peace day - ericpeace day-may 18. suggestions and material for its observance in the schools. the...
TRANSCRIPT
VKITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATIONBULLETIN, 1912: NO. 8 - - . WHOLE NUMBER 476
_ 1.
pEACE DAY(MAY 18)
SUGGESTIONS AND MATERIAL FOR ITS
OBSERVANCE IN THE SCHOOLS
Compiled by FANNIE FERN ANDREWSSECRETARY OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL
f t
PLACE LEAGUE -
.0
.
WASHINGTONGOVFANMtNT PRINI1NG OFFICE
19`Il
I
CONTENTS.
Page.Letter of transmittal 5Suggested program for the Eighteenth of MayThe dawn of world peace, by William Howard Taft 9The cost of war, by David Starr Jordan 10The cost of armed peace 12The significance of the Eighteenthsof May, by Mrs. Fannie Fern Andrews:
The Czar's plan for peace 13The young queen's invitation 14The house In the woods 14Topics discussk g 14Choosing an ,umpire____ 15War no longer necessary 15The peace of Portsmouth 16The "Dogger bunk affair" 16The Hague court of arbitration 17The Hague palace of peace 17Gifts of the nations 17The arbitratiqn treaties negotiated by the United States with Great
Britain-and France 18The second pence conference 19A supreme court of the world 19The third pence conference 19
The Hague Tribunal:Administrative council 20Members of the court 20
The Nobel committee 20The Interparliamentary Union 21The Carnegie endowment for international peace 21Educational work for peace 22Resolutions passed by National Education AssociationPeace prize contest (under the auspices of the American School Peace
League)- A 20Course of study In .good wi" 1 28Current literature in the study of th",aternationdi peace movement__ 29Tubal Cain (Charles Mackay) 29A vision of the futureLocisley Hall (Alfrett Tennyson)_ 30The arsenal at Springfield (Henry W. Longfellow) 30Put off, put off your mail, ye Kings, etc. (John Knakin)A hymn of peace (Oliver Wendell Holmes) 82Heroes In times of peace_ 82The better way (Susan Coolidge) 111 88
4 CONTESTS.
Peke.When earth as on some evil dreams, etc. (John Greenleaf Whittier) 33The fatherland (James Russell Lowell) 34
Ring out the old, ring in tini new (Alfred Tennyson) 35The'cherry festival at Naumburg 35Recessional (Rudyard 3nThese things Shall he.. 37Oh, beautiful, my country. 37Hear. 9 ye Nations (Frederick L. lioSmer) 3.S
National hymn 38Quotations (prot;e) 39Bibliography 41
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,RI-RI:AU OF EDUCATION,
11. a8hington, D. C., March ;, 1912.SIR': Among the ninny movements of modern times for the ad-
vancement of civilization and the relief of humanity from unneces-sary ,hardens of expenditure and of paralyzing fear, none is moresignificant than that for arbitration and world-wide peace. Thismovement has. I believe. been made possible by the education of themasses of the people in all the more progressive countries of theworld, and will succeed finally.only as education becomes more uni-ersa]. Like all great constructive movements for the uplift and
freedom of tlal people, it. -must depend on the intelligence and under-standing of the people' themselves. To any such end no agency ismore effective than that which works through the schools, in whichthe cit&ns of the future are gathered during their formative years.Because of the constant increase in the number of children in ourschools, it is increasing131 true that whatever we would have in theIllation of to-morrow we. should put into the schools of to-day. InIllese workshops of humanity the future is formed and determined toan extent and degree. greater than anywhere else.
In this movement for international arbitration and peace theschools are infcgested for another reason. The Cost of war and ofarmed peace is still larger in the civilized countries of the worldthan the cost of schools and of other formal means, of education.Were it possible to deliver the world immediately from this Burdenof an outgrown and antiquated institution by bringing in the reignof reason, good will, and eonstructivrcooperation, the opportunitiesfOr educato might at once be increased from two to four fold ,'throughout he world without any increase in the total burden oftaxation. o
One of the most effective' ways of fixink the attention of childrenand making lasting impressions 'on their mind is 'through wellarrangod and jittractivp progi-anis fcir days set apart, for special
,purposes. For these dais !hildren and teachers make unusual prep-aratiok ,facts and principles' dimmitted,to inernonj, never to
,
A.7 . S
6 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL!.
be forgotten, and are'emotionaliied and vitalized by poetic settmusic, and song. The whole is emphasized probably by one or oseaddresses made by prominent citizens of the community. telt aprogram is that prepared, at rn) :request, by Mrs. Fa le FernAndrews, secretary of the International School Peace aeague, or-ganized and maintained for the purpose of fostering e propagandaof peace through the schools. In 190G the Conunissioner of Educa-tion, Dr. Elmer' Ellsworth Brown, recommended that dig 18th dayof May, the anniversary of the assembling of the first Peace,Con-ference at The Hague, should be observed as Peace Day in theschools. If observed .at all, it should be iwan intolligent and fittingway. For this teachers need help. To offer such help is a properfunction of the Bureau of Education. I therefore recommend thepublication of this program as a bullain of the Bureau of Educationand suggest that all or portions of it be reprinted by State depart-ments of educa.tion in sufficient quantities to supply all the teachersin the several States.
Very respectfully, P. P. (21..\veo..s,COMM188ionen
the SECRETARY OF TILE INTERIOR.
ee
0SUGGESTED PROGRAM FOR, THE EIGHTEENTH
OF 'MAY..
Recessional.MUSIC.
Music: De Koven.Words: Kipling.
RECITATION. 0
Ring out the Old; Ring in the New.
READING.I:y
Tennyson.
(n) The Dawn of World Peace. William Howard Taft.(b) The Significance of the Eighteenth of May. Fannie Fern Andrews.
These Things Shall Be.
Oh, Beautiful, My Country.
Tubal Cain.
1
What Soldiers and Statesmen Rave Said'about War.
MUSIC.
RECITATION.
QUOTATIONS.
is, 43
Hear, 0 ye Nations.
Kgller's American Hymn.
MUSIC.
Tune: Duke Street.Words: Symonds.
Tune: Webb.
Charles Mackay.
Tune: Lyons...Words: F. L..Hosmer.
Chorus, Angel of Peace. 0. W. Holmes.
America. S. F. Smith.7
PEACE DAY-MAY 18.
SUGGESTIONS AND MATERIAL FOR ITS OBSERVANCE INTHE SCHOOLS.
THE DAWN OF WORLt PEACE.
Ity WILLIAuk HowAitti TAIT.
The development of the doctrine of international arbitration, con....sidered. from the standpoint of its ultimate benefits to the lUnnan race,is the most vital movement of modern times. In its relation 10- thewell-being of the men and, Ivoinen of this and ensuing generations, itexceeds in importance the proper solution of various economic prob-lens which are constant themes of legislative discussion or enact- -
ment. It is engaging the attentifn of many of the most enlightenedminds of the civilized world. It derives impetus from the influenceof churches, -regardless of denominational differences. Societies 9fnoble-minded women, orkanizations of worthy men. are giving theirmom! and material support to governmental agencies in their effortto eliminate, as catAes -of war, disputes which frequently have led tQarmed conflicts between nations.
The progress already made is a distinct step in the'direction of ahigher civilization. It gives hope ill the distant future of the end ofmilitarism, with its stupendous, crushing burdens upon the workingpopulation of the 4eading countries of the Old World, ,anflshadows.a decisive check to the. tendency towed tremendous expendi-tures for military purposes in the Western Hemisphere. It presagesat least partial disarmament. by Governments that have been. andstilt are, piling up enormous. debt" for posterity to liquidate, andinsures to multitudes of men now involuntarily doing service inarmies. and navies, employment in peaceful, productive pursuits.
Perhaps some wars have..contrikuted to the uplift of organized 't' society.; more often the benefits were utterly eclipsed by the ruthless
waste and slaughter and suffering. that followed. The principle of,justice to the weak as well as to the strong is prevailing to an extentheretoforeunknoWn to history. Rules of.conduct ihich govern menin their relations to one another are being applied in 'an ever-increas-ing degree to nations. The battle field as a place. otosettlement ofdisputes is gradually yielding. to arbitral 'courts of lustioe.' The
84261°-422.
10 PEACE DAY.9
interests of'the great masses are not being sacrificed, as in formertimes, to the selfishness, ambitions, and aggrandizement-of sovereigns,or to the intrigues of statesmen iniwilling to surrender their scepterof potter. Religious wars happily are specters of a medieval or
`ancient past, and the Christian Church is laboring Valiantly to. ful-fill its destiny of " Peace on earth.-
. .
If the United States has a mission, besides developing the grin-.ciples'of the brotherhood of man into a living. palpable force. itseems to me that it is to blaze the way to universal arbitration amongthe nations, and bring them into more complete amity than everbe'fore existed. It is known to the world that we do not covet theterritory of our neighbors. or seek the acquisition of lands on othercontinents. We are free of such foreign entanglements as frequently..conduce to embarrassilig complications, and the efforts we make inbehalf of international peace can not be regarded with a suspicion ofulterior thotives. 11 spirit of justice govelrns our relations withother countries, and wrefore we are specially qualified to set a patfor the rest of the orld.
. .
The principle and scope of international arbitration, as exempli-fied in the treaties recently negotiated by the United States withGreat Britain and France, should commend itself to the Americanpeople. TIlese treaties go a step beyond any similar instrumentswhich hate received the sanction of the United States, or the twoforeign powers specified. They enlarge the field of.arbitrable sub-jects embraced in the treaties ratified by the three Governments in1908. They lift into the realm of discussion and hearing, before somekind of a tribunal, many of the causes of war which have madehistory such a sickening chronicle of ravage and cruelty, bloodshedand desolation.
THE COST OF WAR..By DAVID STARR JORDAN.
International war has been the primal curse of the EneopeanIt has virtually conic to atiend, because of its tremendous cost. Thenations of Europe are in the grasp of gigantic debts which devour allthe . sums which can be raised through taxatinttar can befought save on borrowed money, and the great intREat ional bankers,the " Unseen Empire of Finance," do not willingly loan money to onenation, to be used in destroying their own investments in bonds andproperties of altther nation. The most powerful of the reigninghouses of Europe is the house of Rothschild, which inits greit centraloffices in London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, and Amsterdam, determines1iy its silent nod the.questions of war and peace among the nations of
'r
PEACE DAY. 11.S
Europe. To control the operations of nations it is not necessary toown them. It is needful only to control their debt.
War debt began with the nineteenth century. Not until the estab-lishment of constitutional 'government had nations any credit in theworld of finance. The bond of a king was notoriously bad security.Sine 1800 the war debts`of the nations have grown by leaps andlauinds. That of Euri5pe as a whole amounts to more than $26,000.-otfr0,000. bearing interest at the rate of $1.150,000.000 per year: Thedebt of France is nearly 86.000.000,000; that of Russia, $5,000.-0°0,000: that of the United Kingdom, $3,700,000,000; that of Ger-Many, including the debts ofTrus.sia and Bavaria, nearly the same:that of Italy. $2.800.000,000; that of Spain, $1,800,000,000; that ofJapan. $1.300.000,000. All these "endless caravans of ciphers" rep-resent sums which have never been paid, will never Lie paid, can neverbe paid so long as the present system of national armament does on.For practically the entire amounts now raised by taxation in civilizednations go into the support of armies and navies': The I7nited States,in splendid iolation 'from old entanglements, without an enemy intlw world, and bound by ties of blood and commerce to all civilizednations, -spet4p 7:3 per cent of her income in this way. The civil', ornonmilitary. expenditures of Europe are so small as to be negligible.
ANNI'm .attatAstt:IiT BI:184,TS 01 10 eiAT10118.
Fixal'oonlr le,
year.Expended for
Army.Expended for
Navy.Total mili-
tary charge.
3iistrinllunmary ... . . 1909 869,576,000 $12,687,000 682,265,000France. 1910 164,569,000 68,299,000 232,868000tIermany . . 1910 11 177,162,000 39,513,000 216,975,000timid Britain.... 1..., 10 137,175, 000 175, 715, 000 312,890,000Italy.... . i 1944 10 61,745,003 33,927,000 95,672,000Japan 1909-10 36;116,000 17,662,000 53,806,000Bowls. . . . 1 1910 240,358,000 44,624,000 248,982,000Spain ........ , 1910 32,914,000 6,271,000 09,095,000Turkey 1909 149,067,000 '5,530,000 55,197,000United SION.. 190010 156,173,000 173,974;000 750,147,008
Total. I 1,127,597,000 528,202,000 1,1165,fi9,000ra°1 Whitaker's Almanaelc, 1910. 'Almanee de Gotha, Wto
The total annual thltary expenditures of the world approxiMate$2,230,000;000.
The cost of militarism in the whole world is nearly $4.000,000,000yearly in the time of'peacc. In time of actual war the waste is incal-culable. 'Well may Bastiat observe that, "War is an ogre who de-vours as much when he is asleep as when he is awake."
"0
39
.
.8
12 ' (, PEACE DAY.
THE COST OF ARMED PEACE.
Could the money which the Uniteti States expends annually formilitary defense lit used for education, the Sum would be sufficient toaccomplish the following
Toeestablish and maintain a great national university with anannual income of ten friiition dollars, which is three times as much asthe income of the wealthiest of the universities in this country;
To establish and maintain 'in each of the States a new universitywith an annual income of one million dollars;
To establish and maintain an average of one hundred new pliWichigh schools for each of the States, each school having an annill'in-come of twenty thousand 'dollars;
To establish and maintain an average of five new normal schoolsfor each of the States, each school hating an annual income of onehundred thousand dollars;
To establish and maintain an average of five new technologicalschools for each of the States, each school having an annual incomeof one hundred thousand dollars;
To establish and maintain an average of thirty new agricalturalschools for each of the States, each school having an annual incomeof fifteen thousand dollars;
To add one million dollars annually to the common school fund ofeach of the States;
To purchase textbooks for all pupils in all of the schools, public andprivate, in all of the States of the Union ;
To give.to each of the, States of the Union annually a quarter of amillion dollars for _public libraries.
At the present rate of expenditure the feiul countries of Germany,France, Great Britain, and the United States will spend in the next40 years, the life of one generation, for the support of armies andnavies an amount sufficient to build twenty million country and vil-
a lage houses at an average cost of two thousand five hundred dollarseach. With father, mother, and fouabchildren in each of. thesehouses they would furnish homes for one hundred and twenty mil-.lions of people, which is more than the total present population ofthese four countries livinkin villages and;the open countrY. Thusthe fear of war is Consuming the homes of Oil rural amid village popu-lation ofthesegreat nations in a singleigenefttion.
It is estimated that the total direct .trost of the armies and naviesof the world each year in time of peace is tivo and one-half billSondollars, wttich equals the total valuation of the wheat and corn cropsof the whole of the United States:
The total direct and indirect cost\ Of the military system of theworld, including interest on wa debt* pensions to soldiers, andvithe
PEACE DAY. 13
loss of time of men engaged in an occupation which produces nowealth is alrnost equal each year to the market value of all the cropsof all kinds grown in all the fields in all of the States of the Union.
-So much do we and so much does the world pay for what wouldbe unnecessary if all the nations would agree to arbitrate their dif-
,ferenqs and to live in peace and unselfish cooperation. The chil-dren in the schools of the world to-day can, if they will, bring aboutsuch a condition to-morrow and relieve the world of the great eviland desolation of war and of the greet and unnecessary burden ofarmed peace.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EIGHTEENTH OF MAY.
By Mrs. FA N FERN ANDREWS.
On the Eighteenth of May. 1,899, an event took place which willalways be- remembered as a landmark in the history of mankind.Unlike most of the world happenings. this occurrence affects equallyevery civilized nation on the globe, and it is necessary, therefore,that' everybody should, understand its meaning. The anniversaryof this event has already been observed in many countries, and, likeChristmas, the Eighteenth or May is destined to become a greatinternational day, which will proclaim good will among all men.
In August,,1898, people all over the world were surprised by alett4r which the Czar addressed to the nations that were represented
wat the Russian Court. This letter was an invitation to send delegatesto .a meeti'ng which should consider what could be done to keepnations from going to war with each other. The Czar stated in hisletter that, for the best welfare of the world, the nations ought to-restrict themselves in the spending of such enormous sums of money$lor armies and navies.
TIE CZAR'S PLAN FOR PEACE.
The Czar had been considering this matter .for some time. He,however, was not the only ruler who -had thought seriously aboutthis condition affairs, and his invitation to attend a peace con-ference met ith unanimous response. Every Government invitedaccepted, an this included all the nations 4 Europe, 20 in number,4 from Asia, and 2 in America, the United States and Mexico:
On account of the unique nature of the conference, the Czarthought it best not to hold it in the capital: of any one of the GreatPo4ers, wee so many political interests are centered. He felt thatthis. mijilif hinder the work in which all the countries of the worldwqrvalially interested. Holland was selected as the country,mo.
14 PEACE Ina.
admirably -adapted for such a meeting. It was announced to theGovernments that the Queen of the Netherlands would offer hospi-tality to the conference, and accordingly the Netherlands ministerof foreign affairs sent ,out a formal invitation to the Governmentsto meet at 'The H.akue.
Tut: YOUNO QUEEN'S INVITATION.
The young Queen, who was then only 18 years old, to show herappreciation of the honor .conferred on her country, and of the deepmeaning of the conference, placed at its disposal the most beautifuland historical building in fhe land. The conference was, therefore,held in the Ns:idily famed House in the Woods, formerly the summerresidence of the royal family, sit 'lifted in a very beautiful park abouta mile from the city.
This was a most remarkable gathertng, for.each nation had sent itsgreatest statesmen. Then, tub, it was the fit;sC time in the world'shistory that it peace conference had been held by the nations.
THE HOUSE IN THE WOODS.
When these one hundred delegates, representing 26 of the most important nations of the world, came together on the eighteenth of May,1899, it was that their meeting place should hesince they were destined to become thellistoric figures of a great eventin world affairs. The large ballroom, known as the Orange Gail, wasdesignated for the general meetings. The walls and dome of this hallare' covered with immense paintings. One of these, over the frontentrance, represents Peace descending from Heaven, and apparentlyentering the hall. M. de Beaufort, the honorary president of theconference, referred to this is his opening address, and expressed thehope that Peace, having entered the hall, would go forth to bless thewhole world. The other large rooms on the Main floor, handsomelyfurnished with beautiful Chinese and Japanese hangings, with thewalls and ceilings finely frescoed, were given uj to committees, intowhich the whole conference was divided. Upstairs, there was adining room, in which the Dutch Government served a ntost boun-teous lunch to the delegates everyworking day of the conference.
TOPICS DISCUSSED.
Baron de Staal, head of the Russian delegation, was appropriatelychosen president. Three main topics had been 'proposed for discus-sion, and these *ere assigned to three large committees. The firstwas in charge of the question of armaments. Thqugh the Czar hadcalled the conferencq, chiefly to consider how the nations might berelieved from spending Such vast sums of money for their armies.andnavies, the committee which had this matter in charge found that the
PEACE DAY. 15
Time had not yet come for deciding this burning question. The int-,tioni, they thought, must first agree not to go to war before they could,be induced to give up their implements of war. The committee,therefore, came to no positoive agreement. They unanimously ex-pressed the belief, however, that if the nations would stop spendingsuch a large part of their incomes for armaments it would be' a bles-sing ro mankind. This was greatly to be desired,, they said. Theyalso expressed the hope that the Governments would study this ques-tion, so that they might,9ome to some future agreement. The second*ommittee, that on the laws of war, adopted new rules which make waron land less barbarous and ektends the Red Cross to naval warfare.
CHOOSING AN UMPIRE.
The kex ,to the %%hole 'subject, and that which became the mostimportant part of the program, is how to end a dispute before warbegins. Many differences between nations have been settled withoutwar by calling in a third party, just, as an umpire on the ball fieldis called upon to decide which side is'in the right. Wouldn't, it lookridiculous if the two teams in a ball game should, every time a dis-puted point arose, stop the game and go to fighting 'to settle thematter? And how would it look to the spectators to see the advan-tage given to a side merely because it was stronger in the fist scram-
-ble? And' yet this is exactly whir nations do which go to war tosettle disputes. How stupid to think that might can settle echo isin the right.
WAR NO LONGER NECESSARY.
These great statesmen at The Hague, who composed the third com-mittee. recognized the folly of such it method of settling disputesand adopted a plan which encourages the nations to refer all theirdisputes to an umpire or arbiterin other words, to submit theirdifferences to -arbitration. In fact., the plan which this committeeadopted makes it absolutely unnecessary for nations to go to war.with each other in the future. What an important plan. To save
Z for the people of the world ove' $2,000,000,000 a year, not to speakof the suffering and misery whi war always, brings. In the nine-teenth century more than 14,000, able-bodied men were sacrificedin war.
The committee on arbitration divided its work into three parts.It .said, first, that if two .nation'; hive a dispute, serious enough tocause xvar,,they might call in Another nation or nation's who wouldview the matter with them in an impartial light. and thus try tobring about a friendly settlement. A further important statementwas madethat one or more powers, strangers to thd dispute, might,of their own_free will, -offer their assiAtre. provision, called
7 '111b16rigi.._
16 PEACE DAY.
"Special Mediation by Neutral Powers," certainly meant a gTektchange in the attitude of nations toward each other.
THE PEACE OF PORTSMOUTH.
Before this rul was adopted any offer on the part of any nationto intercede or inte vene between two powers at yakiance would havebeen considered an unfriendly Itct and would probably hare occa-sioned jealous distrust. We can see how important this provisionis by the action of President Roosevelt, who, during the war betweenRussia and Japan, invited these two powers to send delegates to ameeting ,which he hoped might bring about the end of one of themost terrible wars in history. During this conference, which washeld in Portsmouth, N. H.. and which ended in the Peace of Ports-mouth, the peoples of the world looked on with interest and sym-pathy and it was the common hope that war should cease.
The second part of the plan, which the committee on arbitrationadopted, stated that a useful method of avoiding war between nationsmight be to appoint committees composed of men from othercountries, which should inquire into the disputed case. Such com-mittees were called " International Commissions of Inquiry." For along time the delegates discussed this matter, and it seemed almost asif they would Thehowever, although it was stated that only those cases which hadnothing to do with the honor or essential interests of a nation wouldbe considered as coming under this rule.
THE " D000En RANK AFFAIR."
But six years after the conference adjourned.. this provision enaliledthe powers of Great Britain and Ilifssia to settle speedily and peace-fully a grave dispute which had arisen between them. When, duringthe Russian-Japanese war, the Russian fleet fired on the British fish-ing vessels, there was great excitement in England. Before 1899she might have plunged into war, .for her honor had been touched.Her citizens had been fired' on by a foreign fleet. But under thisrule of inquiry, England could honorably refer this matter to an in-vestigating committee. One was appointed, which proved that theRussian ship had mistaken the British fishing vessels for the Japanesefleet. The committee recommended that an indemnity of $350,000be paid by the Russian Government to the families of the English.fishermen. This was gladly done and both sides were satisfied withthe outcome of this unhappy occurrence. The "Dogger bank affair."as this was called, will always km regarded as an important event inworld affairs. ...r-
0
PEACE DAY. 17
IIA017E COURT OF ARBITRATION.
But the crowning glory of the Committee on Arbitration, and, in-need, of the first peace donference, was the establishment of a court<where nations in dispute could take their cases and have them tried,just as people living in'the various countries can refer their contro-versies to the courts for,liettlement. This court was to be the umpireor arbiter, and; therefore, it was called the International Court ofArbitration. Since this is situated at The Hague. it is sometimescalled The Hague Court of Arbitration. The important* of thiscourt was well understood by those fur - sighted statesmen, whoadopted every measure possible which could make the court useful tonations. They passed a rule saying that it was the duty of eachpower to remind disputants that the court. existed. This has wellproved its worth, for since it. was opened in April, 1901, eleven im-portant cases of international controversy, representing nearly everygreat nation 'of t world, have been settled by its judges. The.kmerican people lik to ember that it was the United States andMexico that took the case there.
TIIE HAGUE PALACE OF PEACE.
The future headquarters of the International Court. of Arbitrationis situated on the avenue leading from The Hague to Scheveningen.At present. the passer-by sees nothing but a great forest of scaffold-ing. which is to be seen on the teft, a little distance from thelgroad.'Among the scaffold poles, however, is rising the Palace of Peace,toward the erection and maintenance of which Mr. Andrew Car-negie gave the Netherlands Government the sum of $1,500,000. Thecorner stone of this building was laid at the time of the second Hagueconference in 1907. e
The use of this court has convinced the nations more and morethat arbitration, is the only sane and sensible way of settling inter-national difficulties, and since the first. Hague conference over a,hundred agreements have been made between nations to submit cer-tain classes of disputes to arhitratiop. Thirty-six nations have thusexpressed their desire to use the court, while the United States is aparty tolwenty-five of these treaties.
4GISTS OF THE NATIONS.
All c9untries are contributing to the adornment of the palace.Great Britain gives the four stained-glass windrows of the GreatCourt; France a picture by Besnard for this court, and Gobelinstapestries, designed by Luc 0. Mercon, for the small; the Dutch Gov -'ernment a collection of paintings, by FerdMand Bol, for a roomover the Small Court and seven stained-glass windows for the stair-case; Germany the monumental entrance gates to the gromills; Italy
aner-12-8
,
18 PEACE PAY,
part of the marble-for the corridor; Austria the bronze and crystalcandelabra; Norway the granite for the entrance slopes; Sweden,granite for the basement and certain columns; Denmark the porce-lain for tfountain itr the courtyard ; Switzerland the works of theclocks; Russia a jasper vase, over 11 feet high, for the central hall;the United States a large marble group representing the purpose ofthe building, "Peace through Justice," for the fhtst landing of thestaircase; Mexico, onyx for the staircase; Belgium (probably) thebronze doors of the building; and Japan' some gold-embroideredtapestries for the ,room of the administrative council, which is pan-eled in wood from Brazil.
Tie laying out of the grounds, which will contribute much to thebeauties of the palace; will be in the hands of Mr. Thomas H.Mawson, of London, whyse design shows a judicious blending offormal vistas with the natural beauties of the wood.
THE ARBITRATION TREATIES NEGOTIATED BY TUE UNITED STATES WITHGREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE.
The arbitration treaties negotiated by the United States withGreat Britain and France enlarge the field of arbitrable subject;embraced in the treaties ratified by the three Governments in 190S.The treaties provide for reference to The Hague. or a similar tri-bunal, questions which have heretofore beenkfrentirely to diplo-matic negotiation. They provide for the creation of a Joint HighCommission, to which shall be referred any controverAy between thisGovernment, on the one hand, and- Great Britain or France, on theother, before such controversy has been submitted to an arbitral bodyfrom which there is no appeal. Moreover, the treaties prbvide thatreference of a controversy to the Joint high Commission may bedeferred for one year, thus allowing diplomatic adjustment withoutan appeal to the commission.
The Joint High Commission, according to the treaties, consists ofthree representatives from eazh. Government concerned in the dis-pute. The commission is empowered_tauort to the respective Gov-ernments its recommendations and conclusions, and then the matteris ready for final arbitration. The Senate of the United States,concurring with the President, has the power to determine for thiscountry if the case shall go to The Hague Court.. Thus, under thesetreaties, the United States may go directly to the Court of Arbitra-tion at The Hague or to ,the joint High Commission. The report ofthis commission is not binding, except where opinions differ is towhether or not lye question at issue is subject to.arbitration underthe first article' of the treaties. If such is the case, five out of sixnembe,rs of the commission Must so decide and the verdict is conclu-t;i4upoi bothfilavernments.
PEACE DAY. 19
THE BECONII PEACE CONFERENCE.
The results of the first peat conferetice are far greater than theworld ever dreamed of. And perhaps the greatest result of all wasthe calling of a second peace congress, which was held in 1907, andwhielt included practically all the nations of the world.
Fourteen* decisions were agreed upon by this conference, but themost important was the one which concerned the Hague Court. Thisworld umpire, situated at The Hague, had shown its ability to settle:'ay dispute that might arise between nations; but the second peaceconference made this doubly ensured. These statesmen decided that,in case of a conflict between two powers, either of them might go tothe court and ask to have the difference settled, even tough the otherwere unwilling to have the case referred. This was indeed a greatimprovement over the rule made by the first peace conference, whichcoaqielled both nations to agree to submit their difference to thecourt before it could be tried. Our Am'erican delegates at TheHague, who brought this matter up, believed that no nations wouldrefuse to allow the case to go before the. court when the request ofthe other was thus made public to the whole world.
A SUPREME COURT OF THE WORLD.
Our American delegates in the second Hague conference urged verystrongly the establishment of a permanent international court, whichshould be to the nations of the world what our Supreme Court is tothe States of the United StatM4, Eight years before, at the first peacemnference.The delegates thought that it would he perfectlf, imprac-ticable to have such a court, but this conference decided unanimouslythat it was not only practicable but very desirable. Everything-was..4.,,reed upon which should pal«, the court a reality except the methodof selecting judges. This matter will undoubtedly be settled, beforelong. As Ambassador Choate .and Secretary Hay said in 'their 're-port to the United States. Government, " a little time, a little patience,and the great work is accomplished."
THE THIRD PEACE CONFERENCE.
Perhaps the greatestits
which the second peace orferencegave to the world was its decision in favor of holding regular conferaiCOCC.S. This not only laid the foundation for a Parliament of thWNations, which has been the dream of poets and statesmen for thepast three centuries, but, by its vote providing for a third conference,it has really started the most important institution in promoting thepeace of the world. It was Secretary Root who first proposed thatthe second conference should arrange for the holding of regular onesin the future, and as the vote was 'Owed, a third peace conferencewill probably convene in the summer of.1915..
20 PEACE DA,le
TIE HAGUE TRIBUNAL.
"AirmisisTRATivt
President-The minister of forei* affairs of the Netherlands.Nfembet-s-The liplomatie representatives of the signatory powers
accredited to The Vague.
711 ENIIIFIRS OF THE COURT.
The court consists of a panel of 130 eminent jurists appointed by40 sovereign countries. each country appointing front one to fourmembers. The judges in any given case are selected from this list.
members front the United StAtes are-John W. Griggs, foriverly Attorney General of the United States.George Gray. United States Circuit Judge, formerly United State,
/Senator.Oscar S. Straus, formerly Secretary of Commerce and Labor, am-
bassador extraordinary and plenipotentialy at Constantinople.The countries represented are-1. Argentina. rt. Germany. 29. Portugal.
Austria Hungary. 111. Great Britain. 30. Roumania.3. Belgitm. 17. Greece. 31. Russia.,4. Bolivia. 18. Guatemala. 32. Salvador.5. Brazil. W. 1Iayti. 33. Servia.6. Bulgatia. 20. I lollondt 34. Spain.7. Chile. -21. Italy. 35. Sweden.8. China. 22. Japan. 30. Switzerland.9. Colombia. 23. Luxemburg. :17. Turkey.
10. Cuba. '24. Nlexi,..!o. 38. United States.11. Denmark. 25. Nicaragua. 39. Uruguay.12. Dominican Republic. 20. Norway. 40. Venezuela.
Ecuador. 27. Peru...,14. France. 28. Versia.
THP NOBEL COMMITTEE.
The Nobel Committee consists of five members of the NorwegianParliament, and this committejydeterminai each year who shallreceive the forty-thousand-dollar prize left by the will, of AlfredNobel, the inventor of dynamite, to be given to the man or womanwho has done the most for pence during the year. The award is madeeach year on December 10, the date of the founder's death. The prizewinners thus far are:
1901-Henri D,tnant, Swiss, and Frederic Passy,French.1902-E. Ducommun and A. Gant, both Swiss.
PEACH DAY. 21
1903W. R. Cremer, English.41), 1901The. Institution of International Law, the first award to
an /institution.'1905Baroness von Stabler, Austrian.190(1 President. Theodore Roosevelt, American.1907Ernesto Teodoro Moneta. Italian. and Louis: Renault,
French.1908K. P. Arnoldson. Swede, and M. F. Bajer, Dane.1909Baron d'Esbairnelles de Constant, French. and Auguste
Beernaert , Belgian.1910The International Peace Bureau, at Berne.1911Tobias Michael Carol Asset.. Belgian. and Alfred Fried,
Austrian.
THE INTERPARLIAMENTARY UNION.
The Interparliamentary Union was founded in 1SAS by the Englishcarpenter. William Randall Cremer. since crowned. with the Nobel'peace prize. It is op en.to all men john have been membeis of nationalparliaments. It deals primarily with questions of international lawand peace. It has met almost every year since it was founded, andits proceedings have ever lx'en a source of inspiration to the worldstatesman and peace advocate. It is responsible. directly or indi-rectly, for the calling of both the first and second Hague conferences.It now has a mwnhership of some three thousand ; and when it isremembered that there are only about fifteen thousand legislators whosit in the national parliaments of the world, it is seen that already onin every five is &mmitted to the peace idea. Should the union granywhere near so fast in the future as it has grown in the past, it willnot be 11..3;ery long time before the nations can, if they ddire, actuallyvote peltrP on earth. Over two hundred members of the UnitedStates Congress are now represented in the Interparliamentary-Union, and Mr. Richard Bartholdt, of Missouri, is chairman of theAmerican group. HAMILTON Irma., in The World's Work, March,1911.
0
THE CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONALPEACE: '
Through the great benefaction of Mr. Andrew Carnegie, who hastransferred to a board of trustees kinds valued at $11,500,000 as apermanent fund for the promotion of peace, the'world has now in itspossession a powerful engine for the'accomplishment of world peace.This endowment furnishes the means for a systematic effort to reachthe public opinion of the world by scientific argument and exposition.
J
PEACE DAY.
The trustees of the endowment are to carry on their work in threedivisions: International Jaw, Economics and history, and Intercourseand education. These three divisions represent the juristic, the eco-nomic, and the educational aspects of the problem: -The division ofinternational law is under the direction of James Brown Scott ; thesecond division under .John Bates Clark, of Colmnbia University;and the thirdhas, as acting director,-Nicholas Murray Butler.
*
EDUCATIONAL WORK FOR PEACE.
At the Mohonk Conference of 1905 Dr. Daniel C. Gilman initiateda movement for thejintroduction of peace propaganda into colleges.and universities. At the conference of that year a committee inrcol-leges and universities was appointed, of which Benjamin Ide Wheeler,E. A. Alderman, James B. Angell, Seth Low, L. Clark N.Aeelye, andAndrew D. White are members. The correspondence with-collegeshas been carried on'by H. C. Phillips, corresponding secretary of theMohonk Conference. Through the influence of this committee, over250 colleges and universities are observing Peace Day, several aregiving special lectures on the peace* movement. and many havearranged for debates and oratorical contests on the subject.
The Intercollegiate' Peace Association, due, to the initiative ofPresident Byers, of Goshen College, and Prof. Russell, of EarlhinnCollege, is composed of represefitatives of about 70 colleges and uni-versities of the Middle West," united for the promotion of organizedactivities among' the students and educators in support of the inter-national arbitration and' peace movement." The main work of theassociation i.ensists of intercollegiate and interstate oratorical contestsfor prizes upon objects representing different phases of theNtiestionof international peace.
very important movement is 'that represented by the NationalAssociation, of Cosmopolitan Clubs, which had its beginning in 1903at the University of Wisconsin. At that time an International Club,composed of 16 foreign and 2 native students, was formed. In 1001the National Association of Cosmopolitan Clubs 'was organized forthe purpose of " bringing cltiser together Alen fr.Oni different countriesto learn the customs, viewpoints, and characteristics of other nation-alities, to remove national prejudices, and to establish internationalfriendships." To-day there are over 30 of these clubs, representingas many colleges. In these clubs the membership consists of not morethan one-half American ..Udente, and in some cases 20 or more nationsire represented in the foreign membership.
The American School Peace League was the, outcome of the FirstNational 'Peace Congress,Ield in New.York in.1907. At this con-gress a young people's meeting was field, comanstmg of about five
-
PEACE DAY. 28
thousand delegatesfro the public andprivate schools of New. YorkCity. William H. Maxwell presided, and addresses were made byBaron d'Estournelles de Constant; of the French Semite; Wi lliath T.:Stead, of London; William. II. Maxwell, and Nathan C. Schaeffer:At the close of the meeting a. committee was appointed to work out.a. plan to interest teac,ilers in'the general international -novernent.The final result. of the committee's action was the American SchoolPeace League, which was organized in 1908. Its aim is "to promote.through the schools and the educational public of America, the inter-ests of international justice and fraternity."
The league is organized on tht basis of State branches, numbering .
28, which hold their annual meetings at the time of the conventionsof the State teachers' associations. In some of the StateS brancheshave been formed in high and normal stlools and colleges. Thesebranches usually hold their annual meetings near the Eighteenth of6
May, and in` many cases provide the program for the Eighteenth ofMay observance.
The following is the plan for State branclytwork adoptedipy theexecutive committee of the league:
1. To reach all educational gatherings and slimmer schools of theState with good speakers and the distribution of literature.
2. To reach the educational and daily press of the State, and tosupply school papers with interesting articles.
3. To place peace literature-in public, school, college, and travelinglibraries; tojencourage the organization of study circles for the pur-pose of working out practical kelps for teachers; to include peaceliterature in study-circle lists. IF
c4. To encourage superintendents to make history courses which
shall have a broad adff sympathetic world outlook.5. To proculy the observance of the Eighteenth of May.6. To encourage the organization of branch leagues in high and
normal schools.. 7. To encourage orations and essays on international peace.. The interest in the prutnotion of the ideas of the league is not
confined to this country.. Ministers of education anci prominent edu-cators in most of the countries of Europe have indorsed the plansoutlined in the leag 's activities and have expressed willingness tocooperate in a world wide plan for developing international standardsin teaching, especia y the subject of history. The league has beenactive during the past two years in organizing an International Ea-rational Council; and, resulting from the two European visits of thesecretary, two representatives of the'council have been secured in 12different countries. The internationakezchange between the Britishteachers' association s and the National Education Association is kstriking example of the trend of educational thought* In 'fulfilling.
24 . PEACE DAY. _
the purpose of the resolution passed by the National Educalio'n Asso-ciation last July, the secretary of the league was received by thevarious $eachers' associations of Great Britain last autumn and mewith the unanimous support of the project fpr an internationalcouncil. Michael Sadler, former secretiry, of the board of education,and Sir James Yoxall, secretary of the National Union of Teachersof Great Britain and Ireland, are the two representatives from GreatBritain. All cooperation. then, in this direction is a part of a world-wide plan for promoting international friendliness.
The method of the league is to secure the interest of teachers inthe broad idea of international good will, and to stimulate their studyof the events in world politics which affect the political status of theUnited States in international affairs. All this is founded on a deep-rooted sentiment against the ineffectiveness and the unreasonablenessof war in settling internaponal difficulties, and on the substitution ofjudicial procedure. Thik, in turn, has developed a new point ofview in the interpretation of historical events, which places the em-phasis in history teaching on the causes and results of wars ratherthan on the details of battles and military campaigns, and on thesocial and industrial conditions of life. It 15 this kind of teachingin the schools which the league, through its committee on teachinghistory, is urging. The second paragraph of the resolution whichMiss Kate Stevens brought from the Teachers' Guild of Great Britainand Ireland expresses very well the principles of the American SchoolPeace League in reference to teaching history:
The counePl are convinced that teachers have more opportunities than anyother persons of promoting and developing in the young the sense of brother-hood in the human race. toward which the United States aid Great Britainare working, through the teaching of history, and look forward with muchhope to the early coming of the time when, in all countries, the- fostering ofpatriotism will be combined with the inculcation of a broad and sympatheticworld outlook in the history lettson. In such a way only can the desirablespirit be generally diffused through all civilized peoples.
The league is also of theeopinion that children old enough to studyhistory should be taught the events connected with the two Hagueconferences. These repre.4ent the initiation of official internationalagreements, leading specifically toward international conciliation.The principles which prompted and governed these, congresses haveso impressed themselves upon the social, economic, and political lifeof nations that from now on they must form an integral part of theeducation of the people. It is logical, therefore, that the course ofstudy should include the teaching of these events which are reallyaffecting the life for which-the schools are preparing. The leaguetherefore urges the observance in the *hods by appropriate exer--eisea, of the anniversary of the opening of the First Hague Confer-
-
./ PEACE DAY. 25
once (the Eighteenth of May) as a particularly fitting time for suchteaching. This is especially desirable, since the Eighteenth of Mayis now observed by many organizations and institutions all over theworld.
RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY NATIONAL EDUCATIONASSOCIATION.
San Francisco, July, 1911.
The very material advance made in the cause of world peace duringthe past year encourages the National Education Association to urgea more widespread dissemination of knowledge upon this vital sub-ject. We commend the American School Peace League as a channelthrough which teachers may procure such knowledge, together withsuggestions foriits presentation. The league has done excellent workin collecting and organizing material which appeals both to childrenand to adults; the accuracy of its statements is not questioned; itsarguments are sound. The proposal to establish a world tribunal tofill the place of an international court for civilized nvions is worthyof commendation and should have the earnest support \of all teachers.
*
The National Education Association expresses its heartiest recog-nition of greetings borne to its members by Miss Kate Stevens, headmistress of the Montem Street Central Council School, London ;"fromthe Teachers' Guild of Great Britain and Ireland; from the NationalUnion of Teachers; from the London Teachers' Association; fromthe London Head Teachers' Association; and from the Chilli StudySociety of England.
The members of- the association return in kind these' cordial pro-fessional greetings, and join with their fellow-teachers of GreatBritain and Ireland in the wishes expressed for the promotion ofinternational good will and the early establishment of agencies forthe settlIment of international difficulties by arbitration. Further,we do hey accredit Mrs. Fannie Fern Andrews, of Boston, Mass.,secretary of the American School Peace League, as the delegate repre-sentative of the National Education Associatibn to bear our returngreetings to the organizations whose. greetings Miss Stevens \hasbrought to us.
p
26 ' PEACE DAY.
PEACE PRIZE CONTEST.
Under the auspices of
TI1E I.:RICAN Sc11001. PEACE LEAGUE.
Open to pupils of all countries.Two sets of prizes, to be known as the Senlmry prizes. are offered for the
hest essays on one of the following subjects:1. The opportunity and duty of the xeln;ols in the international peace nrr WI
merit. Open to seniors in the normal schools of the United States.2. The significance of the tiro Hague Pence Conferences. Open to seniors in
the secondary schools of the United States.Three prizes of seventy-tive, fifty, and twenty-five dollars will Is. given for
the three best essays iu both sets.This contest IR open for the year 1912 to the pupils of the secondary and
normal schools in all countries.
AMERICAN JUDOER.
David Starr Jordan. President ',Omni Stanford Junior University. lek,Ail.-57,..i.
. Randall J. Condon, superintendent of schools. Providence. R. 1.Miss Edith C. Westcott, principal Western High Sclux)1*. Washington, D. C.Miss Anna J. McKeng. professor 'of education, Wellesley College, Wellesley.
Mass. t
E. C. Warriner, superintendent of schools,.naginaw, Mieli.Ebenezer Mackey. superintendent of schools. Trenton, N..1.William H. E1R011, former superintendent of schools. Cleveland, Ohio.L. J. Abbott, department of American history, Central Slate Normal School,
Edmond, Okla.Charles E. Chndseyi superintendent of schools, Denver. Colo.Endicott Peabody. bead master Groton School, Groton, Mass.
1 EUROPEAN JUDGER.
Henri EaFontal EIL. senator of Belgium. Brussels. professor of Internationallaw, president of the International Peace Bureau at Berne.
Ferdinand But n, member' 6-f the Chamber of Deputies, Paris, honoraryprofessorat the U lversity of Paris, honorary director of primnry education tothe minister of pt lic Instruction. Paris.
Kirchenrat Kro er, Stuttgart. Germany. .,Count Angelo de Gubernatis. professor at the rniversit# of Rome, Italy.Emile Arnaud, sident of the International League of Peace and Liberty.
vice president of tb International Peace Bureau, president of the InternationalEducational Conlin' : -lou of the Universal PenCe Congress, ',marches. France.
Contest closes 31 eh I, 1912 -
Essays must not edesirable), and miltpaper, 8 by 10 Inceasily legible will
CONDITIONS OF THE. CONTEST.
ceed 4%000 words (a length of 3,000 words is suggested RRbe written, preferably in typewriting, on one stile only of
)th ji margin of at leost If inches. Manuscripts notet *.considered.
PEACE DAY. 27'The name of the writer must not appear ion the essay, which should be ac-
companied by a letter giving the writer's name. school, and. home address, andsent to Mrs. Fannie Fern Andrews, secretary American School Peace League, 495Marlborough Street, Boston. Maas., not later than March 1, 1912. Essays
be mailed Ila,t (not rolled). . -
The award of the prizes will be made at the annual meeting of the league inJuly, 1912. .
Information concerning literature on the subject may be obtained friNII thesecretnry.
In 11111 115 essays were handed in trot' 2 States. The winners of the prizesfollow :
5011 \1 Al. ESSAYS.
First primMatilda Singer. Plainfield. N. J.Second prizeInez P. Buxton. Plattsburg, N. 1 ".Third prizeHeniall Peasley, Wis.
SECONDARY ESSAYS.
First primHarold A. Swank. Altoona, Pa/Second prizeLouise Farrar Pennell, Seadle, Wash.Third prizeTully Stallard, Greenacres, Nash.In addition to the above, the Lake Mohonk Conference on International
Arbltratian announced two sets of prizes to be awarded for similar work.These are as follows:
1. A first prize of $200 and a second prize of $100 for the best essays on"International women students of any college oruniversity in the United States.
2. A prize of $1(10 for the best essay on " Intemmtional Arbitration," by annotierzraduate man student of any college or university of the United Statesor Canada.
information concerning the conditions of the contest may Is obtainedfrom the tierentry of the conference, I.ake Nlittibnk, N. V.
1
CO
UR
SE O
F 'S
TU
DY
IN
GO
OD
_W
ILL
.(A
ttune
d by
the
com
mitt
ee o
n m
etho
ds o
f th
e M
assa
chus
etts
bra
nch
of th
e A
mer
ican
Sch
ool P
eace
',agi
le.]
Subj
ects
for
the
year
.G
rade
I, c
ompa
n-is
and
pets
.G
rade
II,
hom
elif
e.G
rade
III
, sch
ool
and
play
tim
e.G
rade
IV
, our
tow
n or
City
.G
rade
V, o
urco
untr
y.G
rade
VI,
goo
del
tiren
shIp
.G
rade
VII
, the
wor
ld f
amily
.O
racl
e V
III,
the
larg
er p
atri
otis
m.
. Sep
tem
ber
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Dec
embe
r
Janu
ary
Febr
uary
Mat
ch
Apr
iL
May
lane
Kin
dnes
s to
pla
y-m
ates
.
Kin
dnes
s to
ani
-m
als.
Res
pons
ibili
ty f
orcl
eanl
ines
s an
dca
re.
T h
eC
hris
tmas
spir
it.Fa
ithfu
lnes
s
Kin
dnes
s of
gre
atm
en.
Gen
eros
ity
Kin
dnes
s 'o
w-
ner.
Qua
rrel
ing
and
mak
ing
peac
e.Pr
otec
tion
and
care
ofpl
ants
and
flow
ers.
Hel
pful
ness
Obe
dien
ce
Tru
stw
orth
l nes
sIn
wor
k.
Gra
titud
e
Oth
er h
omes
than
Chi
ldho
od o
f gr
eat
men
.
Kee
ping
you
rw
ord.
Hel
pful
ness
to th
eol
d an
d fe
eble
._
Peac
e am
ong/
the
child
ren.
The
gol
den
lie
Loy
alty
Pers
ever
ance
Way
s of
ser
vice
.
Hos
pita
lity
Res
pect
for
au-
thor
ity.
Fair
pla
y
Goo
d w
ork
Che
er4d
Ines
stin
-de
r de
feat
and
failu
re.
Peac
e In
the
play
-gr
ound
.
Wor
king
toge
ther
.'
The
Inf
luen
ce o
fth
e ho
me.
The
infl
uenc
e of
the
scho
ol.
The
car
e of
pub
-lic
pro
pert
y.
The
fir
eman
and
polle
em e
n.Pu
blic
hea
lth
Obe
dien
ce to
eon
s-to
unity
law
s.
Loy
alty
to p
ublic
Goo
d w
ill a
mon
gro
mm
uniti
es.
Goo
d w
ill a
mon
gal
l cla
sses
of
clt-
floi
zw'n
enw
eou
r co
mm
unity
.
Her
oic
virt
ues
ofea
rly
eetti
erg
The
con
trib
utio
nof
eac
h ra
re to
Am
eric
an li
fe.
Gov
ernm
ent
byth
e pe
ople
.
The
mea
ning
of
EPl
ueib
us e
num
.T
he r
espo
nsib
ility
of e
ach
citiz
en.
Our
gre
at s
tate
s -
men
.
Soci
al s
ervi
ce..
*..
Patr
iotis
m ..
Frre
ndsh
lps
with
othe
r na
tions
.
How
can
we
serv
eou
r no
un tr
y.
Sym
path
yan
d-ce
urte
sy.
Hon
esty
Cou
rage
to o
ver-
.co
me
diff
icul
-tie
s.L
oyal
ty to
trut
hD
evot
ion
Sell-
cont
rol
Reg
ard
for
civi
l-be
auty
.
Eve
ryda
y he
lroe
s.
Her
oes
or p
eace
...
The
wor
king
mem
bers
of
so-
ciet
y.
Nat
iona
l cha
rac-
teri
stic
s.
Nat
iona
l fla
gs a
ndso
ngs.
Whe
oth
er n
a-tio
ns h
ave
give
nto
us.
Eac
h na
tion'
s gi
ftto
the
wor
ld.
Nat
iona
lph
ilan-
thro
py.
,
Frie
ndlin
ess
amon
gA
mer
i-ca
n R
epub
lics.
Nat
iona
l hon
or...
Just
ice
and
hono
rbe
twee
n na
-tio
ns.
The
Hag
ue c
on-
fere
nces
.
(fur
oblig
atio
nsto
Oth
er n
atio
ns
Intr
dnue
tun
done
e
Con
serv
atio
nof
life,
hea
lth, a
ndna
tura
lre
-so
urce
s.E
ffec
ts o
f w
ar b
e-tw
een
natio
ns.
Mor
alsu
bstit
utes
for
war
.M
en w
ho h
ave
eon-
)11
trib
uted
to th
epr
ogre
ss o
f ci
vil -
izat
ion.
Wor
ldco
ngre
sses
tad
an d
con
fer
ence
s.
Gro
wth
of
law
as
anag
ency
for
prom
otin
g go
odw
ill.
Tre
atie
s an
d ar
bi-
ttat i
on.
Peac
ean
dgo
odw
ill th
roug
h fe
d-er
atio
nT
he u
nite
d w
orld
.
PEACE DAY. 29
CURRENT LITERATURE IN THE STUDY OF THE INTER-NATIONAL PEACE MOyEMENT.
Literature may be obtained from the aasocintiona given below :World Peace Foundation, 29A Beacon Street, Boston, Mats.American Assoultion for International Conciliation, Substation 84, New
York City.American Peace Society, 313-314 Colorado Building, Washington. D. C.Maryland Peace Society, 193 Park Avenue, Baltimore, Md.American School Peace League. 405 Marlborough Street, Boston. iass.
4111'
VEAL CAIN.Old Tubal Cain was a man of might,
In the days when earth was young:By the fierce red light of his furnace bright,
The strokes of his hammer rung;And he lifted high 'his brawny hand
On the iron glowing clear.Till the sharks rushed out in scarlet showers.
As he fashioned the sword and spear.And he sang" Hurrah for my handiwork !
Hurrah for the spear and navord!Hurrah for the hand that shall wield them well.
For he shall be king and lord!"
To Tubal Cain came many a one,As he wrought by his roaring tire.
And each one prayed for a strong steel blade.As the crown of his desire;
And he made them weapons sharp and strong.Till they shonted loud fora glee ;
And they gave him gifts of pearls and gold.And spoils of the forest free.
And they sang " Hurrah for Tubal Cain,Who bath given us strength anew!
Hurrah for the smith, hurrah for the tire,And hurrah for the metal true!"
Rut a sudden change came o'er his heart,Fire the setting of the sun;
And Tubal Onin wallilled with pain.For the evil he had done;
He saw that men, with rage and hate,Made war upon their kind.
That the land was red with the blood they shed,In their hist for carnage blind.
And he said, "Alas! that I ever made.Or thpt skill of mine should plan,
The spear and the sword for men whose joyIs to slay their fellow-man l"
- $0
I
PEACE DAY.
etAnd for many a day old Tubal Cain
Sat brooding o'er bitti woe;And his band forehore to smite the ore,
And his furnace smoldered low.But he rose at last with a cheerful face,
And a bright courageous eye,And bared his strong right arm for work,
While the quick flames mounted high.And he "Hurrah for my handiwork !"
And the red sparks lit the air;" Not alone for the blade was the bright steel made,"
And he fashioned the first plowshare.
And men. taught wisdom from the mast.In friendship Joined their hands:
Hung the sword in the hall, the spear On the wall.And plowed the willing lands:
And sang--." Hurrah for Tubal Cain!Our staunch good friend Is he:
And for the plowshare and the plow,To hint our praise shall he."
-CHARLES MACKAY.
A VISION OF THE FUTURE.
For I dipt into the future. fa4 es human eye could see.Saw the vision of the world, and till the wonder that would be;
Saw the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails,Pilots of purple twilight, dropping down their costly bales;
Beard the heavens fill with shouting. and Ihererained a ghastly dewFrom the nation's airy navies grappling in tie -entraI blue;
nr along the world-wide whisper of the south wind rushing 'warm,it the standards of the peoples plunging thro' the thunder-storm;
Till war-drum throbli'd no longer, and the tiattle-flags werequrl'dIn the Parliament of man, the Feder:1110s of the world.
There the nonunion sense of most shall hold a fretful realm in awe.And the kindly earth shiull slumber, lapt In universal law.
Locks ley Hall. Ai.EttED TENNYSON.
THE ARSENAL AT SPRINGFIELD.
This Is the Arsenal. From floor to ceiling,Like a huge organ, rise the burnished arms;
But from their silent pipes no anthem pealingStartles the village with strange alarms.
AL! what a sound will rise, how wild and dreary,When the death-angel touches those swift keys;
What loud lament and diamat'lliserereWill mingle With theit awful symphonies.
PEACE' DAY.
I hear even now the infinite fierce chorus,The cries of agont. the endless groan,
Which, through he ages that have gone before, us,In long reverberations reach our 0-11.
Is it, 0 man, with such discordant noise:With such accursed instruments as these.
Thou drownest, Nature's sweet and kindly t ices,And jarrest the celestial harmonies?
AV re half the powei-thitt fills the world with terror.Were half the wealth bestowed on camps and courts,
Given to redeem the human mind from error,There were no need of arsenals or forts.
81
The warrior's name WOUM be a name abhorred!And every nation that should lift-again
Its hand against a broth , foreheadWould wear forevermore the cu se of Cain!
Down the dark future, through long generations,The echoing sounds grow fainter and then muse:
And like a bell, with solemn, sweet vibrations,I hear once more the voice of Christ say. "Peace!"
Peace! and no longer from Its brazen portalsThe blast of War's great organ shakes the skies!
lint beautiful as songs of the immortals.The holy melodies of love arise.
NRY W. LoNi.t-ELLow.
Pet tfr, put off yo r tuna, ye kings, and licit your brands to dust,A surer grasp you hands must know, your hearts n better frost:Nay. bend obit( the lance's pilint, and break the helmet bar.A noise is lu the mording's winds. but not the noise of war.Among the grassy 11 $$$$ Main paths the glittering (roots' increaseThey conic! They come!how bilr their feet !--they. (Intl pnhlish Pellet'Yea. Victory! fair Victory! our enemies, and ours,And all the clouds are (hist)ed in light, and all the earth with flowers.Alt! still depressed and dim wfth dew, but ye: II little while.And radiant with the deathless rose the wilderness shall smile,And every tender living thing shall feed by Streams of rest,Nor lamb from the fold be lost, nor nursling from the nest.
JOIIN RUSKIN.
32 PEACE DAY.
A HYMN OF PEACE.
(May be sung to the music of Kellar's American Ilymn.. it woes sung to thismusic at the " Jubilee," June 15,"1S(10.)
Angel of Peace thou host wandered too long:Sprend thy white wings to the unshine of love!
Come while our voices are blended In song,Fly to our ark like the storm-heaten dove!
Fly to our ark on the wings of the dove.Speed o'er the fur-sounding billows of song.
Crowned with olive -leaf garland of love,Angel of Peace, thou has waited too long!
Joyous we meet on this altar of thine,Mingling the gifts we have gathered for tis%
Sweet with the odors of myrtle add pine.Breeze of the prairie and breath of the sea:
Meadow and mountain aml forest and seaSweet is the fragrance of myrtle and pine.
Sweeter the incense we offer to thee,Brothers, once more this nIttir of thine!
Angels of IlethlehPm, answer the strain!Hark! a new birth-song is tilling the sky!
Loud as the storm-wind that tumbles the mainBid the full breadth of the organ reply:-
Let the loud tempest of voices replyItt;11 Its long surge like the earth-shaking main,
Swell the vast song till it mounts to the sky!Angels of Bethlehem, echo the strain!
01.1yEs WENnEt.t. HOLM E8.
HEROES IN TIME OF PEACE.'Tway said ; ' When roar of drutp and battle's roarShall cease upon the earth. O. then no moreThe deed, the race of herloes in the hind."But scarce that word was breathed when one small handLifted victorious o'er a giant wrongThat had its victims crushed through ages long;Some woman set her pale and quivering face.Firm as a rock, against n man's disgrace;A little child suffered In silence lestIlls savage pain should wound n monier's breast;Some quiet scholar flung his gauntlet downAnd risked, In Truth's great new, the synod's frown:A civic hero, In the calm realni of lawsDid that which suddenly drew a world's applause;And one to the pest his lithe yoting body gaveThat he a thousand thousand Hies might save.
.ads.
S
Selected.
PEACE DAY.
Ilk
Top BETTER WAY.
Who serves hiscountr best?Nvt he who, for a brief and stormy space.Leads forth her armies to the fierce affray.Short is the time of turmoil and unrest.Long years of peace succeed it and replace:
Viere is it better way.
Who serve's his country-,hest?Not he who guides her senates lu debate,And makes the laws which are her prop and stay;'Not he who wears the poet's purple vestAnd sings her songs of love and grief and fate:
There is a better way. s
Ile servet, his country bestWho joins the tide that lifts her nobly on,/ For speech 'hits( myriad tongues for every dayAnd song but one; and law within the breastIs stronger than the graven law du stone:
Thisis a better way.
He serves his country testWho lives pure life, and doeth righteous deed.And walks straight. pathshoweverddhers stfayAnd leaves his sops as uttermost bequestA stainless record which all men may read:
This Is the better way.
No drop but serves the slowly lifting tide.No dew but -hits an errand to some flower.No smallest star but shedA some lierni ray,And mat by man, each giving to al the rest.llelakes the firm bulwark of the country's power :
There is no better way.
When earth as on some evil dreams,Looks back upon her wars,
And the white light of Christ outstresms,From the red disk of Mars,
His fame who led the stormy vanOf battle well may cease,
But never that which crowns the man.Whose victory Is peace.
.88
r.
StsAN Coot.ttmE.
k/
JOHN GREENLEAF 1Vin 171111.
84 PEACE DAY.
THE FATHERLAND.
Where is the true man's fatherland?Is It where he by chance is born?Both not the yearning spirit scorn
In such scant borders to be spanned?Oh yes! his fatherland must beAs the blue heaven wide and free!Is II atone where freedom is,
Where (Mil is God and man is man?Didli he nut chili a broader span
theIle solll's love of home than this?Oh yes! his fatherland must beAs the blue heaven wide and free!
Where era limmui heart (loth wearJoy's myrtle-wreath or sorrow's ayes,Where'er at human spirit strives
After n life wore true and fair,There Is the true man's birthplace grand,His Is 31 world -wide fatherland!
Where'er a single slave doth pine,Where'er one man may help anotherThituk God for such a birthright. brother
That spot of earth Is thIne and mine!There is the true man's birthplace grand.Ills Is a world-wide fatherland!
-JA NIES Hrssra.t. TAME1.1..
RING OlIT.THE OLD, RING IN THE NEW.Mita out the old, ring in thlt new,
Ring. happy bells, neross the snow;The year Is going, let him go;
Ring out the false, ring in the true.
Ring out the want, the care, the sin,The faithless oddness of the tithes;Ring out, ring out my mournful rhymes,
But ring the fuller minstrel in.
Ring out false pride In 'dace and blood,The civic Blander and the spite;Ring in the lore of truth and right.
Ring In the coalition love. of good.
Riga out a slowly-dying cause,And ancient forms of Daffy strife;Ring In the nimbler modes of life,
With sweeter manners, purer laws.Ring out old shapes of foul disease;
Ring out the narrowing lust of gold;Ring out the thousand wars of old,.
Ring in the thousand years of peace.
PEACE DAY.
Ring In the valiant man and free.The larger heart, the kindlier hand;Ring out the darkness of the land,
Ring in the Christ that is to be.
35
.1 LINED TEN NYSON.
THE CHERRY FESTIVAL AT NAUMBURG.1.1 ballad fonmied on fa( Li
!lard by the walls of Naliniburg town,Four hundred years ago,
Potlopitis his solcilersted'l'o Mtlit their Saxon foe.
The blue sky bent above the earthIn benediction mute:
The tranquil fields reposold contentIn blossom. grain. and fruit.
Rut vain the henediciteOf tender. brooding sky:
4tal volnly peaceful. smiling fieldsGave eloquent reply.
Unsoothed, unmoved. in nature's (aim.The flussite army lay.
A deadly, threatening human storm.SOliniburg in Its way.
To mitt destruction now HII01111.11 (loomedThe dear old Sit X.011 ow ;
illefore Proeophts the (;rentThe strongest walls went down.
Rut soon upon the soft, (II I lit air.Caine S0111111 of tramping feet:
Ilussites quickly flew to arum,Their hated foe to meet.
Ready they stood to face the charge;The great gate opened wide,
And out there poured, not armed men,Rut, marching side by side.
The little children of the town.Whose bright eyes suet their {,117A.
With innocence and courage allUnversed In war's dread ways.
The men threw all their weapons do.wilAt sight so strange and fair;
They took the children in their arms.They stroked their flaxen hair.
They kissed their cheeks and sweet red lips,They told how back at home
They'd left such little ones as these,And then they bade them come.
SIP
36 0. PEACE DAY.
Tp cherry orchards close at hand,And there they stripped the trees
Of branches rich with clustered fruit ;Their little arms with these
They filled. and with kind words of peaceThey sent them back to town.
The soldiers then all marched away,Nor thought of war's renonti.
And now each year at cherry Hine,In Nomadism; you Italy see
The little chlklion celebrate'This St 111111.11. sweet victory.
Once more the sound of tramping feetIs horn' ss, side by side.
They matil throughout the quaint old town,In childhood's joyous pride.
Onee more they bear within their arms(liven branches, thro whose leaves
Ripe cherries gleam, that tell a taleMore strange than fancy wea%es,
About It bloodless battle fonglaFour centuries ago,
When children saved old Nannibug townBy conquering Its foe.
RECESSIONAL.
(rod tot our fathers, known of oldLord of t our farflung battle lineBeneath whose awfut Hand we holdlhaninlida over ja11111 dad pineIord God of lasts, be with us yetLest we Aoggetlest we forget !
The tuning tuna the shirting dies'Phe Captains and the Kings departStill stands Thine ancient Stwritice.An humble and a contrite heart.Lord (hal of Hosts, he with us yet,Lest.we forgetlest we forget!Far - called oar navies melt nivayOn dune and headland sinks the tire,Lo, all our pomp of yesterdayIs one with Nineveh and Tyre!Judge of the Nat1=5, spare us yet,Lest we forgetlest we forget !If, drunk with sight of power, we looseWild tongues that have not Thee In aweSuch boasting as the Gentiles use,Or lesser breeds without the lawLord God of Hosts, be with us yet,Lest we forgetlest we forget!
w
4.
Ito
PEACE DAY.
For heather. heart that puts her trustIn reeking tube,aud iron shardAll valiant dustIhnt builds on (lust,And .guardkag calla not Thee to guard-For frantic boasts and foolish word.Thy merry On Thy people. Lurd.
THESE THINGS SHALL BE.
These thIr.4s slain Fro' A loftier roveThan ell* the world bath known shall rise.
With time of freedom in their{ SO1115And light of knowledge in their eyes.
They Flinn he gentle, brave, and strong.Not to spill human blood, rmt do re
Alt that may plant man's lordship Mtntut earth and tire and sea alai air.
Nation with nation, land with land.Vim mod shall live ns comrades free:
In every human )teat my' brain shall throbThe lodge of one fraternity.
New arts shall Moron. of loftier mould.Aml mightier music thrill the skies;
.kid every life shall be It song.When all the earth is parodist?.
There shall 1w no more sin nor shame. .
And wrath and wrong shall fettered Ile;For mon staid be of one with God
In bonds of firm necessity.
37
lh AIM KIPLING.
OH, BEAUTIFUL, Pfr COUNTRY.etune: woth.)
Oh, Beautiful, my country,Be thine A noble', care
Than all the wealth of commerce,Thy lnirvests waving fair;
lie It thy pride to lift up .
The manhood of the poor;Be thou to the oppressed
Fair Freedom's open door
For thee our fathers suffered:For thee they tolled and prayed;
Upon thy holy altarTheir willing lives they laid.
Thou hest no common birthright ;Grand memories on thee shine;
The blood of pilgrim nattonaCommingled flows in thine.
38 PACE DAY. .
Oh, Beautiful, our country.Round thee in love we draw;
Thine is the grace of freedom,The-majesty of law.
Be righteousness thy scepter,Justice thy diadem;
And lathy shining foreheadBe peace the crowning gem.
HEAR, 0 YE NATIONS.
' (Written for the Second National Peace Congress.)
(Tune: Lyons.)
Hear. hear, 0 ye Nations, and hearing obeyThe cry from the past and the call of to-day
Earth wearies and wastes with her fresh life outplaired,'With glut of the cannon, and spoil of the sword.
A new( era opens, transcending the old,It calls for new leaders, for new ranks unrolled;
For war's grim tradition it maketh appeal.To service of man in the world's commonweal.
The workers afield, iu the milli and the mart,In commerce. in council, In science and art.
Shall bring of their gifts and together create,.The manifold life of the firm-builded State.
And more shall the triumph of right over wrong.lie shield to the weak and a curb to the strong.
When counsel prevails and, the battle flags furled,The High Court of Nations gives law to the.world.
And Thou, 0 my Country, from many made one,Last-born of the nations, at morning Thy sun.
Arise to the place Thou art given toAud lead the world-triumph.of peace and good will.
-FREDERICK` I,. HOSMEH.
NATIONAL HYMN.God of our fathers, whose almighty handLeads forth in-beauty all the starry handOf shining worlds in splendor through the skies,Our grateful songs before Thy throne tfriae.
Thy love divine bath led us in the past.In ibis free land by Thee our lot is mat;Be Thou our ruler, guardian, guide, and stay,
\Illy word our law. Thy paths our chosen way.
From war's alarms,from deadft pestilence.Be Thy strong arm our ever-sure defence;Thy true religion In our hearts increaled,Thy bounteous goodness nourish' nivin .peace.
PEACE DAY.
Refresh Thy people on their toilsome way,Lead us from night to never-ending day;Fill all our IIP8 with love and grace divine.And glory, laud, and praise be ever Thine.
Amen.
39
QUOTATIONS.
There are two ways of ending a dispute--discussion ami force; the'latter111:11111Pr la simply that of the brute beasts; the forcer is proper to twines giftedwith reason. --CICERO.
If there is in the affairs of mortal Men any one thing kh it is proper toexplode. and incumbent upon every man by every lawful means to aveid, todeprecate, to oppose, that one thing 1s, doubtless. war. Ea. us.
Our country is not the only thing to which we owe our allegiance. It is alsoowed to justice and to humanit. Patriotism consists not In waving a flag, butiu striving that our country shall be righteous as well as strong.
JAMES BRYCE..
New occasions teach new duties; time makes ancient good uncouth;They must upward still. and onward. who would keep abreast with Truth;Po. before as gleam her camp tires! we ourselves must pilgrims be,Launch our Mayflower, and steer boldly through the desperate winter sea,Nor attempt the Future's portal with the Past's blood-rusted key.
JAMES ReSSCLI. LOWELL.
Let us thank God that we live In an age when something has influence besidesthe bayonet. DAN nu. WEBSTER.
The more you reduce the burdens of the people in times of peace. the greaterwill he your strength when the hour of peril collies. 11ExtAmix Dms Aem.
The era of true peace on earth will not CHI no so itmg as a tremendous per-centage of your taxes goes to educate 111011 in the trades of slaughter.
REGINALD WRIGHT KAUFMAN.
The more I stndy the world the more am I convinced of the inability of forceto create anything durable. APOLEON, a St. Helena.
War will eliminate Itself. By the next centennial, rhitretion will rule theworld! General SHERIDAN, In 1870.
If the press of the world would edoptand.persist In the high resolve thnewarshould be no more, the clangor of arms would cease. - JOHN HAY.
My first wish Is to see the whole world at peace and the Inhabitants of It asone band of brothers. striving which should contribute most to the happinessof.mankind. Geottoz W SHINOTON.
All wars are follies, very expensive and verf mischievous ones. In my opin-ion. there' never was n gobd war or n bad peace. When will mankind be con-vinced and agree to settle their difficulties by arbitration?
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, in 1711(
I recoil with horror at the feroelousnessof man. Will nations never devil*a more rational umpire of differences than force? Are there no.tneans of coerc-ing injustice more gratifying to our nature than a waste of the blood of tholemuds and of the labor of gallons of our creatures?
Thomas Jameson.
40 PEACE DAY.
Jr*I confess without shame that I am tired and sick of the war. Its glory is
all moonshine. Even success the most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies.the anguish and lamentation of distant families appealing to me for missingsons, husbands, and fathers. It is only those who have not heard a shot norheard the shrieks and groans of the wounded and lacertited that cry aloudfor more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. General SHERMAN.
Let the soldier lie abroad if he will, he can do nothing In this age. Thereis another personagea personage less imposing In the eyes of some, perhapsinsignificant. The schoolmaster is abroad. and I trust to hint, armed with hisprimer, against the whiler in full military array. IA rd BROUGHAM.
In faeclieval times France and Fngland knew the horrors of n hnpdred years'war. The time is not far distant when they will be able to celebrate the com-pletion of a hundred years' peace.
. Ambassador JUSSERAND, at the Lake Champlain Tercentenary.
Ile who by voice or pen strikestis best blow at the impostures or viceswhereby our race is debased and paralyzed may close his eyes in death, consoledand cheered by the reflection that he has done what he'could for the emancipa-tion and elevation of his kind. --HORACE GREELEY.
The Hague treaty stands for theltrbitration of all difficulties between nationswithout exception. It is not generally known how broad and important aninstrument Wis. I regard It as the triumph of the nineteenth century thatthe nations could come together at its end and make a, treaty like that. Thetribunal has advanced more rapidly than did the Supreme Court of the UnitedStates in the first five years of Its existence. In the future, insteadof the barbarous cry To arms!" we shall hear smother cry: "ToThe Hague. To The Hague." --OSCAR S. STRAUS.
4
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
American Friends' peace conference. Proceedings. Philadelphia, 1902.-Collection of,,nddressea on peace.
p
American 'tenet.. society. Headquarters. 313-314 Colorado building, Washitgton,1). C. (Benjamin F. Trueb!ooti. secretary. Colorado fatilding, Washington,1). C.)
OtlIelarorgan is the "Advocate of peace." Society pup Jahes numerous brochureson international peace.
The teaching of history in the public schools with reference to war andpeace. Report of n committee of three appointed by the American pencesociety. Boston, American pence society, 19(5). 27 p. S°.
American penee, society of Japan. Resolutions adopted by American citizensresident to Japan. Report of inougnral meeting . . Jam 31). 1911Yokohama, " Japan gazette" presw, 191). 2-11 p. 8°.
American school peace league. 311 annual report. Boston. 1911. (Mrs. FannieFern Andrews. secretary. 405 Marlborough street, Boston, Mass.)
owest....of society to promote, through the schools and the educational public ofAmerica, the Interests of International justice and fraternity. Publishes numerouspamphlets, etc., on the peace movement.
American society for Judicial settlement of lot erna t Iona I disputes. Poweedingsof international conference. Wtishington, December 15-17, 1910. 'llnitintore,Waverly press 119111. XXVI. 400 p. 8°.
Angell. Norman. The great illuslion. A study of the relation of military powerIn notions to their MOM mile and social advantage. 3d Pd.. rev. and enti .
New York and ibndon. G. I'. Putnam's sons, 1911. xviii. 401 p. 8°.Exposes the economic fallacies In regard to war.
Apponyi, AVM. Lectures on the ponce problem and on the constitutionalgrowth of Hungary. delivered lu the United States and Copada. Budapest,1911. 67 p. 8°.
Black. Madeleine. ("Mrs. Elmer Black ") Civilize the nations. New York.Stewart and company, 1911. 132) p. front. (port) plates. 12°.
Boyle. Homer L. History of pence. Compiled from governmental records, ot11:,OM reports, treaties, conventions. peace conferences and arbitrations . .
Grand Rapids, Mich., History of peace publishing co. . I`19021 372 p. 8°.'
Brewer, David J. The mission of the., United States In the cause of pence.(Boston, American.pence society. 1909'1 20-p. Caption title. J. ,
" To lead In the cause of peace no one of the great nations is so well circumstancedas the United States of America."
Bridgman, Raymond I.. World organisation. Boston. Ginn & company, 1905.vi, 172 p. 8°.
The proposition maintained " that It is time for direct work to organise mankindinto one political body."
41
a4.
42 PEACE DAY.
Brooklyn. Public library. International penult; a list of books, with referelitesto perlrodleals, in the Brooklyn public library. Brooklyn, N. Y., 'Brooklynpublic library, 1908. 53 p. 16°.
Brown. Elmer E. TilftpublIc schools In the movement for international arbi-tration. In his flit ernmeut by Influence. New York, Loudon [etc.) Long-mans, Green. and co.. 1910. p. [991-1011,
Cardinal Gilmons on the arbllnition treaties. [Boston. World pence foundn-i Gun I 4 p. 12° (option title.
Aside from the moral and rt.-belong-roil:0s of view. war has a strong flnanclalaspect. The commerce of nations Is now so Involved and related that war betweentwo nations is an Interference with all nations." /
Carnegie. Andrew. A league of peace: a rectorial address delivered to thestudents in 'the University of St. Andrews, 17th October, 1905. Boston,
. Pulllshod for the International union. Gin!' & company, 1906. 47 p. lei '.
The path to peace. Reprinted from the Urasion "Times" of June 19.tsllghtly revised). New York, The Peace ,ttociely of ille city Of New
York [19091 5 p. 12°.
Speech at tin' annual meeting of the Peace swlety in the Guildhall,London. E. C., May 24th, 1910. London, The Peace k1/41,ilety, , 1910. 32 p. 8°.
The wrong path ; a speech delivered nt the annual meeting NewYork peace society, on April 21st, 1909. New York, The Peace society ofthe city of New York 11909?) p. 12°.
Charming. *alter. Thoughts on peace and war. An at eats delNered beforethe-American peace society. att its annual meeting, ffay 27, 1844. Boston,American pence society, 1844. Iv, [5]--3.8 p. 8°.
Chittenden, Hiram M., War or pence, a present duty and a future hope. Chi-cago, A. C. McClurg & en., 1911. 273 p.
The Christ of the 'Andes. The story of the erection of the great peace monu-ment on the Andeati boundary between Chile and Argentina. 5th ed.Boston, ArffericaTrpeace society, 1910. 7 p. 16". Cover title.
Darby, W. Evans. International arbitration. International tribunals. A col-lection of the various schemes which have been propounded; and of In-stances In the nineteenth century. 4th ed. end. Loudon, J. XI. Dent andco., 1904. iii, 927 p. 8°.
Military drills in schools. [Boston, American pence society, n. d.) 8 p.8'. Caption title.
Declare. that military drill, as a means of culture. is detective. "for It developssome ittributes of character, to the neglect, if not actually at the expense, of othersequally necessgry."
De Forest, J. H. The conditions of peace between the East and the Vest.[Boston, American peace society, 1908?] 16 p.. 8° Captioa.title.
Address delivered at the annual dinner of the Amerkuu pea& society, May 12,1908. -
A plea for the sympathetic cooperation of the East In the Solution of a mootdifficult problem.
Is Japan a menace to the United. States? [Barton, American peacesot sty, 1008?) 12 p. 8° Caption title..
A effort to correct the taw Impressions of Japan which have been ao unscrupu-lously circulated. .
y
PEACE DAY. 43
Duras, Victor -1114. Universal peace. [be luxe ed.] New York, Broadwaypublishing company, 1908.. 180 p. front. (port.) 8°.
Bibliography: p. 185-186.
Everett, William. Patriotism. ,[Boston, Au peace society, 1910] 1017.8° Caption title.
Oration delivered beforeithe Phl Beta Kappa of Harvard University at corn-knencemeut. 1960.
"There are toot. heroic and sfrrIflelal acts going on In the Morks of peace everyday than the brazen throat of war could proclaim In it twel t h." r
Foster, John W. Arbitration and the Hague couq il. Bostof and New°41ork,fllughton. Mifflin and oanpany, 1904. 14S..p. 8°.
Franklin. Benjamin. (in war and peace. tItoston, Published by the directorsof the ()Id South work, n. (II 20 p. 16°. (Old South leaflets, no. 1621Caption title.
Quotations from the writings of Benjamin Fillnklin, followed by a commentarythereon.
Funk, Jacob. War versus petrce; a sport treatise on war: Its causes, horrors,and cost ; mid ;witty: its history and means of advancement. Elgin.brethren publishing house, 11110. 175 p. 12°.
The general arbitration treaties of 1011. International conciliation, November,1911, ill I. 4s. p. 3-37.
This publication is issued by the American association for International concilia-tion. New York City. .The above number contains the text of the arbitraVou treatieswith Greni Britain and France referred to the P. S. Senate, August 11, 191 1;majority and minority reports thereupon from the Committee on Foreign Relations,etc.
Ginn. Edwin] An international school of peace. [New York, 1909] 6 p. 8°.Reprinted from" the Nation of September 11, 1900.
ulliver, Lucille. The, friendship of nations. A story of the peace movementfor young people. With a foreword by David Starr Joridan, Boston, NewYork ietc.i Ginn and company, 1912. p. Illus. 8°.
Book will serve as n supplementary reader for use in th. upper grammar andlower highschool grades In connection with history, civil government, etc.
Hale, Edward Everett. Moltunk addresses .. . with Introduction by Edwin D.Mead. Boston, Published for the International school of peace, Ginn andcompany, 1910. xxvill, 151 p. 2 pl., 3 port. (incl. front.) 8°.
Higgins, Alexander Pearce. The Hague peace conference and other inter-nationni conferences concerning the laws and usages of war ; texts of con-ventions with commentaries. Cambridge, The University press, 1909. 'Iv,032 p. 8°.
History of the American pence society and Its work. [Boston, American peacesociety, 1908] 16 p. 8°. Caption title.
Shows the growth of international arbitration and peace.
Bolls, Frederick W. The peace conference at the Hague, and its bearing oninternational la* and policy. New York & Lyndon, The Macmillan co.,1900. xxlv, 572 p. 8'
-....Howard, George Elliott. The power of organized peace. Advocato of peace,
74:62-65, March 1912.4
Hull, William Isaac. The new peace movement; a aeries of addresees deliveredin 1908-1909. Swarthmore, Pa., Printed for the college, 1900. 76 p. 8..(Swarthmore college bulletin .. . vol. vii. no. 1) .
44 PEACE DAY.
Jeffeason, Charles E. Missions and international pence. Address delivered atthe one hundredth anniversary of. the Arerican Board, Tremont Temple,Boston, October 12, 1910. BostonAmetfican peace society 119101. 15 P.8°. Cover title.
Jordan;' ri9.1,1 snore 1110 human tin rwomt A study Of the decay of racesthrough the survival ht the until. Bostn, American unitarian association.1907. 122 p. 8°.
Points out the physical degeneration of peoples produced by war.
La Fontaine, Henri. Bibliographic de is 'mix et de l'arbitrago International.Monaco. Institut International de in paix; [etc.. etc.] 1904 1 v. 8°.
Lake Mohonk omferenee on international arbitration. Reports of 1st-17thannual meetings. 1895--1911. (H. P. Phillips, secretary. Mohonk Lake,N. Y.)
A library of pence and war. With an introduction by Francis W. liurst .
London, Speiker publishing co., ltd. [1907?) :".7, viii p. 5`.
Lists prepared In competition for OF4ZPS offered by the Speaker (now the Nationfor the beat hundred WAN on peace Ad war.
Lynch, Frederick Henry. The peace problem; the task of the twentieth cen-t .. .with an introduction by Andrew Carnegic. New York, Chicago
Fleming H. Revell company [1911]. 127 p. 12°.
Mead, Edwill H. heroes of pence. [Boston. 1910?] 11 p. 12°. [World peacefoundation. Pamphlet series]
The international school of pence. [Boston, 199-] S p. 8°.
Reprinted from the New England magazine.
Mead. Lucia Ames. A primer of the peace nimement. 7th ed. rev. Boston,American peace movement. 1909. 24 p. 8°.
Conralns the revised and enlarged text of the Illustrated exhibit of the Americanpeace society at the World's Fair, St. 1480, 1904:
Educational organizations promoting international friendship. Bos-
ton, International school of pence. 1910. 19 p. 5°.
Patrktiam and peace: plow to teach them in schools. Boston, Inter-.national school of pence, 1919. 32 p. 12°.
Patriotism and the new-Internationalism . Boston,.(limi & company,1906. x, 125 p. 16°.
Suggestions for school exercises in celebration of the anniversary, May 18th, ofthe opening of The Moe conference in 1899.
Teaching patriotism and justice. Boston: American pence society,[1907] 18 p. 8°. Cover title.
Two papers read before the American institute of instruction, Montreal. July 1-14,1907.
Militarism as a cause of the high cost of living. From the Report of theMassachusetts commission on the cost of living, 1910. Boston, Americanpeace society [1910]. 12 p. 8°. Cover. title.
"In weighing the causes that have contributed to increase the cost of living, thiscommission is convinced that ft most far-reaching influence In creating, fastening andperpetuating high prices is militarism."
Moore, John Bassett. The United States and International arbitration. Bos-
ton, American peace society, 1800. 32 p. fr.Prom report of the American historical association for 1891, p. 85-85. Senate
misc. doc. no,118, 52d Congress, 1st emission. With additions. An historical resumeOf the subject.
4
r-----New York peace society. The American peace commission. A step towarddefinitely organizing the world . . . New York, World federation league, adepartment of the New york peace society, 1910. 31 p. 8°.
Contains articles by many eminent men.
Norleow, J. Wat and its alleged benefits. Tr. by Thomas Seltzer. New Yoili,Henry Holt and compaity, 1011. RIO p. 8°.
Shows that the alleged benefits of war can not withstand criticiam..
Holston, Jackson II. Should any natioual dispute be reserved from arbitration?[Itostos. American peace society, 1!108?1 7 p. sin. Caption title.
Address delivered at the PennsylvanIn peace congress. May tit. tons f
Scott. James Brown. American addresses at the second Hague peace conferencedelivered by Joseph II. Choate, General Horace Porter, James Brown Scott.. . Boston and London, For the International stool of 'peace. Ginn andcompany, 1910. xlviii, 217 p. 8°.
The Hague peace conferences of 1899 and 1907; a series of lectures de-liverd before the Johns Hopkins university in the year 11:08. Baltimore,The Johns Hopkins press. 1909. 2 v. 8°. .
Sheldon. Amos. Political and legal remedies for war. London [etc.] Cassell,Peftes, Halpin & co.. 1S80. II, 364 p. 8°
[ Sprague. Homer B., chairman, and others] The teaching of history in thepublic schools with reference to war and peace. Report of a committee ofthree, appointed by the American pence society. Boston, American peacesociety, 1909. 27 p. 8°. Cover title.
rSuggests that "although upon the whole great progress has been made In the-right direction In recent years; yet with some superintendents, and presumably withmost teachers, the viewpoint of events ought to be elevated and the horizonbroadened."
?Stilwell, Arthur Edward. Universal peacewar Is mesmerism. let ed. New
York. The Bankers publishing company; [etc.. etc.] 1911. 181 p. incl.front. (port.) 8°.
Sumner, Charles. Addresses on war. With an introduction by Edwin G. Mead.Boston, Ginn & co cony, 1904. xxvil, 319 p. 8°.
Includes Surnner'slrent oration on "The true grandeur of nations."
Suttner. Bertha [Felicie Sophie (Kinsky) Baroness von" "Ground armeP!""Die wnffen Weiler!" A romance of European war . . . Tr. from the
. German by Alice A. Abbott. 7th ed. Chicago, A. C. McClurg &_eo....1906.13-411 p. front. (port.) 12°.
A pion for the abolition of writ. A romance bated on the last four ware of Europe.
Tolstoi, Lyof N. Bethink yourselves! Tr. by V. Tchertkoff and I. F. M. NewYork, T. V. Crowell & co. [1904?] 64 p. 16°.
Trueblood. Benjamin F. The case for limitation of armaments. [Boston,American peace society. 1009] 16 p. 8°. Caption title.
Reprinted from American Journal of International law. October. 1009.
The cost of war. Boston, American peace society, 1011. 15 p. 8°.Cover title. .
Presents statistics showing the national debts of the twenty-three principalpowers. Also the annual cost of the present " armed peace" of the world.
International arbitration at the openink of the twentieth century. 7ththousand. Boston, American peace society, 1909. 23 ix 8'. Cover title:
PEACE DAY. 45
46 !PEACE DAY.
Trueblood, Benjamin F. The federation of the world. Boston and New York,Boughton, Mifflin & co., 1890. vii, 162 p. 12°.
The historic development of the peace idea. 3d ed. Boston. Americanpence society, 1910. 24 p. '. ('over title.
Declares that theevointion of the peace movement ought to proved more rapidlywithin the ekurch than without.
The two Hague conferences and their results. [Boston. American peace society,n. 14 p. 8°. Caption title.
Discusses the conferences of 1,:b9 and 1907.
Tryon, James L. The churches and the [leave movement. ( Boson, Ameriennpence society, n. di 4 p. 8°. Caption title.
The interparlianientary onion and its work. (Bost on,N\ ilierican peacesociety, 19101 7 p. 8°. Caption title
A world tregty of arbitration. Boston, American peace society, 1911.16 p. 8°. Cover title.
Bibliography p. 16.
U. S. Congress. Douse Committee on forel..m affairs. international federationfor the maintenance of peace. [Washington, Govt. print. ,,ff.. 1910]36 p. 8°.
David J. Poster, chairmnn.Bearing of May 7. 1910. on Joint resolution to authorize the appointment of a
commission to draft articles of international federation, and for other purposo(1i. J. Res, 1R7, 61 tong., 26 seas.)
Universal peace congress. 5th, Chicago, 1893. Official report of the fifthUniversal pence congress held at Chicago, United States of Amp rica, August1420, 1893, under the auspices of the World's congress an. liary of theWorld's Columbian exposition. Boston, The American peace society[1893?] 332 p. 8°.
White. Andrew D. The college and International arbitration. In Lake Mohonk ,conference on International arbitration. Report, 1909. p. 119-37.
Committee report.List of colleges and universities cooperating, p. 132-35.