pear masterclass +31683704320 september 2020
TRANSCRIPT
Dirk van Hees+31683704320
Fertilization in pears
Pear MasterclassSeptember 2020
Contact details:+31683704320
Dirk van Hees
Tree management & Fertilisation Consultant4th generation fruit grower
Fertilization in pears
1. Fertilization plan➢ Soil analysis
➢ Foliar analysis
➢ N-mineralization analysis
2. Winter fertilization
3. Foliar fertilization
4. Fertigation
Fertilization plan for 3-4 years
Based on:
➢Soil analysis
➢Foliar analysis
➢N-mineralization analysis
Soil analyses in Holland35-40 parameters
CEC-ANALYSE
A GOOD SOILSAMPLES CONTAINS AT LEAST:
➢ N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S
➢ pH
➢ % Organic matter
➢ % of clay, loam and sand
➢ CEC-analyse
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
Sand (0,1 m2 / gr)
Clay (800 m2 / gr)
Humic acid (1000 m2 / gr)
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
OPTIMUM:
• Ca2++: 80 - 85%
• Mg2++: 8 - 12%
• K+ : 4,5 - 5%
Foliar analysis: 2x per year
June: ➢ 6-8 weeks after flowering➢ Steer with foliar nutrition and
fertigation
August:➢ 4-6 weeks before harvest➢ Steer with Potassium➢ Winter fertilization
N-mineralization2x per year
June: ➢ 6-8 weeks after flowering➢ N-schedule in fertigation
August:➢ 4-6 weeks before harvest➢ Check natural capacity of the
soil➢ Winter fertilization
Winter fertilization
Based on soil samples and production
Drainage
Application of Ca, P, Mg, K -fertilisers
SOILCORRECTIONSAdditional organic fertiliser
Breaking disturbing layers
In Holland it costs almost nothing (transport costs) and is available
Other countries availability can be difficult
Organic substance – the black gold
➢ Big improvement for heavy clay soils➢ Big improvement for light sandy soils➢ Big improvement when % organic matter is too low➢ Big improvement in soil life
Calcium important for soil structure
pH ˂ 6 => Liming (November, after harvest)pH ˃ 6 and Ca-CEC ˂ 80% => Gypsum (during winter)
What did we took out the orchard?
60 ton fruit is +/- :
30 kg N - Nitrogen15 kg P2O5 - Phosphate120 kg K2O - Potassium5 kg MgO - Magnesium5 Kg CaO - Calcium
Potassium
Important rule:1 ton of fruit = 2 kg K2O
=> to stay on the same level
Ideal % K on CEC
Young orchards, calcium sensitive varieties: Kanzi, Breaburn, Beurré Alexandre Lucas, etc..
3,5 – 4%
Apples and Migo® 4 - 4,5%
Most pear varieties 4,5 – 5%
In practice
60 ton pears => 120 kg K2O
Traditional: K2O
200kg Potassium chloride (K60) in December 120 kg
Nowadays: K2O
20-25 ton compost (green, mushroom, chicken, etc.)+ Fertigation 50-60 kg KNO3
70-80 kg+
50-60 kg=
120-140 kg
Nitrogen
NLV - Nitrogen Supplying capacity in kg N/ha/year
Cell division phase
Last 6 weeks before harvest
Nitrogen in practice in pearsWinter fertilization with ammonium nitrate (27% N)
➢ 50% Ammonium + 50% Nitrate➢ Rain after application: 50-60mm sandy soil or 80-100mm clay soil➢ 35-40 kg N
Nitrogen in practice in pears
▪ Winter fertilization with ammonium nitrate (27% N)➢ 35-40 kg N
▪ Organic fertilizers => Champost, Compost, Chicken, etc…➢ 20-30 kg N
▪ Foliar nutrition: Urea (46% N)➢ 25-30 kg N
▪ Fertigation => 0,2 gr/N/ha/day➢ 4-5 kg N/week => 16-18 kg N/month➢ 18 weeks of fertigation => 70-90 kg N per year
Total application on N / year: 150-170 kg N
Iron fertilization
Iron chelate -> Standard on pears
Two good type of iron chelates (many different brands):
➢EDDHA 6% (4% Orhto-ortho)
➢HBED 6% or 9%
Dosage for most of the pear varieties:
➢8-12 kg EDDHA (6%) or 6-9 kg HBED (6%)
Timing:
➢Around flowering (depends on the application method)
Many bad products on the market!!Be carefull!!
Application by:Weed sprayer
Application by:Irrigation
Foliar fertilization
➢ Based on schedule in cell division phase➢ Based on foliar analysis in second half of the season
Foliar nutrition schedule
StageUreaDosage / ha
MAPDosage / ha
+Dosage / ha
+Dosage / ha
Breaking bud 1 kg Copperoxychlorid
Mouse ear 5 kg Urea 1 kg MAP 0,5 kg Copperoxychlorid
Green bud / Early white bud 3-5 kg Urea 1 kg MAP250 gr Zincsulphate(ZnSO4)
1,25 ltr Bortrac or1,25 kg Solubor
White bud 3-5 kg Urea 1 kg MAP150 gr Zincsulphate(ZnSO4)
1,25 ltr Bortrac or1,25 kg Solubor
Balloonstage 3-5 kg Urea 1 kg MAP5-7 kg Epsomsalt +150 gr Zincsulphate(ZnSO4)
1,25 ltr Bortrac or1,25 kg Solubor
During flowering 2-3 kg Urea 1 kg MAP0,5 ltr Mantrac or0,5 ltr Manganesenitrate
Only with extreme cold weather:0,25 ltr Bortrac or0,25 kg Solubor
1st spray after flowering 2-5 kg Urea 1 kg MAP 5-7 kg Epsomsalt1 ltr Bortrac or1 kg Solubor**
2nd spray 2-5 kg Urea 1 kg MAP3 - 5 kg MKP +125 gr Zincsulphate(ZnSO4)
0,5-0,75 ltr Mantrac or0,5-0,75 ltr Manganesenitrate
3th spray 2-5 kg Urea 1 kg MAP 5-7 kg Epsomsalt +1 ltr Bortrac or1 kg Solubor
4th spray 1-2 kg Urea 1 kg MAP3 - 5 kg MKP +125 gr Zincsulphate(ZnSO4)
0,5-0,75 ltr Mantrac or0,5-0,75 ltr Manganesenitrate
5th spray 1-2 kg Urea 1 kg MAP 5-7 kg Epsomsalt1 ltr Bortrac or1 kg Solubor
6th spray 1-2 kg Urea 1 kg MAP3 - 5 kg MKP +125 gr Zincsulphate(ZnSO4)
0,5-0,75 ltr Mantrac or0,5-0,75 ltr Manganesenitrate
Especially in the period before and just after flowering you can make a difference in both quality and quantity
Before flowering especially: N, P, Mg, B and Zn
After flowering: N, P, K, Mg, Mn, B, Zn and Fe
Foliar fertilization
Foliar fertilizers industry last 10 years in EU:➢ Extremely amount of new expensive products…..➢ What is the extra value for the grower? ➢ Is it tested in trials? Did they compare with untreated or
did they compare it with the standard schedule?
✓ Foliar fertilization => what you give is what you get!!✓ Intervals and correct dosages in general have more effect!!
Fertigation
Fertigation based on water analysis
➢ EC-level➢ Bicarbonate➢ Iron
The use of acids:➢ Nitric acid➢ Posphoric acid
Fertigation based on water analysis
Last 5 years:pH regulator
Stabilize the water with Sulphuric acid
Fertigation with FertiPro
➢ Based on N➢ Gram N / meter /
day
Basic schedule:0,2 gr N/m/day=> 18-20 kg N/month
Fertigation with FertiPro
Options with P:o No Po Low Po High P
Options with K:o Low Ko High Ko Very high K
Fertigation timeline
Cell division phase Last 8 weeks before harvestNitrogen 0,2 gr N/m/day (18-20 kg N/ha/month)
Potassium low (4-5 kg K/ha/month) Potassium high (18-20 kg K/ha/month)or
Potassium very high (35-40 kg K/ha/month)
To summarize fertilization in pears
1. Fertilization plan based on:➢ Soil analysis
➢ Foliar analysis
➢ N-mineralization analysis
2. Winter fertilization
3. Foliar fertilization
4. Fertigation
Dirk van Hees+31683704320
Thank you for watching!!
Pear MasterclassSeptember 2020