":Eang?

er-6? :kat3 -2a

c-mbon;uerg xu-te upe medico fiana?

ko o-mbonguera-

transfozmation

0-kuera

C-k4

Cavaja

natterned resznse

2

M-Da'6pa er-6?

11-Da'6-pa er-6?

3. :ba16-pa er-e?

4. Mba'6.-pa er-6?

I don't know. ut could cure

(Why no at and see?)

ko c-mbar.;-ue-rimba'6

Ikata kc c- ea=r r2ca'

ko o-mboin.76 nba'6 xu-pe.

ko xu-pe.

Ikata ko o-mbongava

0-m1;:onguer6. ne-pa xu-2e up6 pone-.

ikatu kc o-mbonsuerFa a.!6 xu-pe.

0-=boat ria ne-pa xi -pekc o2:mbogara mba'6 xu-pe.

0-mboing6 ne-pa xu-pe escuela-pe i-s}?Ika ko o-mboingemba16 xu-pe.

0-mbong6 ne-pa xu-pe 1;eindy?ko o-mbong6 mba'6 xu-7e.


Mbatg-ba er-g ? 0-mbongavajil ne-pa xu-pe i-tuva ?

k; mbat& xu-pe.

trans: orma.ion

bora ma-pa-la nde-sapatilAi-pote re-mbovera pora-vg xe7vs.

pord ma-pa. la.nde-kamby ?re-moopupu pc-a-ve xg-ve._

C -' ma-pa la ?o

:;ahLniri. re-nbojy porn -vg xg-ve.

bore ma -pa la nde-memby ?

_ri. -potg. re-mSojahil bor7 -vg xg-ve.

cord ma pe You've gOt a good. fire goingthere. ;L:t. That'your fire-L.: already flaming well.)

xe -rat_

,j

ne. (.good and wet) ***

xs.-re7a__

cora'I ma p nde-;-embi-'5..(good and .ot)

nca---kambux'i. (good and full).

?arguaymany ceople wash their clothes and lay them out on the grass,

cambil-.atiol. of the soap and the sun's rays-is believed to get

...eaner than :A;.st wasning and rinsing them. i)uring the process of

tne tney can': be allowed to dry or .the soap ano dirt will

cl,an frm they ta,ke a bucket of water and


076,0

fication

Go through the above '.11 again, this time with the teachergiving the first part ar.d the students giving the second part.

model

Hake u-gue ma hina pe nde-rata. Look out, your fire is goingort.

give oppositec

1. Hend -Dora ma pr nde-rata.hgke, o-gue ma hina pe nde-rata .

Tora ma pe nd-a6.i-kg. ma hina pe nde-a6.

3. ftakii.pora Loa nd=-;embi-'1a.

L'usa ma hina pe. nde-rembi-'d.

. nenyb"4 ! Tore.' ma pe ,..de-kambuxi..

HLY.?., nand!: ma hina pe nr",!-kambuxl:

model

E-mbyendl. pe nde-:at, hake o-gue Feed your fire, (lit. melte it

ma hina. flame) It -'.bout to go c_lt.

t.ransformation

1. nerdy nbra ma-Da xe-rata?E-mbyend pe nde-rata, h6ke o-gue ma hina.

2. IH-akg pora ma-pa pe xe-a6?E-mbyakg pe nde-a6, hake i-ka ma hina.

3. pord ma-pa pe nde-ltembi-'d?

4. aeuyhe-1=a ma-pa pe nde-kambuxi.


cdel

Re-mbogUa-,A-kuaa r8, ai-porukg If you know how to drive I'll lend

ta ndg-ve la xe-coche. you my car.

substitution

2,1boguatg, camion

Zb000tI, Mookg.

21tou, moarakg

model

Re-mboguatg-kuag r8, ai-porukg ta ndg-ve la xe-.,

camlon

Re-mb000t-kuaa ro, ai-oorukg ta ndg-ve la xe.-

mooka.

Re-mbopu-kuaa r5 ai-porukg ta ndg-ve la xe-mbarakg.

va ro-mbopoti la korap. Both of us clean the yard.

substitution

ok5i-v.,_ ye_

Zochapy-ve va

uatrc.;-ve v a

-eis -ve va

va

subs'Ytuticn

cl-kuag, zbarakg::ito=7,uat-kuag, cache

Y.bcjahr.i, ic

r.i.erta

va ro-mboboti la korap:7.

Moo aoy -ve va ro-mbcpoti la koraly,.

Lo cuatro -ve va ro-mboboti _a koraoS..

seis-vee va ro-mbopotI la koraoSr'.

ilntero-ve va ro-mboboti la korapy.

Mokoi-vg va ro-mtopli-kuag la mbarakg.Mokai-vg va ro-mboguat2.-kuag la coche._.

va ro -mbc jc.r to mites.

va ro-mbc,nE,% la huerta.


REINFORCEMENT STAGE

Games and Contests

1. ARete-pa te-ra-_a Japia?

1. Japon-pe nda-ipori arros.

2. Paragugi o-pytg Africa-De.

3. CaVajl: of -k6 rya'e-ve coche gui.

4 jaguarete o-kyhyje ovexg gui.

5. Yvs.'r tuixa-ve kuara* gui.

6. Cuba-pe o-I het Cuerpo de Paz-pe gug voluntario.

7. Paragugi-pe nda-ipori kokue.

8. S 0-pupa 1000. centigrado-pe.

9. S? o-fie-congelg 32. centigrado-pe.

10. Texas tuixa-ve Alaska gui.

11. Mberia o-je-jukg mbokg-De.

12. Jaguarete o-je-jukg insecticida-pe.

.13. Re-fiete-kuaa-se ro guarani, re-studi: va.erA chino.

14: Re-ho-se-r8 Paragugi-pe, re-fie'&'-kua5".,va.era ingleg ha ruse.

15. Paragugi-pe o-I kumandg.

16. Paragugi-pe ingles-pe.

17. KoiAga-ite Estados Unidos o-Horaira hina Rusia ndi.

18. Paragagi-De nd-o-h6-i va gueteri voiunto arakaie-ve.

19. Paragugi nd-ogue-rek6-i gueteri aviOn.

20. Mava-ve ava-fie'e Paragugi-pe.

2. Data Gathering Relay


EA

Se forman tres filas como aparece arriba. 'A' y 'C' se sientan

frente a frente separados por cierta distancia. 'B' sin embargo queda

parado en medio de ellos y sirve de mensajero o intermediario entre

'A' y 'C'. 'A' posee una lista de 20 preguntas y 'C' posee una lista

de 20 informaciones (vealasm5.'s adelante). '3' lleva las preguntas de

'A' a 'C'. Y tambien trae las respuestas de 'C' a 'A'. Veamos por

e,jemplo:

(dirigiendose a A) Mba'e-pa rei-kuaL'-se?

A (,,,Srigiendose a B) E-norandd xu-pe moo pa o-mba apO.

3 (dirigiendose a C) re-mba.ap6?

C (dirigiendose a B) A-mba.ap6 petei Universidad-pe.

3 (dirigiend,:se a A) o-mba.apo-ha petei Universidad-ne.

otra vez:

3: Mba'e-pa rei-kuaa-se?

porandd xu-De, mg.va-ndi pa o -kar' ta ko'ero.

3: .lava-ndi-Da re-ka_rti ta ko'ero?

C: Ko'ero a-kard ta peteT.kuEatai ndi.

gbaTe-pa ne-'1

3: ta-ha pete: ktifiatal


C

Preguntas

(en tosesi6n de 'A')

. L-toranda xu-pe:

Morpa o-mba.ap6?

ta ko'"41.-o?

3. ixa-ta

Mba'6 ixa-ta ne a i -s ha

5. Yba'6-pa 0j-ap5 hina ko'qa?

ma-ta?

Mba'e-ta oi-koteve?

0. Ikat-ta Ha-He'e ingles clase-De?

9. Yoa-Eui-ta ou ra.e hina kuehL

oj2apo-sg ko' aka -it:.?

ta la xha'6- va?

7 '7) va- :di'pa o-h6 ra.e, la baile

1 Ikatfi-ta hendive?

i1. 0-cena-s5-pa xe-ndiv& ko pyhare?

Araka'&-p9. o-h6 ta ParaguE-pe?

Marla-ndi?-

17. kuma.ndg. Paraguli-te?

Nfo-ho mjsa

:9. L:ret-1 biblioteca-pe?

va.er1.-p riEs-1-6s :uso clase-t,.?


Respuestas

(o afirmaciones en poder de 'C')

1. A-mba.ap6 peter Universidad-pe.

2. Korero a-karit ta petei kuilatai

3. X6 xe-1,t6ra

L Xe-sfy-- Narta ha xe-r' iCesar.

5. Kola nina guarani.

o A-s:..rivl-kua5. ma.

petei cache ha olata.

a. nee, pe-fiete clase-De.

9, Kuehe a-ju kuri hina

10. A-s-s-"e' ha a--.--aru-s:4.

a-hen7,d-i la he-'. va.

:katrl. X6 aver. a-f5e""e-s4 hendiv6.

Ko yhare va.era

A-ha ta PalaguL-ne febrero-De.

Ylava-r?a Maria-ndi?

L7. 01-I kumanda Paraguai-pe.

1h. ta dcmin,zo misa

?eLota ja-huga va.era canc. -pe.

e va rusc.

.26-5


La meta del juego es ver que trio halogrado mgs rapidamente mayor

informeciOn correcta. El maestro supervisara para ver que las respuestas

. y preguntas sean hechas por medic de 'B' y que nadie Naga tramnas. A

peser de que 'A' y 'C' tienen sus preguntas y respuestas escritas 4sta

es y debe ser una actividad totalmente hablada.

Al final el maestro harg las comprobaciones correscondientes y

anunciara el equipo ganador.

Se forma unMaestro, 1

bien, el maestro

Maestro:Estudiante 1:Estudiante 2:Estudiante 3:Estudiante 4:Estudinte 5:Estudiante 1:

Juan 0-116 Kurt. Nueva York-pe.

circulo bien estrecho. Supongamos que el circulo vaya

, 2, 3, 4,-5 o de acuerdo al ndmero de estudiantes. Ahura

comienza diciendo:

Juan o-ho kt=r1 Nueva York-pe.Moo-pa o-kard ra.e Juan?Juan o-kard kurt Nueva York-pe.Moo-pa o-leg ra.e Juan?Juan o-leg kurt. Nueva York -tie .

Mba'g-pa o-leg ra. d Juan?Juan o-leg kurt guarani Nueva York-pe.

etc.

El juego consiste en que cada estudj'ante deberg citar algo aue Juan

hizc o tabra hecho en su viaje a Nueva York. Mgs cuando uno de los

estuctiantes no pueda hacerlo en el tiempo que el maestro tome en contar

hasta diez dejarg el circulo y no participarg en la actividad, hasta que

ctro sea expulsado del circulo y a auien reemplazarg. Y asi sucesivamente.

NALIE puede repetir un verbo. Esta actividad durarg hasta que hayan sido

:::pasado --)dos los verbos conocidos.


Este e.1 un par a Pjercitar el uso Ikatuua y fika-omo permis:L. :er iividr1 la r.lase Pn dos P.;uipo3 fornndc un

csrrs;.:10.

El_ maestro tendrg una isa de U.) o cosas las cuales los

estudiantes tien-,-n -1 p-rm::;-) Estas diez cosas son:

1. rkattil

ikat 1;e-ne'e

Ikatu pe-ke clase-p'.Ikatu pc-ne'e guarmi.IkaikaiJi

g-pP,

7 pe- ague-reko.

(-Ht-

LIPhrip-xika-ne.

son ezz*.

jueg diez ;un,os ,;upcsicione:: 'omo

;L gu, pur ejem1,-):

Maestro: pp -hug"...

,

::Dte ;.:rier, n correc.,1.

Ahora quedan 9 . . r w io 10 punt-)::

hayan jue uico ha logrado mayor

;.,dede he:-3.

- " :


REVIEW STAGE

listening in

A. A-He'>e"-se mi kufia-karal Lobo-ndi?

:J.tale?

ikate-pa kuila-karal Lobo-ndi?

:lava-ndi?

A. karai Lobo-ndi ?

ikand, ikatd. Mbate gui-ciko nd-ikata

A. A-gradece ndg-ve.

listenina: for study

.

Ikatd-na ro-fiZte mI karal Gomez ndi?

A-porandd to .xu-pg. Kara Gomez ko'E norteamericanos o-KELe-se

nale-ndive.

2.e-ndivg-pa? Xe nd-a-H'e-se-i he-ndive kugra.

. 1;',--hen-'1d-na ra.? 'Td-o-aE'e-sg-i pende-ndivg. Mbarg-7pa.

pc:_-kuaa-se. /

/A. Roi-kuaa-s° ikatd-pa ro-haga ml pelota i- cancha -pe.

listening

A ixa-na Carlos?

I-ccrE-nte. -Ha nde?

A. :-:.or... -nte avel% Moo-pa re-h6 hIna?

L. Xe hIna 5ira gui.


REVIEW STAGE


Mba'6, ndegustg.-pa la *Eembi-'u? Well, do you like the food?

Hee, o-coaina-h4 la nsie-Z.embirektl. Yes, your wife cocks deliciously.

e pa rej-apa va.era re-ne'e-kua.a' pora-s4, ve ramo karaL-ne'e?

e' pa aj-apO va.era a -e' e-kuaa pra-se 4 ramc karal-ne'.4?

!1ba'.5-pa oj-apa va.era-o-ne'e-kua pore -se ye ram-) karal-ne'e?

,,a e pa roj-,..0 va.era rn-neo,?-kuaa pord-s v4 rain karai-nP'.?

, I-e pa jaj-apa a-ne'e-kuaa pord-se ramp karai-ne' 9

peg -apa =1.era rJe- pord-se vc ra.mo Karal-n'e?

rej-ap r:ina re r.n-H,a-me?

hira

AL-pir hiha

h'.na

A-mto' hIna

A-m,::cmimoi hind 7...anr,

A-mb-,j/ nlna kamty,

hina k;mand7i.

A-:.bomLmei hina

A-mboZ hina xe-rer 'a

rook)

di


A-mb:_xy Nina jet;,. (fry; roast)

A-mbixy hina mandi'5.

A-mbix!hina so'O.

A-mbomim5i hina mandi'5.

A-mbomim5i hina kumandL

::Ina

A-mtomim3i hIna papa.

Mba6-7,-a ta?

Pesue-rek5-pa so O apu'g?

2egue-rek6pa chip guasu?

?gigue -rektl-pa asgdo?

Pegue-rek6-pa kumandg?

Pegue-rek6-pa sopa paragugya?

Pe.Tue-rek6-pa avatT.

Pegue-reke-pa 16cro?

Pegue-rek6-pa tallarl7n?

Pegue-rek6-pa arrOs seco?

Mbaeg-pa re-je-serve ta?

P.-FLue-rek6-pa von': vorT.?

Dor7.,r5r?

.

Pegue-re4o pa mbalpy he'-e?

f.9pa so T joscpv.

Pegue-rek6-pa pirg?

'ogue-rek6'pa mbusLal.?

(boil)

alm6ndiga (meat balls)

-q 70


Pegue-rek5-pa coc5.do ha ?

Pegue-rek5-Da sapor6 ?

Pegue-rek6-pa rora kambS'r ?

2egue-rek6-Da ryguasa kace ?

Pegue-rek6-pa puch6rO ?

Mba'.6-Da re-je-servi to postre r ramo ?

Oi-pa kes era re ?

01-oa era ha ?

0.1-pa pakovg. ?

narLaja ?

0I-na =era ?

?

Mba'6 y to -egue-rek6 ?

3 sandiL

07. merE3.

CI narL1,;a.

Ss 2 .

01 m,c.

O27 arasg-.

J-


hIna

not: hIna

0-cocin=

nEna.

hints.

0-merend'i hIna.

_:-rambosg. ..:.^.a.

72

-ky'. Ndai-puru-s6i. This plate is dirty. I don't want

tc use it..

Ko ouchs.ra i-ky a. Na al-puru-s6-'

Ko kyst=:.

Ko -.ened6r

ko tembi-'4a.

ogue-rek6 ?

This food isn't tasty.What's wrong with it ?

,:6-kuag-Pa ? Can you cook ?

va:12 cook Pretty badly.

f--pa ko !

2.a1apa o-cocina ?

c,-cocina-kur"-.

This food is delicious.Who cooked it ?

I,!aria did.

a-,..,11.1.1-s4 a. I want .to eat now.

ma-pa tembi-' u ? :s the food ready ?

v a:-:o-pa cgue-rek5 'now cici is he ?

a-7..tctc- 23. lesterday he turned 23

Y.ava -

Xe-he 7di kurl-

inlaa

Qu:len perdij3 su

Yo lo perdi ayer.e -cuien se ha Perdido tambi.n el

tY.nero. Ie nadie.


-,-kuaa"

kar

fl-1-0,:rie-f-i-1 Lan.

,a.17ue-ru as

nde--

arr.

katu a-stadia-s4 guarani".

mbVe-vg,

1 don't bring bait td.

You don't bring meat.He doesn't bring bread.We (incl.) don't bring sugar.We (exc.) don't bring rice.

You -L-7J bring yerba.

'want b_ 'ad.

"ou don't wantHe doesn(t want m,-at.We (incl.) don't want rice.We (excl.. don't want yerba.You'(b1.) don't want sugar.

don't sp-.-%k Guarani.

You don't seak English.He doesn't s-,eak Sbanish.We (incl.) d_n't ,sbeak German.

excl.) dol't speak Spanish.(pl.) don't steak Frenen.


(chal.ge to negative and vice versa)

nd-a-karu-i

a-studig

a-lega-scriv1.

translation

When did you leave ?When will you arrive ?

-at did you bring me ?Wnat will you take ?

will you bring =e a gift ?

Why dc you want to bring me a gift ?


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attr:briate response

Morna re-anrehde raka.e,karal-He'e?7: Mbate h6ra-nkl re-ney ra.e?-:, Arakate.guiye-pa re-ilepyra ra. e re- stadia la ga-rani.

4. Pe-Hen'FI vo.T.-pa ra.e ane pyhare?

5. Mbate ixa-pa la re-je-ekivoke ra.e?6. Mava-pepa oHe-me'e ra :e is carta?

:'.stening in

Xe guZiteri ha ya tarde ma?

E-put a katil na, ,1a- studio va.ell guarani.

A. Mba'6 re-ma re-pu'a=. Iste die a-mete va.era Deter. discursc s'uarani-me.

A. Mba'e Ora-Da re-Du' E ta?Las dies, pero a-studi5_ to xe-1'.upg-De ko'aga.

A. E-pu'a, kuarahSr- yvate ma.

z. Xe a-ke-se-vg gueteri, e-pula na nde.

A. E-mbogue ma ..)e :.dio, xe a-ke-se-ve gueteri.

b. Na-a-mbogue re-put-a pe,ve?

listening in

./ / / / / HA. 7--'e-hendu ml:. "A-pyka puku kute-pe e-p,2ka -ui:u.

._ .. .. , ..E... .11--e mi ,evy.

A. . "A-Dy.ka'. Dupuku kute--De a-Duka puku/ "

-.7,.. ikatil-ta er-e 71 ievl mbegu,!, . -i;:l mi-...-e?

A "A-Dykgr. Duke kupe-De a-DukZ ,7.1:.1.1."

nd-a-n tende-iri.

A. :ba'.:4-ba la nde-r.,!-ntenci

Nc'-a-mtende-imba'e-v.::...-::endu mI eirf-.

::--e-mboty tende-res ha pe-17.endrijevf7.

"A-bvk b-',.11'kutt.,, a-buker. mukL"


"i.LVIEW SAC,E

-rans-ao_on

a-na-s g Paragug.i-pe.

ja.g. re-no-se Brasil-ne.o-no-s g ILsza,fla-ze.

an e Francia-pe.Mehico-ze.

Pe,72: Fer.

no xe-ndiyg.

xg a-hg. n;le-ndive.

;:avg ron6 hendive..

7.anag ha' o-h Hande-ndive.ore-nive.

ore r.)-h6 zende-ndive.- .

a-n. nde-ndivz1.re-n6 xe-ndivg.

Ha'g ikat o-e herdiv.7iandg nendive kugra.

iat ro-n6 oende-ndavg.2pz:

gui.

escuela gui.

Ha' g gui.

:andg reunion-hg. gui.

roj- :;orteamgrica gui.

centro gui.

I want o go to Paraguay.You wan: to go to Brazil.He wants.togo to Spain.We (incl) want to go to France.

We (excl) want to go to Mexico_

You (pu) w.-21t to go to Peru.

want vu to go with me.You wanc me .3 go with you.He wants us to go with him.

We DIncl) wL.nt him to go with us,

We (excl) wr.no you to go lith

You (ti) want us to go with you.

I can go with You.You can go withHe can go wit:, him.

We can go with them.We can go with u.

You can go with us

I come from town.You come fr:.m school.

He comes from Asuncion,.We come from the meetiL.We come from Nortn r: erica.

You ail come from

7 a"


0.3-hr: ma.

. , ..karai rcEa-p.

va :!-6-a-pe-;Ja?

:.,. 2c-j.-,L-kuag.-L. Nda-xe-mantuia-i..

L a re-stuaia-s'C?

-a a-sturlig.- nde-ndive?

hdr xt,-naive.

:a-La

ma.pcc re-h ta?

X6 aj-apura hIna.

re-h6 a.

r.F:uhch

oi-co la reuniOn?

ma

P.osa

iea ha ndt::-x.xe-mbcriahu.

_-oriahu aye'"?:. h:L'4


n:na . 'EZ-a?

kura nd-o-studia-sgipelota

Supplementary ?ractice

kua-me .

Mber:1 :l_ -pe

A-:".e-mon,de pya'e kurl.

:.e-f:e-nendyva'6 ma-pa?

-rent g

-je-servf na.

ixa

0-He-mondg.Ro-F.e-mondg-a-fle-mohd'",

more)

::a-xe-;iata-vel-i ma.mo'a-ve-i ma.

0-je-serv!:-ve to -pa so'6?

_)-je-servi mi-ve to -pa?


Flande Eiai-me" hg. Paraguai-pe.

1.e ha r.a.'6 am6 gui.

Pew pej-f].

No se ve desdeHe cut his finger. (Se cortf el

dedo.)Flies are killed by Flit.

I dressed fast.It'is not done in that way.

Have you shaved?Se vende caro.I'll go wash up.Help yourself, please. (Sfrvase)

As1 no se dice.I get dressed.You get dressed.He gets dressed.We get dressed.We get c. ssed.

You get dressed.

I don't have any more money.I won't sar any moWill he have some more melt?

Will he have a litt:e


atpropr'Pt,- r,-stons=.

Mo gui-ta ndg. rej-d?Ndepa re2 -5. kola gui?

3. Hale-pa ko'a gai t & am gui?4. lr roj-d am6 gui, ag-pa?

listening in

A. Moo guilta pej-d?3. Roj-d c'entroA. Ha mor-oclko =e -h6 ta?

to xe-rCga-De.A. ZG a-pyta ta a-pe.

A. laid c-d Peril gui?

Nan'aniri. Ndo-d-i upe gui?A. Moo g-i-ta o-a ha' /?

:David rd o-d gui.

translation

X aj-d Norteamerica gui.Hale. o-d u.p6 gui avel.Nde up e gui.

Carlos nd-o-;d-i Peril gui, Paraguaigui.

u7D6 gui?

Y.ava-pa o-a ra.e Ldque gui?Arakal4-ta re-s."4.." ta kola gui.?

listening in

A. Moo gUi-pa pej-d?it. X6 aj-5. Norteamerica gui.

kart o -.. Peril gui.

A. «c3 gui?

I come from North America.He comes from there too.You don't come from there.Carlos doesn't come fromPerd,He comes from Paraguay.Doesn't he come from here.Who came f:om Luque?When will you leave here


:

7.answors

:a re-ra'aaf:er yod

a.

:a,clean:

a-n ta, na will -nave and my

a xe-sapatL

a-_ na ta wiT1 geo and ::.7o for a

walk.

oa, na a-nenC7i ta : will ea- treakfa,:: and cal:

girl frend.

:a u-Mta.ap.will ,-ro to work.

:a a-mta.al-,6.I will "begin

re-.Ina?What are you. doing?

a. A-herd r.ãio a-fie-hendyva16I am listening to the radio wh:le

shave.

S. Y..1.1e-v,g, ne'lra gue'..teri a-pu'a :;othing, I aven't 5u...,..en oldo of

5ui.bed yet.

'r a. a-Ina la r:ande-i-up5.7 I am making our beds.

d. ar-na la iiandel-savang.. I am ironing our sheets.

A-_ekl. a-Tr.a xe-re1C. Ai-kua--s I am looking for my -watch_

ra' 5ra-ca hIa.-want to kno-:: what time it i.e.


a. Py.

va.era.

Ho'ro "a.-Du'

I. a. E-mbcgu6 py la l's ha ja-k6.

na, xeradio.

a. Ora-pa Ha-f"leb ta?

b. Awzl-itg ma. Nde-ropeh:7i ma-pa?

. Mba7.5 repa re-?he :14:6 ma?

5. Xe-:e'3-etere este di5..

a. Pedro: Re-kg ma-pa?

P. :;ahaniri. Mbal4-pa rei-pot?

a. 3-mbou4 pe .1-o ha ja-k4.

t. fa-ha.aro mi-v6 na, a-hendu-s6,ra rete mba'4.

7 a. 3-karir: py, nd. ikatui ningoa-k4 nue-hegui.

b. X4 nd-a-ke-s4-i guel:teri, ha

zmava ndi-pa ta nda-

a. X.4 a-Ee-mbcf ta ma hagua.

b. H- x6 ave5_. 'Mo7-3-pa la

Hande-fras4.da?

Let's go to bed then. Tomorrow

we have to get up early.

I don't want to go to sleep yet.

Turn the light off and let's goto sleep.

Let wait a while. T want to

listen to the radio.

What time will we go to led?

Right now. Are you sleepy?

Why have you gone to iced already?

Because I'm very tired today.

?ete! Are you asleep?

What do you want?

Turn off the radio and let's go

to sleep.

Let's wait a.little while longer.I want to hear something first.

Be cuiet. I sleep beca,-se

of you.

: don't want to go to sleep yet.Who will I talk to if I don't talkto you?

I'm ready to get undressed and goto bed.

Me too. Where is our blank,-t?


. A


lexical chan,ze

Kos

Ha e-mbonandi na.

2 haku-etere.Ha e-mboo'ysa na.

3- Ko ?c.embf.' L'ysa-itere5:.is e-mbyakil. na.

8.6 i-ke."-iterel.

Ha e-mbyakfi na.

Kola 2.6 ia-akY-itere!.Ha e-mbbia na.

aDpropriate response

e-mbopu-kuag-Da mbarak6?

2. Are ma-pa nde-re-mboDu-ve-i ha ?

3. Maya-pa o-mbcpu-kuae. piano?

.e-no-se -za Oga7pe mbara'..?

re-mboku6 ko yvyr?

re-mboku6 ma-pa pe yvyra;

7 E-mbohasa m De

atu-Da re-mbohLa mi" xu-D4 De 7ivro?

Mba'e-Da rei-not 6 a-bohas6. nde-ve.

Arakale-pa rei-rot6 nd.f.-v<, la ,arnintPro?

hde-mtDa

2. ,:-D.2.7e re-pa naere-mbDi nde-ratf; 4-C-pe?

~ r--ij-"

:.lava Da o-mbcgua1A-kua:,-,t8ra-v'e ndg-Da tera-pa nde-is-embirekO?

L5. Ndepa re-Mooguat6 va.ekue nde-ru-coche?


,

--;

_


A .

B.

hhvIhw STAGE


Ara-.a'& guive-na re-s ko'g.-pe ?

Kuen6 guive-nee.

Araka.6 pev-pa re-: ta ko'a"-pe?

Ora pcfv-pa ja-studiL. ta ?

B. ias dies Del/et

pevpa ?

B. ta Paragua; peve.

A. oS guiveoa va.era ko ,'vro?

B. guive

0-hac suive -pv'e

X aye: ko'aa peve xe-mbor'ahL

ixapa ra.:3 norte-

az.:-:rica gui.

Brass neve

avin-be upi cami6n-pe.

A-st,Idia-v=7; guive a-He'&-kuaa-v.'L

E. Ara?a' peve pa re-studi va.era?

Since when are you here ?Just since yesterday.

Until when will you be here .?

Just until tomorrow.

Until what time shall we study ?Until 10:00.

How far (up to where) will we go ?We'll go as far as AsunciOn.

UP to where are we supposed" to read

this book ?From here to here.

From the time he was born until hedied he was poor.

I also:have been poor until now.

How did you come from the UnitedStates ?

I came from to Brazil by plane

and from there in a bus.

Since I began to study more : sp?ak

better.Until when (1., you have to study ?


L

.4

0

4

1) jI Vi)

I I

'.t

I

CI


A:. Ha r.-rembi-ek(5?

B.

A.

Marna,

Nd-a'-kuag-i.

Ha'i4 nda-hesEi-ri, ara?

3. AnEniri. Hesi. Pero

And your wife, where is she?

don't know.

She's nct well, is she?

On the contrary, she's well,she's just a sleepyhead.

listening in

A. Mbal'e-pa:la-o&-falta!va-hIna nd6-ve?

B. Xe-ve nd-o-falta-i hIna mbate-v6.

models for activity

7. A. :floate-pa rei-ku.;.-s 5,xe-negui?

B. Ai-kues:a-se mooma re-nacg vakue.

A. A-nac6 vakue Texas-pe.

A. Mbate-pa re-porandu-se gui?

B.

activity

A:porandu-se hat-ra o-nac6 raka.e Texas-re aver.

pe _xa o-nace vakue.

'7

.

Ask someone what h'e wants to know about your mother, your car, your country,

your government, your iSter, your house, yourself.

listening in

A. Mba'6 re-ba Band 6 nda-ja-studiri?.

3. X nd-a-studia-se-i gui ko'a^ga.

A. Na.g.Tre-studig.-ipa hEna kotag-a?

3. Nd6-ro-studi5.-i. hIna.

3. Nd6-ro-studia-se-i


1.

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.

ar:Lrorrlte

coche ?

:a1:a I'Lemtiuria?.

3. mdva-ra ingigs ko'g-re ?

4. .maNa. oa o-mborot: ta ko clase ?

). Mava-ra o-.1 :a ko"ero' claseLre ?

o. va mava-oa oe-n5 ta Paragua-re ?

ma-i uniya ua oe-ke versidad-re ?

o. sae o ,e,a nde-0 . :)-mol la turg ?°

94. -

:hde, ,era ha' o-hO a 9_ ."-

dialog

lA. Ja-lustra ride-ye ratr6n, a-mbovera rora cinco'i re.

E-lustrg uoe ixa r5,* anike re-mbovexa-vg un lado re otro gui.

.

dialog

1. Jej-ario-o a py.

2. An na rej-aura tl.

7. Pero, ej-ar5 oya'e-ve'na.

2. Ja-hg. mbeguekatu-nte'he-Ii kurg mboguata-hg

listening in

Rembojy va..era la kamby rono hyry!a. Pero the ningo a-mbojy kuehg ha hypy'a-nt

i0Hosted for free on livelingua.com

;:nit Eignt

:1anirulation Pne.se

2g2

We sane here to work.

hau.a means in order -.0'; c ; explaining theredson for doing somethizIg.

su'ostituiontd

rc-m-pa.ap5

rc-a7,rende,..guaranlrd-ganal,. seta Dia

Carlos-0e

integration

leacher:

Integrate:

:eacher.

model

RC]-1.J. rc-mba.ap hagua.ror-aprende hagua guarani.

ko.g.-ne ro-gana hagua-hete.:, plat

roi-pytyvo haguako'g.-oe rdi-ho hagua nende-aoyte'--ne-

Aj-Ta Paraga-2,-i-pe. A-a7relnd. guarani.

Paragug.ijoe a-aprende hagua guarani

Ai-kov6 A-karit

Ro-ba.ap6,

Ja-pytuil.

20-gana heta tlat

A-studia guarani haguL ixaA-mba.avo oc-Jra-v6.

I study 'Guarani so as to be ableto work better.

-au. ixa means 'so as to'; 'cons oara'.

es

4.4


Teac her:

:%epeat:

Integrate:

Teacher:

Fepeat:

Integrate:

4'

:eacher:

leacher:

translation

A-studie. a-mba.apospora-ve.

guaran: ikatu hagua ixa a-mba7aco DO'_':. -ve,

hi -ke Cuepo a

Cuerpoxe-reta-me.

A--I ko

Ikatu a-servi Dora-rye xe-reCa-me.

de Paz-pe ikatu hagua ixa a-servlp8ra-ve

Ikatu poi-Dytyva.

Ro-mba.apo-se pende-aDyte-pe. Ro-aprende :-eta mDa'e.-

Trabajo porno Para ganar dinero.

2. Trabajo para ganar dinero.

3. Estudio como Para aprender mejor..

Estudio Pa'ra aorender majOr.

5. _..,,re en el Cuerpo de Paz. como

Data poder:enseHar .

centre en el Cuerpo de Paz paYapoder 'venir ac-a.


292

A-mba.ap6 a-gana'hagua ixa plata.

A-mba.ap6 a-gana hagdg plata.

A-studi5. a-atrende-D8ra-ve hagud

xa.

A-studio aLaprende pore. -ve hagug.

Ai-ke Cuerpo de Paz-De ikatuhagug ixa a-mbo.4

o

Ai-ke Cuerpo de Paz -te ikatu

naguaajTu

.7.-

1.

2:apo.;.eon of -ke-se la Cuerpo de Paz-peo-kalfiS? hagug ne-mend5. gui-

Ner5r. katia oi-ke-'se la 2uerpo-d- Paz-pe o-heka hagua ;lembi-rekora.

Xe katil Cuerpo de Paz-pe ikatu hagua ixa ai-pytyvo la xe-retg-me.

9(4


abor:priate resbonse

:..Taera-na'Nanoleon oi-ke-s6 la Cuerro deFaz-be:

37e6'n oL-mend' -a, P.e-T)P?

3. raa-pa'Ner5n?

-Ylaera-ba na re-ho-se Paraug.i-pe:

a-scrivl hagua en He told me t3 write at on:e.

seEuida.

TO THE S7-,T27NT: contrast:

:C6-ve a-scrivl ta

x6-ve a-scrivl hagua.

substitution

a -scriv".

jev:7

.

a-se evy

",) '4

He says to me that I will

He says for me to write.

He-1,11: xe-ve .:e.-gua en

seguida.

He-'5.. ;4-ye aj-a jev hagua en

,seguida.

He- A-ve a-s jev,hagua en

seguida,

xe-ve allkara hagua en

seguida.


2 q.:"

conversion

Teacher: Nde rej-:a ev ta en seguida.

Student: He-'I nde-ve rej-a .jevS7- ha-gua en seguida.

Teacher: Ca-los-o=nO jevl ta en seguida.

Student:- He=-'5.. Carlos-pe o-hO jev3' he.7g'ua en seguida.-- ..

reacher: . Mama o-scrivf: ta en seguida.

Teacher: Nde,re-rambos5. ta en seguida.

Teacher: Ore ro-cents ta en seguida.

Teacher: Pee oe-Hepyra ta en seguida.

Teac her: Xe a-bute\ta en seguida.

model

A. Mbate"'iko

3. He-7iUk6. xe-ve aj.7,1-1 jev:;=

ha;tua en seguida,-;':i.

What did he write you?(Que le mand6 decir?)

He wrote for me to return at onde.(Me mand6 decir que vuelya enseguida.)

- -

TO THE STUDENT: he-'iuka'is best .translated by sh 'mandO decir'DiThe literal ,translation of. A. in English would be: "What did he hav,

said to you?' adore on the suffix ukts later in this lesson.

Este di8 a -reciv Pete; carte xe-;15. gui.

Hambate-iko he-ciuk5. nde-ve.

A. He-tiuka xe-ve aj-a jevjr hagua en seguida.


aznrcnrize resnonse

na ra.e carte nde-chiaa gui kueh?

trahanisn..

..-.Ya me a,:c c,..e fuera. He-':. ma :--"_>---.-e a-h.'. n,-u.

-.-. ,u,'.., c.:::5.a.:nececito nara haceric? Y.'n,-,'-na ai-e.-;-: aj7an,:'5 hal-'-ua?

.

3. ..Ic do c-.- 1- hrTce-a? 1 :.',ava-na ne--": ra.e ---'-a-s:',, Ha..,a?-..,...,_ ,- ._.

4. Le a Carlos cue venga. ha-'6 na Carics-ne o-a nagua.

Ic P Pedro cue te esc-ibiera. Pedro-pe"o-scrivl.

hua nde-ve,

clue venga a hablarme. -care

clue yc seDa cue hacer.

7. que omnibus nuedo Dara

.sllegar a EncarnaciOn?

5. Z.u6 se necesita para entrar en

ese colegio?

9. iee nara ve- cue estamosac'.endo.

Er-.4 xu-ne to-a no-Flece' xe-ndive

ad-kuaa ;:lagua mna e na.oj-ap6 ta.

?.ba'& camin-n,a a. -agarra' va.era

hagua EncarnaciOn-re?

4tapa o-fie-kotevë o-jei,kehagua upe colegio-pe?

0-11. o-hexL ha mba'6-na jaj-ani5

HaIna.

13. Va al Brasil para trabajar. 0-h6 Brasil-pe o-mba.an3 hagua.

P-.=-= 4 -:rie g-so he venido. lia-' hagua nde-ve upeva aj-u.

12. Venimos. nara comer. Roj--'d ro-kara hagua.

13 7',= manda decir cue vayas. 1-.1e-Y: ka nd:i-ve rej-a nagua.

.-. Le o:re cue venga a comer. Be.-' e ta xu--n 0-a hagua c-kar-a.

15t Para hacer P.a.: no necesitas rucho 0-jej-anO hagua uneva nd7c-fle-

diner°. kotevriri het platL

16. V=.ndr6 temprano para noder

terminario hay.

: '/

.-..,La.- --u vol ta jaj-ap,o pa na6esta dig-


297

4iuiero cue me des el dinero parecompra.r el coche._

Si es Para restarlo a otro noto lo

1'

Ai-nota re-me' e xe-ve la plataa-jogua hagua la,doche.

Rei-norouka hagua ramo otro -rend-a-mete mo'a-i

o

1. Mbatii-pa o-He-koteve c-jej-apO- hagua puchero?2. ':4-bar6-na o -?e- koteve o- jei -ke hagua Cuerno de Paz-ne?

3. ?,:bate-He'e-na re-He'e va.erd re-h5 hagua Paragua.i-ne?4. M'ca'.6 mba'e"-pa o-He-koteve o-jej-ap5 hagua io'6 a-pu'a?

%5. M'T;e.'6-pa aj-apos va.era aLHe'e-kuaa hagua ingres?

6. M.'.a'6pa roj-an5 va.era ro-Hemit5 pora -ve hagua?

7, ',NI-Pate-pa roj-an5. va.era ro-gika-ng, hagia la microvio kuL'a?6. Mdva=pe-na ro-porandl'i va.era roi-Lkuaa hagua moq-pa.ikatil ro-consegui

la or6dito?

Cycle 2

Manipulation Phase

model

ray ra-nare-studi5. re-fnaguarani?

Why are you studying Guarani?

dialog6

re-studi5.' re-ina guarani?

Ikatu hagua ixa a-He-mongeta nende-ndive.

A. ha Moat& re-pa r.--He-mongeta-se ore-n dive?

A-hexauka-s6 nee-me beta mba'g.


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patterned response

A-kaaS7 ningo.a-mna. Ha ha ?

Ha ha' g tingo o-kafiff hina avel.

,Ha pee" ?

Ha Eandg ?

ETC.

iao

A.. Moriko rei7m.4 re-ina ra.e xe-amiga ?

3. A-rambosg kuri a-Ina xe-;.-Oga-pe.

patterned response

Kg-pa a-jepohei a-Ina ?

r7ande-pa ja-burahgi Ha-7na-?

0-mha.ap5-pa Carlos ha Gladys ?

integration

Ai7potg xe-saco a-se okg-pe,

repeat:

integrate:

7a-mta.ndive.

repeat:

Ai-potg xe-saco a-sehauE okg-pe.

apas', va.erE Hai-me oHe-

integrate: 7P-mba.apO va.er. Hai-menauE oHe-ndive..

Z94

NahEn-i, nde^re-jepohri re-Ina.

NahEniri, nda-ja-purahgi-ri Ha-Ina

Nan-E1=11-,;, nd-o-mba.ap5-i hikugi.

I want my coat + I go outside.

We must work + we are together.


3. Hetg re-guata va.era +You have to walk a long way

re-se arcZ gui.you get out from there.

repeat:

integrate: Re-guata va.era re-sehagua emo gui.

:4. Hetg pe-guata va.era + me-guahe You have to walk a long way 4

upg-me.you are there.

repeat:

integrate: :eta pe-guata va.erape-guahe hagua upg-pe.

5. Ro-j.l. ma + ro-mba.a.c6.

repeat:

integrate: Ro-j. ma ro-mba.ag hagud.

6. Araka'e-vg nda-xe-mandu'g7i +ague-ru.

repeat: - --------

integrate: Araka'e7vg 7.1(18.7xe7mandu'g-i

ague-r.haguL.

7. 0-kyhyjg + o-se.

.repeat:

integrate: 0-kyhyjg o-se hagud.

111.1aMsample resonses

A-aprendf hagul-nte aj-ap6 a-:na.

Plata re -nte aj-ag a-Zna.

Aj-ap6 rei-nte a-tna.

We already came + we work.

I never remember + I bring it.

She's afraid - she goes out.

I'm Just doing it to learn it.

I'm doing it Just for money.

I'm doing it for no reason."(or for


30/

Use Phase

appropriate response .

1. Mba e ra-pa rej-app re-ina upeva ?

2. Mba'e ra-pa ra..g Paragugi-pe,?

3. Mbate ra-pa re-aprende-se guarani ?

ETC.

di a1o

Araka'6-piko ndg re-guahg Paragugi-pe ?

0j-a-36 mes y medic, a-guahg hagu.

Nde-are to -pa kolg-pe ? (Tardarg acul' ?)

A-pytg to dos aflo.


::boy dig ma.''pa rei-Mg hague'ko'g-p,, ?

: >1-coy mese ma-Da rej-il ko'g-pe.

dialog

A. 0-U ma:7piko rase la nde-i'a ?

3. H" e, Pero o-se jev5- ma.A. Ajell ma-pa o-se hagu ?3. Nahaniri, ange-te'-ate,

A. Ha moo-piko o-hO ra.?. ?3. Nd-a-ikuag-i.A. Ha mba"4-pe-pa o-h6 ra..6 ?

B. A-malisig yvl rupi


Cycle 3

Manipulation Phase

model

Ai-kuag rei-ku-da hg.I know that you know.

IL THE =ENT: The hg is a CONNECTIVE which ti , the second clause

rei-kuag) as a comI:lement to the first...clause ('ai-kuag). The English

e:.1.1.1ivalent of ng. is the subordinating conjunction 'that'.

integration

Ai-kuag. Pei-kuag.

Integrate: Ai-kua"6:rei-kula hg.

eacher: A-malicig. Re-fle'e-kuag.

HeL-eat:

re-fie'-kuaa hg guarani-me.

Ai-kuag: ra oi-me

. .

:ntegrate: Ai-kuag.Mar5:a oi-me ha i-koty-ne:

Teacher: A7hexg. ia o-studig. hina.

Fep,-at:

Ir.tegrate: A-hex g. o-studi'a hg. hina.

Teacner:Ha'e ikatU oj-an5.

Pe.teat:

Interate: ha' g ikat:a


Teacher: .S'a=mol Nde Ca'acupe-Pe.

Repeat:

Thtegrate:

Teacher: . Re-pensg. Xe a- g,ta tupa6-pe.

model

Mba'.4ma rei-kuag xe-hegui. What do you know about me?

dialog

Mbate-pa rei-kuag xe-hegui?

B. A-hendil re-hO ta ha Mehico-De.

A. as mba'e-vepa?

avel to hg livro upe-De.


Mba'g-pa rei7kuag xe-hegui?2. Mba'e-pa rei-kuag Maria gui?

rei-pensg ore - hegui?

xe ra.e?

5. Mba'.e-pa Carlos he-ti xe-rehe?6. o-j-1-6-Carlos re?


0

Cycle

:.:ahioulazion Phase

3Oz(

Ai-kuag rei-kuaZ hague. I Ili:ow you

t.

Ai-kuag re-kuaa hg.Ai-kuagrei-kuaa na,-7ue,

contrast:

intration

:eacher: Ai-kuag. Rei-kuag.

I know*,you know.I know you kne-,.-

:ntegrate: Ai-kuag rei-kuaa'hagu6.

leacher: Ai-kuag. Re.-me nde-kotS7-pe

e.:ntegrate: Al-kuag hagu6 nde-kot-De

:.--acher% A-hendu. R,=-h6

.F.epeat:

Int_egrate: A-hendia re-hO hagutg

e Da rei-kuag xe-hegui?

A. Ha mba'-vgpa?

Ha re-scriv hagu6 netei livro 11-p


3&-S-

approbriat.c response

rei-kuag xe-hegui?2. _Mba'e-pa rei-kuag Kennedy gui?3-_ Mbate-va rei-kuag Shakespeare gui?4. Mba'e-pa .rei-kuag Eisenhower gui?5. Mba'e-pa re-pensg Johnson gui?6. Mba'e-pa re-hendd nde-sy gui?-

conversion 41,

,model: Ai-kuag i-val ha la.porte I know the situation is bad inVietnam-pe. Vietnan.Mbale?' Xe katd ai-kuag What? I know it was all-right

hague kuehe. yesterday.

Xe ha-'e O-manO ta hg, ko'ero.Mba.'6? Xe katii o-nano ma hague kuehe.

2. Xe a-hendd ha'e o-1123 ta hg ko'ero.

Mbal? Xe katu a-hendd o-h6 hague kuehe.

3. Xe ai-kuag karal' Ramirez i-olata heta ta hg.Xe katu ai=kuag ha'e i-mboriahu hague.

X& a-hendd Carlos 0-11 ta-hg ko'ero.Mba'e? Xe katu a-hendd ha'e o-d hague kuehe.


. Mba'4-pa rei-kuag?2. Mba'e--.pa re-hendd ra.e?

Mba'e-pa rei-mo'A raka.e?4. Mba'g-pa er-e kOva re? _:-pore -pa tera-pa i-val?

Use Phase


KoYero o-d ta petei karat riera va Garcia Lopez. Ha'e peter Paraguayo, ha

of -kuag heta.mba'e agricultura gui. Ha'e o-mba.apO ta voluntario kueta-ndi

,Concepcion-pe,


te reS'conse

o-a ta h petei ku.:1:1-kara?

3- ma .ague karat Lope:


Hueh6 kurel petei va.Garcia Lopes. Hat:: o-Mbaap5 ya.ekUe

voluntario ku6ra-ndi Concepcion-pe.


na-'i ra. pee-me?

2. X-,=:.--ca 0-:t1 nague petei-Concepcion-oe gu6. volunt,r:to?

trans:ation

: know it's you.

2. : know you know_.

7 know he'll come with you.

Say you will come.

5. -t is -a4.4 you know.

Ai-kuag. 5d6 ha.

Ai-kuag. rei-kua h,

Ai-kuag. 0-11 hg. nde-ndiv.

_ ..Lor-e rej-u ta r.

Cmje-'6'peikuaa-ng..

E. He doesn't know we are going. j-ha h.

modification

Do'the above translation exercise as fast as you can, but put it in past

context. (Use ha' 4 instead of hg.)


07

Cycle

Manipulation .Phgse

model answers

Aje'l ma o-se hague,

-nte o-se :ague.

3. Cj-ap6 dos horas o-se hague.

He left just a while ago.(-ice un tier= cue sal-16.)

He left just a moment ago.(:ace un ratito que sali6.)

`He left 2 hors ago.(::ace 2 horas cue sali6.)

aHo ma (la) hague. He's been here a :.ear now.(Ya hace un arc cue vino.)

model cuestions

P.

Arakait'l>.-pa o-se ra.e?

yeAje ma pa la o-se nague;

N.

A. Araka'e-piKo nd.6 re -guahe ra.e Paragugi-pe?

B. 0j-an6 mes y medio-nte a-guahe nague.

'". lide-are ta-Pa ko'g-pe.

3. A-pytg ta dos afio...

4appropriate response 4s.

..Cj-apc an c y edio-nte o-guahe hague upe volun, ario a arc gua. i-pe, aj,-1a?

2. afto-Pa o-pytg ta ha'6?


:cmcre.7:,--ns'on

guJI

Ea6 xe=hernano.

roc

re.ka.e kc'a-.0e?

e-ndiv6 la xe-hernanc?

ma o-se hagA. He lef7.a as:.

C-se ramo-:tS.. .(or o-se eramo) He ,;ust left.

: -s4 :ague ..e

"c,r 4:.s.

'--:

.

7C 7HE :3,7:LEY:: :hese three ways of nreferring to a recet occurrence al-e not

define'4well dd, Actually ate-t6 rte is quite relative:. 7t may be used to

indicate a time ,;,:ist a.moment ago (as it litera:ly indicates, or'it may

refer -...,.. loosely to a time in the near bast--like a minute, an hour, :.- a......,

day ago. :t is used with the sate exaggeration. as a-be-te-rte 'right here'--

which may tear. '8, few yards or a few kilometres away.

'r.mo and its sulteriative form rate-'te are equivalent to'acabar

VEF"'.

e1I

, "

° relat.,euy fart:er past--na.... an hour or so.

:isle:'- -4 for combrehension

f;e-mo2. Peirc o-se ra=c-it4 hagugi ha Mara katu ma.c-s; :age.

Xe kateu o,' -ap6 acs hora aj-1 hagu6.


a.t.troariat)reszonse

x ha-'e 6-se ramo-ite hague?

2. Ha mava x6 ha-'6 aje'I ma o-se hague?

3. rae ramo-ite hague?

.C.

3092 r9


resc-:n.ses

h,f.J. .ixa nand4-ve. Like he tel 'us.

...c He- i hagA' ixa r.ad-ve. Like he told us

a' :',,-a1-2.: na Ixa Like he does

.., . ,,-ae, _a.,5!,e A,1 :,ike he d-4d

,-. ce -po-,11 hr, ....Like -7,. wan7 :cmo cuieran).

model ecrsixapa a ? Hcr...' shall we do 7.

2.H.7w sho-..;ld we t.el it ?

3 ba4 xa-pa re-scriv!:-ra.;3'? How did you write it ?

Cycle 7

Manir,ulation Phase

model

A. Mbe'4 at° na na. nde-ru ?

.n. a e ao-,,enae na

What does your father do ?

He sells rloth,=s.



nure-uka na

aPpropriate response

ng-pa.ndg ?

?

3. Ha nde-sc- ?

Ndg-pa kure'-jaka hg ?

Pe ka,-a nevi ku a&'-v.6'nde hg.

Pe kara peva ku a3-ano ha.

P.= kara Dya ku kur-kaka hg.

Use Phase

Cycle 8

re-h5 re-na ? Where are you going ?

a-fna xe-ru o-mba.apona-e.

I'm going to where mzy- father

works.

IC =HE SIULEN7.7: hg after an intransitive verb (like o-mba.apa) usuallyaerives a locative noun whi.cn inaica,es where the activity takes place.


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12 car:ama ta .a.

I. m=

Has 1.a-ter teen sent off?

some time It wassent off

:oat the reflexive form is us where wouLd use the passive.:ther exambles:

ixa-ta ?

ixa-ta o-je-ap6 vakue ?o-r".e-me'e ra.e la cart= ?

savave-te.

guteri mavave-pe.l7-e-venfie-t6. ma umiva um5". livro.

-nas the radiozram been sent off?

All sort-- (.2nt=ro-it.=) of thingsare sold.

How ds it taughtHow was it madeWho was the letter given to ?

:t wasnt given to anyone.one has been fined yet.

All the books have been sold.

L.--ne-vend 6

ma-ta la radiograma ?

how is bread made around here ? tFoa ixata o-ej-at6 Pan ko'g rupi ?

:;0 one has been killed yet and guteri La o-je-juka. va hano one has been hurt yet either. nda-i-pori Guteri la o-jej-ati va

-0:no was the letter written to ? .Mava-pe-pa o-je-scriv la carta

A. A--lkalta o-fie-firmala document° ?

Yma ma o-ne-firma hague.

When was the document signed ?

It was signed a longtiMe-ago.


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A-paEauka-pa

A-scrivil.ukg

Asue-ruka-pg

ba"g-pa ?

3. Ei-Dor-lka mi na xg-ve la nde-cophe.

aPproPriate response

rei-pctg. x-am4,7o ?

r=i7potg ai-kuaaug. ?

rf. n Tse Thn-:e 9

rei-pctg na-'eukg. nde-ru-Pe ?

5. re'-Dotg a-!erureukg Stroessner-pe ?

Zpa.'g-pa pei-Dotg ague-rukg pee-me ?

e a he- luKa nde-ve

C. . :e-'.pa aver nde-ve jevi:r hatud nde-reta-me ?

F.e.-potg-pa a-mbyendyukg De tataincy 9

1-nxaukL mi xg-ve uzi uatig..

r


2-heuk,a mi la a-jogua

voer=.

Show wha: sh:uld

observing:the fuon of va :

:a a

La :a :e.

va

La a-jogu;: va.ekue

shtuld buy

: will buy

Wha: am buy.

Whal: : bough:

serves to form noun clauses. Vary (or va.ere.) and vakue (cr va.ekue)'

2 made up of va plus a re. or kue to indicate purpose' or

model

E-hextlu'ka mf xe-ve la kure o-jogug. Show re the pig which he bought.

va.eku6.

_ohtrast, cbserVing the functicn of va:

La kur6 a-jcu a va.era The pig that.(or which) I should buy....

:,a kur6 a-jogua-ta va The pi:- that I will buy

la kur6 a-jogua va a-ina The nig that f a.m buying

d. La ::t-6 a-jogua vaku6 The nig that - 'ough:

va serves here again to form noun clauses, but these nodify or restrict

the antecedent noun kurg. Notice that in Lnglish we could use e'relative

trChoun, that, which, or who, in such a modifying clause.


translat

to rei-notg he do you want

La rei-totg va 2

la

What is want 2

titat Is that ' :cu say ?

? Vn.a.t, does he

:ta'.gta la he-'i7e6 va ? What is it that he wants to say 7

re-torandu re -Ina 2 That are you a7kihg ?

la re-torandi: va re-ina? What are asking::

5va-ba ? Are you tuying this ?

5 va-a 7a re-jog u5. .va hina Is thiS what You are buying ?

K6va-ta re-jogug ta ? Wil you tuy this ?

Kova re-jogug ta va ? Is this what you will buy ?

Kt.va-ra re-ogug ra.e ? you buy this ?

K5va-ba la re-jogug vakue ra. e ?

a ie- o ,61.4c. va.era .

ra ,ta _a re-jogug va. era ?

Should you buy this ?

Is this what 'Cu shou7d buv ?

/


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models.

3pgL va.

2. aog. va..

Opg o-i

Everythlng that : see.

All that can be done.

All there is.-

batterned-Yresbonse (answer as in the above models)

M-ce."6-Da la re-jogug to va ? What is it you'll buy ?

_'"'pa la re-MbovO va re-in a ? -,enat is i that- you are- dividing?

translation

7. That's the book I want. Peva be livro la ai-botg va.

2. That's the bock you wanted, Peva be livro la rei-totg vakue.

3. is this the one yot wanted ? KOva-pa la rei-potg vakue ?

What is it you want to buy ? Mba'e-pa la re-jogua-se va ?

-5. Which is it you want to see ? Mava-pa la re-hxa-se va ?

Which one is it you want to hear? Mava-pa la.re-hendu-se va ?

I buy just what I want. A-jogug la ai-pot. va-nte.

3. buy just what I see. A-jogug la a-hexg va -nte.

: eat just what I want to eat. la ha-'u-se va-nte.

10. I eat just what is killed. la o-je-jukg va-nte.

71. I eat just what is given me. Ha-'u la o-He-me'a va-nte xe-ve.

12. I eat just what is'brought me. He.-'d la o-je-guerii-va-nte x6-ve.

model

Pe kure re-hexg va re-ina That pig which 'you see there

amd xe-mba'e. is mina.

tiHosted for free on livelingua.com

re-hex ama

koimbat ram'o-Itg va

ueti mohda hc_-1

Zle man who left

thtPf.

:uest'oh

trah.ilatiOn

.:se a cause to ask the

melcadc-L;u4.

mercado-gui.

.ne ooy wko killed that snake

is my frihd.

volunteer hamed Tomas did it.

who you met yesterdaywants to talk with you.

",:hat's the name of the girl I'm

supposed to call tomorrow ?

5. :el: me the road which I should

follow to get to Itapu'ami.-

apnropriate response

7

or,e pe

xe-amigo.

"..?etel voluhtario here va

o-ap6

7a Olga, ku kuna-kara': re-,;o -to:g

vakug-ndi kuen4, o-fieve-s.6 rem

naive.

Ybe.'6 ixa-pa !igra la kunataf a-hendi

.Otero?

ar -e mi xe-v,La tape a-segi

va.era a-7.1ahe nagua Itapu'amI-me.

Paragugi-pa la .!,eta rei-kuaL' para-ve va ?

2. :1-pa',5livro la nde-gusta-vg va


translat.i.on

let's go to where Carlos works.2. Let's leave from where you-all

study.

3. He came to where we were working.4. Whose-present work 'place did you

go to?

5. Whose former work Place did-yougo to?'ou went to our (incl) formereating place, didn't you?


1. Mob gui-pa re-se ta?2. Moo Zoto-pa ro-guatg. ro-ina?3. Moo-pa va.erd?

Ja-116. Carlos o-mba.apo

Na-se pe-studia gui.

kur!'. ro-mba.apohg.-ce,

Maya mbLapo hg.-Pe re.-h6 ra.e?

Maya mba.apo :ague-te-pa... re-hora.?Re-ho ,ja-kar hague-e, age pa?

Moa-pa re-h6 re-Ina? . .

.5, Re-ho-pa re-ina petei baile h.g.-pe?6- Mava-Pa o-ke-se petei ryguasu-ke h6.-pe.?7. Re-karu-se-pa petei kure o-karil -hg.-pe?

. b. Re-mba.apo-se -pa la xe-ria o-mbLapo hg.-pe?

9. Peva-pa petei monda-h6.?10. Mba'e.apo t5.-pa peva?

a

dialtg

A-juhu xu-pe o-kart: hina.

MOO pike?

P.e calle-pe a hague-pe hina.

Le encontrcomiendo.

DOnde

All! en la calle donde estuve.


ja-karu ng. h6ra ma. It's time we eat now.

1-nE hg., serves to nominaliue or make a nou:: olau.7e out of

Study these addtional examit'ies:

:.a-73.eno hg h6ra ma.

ma.

Nora ma.ha ha ma.

It's time for us to go to bed.It's time for us to begin.It's time for me to rest.ts time for you to go.

h6ra-ca

Ja-karu hg. h6ra ma.

modification

:=..beat the aboVe,dialog, 'out ih the place of the verb karla., substitute

studig; mba.anc-.; ho; F:epyra; ovtu'a.-

diaLc

A. Nde-Hembyahba?

E. ,HEle, ja7karu hg h6ra ma.

A. py ja-kara.


na nCra ma?

Jah6 py japytu'u.

Cycle 13

postr. rà. There is :something for dessert

:0 2HE STUDENT: 1-he same suffix rd 21so found in var. and (with modifiedshaPei in naf:711a is used with nouns to indicate cprobosed use or burpose'.F.a may sometimes be translated 'for' in. English or 'para.' in Spanish.

per examoles'indicate its meaning:

mna husbandmenara - fiance ; husband to be

,emoireko wifetemoireora fiance

maestra teunermaestrar5 teaccr2- to be


dialog

\

Mbayg-pa o-1-ve ja-'u va.era? -What else is there for us: to

eat?

3. 0-I costrera. There's dessert.

A 7 alo-==___

Mba'6 gui-pa nikati re-h6 Why can't you so with me?

xe-ndiv6? ;

3. Het 5. xe-;-embi-apord gui. Because I have a lot of work .

to do.

model

Cyci 14

Pc=;va pe livro xe-mbatekue. That book there used to be mine.

1.: THE STUDENT: Ku e indicates a former state which is no longer in force.

Ftiva xe-secretariaku6.

ma xe-mena:cue.

kur!: x,-2-i7-ogakue.

model

That's my former secretary.

ly ex-husband has come.

>y former house was sold.

va mbaleku,17-pa ko livro? Whose book did,,this used to

)


A. ava mba'ekue'Da ko livro?

5- Peva xe-mba'eku:e

translation

7. "Whose took did that used to lava mba eki:e-Da De liro?2. Whose house did that used to be? mba'ekue-pa De Oga?3. Whose :ar is this? mba..6-Da ko coche?

Ha mava mta'ekue?5. This book there used to be mine? Peva De liv-o xe-mba'ekue-o_ This table here used to be yours. Kova ko mes nde-mba'ekug.7. That is my ex-wife. Peva K,e-rembi-:-.ek-:kue.

She used to be m;.,- secretary too. Ha'e xe-secretariakue aver.

_

dia._,.oz and listeninz for -ompr..hension

Jose:

De-studig. DgtnP?

X4 a-studig. a-Ina doctoraha xe-herman Josefina o-studie. hina enfermerara.

what are you s-udylng?

:'m studying to be a doorand my sister Josefina isstudying to be a nurse-

.,,Dzrop-iate response

Jose petef medicoue, aje-pa?Ha' e hinn ingenierora, apa?Ha in-hermana kat:a o-studie. hina maestrara, aje-Da?Ha nde, mba'e-pa.re-tudig. re-ina'

model and listening for comorehension

C: h.:na h-:er.. Carlos is building r_what will be]his home

c7ela, Carlos rembi-reko, Aigeia is Treparing r_what will behina Is the meal

N



of -aPc5 hIna ll'Iogara?

2. 0j-ap6-pa Carlos xe-rogara?ie pa rej-ap6 re-Ina nee -roger a?

oj-apo-se xe-rogara?r Mava o-preparL: hina Carlos-ne L,mbi-'ura?

c. Carlos-pa o-nreparg. hiaNanc3.6

rej-apo-s6 nde-;-osara?22J \a rej-apo-se xe-rogara?

Cycle 15

contrast

Ko mita mba'e rE.

Kc mita-me guara.

T0 THE STUDENT: Note the difference:.

rE?

guara?

It is for this 'coy, (It is to

be his proper---y.

It is for this befor use.)

c--i,.L. is meant

at will be his... -

What is made or intended for him

Both translate 'for him' but the distinction o seen in the more

literal translation.

diaaog.

A. Mava-pe uarE7pa ho torta? Who is this cake meant

B. Pe mita-me .zuara. It's for that boy.

'


Maya riba'e rd -pa ko juguete? Who :s this toy

3 Pe mita mbale rd. It's for that boy.


Mdva-pe guard-pa ko'regalo?Mdva mba'e rd-pa ko Oga?Xe-ve mba'e rapa um livro?Xe-ve guardpa umi livro?Yba'e-pa xe ikatu aj-app nde-ve guard?Lei - rte a-heja la pan Zagu. kuera-pe guard?

mcdel

O-jej-apo-pa ta ma nde-roga rd Your house will be finishedko'ero guard. for tomorrow.

substitution

0-jej-apo-p ta ma ..1de. itoga rd ko'ero guard,0-jej-apo-:pa ta rderrIga red este die guard.0-jej-apo-pe ta ma nde-roga re. koie ambuero guard.-jej-apo-ne ta ma nde-roga rd ,e semana o-u va-pe guard.-jej-apo-pe ta ma nde-roga ra ko ka.aru -De guard.

3-jej-apo-pa ta ma nde-roga red ko loyhare-De guard.jee-apo-_e ta ma nde-roga rd pe mes o-u va-pe guard.

r7C THE STU=T: Notice that certain time expressions take De while othersetier µv.

model

.:raka'e guard c-jej-apo-pa ta lande-.1;orza rd.

when will they finish yourhouse?

3 2 7


duestion and answer -11-111

Araka'& guard --,:e,Hac-pa ta ia nde-roga rd.?

Araka'e guard -jej-apo-o. ta la nde-livro ra?

ala4oz,s

A Araka'e guarapa ko so-na? When is this 'sopa' for

o pyhar4-pe "guard s for

t. 611ara na ko silla?

4. 7..mo guard.

Where does this cna'r b,,'ong?

Over tsnere.

annrooriate resoonse

Rei-kuaa-pg.-pa la leccion ko'ero g.uard?

2. MW.5-pa roj-apo va.era ko'.aro guar.?

3- Amc.) guard-pa ko mesg?

4. No8 guara-na ko silla?


Cycle

model

La gente kuera ko ate. gug o-mba.ano-vg la genta kugra yma guar gui.

The people of today work morethan beoble before.

TO THE STUpENT: contrast:

La gente kugra ko'aga gugLa genta kugra yma guar0-Moopott ko'ero guard

The people of todayThe peoble of before.He wil clean tomorrow.

Notice that the past and future tenses in bostpositior.al phrases with

gua as the postposit-ions.axe formed by adding rg and ra respectively to

gug.

substitution

o-mba.abo-ve

o-guata-vg

o-Pita -vg

o-jeroky-vg

translation

La gente kugra kolaga gug o-mba.ano-ve la gentekugra ymh guar gui.

La gente kugra kotaga gug o-guata-vg la gentekugra guar gui.

La gente kugra ko'4a gug o-nita-vg la gentekugra yma guar gui:

La gen17ekugra ko'aga gug o-eroky-ve gente

kugra yma guare gui.

Today's lesson is more diff4cu'tthan yesterday's.

2. The people of Lincoln's timeworked more than the

beotle of today.

La leccion ko'aga gug hasy-ve lakuene guarg.

La gente kugra Lincoln ti-7.po-be

guar o-mpa.abo-vg vakue la gentekugra ko'aga gug gui.


The Ouarani of long ago was morebeautiful tnan the (,;uarani of

today.

The child (mita) of yesterd:ty istne youth (karia':::: of today andtne man of tomorrow.

aborobriate reszonse

guarani yma guarela guarani ko'lga gug gui.

kuehe guare koko'Lga gug, ha karai kote-ro guara.

...-.a Ga hasy-ve La 1eccion ko'aga gug, ,tera-pa la kuehe guare?

to nag la leccion kolero. guard' la este dig guare gui?

o-diara-kua3 vt: ha la atleta kugra koter guar

atLeta ku,gra ko'aga rubi gui?

Cycle

model

va la

-abrenae vo guarani. came to learn Guarani.

:0 THE STUDENT: contrast:

Aj-t"71 a-aore-ride vo guarani. Vine a apren' guarani.

Aj-1":1 a-aprende hagua guarani. Vine para apr ier guarani.

Vc is used with the verb complement of the verbs hg, 'go' and 'come'

with almost the same meaning as hagua. A-aprendg vo may be thought of as

translating 'a aprender' and a-anrende hagua as translating 'para aprender'

n (a) and (b) above.


translation use vo)

1. Yo vine a trabajar, a` -id a-mba ar5 vo.

2. Carlos irga eszudiar. Carlos o- n0 to o-studig vo.

3. Ud.s. vinierbn a sembrar. re-nemity vo.

model

Te-re-aorende nyave-t'. I hope you learn it very soon.

T0 THE STUDENT: to -re-aprend5 is a DESTDERATIV7 form,

2-prend.5- oya'e

Te-re-aprend6 pya".

dialog

Contrast:

Learn it soon.I would like you to learn it soon.or: ?'ay you learn it soon.

A. Mbaera-ta ParaguL-pe?

B. Aj a-aprendg vo guarani.

Te-re-a prend nya'e7te.

paradigm

'5-a-aprendg pya'6Te-re-aprend pya'

To-ro-atrend6 nya'6_a -i-1a-aprende pya'g

Ta-pe-aprend6I-o-acre nd5

s-:tstitution - translation

nae

1::and.5

peeh21";.

x6

ie-re-juhd xu-pe.To-ro-juhia xu-o6Ta-ja-juhd xu-p4.Ta-pe-juhil xu-p6.T-c-uhd xu-p-.

xu-pe":.

(substitute: gang., hex tong. 'ul-11f)

I hone 1. learn it soon.I hope you learn it soon.I hope we Learn it soon.I hope we learn it soon.: hope you learn it soon.1 hope he learns it soon.

hope you find him.I hope we f1nd himI hope we fond him'

:lope you find h'.m.

',hoe flnds

I hone I find him.


rodel,

Er-6 xu-p6 Tell him to come.

TO THE STUDENT: Contrast the following two common sturctures, both of

which have the same translation.

Er-6 xU-p6

Er-6 xu-p6 o-u ha-gua. J

dialog

Tell him to come

X. Te-re-h6 Jose ;-end6-pe.,

B. Ha mba'6-ikO rei-pot6. ha-'6 xu-p6?

A. Er-6 xu-p6

appropriate response (use the DESIDERATIVE)

Mba'6-pa rei-pot6 x6 ha-'6 Marta-pe?Mba'6-pa rei-pot6 Marta of -46?

directed discourse

I. Er-6 (t6ra)-pe2. Er-6 (t6ra)7pe3. Er-6 (t6ra)-pe4. Er-6 (tera)-pe

ETC.

t-o-u nde-;-end6-pe.t-o-h6 Maria ndi.t-o-mba.ap6 xe-ndiv6.t-o-se ko'a gui.


Model

Ta-nde-ko'e Dora. Have a pleasant d5wning-ood night)

TC THE STUDE.NT: :(:)'e is a Quality Verb. Other exa:':.ples:

Ta-pende-resa

paradigm

ta-xe-roryta-nde-rorgta-ore-roryta-fiande-i.org

taDende-roryta-hory

dialog

hope you'll be happy.hope you'll be well.

A. Xg nd-a-lee-se-vg'i ma. Xe-i-.onehgi ma.

Xg ave]:, a-hg ma a-kg vo,

Ta-ride-ko'e pora.

1

Gracias. Buenas noches. Ko'ero ja-jo-too jevg ta.


Cycle 18

model

r.de -rehe nde-vai he. he said that you're ugly.

TO THE STUDENT:Contrast:

a. re-stadia he He' says that you're studying.

He -'i nde-rehe nde-vai He said that you're ugly._About you]

In both sentences he-'i 'he said' is followed by information about whathe said. 3ut only b. has nde-rehe 'about you'. The difference in the twosentences is that in a. the remark is not a compliment or an insult ora ,'remark' about someone's attributes, but simply a report of someone'sactions: Other.examples

Ha-'e hese i-flaaa hg.Ha-'6 hese kuera 1-tarva hg.CJ`e -kuag. nde-rehe nae-rasy hg.

- 0-nexa-kuag nde-rehe re -'e -gusto he"nese.

I said that he's bad.I said that they are crazy.

.0ne can'see that you are sick.He can see that you are in lovewith her.

nde-rehe nde-vai hg.

Ford he-'1 nde-rehe nde-pora hg

Arandd he-'1 nde-rehe nde-arandu hg.

Tavy he-'i nde-rehe nde-tavy hg.

FlPta-hete he-'5..nde-rene nde-plata-hea hg.

Sogue he -'I nde-rehe nde-sogue hg.

2. Nde nde-rehe nde-sogue hg.

Ha'6 he-'1' hese i-sogue he.

sore, xe, pee, .:aria)


translation

1. He says that I'm rich. He-\'f xe-rehe xe-plata-'beta hg.

2. He says that you're poor. He -'f nde-rehe nde-mboriahu hg,

3. He says that you-all are He-'f pende-rehe pende-tarOva hg:

crazy.He says that I am pretty. He-'f xe-rehe cxe-pra hg.

5. I said that he is broke. Ha-."6 hese in-arandu hg.

model

Mbarg-pako he-'f ra.e ore-rehe? What did he say about us ?

model

Nde-rehe he-'f nde-vai hg, ha He said yoere ugly and your

nde-hermano re i-tavy hg. brother is stupid.

TO THE STUDENT: Note the inversion of he-'f and nde-rehe here and theplacing of nde-hermano re-in clause-initial position to achieve parallel

structures.II

A. Mba'epako he-'1 ra.e ore-rehe ?

E. Nde-rehe he-'f nde-vai ha, ha nde-hermano re i-tavy hg.

adel

Hese katu he-'f i-nana hg. CAbout him] he said he is bad.


".;34

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substitution

Ta4 hese katd he-'r i-trlvy ha.

Tarove heSe katd he-'r i-tarOva he.

Arandd hese katd he -'; in-arandu he.'hese katd he-'r i."1-at'y he.

dialog

A. Y1c8.16-pako he-'r ra..6 ore-rehe ?

23. .Nde-re he he-'1 nde-vai 8, ha nde-hermano re i-tavy he.o

B. Ha hese ?

A. Hese katd he-'1 i-Haria he.

. Ba xe katd ha-'e hese nd-o-ntende-i he. mbare-ve.

dialog

A. PoIonio nde-rehe.

B. Ba mba.16-iko he-'1 to xe-rehe ha'e ?

A. Be-' r .de -rehe nde-vai

B. Ba xe katd ha-'e hese i-monda


1. Mba'6.-pa he-'1 Marra xe-rehe ?

A-me'e r"' hde-ve peter regalo, mba'e-pa er-e ne xe-rehe ?

3. Maya re-pa er-s i-vai hg. ?

4. 'fl a' re-pa er-e hes ?

5. Arake.14-pa er-e xe-re he xe-arandu- ?

c. Richard Nixoni-plata-hetC aje-.pa ?Er-5 ne hese in-arandu het ?

ETC.


Cycle 19

naradiRm

REFLEXIVEA-je-heXa am seenRe-je-heZ., You are,seen

-RO-je-hex5._ We are seenja-je-hexe Ye are seenPe-je-hexe You are seen0-je-hexe H!:. is, seen.

44.

xe a-je-nexa

(nae, or nande, Fee, ha'6)

---

caradigm

Cycle 20

:RECIPROC;J_

o-jo-hexe We sc.., each otherJa-jo-hexe We see each otherPe-jo-hexL. You see each.other0-jo-hexe They see'each other

:0 :HE =EN:: Contrast the reflexive with the recirrocal in form andmeaning.

substitution

Ore ro-jo-hexe

;:lane. pee:, kuera)

rt-flo-hendil


model

ja-jo-hex g ta ko'ero. We .:ill see each other tomorrow.

10 THE STUDENT: Notice that the reciprocal is for::.ed by adding the prefix

immediately before Zhe verb root. Notice that it only occurs in the

plural.

patter-led response

Fo-jo-top. ta lunes entonces, ha pee ?

i-Jo-jo-top g. ta lunes

Ha or ?

Ha ha ',7= kuera ?

model

Araka'e-pio ja-jo-to. ta ? When will we meet ?

dialog

A. Araka'g-piko topri ta ?

B. Ja-jo-hex. t. ko'ero.

model

Ja-jo-top jev:f ta plas rov6i, We'll meat (each other) again in

1entonces. front of the plaza.

substitution drill

1. Ja-jo-top a jevy ta plasa rovgi, entonces.

embajada kupe-pemonument° yke re

(in.frontof)(behind)(beside)


:node:

opa ja-jo-topcl ta entonce': '.ere will we meet again then

te-,i_ :a-jo-toni7 r77 lures h ,w about cur meeting ;,:onday 1

ferreter5.a row' ? -v. iront -f the hardwarei

i

1

;

,c,-; ta entohze

ta plaza rcvL ehtchze.

tek5-,ca ja-jc)-top:1 rI lunes ferreterra rovI?

word study

ta ore-reh.Ho'6. nde-rehL

Te.

T;---mu r. re.

ta yvyr',.: re.

hese

tne uses of r.,-./reh,.

ta: re.

tase r.

He will die for us.It falls on you (also: it fits you.It fell on his head.

_puts ashes on his forehead.I'll tie him to a tree.he nas boils come out us. him.

It c:rawl'ed along the grf...und.

it ,uml-Jed along theIt was scattered uc and tow:. the;:y dog got lost along t'he road.


C-I DeteI mancha pe trahe re.Cancer o-kard het 6 re.

ja-hg hese.

There's a stain on that suit.Z_Incer eats his body.

Let's go after him.

TC THE STUDENTMost of these uses coul& be translated by Spanish 'port, and English.

I, on . Note that the word run i also is fre_luently translated

Dor, or in English 'by', 'around'.

di a,lo

Hasy-et6 Daniel.B. Mbs'5-iko o-jehu x11-pe?

1 A. i-!o-'g hese rayo.

3. Moriko ho-' hese ?I A. re.

3. A-He-mbo'e ta hese.

Daniel is very sick,Whao hapzened to him 7Lightning struck him.Where did it strike him ?On his head.7'1' pray for him.

dialog

A. ja-hA rei katU hese.

B. Ta-pe-h6 hese pee, x4nd-a-pena mo'ri hese.

Let's .go after him.

You guys go after him, I won'tbother with him...

Malta rehe-pa oj-ap6 b.:Ma upg%-a?

0j-aDe5 i-s:7 re.

Who is he doi->c it for ?

He's doing it for Inis mother.

model

0-poko-pa nde-rehe la mbyry'gi? Does the heat ,..ffect (touch) you?

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cede-

Ko'e-e e-F.er.,yra ta o-mta.ao6 l'omorrow he is going to begin 1

la yv:';, re. working the land..

Hc'e'ro e-flepyra ta o-c-,Ca.ae la yvf=

nc'ero o-Hepyra ta c-,mba.acC. la tacit:: rE_,Ke'ro o-Hepyra ta c-mba.apC la ryATuasi.:1 re.

Korro c-F.epyra ta c-mba.an6 la huerta re.

model

Araka'6-pikc c-:Iepyra ta -;hen is he going to begin

c-mba.apC la Try re? working the land?

dialcrc,

Araka.' :4-pi ko c-f:epyra ta c-mba.ao6 la yv re?

. -Kc'ero c-Heivra:ta o-mba.apc yvy re.

model

X6 ygua.su ku6ra nd-o-kakual chickens ren't gre-,:ing well.

model

Re-angareke porn . va.era laryguiLs il. re o-kakual. cora ::agog.

You hale te take care of

the chickens if you'want themtG grow fast.


substitution

Re-flangareko Dora va.era la ryguasg re o-kakuag porL haua.Re-=langareko Dora va.era la tapit T. re o-kakuag Dora haua.Re-Hangarelo Dora va.er la sandia re o-kakuag or 1-ia.4;-ua.

Fe-Hangareko Dora va.era la tomates re o-kakuag porahagua.Re-Hangareko Dora va.era la kure re o-kakuag. Dora haitua.

di aic

A. Xe-ryguasu ku6ra hd-o-kakuag so-.

1

E. Re-17:angarekb Dora va.era la r,iguasu ku.gra re o-kakuag Dora haud.,

Cycle 22

dialogs for study and use

,

-A. gui Da a-se ne? Where wsuld I leave from?

3. A r+o From right here.

2.

gui-pa nde-rej--i ra.? Why didn't you come?

3ecause : was sick.

A. gui-sa nde-.17-as? r;:hat are you sick with?

Xe-Dulmon gui. Xe-tuberculosis Lung trouble. I have B.


gui-pa nde-resargi ra:e? What did you forget?

3. Xe-resargi entero mba'e gui. I forgot everything.

A. Mba'e gui-pa re--kyhyj6? What are you afraid of?

A-kyhyj:i opa ixa gug vicho gui. I'm afraid of all kinds of bugs.

1

Mba'6 gui-pa re-ti? What are you ashamed'of?

3. A -tI xe-tav:T gui. I'm ashamed of my ignor:_Lnce.

TG THE STUDENT: As you know, the basic meaning of gui is 'from', but gui

is used in any situations where its English translation would not be 'from',

but 'with'; 'of'; 'because'; etc., and sometimes no word.

appropriate' response

1. Mo5 gui-pa rej-11. re-Ina? Centro gui-pa?

2. Mba'6 gui -pa nde-re-riri xe-livro.?

3. Mba'e nde-easy? Nde-corgza gui?

4. Mba'4 gui-pa nde-resargi?

5. Mba'e gui-pa re-kyhyje?6. Mba'4 gui-pa re-ti?


model

X6-ve guara ko kotyopa viii .

To me this room is the p-e--:of all.

TO THE STUDENT: Notice that the indirect object plus suaratexpresses theidea of opinion or preference. It is also used with the me4ning of 'forthe benefit of'. .

pattern response

1. Xg-ve guara i-para-ve ko koty.2. Ha nd6-/e guara.

3. Ha ixu-p6 -tiara.4. Ha Pedro pe guara.

model

Mava la i-pora-ve va ko'a'koty gui'

'Which of these rooms is theprettiest?

cuestion and answer drill

Maya-pa la i-tuja-vg va ko'a silly gui?M va -pa la ij,yvate-ve va ko'a mesg. gui?Mava-pa la i-pyahu-vg va ko'a livro gui?Mba'g gui-pa ja-kyhyje-ve va.era opa mba'e gui?Mba76 gui-pa re-kyhyje-v6 opg. mba'6 gui?Mbaie gui-pa kuria o-kyhyje-vg mbo'i gui7pa tara-pa angujg. gui?Mba'g guipa re-kyhyje-ve jaguaretg gui-pa tara-pa aguarali gui?Mba'g gui-pa re-kyhyje-v, cuartel gui-pa tera-pa Cuerpo de Paz gui?Mba"6 gui-pa o-kyhyje-vg 10 mita Paraguli-pe, f-le-mendl gui tara-pacuartel gui?


Cycle 23

model

Er-6 xu-p6 Tell him not to come.

TO THE STUDENT: Watch the use of the suffix !Lin negating certain typesof verbal constructions, The above is a common alternative way of sayingEr-6 xu-p4 anI o-d ti.

substitution

o-d Er-6 xu-p6Er-6 xu-p6

o-karla Er-6 xu7g6 t-o-karu'Y.

translation

Tell him not to sit down.Tell him not to standkup.Tell him not to laugh..

Er-6 xu7-p6 t-o-guapy'y.Er-6 xu-pe t-o-Flembo'y'Sr".

-Er-6 xu-p6 t-o-pukaIY.

A. Mba'6-pa ha-'e va.er5. xu-p6.

B. Er-6 xu-p6

appropriate 'response

1. Mta'6-pc rei-potg ha -'g xu-p6?

2. Mba'e-pa he-'1 xu-pg?ETC.


Cycle .2]-

model

Feme r3 xe-ve roi-nupa If you-dot sive it to me'l

Fe-me'e" Re-me'e':;7 rjp x'e.-ve roi-nepa ta.

Fef.-puruuka Fei-nuruu.e.a'f' IzE,'".x-ve roi-nuDE:l. t.

e-hexu ka- Fe-hexu .:scra' .rd x6-ve roi-nupa -..a..., ,ur-e Er-e' r6 :,,..7-ve'roi-rupa ta.

Fe-mom:be'u Fe-mombe'ul-7 ro xe".-'.'e roinupa ta.

Re-r.asa Fe-1-,asal:7 .1, x,...--ve roi-nupa ta.

trar:.17.1ation

Fe-rresala':7 .y.e-nox; ta. dc:'.'. bite it to me I'll

be mad.

r.6 Ko'aita ta. If you don': sine n3w we will

e-apoe:7 rO la na-' va

ro-nur)&" ta.

:onverslon

ro xe-ve ro-atresauka 1-_1

ro he-ndiv,:4 ta.

r Ia he-' va e:kirjr17.

dialog

If you don't do ,.,:hat : tell youI'll hit you.

ri xt-ve ro-apresauka ta.

E-pena'f/ na he*


listening_ for combretension

Ricardo: Ai -ke'Y ta ro la Cuerpo de Paz-pe a-hg ta Vietnam-pe.

xg katu nda-ha-sg-i la Vietnam-pe. Pero, ai-ke-7sg la Cuerpo

de Pas a-studia'S' taro" la guarani" mante.

Xg ka:u, a-ha'Y ta ro la Paragugi-pe apyte: ta nte a-studig

Cga-De.

aLDroDriate re.,onse

Nica'g-pa he-11 Ricardo?:.!oo-Da o-116 ta oi-ke'Y ta r8 la Cuerpo de Paz -pe?

Yba'g of -apo'ij to ro mante-pa of -ke-sg la Cuerpo de Paz-De?

Moo ta ra-p_ Diego o-pytg ta-tte clOga-De o-studig?

model

.Cuerpo de Paz7pe of -ke o-studia- The ones who don't want to

se'y va. study join the Peace. Corps.

substitution

o-stuaia Cuerpo de Paz-pe o-studja-se'y va.

o-mba.aDo Cuerpo de Paz-De of -kg 0-mba.apo-se'yva.

o-flo-rairo Cuerpo de Paz-pe oi-kg o-Ho-rair6-se'fi va.

o-mendg Cuerpo de Paz-pe of -kg o-menda-se'Y va.

translation

1. Ei-kg cuartel-pe re-menda-se'S;

2. va.

3. A-De of -kg o-mba.apo-se'Sre va-nte.

Join the Armed Services if youdon't want to get married.He said what he didn't. want to say.Those who don't want to work enter

here.


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model

0-guahe vove'kur!:, a-se ma When he arrived, I was already

a-Ina. leaving.

TO THE STUDENT:

integration

Vove is .usually translated 'when'.

0-guane kurt. A-se ma a-ina.0-guahe vove kurt, a-se ta a-Ina.

0-d. A-hg ta a-mba.ano.

3. A-pu'a. A-Hepyra ta a-studies. lecci6n.

Ha'e o-d xe'visitg. rd-ai-me-i xe-6 ga-pe.

5. Ro-henoi nelg-vo. Re -se clase-gui.

o. A-hexg xu-pe. 0-guatg hIna bancb rovgi.


1. 0-guahe vove a-se ta a-guatg.

2.

3. mboyve

4. a-hg ta a-mba.apO.

7. vove

6. ma kurt

7. a -fienyra

8. a -studig.

9. 0.-pu'a

10. ta

11. rire


conversion

.H.a-T.:1 la a-vend va.

A-vend g va.Ai-Dot g la a-hexg.va.-hex. la ai-potg va.

A-jogug la a.--kotev;:c va.A-h g. ta la a-ha-se

A-hg vakue la a-ha-sg hagug-pa. :

A,-an 6 la aj-at6 va.

:ransiation.

at what i buy.2. ; sell what I don't eat.3. I see what Ildon't want.

I go where I don't want to go.I do wi:at I do want to do.

translation

save what I don't waste (gasta).2. I'll eat what I don't save.

give to you what I don't eat.

Ha-'1."..: la a-vende'Y va.

A-vend g la na-'u':7 va.

Ai-totg, la a-hexa'y va..-hex. la ai-rota 'y va.

A-jogug la a:-koteve'Y va.._ 1, k_a a--a-se i

A-hg vakue la a-ha-se' y hagug-p.e.Aj-up6 la ca-a!,o'Y yd.

ho...7".i. la a-jogug va.

-vend g la ha-'u'? va.A7-nexg. la ai-pota'y va.A-hg la a-ha-se' y

-a.-ato,e /a.

A-HongatC; La la a-gastar.Ha-Y.1 ta la a-Hongatu'y va.A-ne'P ta ndg-ve la ha-'u'yva.

Cyr_le 2:.;;

tatterns for stud

tymoa animaa; pette cavajU that horse

.xe-rymta-cavaju my horse;Iymb;3..-cavaj horse

'-I 3 0


.an cE o: a

someone as either (for example): a. ry horsemy pet h

Guarani when one speaks of a. domestic (or pet-) animal possesseds=eone one does not say: xe-cava-u (my horse)

but rather

not nde-mburika (my mule)

but nde-r7-ymba-mburikg. (my pet mule)

not i-ja.ua (his dog)

xe-rymba-cava:d (iv pet horse) .

but -'1,ymba-jagug. (his pet dog)

:_}avid-rymba-jagua pa peva?

Ubg ixa hina. nymba-jagug.

is that i.avids! dog?

Yes, it's his dog.

patterned response

RobertoTrymba-jagui-pa peva?Maria-rymba-cavajia-pa peva?Nde-7.7-ymba-cavajil-pa peva?,TR.iae-rymba-mburikg-pa peva?X;-.;ymba-mburikg.-pa amava?aerymba-mbarakajg.-pa amova?Pende-;.ymba-mbarakajg-pa kOva?Orel.;ypba-kure-pa kOva?:ice -rymba=vuey-pa kOva?

Upe ixa Nina. nymba-jagug..

Upe ixa hina. Hymba-cavajil.

Upe ixa hina. Xe-rymba-cavajil.

Upg ixa hina. Xe-kmba-mburika.Upe ixa hina. Nde-rymba-mburika.Upe ixa hina. Nae-rymba-mbarakaja.

Upe ixa hina., Ore-rymba-mbarakaja.O

Upg ixa hina. Pende-rymba-kure.Upe ixa hina. Xe-rumba-vuey.


Phase

listenin for comprehension

Carlos tine un caballo y dos vacas. Ll caballo es blar.co y Las dos:as son ne..-.7ras. Carit-.3

ElC.

vec'no de ios, que se llama Niguel,


Qui4r. tiene..... Le qui4n es el caballo k.71-1-co?

for comprehension

Carlos ogue-reko peteT jagug. ha rho61. mbarakaj5.La ::-Jmba-jagugL ;:era Lassie ha la '':ymbE-1-marakaa ku6ra katu pete: ?".eraChiquita ha la otro hera Nariquita.

Nugel,peteI Carlos vecino katu ogue-reko 1-4.teI rifle ha o-jaku-s6 larymba-jagura ha ry:nba-mbarakaja ku4ra-pe.

Niguel: j-jaka ta pe Carlos rymca-jagug.mtarakajg.-ndi, ha nd-ikatru-i a-k4.

aperooriate response

Ara na ha pyhare o-:;iorairZ

7

N-cov Iagug.-pa ogue-reko Carlos?2. Nava rymb-,3ai:ug.-pa ;:era Lassie?3. ixa-pa na,:a la nymba-mbarakja kugra?

Lassie-pa peteI mbarakajg. kuT.a?Niguel-pa Cario.,.-rymba?

t. Nbapa ogue-re. Niguel?7. Mba'4-pa oj-apo--:s Miguel?o. Miguel-pa "Xe"gusta ko'a Carlos .pcymba kuera"?9. Carlos-pa o-Earairo :.iguel-ndi ara ha pyhar6?i. Lassie-pand-ikatcdi o-k4 Niguel gui?


'xa-ta re'-nnt'?

re7pa t",,ra-pa ixa -rite.

Kamb=7

1-:ow ytumilk tr just

f;i milk.

contrast:

h- 1ft n comtahy wItn

mother.

kaMv re he takes coffee- with milk

re (2....-!1e, or rehev; indizates the thins incluueu,

or taken care r).f. ther examples:

va.erE. Handf,

ha javon re.

i-kaU la plata rr..

Xe-renave ro-I entre cuarto.

substitution

tife, mandi'6cocido, kambf'apple pie', kes.0kaguijS7, kamb

eira, manduv5:

translation

How would he like it:.Does he want it with sugar?Do you eat peanuts .with honey?Will he come with the =hey?You cannot enter the comisaria,-with your dog.

t. I sa7.- an Indian with his arrows.

We should w,s:. our ate w'tb

hot water and scat.

esca:. «12, the money.

Including me there are four

cf .

re goes around looking ,=Ift'7: me.

bife mandi'Ckambf; re?

'ap7le pie' kes;:i re?

kaguiLc-

Re-'u-se-ca a manduvf: :e?

Mbafe of -octLi?

asuct: re?

manduve re?

ta-pa la olatarei-k6 comisaria-oe

nde-rymba jaguel re.A:nexa peter indio a-flechakuera re.


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aDr_roloriat response

MLal"6-pa of -k6 ra.e nde-port_':2-me?

Mba'6-pa of -k6 ra.e xe-porety-me?Mba'6-pa of -k6 ra.e ore-poret-me?:4-ba."6Tpa re-aDo-s6 xe-Dore'-me?

IDate-pa to xe-Dore'S'-me?

Cycle 28

model

e-te-pa. ::a -:n bojere

va.e z De yvy.

What are we supposed to turnthe ground with?

B. Pala-De. With a shovel.

_3 THE STUDENT: 'with' in the sense of 'by means of' is rendered by

De (c: its nasal variant me). For example:

Ta-scrivl: lapis De.

ja-kytL. Ivse-De.apo Hande-DO-pe.

C-juka mbok5.-pe.take ha hava-me.

patterned response

We write with a pencil.We cut with a knife.We work "'with our hands.

He killed it with . gun.

We wash our hands with hot-ater and soap.

1. :,Fpa'e-pe-pa o-jr. -jukg. ryguasia, rev-aver-re-pa teraD-, kys6-pe?

ba'6Lpe-Da elevante, fiecha-:e-pa tera-pa mbo'a pukia-pe?

Mbate-De-pa o-je-juka mberu, mboka puku-pe-ra flit-pe?

. Mbate-pe-pa o-fie-pc.ano tubercu-osi, ioha- ^pa tera-pa cana-pe?

5- Mba'.1=-pe-pa Booth o-jukg. raka:e Abre:r,am revolver-pe-pa .

tera-Da esDada -re?

6. va.era-pa Eande-a6 plancha-pe tera-pa Pala -ne?

is -'u 7a.era--ca bifr, f-:Phde-nC-pe -,embi-pur.-oe?

--


abbrbbriate resocnse

1. :,:ba'e-pa jaj-ap5 plancha-pe?

2. Mba'a-pa Saj,an6 t,rbyxa.-be?

3. Mba'-pa jaj-ao6 tembi-puru-pe?Mbatpa jaj-at 6 haxa-be?

5. Ylia'e-Da ,;aj-an5 machete-De?

b. oateoa jaj.-ap6 i'Iande-p6-De?jaj-ab6 F.ande-.by-pe?

Y.ba'a-pa jaj-ap6 .Flande-,]ura-ce?

Ycapa jaj-ap6 Hande-;-esg.-De?LTC.

Cycle 29

-:-,atterns for study

0-se i-s: ndi.

0-se i-sy'2 re(he).

O-s :.ymta-jagua re(he) ;ve

0-se re(he).

4r j

He left with his mother.

He '.-ft without hi: mother.

He left with his dog.

He left without his dog.

He eats with utensils.

He eats without utensils.

TO THE STUDE:::: Notco that 'without in each of the above casesextres=,:d in t.e sane . i.e. the negative '7 plus the bostposition


recetition and conversion

Teacher:Repeat:Convert:

reacher:

Teacher:

_ocher

Teacher:

model

Roberto o-h6 vaekue tine ha-oe ndi.

Roberto o-ho vaekue eine ha-pe i-sobrino ndiRoberto o-h6 vaekue eine ha-pe i- sobrino'y re.

Agustin o-mba.ap6 kokue-pe. ndi.

Juan of -k6 Colonia LiberaciOn-pe i-familia ndi.

Aje'i ma Pablo o-xle'e hague i-je-gusta ha ndi.

Don Pedro o-'15. Paraguai-ce i-tayra ndi.

0-i bete: xe-Rmigo ikatu va o-me'ende-ve mbohacy topiti nde-cobra'S7re mba'evg.'

There is a friend of mine who''

can give you3 rabbits withoutcharging you anything.

COMPARE THE FOLLOWING:

o-cobra'S7

o-cobra'S' retie

model

he doesn't charge

W,thout his charging

Ag-pa ikatri,o-me'e xe-ve tacitixe cobra'Y re Mba'evg.

Who can give me 3 rabbitswithout charging me anything.

1. 0-mba.ap6 o-bytuiu'y re. He works without ceasing.

2. 0i-ke o-paga5= re mba'-eve. He ;:trite:ed without paying anything.

3. o-henai'Y re ava-ve-pe. They came without calling anyone.

4. o,pupu',,j re. He drank water without boiling it.

5. Ho-'11 yva o-johei pL. 'y re. She ate the fruit without washingit well.

o. 0-se avave oi-kuag.':7 re. John left without anyone's knowing it.

7. A-hg. to la reuniOn I will go to the meeting -.without

re ava-ve xe-reka. anyone's coming to get me.

xe-rehe''). He left without. me.

.Ai-kO coche'ff re ha plata'Y re. I'm going around without car and

without money.


10. . Upeva 'SP re ava-v nai katu-i Without that no one can do anything.of -ap6 mba'e-ve.

11. Hetg gentp oi-k6 ogue-rek6 'yre ho-ca va. era ha o-mondva.era.

model

Many people go around without anyt::inito eat or anything to wear.

0-fiotY tomate o-prepara 'y He planted tomatoes withoutre la yvfi. preparing the ground.

patterned response

T. Ha'.g ndo-prepara-i va.ekug la yvf.

S. 0-Hoty avat o-preparg. TY re 14

T. Ha'g ndo-heka-i va.ekug yvS7 Dora.

S. 0-Hot:;= avati c-heka 'y re la yvjr pora.

T. ha'g ndo-abona-i a.eku6 la ij-yv:f.

a',g no F.ong.i y o -Dupu va ij vy re.

dialog

A. Mba'g-pa of -apg vaku.g ?

O-Hotfi tomate o-prepara'Y re la yvf.r.

1._;pe mcnda-hg o-1-.a-EY plata reheve.:._peat: monaa-ha o-ka.FIY plata rehe7e.Convprt: ijpe mcnda-ng o-kanY plata'y rehe.

7a Clotilde o-ho Paragugy-pe i-mba'g repS7 relieve.i-portafolio reheve.

Pe indio-pe a-hexa jevfy= ma centro-pe i-flecha '::ultra reheve.Don Pablo o-U ore-visitg vo i;ymba-]agug rehevee.a criado o-guane o-U vo on Silvio-rymoa gu621 reneve.


Ue6 i-fiembya4i va tlembi-aura -pe.

S. I-aembyah3li va o-karra tembi-pure -be.

S. 1.-fiembyah;ri va okard tembi-puru'Y re.

T.

contrast

Xe-hermano o-none va.eic.ue

Pe kung -karal O-kuer6'poh.d.

Pe kuimbas i-py'a-gu?sra.

0-oaga' He dnesn' bay

0-pagaV re(he) Witnout (his, paying

TO ih STUDENT: Notice that the idea of 'without (VEH.JEA ihg' is expressed

by adding ,y retie to the v,r:rb.

recetition - conversion

T. Ha'6 o-mba.ap6 ha ndo-cytu'u-i. (works, _es

Repeat; ha'e o-mba.apo ha hao-pytu'u-i.

Convert: o-mba.ac5 o- .ytu').,:: re.

Ha'e of -k6 ha ndo-caeha'e o-ra ha nd-c-henoiMaria hoy'rl ha nd-o-.7)

A-ba to la reunir::0-1" petei karatnda-nde-covrr,'L mo'a-:

rode

a-ve-pe.(dirnk water, boil)

va-ye nd-o-%1 mo'd-i.:.de -ve mbohacy tapiti ha

cca'e-ve.

0-se -.:-e-rE.he'f-f. he left withc,ut

STUD NT: Notice that whin he post-position to a

ploncun it becomes 1.7he'Y.

batterhed remorse

xe-rehe';7?

ha xe-rehe'f7?:,,,rlde-rene'y?

Ha


5.

dialog

Ha i-sako-a

Rei-me gukert-o3ko

Hee. Ai-me.

Ha Juan.

Juan o-se rehe

,Are you still around ?

Yes I am.

id Juan.

Juan left without me.

0


BLVIEW STAGE

practice Going to Bed

Mba'eDa rej-ap6 re-Ina ?

A-moI pora a-ina xe-rucg a-kg hagua.

A-He-mbol: a-Ina a-ke .hagua.

A-leg a-Ina xe-rubg-pe a-ke mboyvg.

A-scrivl a-Ina petal carta a-kg mboyvg.

Mba'g-parei-potg ?

E-kiriri, t-a-kg.

E-mbogue pe 11s t-a-ke.

xe-rupg gui t-a-ke.

E-mbogue pe radio.

E-moi mbegue-vg De radio.

AnI ti.

E-mboty pe o-kg.

pe ventgna t-oi-ke

E-myandfjpe lrlst-a-heka mI xe-rein.

E-se okg-De t-a-He-mbol.

E-rova mi xe7ndivg ko tupa ko'ggui.

Ai-petg xetombAy vol ko'ero.

Ai-potg xelmombgy la sets ko'ero.


rractice betting

1 Mbe.'e Ora-pa nde re-ou'a ?

A-pu'a la seis rupT..

Ora-pa nde ?

Sapy'ante las nueve is sapy'ante las Once.

ixa-pa ? C-ru'a ma-ra Jose ?

Aje-pa !

Carlos, -pu'a py !

Nahaniri;: xe gueteri.

Mba'e rarpa xelmombay r

2. Ndende-mandu'a-i-pa este die jague-reko ha nete7 examen ?

Xakeirei-ty la nde-aramboha.

A-hexa, ange pyhare ma voT. ho-'a kurt.

11.7oa'e-pa o-jehil Lorenzo-re ?

Francisco o-Hone hese:7 hupa -De.

=e-kotev.:4 Ha-pu'a ja-studia.

Xe a-studig, ta xe rupa-pe-nte.

ha nde-re-ho mo'fL-i-pa clase-pe ko pynare-ve ?

Francisco, M:,L'e Ora-pa re-pu'a ta ?

Aga-ite ma. h-moi radio ila-nend mbate-pa o-I va.

Te-kotev re-::a-kakarai re-pu'a rire porcue nde-aka xara.

ha nd-ai-kuag.-i morpa o_ -me la xe-k-j%gua.


1. I-ky'g ma la Hande-savang.

2. ha e-pu'a py t-a-jon6i.

1. Mba'e-pa rej-ap6 re-Ina.

A-moi a- Ina xe-conAlta.

A-He-mond6 a-Ina.

Ajap6 a-Ina xe -ram osa gug..

Food Preparation and Lating

practice

C-pupil ma-Pa la nde- l6crc?0-pupil ma-pa is nde-kamb:;?0-pupil ma-pa la rae-;7?

0-Pupil ma pa la nde-rembi'il?

2. CJ-pupil rae va.era o-jy pores hagua.

0-pupil rae va.era re-mboguej:7_ hagua.0-pupil rae va.era re-mbonu'a hagua.0-pupil rae va.erg re-moi nagua pyre la juk§.

4. Pe-jagug-pe o-gustg. la so'O p7ra.Pe,,'sure -pe o-gustg la papa plra.

Pe-mbarakajg-pe o-gustg la kamb:"/ pyra.

Xg-ve nda-xe-gustg-i la so' O` p:',ra. Ha ndgVe?Kg-ve aver. Xe kuimba'g, nda-jagug.-i.

C-jf,", Ma-pa la nde-;:embi'il?

Ne'ira guateri, pero o-pupil ma nIna.

1. Mba'6 ixa-pa nde-gustg la verdilra,p:;rapa tera pyre?

014 o- pyre.


3.

Nda-h4-i ko .;embi'L

AEetf er-e, he'a mbox3'..

Ko oi-kotev-ve jukl.

ko cafe asucl.

T--seco-iterei ko nd-ikata-4 ha It. -

na, cervesa

Re-mboney-6 va.er la

2. Xe-pa? Nah.niri, h.c'e" pora ma.

Xe-any'6 za'a.

Xe-byt:7 ko ka oz.

ko gaileta.

etaref ko so'O.

ai-kyt7

3-fleha xe-hegui

ZJ ya xe-r-juat7E

Xe a-ate u-ve to 3u teri mix m1.

Xe xe-FZembyah:li

Zoa',e-pa reta-sse-74:

na'u-se-ve

c. » ±G katu a'l-ve

v2I

_265


Recreation

7.,-ractice

1. Ja-ha ja-hugg p,lcta.Ja-hg ja-huggJa-hg ja-hugg vgsqueval.Ja-hg ja-hugg tnis.Ja-4-1a ja-hugg b6isbol.

2. Ro-hugg kurl pelota (etc.).

Mava-pa o-gang ra.6?

Mava-pa o-berde ra..4?

Pe-se-na o-joja ra.6?

1. Nde-re-huga-se-i-pa vargha xe-ndiv6?

2. iiahaniri. Pero a-huga-s6 pelota.

1. 0-fie-pyra ma-pa la partido?

2. Nahaniri pero o-Re-pyra mbota. ma.

bra-pa opgta kc nartfdo?

2. Nd'ai-kuagi. Pero aje ma o-fie-nyra hagu6.

. 1. Mba'4 ixa-pa oi Nina hikugi?

2. Jaguarete o-gang dos a cero.

1. Oi-k6 petal pang'. Maya-pa of -nupg 'ca.?

2. Ikatu of -nung Francisco. Ha.16 oora la pelota.


1. Mba'6 re pa nde 1.-huga-se-vti'Ai ma?

X6 kane'o ma gui.

Ne'ira-pa nde-kane'ö?

Pero nae nde-re-huga-se -1/6-i ma ro, ja-poi.

re-matey -kung.?

2. :.ahaniri. Pero a-none -kuaI sg.ke.

Listening in

about the weather

dialog.

J-Lje ba Ira hakd hina?

. AHete er -e.

to -pa?

Nd-o-k3P mc'E-'

Boy, isn't it hot?

You're telling me'.

Will it rain?

No, it won't rain.

Ara hakd hina, aj6%a? It's hot, isn't it?

B. Ajti-ba Ira hakd hina'. Boy, isn't it hot:


listening ia

Jose: Mbee nende-asaje? ,

Pedro: I-pora mI-nte hina, ha ndg?Jose: . I-port1.-nte avei.,Maria: Re-kard ma-na ra.?Jose: Nah&niri. ramo hina xe

a-mba.abC hg gui.Peclro: E-guapS7, x-amigo, ha e-kard

ore-ndive.Mara: Mbeeca re'a-se?Jose: Segue -rek6 va-nte.1;-edro: E-mbohasa m: peJost: I.,de-re-je-servi-ve-i ma-pa,

Na Maria?Maria: Gracias. Kota va-nte i-bora

ma.Pedrc: Nda-i-tori-pa yvg?

bakovl na mero.Jos "7: 0-cocina he la :de -re mbi-rek6.Pedro: Hee. Afiete er-e:

A.

A.

B.

Rej-d rate?Hee, aj-d kurl.Ha moo-iko re-h6 ra e?Ha Luque-pe.

r

How are you -,his nocn?Just fine. ,nd you':

Just fine. :co.Have you eaten :,et?No. I'm just coming from work.

Sit down, my friend, and eatus.

'What would you like to eat?Whatever you have.Pass the water.Won't you have some more, on

Thanks. Th:: is fine.

Is there no fruit?There are bananas.Your wife cooks very well.That's right.

A. Re-scrivi ra'g xu-pe. Ajg-ta?3. A-scrivi,rei-l-uag ra.e.A. Hee ai_Lag. Ha mava-iko he-'i ride-ye ra.e.B. Jose o-mombe'd xe-ve kuehe.


study and listenin;:.

ana nde-re,ru-ml.no-Handia vo. ba ixa-pa

Ho:1-k6 pord-mbg.-nte.

ha lo mita-ca'ha ne. i-jlru he io=".

hikuLL.

aY-_-,ca la ne-'5: va hina:

ja-heja xu-pe

memby idd.

xu-pe,jave h:na la i-pakcve.

Ica' e re-pa nda-pe-h: ma?gui rc-Zna Jose-cc.oj-a6 hIna hate?

hIna

he. a: a.

An, mtarakaY.rak2 katu a-mbou-kuaa.

guiw, mo8-peve-ca ja-lee- a.

A-gui7e peAraka' guive-pa re-cc ha ko iivro?A: I guive

.?

What brings you here?I have come to visit you-all.How are you.We are all fine.Are your children all wellHere they are, all healthy(with good acetites).(Lit, with delicious mou-",q)

What is he sayin,z?He says he wants us to let him

study.

on Porfidio is very mad at

your son.Why?he caught him stealing his

bananas.

;,hy haven't you already gone?We are waiting on Joe.What is he doL.g?:othing, he is just not ready.


ouetions to antic :pate

Mba'.5-pa La Cue-ro dP, PP -7?

A. La Cuerpo de Paz ;tete]: organi-saciOn ogue-rekc va voluntarico-se va Norteamerica gui o-h6ha-guEl otro tetE-me. 0-He'e-kua5hiku5i re f7",e'e va mamaLeta. c -ho h6-pe, oi-k6 la g.:inte

ku5ra ndi ha o-mba.ap6 hiku51 o-. ,]e-sresialisa va.ekue-re.

o-I la Cuerpo dePlz?

Ro-: ko'5-pe ro-Mba.ap6 ha-gu5Servicia de Extensi5n Agricolandi (sera programa de SaneamientoAmbiental ndi). Eici-pytyv6-s"xu-re ku5r\a mtaT5 c -ar6hIna-te.

A2. Cuerpo de Paz o,:-at6 heta mbaterorL....ikatu h4tua o-jo-guera:.5

rora-v6 la Norteamericano ku5raambue 'Leta ndi, tera, (la hate-s:5 va) roi-kua Nora -ve haE-ua

pee-me, ha pee ore-kuaa te)ra-5-haud avel.

;C=2,. ava-pa o-pa g pee-me, gotiernolior',,eamer-lcano sera gobiernoParaguayo?

Qu6 es el Cuerpo a,t raz':

Es un crograma eh TueLo: Norteamericano -,an a

otros pal'ses, aprenden

idioma, viven entre la genie,y ayudan t6cnicamente en sucaapc de eLpecialidad.

Q2. Cu51 es la mision del Cuerrode Paz:

Al. Estamos aqua Para, trabajar conel Servicic de ExtensiOncola (o Programa de SaneamientoAmtiental) y ayudar en losprogramas que 5ste est5 d,-s-arrollando.

Al. La misiOn del Cuerpo de Pazcrear mayor comprensi6n entreei pueblo norteamericans yotros pueblos; es decir, darno:a nosotros la oportunidad deconoceries a ustedes y a,la vezayudarles a ustedes a conocernosa nosotros.

Or voluntario-nte. La gobierno A.

Norteamericano c-pa75 01.-entred-amiento re, pasaje re, e:-5 re, ha

op5 mba'5 re ro-1 aja ko'5-pe, lagobierr Paraguayo katu o-contr:ou.':ore-pasae rol-k6 a 5 o' e,

na heta mba'e-v5.

Quienes les pagan a ustede,ed ;7otierno Norteamericanoel gobierno del Paraguay?

Samos voluntarios. El gobiernoNorteamericano raga los gastosde entrenamiento, transporte,estadia, ropa,,etc.,- y elgobierno Paraguay° contr.lbuyematerialez, transporte, 10al,


c,44. Pe-elehi.-pa pee la acts. pe-

ho-se ha?

Hee. Ro-mond6 vo la ore-solicitud A.

ro'g moo-pa rc-ho-sg.

Q5. Mba'g re-pa re-elehlha7gue

A, Xe-interesg,gui is cuitura,mlasica, ha gente 3.Daragugi-pe pe

gua. Ko'al.peter tete va

ha is gente kuera iH-amable-eterei:

Y. .

^-7

A.

Nde-;11 kl.lera-pa oi-kove gueteri?

Hee. Ha'e ol-Xcve gueteri?.

:4-Date-pa nc-'I hi c,si nde are''

to ha'gue re 2-oe2.

a'e :(1.1era c,1 -kua oore mbale-pa aj-ap6 Cuer:pc de Paz-pe ha o-I

xe-ndive.. Ha kcie-ga

xe-amigo beta ha a7y'a-otar,-1..-h.

Q8. Re-hexa ga'1".1-oa nde-;i1 kuera-pe?

A. Hee, a-hexa ga'd xa-oe kuera haha'e kuera aver xe-rexg pero

py'S7inte ro-jo-scrivi ani ha,--Zue

ndo-ro-v y'a-i. Ha'e kuera ol-

kuag. ko 2 z2los a-nytg va ko'g-pexe-ptytvata ha xe-educaci6n-oe.Ha'e kuera oi-potg. xe ai-kuagarbue tete ha la i-costumbre avei.

7O

ligen ustedes el ba s donde

quieren :-?

Si. Al mandar nuestra solicituddeclaramos nuestra preferenciaen cuanto al lugar dondeaueiriamos ir.

Q5. Porque eligi6 venir al Paraguay?

A. Tengo interes en la cultura,gente, etc. del Paraguay:

is un pals muy lindc y la gentees muy amable.

Q6. Tiene todavla a sus padres?

A. Si", los tengo.

QT. No se oousiaron a cue ustedviniera acts: por tanto tiempo?

A. No. Ellos, saben cual es lamisiOn del Cueroo de Paz yestgn de acuerdc con lo cueestoy hacienda. Ademgs Eaten

aue estoy ganando aqui nuchos

amigos y cue me encuentro feliz.

Q8. No les estraHan mucho ellos?

A. Si, me extranan y yo les

extrano mucho tambien, pero nosescribimos a menudo y estoay Lida a cue no nos sintamos tan

_stes. :ambler. elics consi-

deran a estos 2 anos comp partede me educaci6h. Enos aulerencue tenga la opertunidad deconocer a otro pueblo y sus cos-

tumbres.


&7/

entrehehec pafa Igue- Qu cease de entrenamientc ha:ek tepid 1..:1-ted?

?a -7 va.ekue 3 meses Pete: univer- A.sidad Norteamerica-pe.ha.gu,1 Paragug.i gui, i-gente kugragui, ha i-custumbre gui. Fo-studi5. avei karari: Fley-e ha avaHe'I: ha rc-resivi ge=es ent:-ena-miento es ;eciana upgi ro-nytg = semana Sanlcrensc-pe, u20 -De roi -k

Faraguayo kugra ndi 5z upe ajgro-st-adia vg IL rcj-ac 6 va.era.

C,10. ZJ a-rek6 netel kat:- xe-;-Oga-pe. S.a'g re-Da ndg-re-j_.-i :ei-kc

ore- =dive?

arg-ruvixa he-li orb -vere-ko na't,-;ua nete.L nensiOn-pe'

roi-kuag ha ro -ntenc 2\ -;Jpev..; la Dueb.le ha la gente kugra-ce. Jci ro-z3 to :oi -k isfga oart4cular-ze.

Q11. a re ^ga ne-mba.apC' organi-

saci.in gotierno-pe gua ndi a?_6?

Crg n2= -rc-mba.apC-i gobiernondi o. Fc'-kuaa vovg net9Iorganisacin nartdcular 0-flenyr:7 hg ge=es orograma ncra

ore ro-I ro-mba.an5 halua ixa

-Q12. oc ere

_oa netel organj.-

in religicsa?

A.

n17

Pasamos ties meses en una univer-sidad en Norteamgrica aprendiendoacerca del Paraguay, la gentesy sus ccstumbres. Tamb:.gn

estudiamcs espaHol y guarani yrecibino entrenamiento especialde la tgcnica de7espugo sasamos cuatro semanas.2.n San Lorenzo con familias

Paraguayas durante las cualesestudamos mgs acerca de lo queestaremos hacienda aqui.

eo teams una Dieza en mi casa.Pcroug no viene a vivir connosotros?

:;ouestrcs directcres ncs hainstruido a vivir en una pensiOnhas:a cue ccnozcamos y comorend-amcs mejor al pueblo entoncesnodemcs vivir en una casa particular.

For qug trabajan =steles sola-mente-con organizaci'ones delgobierno?

No no limitamos a trabajar concrganizaciones del gobiernc. Encuantc una organizaciOn par-ticular desarrolla un Drogramaadecuadn estamoslistos paratrabajar con ella.

Tiene ei Cuerno de Paz algunamisi5r. reiigiosa?


'

Nananiri. Nda-ha'g-i organf.aci6n

religiosa. Upepe of -kg of -me rap

va religion-pe gua. Ente7) c-ao-

ndive pg ro-mba.an6 opg to a

tuixa-vg hagua .

A. El Cuerl: i de Paz no es una

DL -nizaci6n religicsa. Personas

d: llquier relisi5n puede ser

.nt.es de ella. Todos

tray. os juntos para un fin

.l3. Nde-oa re -mender va?

H'ee.

X13. Es naqad,:,

a ma-pa re -rends Q14. CuLntc 1s-

A. 3Jap6 can aao. Un aao.

C;i15. Mba'g re-pa nde pende-memb-i? Por sue

Cv.erpo de Paz ndo-permiti-rila.ore-memb ko'a 6,7;E:

aaos roi-me aja kc'g-pe. Xe-

El C.uerpc de Paz ;:,;. 1.,)s permitz

tener nijoo durante e:,t0s dos

anos. Si tenemos 37.

rembi-rek6 i-memb .,%da-ikatu

o-mba.apO Lo.zque oa-atenao

va.era i-membicr re.

esoosano puede trabajar porcuetends, quo cu.aar a niaos.


Adjectives

WORD STUDY

=rot:. whiteo-mbomorct: he whitenslv'a dirtyo-mbongy'g he makes it dirty

_

ra-ve bettero-mbop3ra-v he improves itak weto-mbyak he wets it downi-ka dryo-mboka he dries ithakt1a sharpo-mbohakug he sharpens ithe'e sweeto-mboheva he sweetens ittuvixa great; largeo-mpotu....ixa he enlarges itpyha.:: 'new

a-mbopyhau I renew it

Noun E.

kuarahg suno-mbokuarahg he suns ittrue holeo-mbokug he perforates itlaera he names itsa ropeo-mbosa I hitch

puku longa-mbosElpukil

mbykg shorta-mbosambykg

VT//' seama-mbovyvg I sew ittsig foolo-mbotavg he fools himhendg blazea-mOy(h)endgatg pileo-mbyatg he gathers thr:m

(te animal tosomething)

: hitch itlots cf slack

: hitch it withlittle slack

a fire

Verbs

o-pgy he wares upo-mbombgy he wakes hit-; up0-13'a he risesc-mbopu'a he raises ito-kg he sleepso-mbong6 he puts hiL. to sleepo-ike he enterso-mboingg he puts it in

he comes11! sends (makes come)

O s are leaves.o mbose he gets rid of ito-iov-j: he livesa-mboingoA" I make it liv,i:

keep rt aliveo7karil lie ,-2a-.s

-mbongarCI he feeds him_J-ku,r.g he healso-m:.onguerg he heals himo-hasg to passo-Mbohasg 1Bassos it

',7-3


El Telegrama

Los estudiantes se sientan en circulo tomados de la mane. Uno

de ellos queda en el .centro del clrculo come 'X' en la grgfica de abajo.

1

82

X 3

6 4

5

El juego consiste en enviar ciertos 'mensajes' a otro par medio de

senates imperceptibles otra vez de las manos unidas. El estudiante en

el centro tratarg de descubrir quiet) ester pasando a quien el 'mensaje'

antes que ella llegue a la persona a quien es enviada. Veamoslo.

El numero 1 quiere envier un telegrama Ent6nces:

Nilmero 1: Ague-rehauka-se petei telegrama.

X: Mava-pe-pa, karal?

NUmero 1: Ague-rahauka-se Carlos-pe.(Carlos es el nilmero 8 y le

envia.)

X: 0-guahe ma" pa?

Niamero 8: Neetira gueteri. (u) 0-gualle ma!


Supongamos cue 'X' logra -2r o descubrir cue el nilmero 5 estgnasando el 'mensaje' a niamerc o por medic de una presiOn en la mane..i....ntonces 'X' dirg: Na pe-pe. Y nilm,-ro 5 coma perdedor ocuparg ellugar de 'X' en el crcuio, hasta

at.. cane a otro mandando el 'mensaje'.Puede .jugarse hasta cue todos hayan... ten1do la oportunidad de ter''X'.

Si los estudiantes estIn capacitados puede afiadirse el contenidodel emensajel o telegrama. Por ejemplo:

A-Fiete-se nde-ndive.

A-karu-se nde-raga -pe.

A-mendg to ko"e-ro.

etc.


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.377

B. MI-cy-pa 1 a tapiti°

Mbohapy o-nupyt:; 1.010 guarani rupd ha reachla henda gul rui. their housing

Xe nsia-gue- __:o -i la plata a-jogua haguaixa la rapid.

A. jkatu ne-pa re-.]oua la o-He-koteve va endagua kuera:

ikatd ne.

Na-regue-re1:1-i rE--; jepe la hepy re., orikatia ro-consegu! nde-7e, o-I betel xe-amigo o-me'e ta va nde-ve mbohapv tapitinde--cobra'Y. re mbateve, nde re-me' e ta ramoxu-pe la seis re-mbongakuag ree-ve va.

oPero LemEalyji hetg. tapiti, nde rej-ao6 ta upe ixa aver pet nde- axaigo re.

I-pora la nde-idea, ikatla ne-pa upe 1-iret

a-nePyra a-:.e-r.kg la tapiti ro'o He- venderpe?

A. ride -rehe me ma o-I upg va. Tapiti Ito'oo-valg Paragu4-pe 140 el kilo.

B. .I-porn-iterel upe va, pero Paraguaymombyr-eterel.

A.

lo necesari,-

when you have

sell, market

that depends on you

Pero ndg niko ikatu ko'g-pe-te re-je-hekg: you yourself marketpype.

Xe-pytyv8 ne-pa a-roja hagua la i-koteveva henda gua kuera. Xe ndague-reko-iMpa'e-re-pa agueru ta?

A. Hee, mbale guiteoa ani xene ta?Mba'e tek6-pa -ja-jo-topg.r6 lunesferreterfa rovg.i las nueve rupi.

B. 0-i porn, ja-pytg. upe ixa, entonces.Basta luego.

bringfor their pen

Why not?How about?


Bol Well-Water

;6za-pe c-I rate_:,

ha ro-non vo la ;i::-,,nda-jepi

i-ocra-i. SaPy'a-nte nenyhe-mbe yso'r

na ope ixa gue vrxo nd-o-je-n exe-i

va gui. Ha o-je-'d ramo uze y ky'e

gui, umiva um: vixo o-porn-mtohas:7.

?era o-F:e-mbozuoil ramo upe media

rupi, o-manO-mbe hikuei ba. _ .

pyta f 1-pot: sake..

In my grandfather's home

there's a well. And when

we fetch water from it,

not always good. Sometimes

it is all full of worms nd

all sorts of bugs which are

not seen. And if one drinks

of the dirty water, those

cause peoPle sickn.:ss. But

if the water is made to boil for

about half an hour the. bugs

will die and the water stays

clean and clear.

listening_ for comzrehension

.aa-mor nde re-Hen3 vol hague kurl ange-pyhare, ha xe katd

7.-3en3 vcr-ri hagug, a-he gui a-farree pde-chica ndi.

aaoroariate response

Xe-pa voi ra.e ange-pyhar?

Ha'e-pa vol ra.e ange-pyharg?

Ange-pyhare na'e o-flen8 vol kurl.

Ha araka'g-za nde vol

:4ava ndi-za a-ha a=farree ra.e anO-pyhare?

Listening for comprehension,

Kuehe a-pu'a kurI las seis. A-jovahei ,a-F:e-henaa'o, ha aj-d ko'e-re,

a-mba.ap6, ha a-vy'a zende-nd:Ive. Upei a-he kurla-kard cafeterla-

te ha a-he a-ke.

a-pu'a,a-studio guaranr,a-scrivrpeter c?-taha pe las tres rupi, aj-ia

e. a -pe, a-tope Jose-pe, ha upei pej-d kuri zee. L_ ope 1.-re la ilande-

clas-_, kurl a-cen,ft ha uzei a-jand ha a-Eakaky'6.

A-Eaejaky'c :sire a-Flen6, a-leg petei novela,na pe las 10 ru;ri a-ke.


approprf,ate response

Mba'e hOra-na a-ou'a ra.e kuehe?a- a. ra.e?.

Mba'e-pa "aj-a.pe ra.e?Marna a-kart ra.e?Mbate-pa aj-ap6 ra.e a-karu r_-e?Xba'e-pa a-studig ra.e a-pu'a rir5?Mba'e-pa a-scrivl ra.e?ba'e-loa aj-ap6 ra.e te las tres rupi?

Mava-pe-pa a-topes ra.e?Mava-pa o-d ra. upei?Mba'e-pa aj-an6 ra.e opg rire la Faande-clase?Mba'e-pa a-lee ra.e?

(h)Ora rupi-pa a-kg ra.e?

lictening for comprehension

Xe xe-sera Eulogia Centurion. : -nace va.ekue Villarrica-pe el dos denoviembre de 1944. A-rek6 15 hermano, ha xe-sS:- ha xe-rd. 0j-ap5 tresmeses aj-11 hague ko'g-pe a-mba.apo hagua.

AraRue a-mba.a:o peter despensa-pe ha pyharekue katd a-studies ikatu haguaixa ai-pytyva la xe-familia kuera-pe poroue ore ore-mboriand ha ore-retg,a aver La xe-17-11 i-tujg ma ha nd-ikatu-ve-i ma o-mba.ap5..

Culture Note

Las adivinans en ei Paraguay son muy populares. Es e2 oasatiempoen el que los arandu ka'at" miden el poder de su ingenio o la chispa de suiaginaci6n.

Es en realida. un concurso del saber. Los temas son incontables.Estes profudamente inc Istada en la cultura paraguaa. Es que tooparaguayo -s amigo de la adivananza; nada le imnresiona tanto como lahatilidad mental a la cianera del Supin del Crimen de la calle Moroue.D-.


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STAGE

Cycle -

Ai-rytyvo kur xu-rg kokuehg : helped him last time withhembi-arg-pe. his work.

catterned response

kuri kokueng Lmbi-a6-re.Ai-pytyv3 kuri xu-D6 kokuehe hembi-ap6-pe.

2

Roi-pytyvo kurl kokuehg 1:embi-arE.-re.

3 Ha na'g?tyv7,5 kur xu-n6 kokuehg Lembi-ap6-pe.

Ha ore?

5. Ha xg?

c :a Landg?

Lon l:ilverio

X'-re kugra

Ha nag?

Roi-rytyv5 kurt Don Silverio-pe ko-kuehe Lmbi-arg-re.

Roi-pytyvo kurt xu-pe kugra kokuehgnembi-arg-re.

:a Rurerta 2oi-pytyvo kurt ?i Ruperta-pe ko-kliehe hembu-arO-re.

Uri A:7ente de Extenxion Agricola ROi-pytyvOkur3: Umi Azente deExtencion Arcola re kokuehg17.embi-ang-pe.


ambu. a-hex,a. -)ay before yeterday .Law him

at home.

SUbStitUti

A-;:exL5... Kuehe ar5.bu'e" a-1' ,.ex_. xu-pe SOga-be.

:-.h.,13' Kuehe embu.6 a-heroi xu-Pe hCp.-te.

Ai-byty7b- Kueh.4 imbue ai7pytyvC xu-Tie hCga-pe...- ..

,-he,:a Kuehe ambue'a-hej6. xu-pe h6ga-pe.

.r ,- :a.arx Kueh6.ambu6 a-na.arO xu-pe h6ga-pe.o

u Kuel-C6 ambu6 a-juhla xu-pe h6ga-pe.

translation

saw him downtown yesterday.2. : will call him tonight at home.

We left him at the party last night.Car:Ds will. them this week-end.

5. We wait.ed for him for three hours, but he didn't come.

o. I found him in a bar.

_model

Ikatd--ba xe-1-E.aro mi ? A-I-Mba Could you please wait for me,

ta sanyta-ite-ne:- I'll be ready in a moment.

transformation

A-I-mbg,ta sapyta-itg-pe

^o -I-mbg ta sanyta-ite-pe

Ikatcrna xe-27-a.arc mI ? ta

sapy'a-itg-ne.-

Ikatirpa ? ta

sany'a-ite-pe.

78. ?able. ta sapyta-itere-1*-15...aro ml Fla Paola -ne.

ta sapy'a-itgpe.


substitution.

Xel-a.aro mi

Ore-;a.aro

Xe-27-endu mi

Xe-Dytyv3 mi

Cre-endu mi

Ore-ytyv3

Pe-:.:151.aro mi don Angelo -pe

3g3

,Ikatu-Da xe-1.a.aro mi saDy'a-itg ?

Ikatia-Da ore-T7-a.aro ml sapy'a-ite ?

Ikatupa.xe-/-endu mi se:Dy'a-ite ?

Ikeitia-pa xe-pytyva n sapy'a-it6'?

Ikatia-Da ore-.;endu ml saDy'a-i:te ?

Ikati:1-Da ore-pytyv3 misaDy'a-ite ?

Ikatia-Da.pe-C..a:aro mi don Angelo-pe saDy'a-ite ?

Pei-pytyv8 ni Juan-pe Ikatil-papei-pytyvO mi Juan-De salpy'a-ite ?

model

Don Silverio Dende-Dytyv3 saDy'a- Don Silveri helps you every oncePY'L in a while.

substitution

Oi-pytyv3 'Don 'Silverio.pende7pytyV8 sapy'a-Dy'g.

g-Sekg. Don Silverio Dende--r-eka saDy'a-Dy'g.

0-1°ienai. Don Silverio pende-.;en8i saDyla-pyig.

Don Silverio pende-rexg sapy'a-Dy'g.

model

14ava-Da nde-Dytyvo- ta ka'api-pe ? Who is going to helpyou withthe hoeing ?

substitution

;Ndg-veMaya-pa xe-pytyva ta ka'aDf-DeMara-Da nde-pytyvo ta ka'apf-pe ?


model .

Juan ore7pytyv5 ta ko semPna-pa

hg-re

substitution

Ko senana-ta hg-ne

Ho mes-na hg-1;e

Ko aHo-na hg-pe

Ko'ero

Ko semana

Ko mes o-6 va-pe

'patterned resnmse

John will help us this week-end..

Juan ore-tytyv8 ta ko semana-pa hg-ne..

Juan ore-nytyvo ta ko mes-pa hg-pe.

Juan ore-rytyvo ta ko afo-ra hg-pe.

Juan ore nytyva ta kotero.

Juan ore-nytyvo ta ko semana va-se.

Juan ore pytyv5 ta ko mes o-u va-pe

1 Juan ore-pytyv5 ta ko semana-pa hg-pe. Ha pee-me ?

Juan ore-nytyvo ta ko semana-pa hg-ne.

2. Ha nde-ve?Juan xg-n:Vtyvo ta ko semana-n.. hg-pe.

3. Ha ?

4. Ha aande-ve ?

; Ha org-ve ?

o. Ha lxu-pe ?

T. Ha Don Porfirio--pe?


t

85-i.-.

P,-e-me Mavi.. ytyvO ta ka'ap.-pe ?Ore-ve , Mave-pa ,v5 ta kataDI-De ?I7ande-ve Mava-D ..-7,:a tY'VO ta ka'ap;'--De ?,

/ dXu-pe Mava"Da oi- c5' ta xu---pe ka'aDi-De ?Pedro-De Mava7Da oi-pyL_ .5 ta Pedro-De ka4aDf-De ?

patterned response

.1. Mava-Da n4epytyvb ta kataDf-De ?

Nd-ai-kuag-pora-i. Don Porni.rio ke-Dytyv5 ko kuehe.

Mava-pa xe^pytyv5 ta ka!apipe ?

3. Mava-Da pende^pytyv5 ta ka'aripe ?

4. /Mdva-pa oi7pytyv5 ta Juan-pe ka'aDi-De

5. Mava-Da fiandc-pytyvo ta ka'apf-pe

Mava-pa oi-Dytyv5 ta,xu-De 'ka';.pf-pe ?

Cycle 3

Model

Xe-Vr he-if xe-ve xe-;-enoi ta hg My mother told,me that sheko semane.-ra hg-pe. would call me this week -end.

transformation - substitution

Nde-sY

Pende-s:f.

'Xe-sl xeq-enoi ta ha kosemana-pa hg-De.

xu-pe o-fienai ta hg xu -peko semana'-pa hg-De.

Ore--Qijr he-'1 ore-ve ore^ltenai,ta hgko.semana-:pa hg-pe.


Pende-s5: pee--me bende^;enoi ta, he.-

ko semana-pa

kuera kue'ra xu -pe kuera ,o-henai ta hg.

xu-pe ku6ra ko semana -pa

batterned resnons'e

:tba"6-pa he-'1 nde-ve nde-sS? ..

. .

Xe-s2.:' Ihe-' xe-ve xe renOi ta ha pe 5e7ana o-u va ne.,

2 Yloa'e-pa he -'1 pe&-me bende-S ?,

3. fiande-4'?

::bale-pa ore-ve ore-sS' ?

'ba'e-pa xu -oe iLs2 ?

model

Are ma hase nd-o-u-ve-i hague- It's been a long time since he

ore-andu. came to visit, us.

1

patterned response

Mba'e-pa neikuag. don Pedro gui?Mba'e-ve, nde. Are ma ha'e ni-o-u-ve-i.hague ore-andii.

Mba'e-pa ei-kuag. don Pedro gui.Mba'e-ve, nde. Are ma ha'e nd-o-u-ve-i hagug xe-andu.

dialog

A. IC-Ova ningo Ricardo Jones, peter Cuerpo de Paz-pe gu(

vo1untario o-mba.ap6 va ore-ndj.vg.

3. Xe-row roincuag VQ.

t.


"2.,:erpo de Faz--.:e

gua

Peter xe-amigo

Cuerpo de Paz director

Agente de .:,xtensi6nAgricola

dialog

nova ningo

Paz-pe-gug

KOva ningo

nova ningodirector.

KOva ningoAgricola.

=72

7

tiRicardo Jones, peter Cuerpovoluntario.

Ricardo Jones, petei xe-amigo.

Ricardo Jones, Cuerpo de Paz

Ricardo Jones, Agente de ExtensiOn

A. Ko'ava ?lingo ore-amigo 'Ic.1J.era Cuerpo, de Paz-pe gug, Jaime..Williams ha ;iembireko Maria.

B. Xe-rory. poi-kuag va:

activity

a.

b.:

Each of the volunteers must present the person next to him to someone,mentioning briefly something about the person he presents.

Each one in the class must present two or more people to someone with-

appropriate comments.

Model

Poi-pytyvor;.sg, pero a-hgva.era a-ASa.apC.

.

I should like to help you-all,but I have to go to work right..now.

transformation - substitution

Re-h6 va.era re-mba.az6

Re va.era clase-'oe

Poi-pytyvo7se, pero aga-itg a-ha va.eraa-mba.api5.

Poi-pyt;:rvo-sg, pero Ege:-it6 a-ha va.eraclase-pe.

fl


Re-st7.:dia va.erd.

model

9L43-,te a-studig,

Ika7Z:7.a re.} -L' ore-Dy-,:,yva ? Can you.2ome help us ?.

tatterned restcnse

ore-Dy-,yvo ?

pe_ - n -_a va.era n

2 _ x1.1-p6.

3. Ika7/i-pa

Ikat(1--Da ore-p:. 'c,yv5 ?

5:, Ikat-ta xe--ty-Lyvb" ?

conversion change sub;]ect todirect object and vice versa)

deXe

Xe-tytyv-O' saty'a-py'g.

Roi:'pytyvo saty'aLpy'L

2. Pee 0-ne-tytyvo saty'a-py'g.

Or Pende-mrtyvo sapyra-py'el.

3: Ha'e- Xe rexaXe ..-hexes xu -re saty'a-py'g.

Xe Ro-hexa-na-ite kurl.

5. Pedro Hande-mbo'e-se la pelota re.

4. Ore ro-hZ.aro'ta ko'ero cafeteria -pe.C4

Pee xe renai va.ere. te-h6

Carlos nde-kuae..-tora.

Po-heja to saty'a mi.

Ajg.'T. Ma rdhenai hague.

O

12.


tenas cue or a visitarie a un amigo tuyo auien hace rato te esta esperandocasi_ y tu queras irte sero tuviste cue esPerar a otro voluntario.mientras

61 se :;reparaba para salir. Ahora niches cue explicarle a su amigo cue pas.

Amigo. iace rat° cue te estoy esnerando, aue Dash

re- va.era kuri re-ñand o petel ne-amigo-re las ocho guar:, nero re-h6las ,:iez re-hat ar5 gui otro voluntario-pe ko'a&a ndg er-e,..va.era la ne-amigo-ne mbaeg-na la c-jehu va ndgve.

Amigo: Nde-rej-ia va.era--i-pa las ocho ra.e?nero

Cycle L

model

ta po-Handu vo este dig gui We'll come to visit you (see owcui-nce-ne. you are-) two weeks from today.

substitution

;..ste dig gui cuince-pe

bone dig gui ocho-pe

.'37tadogui ocho-pe

semana-pa ha-ne

model

ROj-U ta po-flandia vo este dig cuicuince-ne.

ta po-Handia vo este dig guiocho-pe.

Roj-5.-ta no-riandU vo sgbado gui ocho-pe.

ta oand vo ko semana-pa

Araka'6-na ta o:re-andu ml ? When will .you-all come to visit us?



Arakal.4pa2. Arakate-pa3. Araka'6-pa4. Araka'.5-pa

5. Araka"6-pao. Arakale-pa

dialog

ta-ore-andu mipej-u to xe-andu

ta_xe-andu mita ore-andu _.ii

od ta Don Porfirioo ta Don Porfirio

ore-andu i ?

xe an .0 mi ?

O

Cycle 5

A. Nde-gusta-pa la ?

B. Hee, xe-gusta-itere5.:.

Do you like the food ?

Yes, I like it very much.

appropriate resmonse

1. Nde-gusta -pa ko ore -seta ?

Pee -me -pa pende-gusta ko ore-reta aveT. ?

3. Mba'6.'pa a-porandia pee-me ra.e ?

4. Ha mbaie ixa pa Me-contesta va.era ra.e ?

dialog

A. Rei-potairo, ikati ro-mboi6 la If you like, I can teach you

guarani re. / Guarani.

B. CI Dora ai-rota xe mbo e. Fine,'I'd like you to teach me.


traftslation

: .

i. If you-all want, I can teach ycu English.2. Fi- we would 'like you to tPach,,,:s.3. If you-all 'want, we c. teach yr,. Guarani.

Fine, we would like you-all to t.each us.yoU(sg;) want, we can t'each you Spanish.

c. Fine, 1 would like you to teach me.

Cycle 6

_;de-re-studia ro, nde-re-aprende cord mo'7.-i la lecci6n.

If.you don't study, you w.on'tle\arn the lesson' wall.

THE STUDENT: 'If' it the present and future tenses may be rendered byranc (generally shortened to r8). Examples:

transformation

0-d ta rarno, a-hg. ta. If he will come, I will go.0-d ta a-hg. ta.

r8, a-pytg. ta. 1 If you leave, I will stay.ramo, a-pyt,a ta.

(change to negative).

Re-studia rb, re-aprende ,Dora ta la .eccion.

Nde-re-studia-i ro, nde-re-aprende pord mo'L'i la lecel5n..

2 Re-poi ro pz. gui, ,a ore su u.rS De jagu gui, nd-:katd mo'L-i

Re-sapukgi r8 va nde-l'endu ta.

:


pya' ikatd ta hEra-pe.

. -Jr- zvtyva" rJ, jai-ko-p& ta as .cinco guar'.

Pei-kcn& ra la cinco guara, 48.-h& ta jeroky h&-ne.

Nd-ai-kuaa 0-ho ne la seis runi. I don't know. He willprobably go about 6:00.

Ne indicates :nybothetical (probable or poSs'b7c,) futur.

Examples:ta o-n5. He will be able tC go.

Ikatd ne c-hd. H- w'77 probably be able to go.

catterned response

1 0-ha ta o-mba.at6 on Pule este di& ?Ndai-kua&i.-0-he'ne is seis rupi.

2 Pe cen& voi.ta-pa ko pyhare ?Ro-cents ne la seis runi.

J. Re-h6 ta-pa re-:mba.an6 vo ?

tea' e _.era to ja-terereha(Thaa ko'"e'ro ?

5. h5ra ikatd ta -F-Ia-Henyra ko'"ero ?

model

Re-haihd ro peter naraguaya-pe-pare-mend& ne -hese ?

If you were to fall in love with

a Paraguayan girl, would you

marry her

TO THE ETU NT: The hypothetical future is also used stmew hat like the

conditional"tense in Spanish or the ':;soIld nius

English.

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A. R -aco-pg. ne-pa ko'dro guard la nde-rembiap6?.o

P. A,,tato-cg ne, sair ma o-faltg xg-ve.

A. Mpg ixa rO-ca ja-hg ne la partido hE-pe _,hare?

3 Sa-ha ta katu-etg.

attrotraiate resconse

Fe-mb.a.ap6 ne pa pyharekuere-topes r8 travajo?

Josg-ca c -he ne o-study g hagud Africa-pe?p4 , 7 e--u -e p- ara ?ore. ro 1%o ro.

i-kua3 neca hg ko'g-te?

Re-u ne-ca tapit. :"..o15?Aj-as6 ne-pa la ikatii ma guivg?

Pe-hejg ne-pa ape trabajo ce-gana-vg ta rO?

sentences fc~ study

_j-atE ne -pa ha-ig ra ndg -ve?

ne ca la ha-'g va xu-pg?

ne -tea ndg aver?

Pe-vytg. ne-pa Paragugi-ce?

ne re-h6 ro

Paragugi-ne?

rej-ac6 ne regue-rekO r8

.00C.00C e dolares?

(ne)

Lo harras se te--21c1 dijera?

Harra lo cue lo dijera?

Lo comerra Ud. tambign?

17e harrarlas en Paraguay?

'Que. harras si fueras a Paraguay?

Que harlas si tuvieras un millon

de dolares?


model

e -11.6 oyharekue r lareunion ?

Would you go if the meetingwere at night ?

resnohse

rej-ap6 ne :

Oi-k6 r6 nde-he,:ui ?residente de la Repalica.

.2. _;de-nlata :eta r3.

F-e-noha= ro loterfa la Grande.

r Deter" ,2[1gui

ec ro nda rei-kua6.-. moo gui o-je-guer(a la.

ro :"'.de -kas5 rev'. gente apyt6-ne..

7 ::de -s' f'. r6

conversion (change to future tense)

nena rei-pytyv6 haguEna reipytyvo nagua xu -oe ?

:;ie-nuloL ;;a 7a nde-remcireKo re -ne e rat ro nPs.. ?

pa re,;-ap6 ne la nde-;-6ga r ?

Pe-mba.ano na are aj5. upe-ne ?

Ogue-rl'i'ne-Da 1-tajyra la jeroky ?

ontL ne ij-a6 ?

?e -::,o vv ne-pa ko ar.) tujaku6 ?


model

Oi-k5 ra cine, o-u ne-ba nde-ruaver ?

If there is a movie, will yourfather come, too ?

model

Ozpytg. pra-v6 ne xg-ve It would be better for me if

ra la reuni6n hOra. we change the meeting time.

substitutico

0-tyt nora-v6 me x6-ve :1a-cambia ro la reumi5m herd.

3-rvta tora-ve me xe-ve Ha-cambig. ro la reuniOn rendL

tora-vg me ::e -ve 11a-cambi5. r"C la reunion "eira.

model

0--cyt5. pora-v6 ne-pa ndg-7Fe Ha-

cambi6. ro la reunion Ora ?

Would_it be better f you if

we change the meetir. time ?

00

yodel

A-hg. ta oyharekue ro la reunion. I will-go if the meeting isat night.

subs-titution

A-h61 ta byharekue ro la reunion.

ta s'ibadokue ro la reunion.

ta pyharevkue rc:5 la reuni5n.

ta ka'arukue ro la reunion.


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Pete! coche ha ,1,a xe-re15.

Carlos o-meY6 ro xg-ve petei-coche, xe a-me'e ta xu-re la xe-re16.

Peter kuatig tia la xe-lgpis.Ndg re-me'e r xg-ve peter kuatig xe" a-mete ta ndg-ve la xe-igpis.

3. Pete: ,je.ug ha la -Mbarakajg.

Xe a-me'e ra xu-Pe peter -jagug ha'g o-mete ta xg-ve la mbarakajg.

model

e-m?'e ra xg-ve peter lgpis,. If you give me a pencil, :'

25 a-me'e ne'ndg-ve peter kuatig. you_a (piece of) paper.

ive

A-mete randg-ve peter lgpis, If I give you a pencil, what

mbatg-pa nde re-me' e ta xg-dre ? will you give me

model

01-ko rc cine, ne If there were a movie, mti father

would cone, too..

substitution

*-ke5 cine.ko ro cine, ne xe-hermano avei.

Ikatu of -k6 cartido.

Ikat'd of -k6 7je-karia.

IkatC1 of -k6 jerck:7.


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Ai-kuag nde-re-ho-i hagug la'reuni:7n.

I know that you didn't go tothe meeting.

patterned response

Ye nd-a-hg-i kurt la reunion hg-pe.nde-re-ho-i hagug reunion'hg-pe

2. Nd-aj-d-i kurl Nueva York gui.Ai-kuag hage Nueva York gui.

=. NO-a-F:angareko porri kuri- is ;apitT. re:

NO-o-mbopotIri kurl la

restatement and alertness check

T; Nd-a-hg-i kurl la reunion'hg-pe.S. Ai-uaa nde-re-ho-i hagug la reunion hg-pe.

T. ha'6?S. Oi-kuth nde-re-ho-i hague, he-'i.

NO-aj-C1 kurl Nueva York rubi.

did-a-Fiangareko pora-i la 1-*.apiti re.o

M. Nda-mbopotI-ri la xe-kotS7.

model

-gradece nde-ve xe-nytyva hagugre. . I thank you for helping me.I thank you forhaving helped me.

TO Ti E STUDENT: Hague is composed of hague plus the post-position rehe.Notice that it means loth for VERB-ing' and 'for having VERB-ed'.

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mode.:

0-Hepyru'vo o-He'e of -kg Juan. As he began to talk, Johnentered,

:0 THE J: ENT:

i^ egration

vo is used to express simultaneity of action.

A-Hepyra vi -kg Juan.

A-Flepyra vo of -kg Juan. .

2. Dr.Hembo'y. Oi-nuoa xu-pg.

o.

kotg-oe. A-hexg. xu-pg.

0-Eepyra o-k.

0-huo`. la Y. 0-s6 la plola.

C-purahei. 0-Hebyra o-se- la gente.

model

Ybae bao-jehd xu-be o-guejg vo? what; happened to him as he

got /down?

substitution

o-guajgHa'g o -se 0-guatg.

-;Ha'g o-guahE

Ha 'g o-hasg

Ha'g o-u

Mba'e-ba c7jehil xu-pg o-guejg vo?

Mba'g-pa xu-pg o-se vo o-guatg?

Mba'-gpa o-jehrl xu-pg'b-g,lahe vo?o-jehil xu-oe o-hasg vo?

na'g'-pa o-jehu xu-pg o-15.

.C5


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model

Juan o-ourahL o-hO vo calle John was going own the streetsinging.

oatternea resoonsf:

9e mita calle re.mita o-D'..._ ahi o -h vo oalie re.

Pe mita o-1.1

Pe mita o-tarah.L. o-ta vo clase-oe.Pe-mita of -k5 calle re.

Fe m4t2 c-7ustrc!. oi-k5 vo saoat'L

oattenred resconse.

-ale re.Pe -mita o-mOa.al. ci-k5 vo calle re.Pe mitFd o-lustr5. sai:atd.

Pe o-lustra vo sapatia.

model

2 hat goesl around shining

cj7aC o:-k6 mita? What is that kid going arounddoing?


r

translation

As he _came in, I was leaving.

2. When he left, I was /studying.

3. When i,saw him, I ran.That little boy goes around shining shoes.Voy aprendiendo a hablar Guarani.He is coming down tfie street singing.When he left,- I was getting dressed.I saw him as he passed.

Cycle 10

model

L/0/-7/ .

A-ha ku6.-vo nde-roga-be ha-'amo'a

On the way to your house I almostfell in the mud.

TO THE STUI;ENT: moig. refers to an action ,that was about to or intended. to

habben, but didn't.

substitution

I. A-ha kue vo nde4.-6ga-me ha-'a mo'a

2. A-ha ku6 vo upe .centro-pe ha-'a mo'a

3. A-hakt:Li vo ubel:jeroky hl-pe ha-'a mo'a

model

o-jenu nde-ve rej-ukue vo xe-yoga -be ?

What napDened to you on theway to my house ?


///c

model

Ho-h5 mo' ande--a-ne zero We were going to go to yourhouse, but it rained.

substitution

0-ky

O-u xe-ti.

Ore-gan5, la camiA

F,o-h5 mo'a.nde-it6ga-e nero

Ro-n5 mo'a nde-ItOga-z n-ro o-41 xe-ti6.

0,F,o-ho mo'a nde-roga7ne zero ore gana- la camlon.

0-fe-mbya T. la ore-cache Ro-hC mo'a nde-roga-ze pero o-Fle-mbyaf la ore-coche.

0

nasy,

ore-negufla nde-direccin.

model

mc'a nde-it5ga-ne zero as xe-rembirek6.

no' nde--6ga-ze nero o-ke21-, o,-e-heguf la.nde-direoc:i5n.

A-guejf7 mo'a ze escuina-ne pen:no.10-n,rtg.-i la cami-A.

was going to get of at thecorner, but the bus didn't ston.

substitution

scuina

Coronel Oviedo

A-guej:2 m&IE, escuina-ze Pero nd-o-pytf-i la camiOn.

To'a Corone_:. ....._edo-ne zero nd-o-nvte7'ila camicn.

Centro A-gue,jy mola centro-pe : nero nd-o-zyt6.-i la cami5n.

answer using mora

re-za.nde-reira.e angZ pynar6 ?

Y,ba'ti4 gui-pa ndere-h5-i ra.-1; cy-rok.,

Y.ba'e guiza nde-re-Eue ,:y-r pe escuina-De


:.'fba'I6 -re-pa nda-pej-ii-i ra. ore-visit5. vo ?

4

. Mba' re pa ra. 'ciase-re.nde-rembireke ?

6. Mba'6-pa ra. rid6-ve rej-1-1 ku6 vo ?

7 Mba'e gui-ra nde-re-guejy-i ra. centro-re ?

b. Mba' re-pa nde-re-rambosg.-i mboyv6 ?

re-ra nde-re-fe-hendyva'6-i ra. ko pyhare-vel

Cycle 11

TC THE STUDEIT:

0-h6 hen,dive he goes.. with him..

-0-he ofla-ndiv::: They go with each other

The reciprocal with ndi is formed by adding orlo-ndive after the ver'b for

all persons.

model

JaTha, oflo-ndive hde-gusta ha era. Let's go together at whatevertime you like.

surstitut'on

iide-gusta h Ora. ono-ndiv;: nCe-gusta ha Cra.

he-ho-s vov:4 nte. oilo-ndlve re-hc-s6 nte.

Ja-he, re-ho-se hg.-re.

Ja-n oi:o-ndive oi-me

ThJ


transformation

1. 0-guahe hikugi jeroky hendiv& .7,Ynar6

0-guahe jero'ky ng-ne oEo-ndiv-6 ane n-iharg.

ja-hg hendive re-ho---se vovg nte.Ja-A oHo-ndivg re-ho-sg, vove nte

Pej-1'5. xe-a-ne hendive s-:

ta hendive kc semana-na

Arema Ha-mba.alpo hagug hendivL

Araka' :a nei-kc nendiv.

Hiia x6-ve o-nemon&ta-s6 hendiv6.

rc-ilemongetg hendivg ha 'ii lava.ekup.

hendiv6 kote" giiv '-ti

L/t7

A-je-kuag., (xe-u-n6:

,nce-,-ju-ne)

7 4 *

Pe-je-kuag. (nendo-ju-n)*


:HE ,511:2E:::: You have had the reflexive formed by adding the prefix

is also an optional postoositional phrase which can be added after

:he verb. These optional postpositional phrases are very rarely used. As

a matter of fact, the forms marked by the * are only theoretical,

:hey are so rarely used that most informants confuse them.

F.e=haihS va.era nde-rapixg-pehgixa (nde-ju-p6).

You should love your _eighboras yourself.

TO 2HE

substitution

ndg A-haiha va.era xe-17-apixg-pe a-je-

haihu hgixa (xe-ju-pe).-.

xg Re-haiha va.era ndeitapixg-pe re-je-haihu hgixa (nde-ju-p6).

va.era Lnixg-pe o-je-haihuhgixa (i-ju-pe).

xe-je-hg Ro-Pukg ore-je-he*.

Ja-pukg Hande-je-hg*

Re-pukg nde-je-he Pe-pukg pende7je-hg*

0-pukg i-je-he

STUDENT: The reflexive form of'rehe is the possessive r.1..:s

The forms with the asterisk,*, are theoretical.


model

Ha' g oj-au 6 la chiste pero hate

jev:i nte o-jerg o-pu:kg. i-je-hg.He tells a joke and then is theonly one who laughs at it.(Lit. Turns around and laughsat n'mse7f.)

transformation

ha' e Ha' oj-ap5 la chiste pero ha'gjev:7 nte o-jerg o-pukg i-je-hg.

xe.

nci6

model

:;dg rej-ap6 la chiste Pero ndejev nte re-ere re-Pukg nde-

,s.

Xe aj-ap6 la chiste Pero xe jev-S7nte a-jere a-puke xe-je-he.

Are ma nd-a-pena-i xe-je-hg.Tekotev a-hg. a-jogug xe-a6ra mi.

: quit taking care of myselfouite a while I.-go. I need tobuy me some clothes.

patterned response

T.,fkotev a-hg a-:n gug xe-a6 Are ma ndere-Pena-i nde- -ne:ra mi.

Tekot-eve re-h6 rejogug nde-a6 Are ma nd-a-pena-i xe-je-hg.ra

Tekotev-e o-h6 -o-jogug ij-a6-

ra ml.Are ma nd-o-pena-i i-je-he.


7%D

Morpa re-consegul ra.e pe 2-5

re-reke va nde-je-he?

Where did you get the dressyou have on?

substit_iticn

pe aso

patterned response

cmbre-o

Moo-pa re-consegul ra.e pe a6

re-rek5 va :;Cie-je,h6?

Morpa re-consegui ra.e pe sgi

re-rek6 va nde-,;e-he?

Moo-pa re-cons gui ra.e pe

kaso re-rek5 -a nde -j -h4.

Moo-pa o- cor:segui ra.e pesombrero kapi'i ogue-rekO va

in -aka re.

pe sapatIl.Morpa o-conseguf ra.e pe sapatfl

ogue-rekO va re.

2C. H7.' STUDENT:

i-mandu'g xe-rehg

i-man du'g ojue-he.

He remembers me.

They remember each other.

The reciprocal of rehg for all persons is formed by adding o4ue-he after

. the verb.

model *

Tapig me o-he'e ojue-hg-

oi-k6 vo.

They always go around gossiping

about each other.


substitution

kugra

or6

p eg

transformation

Umi kuHa-karal c- hese.

Umfnovic porn hese.

hermano i-mandu'e. Dora/hese.

Umf mita': Dora hese.

Cycle 13

model)

L //7

Tanig.-nte o-Fle'e" vaf ojue-heof -k6 vo.

TaDi-nte F.a-f-leTe vaf cjue-hejal -ko vo.

Taoig.-nte ro-F-leT&" vaf ojue-heroi-k6 vo.

Tapia -nte pe-He'e va.5. ojue-herei -k6 vo.

Umf'kuHa-karal ojue-he.

Umf nOvio o -mana Dora cjue-he.

lime. hermano i-mandu'e porn ojue-he.

eUmi mita'i o-i-Iangareko Doracjue:=he.

E-moi caserol'e.--pe asuce., harina, Put sugar, flour, and salt inha juL ha e-mbojehe'a-pa cjue-he. bou-1 and mix them together.


asuca, -; caserol-2e asp E, haxina,

ha ha e-mbojehe'-ra: o-jue-he.

Lechui:a, tomate ha aceiga. lechuga, tomate ha-acelga,

ha e-...toehe'a-rA. oju-h6.

ppg ryguasu rub:LT.61, koraty, rye ryguasu rubi'&karaty,.fIar.-":1 na --raboj,,he'a-7:.a clue -ne.

ha .

TS 253 =ENT: The reciprocal of the ,zui is formed by adding ojue-Eelr

after the verb for all Persons.

flas-be ;:esarL:i ojue-hegu.,. Lucas After a long time Luke and Mary

ha Mar"a. forgot each other.

substitution

Lucas ha Mar-1:a.

ZG na Lorenz.:.

Nde ha Romn11

:dg ha X

nas:/-pe nesarg.d ojue-5e gl,;.1 Lucas

ha Mar"a.

nasy7pe gentle -resarL ojue-sewi

nd ha Lorenzo.

)as /-ve ore-re arL. ojue-hegur

x ha as

flas,17-pe ?iande-i7-esargi ojue-heEuf

nde ha xg.


substitution

ore-resargi Are ma ore-resa7a_: hc.6 e ojue-hegui. ,

Are ma ro-key hague oclue-hegui.

f.)-Xyhyj Are ma ro-kyhyje hague ojue-hegu(.

Ndo-roi-kuaa-ve-i mba '

model

,I.r6 ma ndoroi-kuaa-vei haguemba'eve ojue-heguf.

Ro-1 mombyry ro jepe ojue-heguf, Even though we are far apartore-mandu'g ojue-he. we remember each other.

integration

.O-I mombyrfl-

Ore-mandu'g ojue-he.

31-kg agui oje-heguf.0-He'e vaf cjue-h,=.

,model

Ro-i mombyry ro jepe ojue-hegui.,ore-mandu'g ojue-h.

Oi-kg agu: ro jeoe cjue-hegui,ojue-he:

xe-heguf la xe-rosa ha !:.ly rose dried up (on me) and I,a-rregg ,jeoe ko cada dig. eve:. watered it every day.

TO THE STUDENT: fete without an accent is often translated 'even'.

integration

i-piru xe-hegui la xe-rosa. A-rreggcada dig.

xe-heguf la xe-rosa haa-rregg jepe ko cada dig.

A-henoi cu-pe. Nd-o-pena-i A-henOi jepe xu-pe ha hd-o-pena-ixe-rehe. xe-rehe.


translation

1. Even you-came too?2. Ever. if he comes, I won't go.3. Even though he arrived early the store was clOsed.

Even if he heard you, he wouldn't come.5. Even though he called me I didn't go.6. Even if it were possible, he wouldn't come.77--....Even if he begins early he won't finish by tomorrow.8 Even though he brought it, I didn't use it.

CvelP 14

model.

41/.5-

on Pule py'i-nte o-h6 vaparagua-pe.

"Mon Pule suele it a Asunci6n.Don Pule goes to Asuncion a lot.

TO THE STUDENT:

Pe karat. o-ho va.That man that goes.

That man goes a lot.

Va is used for expressing habitual action as well as to form nominals.tipatterned response

.... Don Pule o-ho sapyra-py'ZParagual'-pe.Don Pule PyVi-nte o-h6 va Paraguay -pe.

2. I-menk,o-kariu sapy'a-pyra..

I-menaJpy'Yi-nte 0-ka'd va.

. . .Na Nilda memby ogue -r' sapy'a-py'a yposo gui.

4. Juancito c-t1 sapy'a-py'a. ore-pytyva vo.

5. Juan ha Silvio o-purahei en chi° sapy'a-py'a.


c. sapy'aLpy'a o-nu'a as cuatro rupi.

.2f:c---eyr sapyra-py'a.

Ai-k6 ramc uare ConcenciOri-pe

Jancito miva xeand vo.

When : lived in Concepti6n, .Juancito used to come to visit

me regularly. (Soll'a Venir)

C-h6 va He goes a lot (suele ir).

.

,

C-h6 =1.?..

0-h miva J

He used to go a lot (sol!..e. ir).

Mi wittout an accent means 'used to .or better in Spanish. Used

in this se:se ml usually occurs with va.

substitu.tion

Ai-k6 ramo guar e Concepci6n-be.

A-studi5. ramo guar e Unversidad-pe.

Xe -mita ramo guar.

i-k6 ramo guar6 mboruviO xa ramo.

A-mba.ap5 ramo guar oke=pe.

Xe-.7-as:1 ramo guar.

AitkO,ramo guar 6 ConcepciOn-behale o-d miva xe-and5 vo


.III VA

1. Mba'e-na-rej-anOmiva domino kue?2. Mo3-na re-karla mia rei-kO r3 guare ConcenciOn-ne?3. 0-U va nioloberto nde-visita vo?.'4. Mo3-pa re-huge miva la pelota?5. Mava-ma o-nurahei miva en dUt sany'a-ny'a?o. Mba'e-na he-"1 miva nde-ve nde-ru?7. ava-pa o-U ko clase -;e?8. Mba'e ora-na ria.F.enyrir miva la clase?9, Mba'e-na rej-ap6 mia rei-ko guare Norteamerica-pe?

10. Nde-pa re-ha va misa he-ne cadaodomingo?11. Re-He'e miva7pa karai -Se' nde-roga-ne?12, Re-hE5 va-pa centro-ne? -

13. Marna ne-hiS va,cine h5.71-)e?14. Mba'e-za va pende-roga-ne nej-U mboyve?15.' va ne-kard mboyve?

model

'0ycle 15

Don Porfirio o-naga'i-se, haup6a re nd-a-mba.ano-se-i'hendive.

Don Porfirio auiere nagar porny por eso no auiero trabajarcon el.

TO THE STUDENT: The Guarani 'VERB plus 'i' is best translate by theSpanish 'VERB plus pocc'.


.,:utstitution

3 -Daga

xe-Mtcmta.ap

0-pytu'C:

.7 C .

on Porfirio o-zagaci-se, haups.a re nd-a-mba.amo-se -i

Don Porfirio xe-mbongaru'i-s4, hayea re nd-a-mba.apo-se-i hendive:,

Don Porfirioxe,-mbomba.apo'i-se, hauDea re nd-a-mba.apo-se-ihendive:

Don Porfirio o-Dytu'u'i-s6', haurea re nd-a-mba.apo-se-i he'ndiv6..

jagug.ra'g puppy

jagua'r little dog

With nouns 'i usually refers to size while rat is used only with living

things and is used to indicate youth.

patterned response

0-jogu?_ a.ekue peter zavajutr.. 0-jogug-va.ekue hikugi peter

cavaju raig.

Re- hexes -Pa pe kure'!: of -k6 va hl-na Re- hexes -pa pe kure ra' oi-k4

nrde-korapg-pe. va hIna nde-korapg-pe?-

Aje=pa i-kyra-ite De vaca'1.

Aj.T.-Da i-FlarE5 pe jaguati.

substitution

avati 0-:kakuaa pora-it4pa umr avatlra'g!

ryguasil C-kakuA porn-it4-ta.umi ryguasil ra'f;:!

naranja 0-kakuaa porgy.-it`^pa naranja

ra 1 y.

_Tryra mata 0-kakuaa pork-ite^pa yvyra.

rrita ra'g!

0-kakuag Dora-ite^Da umI k7ire raf-r!


translation

1 Are you taking good care of yourlittle baby chickens?

Re-^a~ :lreko-Dora-pa la nde-ryguasi, ra'y kuera re?

2 His little tomato plants aregrowing well.

0-kakuaa-pora tcmate ralf;.

3. Whose little house is that? :diva

What a pretty little horse thatis.

i- pore- itepa _e cavajut.".1

5. Isn't that a pretty little puppy? A3e-pa i-pore pe jaga

5. Where did you get those baby Moo -pa re-conseoZ ra.e uthrkureDigs? ra'.

model

ko De vaca ra'. That calf is certainly small.'

TO THE STUDENT: mixi is a quality verb meaning 'to be little'.

substitution

vaca ra'r

jagug

Oga

livro

Mixl-ete ko pe vaca.ra':7.

MixI-ete ko pe jagug

Mixi-ete ko pe Oga ra';.

MixI-ete ko De livro ra'.

ncint and ask

Mava-pFl. la mix: ve kOVa-pa tera-Da peva?2. Maya-pa la tuixa vg va, kOva-pa tera-pa peva?3. Mava-pa la ij-yvate-ve va, kOva-pa tera-na peva?

Maya-pa la mbyky-ve va, k6va-pa tera-pa pvci?5. Mava-Da la ipuku-ve va, k6va-Da teraTpa peva?


substitution

model

Cyc'... 16

4;20

Ajepa nix xe-rehg ko traje?Aje-na rixi xe-reng ko camisa?Aje-pa mix: xe-rehg ko sgi?Aje-pa nix xe-rehg ko a6?Aje-pa mixi xe-re hg ko somlon-ro?

-me rae va.Di-me rae va mbate.Of-me tg-ne.Of-me hg hora.

Anyone.Anything.Anywhere,Any time.

TO THE STUDENT: Notice that of-me hg is used in reference to _place and

time while of-mg rae va is used in referen-Oe to alp. else.

patterned response

1. Mba'g-pa ref-potg a-re. nag-- '01-me rae mba'e-nte.

2. Moo-pa rei-pots a-guang? 01-me hg-ne-rte .-

3. Mava-ne-pa rei-potg a-hen51? 01-me rae va-ne-nte.

Mba'g hora-pa rei-ootg a-hgnde-roga-pe?

01-me hg hcra-nte.

). Mba±g-pa rei-potg a-jogugndg-ve?

01-me rae va mba''-nte.

6. Mba'g hora-pa rei-notg r0 -1 01-me hg hora-nte.

nde-pfgrf?Moo-pa rei-potg a-mnI m

Mava-pa-na rei-pots,

chiog?

N

Oi -m hg-re -nte.

Ci-me rae va- pe -nte.

f.i


transformation

Er-g xu-Dg t-o-L2. Ha'g kurl" o-2o gug ne

ha E xg-=e Peter mba'g.3. a-guapS,'

4. a£ -atendg to nde-reh4 ko kalar;11las cuatro.

Er-g.oi-me rah va-2e:e.'6 o -jogu ne hauaxg-ve oi-me rah WF

a-guapY 5g- 2e?

AH-atende ta nde-rehe ko ka'ar5.cf.-me hg .cra.

Cycle. 17

Ja-hg mandi la Banco -2e o-He-,mbot mobyvg Hande-hegui.

let's go to the bank right-nowbefore it closes (on us).

TO THE STUDENT: The particle mandi occurs frequently with imperatives.It implies 'immediate or expedient action'.

Da terned response

1. Nd-ai-kUag-i la Banco-pa o-iie-mbotri- las cuatro tera-ma las tres?

2. Nd-ai -kuag-i la trenTha ta lascuatro tera-na las tres?

3. Nd-ai-kuag-i c-ae-pyra te-pa lacuatrotera-pa las tres:

4. Ndai-kuag-i la camion-Pa o-hasglas cuatro tgra-pa las tres?

5. Nd-ei-kuag-i la clase-pa c-pg. ta71as cuatro tgra-7:a las tres?

Ja-hg mandi o -fe- of mboyveflande-hegu!..

Ja-na nand vg.

ja-hg mandi o-i-ae-rte mbovve.

Ja-hg mandi o7hasg. mboyvg.

ja-hg mandi o-pg mboyve.


Cycle la

ta-nte nd6-ve ko I will give this book to youfree:

::otice that rei is often translated 'free' meaning

ithc-- charge'.

nversion

ta ndi!'-ve ko livro. A-me' e re!: ta-nte nde-ve livro.

ta hd6-ve la xe-tractor. Ai-poruka re5. .a n' ride -ve 1

xe- tractor.

Aj-apC to ij-a6 ra.Ho-mbote ta la guarani.:.v C: ta ko mes k6va.fai-tytyvTo. to xu-ne.

Rs-guap:,- kurl rc-::em ongetg. ro-Ina.

na c-gug rei sapy16: la lus.

We were sitting there talkingand the lights dust went out.(For no apparent reason)

SIT:21\T: In some contexts rel means 'without apparent reason

-gue re].-nte sa7J'a . ..a lus. Ro-guapy kurt ro-nemongeta ro-Ina ha o-gue refisacy'a la lus.

-:. re.-nte sary'a la Ro-guapy kur:. ro-KeT.ongetg. ro-,

-r,---.-.7_,Ina ha o-disPara rel-nte sL1-,1''a

la xe-render.

re_ -nte sapy'ef la dke. Ro-guapy kurl ro-Hemongeta ro-

Ina ha p-fte-mobt3' re!.-nte saty'

la cke.


L-pox:7 Jose.

Xe7nupa

0-sapukgi

model

0 -ho rei ministrocorcue

Ro-guapy kuri ro-Hemongetg ro-Ina ha i-poxY rei sapyose.

Ro-guapY'kuri ro-Remongetr. ro-Ina ha xe-nupa rei

.Ro-guapY kurl ro-fiemongetg ro-'7na ha o-sapukgi re!. sapy't

--]He went Uselessly,tosee theminister because they didn'tattend his._

TO THE STULE:;2: In some contexts re!. means 'uselessly; futilely; withoutaccomplishing one's purpose'.

conversion

A-hg f,=.ndg-pe p:Jro nd-o-i kolyhare-7.

to p c ha'4

p.ro t,r,77-mbg.

pero nd-o- ntend4-i.

W5 per:: nd-o-va_Le marE-re.

xu-pg: tero ha'g nd-oi-kuaa-sg-i mbn'e-v5 Hande.rhegu".

imt6rta-i

. re -:!:-._Caro-pe p-.ro ''

---: .-ende i pen-de-r.'-' 7.4::'72

-0 T--, --n,_..e-livro -3,-ro r.', -:.--Li u

poru mo 'a-i .

re!, hendg-pe porque nd-o-ko pyhare-ve.


Cycle 19

model

Upe ixa r5 manta jai-ko-pg tako ka'arfl..

That is the only way we willfinish this afternoon.(Asi unicamente terminaremosesta tarde.)

TO THE STUDENT: We have no single,word in English whose meaning andfunctions are similar to that of mante. The Spanish 'Unicamente' often

serves as a good translation.

substitution

.

Upe, ixa ro

3a-mba.apo pya.'4 ro

Ja-hg r5

vol r5

:ia-guahe vol r5

Da-Hepyra pya'g r5

Don Luis nande-pytyv5 r5

Don Gonzales oi-puruka r5Randg-ve la i-tractor

Up ixa r5 mante jai-ko-pg tako

Da-mba.ap6 pya'g r5 In:ante jai-ko-pe ta ko ka'aril.

Ja:-hg r8 kotaga-ite mante jai-ko-pg!'ta ko ka'aria.

fia-se vol 16 manta jai-k a ta

ko

ta-guahg voi r8 pantta ko ka'aria.

Na-nepyra.pya'g ro` mante jai-ko-

pg ta ko

Don Luis ei..ncile-pytyvo r8 mante

jai-ko-pg ta ko ka'aria.Don Gonzales oi-purti46 r5 manta

jai-kc-pg ta ko


Cycle 20

model

Hi'aja potg ma ko'a sandlakugra.

TO THE STUD7' o-hO mo'E

o -he pots.

Those watermelons are aboutripe.

He is about to go.

He almost went (but didn't).

verb potg used as the second element in a compound signifies theinent occurrence of theverb.

aDprooiate response

watermelonorangebananacantelopefruitgrapefruit

(teacher holds up pictures .f:)

transformation

1. 0-ky motE ange pyhare.

2. A-ha mota ro-visitg nde-It6ga-peange pyhare.

3. A-h,.= mc'E. Paraguay -pe.

sentence build-up

1. Oi-me-ko a-Me'e-tabs..

P. Oi-me-ko a-me'e-mba potg.

a. Oi-me-ko a-mete-mbg po'La-itexe-rymba ku4ra.

Hi'aja motg ma ko'E sandla.potg ma ko'E. naranja.

Hi'aja pots ma ko'E. pakovg:-Hi'aja potg ma kota mera.

pots ma kota yvg.potg ma kote. greifo.

0-k9' potg ma hina.

A-ha .potg ma a-Ina ro-visitg

nde-rCga-pe.

A-ha potg ma a-Ina Paraguay-pe.

It's that I give away all.

It's that I'm about ready togive away all.

It's,;that I'm just about togilXaway all my animals.

TO THE STUDENT: "o1-me-ko may be translated 'It's that,)that '. (Spanish '.es cue

' or 'It happens

AV,


sentence build-up.

Re-nohe

2. Re-nohe m'ootg.

3. Re-nohe mbotg mba'e?

Re-hohe mbotg mbafg-ikore'-k6 vo?

Re-none mbotg mba'g-iko rei-k6

vo plata?

6. Re-none mbotg mba'e-iko rei-k6

vo plata yvyg4?

4'24

You take it out (lo sacas).

You're about to take it out.

Is it that you're about to take

it cut? (Acaso esters pars sacarlo)

it that you're going around

about to take it out?

Is it that yoU're going around .

about to take out some money?

Is it that you're going around

about to take some treasure from

the. ground?

TO THE STUDENT: mba'g is used much as the Spanish acaso which can be

rendered 'Is it the case that ?' or 'by any chance?'. Other examples

of its use:

E'a, ndg-piko nda-havg-i g rupi

gug mba'6?

'Re-heja mbalg-piko nde-rembi'd

tatg-pP?

3. Re-jogugta mbaYg-pikocoche re?

Rei-pot5.piko ai-porudnd6.-ve-lata mbalg?

NOTE; Observe that mba'g in this sense

in the sentence.

model

Say, you're not by any chance from

around here?

Did you by any chance leave your

food on the fire?

Are you going to buy a car, by

any chance?

By any chance do you want me to

lend you money?

can occur medially or finally

A. Re--..ohe mbatg-iko vo plata yvygu:yr?

B. Nahelniri, of -me-ko a-me'e-mbi pota-itg xe-1-ymba:kUgra.


dialog

A. A-pytu'il-pot'a. ai-kO vo la

xe'-trabajo gui.

B. Re-nohe robot' mbaTe-ikorei-k6 vo platys yvyg4?

A. Nahaniri, oi:me ko a-me'e-mbg.pota-ite xe-rymba. kuera.

B. Cime ne re-me'e hepy poreta hIna?

A. va gui-nte ningo a-me'e-mbg. ta o-F:o-ndive pg.. A

B. Avy'a-ite x-amigo nde-ndive:

I'M going to qUit my work (I'mfed up with it).-

7iDid you find a gold mne or

what?

No, I'm about to sell all ofmy animals.-

Will you be selling (everything)at a good price?

That's why I'm selling every-thing altogether (all at once).

I'm happy for you.

cle 21

model

Ha'4 va.era mo'd kurl xe-ndivg pero i ^-aka-nundd i-ko'evo.

TO

He would have come with me -

but he had a fever when hewoke up.

THE. STU3E::T c-u va.erao-11 mo'a

0-a va.era mote

He should comeHe almost camefHe should have come

He would have come

Notice that va.era mo'a means 'should have' or 'would have'.

substitution-

is-aka -Honda

o-.1 ij-avuelo

o-sorO i-cas5

o-henaiukg. xu-pe.

o-a va.era mo'a kur:::-xe-ndive peroin -ake-nundia i-kove vo.

o-a vaoerd mo'a kurl xe-ndive peroij-avuelo.va.ere mo'a kuri xe-ndive pero

o-sorc5 i-case.

o-a va.ere mo'a kuri: xe-ndive peroo-hen8iukg. xu-pe


ei2

zaradigm

'say;. tel.;

Cycle 22

(negative of vowel-stem verb)

TO THE STUDENT: Note than the 1st ,),_rson singular and 3rd person forms

simply dropthe h.

conversion (change to negative and vice versa)

ha-1e nd-a-'eiha-15 to mcoa-,

ha-'g vary ra e

ha-'4.ne nu a-

he-'T nu e-"i

he-11 ta mc'a-i

vara nd'e-'i varZ-i

he-'1 ne

er- nde-er-e-i

er-e ta nde-er-g mo'a-i

er-e \rata nde-er-g -ara-i

er-e ne nde-er-g-i xene


442 9

di a10

A. Mbate-Ta he-'l ta Carlos?

B. Ha' nd-e-t mo'a-i mba'eve.

approPriate response

Mba'6-pa er-e. ta ride?

2. Mba'e-ipa ha-'6 ta x4?3. Mba'67pa he-'1 ta ha'?'

ETC.

i. Mba'e-pa ha-'e va.era?2. Mba'rpa er-e va.era?3. Mba'4-na va.era?

F

Cycle '23

oaradigm (negative of vowel-stem verb)

r-

(v. tr

nc1ere-' 1i

nda-ja-'d-i

TO THE STUDE:iT: The 1st person singular and 3rd Person forms drop the h.The others are regular.


model

Ha'e nd-e-'1-ri mba'eve. He doesn't say anything.

patterned response

Ha'e nd-e-'5.-nillba'eve. Ha nde?

le nd-a-'4"i mba'eve avel'. Ha xe?

;de nde-er-4-i mba'eve,avei.(Ha pez? Ha ore? ETC.)

aio,

A. Mbale-pa he-' i Carlos?

Hare nd-e-'1:-ri mba'eve.


. Mba'5-pa he-'i Agustin?

2. Mba'e-pa nde er-e?

3. Mbale-pa xe ha-'6?

model

Ha'e nd-d-'1 mo'ri mba'eve. He won't say anything.

patterned response

Ha'e nd-e-'1 mo'a-i mba'eve. Ha_n-Ig?

ice nd-a-'e moia-i mba'eve avel. Ha xe?

..de nde-er-;_i mo'a-i mba'eve avei,

;Ha Ha ore? ETC.).-


Cycle 24

model

rire, rei-kuaa va.eramo'E la-lecciOn.

If you had studied, you wouldhave'known the material.

TO THE STUDENT: To suggest something contrary to what happened in thepast, English uses 'had' or 'would have' plus yhe past participle.. Inthe corresponding contruction in Guarani; rine' is used following the verb.

transformation

Rei-kuaEl va.era mo'E la lecoiOnpero

o-a va.era mo'E kuri xe-ndive'pens in-akE-nundU i-ko'E vo.

6-a va.era mo'a xe-ndive pero o-Uij-avuelo. va.era mo'E. xe-ndive.

Restudig. tire, rei-kuaa va.eramo'E 'la lecciOn.

Nda-in-akE-nundu-i :ire i-ko'Evo o-1.1 va.era mo'E.

Nd-o-U-i tire, ij-avuelo-o-11

0-gusta va.era` mc'E xu-pe la reunionPero nd-o-h6-i.

I-plata heta e'va.era mo'E pesonc. o-mba.apo

Nd-o-mano-i va.era mo'E perona-o-hen6i-ri hikuE la medico-pe.

:ida-hasri va.era mo'E pero ho-'Ukarat c- sandia

0-ic.akua5.

ku.ra

va.era mo , la*ce're rFiangareko-i hese

o-hexa va.erE mo'a perc

A-ha va.era mo'E pero nda-xe-renoi-ri.


Cycle 25

model

To4/.3;4_

Ha'e nd-o-'u mo'a-i mbareve. He won't eat anything.

patternedled

Ha'e nd-o-'a mo'a-i mba'eve.

Xg morg-i mba'eve avel.

Nde nde-re-'11 moig-i mba'eve ave.

ETC.


1. Mbee-pa ta ha'g?

2. Ho-'d ta-pa David-ko china ?

3. Mba'e-pa re-'d ta nd.5 ?

Re-'d ta ko pan ?

5. M' a' la nd-a-'d vara-i.

ETC.

Ha nde ?He xe ?


Jose: Hgke, ho2a peter. mberdLook cut, a fly fell in your food.

Lavid: KO o-i petei mbera. mo'g-i.

There's a fly in this food. I won't eat it.


I. Mgva rembi-'1-me-pa ho-'g peter mberd ?

2. !lba'4-pa he-'1. Jose David-pe ?

3. Ho-'u-se-pa DavidMoa'e-pa ha'g ?


patterns for st,...,dv

La cafe hakdLa cafe akuY takd

aka rakd

The coffee is hotThe hot coffeeThe hot waterHe is enthusiastic

q33

TO THE STUDENT:

Notice that the verb haku has four variants. The 'h' variant is usedwith the third person verb conjugation; the 'a' variant is used in most.situations where the verb translates as an adjective; the 't' variantoccurs with a very limited number of nouns; the 'r1 variant occurs inafew compounds.

E-mboj:.7 tat'. 'Ifiakuete%7 va -pc.

%%.

Cook in an oven that is not very hot

E-moI akcve vogue gri ha e-mol Rut it on banana leaves and puttata-kua aku-cue . it in a hot oven.

3. Tekotev y take yv:;' re. You need to pour hot water onthe ground.

4. An ke pok6 la ;,embi-'d re. Don't to the hot food.

Xe-gusta cafe akd. I like _.pt coffee.

6. !74. a ogue-rek6 kambS;akd hOga-Pe.

model

Mary has fresh (recently milked)milk at home.

ramo kambS- .77.o'yse. porn

va pe eladera gui.I just took some nice coldmilk from the ice box.

patterns for study

Ara l'iakd aje-pa ?1:0'ysg cora h7na.nakuete la kuarah: hIna.Nde-mbyry75.1-pa ?

:a ara rotysd nda-xe-gusta-ieve.

The weather is really hot, isn't itIt is cool.The Sun is really hot.Are you hot ?I'm cold.I don't like cold weather at all.

.136'


mc

Cycle 26

4341

Nd-a-reko-i la plata a-joguahaguL ixa

I don't have the money to

buy rabbits.

example,::

ha;41).g.

hag111'ixa

:;otice that haua alone implies tha the person just

doesn't have money, while hagugixa j4plies that the

person has money, but not enough to buy the rabbit.

to buyenough to buy

:+d-a-reko-i la plata a-ogua haui ixa tapiti.

Na-ni la tiempo a-mba.ap6 hauã ixa tapitf re.

?

la plata a-jogu hagu.s71 ixa tapit.


Re-jogua-s6-pa pete: coche-?

Mca' ixa-pa nde-re-jogu5. mo'ri peteI cavajla ?

Ore-mboriahru ha ro-mba.e.PO

var..

We are poor and we have to

work.


model

A-stimg xe-pytyva I thank you for having helped.me.hagugre. : thank you for helping me.

TO THE STUDENT: Notice that hagugre is composed of two Parts,conjunction hagug and the postpositior. rehe. It is:Iranslated in English both as 'for VERB-ing' and as'for having VER3-ed'.

erned resnonse

xe roi-pytyva.S. A-stimg ndg-ve xE..-7.:ytyva hagugie.7 Ai-porukg ndg-ve xe-tractOr.3. A-stimg ndg-ve rei-porukg hagugre xe-ve la nde-tractOr.T. A-hexukg ixa o-je-japo sopa Paragugya.

7-7model

A-vy'a-itere!: ai-m hagugre ko'g-P.72. I'm very glad to be here.

tatterned response drill

Nd rei-mg ko'g-De.-vy'a-itere ai-m hagugre ko'g-pe.

::;d4 rei-kuag ixu-pe.

ai-kuag haguere.xu-pe.::at ia re-mba.ap5 xe-ndiv.

Avy'a-itereI. ikatja hagugre a-mba.ap6 ne-ndivg.re-atrendg guaranI.

:kat campar:a-7e.


e-Mba.abg var.a.

rol-kotev ro-1.;:ar ra.e.7-ende-kane'Tl-ti:lo

ro-py-tu' ra.e.

Ea mta' repa nde-er-ei ra.ei:u-Pe _a :-egt:e-rek g nagu

bete: re.dnLgn club 4-C pe ?

Didn't you tell him thathad a '4-C Club me..2tLng ?

e le ba nde-er-e-i ra.e xu-pg regue-relt6 hagu pete:reunin-club 4-C ne

Pero ore-mborian ha roi-:..toteve- ro-mba.apC ra.6.

Ai-kua5. ndere-ho-i Lague I know that you didn't i7,0la reunign h5Tbe. the meeting.

--at-:erned resbonse

e nd---h-i la reunionA-kuag. hagu...4 la reunion 1151-be.

Co,-onel Oviedo gui.:;da-fiangareko borri la taibit re.1da-mbobat:Iri la xe-kot:7.


he-ndiv6 no-jogu5-721 His mother is mad at him forhauere la sapat--. not having bought the shoes.

patterned response

T. hd-o-jogug.-i la sapatd.

h -ndive ndo-jogu"ai hagu6re la oapatfi.T. :.17Pate gui-pa he-ndiv6 ?

S. i-pox he-dive nd-o-jogu6.i haguere la sapatfa.

T. e o-miongariri is ryguas5 kuera.Ha'6 nd-ol-typel.-ri la i-kot.

T. Ha' 6 nd-o-flangarek6 porL-i la taDitl re.

nodel

lio-mbyasy-et nde-re-h6THagure We missed you in the meetingla reuni6n ha'-pe up sg.vado. last Saturday.

patterned response

T. Nd-a-hL-i la reunion hg.-pe s'e."vado.S. Fo-mtyazy-et 6 tde-re-h6i ha.,..6o-e la ..-eunic;r.

Xe-hente man:, kurl, nda-pei-kuaLi-pa ?

S. :o-mbyasy-et,5 o-man6 haguere nde-hente.A-na ta pende-hegui.

T. 0-jenu petel" mba!;.7, nde-val va.

I Hosted for free on livelingua.com

Cycle 27

model

:i-ko ro cine, ne :f there is a movie,my father

aver. will come, too.

tatterned resoonse

oi-k6 cine.ro cine, o-u ne xe-ermano aver.

oi-k5 partido.

Ikat (J. oi-k6 je-karia.

2. :katf: ol-k5 jeroky.

model

Ci-k6 ra- cine, o-C1 ne-pa nde-;1:: If there is a movie will your

aver ? father come, too ?

model

pora-v-6 ne xe-ve It would be better for me, if

cambia r(3-la reunion Ora. we changed the meeting time.

.substitution

1. pora-vg me xe-ve Fia-cambig rö la reuni6n Ora.

2.rend.

3.A'ra.


43?

model

0-pytg porazv6 ne-pa ndg-veRa-cambia ro la reunion. 6ra ?

Would it be better for you, ifwe change the meeting time?

model

A -hg, ta pyharekurl rS lareunion.

I will go if the meeting is atnight.

substitution

A-hg ta pyharekug rS la reunion.2.\: sgvadokug3. byharevekug4. ka'arukug

model

Re-h6 ne%a nyharekug rSla ?

Would you go if the meeting'were at night-?

memorize

?CV Buen dig, Juan. -zo-mbyasy-etgnde-re-hO-i haguere la reunion hg-pe upe'

SOCIO A-pyt',1 kuri haguaxe-riz-pe kokue-ne.'

PCV Ha mba'g re-na nde-er-e-i xu-nela regue-rekb hague peter reunionclub 4-C-be?

SOCIO Pero ore-mboriahla haro-mba'anZ varS.

PCV 0-pytg 2ra-vg ne-pa nde-veFia-cambig rt la reunion hora?

SOCIO La ikatua-gradece ta pee-me.

.PCV Re-hE5 ne-pa nyharekue ro lareunion? Ha of -kc5 r6 nine, o-15.-ne pa-nde-ril aver?

SOCIO Nda-tarde-terei-ri ramo.

Hello, John. We missed you inthe meeting last Saturday.

I Stayed to help my father onthe farm.

Why didn't you tell him youhad a 4C Club meeting?

I did, but we're poor and wehave to work.Would it be better for you ifwe chLged the meeting time?If it-can be changed, I wouldappreciate it.Would you go if the meeting wasat night? And if there were a.movie, would your father come too?If it weren't too late.


Cycle 28

model -

A. Rei-kuag ma-pa mava-pa Have you found out who the thief

la monda hg. ? was ,?

B. He. Jose nipo ra.e, Yes, it turned out (to my surprise).

ha aeai-mo'a kuri to be Jose, and I thought it was

Carlos hg. Carlos.

TO 7F7 SmUD7N7:You have learned the use of ra.e in interrogative sentences in the

past tense. Observe that ra.e is used also in declarative sentences.

NOTE its meaning in contrast, to kuri.

Carlos o-i.1 kurl Carlos came(I vouch for the fact)

Carlos o-u ra.e Carlos.came(or so it was reported to me)Cin Spanish: habla sido2

ra.e indicates that the report is given second hand, i.e. the fact

is not attested by the speaker's witness.

2. Observe also that ra.e is frequently linked with the particles

ningo (or niko) and nimbo ( or nipo).

tide nipo ra.e'!So it was you

Ha'e nipo la va ra.e.

Moo nipo o-hO ne ra.e ?

To my surprise it was him that

Came (or so I was told)

Where wo..ad he go ? (I can't

imagine).

The par_icle nipo (or nimbo) often indicates an attitude of surprise in

learning the facts.


dialog

A. Eei-kuag ma-pa Carlos:ague ?

B. Ko'aga ag ai-kuag, haof -ap6 ma nipo ra.eun mes ,ague.

dialog

Did you find out that Carloscame ?

I just found out, and I hear(to my surprise) that he-camea month ago.

A. Pedro he- i _ kuehe Pedro told me yesterday that ano-manO peteI i-ti6, - uncle of h1::: died.

B. Mava niro ne h:na ? Who might it be ?

translation

Quin el que ha venido ?Habia sido que fueron lids. y nosotros

no lo supimos.Me pregunto, donde habia ido.Habia sido cue f Julia.habia sido que fueron los cuevinieron.

Soria, este el lugar pc_ ventura ?sido que fue Pedro y sus

amigos.Babia sdo cue ya se fu6.Habia sido cue lo sabia.

Mava-pa nipo la o-u va.

Pee nipo ra.e ha ore

Moo mbo in o-h6 ra.e.Julia nimboPee hipo la rej-a va.ekug ra.-

A-pe nimbo ne hIna ?Pedro uMia nipo ra.e.

0-116 ma nipo ra.e..

Ci-kuag nipo ra.e.


Cycle 29

model

Haye o-u ra jepe tarde,ta la oficina Ora-De.

.Lf he comes late, we will

op..7,n the office on time.

substitution.

ce'g. ..ria'"6 o-41 rZ jep6 tarde, roi-pea ta la oficina Ora -pe.

mboty Ea'e" c-U ra jepn tarde, ro-mbotY' ta la oficina Ora-pe.

mbopoti" Ha"6 c-i- ra jepe tarde, ro-mbopotT-ta la oficina6ra-pe.

model

0-U ra jep4 tarde, pei-pe5.ta pa la o.,icina tiempo-ce ?

-,en ;, he comes late,you open the office on time 7:


REVIEW STAGE

A. Arakale guive-pa re-I hIna a-pe.B. Julio guive.

A Mama guive mamo peve-pa 4-mbovyTva.era

B.. Ko'g guive eve.

Araka'e pevepa ladoctor-pe:

B. 3-kuera-ite Pev6 la

0-race guive o-mane -eve i-mbolah6..

A-fle-pyre guivea-studiaoeve va xe-ve la plaIla.

D3

A-karu pg ma.A-cena mbg ma.Ai-kuaa pg ma la lecciOn.0-mano mbg guerra hg-pe.Carlos he -'u pg la xe-rembi-'u.A-mbonota mbg ma la i-mandygi.A-17ee pg. vak4 pe livro.Ne'Iraffpa re-I mbg ?

.

i-val pg ma ra.e la h6ga.

A-hexa petei mbOi nde-kakuaa .pg va.I-poti mLbg ma la-nde-platillo.

Pe-ntezde.pg-pa ?Opg vove la ciase a-hg ta.centro-pe.

-he-15 pg la tembi-'5AjapoPg vove-trahe rg ikatu

re-tanteg.'-'Xe a-hekg kurt nde-ru pe opg rupi.K.64 ko mansgna yes hi-ajii-p3 ma.K6a ko kotS; i7Wa

Since when have you been here?SinLc, July.

Fro to where should Iti

-c 'ere to a:st.

How long are you supposed to goto the doctor?

Until my wound is all healed.

From birth to death he is poor

Since I began to study up toright now I have not lacked ms-.1:Ly.

I finished eating dinner.I finished eating supper.I know the lesson completely.They alldied in the war.Carlos ate all my food.I've gathered all his cotton.I read that book through.It isn't ready yet?

It turned out that his house isreally ugly.

Iiisaw a fully grown (huge) snake.Your plate is thoroughly clean

already.Do you-all understand everything?When the class is finished, I will

go downtown.Eat all the food !

When I finish your suit, you cartry it on.

I looked everywhere for it.This apple is already- completely ripe.This room is all dirty.


would\

:-e-guata zya'e'Y- ramo,

xe ne ha'e-te-pe.3-ky rlre, o-11 va. era mo'a ro'y.

rire na'e va.era mo'a

kyve rircmo, hany pora-vc ra.a

manu"6ramo re7juhu ne amo

Hepy. Pe-mtoguey m, ramo xe-ve ajoguata.

ramo, a-me' va.era nde-ve.

furtner sentences for Study

g-pe ?=-6e, of -k6 a -pe

c'-kuaa /Trehe ....,a' eve.

Cada ko',11 nc-juhu escuela-pe.:;d5 rei-kuag pera.ma ixu-re kuera.

Rei-kuag-pa nde pe kara.::-ne ?

7:01a ko'g rupi.

Pb-ha:aro ta a'nga jueves.

peva nda-xe-gustg-i.Xe-perdchg :.a, x-amigo.

nde-ren6-i Gina.te-re-h6, xe re-ja xe-ve

hendie.Mamita, ro-nayha.A-.:a. aro a-Ina xeltembirek6-pe.

Mava-pa nde-ve upea?

I ma ha'e va.ekue-nde-ve...Peva Eai mo'a hete. va.

Pea hd ai mo'a tatanyi.

SeeM

7ai mo'a ::ague xe-kuaira.

xe-ve o-kaEY hague xe-rymba-jagug.7iaimc'a vaixa xe-ve la nde-travaho o-i

va.

to vgixa xe-ve.. Xe-ve yg hi-'a-nte jev ma o-guahe

hIna.

yoU don' go facter, you won't

arrive on time.If it had rained, the cold ,,.-ouLd have

come.If I had known it, I would hG

told you.If it had rained more, the mandiocwould have had better -soots.you want to buy cheese, you will

find it in that grocery store.Thai's expensive. If you'll lower

the price a little for me, I'll buy it.

If I had I'd give it to you.

Is Pe,',-c here ?

Yes, he,'s here.

He goes away without ,learning anything.

Every day I meet you-all irYou know them well now.Do you Lnow that man ?I didn't. think I'd find you here.

-We'll wait for you this Thursday.don't like

Pardon me, m;,- friend.

Your mother is calling you.Go away, go away, leave me with him.

Mom, I love you.am waiting_ for my wife.

Qui6r. to dijo'.-seso ?

I told you that some time ago.,That one seems to know a lot.That one is black as charcoal.'

It seems that my ring got lostI think my dog got lost.fl believe your work is wrong.

i think it will rain.

It just seems to me that he isalready coming back again..


44S-

weather comments

1. 0 -<: to -pa ? Will it rain ? I2. Ikatil ne. It might.3. Este dta nd-oky mola-i. Today it won't rain.

Hi'a.xe-ve o-ky 'jevl ta. It looks like it'll rain again.1fLra hakil hIna. It's hot.

okL--)e hina. It's cold outside../ I'm cold.

Nda-xe-ro'y-iri.Xe-mbyry'6iNda-xe-mbyry'E-ri.Ara pora-Ara sari: pora

bun and selling

A. Asking the price

1. A mboy-pa o-valg la docena ?2. Mbol-pa o-vale kOva ?

Mbo:-pa -jerui4 hese?rrei-potg.

4. Mbol-pa a-mete va.era nde-ve.upeva re5. A mboy re-pa re-vende la mandi.16 ?

B. Haggling (regateando)

1.

J.-

H?ny-ete-paRe-erure heny-v6 x6-ve

nd-o-vale-i mbate-veko nde-hegui tania-ite a-jogug

Mba't1 re-pa nde-re-vende-i xg-ve ?ta 100 guarani hese.

General Information

I'm not cold.I'm hot.I'm not hot.Nice dayClear day

A cug.nto la docena?Cu6nto vale esto?

How much do you want/ask for it?? What she .ld I give you for that?A cugnto vende la mandioca?

Que caro

A mi me pide mas caro.Eso nc vale nada.But I always buy from youFor que no me lo vende?I'll give 100 guaranies for it.

1.

2.

A-jogua-se xe-saco ra pero aniMboyy kilo sevOl-pa 007i

kena mbyky-ete ti

How many kilos of onions are there?3. Roi-koteve mok6i juky vos'el We need two bags of salt.4. Mbate"pa o-fie-vende koJg.-pe ? Que'se vende aqui?5. Re-vende-se-pa A-ye fosforos ? Quiere venderme fOsforos?


memorize -

Xg xe-r.,t,ra Jose Ramirez.

Xe Ouerpc de ?a: -ae 7cluntaric.

A-5; ko'&:-pedos e2-lo ruol, _k at hagua Ixa oo-servi.

xe-veko per.ce-f: hagua..xa

memorize

ete:Itngujaii-pe, ha konor-, ,,aguaret,=

0-porandi: oe

re7pa h

nde-mbaret,gi ;16 ixar:'

Ha la angUali ne-'"

'Pero karat xe ningc

kuri'

memorize

Por primera vez petei guar"

Paragu-pe. 0-f1e-mtelesa vo° op g.

mba'e re pe calle re.

?etei pyhareve o-guatg o-h vo hasapyla xu-pe zeteT jagua

:;d-oi-kuari mba'-pa o_1--_p5 ta, ha

upe ma razao o -jayv' o-hupi ha-gud

pate: its. o-japi hagua la jagu&I.-pe.

Nd-ikatu i o-noh7.2 la empedrado, ha

'Ij-a reve C1 O ko'a

1-araguay gua. la jagua

f.aro gui ha o-HapytT mbg la itg.

';'eug grvaro:'

My name is Joe Ramirez.C.,:r7z- Volunteer.

"I came 7.Lvt with you for

about ..L.ery you.

de::r- war..

to :Lear!' ,your=

th,lt

Once a mouse, and

.roaring, Jaguar asked 7.he

mous,=,.

vnu as big and as

s-%1-,mg

And *..ne mouse said to nim

witnuul fear.

'Fiut Mr. jaguar, you see, :Lebeen ,.;;.ck!'

A Villarriqueho came for thefirst time to 7.:stInciOn. He

looked in wonderment at everythingalong the street.One morning as he was walking alonga mad dog suddenly came after him.

He didn't know what to do,.and thenhe stooped to pick up a stone tothrow at the dog.

Unable to get the cobble stone out,Le said 'These Asuncenos are all

mixed They let mad doge\looseand tie up all the rocks.What nonsPnsP!'


for discussion

Fete!: mites karia'g ogue-rekO va 15afics-pa_ o-mba.ara va. era nditera-pa i-jupg ""-uarE-nte.

r8 pende-apytg-re va 0-mba.aro vs.:erg. ha la'i-tdva ndi,t-o-hup la i -to ha t-e-'5 mbate re-pa.

2. Gracigla petelkufiataI o-fieha'ff.?

va.ekue o-studies hatIE inglgs, of -kOpevg ixu gul profesOra. Ha heta je-ik8 asg rire, o-fte-me'e ixu-p6.petei vekao-h8 ha-gua estados unidos-pe.Ha upe o-falta rupl una sereana o-hO:agues, o -ii o-rang petei in-hermano.:batepa er-g nde? 0-hO we-era-patefa-pa nahEniri?

3.Mok8i o-menda to va -re 'a i-parientekugra oi-kuave'e Oga tera plata, oi-po,,a-ve va-nte. La-kuflatai.tembi-reko rE of -pota la Oga. Nda-upg ixa-ila mena ra, of -mo'E va tuixa-ve mba'eha la plata. Re,-I-pa ndg la kufiatai-ndi ter,,-ra la i-mena rE-ndi?

i4 I-rorE-pa mokeii o-mendi rano va o-h6oik6vo i-suegro kuera-ndi?

6. T.-katu-pa petei mites-karia'g o-rek6ra ]6" afios o-desid! i-jehe oj-ap6

tetel familia?

6. :-.3-a o-fie-mb0716 escuela harun la ava-fiete. ha c-fie-mbo-tuixa-v5 la karal-e'e c-ui?

7 Re-I-mot-a-re. ride i kat i ne hae5-uE pet elmitE-karia'g mboriahu, okara-ygumembyrg, o-guahe of -k6 ixu-gulPresidAnts de la RePl'ablica?

,..

Should a 15 year old boy workfor his father or for himself.

If any of you says he should workfor his father, let him raise hishand and tell why.

Gracigla is a girl who struggled tostudy English until she became ateacher. And after hard livingshe was given grant to go to theU.S. A week before leaving herbrother died. What would you say?Should she go or not?

To two to-be-marrieds their rar-ents offered' a house or money, attheir optio^. The novia wantedthe house: but not the novio, whothought money would be better. Areyou with the novia or the novio?

Is it alright for two newly-wedsto go live with their in- laws?

Can a boy of 16 decide by himselfWhat a family should do?-

Is it gc7)d to teach Guarani inschool and have it superior toSpanish?

Do you think it would be rossiblefor a poor boy from far outsideto become the president of theRepublic?


rans-ormation (change tC the .past)

Na-cambia ro la reunion hora o-pyta pora-ve ne x6-ve.

2. f;a-cambig r.8 la -reunion ;..endg 0-

pyta para-ve ne xe-ve.

Oi-k5 to r5 cine o-d neaver!.

4. 0-jogug rc oe coche of -oorkgne

0-to r Paragugihe o-scrivi nex4-7e.

o. xe-valle rupi o-guahene xe^visitg,

7. ha-'u :co pohii Hana xe^mbonguera

a. ?e -Hoff r5 trigo re-gaha-vg ne.

9. Re-mondor5 umi fiand o-kakuagne la .de-tomate kuera.

translation

tia-cambig rire la reunion ora 0-pyta nora-ve va.era mo'S xe-ve.

1. If you were the director, what would-you do?2. If ne had been there, I would have seen him.3. What would you haVe done had you seen him?4. If he comes we will leave this afternoon.

5. If he were to come we would leave this afternoon.6. If he had come we would have left this afternoon,

7. If I were a doctor I would work hard.8. If you would tell me what you are doing I would help you.

9. What would you do if you had a million dollars?

lj. If I had been there I would have helped them.


R7-INFOR7N7NT STAGE

Comnrension Games

supply the loaical

1-L. Opg gringo c-f va het. David gringo.

For lc tanto:

2. Volunteric o-h6 va guiv14 ParaguL--;.,e i-soguLParagugi-r,.e.

For to tanto:

Juan vc_untario

3. Oringa va guive Paragu5.i-pe Mara peteS gringaLo-u va ,

?or ic tantc:

va guiv guarani' if'..andL Guillermo c-fle'e

For 'o t.nto:

tP ra ?arai-pe ta jaguarete. Foterto o-h6 taParagug.i-De.

For 'c tanto:

Tt o-mend i-torova.

For -.0

figure it ou.t

,Santiago

7 Carlos i-mita-ve Jose gui, ha Jose i-mita-v6 xe-hegui.Yava-pa is i-tuja-v6,-;a:

*. .

Josef sui, ha Josefa gui.?os lc tant0 Jcsef....

3. Faraguli tuixa-v Tjruguali gu.., ha Ecuador gui.Por,lo tanto:


1g xe-plata heta-vg Ramon gui, ha Angel i-blata heta-ve xe-pegui.

lo tante:Ramon....

:okoi elefante i-mbarete-vg -etei gui, he petei jaguaretg i-kangy-vg

elefantegui.'or lo tanto mok3i elefant.,

.atetan kuaa-vg guarani xe-hegui za xg e-ne' e Dora-vg

=edro gui.

er

CULTURAL NOTE

Est zen algunosd.e los tabiles ma's pcpulares hoy en dia en el

::ay. Son h_.:nos d acciones cuya presencia o cuya realizaciOn

ian atraen males o bienaventuranzas. El maestro native puede

scbre esto una interesante charla (en guarani) danclo los detalles

erpretaciones corresbendientes. Ademgs puede citar 0-20S muchos.

s. A'an, los voluntaries deberlan memorizarlos por lo significative

cultura coctumbre del hombre paraguayo.

--re-flena va.era-i mesa ari. (.-oraue o-man3 ne nde-gente.)

va.era-i mesa ( Porque ogue-ru ne miserla.)

kuarahy of -kg jave (Porque o-mano ne nde - gente.)

kugra olla guivg. (porque o-ky ..;-menda hg dig-be.)

Fe-mboEemuna ro paloma nde-;-Oga-pe. (Porque ogue-r' desgracia.)

tytel ro (Porque nde-re-ja nde-c Ica.)

Fe-h2sa r".-3 mek5i o-hO va rupi. (Porque rei-be'a

kugra i-pc'a.)

voto .`..era re-mbovyvy no nde-a6 aja nde-jehe.

nala suerte.)

vierneskue. Porcue nde-rase: domingo kata-ete5..)


10.,

Re-mombo ra (:orque Hande-jgra.) .

Re-sg ra ma nde-e:6, gui ha re-jev.Y. jetty. (Porgue ogue-rti. miseria.)

12. Rei-pokg (Porque la mitt -ra'y

13. Re-r&uapy ra gri. (Porque nde-ate'y.)

14. Re-lee-eterec. r8. ;Nde-tarovg.) k15. "rayc" o-ky jave. (Ho'a re nde-..6ga gri.)

Role Playing

Ndc re-h6 mercado-pe re- ?emu hagua;. h 1-ei-kuag petei camisg au po'i o-vale-haOs 500, pe-o la camisg vende-h., o-hexa vo de grinE,o-ha (turista) o-vende-sende-ve la camisa Os. 1000.

Mba'e-pa er-e ne xu-ne:

(Nota: En este caso el ma. tro puede tomar el lugar del vendedor.)

Making in a Story

LOE eFtu_lant_s se sientan en un c!.rculo. El c..,jeto de este juego es contaruna historia. (La del voluntario C...1!.gula antes de entrar en el P.C.)Cada estudiante ire contando una parte de ella, de ac-e- a su imagina.ion,pero repitiendo antef:-los aue :Los at-0s dijer i. Veamo_ pair ejemplo:

Estudiante 1:Estudiante 2:Estudiante 3:

Estudiante 4:

Cal_ la o -hc mia cine hg-pe.o-hE5 m a cine hg-pe petei kuilatai pore ndi.

Caligula o-h6 mia cine hg-pe Pete : kuHatai pora ndi, haCalgula o-ka'u mia cada domingo.Ca15.gula o-nO mia cine hg-ae petei kuEatai Dora ndi haCaligula o-ka'u mia cada domingo ha -Ter o-hc5 mia misa

Y as sucesivamente segun el nrumero de estudiantes. El maestrc al fin pue_erepetir toda la h'storia 7 hater preguntas. Generalmente la histora saleBien simpatica y puede see aprovechada como excelente oportunidad paraejercitar en el ounto gramatical introducido.


questions `or deliberation

1. Pende-memby-se-piko pee?

2. Mba'e ixa nej-apo nda-pende-memby-i ha"tua?

3. Nde-pa re-mend4 va?

4. ,d4-piko nde-je-zusta hg?

5. Ndg-gusta-pa la kufta Daraguaya? (or kuimba.14)

6. Re-mendg ne-pa petal' paraguaya re?

,Regue-rang ne-pa petel paraguaya norteamerica-De?

8. Mba'e-miko la nde rej-d va rej-ap5 a -pe?

9. Ndg-piko catolico?

10. na'e ndg?

11. Nde-na regue)-rovig la Santo kuera-pe?

12. :idgna regue-rovi5._la Tuna sS;-pe?

13. Rei-me" g-pe re-mba.apo ha,-tue, religi5n-pe?

14. 0-: het-g-pa la catolica norteamerica-De?

15. :Ie-rd-pa oj-a:3?

16. Pee kuera pende-plata hetg, aie-pa?

17. Maera-piko- pej-, ko'g-pe pende-plata het'el-iterel r8?

18. na2rna la ne-prL)fesiOn?

20.

21.

22.

23.

24

25.

Moa'e re-pa nde-r-pytg-4_ nde-rCga regue-rek6 r8 entero mbP'4?

Nde-piko ne-arandd agricultura-pe?

Re-vyvg-pa ko'g Paragugi-pe?

.+^,e-g,usta-piko la tembi'd paragugi-tse gug?

-kuag la sopa paraguaya?

rP experiencia-rte -v nde-hegu

X4 la ai-ko*?.ve va plgta-nte.

. Ha mba.g-pa ndg la xe-mbo'e to va?

gui-ma nd-ogue-rukg ore-;-e plgta?

I Hosted for free on livelingua.com

Don Jose o-mende va. Ha unenembirek6 gui i--ZaVra pkgrao-mender mboyve guare. ,-,rbohapy-ve

va tuixa-be ma, ha o-minda-be ma.Ha py'yi -nte va on Jose laembirek6-pe: "Xe ni o xe-tuna.

ma, ha ko'e ramo-ite -memo me.A-mano he erahi'entemboja'o-pe xefamilia-kuera abyte-beope mba'e xe.mba'ekue va, a-hejg vaxu-pe kuera.Ha upei peteI era-pe ho'g o-manCsapy'e karat Jose. Ha of -kO peteiHe-mboja78 gUasil i-mba'ekue va gui-vere. Pero Don Jose ;embirekE5 o-resolve vo Don Jose ra'yokera-pe mba'eve. Mba'e-ba er-e?0j-ap5 Dora pa une kufia-karat

md-c-me'ri vo mba'eve i-mena ce.Vraokera-ere tera-pa mba'6?

Antonio ha Beatriz o-mena. noteNina. Un mes-nte ma o-falter o-mendehaiva. 0-gogua-pa ma hikuei: lakuaira ha ope mba'e. Ha Ega sevadobyhare of -kO ta hIna centro-be bete:jerok;i Xe a-porandi: mba'e-paer-e ride? i-borrba o-h6 kueraaaC mi-ate la_jArck:;' he-be tera-bakatu-ete.0 o-hO mante va.era bete!0-Eangarek5 va nese kuera?

Juan o-promote va.ekue :j-avuela-peo-ho vo hende-pe haE-s'ud

:e-ndive i-santo era. Ha vy'e-beo-pyte la g.uaigui. Ha o-guahe ube-era oyhare ha o-ho ta javec-guah-e o-C VG tujg hahembirek6 o-.T bo-marandu'y- re xu-pe.

er-rnde? 0-pyte va.era-pao-i:an.zarck6 ;bra lare, .,era-pa o- h5 va. era o-mboira

la ij-avuela-be o-f:e-comprometehague ixa?

Don Jose is married. And by hiswife he has two ligitimate sons.And he also has a natural childfrom before his marriage. Allthree sons are grown and alreadymarried. Frequently Don Josesaid to his wife: "I'm old andtomorrow I may die. The day Idie I want to have divided amongmy family all the things thatwere mine which I give to them."And then one day Don-Jose suddenlyfell. deadl -- And there was adivision of his thfngs. But DonJose's wife resolved not to give1-Jr.1 Jose's natural son anything.What do you say? Did she do rightin not giving anything to herhusband's natural child? Or what:

Antonf,c and Beatriz are about toget married. They lac:: a month.They've bought everything: thering and everything. But thisSaturday there is going to be abig dance in town. I ask what youwould say: Is it good for them togc all alone to the dance, in-stead, should someone necessarilygo to keep watch on them?

John has promised his grandmotherto go see her in order to celebratewith her her saint's da:.. And theelderly lady is habb::. But the daybefore he was to go tnel' came anold fr5 end of his and his wife with

an,..',uncement. W.h,at do you say?Shoup e stay and look after hisfriE7d.:1 good custom, or shouldhe ,go to accompany his grandmotheras he . promised?


CORE STAGE

A. Initial Co=unicationa

A. Xe-ror4.7 roi-kuag hague re.

3. Gracias. Xe aver xe-rory ikatdhague re ja-jo-kuag kuri.

A. Hi'a-rte ikatd ja-jo-toA jevysacy'g-ate.

3. Hee, a-fieha'a to to -up ixa

A. Re-fie'kuag-pa ava-He'e?B. Mixi mi, ha val-val-nte.A. Pero oi-me va.era ningo rei-

kuag hina het mbate.

B. Nahaniri. .La,tekoteve kue-to -nte.

3.

A. Ne-Hermano-pa o-fie'e ingles?

B. 0-neee mixi mi.A. Ha ne-hermana kuera?B. Hate kugra katu o-fiete pore.,

afiete ng pe.

4.

A. Ikatd-pa roi-pytyvo3. Hee, ikatd. Xe ningo a-fie'e-

kuag ingles mante.A. H-.71, roi-pytg.vo-se, pero xe ningo

n-a-entende-i la ne-fiete.

B. Ikatd-IDa re-heka mi-xe-ve petero-fie'e va inglgs?

5.

A. Mbate-iko la Q-1 va?

B. Xe ava-fie'e.

A. Ha mbarg-pe-pa ikatd roi-pytyvo?

B. Ja-hexprIT zero xe nd-ikatd-i

ha-'e nde-ve ava-Heee-me.

6.

A. Nde-pa rei-mo'a nda-hasy-i hg

la guarani?B. Nahamiri.A. Mba'g re-pa rei-mo'd une ixa hg?

B. N-a-entende-i gui.

Encanta4.o de conocerle.

Gracias. Para ml tambign fueun placer conocernos.

Ojalg cudieramos reunirnos otravez.

Si, proc_lrare que as sea.

Sabe hablar guarani?Un poco, mgs o menos.Pero ya debe saber bastante.

No. Solamente lo esencial.

Habla ingigs to hermano)Habla un poco.Y tus hermanas?Elias si aue hablan bien

(de veras).

Puedo ayudarle en algo?Si puede. El problema es aue yo

solamente hablo ingles.Hmm, quisiera ayudarle, pero yo

no entiendo su idioma.Puede buscarme, por favor, al-guienque hale ingles?

Que pasa aqui?Es que yo no hablo guarani.Puedo ayudarle en algo?Sr, pero no pue.do dedirselo en

guarani.

Cree Vd. cue el guarani es facil?

No. No lo creo.Por cue piarisa asi?Poraue no lo entiendo.


7

A. Nd6 are ma-na ko'g-ne?B. 0,1-apO dos mesas aj-d hague.A. Ha nde are taTpa g-pe?B. Nahaniri. Dos al:0s rire a-ha

jevS/- va.era.

Ya tienes mucho tiempo aqui?Hace dos mesas cue vine.Y quedargs mucho tiempo aqui?

Dos a.F.:os despues debo irme,

8

A. Re-studig-na raka'e guarani ecuela-pe? Estudiaste gu,--rani en la escreLB. Nahaniri. Nd-a-studia-i va.ekue. No. No estudie.A. Mba'e re-pa? For cue?B. N-o-fie-mbo'5-i gui va.ekue guarani Porcue no se ha is ensehado gua-la xe- ecuela-De. . rani en mi escuela.

-9A. Are ma-pa rei-kO hague a -pe?B: Nahaniri. Pamo-ite-nteaj-d hagueA. Re-pyte ta-pa navidad pave?B. Nd-ai-kuag-i gueteri.

10

A, Nda-ipori ko mundo-pe hasy-ve va guarani gui.

B. Mbate re-pa er-s?A. Nd-ikatd-i gui a-ntende ni a-He'e.

B. Pero oj-ap6 ningo media Flora -ntere-rietyra hague re- studies.

11

A. rca'e ixa-pa o-je-'e guarani-me'father'?

B. 0-je-'eA. A-ntende ma. Ikatd-na ha-'&

'xe-tdva'?B. Nahaniri. C-je-'e 'xe=rd'.

Hace tiempd qua wives aqui?No, hace noco tiempo que vine.Quedargs hasta la. navidae.?No lo se aun.

No existe en m12, idioma ragsdificii que el :

Por quelo dices?,Porcue no puedo

comprenderlo.Pero hace solar., Nora

que has comenz

COmo se dice 'fa. guarani?

Se dice 'tuva'.Ya entiendo. Pu-L-do decir

'xe-t"..va9?

No. Se (H?e 'xe-rd'.

12A. la ,KaarP.II-me r8? Yaentendes el guarani hablado?

-entendg ma, tero o:i Si, perc hay muchos, cue hablanyademasiadc repico.Ha ma Da ko:::ta? Y ya lo m2E. ahora?Mi:d. mi. Ha:'=-7,4

Ur. 12o0o. AUn cas± no tuedooonversar.

13

A. '-',e-f-le'(."2,-sepa gur.ranr-:

B. :lee,

A.22.--se?

Ai-kotee gui ha xegusta gui.

Qu5eres habiar guarani?Si, quiero ha' lar1U.For lo cuie.res hablar?Poroue 1 o necesito me casta.


14

A. A-Ee'e-kuaa-se ko ava-Heee.

B. Upe ixa r5, re-ilepyru-nte ma va.era

re-Hele.

A. Mba.'6 ixa-pa rei-oots aj-apc5

nd-ai-kuag-i r5 mba'eve.

B. Xg aver nd-ai-kuag-i va.ekue ingles

a a-1".epyra-nte peter jel.

15A. Re-ntende-pa la ha-'5 va.ekue?

B. ,T.C-a-ntE....nde7: pord-i.

A. Rei-pot4-pa nde-ve?

B. Ikatu ra, a-agradece to nde7ve.

16A. XnaT-pa re-studil re-:na?

B.. A-studie a-Ina gue.ranI.

A. Mbate-pa la hasy-v4 va giaranI me?

B. Xe a-lee-kuag, pero lahasty-eterer xeve.

7 7

A. Re-ntend.roa guarani re7f,:t..:ade

e. ..xa ka:.a:t-fleVe7

B. A-entende-ve karai-.-Fie"42.

A. MbL'e re-pa uoeva? Hasy-ve-pa

guaranI?B. icra:.:4niri. Pero xe al-kO va.eku5

Mehicooe seis meses.

18,id -a-ai ai-ko vo.

B. z:-jehil ode-ye?

A. Le gente kuera o-He'e" oyaie-terer.

.Lxa pya'e-ve-nte

.19

A. Y.-ta:1:4 ixa-pa re-e-fiard:i?

3. :kat-pa e_ -e r..!" jev:;? ,

A. Ha -'4 mba'e ixa-pa

3- er-emI .71begue mi-ve?

,z;uaran:

3. pero

A. nde ne-re-aprende

5. X4 a-n.-se: 6ga-pe ko'd"ta.

Quiero aprender a hablar gut.:

Si es asl, solamente debesya a haolar.

C6mo auieres que 10 17aga.si

se nada?Yo tampoco sabra ingles, y yes

lo comence no rags.

Entendiste lo que dije?

No lo entendi bien.Quieres que te lo repit=7.?

Si puedes, to lo agradPe..;:

Que estis estudiando?Estoy esTudiando guaran::Que es lo mss difiil enYo lo se leer, pero el hablar :-

es muy

Entiendes guaranr-o.omodes esoahol?

Entiendo mejor aspsPor cue es eso dificil

el guarani?No, pero yo vivi s meses

undo %riste.

Que te oasa?Las personas demasiado r4-

Si es solamen debes escu-

char rigs rebid°,

COmo te siertes?COmo? Puedt, decirlo otra ,rez?

Digo cOmo te sientes?Puede reoetirlo un poco mar lento?

Hableinos guarani.Hablemos lo, pero no hables

muyablams lentamente, to no

aprender5..s nunca.To quiefb irme a casa ahoy a.


Mba'"6 re-pa ne-re-ne'i ingls-ne?Pee" nd-pei-kotev-i ingl6ssino guarani.is ore -kane'6 ma.

B. Nda-up6 ixa-i. X6 na-xe-kane'riri.a-hendu-se guarani.

22

A.' Ko oficina-be-haimet6 avail& n-o-he'ekuag.-i guarani.

B. P.ero entero-ve va o-studi5. hinako'age, rupi.

A. 7..aorE-it6 va.erE ningo la entero-ve r6 la guarani.

23

A. Ci-kua61-pa ha'e kuera la h6ra?B. Xe-ve ro guarE, nahEniri.A. Ha ndna rei-kuag:--ce?B. corE.

2L

A. Mba'4 ixa o-je-'6 a42,11a guarani-m_?B. Nda-xe-mandu'5.-i mba'e ixa c-je-'e.A.,,Av6.7pa flane-pytyv6?B. 7,a-porandia Pedro-be, .ha'e ikatu

nane pytyvo.

25A. A:aka',5-pa o.41 jev:7 to Pedro?

Ikat'a-pa er-e mi jev?A. Ikat-pa er-e mi x4-ve araka`epa

ta, = drc?B.

ta.

For que nc hablas _ogles?Vds. no necesitan hablar ingles

sino guarani.'

Ya estamos cansados.'.;cp es as:. Yo no estoy cansadc.Yo cuiero escuchar guarani.

En 6sta oficina casinadie hablaguarani.

Pero todos lo estudiandopar anora.

Seria bueno que todos supieranhablar guarani.

Saben ellos su nombre?Creo que no.Vd. 10 sabe?

Lo s6 muy bi6n.

COmo se dice 'agua' en guarani?recuerdo coma se dice.

C,uien puede ayudarnosi

Preguntemos a Pedro, el puedeayudarnos.

Cug.ndo volverg. Pedro?lo escuche. Puede repetirlo?

Puede decirme cug.ndo vendra Pedro?.

entiendo.


(Travel and Getting Directions)

A. Moo-pa oi-me la xe-vosg?B. Na 5-De hina.A. Ha'la xe-portafolio?B. Na amc hina.

2

A. Regue-rekC ma-pa la nde-valiha kuera?

B. Pete! va a-rekO xe-ndive.A. Ha morpa of -me` la otra kuera?

B. vi=tae ueteri ;1yepg-pe.

3

A. Ikatil-pa xe-pyttYrvo ma"?

B. A-1 ne-Orden-pe x-amigo.A. A-hu-se. ningo ?araguag-pe.B. Am6 esquina-pe re-jagarra va.era

la camiOn.

4

A. Mba'P nora-ite-pa o-se la tren?

B. Aga dies mihut6-pe.A. Mborpa o-se Encarnar:iOn-Deve?B. 0-hupytY. 500 guarani

5

A. Mboy-pa o-hupyty petal Dasahe

Villarrica-pe?3. 0-se 600 guarani ida y vuelta.A. Mba'e hora-pa o-se otro micro?B. 0-se la seis.

0

A. Mbol-pa o-vale la pasaje?B. Siete guarani.A. A-mela va.era-pa ndeve 1.e. plata?

B. Nahaniri. E-mete guarda-pe.

7A. 0-hO-pako-car-iOn.centro-pe?B. Bee. Moo-pa re-ho-se?A. A-;:a ,sg hotel Yguasd-pe.B. Re-ho oora hina kOva-De uncixaro.

8A. Ko'5.-pe-pa la a-gueg va. era?

B. Nahaniri. Aga otro o-oarL"-pe.

A. Ikatil-pa a-jagarri. upe-pe Detei

taxi?

3. H.ge. Up'e-pe-t6-voro-pytg petal

parada

DOrade ester mi bolsa?

Aqui ester.

Y mi portafolio?Alit ester.

Ya tienes todas tus valijas?Tango conmigo una de ellas.

donde estiin las otras?

Estg.n aun adentro.

Puede ayudarme?A sus Ordenes, mi amigo.Quiero irme a AsunciOn.En aquella esquina debes tomar

el omnibus.

A que' hora parte el tren?Dentro de diez minutos.Cugnto cuesta hasta EncarnaciOn?Alcanza 500 guaranies.

Cugnto cuesta un pasaje hasta

Viliarrica?Sale 600 guaranies ida y vuelta.

A cue hora sale otro micro?Sale a las seis.

Cugnto cuesta el pasaje?

3iete guaranies.Debos-larie a Ud. el dinero?

No, deselo al guarda.

Va este omnibus al centro?Si, donde cuiere ir?Quiero ir al Hotel Iguasu.Si es as, Ud. va bien.

Es aqui donde debo bajarme?is Proxima z cue pare.

Puedo tomar aili un taxi?

Si, mismo hay ..:na parada de

taxi.


(Travel and Gettina Directions)

9

A. Mor,ca re41C reina?B. Hotel -De.

A. Re-h6 to -Da IrPrlOn-pe tera taxi-pe.B. A lc mejor taxi-pe,

a-conseguS. petei.

Ad6nde vas?Al ilotel.

:Eras en omnibus c taxi?Pcsiblemente en taxi, si puedoencontrar ::no.

10

A. 1,-jara ma-pa kc taxi? era tiene ti ..e-.:71b este taxi?3. :;ahaniri.. Moo -Oa re-ho-se? Na. AdCnde cuiere ir?A. A-ha-se consuiadc americano-pe. Quiero it aF1 consuladc americano.B. 0-I ma, Xe ai-kuaa porn morpa o-pyta. Mu:%, bien. Yo se bier donde est6.

A. :.11:24-pa o-hupytl?

B. :;oventa guarani'.A. a-pe, ha e-Hongatu ne-ma' era

la vuelto.3 acias

Cuanto alcanza?::oventa guaranies.

Sgrvase y guardese el vuelto.

,raclas.

12A. 0-k:;.r. hata-ve Anora llueve mas fuerte.B. ja-jagarra_va.era mc'a petei taxi. Deber!..amos tcmar un taxi.A. AHte :ienes rasCn.B. Ko'ae.. ja-hexa lkat Tha ja-juhu peter . Ahcra veanos ci podemos encontrar

uno.

A. M-ba'e Nora-ite-pe-pa la .r-n?3. 4.:Za dies minutc-pe.

A. Ikatil to -pa a-karu'l mi jepe?B. Xe-ve tl,ara nahan4ri.

A :lie hora parte:el-tren?

::entro de d'esMrutos.Puede canerCreo cue no,./

A. Y.00-pa re- J t3pEl va. era la ^.e-a:migo 6nde debes enco-ritrarte con tuskuera :di? amigos?A-jo-tope va:era ne-ndiv

1...bemoz --,ncontrarnos en c .7Laeropuerto---

A. Araka'e-tepa o-tuahe to hikuaiB. Ne':ra gueter-i ai-kuaa.

15

A. Araka'e-pa re- o-tool va.er1ne-amiwo f_uera ndi??.o-jo-topa kc'rn ny:

ochc.A. ,1-ssa1:5 o-L.

r,,,p1-

aercpuerto.Cugndo ileg,arg.n?

lo

E.20t.L. _n end.:Por avir)n.


A. Morpa ikatd a-juhd'peteI hotel porako pueblo-pe:

B. Hotel Florida i-poraA. Nombyr,-pa a gui?

Nahaniri. Re-guata va.era a -pederecho cuatro cuadra.

17

Morca pe-I pe-Ina?B. Peter hotel np-pora!va-pe.

ixa-pa here la hotel?. Hotel Plaza.

A. :boy-ca tende-are ta ko'a#-ma?1. ire -are ta ouince dig rupi.A. 'e -pytg ta?B. ta peter hotel-ne centro-ne. En un hotel del centro.

DOnde puedo encontrar un buen hotelen este pueblo?El hotel Florida es bueno.Estg lejos de aqui?

Debes_aaminar aqui derechocuatro cl:adras.

D6nde estgn quedando?En un buen hotel.Ob.:no se llama el hotel?Hotel Plaza.

Cugnto tiempo se quedanbin aqui?Quince dias mgs o menos.Y dOnde estaran?

9

A. Tkatdp--. er-e mE xg-arc morpao-cytg ceteI hotel?

B. O-I Pete; calle Colon-De.A. oo-pa uneva?

., -r to alt.-Ova amp calle derecho.

20

A. Ikatd-pa er-e mE xe-ve morpao-pytg peteE hotel?

B. 0-I cetei una cuadra ko'g gui.A. 0-pytg-ma ko'g goto 'Ara a.-no gotoB. Kola goto. Derecho ko'g re -E hg gui.

21

A. A- ha-se Hotel Paragugi-ce.B. Re-rek6-pa peter mapa?A. .1-je, a-eked.

,ice hotel o-pytg ko''g-ne

k5va esquina-pe.

22

A. Buen dig. A -kaf ningo a-Ina.xe-pityv mr?

B. Moo-pa rei-ko'?A. Ai-k6 Hotel Yguasd-pe.

Puede decirme donde aueda unhotel?

Hay uno en la calle Colon.D6nda estg eso?En aquella calle derecho.

Puede decirme dOnde queda unhotel?

Hay uno a una cuadra de aqui.Est hacia alli o allg?Hacia allg. Derecho aqui desde donde

estg Vd.

Quiero it al Hotel Paraguay.Tiene un mapa?Si tengo.Ese hotel queda aqui en esta

esquina.

BuenL,. dias. Estoy Perdido...yudar me?

D6:

Vivo el Hotel Iguasd.

23

A. Yorca o-_y tg Aerolineas Argentina? Dnde estg Aerdlinor-s Arge-tina?3. O-t-:ta amp` Plaza indecendencia ykg re. Queda cerca de la Plaza Independencia.

Mombyry-pa kola gui? Estg lejos de aqui?-B. 0-pyt.g. un ki_57.ctro rupi, hi'a xg-ve. Queda con un kilometro, creo.


A. Moo-pa o-nyt1 correo?B. Tres cuadra ko'1 guiA. Mr'a-ite?

B. Tres cuadra 1-pe derecho.

25

A. Mod-pa o-2yt1aeropuerto?'B. Amo kuarahy-rese goto.A. Mba'e tap'e-pa la i-para-ve va

a-guahe hagua?3. Te-re-ho"Avenida Mariscal Lopez

derecho.

26

A. Mba'e calie-pe-pa o-cyt1 mercado 4?3. X ndai-kua1-i.A. Mba'6 ixa-pa ikat& amjuhin3. Mba'6 re-giro ne-re-porandia-i

Bete: colirce?

27

A. 2o3 -ca ge=e: te16.fonove va ko'1 gui

B. 0-1 petel" ama alma:en -pe.

A. Ama i-muralla sa'yj5 va-pe-ca:3. See, upe-pe-e.

28

A. M-oa'6-na rei-cot1ZB. Ikat::.-a xe-nytyva"m:A. 3'1, mba'6-ta la o-i" va?

'3. 7Zba'e ins -ta a-guahe kOvako direcci6n-pe?

A. Ah, since l-amente, nd i -%

x-amigo:

29

a-guahe k6vakc cl4r

Ikat:1 re- agarrgl T.etai taxi.

ko'1-te. ika-L(1

re -no hasya i-torsi.

A. 7a-1a la tac o-h6 va correo-p,_:?

2:ahan'r'. vaiA. Y.cO runica var. entonceB. Pe goto, seis cuadra runi.

DOnde Geed.: el correo?

Tres cuadra e aaulD6nde mismo?Tres cuadras derecho.

DOnde queda el aerocuerto?Hacia el este.

Cu5les el mejor camino parallegar a:11?

Vaya la Avenida Mariscal Lopezderecho.

clue ca.:Lie est", el mercado 4?-Yo no lo

COmo nuedo encontrarlo?For cu'e no pregunta a un policia?

sonde cuena el teleran° mascercano.

Hay uno en acuel almacen.En acuelia de muralla amarilla.Si, alli.

Q:ue desea

Puede ayudarmeTSi, cu1 pasts?

_ Cmo cuedo llegar a esta direcci6r?

Sinceramente no :3 se, mi

06mo r=edo lle,-.7ar a eats

Puede tcmar -nAciu f no hay. Que. puedo pacer?

Puede ir en micro, aunque es un nocoma: encontraria.

L Tae va al carryendo

Por d',17%de pues debo ir?

For alli, come seis cuadra.


A. Mo3-pa o-pyt6: Cuerpo de a: oficina?:

E. 3-pytg. calle espaHa halmetg Brazil-pcA-agradecg nd(-ve, karal

J. peri mba7e repa.

A. 7kotr'-ta Pr-e m xg-ve morta

o-tytg. tuerto.e. e-nexg.-pa am 3 tupao amo

cane yv:7 goto?nd-a-hexa mo'a-i

ij-y-vate-te.va.pev(ir, e-ere nde-as' ":

get°, na a-guatg 10 cuadra.

A. Moo-pa o-pyt.6.' micro 33 para?

E. 1...-ere pe esquina-ne ha e-guatgatreche 5 cuadra.

. -r-P jev-r-

DOnde queda la oficina del Cuerpode Paz?

. En la calle Espafia, casi Brazil.

seFlor.

No tiene.porque.

Puede decirme dOnde est6.- el puerto?

S. '.es aquella capilla calla abalo?

C:Smo no, s' es tan alta.

Vaya hasta aI1, doble a la iz-cuierda y canine 10 cuadras.

DOnde ester la parada del micro 33?

-2oble esa esquina y.caminederechc. 5 cuadras.

r-uede rPt`.rmeic?Con MU2bC.

A. ixa pa ikatil a-Z-.dahe centro-te? C.7me puedo liegar al centro?

cc esquina-b.-.te-,e1 Tem en esquina un micro.

A. e-k_,arta mba'g linea pa a-jagar- 6a be joe oa ebo tomar?

23

A. ,,d6 ml

E. ,:baye-r,-,e-oa ikat(1 ro-servr, karal?

A. :r-e ml xe-ve meOta o-pyte.C'enda Natole6n.

ruta arc.

one la

ven acui.En que puedo servirle, seFlor?'

un poco dOnde est. laTienda Napoleon.

Est.6: sobre la carretera.

A. F.e-h6 ta-ta la eena hg-pe? Iris .a la recetci5n?

E. A-hg. ta. _Lre.

A. ta-pa acre' nT-rembi-relk6? Ir tamblen to esposa?

Ha 'r hlna. Ella no irg. Estg algo enferma.

A. 7.-n5 kt.ri centro-re la does ruoi. Ye fu i al centro man a means a las 12.

3. 'nE. xr n'ngo a-I ave'r kuri hlna upe-pe Yo tambign estaba alll y no

'.a ndo-roThexai. te vi.

. X.T7 kuri hiia yo velvl cr que a la 1.

La una'r,.ipi.

ixa ml ra.e. Si es as.T.,, nos hemos desencontrado

cc coon


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ro


ci

c-ne-mtc0;7 la :.or a iendas

B. Fe la seis A las o casi o.as ef-_LT1 cerradas.ma o-?.e-s.: 0y.

A. f:ane-= neoa Eue-,eri Zendramos 0:1.em00 ar. r,ara ir decom0ras':

La Anore sonramo.

ra.e re-In mercado?

..e,

2omo en P,ettirr,ssi.A. cosris 1:uenas?

. ;.-:f 7f,

A. Za

t...=2 ma c-,;en'7;

rV


A. 2,;?i-a-ba o,;-zno-ne 'a hemb-at6?xe-ve naaaniri gueteri.

A. Ha ha'e kuera -ma of -mo'a aandejaj-apo-^a ta he. terminaremos?

3. M'ca'e Ojala cue no/

lodavi.a nc terminado s

Crec cue no todavia.ellos creen cue nosotros lo

35

A. Ha'e kuera na-he_bi-ano-dt mo'a-i,

ter() aarde . . .

3. Xe hete ta rembi-apora, xe-

hermano nahaniri.

A. nd-ikatu mo'.1-i ja-he, Pero

ha'e kuera i katu ta.

36

A. La xe-amigo kuera n-o-mha.ap6

B. Ha nde?A. Xe 'sat' l a-mba.ap6

3. Xe nahaniri. Xe-ve nda-xe-guste-i

la travajo.

q7

A. Mba'ep oj-an6 hina hikuei?

3. Moo-pa jai-kuaa-ne ta?A. Araka'e-pa oj-apo-ne ta?B. Nd-ai-kuaei-ete.

(O'oing and Making Things -- Earning)

33. Ko',"e'ro a-mba.ap6 ta.

39. efekoteve Eande- ;ron-pe ja-'6

t-o-paga-ve mbL.6 Hande-ve.

O. Ko'ero ngo ja-trose nora mba'e

va.era mo'a ja-rekupera hauajev:- la este die Ha-fiamba'apo'Y

va.ekue.

41. -ien guarani ngo a-me' "e: nde-re kurl.

42. No, mba'e ngo xe-ve.

43. Xe katu ko no-ro-mbotav:7-i.

Ellos no estaren muy ocupa7.os,

zero nosotros . . .

Yo tendre mucho cue racer,mi her nano no.

Nosotros no podremos ir, percellos si podren.

Mis amigos no trabajan duramenc

Y Vd.?Yo i trabajo duramente.Yo no. A mi no me gusta el

trabajo.

sue esten haciendo?Quien sabe?Ouendo lo terminarb.?No lo se de ninguna -anera.

Maria, trabajarem...., mucho.

Tenes cue dec:rle a nuestropatrct. cue nos p-_zue mes.

vamos a cortar Bien vararecucerar otra vez, siend-

este dia no trabajamos..

Cien guaranies le di a Ud.No, cue no me diste a mi.Listen I wouldn't deceive you.


'Asracultc.xe)

:on Julian o-h6 o-ka'api voi-kokue-pe.Kueh.e. akog xe-korapS7.

3. Tekoteve a-mbopoti De xe-takuare'e

kumand6..

:as 6 cre-lechema ramby-pe.

XL-mtlna opa ixagu5.

Pe ca:.aj:. ptIva7

Het,ma a-F.o: y- La avatc_ ha

nda-hoky-i xe-ve.iToe a-jogua ta

xe-aradorL,.

A vende-s.:.: ai-k6 vc.Are ma sogue

Nd-c-ky-i kolerota in xe-jetyt:-.

13. Ko'ero a-ha ,:aer,a7

takuare'e.7 Hi'a nte

tre-adito

l5. La yvf", ndain-a%-ono va

16. ta ma tractr-pela Flande-koku.Tekoteve ja-estud15. laagroncm5.a.

lt. ..J-apo canuieta a-rreRahagua xe-kokug.

ncky7ug. yvL

CV. ta xe-r0ga-oe petel

71.

77.A-aj.a.nbre-s .g1 ko xe-korapy.

Kavarg ho'u-'pg. la Hotfr va guave

1-i,-t'd-'tPrP.I la tui,j]. xe-koku4-De.

2L. Het-J:2. ta nda la greifo ko'aa.

2). Eet.: tractor f-kcteve koParagug.i-re.

on Julian va a su chacra a cartir.

Ayer cort6 pastc con el macht:teen at patioE7 nece:ar.o Cuca2.averal.

Este a:210 roroto.::uestra le-hero tien agusanadaLa nalga.

Psptso sac:. ordEar tcdo tipode vaca.7.sP cba71c cc eloz.

ucho ya he temrado y nocrece.Cuandc cobr comprare un arado.

coAganas de yen: mar- cca.iace -/mro ).lue no c.._:L;.ivo a

L e a mi pc)brpz.

Si llueve manana'se me secar6'.

:!.anna Leo: ir a ccsechar c,c3.. dea.zucar.

Es mi deseo conseguir cl.dito parac!,12t'var. (sembror)La t'erra sin abono 7a no tier..2valor.Ahcra ya araremcs connuestras granjas.Es neceoario que eotudiemcs la

Sago ur.a canaleta para rear mi.sembradio.Acu.c: crece srien todo pipo de

fruta.

Pondre en at casa'una erduleria.

1. 4

Quiero alambrar ml patio.La cabra come todo lo que planto.say d-.:masiado la ngostas en mlchacra.Dicen que costar. bastantes losfrutot del comelo aho-a.Ylucnos tractr)r-,.s se :.ita trParaguay.


26. C-cti rosJ.- i-jar(f.rn-ce.

27. ma naranja

2e.

29.

la ore-mandilo

oreBara'-ft14: isy o-jogua. la

i-kok, fa.

la av-.1c nd-ikatu mo'a-i

</go

Plata rosas en su jardin.

Ya hatenido mucho fruto este

naranjc.Se secan nuestra mandiocas por

no ilueve ma's.

Bien barato comprO papa su

chacra.Es caro el abono, no podremos

comprar.


YHoate anA ::oh-F.outioe Activitles

A. MI:e.'e horaaa ad e re-u?3. La siete y media rupi.A. hora-pa u-fle-mo'," la

rambosa Eua ndt-roga-ne?3. Katu-ete con° run.

A ou'e: nora se levanta Vd.?

A las siete y media, ms o menos.A cu hora estg: listo el desayunoen su casa?

Siem;re a las °oho, mgis o menos.

A. 'a'e-oa rej-a6 ei ka'arukur>? Z,u6 sueles hazer or las tardes?B. A-studig. tera a-le. Lstud'tA. Ha mba';:'-pa sem=na-na h'1; ruo'? Y aes de ,,-mna?3. A-hug. 0i-me rae va mbale ha a-s ;,-. et::egn cualcuier deporte y voy aa-,Land'a xe-amigo kugra7ne. visitar a min amigos.

A. re-hexa televisi6n?B.Sapy'ama m: oyhal.kug: jepi.

A. An pyhar,?na re-nex.g. ra.e?3. Hee, h..a i-pcl-angue-tE: ave.. Ha

Fero haMtemata ku;'±ra gui.

A. ..d,g-pa re;:eni L.arlio?3. Het, haimete cad a pyharg, a-hend.A. 2,722'..">-ta aa re-h4ndU-. -2 va?

comaco la

conlunt0 oi-kg va la

A. h0ra-pa re-karu ra.e dig?3. A-karia kuri la dace rupi.A. Ha mcna re-karl.B. oE,a-r,e-nt.

Vi. ..t2.rludo Ia televisiOn?

:2e ye: en ,:aanozor la nocheacont='-'ro mirarla.

d- Vci 9

Fero can: no nudemiraria it lc::

Ar'on:umra a rao?aca nos-.

cu es in cue mg..o le Eusta oir

Al c6micn: cue entra a Las ocho y urn7=2,untc munical a las nve.

A cu6 hora:nmiste hay?Coin corn° a las doce.

don,=t comiste?

En casa no rags.

A. ne-vy'gL-pa ra.e kuene Ia Se cavirtl a-er. en el baile?eroky hg.-;e"

E. Hetg. ra-vy'g. 7.;os divertimos muchL3amo.A. Fiesta np-norl va, anet imue una hermosa fiesta en realidad.

. iekoteve ,ague-reka jev:, otra De Es necesario out volvamos a tenerko'eramo-it. otra as, pronto.

A. F'.e-mba.ap'.-pa ra.e

ange pyhar?B. Hee, a-johei tembi-puria sa

Oga.A. Ha mba76-pa -ar,o-vuYiB. A-hend'I radio nav'a mI.

'7;

Tranal, en nu

(17:: hizo

por mom.2nto.


A. Moapa pe-h6 ra.e?B. Po-ho petele y rembe'g va-pe.

A. Pe-ytg hetgpa ra.e?B. Hee, pero 171embety-te mI rupi-nte.

A dc5nc:,e fueron?

Fudmos a una hermosa playa.Nadaron mucho?

pero por la orillita, no mga.

Moo"-na re-.0 ra.e re-kari;. rice? DOnde fuiste despues de comer?

. A-b.g kuri mercado-ne. Fu:": al mercado.

A. Moa-ite gug mercado-pe-ba re-h6 ra.e? A cugl de los mercados fuiste?

E. ercado cuatro-ne. Al mercado 4.

10A. Mba'g-pa rej-ap6 ra.e an byharg?

B.A-hexg televisi6n.A. :,10Z-Da re-hexg ra.e?

B. Xe-vecino r5ga-pe.

A. Rc-h6 kuri cine hg-be kuehembug

oyhargB. Mba'g-pa pe-hexg ra.e?A. PeteI pelT.cula indio kugz-c. rehegug.

B. gueteri--iko la

pe ixa gug meme?

12

A. Xorpa re-I ra.e hina?B. A-I kuri hlna cine hg-ne.A. Mba'g-pa re -hexes ra.e?

B. ?etei pel!_cula italiana monda hg

rehegua.

,%14 h;zo Vd. anoche?

,_re la television.sonde la mir6?En la casa de mi vecino.

Ante anoche fuimos al cine.

vieron?Una bellcula score indios.Aun no les han c,:_lsado las mismas

bel!:culas siempre?

DOnde estuviste?Estuve en el cine.

cue viste?Una oelicula italiana de ladrones.

A. Ja-hexa na televiSiOn saDy'a mI. Miremos la televi:dOn unos momentos.

B. C-I ma, pero e-ha'ara jaj-abo-bg Estes bign, mess espera que terminenos

rae la Hande-rembi-apO. nuestro trabajo.

A. An na jaj-ap5 mba'evg No hagamos nada ahora mismo.

B. Xe-ve ra guarE ndg mi re-Ina. Creo que eres bastante perezozo.

1.4

A. Ja-ha cine na -pe ko pyharg. Vamos al cine esta noche.

3. 0-I ma. Na-xe-rembi.4apord hlna Estes bign. No tengo nada cue hacer

ko'Ega. ahora.

A. :lba'g-pa re-hexa-se? Que cuieres ver?

B. Na-maHa pe diario-pe m'na.94-pa Veamos que dice el peri6dico.

tj


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ma kb _ecci6n.

E. Ha pei-kuaa-pg ma-pa be kuehe guar-6?

A. Ne'lra gueteri. I-Duku-eterei.

E. Ko'ro al-potg pei-kuaa-pg

4v1

Aosotros ya hemos aprendido esta

Lecci6n.Y ya aprendieron la de ayer?

Aln no. Es muyPara maHana ouiero lo sepan todo.

nd-a-nexg-i tzueteri upe pelicula. Yo cAn no ne visto esa pelicula.

3. F.e-hex. va.era. -)eb.r.s

A-ng. ta a-nex-g. '_o'er:. Ire verla manana.

I-pora ne-re-mbyasy mo'a-i. tueno, no to arrepentirs.

A. Avg. _- re-ha ta la jeroky h-g-pe?

3. A- hg. ta :aria Ha"6 oi-kuaa

mc,rba o-pytg.

A. Pero Maria ningo n-o-mboguata-kuaa-i

coche.3. Ha'g x-6-ve o-apren16

ra.mo hagu.-6.

A. MoZ-T,a re-topg a livro?. Ai-or-

A. _ -tic: a- repa c-':e' e-?

3. re.

27.

A. ::7uane tarde ta la reuni5n

3. Mba'e hora-pa b-Hepyra ta?

A. :;-falta minuto c-Hepyr'aHa-guahe ta hora-itg-fe.

-on'culen irgs al baile?

ire. con Maria. sabe donde

queda.Pero :.!aria no sabe mane jar coche.

me i o cue acabaoa de

D6nde cOnsecuiste estos libros?Los prestg de CO::za:1,.>7.

Es buer.o?

De muchas

-legaremos :--ar'i a la reunion.

, I:cra cumenzarg?Para comen7ar.

No to prencupes, llegaremos justo

a tielapo.

28

A. Re-leg-pa hina ko revista?. Estgs leyendo esta revista?

3. :.Le, a-le-6 hina, Pero a-lee-pa pot ma. SI, 10 estoy leyendo, Pero ya lo/

estoy por terminar;

A. pa, 4-Ara-pa tal, es bue.:.o?

3. X.6-ve xegust. A ml me gusta.

29A. 3-'.1 ta-pa Maria 1 u baile hg-pe?

E. Hee, Pero c-Hepyra rire.A. 0-.1 ta-pa i-chic0 ndi?

E. Nahaniri, ta ha'e aBo.

Vends Maria al baile?`Si, peso despues cue haya comenzado.Vendrg con su novio?

No, vendrg. sofa.


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_beta mesa c.,:atro-be Euara. eremo una mesa bara cuatro.

3. AMC- ventan_ yke re o-1 net i-Nora va. Alla cer:a de la -.-entana hay

buena.Podemcs saber cuales son las cosas

cue tienen?Al rctto, senor.

A. Dkatla-pa ro-kua.a tiba'*e' mba'e-aa la

segue-rekO va?

B. En seguida,

3

A. 0- pasopa Paraguaya?B. Hoaga-ite nahaniri. Pero

rogue-reko chipa sovo Dora va.

A. Nd-aibotg-i.

10

Maa'e 7. re-je-servi ta, ka-a?3. ,2,4"a mig, a-maraea mi rae ta.A. Ks'a-ga rogue-rek5 pirg avei.B. ixa

Hay sora Paraguaya?Ahora mismo no. Pero tenemcschiba so'o bien caliente.No lo auiero.

Que se servirl,, senor?

: :as tarde, mirarg orimes-o.Ahora tambien senemos pescado.De qu5 tipo?

A. A-!e-servi-se mo ne-canes rd uisiera serirme un Doco de su

A-be nc-ro-vende-i _a a, karaT.. Aqui no vendemos cana, senor.

A. Ha a.,,naue sea vino-biko, nda-pe-rek6-i? Aunque sea vino no tienen?

3. :- karai. Mbof -aa r.>i-notg? Tenemcs, senor. Cugnto lo auiere?

A. ._ova KO bar nembi-',:i hg.

jai-k6 g-pe troe ixa ro.

A. Mbal-ba ta?

B. rae :a mbale.

A. Xe-nembyahi-ete-ba hina ko pyhare!3. Thkotev,a na-cena Lora entonce r8.

A. aei-kuag-Da mcZ ina-cena Dc a?

B. los cuadra ko'g gui o-pyta seteire.7,taurante.

A. Ja-ha va.era mo'a peter asado.

B. Xe na-xe-nemayahiri ko'a7ga..A. X5 kat bero se-segue.

3. i katu ai-porukg ndg-ve cien.guar:.nZ

15A. Mba'e-pa nde re-rambos5.?3. A-rambosa mok6"i ryguasu

ha cocido.A. Mbale ixa-pa nde gust5. la ryguasa

ruoi'g.3. Xe-gustg xyryr:7 pyre.

Este restaurant tiene buena comida.Entremos a comer acul si es asi.

Qug comeremos?:ualauier cosa.

Que hambre tengo estaEs necesario que cenemos bien entonces.Sates d6nde -oodemos cenar bier.?A acs cuadras de aqui aueda un

restaura-t.

beriamos a comer un asado.

Yo no tengo hambre ahora.Yo tengo hambre y no tengo dinero.Puedo prestarte 100 guaranies.

Que desayunas?Desayuno dos huevos y cocido.

'Co.mo Eusi:.an los huevos?

Me gustan fritos.


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:State of Health, etc.

A. Mba:e ixa-pa re-Oe-liandu'?B. A-:le-Handa pora, la aka rasy-nte b:e: . amente uue el

nda-xe-reje-L. 17,10:- de e

A. Be-hC vary mo'a pets: mdico =iara=me. re'..eras ir :-:-Hltdc de yuyos.B. Be, ureva la ai-ap6 ta va eso ec are el l'ines.

A. Re-s:6 =a-pa ra.e doctor-De9gueteri. A-Eleha'a ta :urarme

xe-aO3.A. rO-uard ko, i-pora-ve var:i

ta-nde-rexe Deter doctor.B. Xe a-.--.a-s, Pero hery-eterei la loot,

A. Nde-pdra-t:te-Da

Ha xe-rasy ningo ai-kO vo.A. Mba'e-iko la o-jehd va mde-ve?B. Chaco-re xe-su'u mbOi.

A. Kuehe guive xe-akanundU vo.B. Ha mbale-pa he-' la nde-doctor?

gueteri vofningo hende-t,e.

va.era:re-h, ha rel-k_uai-1

..... la regue-rek6 va.

L. d majKOA. :j7aoe-i

m: ningope

A. :ie-resa'y: 4ba%6-iko

ca,. ','q-aguanta-,-4- ma.

me . ve oong.:

'jaguareteKe-le

. u-kuera pya'e?

me_lor que tefuerasest J.: medldcJ.

pen_ ',_os medicos._

mu; :arcs.

e!gado esters ahora.H-rmo.

nE nasa?..

un-62'vfbc-Jra.

eqde*ayer st ,:. :ro-1 fiebre.:ue ;1,:e -u

no Le ne visitado.

Sera donveniente aue lc visitarasy saber qua es Lo aue tienes realmente.

Qu- puedo tomar para el1,.:)r .;:a.beza%

1(;-, t,)mastt genial?Ia I: iomaac oastante, per° no

efectc tr mi.

prooal ta aspirina.

Cur piido eSt5.s! Que ne pasa?

Me duele la barriga. Ya nc aguantc mg.&.

aue to des igun medi,:inaY

eres 'jaguarett KaL'hL., dernLfavor.

1r oue le pasa?er el dedo.mano.

i)(Jui.ur, padre curarme pronto?


h:na.E. va

cance'r,

ma

i9

o,

A. kat-r,1 vc. And:- .,1gc enfe=.3. va?

Has:- x6-ve y:e-aka s6 exactamente.ha a. cab.he y el est6ma4:c.

mcoa ningo doctor-se. fr a ur. r.4diSc.

dueie la

\cgde-r,-k5 De m4t,a? 1.:ne ece

C.-,;agar:. xu-ne Dulmona.- Le tonf: pdlnlonla.

la pende-doctor? au dice9-me'e pete: receta ro-jogu Di5 dna receta para comprar

hagua ton.. la medicina.

..7-e-logug.. ma'ciko 1a,po'na9 v,

3. i';ahaniri, EI:deteri. o, to.dava no.A. ca',4 re-piko? For cu?3. Hep-etere!:, ha ko'a.ga ore-sogue Es mdy cam ° y ahoraestamos sin

dinerc.

12

la a-rek6 va, doctor? Cc.16 es in .7lue ter.go, doctor?E. :.Ita'ev va. Pero re-?iangarekc-v e nab. Fero debes cuidarte

va.era nde-rehe-A. L'octor, per° x6 ningo

a-jogug la Doha.3. Fe-Hena'a va.erL re-conseau5:

re-kluera-s

13

A. Pe-nena vo5_-pa ra.e ange pyhare?3. :',ahaniri.- Fo-flen6 pyhare- ma ha

re-pd'a pyhareve7t6.A. ha mba':=1 ixa"pa oi-k6 pende-rOga-pe?

B. Hesai-mb-a. pord-inte, gracias.

mas.

coctor, nerc yo no Du-!do ccrnprarins remedios.

bebes procdrar obtenerio si cuierescurarte.

id you go to bed early last night.o. We went to bed cuite late and

got up cuite early.

How is everyone at your house?All good and healthy, thanks.


Comm cn tuat, ons

A. Ikat"pa mi don Pedro-ndi?3. Mba'6 niimero-na re-hen5i re-ina?A. .0no-siete-caatro-ocho.B. :mm, a -pe avav6 here.

don Pedro.

2

A. Ikatil-pa mi karai Jose ndi?B. Mba''e nde-r6ra?A. Er-6 xu-ne o-e-;e'e-se hg he-ndive

i-sobrino. -

B. E-ha',aro sapy'a mi.

3

A. Mgva-pe-pa pe-ha'ar5 pe-ina?B. Ro-.ha'ar5 ro-ina ore-amigo 'ku6ra7pe.A. Ha'e7t6 ningo ku pende-poxS7- va pe-ina.

Mba'6-iks o-i?3. 0j-apo mango media hora 0-a va.ere.

hagu6 ha nd-o-z1-iri hikugi. -

A. ,y3. An- ::a -hen Si tei xu -pe ko'aga-it6.

A. Hee, nda-jai-kuagi o-gustg ne-naxu-pe.

3. ::a-ha'ar5 la siete tera la siete y

media nev6.

5

A. Alicia nda ta ma.

3. Mba'e_' hora-na c -se ra.e ko'a gui?.A. 0-se kuri la dies rupi.S. Entonce ningo ha'6 hi'd.r-terel ma.

6-

A. Ne'ira-na o-6. Juan?

3. Na p6-se o--11 ma.

A. La ocho y media. Araka'e mo o-guahe

ta hora -pe.

3. E-penaff7 na. F;a-guahe ta hora-it6-pe. No to preocupes.

Tiaedo habia.7 con el Sr. Pedro?

C:u6 nIlmero estg lamando?'

Uno-siete-cuatro-ocho.Aqui no vive nadie llamado-donve.dro.

Puedo hablar con el Sr. Jose?COmo se llama Vd.?Digale que.su sobrino quierehablarle.Espere an momento.

A quien estgln esperandoEstamos esperando a nuestroS amigos.Parecen enojaaos. Qu6 rasa?

Hace media que les estgmos esperando y no vienen.

Liamemos cues a Maria.No le liamemos ahora mismo,.Si, no sabemos si le gustaria.

Esperemos pasta las siete o lassiete y media.

Alicia no tardarg, ya viene.A que hora sali6 de acul?Sali6 como a las diez.Si es, ya ha tardado demasiado.

Todavia no vino Juan?Alli ya viAe.Las ocho y media. Cugndo llegarga hora. .

Legaremos a tiempo.

A. Mba'e hora-pa regue-rek5?B. Nda-xe-relo-iri hlna kotaga-it6A. -0-i-pa netei relo kc:g .rupi?

pe otro kotf7-De

Que hora tiene?No nengo reloj ahora.Hdy reloj por aqui?.Hay uno en el otro cuarto.


pa ra"

-poranau1.

3. katu xe-resaral nd-ague-rifi

ave. ::de- up6va.

9

A. Ikatia-ba mi he-hermano ndi?B. : ningo no-i-ri hfna.A. ?-.a'e hora ikatti xu-pe?B. L cinco runs.

Tienes buena hora?Es is Due iba a Dreguntarte.Y:_. re1,9,f cars.

Y yo de aerlo

Puedor'hablar con su hermano?Ahora mismo.no este.

. A cue hora cuedo encontrarle?Las cinco meS o menos.

10

A. A-ha va. era a-..flandu xe-s:7-pe ko cyhare. Lebo it a visitar a mi madreesta noc;ae.

3. Ne-;.-a'ara-pa hfna-ha'e? Te ester esperando ella?A. Hee, xe-ila'ar6. kuri he-ndive Si, me, espera. Hable con ella

ko -cyhareve. esta maflana.B. Ta-De-vy'a-ate uce ixa ro. Que se diviertan entonces.

A-Flete-se mf don Jose ndi.3. E-L'aro sany'a-miA. Hembi-a.00 re hfna,

A. T,iei-r.;ctl-pa.ro-ha'arn3. Nzhaniri. Xe ikatu a-nangareko

.1(e-jehe.

A. T.2:;.at-a-pa ja-jo-topa je4 aa.mive?:.3. 0-I ma. le a-hasa ,bevy ta ko'g rupl

media-bora rire.

13A. 0-I-na hIna-karai Juan?

. B. Nd-ai-kuag-i, a-hexa mf ta.A.tEr-6 xu-oe o-fle'e-se he-ndivs.

doctor CaStro.

'14

A. Rei-kuag'pa araka'e-pa re-he ta Para- Sabes cue.ndo ires a AsunciOn?gu4-pe?

B. A-ha-se ningo age lunes. Quiero irmeel lunes.A. Mba'erre-pa ne-re4l'aro-146-i re-h6 no_esperas rigs Para irte?

hagUa?

B. Xe-ra'aro ma hikuei ama, `la me estgn esperando alle.

'-,abiarle a don Jose.Esoere un -omo. -Si ester ocubado, no quiero quese moleste.

C4uieres bue to espere?No, yo puedo cutdarme.

Podremos volver a vernos mas. tarde?Este bier. Yo volvere por aqul.despues de media hora.

Este el se or Juan?No lo s6. Averiguar6.Digale cue desea hablarie.elDr. Castro..


mo'd)

G.

'Additional.Sentences for Study

Jueves mo'R-i hina.

re la guaraniguiresarai.movri voT.. -

3 A-manO mo'd.Hail mo'a.

5. Er-e rire xe-ve r6-he ja varRrao'a

6. 'Ja-o-topes sire ja-vY'4.-ve

vary mo'a:Ko'dro amba.ap6 hetg ta.

ne )

8. An re-h6 porkg re-'6 ne.9. Nd--o-hri.x6ne.

10. Nd-ai-kuag-i jevY'ne-ba.

(raA; raka.e)

11. Mba'e Ora-pa rei ra.g

-re-mba.ap6?12. Oi-ke-Diko ra.e pe kuimbace?

Entero mba'e ivarato-ve raka.e.14. re- studies raka.e la

re-je-resivl hagua.

(va)

15. -Fe sicuentaisiete pe ryguasilo-vale mrvakue dies pesos.

16. Xg a-mba.apO yard a-vivl-hagua.

17. Ai-kuag o-hO va.erR

. la. Nd-ai-potg-i o-jy'y Va'lg. Pe-mboa,y v-6 ro-hendu haguR ixa

la pej-g vakue pe-ina.-

I don't think I'lI be coming:

Thursday-I will not forget Guaranieasily .

.I almost died._'almost fell.If you had told me I would.havelet ou rest.If we meet together we willrejoice.Tomorrow I wll work a greatdeal.

Do not go because you will fall.He will not go.I don't know if he will come

again.

At What,time did you begin

working?Did that man go in?Everything was formerly cheaper.How many years .have-you studiedin order to get your degree?

In '57 hens used to cost ten

pesos.I have to work in order to live.I know that he has to go.I don't .rant what is uncooked.You were making noise so that wecould not hear what you weresaying.


:9.

Hei-kuag.-pa pe O--h6 vakue-ct::

7a i-kylg. va lai-pmt_ va Eui.0-moingovg.la o-mano vakug

a-mode' rl ndg-.e laa-hexg vakug.

2i Lei -kuag:cikO la er-e' vara:25. Nda-rek6i tiemoc a-perde' vara.

Nda.tocg-i la kuaira oi-oorukg.vakutl: xg-re.

27. Nd-a-too6.-i la oi-borukg:vakug,xg-ve i-kuaira.

S

.

2e mitatc. of -k6 ndi.

3-ne'e hina i-chica ndi.;o Paragua gui.

Ko mesa amo Eug:32. Ko mesa anl guarg.33. Ko bik3 es to dia.guarg.

:4.amo "guara?

35. La solO-kangue e-hejg;..agug-pe "guara.

A-joEug la jaEugndg-ve wares.

(Eui)

36. Ei-ne'g la nde-p6 la .mes. ari gui.3T. 0-se 6ga gui.33. 0-1.1 Taragu gui.

39. 0-mana.embyahi gui..kOva gui.

Ko 'tembi-.ap6. ku kueh:e'

guar_ gui%149 E,-raha oi-me rae k'a jagug

a -ryte gui.

Mess. yvyr.44. -Oga

gui-guarg.-moor_ nuti va guivg o-He-

mbomr-7'.

aCw

44.3

Do you know the one who left:We sebarate.the di.r;ty ones fromthe clean ones.She is reviving the one who died.It is not possible for me to tellyou what I saw..Do you know what you have to say?I don't have time 'to waste.

don't ..21hd,the r-ing he lent me.

i don't -.;'ina the one who lent

me his.ring.

That child goes with his mother.He is talking with his girl frieha.I am from AsunciOn.This table is from there.This table came from there.The cake wasbaked today.

. For where?

Leave the bones for those dogs.

I bought the dog,7 for you.

Remove your hand from the table.He goes out of his house. 'He comes from Taragu:r..

He died of starvation.That house is more beautifulthan this one.This work is harder thanyesterday's. -

Take any one.of these dogs.

A table .m.ade) of'wood.A house cf stone.A 'former house of 1;tone.

Everybody who is poor is humbled.


Ha'e o-olta-ve la xeva gui.

(De)

He smokes more than I thought.

48. E-mee jagug-De k6va. Give this one to the dog.

49. Oi-me He is at the door.

50. A-hg to nu -me. I'll go to the field.

51. Oi-ke ka'aguS7-pe. He entered the forest.

52. A-hg CamiOn-pe, I go by bus.-

53. 'Oi-kyti: hEi-me. Ee with his teeth. .

54. Xe a-mbovyvS7 la xe-vistido I sew my dress with a thick

Detei inimb6 i-Doguasd va pe.

55. Ha'e mi nte la xe ariandl Va.

56.. Hasy- ko hina la o-guerd va

- xe-ve la mandi'6,.Mba'e-Da la'rei-potg va.

58. Mbe.'6-Da la lie:1e vaekue nde-ve?

59. Ha,nde-piko er-e xe-ve la tape ,

va.era?

60. 14a xe ai-zotg vakue a-rek6 ma.

'ee. la ai-pota'fi.

(bar

62. Ai-kuag.,la nd-O-11 moq-i hg.

63. Re-fiandu xe xe7rasy hg.

64, Ai-kuag o-hO ta.hg.

65. hague.'

Op. xu-Pe 0-11 hagua.67. Ha-',5 xu-pe. Dete: japu 0-11

riagua.

68. Er-e xu-pe a-ha be..

69. He-'I xuPer o- ha-gua.

70. Er-e xu-Be nd ai -me-i hg-a-Ina.

O71. Pe kuiMba'5. oi-kg.

72. Re-hexg.pe kuimba'e pe:A-hexg'pe kuimba'e of -ke hague.

Pe-hexg-pa De kuimba..'6 of -ke

,vakue pe?

thread.I just say what I feel.The one-Arho brings me themandioc is sick.What do' you went? (What is it

that. you want?)Whit did I tell you?And you tel,1 me the road I must

follow?T already have what I wanted.That is what I don't want.

I know,he does not intend to

come.You heard I was sick.I know that he will go.He Says that he.came.He tent pim to come.

told him a lie to make him

come.-

Tell him that I go.I told him to come.Tell him I'm riot in.

That man entered.You see that man.I *saw that the man entered.You saw that man who entered?


75. i,..'ueht"-1: ndeo.

F.c-Moo,17.:a pe .:a. agcy pevg.

la xe-ry=

79. ..k-joku±...7 w r"he,Fe -.r5..he re 3-: mokoi mancha.

;7-

medla S.rh

ride -jur'a rub:.

ci-k la oke,ru-o'....

35. - ixa.-G. Ia-De-n5 ne-ke"..

87. ,a-ha ta-nekaxu-p6.co. Te-re-ho nde-

hermano>.39. 0-jerure hagua xu-b6

90. x6-ve a-has haguakoPero.

91. xg-ve and hagua a-hgLa-jahL

92. azse kc ka.aria20-k:f ro nd'o-a mc'ai

" P" kulIa-kara_ o-i ixa.

. Araka .eve r. xe-ma ndutg. i a-rahagua.

96. Xe-ma ndu'g nde-ru,re.

.97. o-ky,hyjg or.se hagua..98. 0-kyhyje jagu5..gui.;9. nde-rexg vo.

100. A-vy'.5. ja-jo-top-pa jev:7hagugre..

101. ri jevS7. vo.

102. Juan o-a-se xe-visitg vo.103. E-ju koiero re -rasa hagua

la a6.704. Ei- poruka mi xe-ve Detei

cavaju a-guahe hagua Paragugi-De.105. mi xe-ve mava pa la ,ape

hagua L.uue -pe.

ti

. Yes'=rdayIecter,lay g(.1 L yosu

Im 7:0 make you walk far

that forest.dog got lost a,ong road.

tied it to a tree.=here are o vtains in tl",a.t.

nalf a:. hour.your mouth

He entered Dy toe door.a: a.: 1 am.

wan-, .27_ fi him.'

Go and 1:rin.7 you_ trotner.

He asks to make,hm comehome.H- told me to come again'

rc.

.H" toid me not to go bathe.

!lay I go out this afternoon?.

If it rains he is not going 1-.3come.That lady s -.!ms tc be ready

to

never remember to brinis

I remember your father.He is afraid to go out.He is afraid of theI am glad to see ycu.I am glad we have all met to-

, gether again.He is not ashamed of remainingagain.

Juan wanted to come to visit me.Come tomorrow to take the clothes.

Lend me a horse to go toParaguay.

Tegli me .which is the road totis-'6 Luau:


106. ixu-gui ani ha"gua

o-jukg107, 0-pu'a porE-Diko la kumandg.

108. Pe mite karia'y.

sarambi.

109. 0-juDi o-hexg i-sg-pe.

110. Mbog.aao7Da re-rek6 ?

111.- 24=6-pa o-pytg nde-yoga ?

112. Pe guyrg hovg.

113. Lo mite iri- ate'y.

.111. Araka'e-piko're-guahe ra.e ?

115. A-vy'gro-hexg vo.

"11C. Pe kufte.-karrl. mbohapg i-membg.-

117. Re-rek6-pa la xe-kyse ?

118. Ore -racy mi ro-ina.

119. Oi-me kokug-pe.

120. Re-vende-se-pa xerve ko mburikg?

121. Mbog-pa're-jerure hese.?

122. Hep-eterel ! 40

123 Pe mburikg nd-o-vale-i mba'eVe.

124. Xe-mandueg nde-rehe.

125 Petei i-mena ndi:

'126. Pende-resargi:pa pende-1-15. gui.

127. Nde-pa Jugn RamOn ? Xe nda-haee-i.

128. Mba'e''ma he-ed.-se ... guarani-me ?

729. Nda-xe-japil-i.

130. A-jahli. xe-sg-De

131. Pe jagua o-jukes tambel.akajg-De.

132. UmI o-juhrl peter. mbo'i ha

o-,jukes .

133. Ei-porukg kOlra.

134. Ai-rkote=ie'Detei mburikg re,

135. Ai-potg un kin avati.136. Araka'eTpa o-guahe ra.e nde-1-11 ?

737, Mbale-iko nde-ve?

138. Xe a-me' expe139 ore-hegul pe ore-rymbajagug.

140. KOva-na IaItgrape ?141. Nda-i7po-ri .tape.

142. AipOva oi4me Rusia-pe.143. N1D-se^i gueteri la kuarahg.

144. Tape-h6-Dende-itOga-pe.145. na xe-ndive.

146. Mbale ixa-Pa pe-jil pee ?

147. Ro-ju yvg rupi.

148. nde-ndivg nde-i=ezibirek6?

Ja-hg ko:t'sne'rupi.

150. Mba'g'pa ndg-er-e ?

151. Pej-e xe-ve mba'e-pa pei -Dot &.

152. pe karal; peter. guei.

153. Re'a-Pa caVajil gri gui ?

4176

He hid himself so that theywouldn't kill him.The beans are growing well.(getting up)That kid came to cause trouble.

He goes up to'see his mother.Cuantos arias tienes ?Where is your home ?That bird is blue.The children are lazy.When did you arrive ?I am glad to see you.That lady, has three sons.Do you have my knife ?We Care a little sick.He is at the farm.Do you want to sell me this mule ?

How much are you asking for it 7

How expensive !'That mule worth anything.

I forget you..An old lady got, mad at her husband.

Do you-all forget your father ?

Eres to Juan RamOn ? No, I'm not.

What does ... mean in Guarani ?

I'm notI find my mother in her room.The dog will kill the cat.Esos niaos encuentran una serpiente

y la matan.Lend this to my father.a need a mule.I want a kilo of corn. .

When did your father arrive ?

What is the matter with you ?I give him a little water.We lost our dog.Is this. the road to Ita'?There is no road.That one is in.Russia.The sun hasn't come out yet.

Go home.COme with me.How did you come ?We came on foot.Didn't your wife come with you ?Det'S go by this road:What did you say ?Tell me what you ;rant.That mnn's a glutton; he can eat an ox.

Did you fall from (off) the horse ?


,712'7

154.

155.

155.

157.

ha i-7e." xe retyml-me.

Ague-rd ndg-ve D'eter. regalo.Peter a5-johei h6". la'xe-a6.Moo gui pa ko tatatI

: fell and 1:roke my leg.

brought you a ;resent.A laundry woman ..:ashes my clothes,.

Where does that smoke come from ?153. ? ho came159. Nde moo ui rej7fa ? Where do you come' from160. ga-.ne o- het tarav6. There are a lot of oockroachett

at home.161. .Nd-o-je-toc-4.-i mamo-ve la

hg. re. .

The murderer is not to be foundanywhere.

162. Pe otra semana hendve. last ..,-eek I had dinner with him.3 4'6 tunes kurl. He went on Monday.

lt4: .Re-purahei rb a-me16 ta nd&-ve :f you sing give-you a prizpeter pr6mio.'

165. 0-se pa ra.e noga gui tera-para.e ?

166. KL'ero ta la medicorenda-pe.

2id he leave the house or not ?

o a;...,:aon to see the doctor.


REINFORCEMENT STAGE

El uso de NE R trae insospechables onortunidades para que los

estudiantes 'se ejerciten en los usos. VIVOS del idioma. Con ella se pueden

ambientax o componer situaciones (bi6n dramaticas) cue envuelvan al

estudiante exigiendo de el una definiciOn categrica y personal. Y sobre

tcdo sirvira para reforzar el uso de patrones en re-creaciones libres de

respuestas prefabricadas,

Estas son algunas situaciones compuestas,en que cada estud4nte deberg

participar y (con la ayuda del maestro corrigienc.d los errores gramaticales)

dar una respuesta, personal.

1. Jesucristo he-'t va.ekue; Re-Se-nupZ r8 peter nde-roves ykg-pe. E-mof

otro nde-nova ykg ha e-ne-nupg=k j,evS7.

.Xe a-porandTpee-me: Mba'g-na ndg rej-ap6 ne r8 peter nde=rapixa nde-

nova -nete ?

2. - Re-h6 r8 re -ke peter hotel-De ha re -pay re -toga re-Se-monda pa -ite

hagu. Mbaeg-ps. rej-ap6 ne'?(Desnues que cada uno haya dado respuesta)

La policies he-'i ra nde-ve nde-hermanc hagug la monda ha; mba'g-pa

rej-ap6 ne ?

3. Re-hO rd re-jogug peter np-camisa rasa upgi re-ju hde-yoga -pe

re -topes tuixa hg nde-retie. Mba'6-pa re-hc ne er-g la o-vendg

vakue-pe nd6-ve.

Ndg re-he peter pueblo'i mrme Paraguai-ne, ha o-kaily thba itg nde-

hegui la nde kuatia kugra,ha peter tahaxi o-jururg ndg-vende-documento re, ha ndg er-g xu -re: XE CUERPO DE PAZ PEGUA. VOLUNTARIO

nen) nd-oi-kuaa-i mba'a-pa he-'i-se upeva ha nde-nupa ha nde-.

gueraha preso mba'g-pa er-g ne la comisario-pe.,

'

Lea envoz alta cada sentencia,,hasta.que todos lo hayan entendido (asegaresede ello). Luego de -tres nombres preguntando a cual de ellos se debe. POr ej.

Ud. toma la sentencia 'Cree oMilere' de Mahoma.

Maestro-. E-guerovia te"ra e-man6. Mava-pa he-'i raka%' Mahoma-pa tera

Jesus tera-pa Moises ?Cada persona despues de ENTENDERLO tratarg de dar la respuesta

correcta. Evite que traten de adivinar sin entender las sentencias.

Puede ser una vivida comnetencia de puntos y proclame al ganador..


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Otro -ail REINFORCEMENT podrfa consistir en lo siguiente:

Antes que nada el maestro- deberg estar rags or menos compenetrado de.

las intereses especiales de su lase o de cada individuo en especial. Luego

recurriendo a la imaginaciOn siempre rica de los estudiantes, debe hacer

que cada uno resnonda a las siguientes preguntas y otras que el maestro

harg.

Mba'g ixa gua Eiga-pa rej-apo-ukg ne re-guereko r5 1,000,000 de

dclares?

Mba'e guy c-Lhe-pa re7J6guS,,ne re-guereko rd 2,000,000 de

guaranies ?

3. Morna re-hc5 ne re-guereko r8 peter aviOn a chorro?

4. .Milva re-pa re-mendg ne nde-plata-cieta.r8?

Moa-pa re-ho-sg ne nde-re-h6-i to r8 Paragugi-pe?

c. Mba'4-na re-ogug ne nde-platarietg 1.8?

Mc5-Da re-h6 ne rei-ko ride-nlata-iletg r5?


Veinte Preguntas

Este juegc es bien conocido por la mayorTra de los Norteamericanos.Consiste en lo siguiente: se di,:ide la' clase en 3 o mgs equipos. Unode los eStudiantes; Luis por ejemplo,'-4 escogido Para pensar en un de-terminado personaje famoso. Entonces cada equibo tendrg 20.oportunidadesPara lograr adivinar el nombre del personaje. Sucongamos que Luis pensaseen Abraham Lincoln y que los ecuipos tratasen de adivinarlo.

Estudiante 1: : -u .a-ca?

Luis: Nahaniri..Estudiante 2: Norteamericano-pa?Luis: Hee.Istudiante 3: 3i-kove. gu.e'teri-ba?Luis:

Estudiante 4: apo-hg.pa raka'e? Politico-ba?Hee.

-stud ante 3: Oi-k6 va.ekue-pa siglo 19-ne?Luis: - He..Estudante 2: e ;.era Abraham 1.,.inco7n,

el ejemplo de arriba el estudiante nUmero 2 ha logrado adivinar el,ncmbre lel nerscnaje, nor lo cual estudiante 2) ocuparg el lugar deLuis y .;ensarg en otro perso._aje que.lcs eduipos tratargn de adivinar. Siun ecuito rebasase el namero de preguntas serg eliminado.

7AFJAC:ONES: Este juego.se presta a. multiples variaciohes. Los objetosdel juego codrlan ser personajes famosos, coma hechos historiCos,grandes'icuidades O cualquier otracosa.

.4:


GENERAL QUESTIONS

Mba'e ixa-pa nde-rera?Araka.14-pa re-nace raka'e?

Mamo-pa oT,pyta nde-roga?Mbate-pe-pa re-mba'ap6?Mbate-pa re-studia raka'e?

ne-mandu'g orevela ne-familia rehe?

Mbate ixa-paMbate-pa hasl ndeve?Mba'e-pa o-i nemolestg va?Mbate-pa ne-kevrantg?Mbate"pa la ne-interesg va?Mbate-pe-pa re-mba'ap6 raka'e

re-Ina re-ja mboyve ko'g-pe?

Ha mbOSI-pa re-gang raka' e?Mbona o -gana por afio la

ne- familia?ha mbate teko-pa la situaci6n

ko'aga nde-roga-pe?Mboma pei-me nde-roga-pe?Mlo!;--oa ne-membS'r nde?

Nde-are ma-ca ko hospital-be?

Oi-me ne re-hexa gatil la ne-familia

.kuera-pe, aje-pa?041-pa jepi ne-gente kuera ne-andily

Hetg-pe ma-pa rei-kuag g-pe?Ne-kane'rpa sapy'a mi ml ko hospital

gui?Mba'e-pa la rej-apo-se-ve va?Mba'e-pa he-'1 ne-gente kuera la

re-i haguere la hospital-pe?Re-hexa py'Yi-pa la doctor kuera-pe?

Ne-pytyvo-pa va ixa ndeve hikugi?

Mbate,s_nde-gustg tembi'il?

Mba'e =batepa la va ko'grpe?

Mba'e-pa. re-'u-se-ve va re-i Jaye

::de-rogarpe?Oi-me vaera ningo re-extrafig a mbate,

aje-pa?has5' Ra-mba'apo

hagud, aje-pa?re-mba'apo rakae?

Nde-gusta-pa rakae la nde- puesto?Mba'e-pa re-pensa rej-apo vo re-se

vove ggui?Arakae-pa vaixa nde-ve re-se ta.ko'ggui?

Re-fie'e ma-pa rae la doctor kuera ndi

mba'e re?

COmo se llama Ud.?Cugndo naci6 Ud.?D6nde queda su casa?En que trabaja Ud.?Que.estudi6 Ud.?

PUede hablarnos acerca de

su milia?C5min se sientEQue le duele?Hay algo que le molesta?Que le preocupa?Que es lo que le interesa?En que estaba trabajando antes

de venir aqui?Y ougnto ganabas?Y cugnto zana anualmente

su familia?Y c6mo estg ahora la situaci611

en su casa?Cugntos son en su familia?Cuantos hijos (hijas) tiene?

(a una mujer)Ya ha estado mucho tiempo aqui

en el hospital?Seguramente afioras a sus familiares,

verdad?Suelen venir sus parientes a visitar?

Ya conoci6 a muchos aqui?

Se cansa de vez en cuando del hospi-

tal?Que es lo que mgs desea hacer?Que. dicen sus parientes porque estg

en un hospital?Leve Ud. frecuentemente a lcs medicos?

Le Parece que le ayudan?Y, le gusta la comida?Que. cosas come aqui?Que es lo que suele gustarle mgs

cuando estg en su casa?Seguramente extrafias estas cosas,

verdad?Si no tenemos un titulo, es dificil

trabajar, no?Trabajaba antes?Le gust6 su cargo?.Que piensa hacer cuando salga de

aqui?Cugndo leparece que va a salir de aqui?

Ya hab16.de estas cosas con el medico?


pa ne-pyty,:5 ta vs re-juhil hagua

nde-trabajora re-se- vov-6:+!ava-pa u.TZva?

Mba'6-pa er-e roi-pytyva ra? A-ha-kuag hendive kuera.

Fe-gars._ _va-pa ikatu haguaixa re-sos-ten6 la ne-fan lia kuera-re?

re-gana rakae yma-ve?Ha nde-roga-pe-pa o-I ambue

d-mba'ap6 va ave5::

Re-guerekd-pa ne-geftte militar va?tide -pa liberal -tra colorado::e-pytyvo-ca rakae la nde-parl:.Ldo?Red-pot:a ra, x6 1kat1-1 a-ha a-flemongetg

hendive kuera.dew ca o-menda va?

Re-hexa xupe?He-tea-n ne-memby kuera re?

s:rv-ba hik-gi?escuela-be rakae?

oa' i;:rado cev-_a?

Rei-rota ra, se.'ikatu-roi-bytyva

re-scrivi hagua petei' carta.X6 ikatu ar-consegu nd6ve la kuatigRei-kuag-ca mba'e're-pa re-I re-Ina

nosbital-re?Oi-kuag.-pa nde-rasf7 hg?Re-__y hyjepa rakae re-ju hagua

hospital -De?

X6 a-hex -kuaa hg ixa heta c-I lava hosDStal -pe

gui mba'6ixa ca-nte..Heta ningo o-I va la va

guiv6 ko'g,-pe i-tarova he.... Ha

L493

Hay alguien que va a ayudarle aencontrar un trabajo cuando salga?

uienes son ellos?Que le parece Si le ayUdo? Puedo

ir a hablar con ellos.Suele ganar lo suficiente Para mantener

Cugnto ganaba anteriormente?Y hay otros cue trabajan en su familia?

Tiene parientes militares?Es Ud. liberal o colorado?.Le ha ayudado su partido?Si quiere yo rued ir a hablar

con ellos.Es lid. casado?Le vF-.1 Ud. frecuentemehte?Se preocupa'pbr sus hijos?Le escriben?Entr6 en la escuela?Hasta que grado?Lee y escribe?

Si lc desea yo puedo ayAarle a

escribir una carta.Yo puedo conseguir el papeI:"Sabe Ud. porqu6 ester en el hospital?

Saben ellos cue ester Ud. enfermo?Ter.2-_a Ud. miedo de venir

Me rarece que hay muchos cuienes noquieren venir a este hospital,porcue no saber_ c6mo es.

Muchos dicers que todos los cue ester:,aaui son lOcos. Pero no es as.T.. Por

nda-upeixa-i. Tavf,7- gui o-je-'e upeixa., ignorancia -se piensa asi.X6ve r5 guara nde re-Hekevr'ant6 re-Ina Para mi., Ud. se preocupa por querer

re-se-s6 gui ko'g gui. Arakae-pa re- salir de acuT.. Sobre cuando saldras-,1" ta re; ha mbaie resconsabilidad-Pa y la res:consabilidad que recaergho'5. ta nde-g.ri sobre_Ud. cuando

Ha x6 roi-pytyv-6-s6. Ikatu ra;-xe Yo quiero ayudarle. Si es posiblea-arregla-pa-se la rei-potg va auiero arreglar todo antes quere-se" mboyve. salga.

C -Ipa ikatu va aj-apo nde-rehe te-ra Hay alguna bosa aue yo pueda pacerre -memby kuera re?. por Ud. o sus hijos?

:ekote-:re- re-Heha'a re-pytu'u re-kuerg Es .necesario que procure descansarhagua, ha ikatu haguaixa Para curarse mas rg.pido y para

re-h6 pyaie-ve la nde-roga -re. poder volver pronto a su casa.pre ma-pa nde-easy hague Hace mucho tiempo cue tiene esta

kc mba'as:7 gui. enfermedad?

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roaigixa-pa re-kuerg rakae urn otro

mba'asy gui? Re-AU-pa rakae hos-

bital-be tera moo re-h6?,a dancer i- peligroso, aje-pa?

lava re-pa re7je-rovia-vg?3apy'a-nte ko o-jehu fiandeve jai-pota-

g. va, aje-pa?3apy'a-nte katu nda-ja-vy'g-i ref -nte.

3apy'a-nte ko aai-koteve vof aa-fie-moha'er16 ha fia-fiemotiempo ja-pytu'uhagua ha fia-pensa hagug, ajg-pa?

krakae-pa i-pora aa-mendg?fb,?.!e re-pa ifiimportante-terel la plata?

:kaetg-pa opg o-i va i-plata heta-se')

Mena-pa o-me' e mba vaerg i-plata

hembireko-pe?borba o-se la tItulo universidad-pe?

Aaetel-pa entero norteamericanoi-plata hetg?

4914

Cilimose cure) de las otras enfer-

medades? Fue Ud. a un hospital,

o dade?El cancer es peligrosoqlrerdad?

En quien confla mas?A veces nos pasan cosas que no

deseamos, verdad?-Y a veces nos entristecemos sin moti7o.

A veces es necesario bUscar la'soledad

y hacerse de tiempo para descansa

-y p sar, verdad?

Cugndo uno casarse?

Por qug es-tan importante el dinero?

Es verdad que todo el mundo quire

ser rico?-Debe el hombre dar todo su dinero

a su esposa?Cugnto cuesta una educaciOn univer-

sit aria?Es verdad clue todos los norteamerica-

nos son ricos?


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