PedagogyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pedagogy (etymology and pronunciation) is the discipline that deals with the theory and practice ofeducation; it thus concerns the study and practice of how best to teach. Its aims range from the general(full development of the human being via liberal education) to the narrower specifics of vocationaleducation (the imparting and acquisition of specific skills).

For example, Paulo Freire referred to his method of teaching people as "critical pedagogy". Incorrelation with those instructive strategies, the instructor's own philosophical beliefs of instruction areharbored and governed by the pupil's background knowledge and experience, situation, andenvironment, as well as learning goals set by the student and teacher. One example would be theSocratic schools of thought.[1][2][3] The teaching of adults, however, may be referred to as andragogy.

Contents

1 History2 Etymology and pronunciation3 Academic degrees4 Pedagogues5 See also6 References7 Further reading

History

Johann Friedrich Herbart (4 May 1776 – 14 August 1841)[4] is the founding father of theconceptualization of pedagogy, or, the theory of education. Herbart's educational philosophy andpedagogy highlighted the correlation between personal development and the resulting benefits to society.In other words, Herbart proposed that humans become fulfilled once they establish themselves asproductive citizens.[4] Herbartianism refers to the movement underpinned by Herbart's theoreticalperspectives.[5] Referring to the teaching process, Herbart suggested 5 steps as crucial components.Specifically, these 5 steps include: preparation, presentation, association, generalization, andapplication.[6] Herbart suggests that pedagogy relates to having assumptions as an educator and aspecific set of abilities with a deliberate end goal in mind.[7]

Etymology and pronunciation

The word is a derivative of the Greek παιδαγωγία (paidagōgia), from παιδαγωγός (paidagōgos), itself asynthesis of ἄγω (ágō), "I lead", and παῖς (país, genitive παιδός, paidos) "child": hence, "to lead achild."[8] It is pronounced variously, as /ˈpɛdәɡɒdʒi/, /ˈpɛdәɡoʊdʒi/, or /ˈpɛdәɡɒɡi/.[9][10] Negativeconnotations of pedantry have sometimes been intended, or taken, at least from the time of SamuelPepys in the 1650s.[11]

Academic degrees

Douris Man with wax tablet

An academic degree, Ped. D., Doctor of Pedagogy, is awarded honorarily by some US universities todistinguished teachers (in the US and UK, earned degrees within the instructive field are classified as anEd. D., Doctor of Education or a Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy). The term is also used to denote anemphasis in education as a specialty in a field (for instance, a Doctor of Music degree in pianopedagogy).

Pedagogues

The word pedagogue was originally used in reference to the slavewho escorted Greek children to school. In Denmark, a pedagogueis a practitioner of pedagogy. The term is primarily used forindividuals who occupy jobs in pre­school education (such askindergartens and nurseries) in Scandinavia. But a pedagoguecan occupy various kinds of jobs, e.g. in retirement homes,prisons, orphanages, and human resource management. These areoften recognised as social pedagogues as they perform on behalfof society.

The pedagogue's job is usually distinguished from a teacher's byprimarily focusing on teaching children life­preparing knowledgesuch as social skills and cultural norms. There is also a very bigfocus on care and well­being of the child. Many pedagogicalinstitutions also practice social inclusion. The pedagogue's workalso consists of supporting the child in their mental and socialdevelopment.[12]

In Denmark all pedagogues are trained at a series of national institutes for social educators located in allmajor cities. The programme is a 3.5­year academic course, giving the student the title of a Bachelor inSocial Education (Danish: Professionsbachelor som pædagog).[13]

It is also possible to earn a master's degree in pedagogy/educational science from the University ofCopenhagen. This BA and MA program has a more theoretical focus compared to the above­mentionedBachelor in Social Education.

In Hungary, the word pedagogue (pedagógus) is synonymous with teacher (tanár); therefore, teachers ofboth primary and secondary schools may be referred to as pedagogues, a word that appears also in thename of their lobbyist organizations and labor unions (e.g. Labor Union of Pedagogues, DemocraticLabor Union of Pedagogues[14]). However, undergraduate education in Pedagogy does not qualifystudents to become teachers in primary or secondary schools but makes them able to apply to beeducational assistants. As of 2013, the 5­year training period was re­installed in place of theundergraduate and postgraduate division which characterized the previous practice.[15]

See also

Bloom's taxonomyDidactic methodLearning sciencesGeragogy

References

Further reading

Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process of Education, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a Theory of Instruction. Cambridge, MA: Belkapp Press.Bruner, J. S. (1971). The Relevance of Education. New York, NY: NortonFreire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: ContinuumMontessori, M. (1910). Antropologia Pedagogica.Montessori, M. (1921). Manuale di Pedagogia Scientifica.Montessori, M. (1934). Psico Geométria.Montessori, M. (1934). Psico Aritmética.Piaget, J. (1926). The Language and Thought of the Child. London: Routledge & Kegan.Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz (1848) Pedagogics as a System(https://archive.org/stream/pedagogicsasasy00bracgoog#page/n4/mode/2up). Translated 1872 byAnna C. Brackett, R.P. Studley CompanyJohann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz (1899). The philosophy of education(https://archive.org/details/philosophyeduca01rosegoog). D. Appleton and Co.Vygotsky, D. (1962). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

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Categories: Didactics Educational psychology Pedagogy

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1. "Analysis of Pedagogy". Educ.utas.edu.au.Retrieved 2010­09­20.

2. Petrie et al. (2009). Pedagogy – a holistic,personal approach to work with children andyoung people, across services. p. 4.(http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/58/1/may_18_09_Ped_BRIEFING__PAPER_JB_PP_.pdf)

3. Aarhus University Department of Education(DPU) ­ Research (http://edu.au.dk/en/research/)

4. "Johann Friedrich Herbart".5. "Herbartianism | education". EncyclopediaBritannica. Retrieved 2015­11­02.

6. "Johann Friedrich Herbart | biography ­ Germaneducator". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved2015­11­02.

7. Kenklies, Karsten (2012­02­12). "EducationalTheory as Topological Rhetoric: The Concepts ofPedagogy of Johann Friedrich Herbart andFriedrich Schleiermacher". Studies in Philosophyand Education 31 (3): 265–273.doi:10.1007/s11217­012­9287­6. ISSN 0039­3746.

8. "pedagogy"(http://www.etymonline.com/indexable?term=pedagogy). Online Etymology Dictionary.

9. "Definition of “pedagogy” ­ Collins EnglishDictionary".

10. "pedagogy noun ­ definition in British EnglishDictionary & Thesaurus ­ Cambridge DictionaryOnline". Dictionary.cambridge.org. 2012­10­10.Retrieved 2012­10­29.

11. "pedagogue"(http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pedagogue). Online Etymology Dictionary.

12. Taipei Times Learning from Denmark(http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2006/03/22/2003298639)

13. Educational Guide – Denmark Pædagog –UddannelsesGuiden.dk(http://www.ug.dk/job/paedagogiskkirkeligtogsocialtarbejde/paedagogiskarb/paedagog.aspx).

14. "Front Page". The Official Site of The LaborUnion of Pedagogues. Labor Union ofPedagogues. Retrieved 27 May 2013.

15. "Ezekre a tanári szakokra jelentkeztek a legtöbben[English: These Teaching Areas Proved The MostPopular]". Eduline. 2013­04­19. Retrieved 27 May2013.