Peace, regional CriSIS and U.S . foreign policy

© FLACSO , Claudio Fuentes. N° 138.966

REGIONAL REPORT

Generol Coordinotor: Froncisco Rojos Aravena

Reg ional Report Coord inator : C1 audio Fuentes S.

Assistants: David Álvarez

Natal ia Escobar

Claud ia Fuentes

Carl os Verga ra

And rés Villar

Design and produclion : Marcela Zamorano

Webmaster: Pau la Pardo

Translator: Ro bert Barros

The opinio ns presented in this work, as well as the analyses and interpreta tio ns that it co ntai ns, a re the

exclusive responsibility 01 its autho rs and do not necessarily refl ect the po in ts 01 view 01 FLAC SO no r 01the

institutio ns that it is assoc ioted with .

This pub licotio n is o ne 01the results 01 oct ivit ies developed with in the oreo 01 reseorch ond d iff usion 01

FLACSO-Chile. Thi s oct ivitie s ore corried o ut wi th the suppo ri 01the Fo rd Fo undotio n.

No pori 01thi s document , includi ng the cover design, moy be reproduced, tran smitted, o r sto red in any woy

o r by on y meons, whether ele ctro nic, mecha nico l, chemico l, o ptico l, o recording o r photo copy, wi tho ut the

a uthor izat ion 01 FLACSO .

~ 1 nq! .O O\fl:t

Ta ble of Contents

Introduct ion 5

l . The new con text o f interna tiona l security 7

11. Latin Ame rica, a peaceful but vulnerable regi on 13

111. Regiona l crisis and conflict reso lutio n 15

IV C ivi l soc iety and the promotio n of peace in the hemisphere 21

V Loo king towar ds the futu re : civil soc iety, peace, and regional crisis 29

Boxes

Box l . Protect ion o f civil libe rl ies in the Un ited States. The ro le of NGOs 9

Box 2 . U.S. milita ry assistan ce to Latin A merica 11

Box 3 . Experiences of multilateral co nf lict resoluti on in Latin A merica 14

Box 4 . Colom bia : Trends in a regiona l con flict 17

Box 5 . Guatemala : A vulnerable cou ntry 18

Box 6 . Ha iti and Bo livia : High ly vulnerable co untries 20

Box 7. A successful experience of civil act ion in an orea of urban vio lence 28

Box 8 . Interventio n of M in ister of Defense of C hile M ichelle Bachelet 28

Box 9 . Wo rking g ro ups: Summary of the d iscussio n 32

Appendices

Conference Program 34

Conference Parlicipa nts 36

Documents 39

Participants

A RG EN TI NA

Andrea Fabiano, Embassy of Argentina

Carlos Gabetta, Le Monde Diplomatique

Diana Tussie, Latin American Faculty of the Social

Sciences (FLACSO)

María del Carmen Verdú, Coordinator against

Institutional and Police Repression (CORREPI)

Víctor Abramovich, Center of Legal and Social

Studies (CELS)

Roberto Saba, Association for Civil Rights

A USTRIA

Ma rianne Da Costa, Embassadorof Austria in Colombia

B RAZIL

Bernardo Sorj, Viva Río

Clovis Brigagao, Cándido Méndez University

Gelson Fonseca, Embassy of Brazil in Chile

Pablo Dreyfus, Viva Río

C O LO M BIA

Dario Villamizor, Means for Peace

Guillermo Carvajalino, Businessmen for Education

Foundation

Henry Salgado, Center for Research and Popular

Education, Colombia (C1NEP)

Ingrid Bolivar, Center for Research and Popular

Education - Colombia (C1NEP)

Popular - Colombia (C1NEP)

Pilar Gaitán, Ideas for Peace

Rodrigo Gutiérrez, Ideas for Peace

C OSTA RICA

Ana Yancy Espinozo, Arias Foundation

Cecilia Cortes, Foundation of Foreign Services for

Peace and Democracy (FLlNPADEM)

Luis Emilio Fernández, Embassy of Costa Rica

D O M I ICA REPUBLlC

Juan Bonnelly, Embassy of the Dominican Republic

E C UADO R

Adrián Bonilla, Latin American Faculty of the Social

Sciences (FLACSO)

Augusto Saa, Embassy of Ecuador

Francisco López, Andean Democratic Auditing

Gonzolo Salvador, Embassy of Ecuador

E L SALVA DO R

Ricardo Córdova, Dr. Guillermo Manuel UNGO

Foundation (UNGO)

G ERMA N Y

Wolf Grabendorf, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Colom­

bia (FESCOL)

G UATEMA LA

Canmen Rosa De León, Training Institute for Sustainable

Development (IEPADES)

M EXICO

Gustavo Castro, C ent er fo r Eco no mic a nd Political

Resea rch for Community Act ion (C1 EPAC)

Rosari o Green, Embassado r o f M exico in Arge ntina

Ricardo Velero , Embassad or o f Mexico in C hile

M ORO CC O

Adelhc di Boucetta , Embassy of Morocco

Bo uchra Boudchi che , Embassy of Morocco

PA NA M A

Juan Humberto Ch óvez, Embassy o f Panama

P ERU

Ana María Tamayo , Institute of Lega l Defense (IDL)

Erne sto De la Jara , Institute of Legal Defense (IDL)

S PAl t~

Juan A lfo nso O rtiz, Embassy o f Spa in

Narcís Serra , C enter o f Internationa l Relati ons and

International Cooperation (ClDOB)

U NITE D S TATES

Antho ny Romero , American C ivi l Liberties Uni on

} osé M iguel Vivanco , Human Righ ts Watch

Jo y O lso n, Wa shington O ff ice o n Lat in A merica

(W O LA)

Michae l Shi íter, Inter-American Dialogue

Sanho Tree, Inter PressServ ice (IPS)

Tracy De Wid, Emba ssy of the United States

James Cyphe r, C alifornia State University

VEi" EZUElA

Francine Jacóme, Regional Coord inato r of Econ omic

a nd Soc ia l Research (C RIES)

G erardo Delgado, Embassy of Venezu ela

C HI LE

o. No ng overnmen al o rgon izations

Alejcndro Baham ondes , Part y of Democracy (PPD)

Alejandro Iturra, Arci s Uni versity

A lvaro Pedroza, Alberto Hurtado U niversity

Ana María De la Jara , C hi lea n Asso c ia t ion o f

Nongovernmenta l O rganizatio ns A G , (AC Cl O N)

Ana O rtega , A lberto Hurtad o Uni versity

A ngel M anrrique, A lbe rto H urtado Un iversity

A nge la Ibarra, A lbe rto H urtado Un iversity

A ngé lica Vasqu ez, SER PAJ

Carlos Del ga do, Uni versity of C a lifo rnia

C arlos Gutiérrez, Arc is Uni versit y

Ceci lia Medi na , University o f C hi le

Cecilia Valdivia , A lbe rto Hurtado Un iversity

C laudia Martínez, C atho lic Uni versity

C laudío And rade, Ministry o f the Interior

C laud io Pardo, Nati onal Televisio n of C hile (TVN)

Diego Iglesias, Chil e 21

Esteban Montes, Andrés Bello Un iversity

Farith Fraija, Alberto Hurtad o University

Felipe G onzólez, Di ego Portales University

Ferna ndo Krei s, Strategi c A lliance

Gonza lo A lva rez, Academy of C hristian Humanism

Hector C hamaco, Ac ademy of C hristian Hum an ism

Hernón Rodrígu ez, Uni versity of Chile

Iris Vittini , Uni versity of Chil e

Ivan Zamora , C hilean Association o f Nongovernmenta l

Orga nizatio ns AG, (ACClON)

Jacobo Schatan, C EN DA

Javier C ampos, A lberto Hurtado Uni versit y

Jav ier Couso, Diego Portales University

José M art ínez, Alb erto Hurtado University

Juan Carlos Ag uirre, Acad emy 01Christian Humanism

Juan Domingo Silva, Ar cis University

Judith Castro , Alb erto Hurtado University

M anuel Baquedan o, Po pula r Educa tio n Institute (IEP)

María So l M ina, Al berto Hurtado Uni versity

Mario Vargas, Good Morning America

Marco Fernández, Arcis University

Marek Hoehn, Academy 01 C hristian Humanism

Matilde Wolter, EFE Agency

Mercedes Montoya, SERPAJ

Nelson M o ntenegro , AN EP E

Oscar G a marra, A lberto Hurt ad o University

Ricardo Hormazaba l, University 01 Ch ile

Rob erto Du rán , Catho lic University

Rodri go Herná ndez, Alberto Hurtado University

Rosa Gongora, A lberto Hurtado University

Sara Larr aín, Sustai nable Ch ile

Victor Finschi, Diego Portales University

Wa lter Sánchez, University 01C hi le

Wa lter Krohne, CELAPI

B. G O VERNM Er'H AL REPRESE, TATIVES

Alejandro Ahum ad a, M inistry 01Foreign Relati ons

Rena n Fuen tea lba, M inistry 01 Delense

Ignacio C o nc ha, M inistry 01Foreign Relatio ns

Ed uardo Orteg a, M inistry 01Fo reign Rela tions

Amira Esquivel, Ministry 01 Fo reign Relations

O THER I TER ATlONAL ORGANIZATlO S

John Renninger, United Nations O rganization (ONU)

Ca nrnen Arligas, Economic Commission lor LatinAmerica

and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

LuisYañez, Economi c Commission lor Latin America and

the Caribbean (ECLAC)

Roberto Rensi, European Union

F O RD F O UNDATIO N

Ma rtín Abregu, Andean Regio n and Southern Cone

Cristina Eguizabal , M exico and Centra l America

Ana Toni , Brazil

Augusto Varas, And ean Regíon and So uthern Cone

F LACSO- C HILE

David Á lvarez, Researc her

Natalia Esco bar, Assistant researcher

Claud ia Fuentes, Researc her

C1audio Fuentes, Academic Coordi nator

Peace M ilet, Coordinator Area of Intemational Relations

Francisco Rojas Ara vena, Direct o r

Anthony Tillett, Visiting Prolesso r

Luciano Tomassini, Coordinator Public Studies

Carlos Vergara , Doc umen tal ist librarian

And rés Vil lar, Researcher

Keizer Wi lemijn, visito r, University 01Leiden, Holl and