peer review report phase 1 legal and regulatory framework - belgium

8/7/2019 Peer Review Report Phase 1 Legal and Regulatory Framework - Belgium

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/peer-review-report-phase-1-legal-and-regulatory-framework-belgium 1/79

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Owohu~mvo Xulliq} % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % :

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Hdls`mieho zm~g ~go X~ieniqnx % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %9:

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A% Ihhoxx ~d Mefdqli~mde % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %>9

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H% Owhgiejmej Mefdqli~mde % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ?9

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H%?% ^mlo`meoxx df qoxsdexox ~d qoyuox~x fdq mefdqli~mde % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 69




> ‘ ÎA@O DF HDEÔE^X

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OWOH_^MVO X_LLIQ] ‘ :

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ME^QDN_H^MDE ‘ 99

Me~qdnuh~mde

Mefdqli~mde ien lo~gdnd`dj} uxon fdq ~go Sooq Qovmoz df Ao`jmul

93% ^go ixxoxxloe~ df ~go òji` ien qojuì~dq} fqilozdqb df Ao`jmulzix aixon de ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqnx fdq ~qiexsiqoeh} ien owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde ix noxhqmaon me ~go J`dai` Fdqul”x ôqlx df Qofoqoeho ien zix sqosiqon uxmej ~go J`dai` Fdqul”x Lo~gdnd`dj} fdq Sooq ien EdeLolaoq Qovmozx% ^go ixxoxxloe~ zix aixon de ~go ìzx, qojuì~mdex ien mefdqli~mdeowhgiejo lohgiemxlx me fdqho dq offoh~ i~ ~go oen df Dh~daoq 1393, d~goq li~oqmi` sqdvmnon a} Ao`jmul ien de mefdqli~mde sqdvmnon a} siq~eoqx df ~gmx kuqmxnmh~mde%

99% ^go oqlx df Qofoqoeho aqoib ndze ~go x~ieniqnx df ~qiexsiqoeh}ien owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde me~d 93 oxxoe~mi` oòloe~x ien 89 oeuloqi~onixsoh~x uenoq ~gqoo aqdin hi~ojdqmox; 'I- ivimìam`m~} df mefdqli~mde2 'A-ihhoxx ~d mefdqli~mde2 ien 'H- owhgiejmej mefdqli~mde% ^gmx qovmoz ixxoxxoxAo`jmul”x òji` ien qojuì~dq} fqilozdqb ijimex~ ~goxo oòloe~x ien oihg df ~go oeuloqi~on ixsoh~x% Me qoxsoh~ df oihg oxxoe~mi` oòloe~ i no~oqlmei~mdemx lino ~gi~ om~goq 'm- ~go oòloe~ mx me sìho, 'mm- ~go oòloe~ mx me sìho au~hoq~ime ixsoh~x df ~go òji` mlsòloe~i~mde df ~go oòloe~ eoon mlsqdvoloe~,dq 'mmm- ~go oòloe~ mx ed~ me sìho% ^goxo no~oqlmei~mdex iqo ihhdlsiemon a}qohdlloeni~mdex ix ~d gdz xdlo ixsoh~x df ~go Ao`jmie x}x~ol lmjg~ aox~qoej~goeon%

91% ^go ixxoxxloe~ zix hdenuh~on a} i ~oil hdexmx~mej df ~zd ixxoxxdqx ien i qosqoxoe~i~mvo df ~go J`dai` Fdqul Xohqo~iqmi~; Xgiuei Sm~~lie,Hduexo`, Hieini Qovoeuo Ijoeh}2 Qikoxg Xgiqli Qil`d`` Ixxmx~ie~Xd`mhm~dq Joeoqi` i~ ~go I~~dqeo} Joeoqi`”x Dffmho me Liuqm~mux2 ien QílmVoqeoiu fdq ~go J`dai` Fdqul Xohqo~iqmi~% ^go ~oil oviùi~on Ao`jmul”xòji` ien qojuì~dq} fqilozdqb fdq ~qiexsiqoeh} ien owhgiejo df mefdqli~mdeien m~x qoòvie~ mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx%




91 ‘ ME^QDN_H^MDE

Dvoqvmoz df Ao`jmul

98% I xli`` x~i~o me Zox~oqe Ouqdso me ~oqlx df m~x iqoi '83 333 bl±-,Ao`jmul gix i ~d~i` sdsuì~mde df 93%: lm``mde, libmej m~ deo df ~go ldx~noexo`} sdsuì~on Ouqdsoie x~i~ox zm~g 8?3 megiam~ie~x$bl±% Nmqoh~`} fihmej~go Edq~g Xoi, Ao`jmul xgiqox hdllde adqnoqx zm~g Fqieho, @uwolauqj,Joqlie} ien ~go Eo~goqìenx%

9>% Ao`jmul mx i gmjg`} novo`dson hdue~q}, me siq~mhuìq aohiuxo df m~xliqm~mlo ihhoxx ien O_ lolaoqxgms% Me xsm~o df m~x xm{o, m~ zix ~go 13~g j`daiòhdedl} me 133= zm~g i JNS df O_Q 8>? am``mde ien i soq hism~i JNS df O_Q 81 333 me 1337% ^go Ao`jmie ohdedl} mx lime`} hoe~qon de ~go xoqvmhoxmenux~q} zgmhg ols`d}x :?/ df ~go zdqbmej sdsuì~mde% Menux~q} ihhdue~x fdq i`ldx~ i yuiq~oq df i`` kdax, ien ijqmhu`~uqo òxx ~gie 9/% Owsdq~x ien mlsdq~x

ihhdue~ fdq 73/ df ~go Ao`jmie JNS% Ao`jmul”x lime ohdedlmh siq~eoqx iqoJoqlie}, Fqieho, ~go Eo~goqìenx, ~go _em~on Bmejndl ien ~go _em~on X~i~ox%

9?% Ao`jmul mx i fduenmej lolaoq df ~go O_ ien ~go Ohdedlmh ienLdeo~iq} _emde df hdue~qmox fdqlmej ~go ouqd iqoi% M~x hism~i`, Aquxxo`x, mxi`xd ~go goinyuiq~oqx df ~go Ouqdsoie Hdllmxxmde ien ldx~ O_ inlmemx~qi~mvo iu~gdqm~mox% Me innm~mde, Ao`jmul mx i fduenmej lolaoq df ~go DOHN ien~go _E, ix zo`` ix EI^D, zgmhg mx goinyuiq~oqon me Aquxxo`x% M~ mx i`xd ilolaoq df d~goq me~oqei~mdei` dqjiemxi~mdex xuhg ix ~go MLF ien ~go Z^D%Ix i lolaoq df ~go DOHN, Ao`jmul ~ibox siq~ me ~go J`dai` Fdqul%

Joeoqi` mefdqli~mde de ~go òji` ien ~iw x}x~ol

@oji` x}x~ol

96% Ao`jmul 'dq ~go Bmejndl df Ao`jmulmx i hdex~m~u~mdei` siq`miloe~iq} ldeiqhg}% Xmeho 9==>, m~ gix aooe i fonoqi` x~i~o hdexmx~mej df ~gqooQojmdex '~go Aquxxo`x Hism~i` Qojmde, ~go Fòlmxg Qojmde ien ~go Zi``ddeQojmde- ien ~gqoo Hdlluem~mox 'Fòlmxg, Fqoehg ien Joqliexsoibmej-%

^go qojmdex iqo nmvmnon me~d 93 sqdvmehox ien ?7= luemhmsi m~mox% ^go dffmhmi`ìejuijox iqo Nu~hg, Fqoehg ien Joqlie%

9:% I~ ~go fonoqi` òvo`, ~go òjmxì~uqo hdexmx~x df ~go Hgilaoq df Qosqoxoe~i~mvox ien ~go Xoei~o, ad~g oòh~on fdq fduq }oiqx% ^go owohu~mvo hdexmx~x df ~go Bmej ix Goin df X~i~o ien ~go jdvoqeloe~ òn a} ~go sqmlo lmemx~oq%^go owohu~mvo quex ~gdxo ixsoh~x df ~go hdue~q} zgmhg iqo ~go qoxsdexmam`m~} df ~go fonoqi` jdvoqeloe~ uenoq ~go Hdex~m~u~mde% ^gmx iss`mox ~d li~~oqx me ~gofmeiehmi` xsgoqo%

97% ^go Ao`jmie òji` x}x~ol mx qdd~on me Qdlie ien Joqliemh ìz

bedze ix hmvm` ìz% I~ ~go fonoqi` òvo`, ~go 9==> Hdex~m~u~mde hdex~m~u~ox ~go




ME^QDN_H^MDE ‘ 98

smeeihò df ~go gmoqiqhg} df edqlx% Zgmò ~go Ao`jmie Hdex~m~u~mde ndox ed~qofoq ~d ~go sdxm~mde df me~oqei~mdei` ~qoi~mox me ~gmx gmoqiqhg}, ~go sqmlih} df me~oqei~mdei` ìz dvoq ndlox~mh ìz gix aooe hdefmqlon a} ~go hixo ìz df ~go Ao`jmie Xusqolo Hduq~ df Issoi` me xd fiq ix ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn mx

`mbo`} ~d givo i nmqoh~ mlsih~, dq me d~goq zdqnx ~d ao xuffmhmoe~`} hòiq, hdl sqogoexmvo ien sqohmxo, ~d joeoqi~o qmjg~x ien da`mji~mdex fdq sqmvi~o menmvmnui`x df m~x dze ihhdqn% ^gmx mx ~go hixo me xd fiq ix ~go viùo df i ~iw ~qoi~} meqoì~mde ~d Ao`jmie ndlox~mh òjmxì~mde mx hdehoqeon%

îw x}x~ol

9=% ^go Ao`jmie ~iw x}x~ol mx aixon de ~go Hdex~m~u~mde zgmhg du~`meox~go ndlmeie~ sqmehmsòx, eilo`} ~go òji`m~} df ~iwi~mde ien oyui`m~} vmxãvmx ~iwi~mde% ^go ~iw x}x~ol mx inlmemx~oqon a} ~go Xoqvmho Sua`mh Fíníqi`Fmeiehox 'XSF Fmeiehox, ~go Ao`jmie Fonoqi` Sua`mh Xoqvmho Fmeieho- zgmhgmx xdde ~d ao qox~quh~uqon me ihhdqnieho zm~g ~go eoz òji` ien qojuì~dq} fqilozdqb inds~on i~ ~go oen df 133=% M~ mx owsoh~on ~gi~ ~go XSF zm`` ao dqjiemxon me~d xmw iu~dedldux nmvmxmdex, oihg me hgiqjo df deo iqoi df hdlso~oeho% Deo df ~goxo nmvmxmdex zm`` ao me hgiqjo df ~iwi~mde, ied~goq mehgiqjo df hd`òh~mde, ien ied~goq me hgiqjo df ~go fmjg~ ijimex~ ~iw fqiun%

13% Ei~uqi` soqxdex dq òji` oe~m~mox qoxmnoe~ me Ao`jmul iqo xuakoh~ ~d~iwi~mde de zdq`n mehdlo% I`` ei~uqi` soqxdex zgdxo ndlmhmò mx me Ao`jmuldq zgdxo xoi~ df fdq~ueo mx `dhi~on me Ao`jmul iqo qojiqnon ix qoxmnoe~x%

Aiqqmej ie} ovmnoeho ~d ox~ia`mxg d~goqzmxo, ien me xmlsò ~oqlx, i`` ei~uqi` soqxdex oe~oqon me ~go Ei~mdei` Qojmx~q}? iqo qoxmnoe~x% I`` hdlsiemox zm~g~gomq qojmx~oqon dffmho me Ao`jmul, ~gomq sqmehmsi` ox~ia`mxgloe~ me Ao`jmul,dq zgdxo xoi~ df lieijoloe~ dq df inlmemx~qi~mde mx `dhi~on me Ao`jmul iqohdexmnoqon ~d ao Ao`jmie qoxmnoe~x% Loiezgmò edeqoxmnoe~ ei~uqi` dq òji` soqxdex iqo ~iwon de ~gomq mehdlo fqdl Ao`jmie xduqhox%

19% Ix i lolaoq df ~go Ouqdsoie _emde, Ao`jmul ~ibox siq~ me ~gohdllde x}x~ol df VI^ i~ i x~ieniqn qi~o df 19/ ien i qonuhon qi~o df 6/% Sqdfoxxmdei` mehdlo df ei~uqi` soqxdex mx ~iwon i~ sqdjqoxxmvo qi~ox df

ao~zooe 1?/ iss`mhiaò ~d ~go ~iwiaò mehdlo aqihbo~ ao`dz O_Q : =33, ien?3/ iss`mhiaò ~d ~go ~iwiaò mehdlo aqihbo~ iadvo O_Q 8> 883% Mehdlofqdl hism~i` simn ~d ei~uqi` soqxdex mx ~iwon i~ i sqdsdq~mdei` qi~o ~gi~viqmox ao~zooe 9?/ ien 1?/, dq mx xuakoh~ ~d owols~mdex% Hdlsiemox iqo~iwon i~ i qi~o df 88/, dq, me hixox me zgmhg ~iwiaò mehdlo ndox ed~ owhoonO_Q 811 ?33, de sqdjqoxxmvo qi~ox qiejmej ao~zooe 1>%1?/ ien 8>%?/%

?% ^go ei~mdei` qojmx~q} mx ie M^ x}x~ol ~go suqsdxo df zgmhg mx ~d oexuqo ~go qojmx

~qi~mde, x~dqijo ien hdlluemhi~mde df mefdqli~mde qoì~mej ~d ~go mnoe~mfmhi~mde

df ei~uqi` soqxdex% ^go eulaoq me ~go ei~mdei` qojmx~q} mx i`xd hi`òn ‐~iw mnoe~m

fmhi~mde eulaoq“%




9> ‘ ME^QDN_H^MDE

11% Me 133:, ~go ~d~i` ~iw qovoeuo me Ao`jmul x~ddn i~ >>/ df JNS, zm~gVI^ qosqoxoe~mej 96%8/ df ~iw qovoeuo, soqxdei` mehdlo ~iw 1=%8/ien hdq sdqi~o mehdlo ~iw 7%1/%

18% Ao jmul”x ~iw qo i~mdex zm~g m~x eomjgaduqx ni~o aihb i voq} `dej ~mlo,xmeho ~go hdue~q} mx siq~} ~d ~go zdq`n”x d`nox~ ~iw ijqooloe~ x~m`` me fdqho, eilo`}~go 97>8 FqiehdAo`jmie hdevoe~mde jdvoqemej qoì~mdex ao~zooe ~go x~ils ~iwiu~gdqm~mox me Fqieho ien Ao`jmul% dni}, Ao`jmul”x ~qoi~} eo~zdqb hdvoqx 991 kuqmxnmh~mdex, == df zgmhg iqo hdvoqon a} nduaò ~iw ~qoi~mox ien 98 d~goqx a} ~iwmefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~x% Xmeho Liqhg 133= ien m~x fdqli` hdllm~loe~ ~d mlsòloe~mej ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqnx df ~qiexsiqoeh}, Ao`jmul gixxmjeon >3 ijqooloe~x ien sqd~dhd`x hdls`}mej zm~g ~go x~ieniqn, me siq~mhuìq ixqojiqnx ~go owhgiejo df aiebmej mefdqli~mde, ien hde~meuox ~d ao ih~mvo me ~gmxiqoi%

1>% Ix ie O_ lolaoq hdue~q}, Ao`jmul owhgiejox mefdqli~mde me ihhdqnieho zm~g Nmqoh~mvo ::$:==$OOH hdehoqemej Lu~ui` Ixxmx~ieho me ~go fmo`n df Nmqoh~ îwi~mde, ~go qovmxmde df zgmhg zix qohoe~`} inds~on a} ~go Ouqdsoie_emde Hduehm`% Ao`jmul mx i`xd siq~} ~d ~go DOHN$Hduehm` df OuqdsoHdevoe~mde de Lu~ui` Inlmemx~qi~mvo Ixxmx~ieho me îw Li~~oqx ien zm`` xdde ao i xmjei~dq} ~d ~go sqd~dhd` df 1: Li} 1393 iloenmej ~gmx hdevoe~mde%

1?% ^go Lmemx~oq df Fmeieho gix noòji~on ~go qdò df hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~}~d XSF Fmeiehox zgmhg i`xd qosqoxoe~x Ao`jmul me me~oqei~mdei` dqjiemxi~mdexzgoqo mxxuox hdehoqemej ~go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde de ~iw li~~oqx iqo nmx

huxxon, zgo~goq i~ O_, DOHN dq J`dai` Fdqul òvo`x%

Dvoqvmoz df ~go fmeiehmi` xoh~dq ien ~go qoòvie~ sqdfoxxmdex

16% ^go hdllmxxmde aiehimqo, fmeiehmçqo o~ nox ixxuqiehox 'HAFI, dq ~goAiebmej, Fmeieho ien Mexuqieho Hdllmxxmde- mx ~go xdò Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~}qoxsdexmaò fdq ~go xusoqvmxmde df ldx~ fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mdex ien fmeiehmi` xoqvmhox fdq ~go sua`mh% ^gqdujg m~x ih~mvm~mox, m~ xoobx ~d sqd~oh~ xivoqx ien mexuqon siq~mox ien ~d oexuqo ~go sqdsoq dsoqi~mde df liqbo~x me fmeiehmi` mex~quloe~x%

1:% Me~oqlonmiq} ih~mvm~mox me fmeiehmi` xoqvmhox iqo ~go xdò sqoxoqvo df soqxdex dq oe~m~mox qojmx~oqon zm~g ~go HAFI dq ~go xmlmìq iu~gdqm~} df ~gogdlo hdue~q} me ~go hixo df ~gdxo ~gi~ iqo ox~ia`mxgon me ied~goq x~i~o df ~goOuqdsoie Ohdedlmh Iqoi%

17% Ihhdqnmej ~d ~go ldx~ qohoe~ x~i~mx~mhx ivimìaò, ~goqo iqo ?: hqonm~mex~m~u~mdex hdlsqmxmej hdlsiemox sqmliqm`} mevd`von me qohomvmej ldeo}nosdxm~on a} ~go sua`mh dq d~goq qohdvoqiaò fuenx ien me jqie~mej hqonm~de ~gomq dze aogi`f% Me innm~mde, >7 mevox~loe~ fmqlx givo ~gomq qojmx~oqondffmho me Ao`jmul ien 11 aqiehgox df mevox~loe~ fmqlx zm~g ~gomq qojmx~oqon




ME^QDN_H^MDE ‘ 9?

dffmho o`xozgoqo me ~go Ouqdsoie Ohdedlmh Iqoi iqo ox~ia`mxgon me Ao`jmul%Fmei``}, 96= hd`òh~mvo mevox~loe~ uenoq~ibmejx iqo inlmemx~oqon me Ao`jmul%

1=% Me Ao`jmul, qoi` ox~i~o ijoe~x, ed~iqmox 'dvoq 9 333-, aim`mffx, aiqqmx~oqx

'9? 333-, ihhdue~ie~x ien ~iw ihhdue~ie~x '6 333-, hoq~mfmon sua`mh ihhdue~ie~xien ~iw hdexu`~ie~x 'i`ldx~ 93 333- iqo i`` qojiqnon ix hdex~m~u~mej edefmeiehmi` sqdfoxxmdex ien oe~oqsqmxox uenoq ie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde ieniqo qoyumqon, suqxuie~ ~d ~gmx òjmxì~mde, ~d soqfdql i hux~dloq nuo nm`mjoeho%

Qohoe~ novo`dsloe~x

83% Ao`jmul gix xmjeon >9 ijqooloe~x ien sqd~dhd`x ~gi~ hdls`} om~goq zm~g iq~mhò 16 df ~go DOHN Ldno` iw Hdevoe~mde dq zm~g ~go DOHN Ldno`de iw Mefdqli~mde Owhgiejo Ijqooloe~, >3 df ~gol xmeho Liqhg 133=% ^go`mx~ df ijqooloe~x edz aomej eojd~mi~on li} ao ihhoxxon de ~go XSF Fmeiehoxzoaxm~o% M~ menmhi~ox ~gi~, aoxmnox ~go >9 ijqooloe~x i`qoin} hdehùnon,Ao`jmul gix mem~mi`òn 1> innm~mdei` ijqooloe~x ~gi~ hdls`} zm~g ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn ien gix xoe~ dvoq 63 d~goq sqdsdxi`x, ~go hde~ih~on kuqmxnmh~mdex aomej me sdxm~mde ~d ihhos~ dq qofuxo ~go Ao`jmul sqdsdxi` ~d eojd~mi~o%

89% Me boosmej zm~g m~x hdllm~loe~, me Liqhg 133=, Ao`jmul nohmnon~d me~qdnuho ~go iu~dli~mh owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde uenoq 'O_- Hduehm`Nmqoh~mvo 1338$>7$OH, ~go ‐Xivmejx Nmqoh~mvo“, zm~g offoh~ fqdl 9 Kieuiq}1393% Me~oqox~ simn a} Ao`jmie me~oqlonmiqmox ix df ~gi~ ni~o zm`` ao xuakoh~ me

1399 ~d iu~dli~mh owhgiejox df mefdqli~mde zm~g ~go 88 kuqmxnmh~mdex6 ~gi~ iqo siq~} ~d ~gmx Nmqoh~mvo '~go ~qiexsdxm~mde df ~goxo sqdvmxmdex mx juiqie~oon meiq~mhò 887 amx df HMQ =1-%

81% Fmei``}, Ao`jmul gix noldex~qi~on m~x hdllm~loe~ ~d ad~g ~go Sqdsdxi` fdq i Hduehm` Nmqoh~mvo de Inlmemx~qi~mvo Hddsoqi~mde me ~go fmo`n df îwi~mde, zgmhg zix inds~on nuqmej m~x sqoxmnoeh} df ~go Hduehm` df ~goOuqdsoie _emde nuqmej ~go xohden xolox~oq df 1393, ix zo`` ix ~go 1: Li}1393 sqd~dhd` iloenmej ~go DOHN$Hduehm` df Ouqdso Hdevoe~mde de Lu~ui` Inlmemx~qi~mvo Ixxmx~ieho me îw Li~~oqx%

6% Lolaoq x~i~ox df ~go Ouqdsoie _emde ix zo`` ix Iquai, Aqm~mxg Vmqjme Mxìenx,

Juoqexo}, Mxò df Lie, Koqxo}, Lde~xoqqi~, ien ~go Eo~goqìenx Ie~m`òx




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ 9:

Hdls`mieho zm~g ~go X~ieniqnx

I% Ivimìam`m~} df Mefdqli~mde

Dvoqvmoz

88% Offoh~mvo owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde qoyumqox ~go ivimìam`m~} df qo`miaòmefdqli~mde% Me siq~mhuìq, m~ qoyumqox mefdqli~mde de ~go mnoe~m~} df dzeoqx ien

d~goq x~ibogd`noqx me ie oe~m~} dq iqqiejoloe~ ix zo`` ix mefdqli~mde de ~go~qiexih~mdex hiqqmon du~ a} oe~m~mox ien d~goq dqjiemxi~mdei` x~quh~uqox% Xuhgmefdqli~mde li} ao bos~ fdq ~iw, qojuì~dq}, hdlloqhmi` dq d~goq qoixdex% Mf xuhg mefdqli~mde mx ed~ bos~ dq ~go mefdqli~mde mx ed~ lime~imeon fdq i qoixdeiaò

soqmdn df ~mlo, i kuqmxnmh~mde”x hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~} li} ed~ ao ia o ~d da~ime ien sqdvmno m~ zgoe qoyuox~on% ^gmx xoh~mde df ~go qosdq~ ixxoxxox ~go inoyuih} df Ao`jmul”x òji` ien qojuì~dq} fqilozdqb de ivimìam`m~} df mefdqli~mde%

8>% Ao`jmul gix i xduen òji` ien qojuì~dq} fqilozdqb ix qojiqnx ~goda`mji~mde ~d oexuqo ~gi~ mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej ~go mnoe~m~} df xgiqogd`n

oqx me hdlsiemox ien siq~eoqxgmsx mx bos~ ivimìaò% I`` xuhg oe~m~mox givo ~d sqdvmno ~go qojmx~q} df ~go `dhi``} hdlso~oe~ hdlloqhmi` hduq~ zm~g i hds}df ~gomq iq~mhòx df mehdqsdqi~mde 'loldqienul df ixxdhmi~mde-% Ie ow~qih~ df ~gmx ndhuloe~ mx sua`mxgon me ~go Ldem~ouq ao`jo 'Ao`jmul”x ‐dffmhmi` kduqei`“- ien ~go hdlsie} hdehoqeon mx ~goe qojmx~oqon me ~go ‐Aieyuo Hiqqofduq nox Oe~qosqmxox“ R‐AHO“\- hdex~m~u~mej ~go Ao`jmie qojmx~oq df òji` oe~m~mox%Mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej ~go mnoe~m~} df xgiqogd`noqx ~gi~ gix ~d ao nmxh`dxon i~~gmx sdme~ mx `mlm~on ~d ~gdxo kdme~`} ien xovoqi``} `miaò fdq ~go hdlsie}”x noa~x%

8?% ^giebx ~d d~goq lohgiemxlx, xuhg ix ~go xgiqox qojmx~oqx fdq mex~ieho,

i`` mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej xgiqogd`noqx me hdlsiemox ed~ `mx~on de i x~dhb




97 ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE

owhgiejo, eilo`} xdhmí~íx sqmvíox ã qoxsdexiam`m~í mlm~ío 'XSQ@x, dq `mlm~on`miam`m~} hdlsiemox-, xdhmí~íx hddsíqi~mvo ã qoxsdexiam m~í m` mlm~ío 'XHQMx, dq hddsoqi~mvo hdlsiemox zm~g ue`mlm~on `miam`m~}- ien xdhmí~íx hddsíqi~mvox ãqoxsdexiam`m~í `mlm~ío 'XHQ@x, dq hddsoqi~mvo hdlsiemox zm~g `mlm~on `miam`m~}-

mx ivimìaò ~d ~go Ao`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox%

86% Mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej xgiqogd`noqx me xdhmí~íx iede}lox 'XIx, dq sua`mh `mlm~on hdlsiemox- ien xdhmí~íx oe hdllienm~o siq ih~mdex 'XHIx, dq siq~eoqxgmsx `mlm~on a} xgiqoxmx ivimìaò me ldx~ xm~ui~mdex% ^go ìz df 9>Noholaoq 133? iad`mxgon aoiqoq xgiqox ien qoyumqox ~gol ~d ao hdevoq~onme~d qojmx~oqon dq oòh~qdemh xohuqm~mox:% Ix df 9 Kieuiq} 1337, aoiqoq xgiqoxhie ed `dejoq ao mxxuon, ien aoiqoq xgiqox me `mx~on hdlsiemox iqo iad`mxgon%^go hdevoqxmde sqdhoxx fdq aoiqoq xgiqox me ue`mx~on hdlsiemox zm`` aohdlsò~on a} 89 Noholaoq 1398, i~ ~go ì~ox~% Me ~go loie~mlo, ~go Ao`jmie

iu~gdqm~mox givo su~ lohgiemxlx me sìho ~d fihm`m~i~o ~gmx hdevoqxmde% ^goxolohgiemxlx hdu`n, gdzovoq, ao x~qoej~goeon ~d ihhoòqi~o ~go hdevoqxmde df ~goxo xgiqox%

8:% Mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej siq~eoqxgmsx ien soqxdex mevd`von zm~g fdueni~mdex mx ivimìaò% Zgoqo ~qux~x iqo hdehoqeon ien ovoe ~gdujg ~go Ao`jmieòjmxì~mde ndox ed~ sqdvmno fdq ~go mex~m~u~mde df ~qux~x df Ao`jmie ìz, ~qux~xli} ao inlmemx~oqon fqdl Ao`jmul dq ixxo~x `dhi~on me Ao`jmul li} aodzeon a} i ~qux~% Ix i sqdfoxxmdei , i ~qux~oo mx qoyumqon ~d boos i`` mefdqli~mde eoonon ~d no~oqlmeo gmx$goq mehdlo, zgmhg zdu`n mehùno mefdqli~mde

de ~go sqdsoq~} me ~go ~qux~, ~go xo~~`dq ien ~go aoeofmhmiqmox% Me innm~mde, ~goie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde inds~on a} Ao`jmul x~i~ox ~gi~ xoqvmho sqdvmnoqx lux~ boos qohdqnx qojiqnmej xo~~`dqx ien aoeofmhmiqmox df ~qux~x%

87% Ie} oe~m~} xuakoh~ ~d hdqsdqi~o mehdlo ~iw dq òji` oe~m~mox mehdlo~iw mx qoyumqon ~d boos i qohdqn df ihhdue~mej ni~i ien xussdq~mej ndhuloe~xfdq i xovoe}oiq soqmdn% ^gmx oexuqox ~go ivimìam`m~} df ~gmx mefdqli~mde%

8=% Aiebx ien fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mdex iqo qoyumqon ~d soqfdql i hux~dloq nuo nm`mjoeho ien ~d gd`n qohdqnx df ~qiexih~mdex hdenuh~on a} ~gomq hux~dloqx fdq i soqmdn df i~ òix~ fmvo }oiqx suqxuie~ ~d ie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmx

ì~mde, ien fdq i soqmdn df xovoe }oiqx suqxuie~ ~d ihhdue~mej òjmxì~mde%

:% Ie oòh~qdemh xohuqm~} mx i xohuqm~} qojmx~oqon de ie ihhdue~ zm~g i hòiqmej

dqjiem{i~mde 'Ouqdhòiq Ao`jmul dq ~go Ei~mdei` Aieb df Ao`jmuldq i qohdj

emxon ihhdue~ gd`noq 'o%j% hqonm~ mex~m~u~mdex-




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ 9=

I%9% Dzeoqxgms ien mnoe~m~} mefdqli~mde

Kuqmxnmh~mdex xgdu`n oexuqo ~gi~ dzeoqxgms ien mnoe~m~} mefdqli~mde fdq i`` qoòvie~

oe~m~mox ien iqqiejoloe~x mx ivimìaò ~d ~gomq hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~mox%

Hdlsiemox ' dQ I%9%9-

>3% Fmvo bmenx df hdlsiemox li} ao ox~ia`mxgon me Ao`jmul;

^go XI 'sua`mh `mlm~on hdlsie}- ‘ Hdlsie} Hdno ‘ Addb MV ienAddb VMMM ‘ mx i hdlsie} hdexmx~mej df i~ òix~ ~zd xgiqogd`noqx, zm~g ihism~i` df i~ òix~ O_Q 69 ?33% ^go XI gix ~d ao mehdqsdqi~on a} ed~iqmi`noon% Me Ao`jmul, ~go XI mx iadvo i`` ~go fdql df hdlsie} sqofoqqon a} ìqjooe~oqsqmxox, au~ m~ mx i`xd hgdxoe a} xli`` ien lonmul oe~oqsqmxox jmvoe ~gi~,owhos~ me hoq~ime xsohmfmh xm~ui~mdex, ~gomq xohuqm~mox iqo qoinm`} ~qiexfoqiaò,zgmhg mx ed~ ~go hixo zm~g d~goq bmenx df hdlsiemox ~gi~ hie ao xo~ us meAo`jmul% => 333 hdlsiemox me Ao`jmul iqo sua`mh `mlm~on hdlsiemox% 7

^go XO 'Ouqdsoie Hdlsie}-% Ouqdsoie hdlsiemox iqo qojuì~on a}Hduehm` Qojuì~mde 'OH- Ed 19?:$1339 df 7 Dh~daoq 1339 de ~go X~i~u~o fdq i Ouqdsoie hdlsie} 'XO-, zgmhg zix ~qiexsdxon me~d Ao`jmie ìz a} Qd}i`Nohqoo df 9 Xos~olaoq 133>, i``dzmej fdq ~go hqoi~mde ien lieijoloe~ df hdlsiemox zm~g i Ouqdsoie nmloexmde, ien ed~ x~qmh~`} fi``mej uenoq ~go ~oqqm~dqmi` xhdso df ~go ndlox~mh hdlsiemox òjmxì~mde me fdqho me ~go hdue~q} zgoqo

~go} givo aooe mehdqsdqi~on% Suqxuie~ ~d Iq~mhò 93 df ~go O_ Qojuì~mde, ~goìzx ~gi~ iss`} ~d XOx iqo ~gdxo ~gi~ iss`} ~d sua`mh `mlm~on hdlsiemox 'XIx-%Ihhdqnmej`}, ~go ìzx ~gi~ iss`} ~d Ao`jmie XIx iss`} me ~go xilo hdenm~mdex~d XOx%

^go XHI 'siq~eoqxgms `mlm~on a} xgiqox- ‘ Hdlsie} Hdno ‘ Addb MV, Addb VMMM ien Addb MW ‘ mx fdqlon ao~zooe deo dq xovoqi` siq~eoqx zgdiqo kdme~`} ien xovoqi``} `miaò, '~go ih~mvo siq~eoqx-, ien deo dq ldqo `mlm~onxgiqogd`noqx zgdxo qoxsdexmam`m~} mx `mlm~on ~d ~go ildue~ df ~gomq hde~qmau~mdex '~go `mlm~on`miam`m~} dq ndqlie~ siq~eoqx-% ^go XHI hdexmx~x df i~ òix~

~zd xgiqogd`noqx, deo df zgdl lux~ ao ih~mvo ien ~go d~goq i `mlm~on 'dq ndqlie~- siq~eoq% Xgiqox iqo fqoo`} eojd~miaò% Zm~g i lmemlul hism~i` df O_Q 69 ?33, ~go XHI lux~ ao fdqlon a} ed~iqmi` noon% ^gmx ~}so df hdl sie} mx qiqo`} uxon%

^go XSQ@ '`mlm~on `miam`m~} hdlsie}- ‘ Hdlsie} Hdno ‘ Addb MVien Addb VM ‘ mx fdqlon a} deo dq xovoqi` soqxdex zgdxo qoxsdexmam`m~} mx`mlm~on ~d ~go òvo` df ~gomq hde~qmau~mdex% ^go XSQ@ mx ~go de`} Ao`jmie ìzhdlsie} ~gi~ hie ao ox~ia`mxgon a} deo soqxde i`deo% ^go xgiqox mxxuon a}

7% X~i~mx~mhx fqdl 1337, xduqho; Ao`jmie Ei~mdei` Aieb%





~go hdlsie} iqo lieni~dqm`} qojmx~oqon xgiqox ~gi~ iqo de`} ~qiexfoqiaòuenoq hoq~ime hmqhulx~iehox% M~x xgiqo hism~i` lux~ ao fu``} xuaxhqmaon zgoe~go hdlsie} mx fdqlon ien ildue~ ~d i~ òix~ O_Q 97 ??3% ^go iq~mhòx df mehdqsdqi~mde givo ~d ao nqif~on a} ed~iqmi` noon% ^goqo iqo 113 333 XSQ@x

me Ao`jmul%

^go XHQM 'hddsoqi~mvo hdlsie} zm~g ue`mlm~on `miam`m~}- ‘ Hdlsie}Hdno ‘ Addb MV ien Addb VMM ‘ hdexmx~x df i~ òix~ ~gqoo siq~eoqx% Ed lmemlul hism~i` mx qoyumqon ~d hqoi~o m~% M~ li} ao mehdqsdqi~on a} ed~iqmi` noon au~ mehdqsdqi~mde a} sqmvi~o noon mx i`xd ihhos~on% 1 333 Ao`jmie hdlsiemox~ibo ~go fdql df XHQM%

^go XHQ@ 'hddsoqi~mvo hdlsie} zm~g `mlm~on `miam`m~}- ‘ Hdlsie}Hdno ‘ Addb MV ien Addb VMM ‘ hdexmx~x df siq~eoqx, zgdxo eulaoq ienhde~qmau~mdex li} viq}% ^go XHQ@ lux~ ao fdqlon a} i~ òix~ ~gqoo soqxdex%M~ li} ao mehdqsdqi~on a} ed~iqmi` dq sqmvi~o noon% Dvoq 7 333 Ao`jmie hdl siemox ~ibo ~gmx fdql%

Sua`mhm~} ien qojmx~qi~mde fdqli m~mox

>9% Me Ao`jmul, XIx, XHIx ien XSQ@x givo ~d ao mehdqsdqi~on a}ed~iqmi` noon 'm%o% deo nqif~on a} i ed~iq}-% XHQ@x ien XHQMx, de ~go d~goq gien, li} ao xo~ us a} sqmvi~o noon% Gdzovoq, mqqoxsoh~mvo df ~go noon ienme hdls`mieho zm~g iq~mhò 6: df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno, i hds} df ~go noon df

mehdqsdqi~mde, ~djo~goq zm~g ie ow~qih~ df ~go noon, givo ~d ao nosdxm~on i~~go qojmx~q} df ~go `dhi` hdlloqhmi` hduq~ hdlso~oe~ fdq ~go sìho zgoqo ~gohdlsie} gix m~x qojmx~oqon dffmho zm~gme 9? ni}x fd``dzmej m~x mehdqsdqi~mde'iq~mhò 67 df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno-%

>1% Iq~mhò 6= df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno x~msuì~ox ~gi~ ~go ow~qih~ df ~go noondf mehdqsdqi~mde xgdu`n mehùno ~go fd``dzmej mefdqli~mde;

~go fdql df ~go hdlsie} ien m~x hdqsdqi~o eilo2

~go sqohmxo innqoxx df m~x qojmx~oqon dffmho2

~go òej~g df ~mlo ~go hdlsie} zm`` ao me owmx~oeho zgoqo ~gmx mx ed~ue`mlm~on2

~go sqohmxo mnoe~m~} df m~x kdme~`} ien xovoqi``} `miaò siq~eoqx, m~xfduenoqx ien siq~eoqx zgd givo }o~ ~d si} us ~gomq hde~qmau~mde2 me~go ì~~oq hixo, ~go ow~qih~ xsohmfmox ~go ildue~ nuo fqdl oihg siq~eoq2

~go ildue~ df xgiqo hism~i`2 ~go ildue~ df simnus hism~i`2 ~go ildue~df iu~gdqmxon hism~i`2




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ 19

~go zi} me zgmhg ~go xgiqo hism~i` dq, d~goqzmxo, ~go siq~eoqxgms fuenmx fdqlon ien, zgoqo iss`mhiaò, ~go fmenmejx df ~go qosdq~ df ~gohdlsie} iunm~dq hdehoqemej hde~qmau~mdex me bmen2

~go mnoe~m~} df ~go soqxdex iu~gdqmxon ~d inlmemx~oq ~go hdlsie} ienlibo amenmej hdllm~loe~x de m~x aogi`f, ~go ow~oe~ df ~gomq sdzoqxien gdz ~go} iqo ~d ao owoqhmxon, zgo~goq ih~mde mx ~iboe xmejògienon`}, kdme~`} dq me jqdusx2

~go no~imòn noxhqms~mde df oihg hde~qmau~mde, ~go eilo df ~go hde~qmau~dq, ~go eilo df ~go hdlsie} iunm~dq, ien ~go hdehùxmdex df gmxdq goq qosdq~, ~go eulaoq ien edlmei` viùo df ~go xgiqox, dq me ~goovoe~ df ed edlmei` viùo, ~go eulaoq df xgiqox mxxuon me qo~uqe fdq oihg hde~qmau~mde, ix zo`` ix ‘ zgoqo iss`mhiaò ‘ ~go d~goq hdenm~mdex i~~ihgon ~d ~go hde~qmau~mde%

>8% ^go ow~qih~ df ~go noon df mehdqsdqi~mde fmòn zm~g ~go hdlloqhmi`hduq~ mx ~goe sua`mxgon me ~go Ldem~ouq ao`jo 'Ao`jmul”x dffmhmi` kduqei`-%^gmx mx ndeo a} ~go hduq~ qojmx~q} zm~gme 9? ni}x fd``dzmej xualmxxmde df ~gondhuloe~x% I`` ndhuloe~x xualm~~on ~d ~go qojmx~q} iqo bos~ fdq ie ue`mlm~on soqmdn%

>>% ^go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ qojmx~q} i`xd sìhox ~go mefdqli~mde zm~g ~goAieyuo Hiqqofduq nox Oe~qosqmxox 'AHO-, ~go qojmx~q} df òji` oe~m~mox qojmx~oqon me Ao`jmul%

>?% Ox~ia`mxgon uenoq ~go ìz df 96 Kieuiq} 1338, ~go AHO mx i qojmx~q}bos~ a} ~go Fonoqi` Sua`mh Xoqvmho Ohdedl}, ~go suqsdxo df zgmhg mx ~dqojmx~oq, xifojuiqn, lieijo ien libo ivimìaò mefdqli~mde qojiqnmej ~gomnoe~mfmhi~mde df oe~oqsqmxox 'iq~mhò 8 df ~go ìz-% Ie} Ao`jmie òji` oe~m~},ie} fdqomje òji` oe~m~} zm~g i xoi~ me Ao`jmul ien ie} ox~ia`mxgloe~ lux~ aoqojmx~oqon me ~go AHO%

>6% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò 6 df ~go ìz df 96 Kieuiq} 1338, ~go AHO hde~imex, ildej d~goqx ien fdq i soqmdn df 83 }oiqx fqdl ~go ni} òji` oe~m~mox`dxo ~gomq òji` soqxdei`m~} dq soqlieoe~`} hoixo ~gomq ih~mvm~}, ~go fd``dzmej

mefdqli~mde;

~go eilo, hdqsdqi~o eilo dq auxmeoxx eilo df ~go oji` oe~m~}2

~go sqohmxo viqmdux innqoxxox2

~go òji` fdql ien òji` x~i~ux2

~go ni~o df mehdqsdqi~mde ien ~oqlmei~mde df ~go oe~oqsqmxo2

~go ni~i mnoe~mf}mej ~go fduenoqx, edlmeoox ien iu~gdqmxon qosqoxoe~i~mvox%





>:% Me innm~mde, suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò 8:8 df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno, ~go lieijoloe~ adn} df i hddsoqi~mvo zm~g ue`mlm~on `miam`m~} lux~ xualm~ i `mx~ mei`sgiao~mhi` dqnoq xo~~mej du~ ~go mnoe~m~mox, dhhusi~mdex ien ndlmhmòx df i``hddsoqi~mvo siq~eoqx ~d ~go `dhi` hduq~ qojmx~q} ovoq} xmw lde~gx% Ie}deo

hie fqoo`} hdexu`~ ~goxo `mx~x ien da~ime hdsmox%

>7% Me `mjg~ df ~goxo qoyumqoloe~x, ~go eilox df ~go fduenmej siq~eoqx df hdlsiemox ien, me joeoqmh ~oqlx, ~go mnoe~m~} df ~go ih~mvo siq~eoqx me XHIx'ix kdme~`} ien xovoqi``} `miaò siq~eoqx- ien siq~eoqx '‐ixxdhmíx“- me XHQMxmx ivimìaò ~d ~go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox fqdl ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ dq ~go AHO%Fuq~goqldqo, me ~go hixo df kdme~`} ien xovoqi``} `miaò siq~eoqx, i`` hgiejoxzm~g qoxsoh~ ~d ~go mnoe~m~} df ~go siq~eoqx lux~ ao fmòn zm~g ~go hdlloqhmi`hduq~ qojmx~q} ien sua`mxgon me ~go Ldem~ouq Ao`jo ien me ~go AHO%

Qojmx~oq df qojmx~oqon xgiqox

>=% XSQ@ xgiqox, `mbo ~gdxo df XHQMx ien XHQ@x, givo ~d ao qojmx~oqon=

'iq~mhòx 181 ien 8?6 df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno-% ^go Hdno i`xd x~i~ox ~gi~ oihgdf ~goxo hdlsiemox xgdu`n gd`n i~ m~x qojmx~oqon dffmho i qojmx~oq df ~goxo qojmx~oqon xgiqox mehùnmej ~go mnoe~m~} df xgiqogd`noqx df XSQ@x ien siq~eoqxdf XHQMx ien XHQ@x, ix zo`` ix i`` xgiqo ~qiexfoqx zm~gme xuhg hdlsiemox'xoo iq~mhòx 188 ien 8?: df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno-% XSQ@x, XHQMx ien XHQ@xhieed~ mxxuo d~goq ~}sox df xgiqox%

?3% XIx ien XHIx iqo xuakoh~ ~d ~go xilo qoyumqoloe~% Zgoe qojmx~oqonxgiqox givo aooe mxxuon a} ~goxo hdlsiemox, ~go} lux~ bedz zgd ~gomq xgiqogd`noqx iqo ien, fdq ~gmx suqsdxo, givo ~d boos i qojmx~oq df ~go xgiqoxmehùnmej ie owih~ noxhqms~mde df oihg xgiqogd`noq, ~go eulaoq df xgiqox go`n,ix zo`` ix ~go ~qiexfoq, fdqziqnmej dq hdevoqxmde df ~go xohuqm~mox me yuox~mde'iq~mhò >68 df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno-% ^goxo hdlsiemox iqo i`xd i``dzon ~d mxxuooòh~qdemh xgiqox ~gi~ iqo fuq~goq noxhqmaon me ~go xoh~mde de aoiqoq xgiqox%

?9% Ie} me~oqox~on ~gmqn siq~}, mehùnmej ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox, li} hdexu`~~go qojmx~oq df qojmx~oqon xgiqox ien ~gux jo~ mefdqli~mde de ~go mnoe~m~} df ~goxgiqogd`noqx me ie XSQ@, dq ~go siq~eoqx me ie XHQ@ dq XHQM%

=% Me Fqoehg, ~goxo xgiqox iqo hi`òn ‐edlmei~mvo xgiqox“ ~gi~ mx, xgiqox zgdxo gd`noq

mnoe~m~} mx bedze fqdl ~go hdlsie}% ^gmx mnoe~m~} mx bedze aohiuxo ~goxo xgiqox

lux~ ao qojmx~oqon me ~go qojmx~q} df xgiqox%





îw qoyumqoloe~x

?1% Zgoe i hdlsie} mx hqoi~on, i hds} df ~go ow~qih~ df ~go noon df mehdq sdqi~mde lux~ ao xualm~~on ~d ~go oeqojmx~qoloe~ dffmho93 df XSF Fmeiehox%

Fuq~goqldqo, aofdqo x~iq~mej auxmeoxx, i hdlsie} mx da`mjon ~d iss`} fdq qojmx~qi~mde zm~g ~go VI^ iunm~mej dffmho fdq m~x sìho df ih~mvm~}% ^gmx fdqli`m~}mx lieni~dq} fdq ie}deo zmxgmej ~d ìuehg ie ohdedlmh ih~mvm~} zgo~goq ix ilime dq xohdeniq} `meo df auxmeoxx% Gdzovoq, ed mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej ~godzeoqxgms df ~go hdlsie} mx qoyumqon ~d ao sqdvmnon usde qojmx~qi~mde%

?8% ^goqo mx ed da`mji~mde ~d qojmx~oq zm~g ~go inlmemx~qi~mvo iu~gdqm~moxqoxsdexmaò fdq nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde% ^go ow~qih~ df ~go noon df mehdqsdqi~mde sua`mxgon me ~go Ldem~ouq ao`jo a} ~go qojmx~q} df ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ ien ~goqohdqnon mefdqli~mde oe~oqon me ~go qojmx~q} df òji` oe~m~mox i~ ~go AHO, i`dej

zm~g ~gi~ sqdvmnon ~d ~go VI^ iunm~mej dffmho ien ~go oeqojmx~qoloe~ dffmho df XSF Fmeiehox iqo fdqziqnon dq lino ivimìaò ~d ~go issqdsqmi~o inlmemx~qi~mvo iqoi dffmho qoxsdexmaò fdq nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde%

?>% Ao`jmie hdlsiemox hdvoqon a} ~gmx xoh~mde df ~go qosdq~ iqo xuakoh~~d hdqsdqi~o mehdlo ~iw 'iq~mhòx 1 ien 9:= df HMQ =1-% Ihhdqnmej`}, ~go} iqoqoyumqon ~d xualm~ ie ieeui` ~iw qo~uqe ~d ~go inlmemx~qi~mvo iu~gdqm~mox fdq nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde 'iq~mhò 83? df HMQ =1-%

??% ^go ndhuloe~x, x~i~oloe~x dq mefdqli~mde zgmhg givo ~d ao sqdvmnonix xsohmfmon me ~go nohìqi~mde fdql iqo ie me~ojqi` siq~ df ~go nohìqi~mde%

Ildej ~gol iqo ~go fd``dzmej;~go ieeui` ihhdue~x 'aiìeho xgoo~, sqdfm~ien`dxx ihhdue~ ien sdxxmaòissoenmhox-2

~go qosdq~x ~d ~go joeoqi` ixxola`} ien m~x nmxhuxxmdex 'mehùnmej ~go `mx~ df xgiqogd`noqx sqoxoe~-2

?6% Gdzovoq ~gmx li~oqmi` mx ed~ xuffmhmoe~ ~d oeiaò XSF Fmeiehox ~d gd`nusni~on mefdqli~mde de ~go mnoe~m~} df Ao`jmie hdlsie} xgiqogd`noqx uenoq i`` hmqhulx~iehox% ]o~ Ao`jmie òjmxì~mde hde~imex d~goq sqdvmxmdex zgmhg sqdvmno fdq ~go ivimìam`m~} df mefdqli~mde de xgiqogd`noqx ien me siq~mhuìq,~go xgiqogd`noqx df XIx ien XHIx%

Da`mji~mde ~d sua`mhmxo likdq gd`nmejx me i hdlsie}

?:% Suqxuie~ ~d O_ qojuì~mdex 'Nmqoh~mvo 133>$93=$OH-, de 1 Li} 133:,Ao`jmul inds~on i ìz de ~go sua`mhi~mde df likdq xgiqogd`nmejx me mxxumej adnmox zgdxo xgiqox iqo o`mjmaò fdq ~qinmej de i qojuì~on x~dhb owhgiejo%

93% ‐Oeqojmx~qoloe~“ dffmho; `dhi` ~iw dffmho zgoqo i`` noonx ien xdlo sqmvi~o hde

~qih~x xuakoh~ ~d i x~ils ~iw lux~ ao xualm~~on%




1> ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE

?7% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò 6 df ~gmx ìz, ie} ei~uqi` soqxde dq òji` oe~m~}~gi~ nmqoh~`} dq menmqoh~`} ihyumqox xohuqm~mox hdefoqqmej de m~ i vd~mej qmjg~xyud~i df ?/ dq ldqo df i`` vd~mej qmjg~x lux~ mefdql ~go hdlsie} ix zo`ìx ~go HAFI% ^gmx ed~mfmhi~mde mx i`xd qoyumqon zgoe ~go eulaoq df vd~mej

qmjg~x qoihgox dq owhoonx i yud~i df 93/, 9?/ dq 13/ ien me ~go ovoe~ df ie}fuq~goq mehqoixox df ?/%

?=% ^go mxxumej hdlsie} ~gi~ qohomvox ~gmx ed~mfmhi~mde lux~ oexuqo~gi~ m~ mx sua`mxgon de m~x zoaxm~o ed ì~oq ~gie ~gqoo ~qinmej ni}x fd``dzmejm~x qohoms~ 'iq~mhò 9> df ~go Qd}i` Nohqoo df 9> Foaquiq} 1337-% Me innm~mdeien suqxuie~ ~d ~go xilo iq~mhò, Ao`jmie mxxumej adnmox givo ~d xsohmf} me~go hism~i` x~i~oloe~ i~~ihgon ~d ~gomq ieeui` ihhdue~x ~go x~quh~uqo df ~gomq xgiqogd`nmej de ~go ni~o ~go ihhdue~x zoqo h`dxon, ix xgdze me ~go x~i~oloe~x~go} givo qohomvon iadu~ likdq gd`nmejx%

63% ^go offoh~ df ~gmx da`mji~mde mx ~gi~ i`` xgiqogd`nmejx me `mx~on Ao`jmiehdlsiemox me owhoxx df ?/ iqo sua`mh%

69% Fuq~goq qoyumqoloe~x nmqoh~`} noqmvo fqdl ~go òjmx i~mde de aoiqoq xgiqox inds~on a} Ao`jmul de 9> Noholaoq 133? 'xoo xoh~mde I%9%1 de aoiqoq xgiqox ao`dz-%

Fdqomje hdlsiemox

Lime ox~ia`mxgloe~ df i fdqomje hdlsie} ox~ia`mxgon me Ao`jmul

61% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò 993 df ~go sqmvi~o me~oqei~mdei` ìz hdno, zgmhgx~i~ox ~gi~ i ‐òji` oe~m~} mx jdvoqeon a} ~go ìz df ~go x~i~o me ~go ~oqqm~dq} mezgmhg m~x lime ox~ia`mxgloe~ mx xm~ui~on fqdl ~go ~mlo i~ zgmhg m~ mx fdqlon“,i fdqomje hdlsie} li} ao jdvoqeon a} Ao`jmie hdlsie} ìz mf m~ gix m~xlime ox~ia`mxgloe~ me Ao`jmul%

68% Me ~gmx xm~ui~mde, sua`mhm~}, qojmx~qi~mde ien qohdqnboosmej fdqli`m~mox iqo xmlmìq ~d ~gdxo iss`mhiaò ~d hdlsiemox nmqoh~`} ox~ia`mxgon uenoq Ao`jmie ìz% ^go ivimìam`m~} df mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej ~go dzeoqxgms df ~gdxo hdlsiemox noxhqmaon iadvo mx juiqie~oon uenoq ~go xilo ~oqlx%

Ao`jmie aqiehg df i fdqomje hdlsie}

6>% Iq~mhòx 797: df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno xo~ du~ ~go quòx fdq sua`mhm~} ~gi~iss`} ~d fdqomje hdlsiemox aqiehgox df zm~g ie ox~ia`mxgloe~ dq aqiehg meAo`jmul% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhòx 79 ien 71 df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno, aofdqo ox~ia`mxgmej i aqiehg me Ao`jmul, hdlsiemox jdvoqeon a} ~go ìz df ied~goq x~i~olux~ libo ~go fd``dzmej ndhuloe~x ien no~im`x sua`mh;




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ 1?

~go iq~mhòx df mehdqsdqi~mde 'loldqienul df ixxdhmi~mdeien$dq iq~mhòx df ixxdhmi~mde2

~go hdqsdqi~o eilo ien òji` fdql2

~go qojmx~q} zm~g zgmhg i fmò gix aooe dsoeon me ~go hdlsie} eiloien ~go qojmx~qi~mde eulaoq df ~go hdlsie} me ~gi~ qojmx~q}2

~go innqoxx ien noxhqms~mde df ih~mvm~mox df ~go aqiehg, ix zo`` ix m~xhdqsdqi~o eilo mf ~gmx mx ed~ ~go xilo ix ~gi~ df ~go hdlsie}2

~go eilo ien mnoe~m~} df ~go soqxdex olsdzoqon ~d hdllm~ ~go hdl sie} vmxãvmx ~gmqn siq~mox ien ~d qosqoxoe~ m~ me hduq~2

~go ieeui` ien hdexd`mni~on ihhdue~x df ~go hdlsie} fdq ~go ldx~qohoe~`} h`dxon fmeiehmi` }oiq%

6?% ^goxo ndhuloe~x iqo lino sua`mh me ~go 83 ni}x mllonmi~o`} fd``dzmej ~go dhhuqqoeho df ~go nohmxmde dq ~go ovoe~, a} ~go fm`mej zm~g ~go qojmx~q}df ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ me ~go kuqmxnmh~mde df zgmhg ~go aqiehg df ~go fdqomjehdlsie} mx `dhi~on 'iq~mhòx 78 ien 7> df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno-% ^go ndhuloe~xiqo bos~ de qohdqn a} ~go qojmx~q} ien ~go hdlsiemox hdehoqeon iqo oe~oqon me~go qojmx~q} df òji` oe~m~mox go`n a} ~go AHO%

66% ^go quòx fdq ~go qojmx~qi~mde df fdqomje hdlsiemox zm~g ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox iqo ~go xilo ix ~gdxo iss`mhiaò ~d Ao`jmie hdlsiemox; ~go} mevd`vo qojmx~qi~mde zm~g ~go issqdsqmi~o VI^ dffmho, zgmò ~go dffmho fdq nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde

mx mefdqlon df ~go hdlsie}”x owmx~oeho a} loiex df ~go mefdqli~mde ivimìaòfqdl ~go AHO, ~go oeqojmx~qoloe~ dffmho99 df XSF Fmeiehox ien ~go nosiq~loe~qoxsdexmaò fdq VI^%

Ie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde ien mefdqli~mde go`n a} edlmeoox

Ie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde

6:% ^go ie~mldeo} iuenoqmej quòx iqo xo~ du~ me ~go iz df 99 Kieuiq} 9==8

ix qohoe~`} iloenon a} ~go ìz df 97 Kieuiq} 139391 ien ~go Qd}i` Nohqoo df 6 Li} 1393% Fdq ~go adnmox ien soqxdex ~d zgdl ~go ìz iss mox, ~goxo quòxmehùno da`mji~mdex qojiqnmej ~go mnoe~mfmhi~mde df hux~dloqx ien voqmfmhi~mde df ~gomq mnoe~m~mox%

99% ‐Oeqojmx~qoloe~“ dffmho; `dhi` ~iw dffmho zgoqo i`` noonx ien xdlo sqmvi~o hde

~qih~x xuakoh~ ~d i x~ils ~iw lux~ ao xualm~~on%

91% ^go huqqoe~ IL@$HF^ òjmxì~mde lime`} noqmvox fqdl Nmqoh~mvo 133?$63$OH df

~go Ouqdsoie Siq`miloe~ ien df ~go Hduehm` df 16 Dh~daoq 133? de ~go Sqovoe~mde

df ~go uxo df ~go Fmeiehmi` X}x~ol fdq ~go Suqsdxo df Ldeo} @iuenoqmej ien

oqqdqmx~ Fmeiehmej%





67% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhòx 1 ien 8 df ~go ìz, ~go soqxdex ien oe~m~mox xuakoh~~d ~go da`mji~mde hdehoqemej h`moe~ mnoe~mfmhi~mde iqo;

hqonm~ ien fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mdex2

mevox~loe~ hdlsiemox2

aim`mffx ien ed~iqmox2

iunm~dqx, hgiq~oqon ihhdue~ie~x ien ~iw invmxoqx2 ien

ìz}oqx, òji` invmxoqx, me siq~mhuìq zgoe ~go} ih~ ix ~qux~ dq hdl sie} xoqvmho sqdvmnoqx dq zgoqo ~go} iqo mevd`von de aogi`f df ~gomq h`moe~x me ie} fmeiehmi` dq qoiòx~i~o ~qiexih~mde%

6=% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò : df ~go IL@$HF^ ìz ~goxo oe~m~mox ien sqdfox

xmdei`x iqo qoyumqon ~d soqfdql i hux~dloq nuo nm`mjoeho 'HNN- ien ~goqofdqomnoe~mf} ~gomq hux~dloqx ien h`moe~x zgoe;

i hux~dloq zmxgox ~d oe~oq me~d auxmeoxx qoì~mdexgmsx zgmhg zm``libo ~gi~ soqxde i qojuìq hux~dloq2

i hux~dloq zmxgox ~d hdlsò~o i ~qiexih~mde du~xmno ~go xhdso df ~go auxmeoxx qoì~mdex qofoqqon ~d mllonmi~o`} iadvo,

df zgmhg ~go ildue~ qoihgox dq owhoonx O_Q 93 333, zgo~goq ~go ~qiexih~mde mx hiqqmon du~ me deo dq xovoqi` dsoqi~mdex ~gi~issoiq ~d ao qoì~on2 dq

zgmhg mevd`vox i ~qiexfoq df fuenx me ~go xoexo df Qojuì~mde 'OH- Ed% 9:79$1336 df ~go Ouqdsoie Siq`miloe~ ien df ~go Hduehm` df Edvolaoq 9?, 1336 de mefdqli~mde de ~go si}oq ihhdlsie}mej~qiexfoqx df fuenx2

ldeo} ìuenoqmej dq ~go fmeiehmej df ~oqqdqmxl mx xuxsoh~on, du~xmnodf ~go xm~ui~mdex noxhqmaon me ~go fmqx~ ien xohden sdme~x iadvo2

~goqo iqo ndua~x iadu~ ~go ~qu~gfuèoxx dq ihhuqih} df ~go mnoe~mfmhi~mde ni~i hdehoqemej ie i`qoin} mnoe~mfmon hux~dloq%

:3% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhòx : ien 7 df ~go iz, zgoe ~go hux~dloq mx i hdl sie} dq i siq~eoqxgms, mnoe~mfmhi~mde df ~go hux~dloq ien voqmfmhi~mde df m~xmnoe~m~} mehùnox ~go hdqsdqi~o eilo, ~go qojmx~oqon dffmho, ~go adiqn lol

aoqx ien bedzònjo df sqdvmxmdex jdvoqemej ~go sdzoq ~d libo hdllm~loe~xde ~go hdlsie}”x aogi`f%

:9% Fuq~goqldqo, adnmox ien soqxdex hdlmej zm~gme ~go xhdso df ~goie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde lux~ mnoe~mf} ~go aoeofmhmi` dzeoq'x- df ~go hux~dloq ien ~ibo issqdsqmi~o loixuqox hdlloexuqi~o zm~g ~go qmxb, medqnoq ~d voqmf} ~gomq mnoe~m~mox% _enoq ~go ie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde,





aoeofmhmi` dzeoqx iqo ~d ao qojiqnon ix ~go deo dq ldqo ei~uqi` soqxdex de aogi`f df zgdl dq fdq ~go aoeofm~ df zgdl i ~qiexih~mde mx hdenuh~on dq i auxmeoxx qoì~mde mem~mi~on, dq ~go deo dq ldqo ei~uqi` soqxdex zgd u`~mli~o`} sdxxoxx dq hde~qd` ~go hux~dloq% ^gmx loiex me siq~mhuìq;

~go deo dq ldqo ei~uqi` soqxdex zgd u`~mli~o`} sdxxoxx dq hde~qd`nmqoh~`} dq menmqoh~`} ldqo ~gie 1?/ df ~go hdlsie}”x dq siq~eoqxgms”x xgiqox dq vd~mej qmjg~x2

~go deo dq ldqo ei~uqi` soqxdex zgd me xdlo d~goq zi} owoq~ hde~qd`dvoq ~go hdlsie}”x lieijoloe~%

:1% Mnoe~mfmhi~mde df ~go aoeofmhmi` dzeoq mx hdehoqeon zm~g ~go soqxde”xxuqeilo ien fmqx~ eilo ien, ~d ~go ow~oe~ sdxxmaò, ~go ni~o ien sìho df amq~g% Ix fiq ix sdxxmaò, qoòvie~ mefdqli~mde i`xd gix ~d ao ji~goqon iadu~

~go soqxde”x innqoxx% Me innm~mde, issqdsqmi~o loixuqox hdlloexuqi~o zm~g~go IL@$HF^ qmxb sqdfmò df ~go h`moe~98 givo ~d ao ~iboe ~d voqmf} ~gmxmefdqli~mde%

:8% ^go adnmox ien soqxdex zm~gme ~go xhdso df ~go ìz lux~ usni~o ~gomnoe~mfmhi~mde ni~i df ~go aoeofmhmi` dzeoqx df i h`moe~ zm~g zgmhg ~go} givo auxmeoxx qoì~mdexgmsx zgoe m~ issoiqx ~gi~ ~go mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej ~gdxo aoeofmhmiqmox mx ed `dejoq huqqoe~% ^go fqoyuoeh} df xuhg usni~ox mx nosoenoe~de ~go IL@$HF^ qmxb sqdfmò df ~go h`moe~%

Edlmeoox

:>% ^goqo mx ed xsohmfmh sqdvmxmde me Ao`jmie ~iw ìz ~gi~ noi`x zm~g ~goxsohmfmh yuox~mde df edlmeoox% Ie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde, gdzovoq,ox~ia`mxgox ie da`mji~mde qojiqnmej mnoe~mfmhi~mde df hux~dloqx fdq i zgdòxoqmox df xoqvmho sqdvmnoqx% Me siq~mhuìq, i`` òji` ien ei~uqi` soqxdex hdvoqon a} ~go sqdvmxmdex df ~go IL@$HF^ ìz lux~ mnoe~mf} ~gomq h`moe~x ix zo`` ixi`` edlmeoox ih~mej de aogi`f df ~gomq h`moe~x% ^go mnoe~mfmhi~mde df ~go edlmeoo mx oexuqon me ~go xilo zi} ix iadvo noxhqmaon 'xoo iq~mhò : siqi 1 ien 8df ~go ìz-%

:?% Me innm~mde, uenoq ~go joeoqi` da`mji~mdex iqmxmej fqdl HMQ =1 ien,me siq~mhuìq, ~go da`mji~mde fdq i`` ~iwsi}oqx dq ~gmqn siq~mox ~d fdqziqn ~d ~goAo`jmie iu~gdqm~mox ie} mefdqli~mde oeia`mej ~gol ~d no~oqlmeo ~go ildue~df ~iwiaò mehdlo, zgo~goq ~gmx mehdlo mx ~gi~ df ~go edlmeoo dq df ~go qoi`xgiqogd`noq, ~go da`mji~mde ~d boos mefdqli~mde de sqdsoq~} go`n ~gqdujgedlmeoox mx oexuqon me Ao`jmul%

98% Fuq~goq mefdqli~mde de ~go zi} ~gmx IL@$HF^ sqdfmò qmxb lux~ ao hdexmnoqon

mx noxhqmaon me i qojuì~mde df ~go HAFI ni~on 18 Foaquiq} 1393%





Aoiqoq xgiqox '^dQ I%9%1-

Da`mji~mdex x~ollmej fqdl ~go iad`m~mde df aoiqoq xgiqox

:6% De 9> Noholaoq 133?, Ao`jmul inds~on i ìz ~d iad`mxg aoiqoq xgiqox% Suqxuie~ ~d ~gmx ìz ien xmeho 9 Kieuiq} 1337, m~ gix de`} aooe sdxxmaò ~d mxxuo oòh~qdemh9> dq qojmx~oqon xohuqm~mox me Ao`jmul% Fuq~goqldqo, de9 Kieuiq} 1337 i`` aoiqoq xgiqox mxxuon a} hdlsiemox `mx~on de i qojuì~onliqbo~, ien zgmhg zoqo `mx~on de i xohuqm~mox ~qinmej ihhdue~, zoqo iu~dli~mhi``} hdevoq~on me~d oòh~qdemh xohuqm~mox%

::% _e`mx~on hdlsiemox zm`` givo ~d hdevoq~ aoiqoq xgiqox mxxuon ao~zooe ~go sua`mhi~mde df ~go ìz ien 9 Kieuiq} 1337 a} 89 Noholaoq 1391,ien xohuqm~mox mxxuon sqmdq ~d ~go sua`mhi~mde df ~go ìz a} 89 Noholaoq 1398i~ ~go ì~ox~% Me ~go me~oqvoemej soqmdn, ien me dqnoq ~d ihhoòqi~o ~go hdevoqxmde, Ao`jmie ojmxì~mde sqdvmnox ~gi~;

Ie} soqxde zgd ihyumqox aoiqoq xgiqox hdefoqqmej de m~ i vd~mej qmjg~x yud~idf ldqo ~gie 1?/ df i`` vd~mej qmjg~x lux~ nohìqo ~gmx ihyumxm~mde2

Ie} soqxde zgd nmxsdxox df aoiqoq xgiqox suqxuie~ ~d zgmhg m~x vd~mej qmjg~xyud~i fi``x ao`dz 1?/ lux~ nohìqo ~gmx nmxsdxm~mde2

^go vd~mej qmjg~x i~~ihgmej ~d aoiqoq xgiqox ~gi~ givo ed~ aooe hdevoq~onzm~gme ~go soqmdnx sqdvmnon a} ìz zm`` ao xuxsoenon zgoe ~go soqmdnjqie~on a} ~go Ao`jmie òjmxì~mde ~d ~qiexfdql ~go xgiqox owsmqox2

Fmei``}, mf ~go aoiqoq xgiqox iqo ed~ hdevoq~on a} 89 Noholaoq 1398, ~gomxxumej hdlsie} lux~, fqdl 9 Kieuiq} 139?, xo`` ~goxo xgiqox 'zgo~goq meoòh~qdemh dq qojmx~oqon fdql- ~d d~goq suqhgixoq%

:7% Zgmò ~go ixxoxxloe~ ~oil `ddbx fivduqia`} usde ~goxo lohgiemxlx,~go} hdu`n eovoq~goòxx ao qomefdqhon me dqnoq ~d oexuqo ~go qismn hdevoqxmdedf aoiqoq xgiqox% Me ie} ovoe~, zgoe ~go 9> Noholaoq 133? ìz gix sqdnuhoni`` df m~x offoh~x, ~go mnoe~m~} df xgiqogd`noqx me Ao`jmie hdlsiemox zm`` aobedze, fd``dzmej ~zd x}x~olx;

~go x}x~ol df qojmx~oqon xgiqox noxhqmaon iadvo zgmhg oeiaòx ~gohdlsie} ~d bedz m~x xgiqogd`nmej, xmeho m~ lux~ boos i qojmx~q} df xuhg xgiqox2

~go x}x~ol df oòh~qdemh xohuqm~mox, me zgmhg ~go mnoe~m~} df ~go xgiqogd`noq zm`` ao bedze ~d ~go ihhdue~ gd`noq%

9>% Ie oòh~qdemh xohuqm~} mx i xohuqm~} qojmx~oqon de ie ihhdue~ zm~g i hòiqmej

dqjiem{i~mde 'Ouqdhòiq Ao`jmul dq ~go Ei~mdei` Aieb df Ao`jmuldq i qohdj

emxon ihhdue~ gd`noq 'o%j% hqonm~ mex~m~u~mdex-





Siq~eoqxgmsx '^dQ I%9%8-

:=% Ao`jmie ìz sqdvmnox fdq ~go ox~ia`mxgloe~ df ~zd bmenx df siq~eoqxgmsx;

^go Xdhmí~í oe Edl Hd`òh~mf 'XEH, dq joeoqi` siq~eoqxgms- ‘ Hdlsie} Hdno ‘ Addb MV ien Addb V ‘ mx deo fdqlon a} i~ òix~ ~zd siq~eoqx zgd iqo kdme~`} ien xovoqi``} `miaò fdq i`` m~x hdllm~loe~x% ^go xgiqox df ie XEH hieed~, me sqmehmsò, ao ~qiexfoqqon% Ed lmemlul hism~i` mx qoyumqon~d fdql ie XEH% ^go siq~eoqxgms li} ao fdqlon a} ed~iqmi` dq sqmvi~o noon%

^go Xdhmí~í oe Hdllienm~o Xmlsò 'XHX, dq `mlm~on siq~eoqxgms- ‘ Hdlsie} Hdno ‘ Addb MV ien Addb V ‘ mx i siq~eoqxgms fdqlon a} deodq xovoqi` siq~eoqx zgd iqo kdme~`} ien xovoqi``} `miaò '~go ih~mvo dq joeoqi` siq~eoqx-, ien deo dq ldqo `mlm~on siq~eoqx '~go ndqlie~ siq~eoqx- zgdxo

`miam`m~} mx `mlm~on ~d ~go òvo` df ~gomq hde~qmau~mde% @mlm~on siq~eoqx hieed~oejijo me lieijoloe~ ih~mvm~}, ovoe ~gqdujg i sdzoq df i~~dqeo}% Ed lmemlul hism~i` mx qoyumqon ~d fdql xuhg i siq~eoqxgms% I XHX li} ao fdqlon a}ed~iqmi` noon au~ ~gmx mx ed~ lieni~dq}%

73% Siq~eoqxgmsx iqo jdvoqeon a} ~go Hdlsie} Hdno ien, ldqo siq~mhuìq`}, Addb MV, zgmhg hde~imex hdllde qojuì~mdex iss`mhiaò ~d i`` hdlsiemox ien siq~eoqxgmsx ox~ia`mxgon uenoq Ao`jmie ìz% ^go sua`mhi~mde ienqojmx~qi~mde fdqli`m~mox iqo ~go xilo ix ~gdxo ~gi~ iss`} ~d XIx, XHIx, XSQ@x,XHQ@x ien XHQMx ien noxhqmaon iadvo me xuaxoh~mde I%9%9%

79% Ie ow~qih~ df ~go noon df mehdqsdqi~mde df ~go siq~eoqxgms lux~ aofmòn zm~gme 9? ni}x zm~g ~go qojmx~q} df ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ zgmhg boosx~go ndhuloe~x de qohdqn% ^go sua`mhi~mde me ~go Ldem~ouq ao`jo 'Ao`jmul”x‐dffmhmi` kduqei`“- mx ~go qoxsdexmam`m~} df ~go qojmx~q}, zgmhg ~goe oexuqox ~gi~~go siq~eoqxgms mx oe~oqon me ~go AHO ih~mej ix ~go qojmx~q} df òji` oe~m~mox%

71% ^go mefdqli~mde hde~imeon me ~go ow~qih~ df ~go noon df mehdqsdqi~mde,zgmhg mx go`n a} ~go qojmx~q} df ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ ien sua`mxgon me ~go Ldem~ouq ao`jo ien me ~go AHO, mx xmlmìq ~d ~go mefdqli~mde sqdvmnon a} XIxien XHIx% ^go `mx~ df ~go fduenoqx df siq~eoqxgmsx ien df siq~eoqx zgd givo

ue`mlm~on `miam m~} mx qoinm`} ihhoxxmaò sua`mh mefdqli~mde% M~ mx ~gux sdxxmaò ~dda~ime ~go mnoe~m~} df XEH siq~eoqx ien XHX joeoqi` siq~eoqx% I`` ~qiexfoqx df xgiqox òinmej ~d hgiejox me ~go mnoe~m~} df siq~eoqx zgd iqo kdme~`} ien xovoqi``} `miaò lux~, me innm~mde, ao sua`mxgon 'iq~mhò :> 9³ df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno-%

78% ^go XEHx ien XHXx iqo ed~ qoyumqon ~d lime~ime i qojmx~q} df siq~eoqx ien ~go eulaoq df xgiqox go`n a} oihg% Gdzovoq, ix ~go ~qiexfoq df xgiqoxmx xuakoh~ ~d issqdvi` df ~go siq~eoqx uenoq Ao`jmie ìz 'iq~mhòx 87 ien 13=df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno-, XEHx ien XHXx i`zi}x bedz ~go mnoe~m~mox df i`` df ~go gd`noqx df xgiqox, zgi~ovoq ~gomq fueh~mde me ~go siq~eoqxgms, ien ~gmx





mefdqli~mde hie ao da~imeon a} ~go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox usde xmlsò qoyuox~'xoh~mde A, Ihhoxx ~d Mefdqli~mde-%

7>% ^go fdqli`m~mox fdq qojmx~qi~mde zm~g ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox iqo xmlmìq ~d

~gdxo noxhqmaon iadvo fdq hdlsiemox% ^go ow~qih~ df ~go noon df mehdqsdqi~mdedf ~go siq~eoqxgms lux~ ao fmòn zm~g ~go oeqojmx~qoloe~ dffmho df ~go Ao`jmie~iw iu~gdqm~mox 'XSF Fmeiehox-% Me innm~mde, aofdqo aojmeemej m~x ih~mvm~}, i siq~eoqxgms mx qoyumqon ~d iss`} fdq qojmx~qi~mde zm~g ~go VI^ iunm~mej dffmhofdq ~go iqoi me zgmhg m~ me~oenx ~d nd auxmeoxx% ^go iss`mhi~mde fdq qojmx~qi~mdemx lieni~dq} fdq ie}deo zmxgmej ~d x~iq~ ie ohdedlmh ih~mvm~} ix i lime dq xohdeniq} `meo df auxmeoxx 'iq~mhò ?3 df ~go VI^ Hdno-%

7?% Siq~eoqxgmsx iqo uenoq ed da`mji~mde ~d qojmx~oq zm~g ~go iu~gdqm~mox fdq nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde% ^go mefdqli~mde sua`mxgon me ~go Ldem~ouq ao`jo 'o%j% zgoe~go siq~eoqxgms mx fdqlon- ien hde~imeon me ~go qojmx~q} df òji` oe~m~mox df ~goAHO, ix zo`` ix ~go no~im`x xoe~ ~d ~go VI^ iunm~mej dffmho ien mehùnon me ~gonoon df mehdqsdqi~mde qojmx~oqon zm~g ~go XSF Fmeiehox oeqojmx~qoloe~ dffmho,iqo fdqziqnon dq lino ivimìaò ~d ~go iu~gdqm~mox fdq nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde%

76% Ao`jmie iz siq~eoqxgmsx givo òji` soqxdei`m~} ien iqo xuakoh~ ~d hdq sdqi~o mehdlo ~iw 'iq~mhòx 1 ien 9:= df HMQ =1-% ^go} iqo qoyumqon ~d xualm~ ieieeui` ~iw qo~uqe ~d ~go iu~gdqm~mox fdq nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde 'iq~mhò 83? df HMQ =1-%

7:% ^go ndhuloe~x, x~i~oloe~x ien mefdqli~mde zgmhg lux~ ao sqdvmnonihhdqnmej ~d ~go nohìqi~mde fdql iqo ie me~ojqi` siq~ df ~go nohìqi~mde ien

givo ~d ao issoenon ~d m~% ^go} mehùno ~go fd``dzmej; ~go ieeui` ihhdue~x 'aiìeho xgoo~, sqdfm~ien`dxx ihhdue~ ien sdx

xmaò issoenmhox-2

~go qosdq~x ~d ~go joeoqi` ixxola`} ien m~x nmxhuxxmdex 'mehùnmej ~go`mx~ df ~gdxo sqoxoe~-%

^go mefdqli~mde ivimìaò i~ XSF Fmeiehox mx ~gux mnoe~mhi` ~d ~go mefdqli~mde ~gi~ hie ao da~imeon fqdl ~go qojmx~q} df òji` oe~m~mox dq ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ qojmx~q}%

77% ^gmx xo~ df ìzx ien qojuì~mdex oexuqox ~gi~ ~go mnoe~m~} df XEH ienXHX siq~eoqx mx ivimìaò ien usni~on%

qux~x '^dQ I%9%>-

7=% M~ mx mlsdxxmaò ~d ox~ia`mxg ~qux~x uenoq Ao`jmie ìz% Ldqodvoq,Ao`jmul mx ed~ i xmjei~dq} ~d ~go Gijuo Hdevoe~mde df 9 Ku`} 9=7? de ~go@iz Iss`mhiaò ~d ^qux~x ien de ~gomq Qohdjem~mde%

=3% ^gi~ ximn, hgis~oq WMM df ~go sqmvi~o me~oqei~mdei` ìz hdno qohdj

emxox ien qojuì~ox hoq~ime ixsoh~x df ~qux~x ox~ia`mxgon uenoq fdqomje ìz%





Iq~mhò 911 df ~gmx hdno mehùnox i nofmem~mde df i ~qux~, zgmò iq~mhò 918 qohdjemxox ~gi~ Ao`jmie hduq~x iqo hdlso~oe~ fdq goiqmej hixox hdehoqemej i ~qux~inlmemx~oqon me Ao`jmul dq ixxo~x `dhi~on me Ao`jmul ien sìhon me ~qux~x%

=9% ^gux i`~gdujg Ao`jmul mx i hmvm` ìz hdue~q} ien, me ~gi~ qoxsoh~,ndox ed~ iu~gdqmxo ~go ox~ia`mxgloe~ df ~qux~x ix xuhg, m~ ndox qohdjemxo ~gi~~qux~x fdqlon iaqdin li} givo offoh~x me Ao`jmul me ~gi~ ~go} hie ao inlmemx~oqon fqdl zm~gme Ao`jmul dq sdxxoxx ixxo~x ~goqo% Me siq~mhuìq, Ao`jmulgix inis~on m~x òjmxì~mde ~d sqovoe~ ~go òji` qilmfmhi~mdex df i ~qux~ fqdlhdlsqdlmxmej ~go sua`mh sd`mh} hde~imeon me ~go Ao`jmie òjmxì~mde, xuhg ixquòx jdvoqemej xuhhoxxmde%

=1% Ix qojiqnx ~go ivimìam`m~} df mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej ~go xo~~`dqx,~qux~oox ien aoeofmhmiqmox df ~qux~x, Ao`jmie hmvm` ìz qoyumqox eom~goq ~goqojmx~qi~mde df ~qux~x edq ~go sqmdq nmxh`dxuqo df ~gmx mefdqli~mde% De`} i òjiìh~mde a} dqnoq df i kunjo hdu`n qoxu`~ me ~gmx mefdqli~mde aomej lino sua`mh%

=8% Fuq~goqldqo, Ao`jmie ~iw ìz ndox ed~ hde~ime sqdvmxmdex qojiqnmej ~go mefdqli~mde ~gi~ gix ~d ao go`n a} ~qux~oox qoxmnoe~ me Ao`jmul ienmevd`von me ~qux~x ox~ia`mxgon suqxuie~ ~d fdqomje òjmxì~mde%

=>% Ihhdqnmej ~d ~go iei`}xmx novo`dson a} ~go Ao`jmie inlmemx~qi~mdeme ~zd inlmemx~qi~mvo nohmxmdex, ~go mehdlo qohomvon ~gqdujg i nmxhqo~mdeiq} ~qux~ mx hdexmnoqon ~d ao oiqeon a} ~go ~qux~oo ien mx xuakoh~ ~d soqxdei`dq hdqsdqi~o mehdlo ~iw, nosoenmej de ~go ei~uqo df ~go ~qux~oo% Me ~go hixo

df i ‐fmwon me~oqox~“ ~qux~, ~go mehdlo df ~go ~qux~ mx gdzovoq hdexmnoqon ~d ao oiqeon a} ~go aoeofmhmiqmox ien mx ~iwiaò me ~gomq gienx% Me ~gmx hixo, ~goAo`jmie inlmemx~qi~mde li} ixb ~go ~iwsi}oqx dq ~go ~qux~oo fdq i`` mefdqli~mde zgmhg zm`` i``dz m~ ~d no~oqlmeo ~go ildue~ df mehdlo%

=?% Fqdl i joeoqi` soqxsoh~mvo, mf mefdqli~mde mx hdexmnoqon eohoxxiq} fdq Ao`jmie ~iw ixxoxxloe~ suqsdxox, ~go ~iwsi}oq gix ie da`mji~mde ~d nmxh`dxoxuhg mefdqli~mde ~d ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox% ^gmx li} mehùno mefdqli~mde iadu~xo~~`dqx, ~qux~oox ien aoeofmhmiqmox% Fuq~goqldqo, ~qux~oox qoxmnoe~ me Ao`jmul,ix sqdfoxxmdei`x, iqo xuakoh~ ~d qohdqnboosmej qoyumqoloe~x fdq ~go no~oqlmei~mde df ~gomq dze mehdlo% ^gux me ~go hixo df i ~qux~, i`` qohdqnx ~gi~ iqoeohoxxiq} fdq no~oqlmemej zgo~goq ~go ~qux~ mehdlo mx ~iwiaò me ~go gienxdf ~go ~qux~oo dq ed~ lux~ ao bos~% ^gmx mehùnox ~go eilox df ~go xo~~`dqx ieneilon aoeofmhmiqmox df ~go ~qux~ dq ~go ei~uqo df ~go ixxo~x me ~go ~qux~ ~gi~givo joeoqi~on ~go mehdlo%

=6% Zm~g qojiqn, ~goqofdqo, ~d joeoqi` ~iw qoyumqoloe~x me Ao`jmul suqxuie~ ~d zgmhg i`` ~iwsi}oqx lux~ ao hisiaò df sqdvmnmej mefdqli~mde ~d ~goAo`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox zgoeovoq ~iwiaò mehdlo gix ~d ao no~oqlmeon, i ~qux~oo qoxmnoe~ me Ao`jmul lux~ ao me i sdxm~mde ~d sqdvmno XSF Fmeiehox zm~gmefdqli~mde de ~go xo~~`dqx ien aoeofmhmiqmox df ~qux~x ~gi~ 'x-go inlmemx~oqx

fqdl Ao`jmul%





Ie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej @ojmxì~mde

=:% @iz}oqx, ~iw invmxdqx ix zo`` ix i`` sqdfoxxmdei`x zgd ih~x ix ix ~qux~xoqvmho sqdvmnoqx hdlo xsohmfmhi``} zm~gme ~go xhdso df ~go ie~mldeo} ìue

noqmej òjmxì~mde zgoe ~go} go`s ~gomq h`moe~x ~d sqosiqo dq hdenuh~ ~qiexih~mdex hdehoqemej ~go fdqli~mde, inlmemx~qi~mde dq lieijoloe~ df ~qux~x'iq~mhò 8 df ~go ìz df 99 Kieuiq} 9==8 ix iloenon-% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò : ieniq~mhò 7, siqijqisg 9 df ~go fdqojdmej ìz, ~goxo xoqvmho sqdvmnoqx lux~ boosmefdqli~mde de ~go mnoe~m~} df ~gomq h`moe~x ien ~go aoeofmhmiqmox df ~qux~x% Ixqoxu`~, sqdfoxxmdei`x ih~mej ix ~qux~oox me Ao`jmul iqo da`mjon ~d mnoe~m~} ~gomq h`moe~x 'xo~~`dqx ien aoeofmhmiqmox- ien zgoe ~go aoeofmhmiq} mx i òji` soqxdelux~ mnoe~mf} ~gdxo zgd givo ie me~oqox~ df 1?/ dq ldqo me ~go oe~m~}%

Fdueni~mdex ' dQ I%9%?-=7% Me Ao`jmul, fdueni~mdex iqo edesqdfm~ oe~m~mox uxui``} xo~ us fdq suqo`}hgiqm~iaò suqsdxox% Gdzovoq, xmeho 9==7, fdueni~mdex li} ao ox~ia`mxgon fdq sqmvi~o suqsdxox, ~gi~ mx ~d xi}, fdueni~mdex me zgmhg ~go fduenoq li} nonmhi~o sqdsoq~} fdq i sqmvi~o suqsdxo novdmn df ie} xo`fme~oqox~% ^gmx hi~ojdq} hdu`nmehùno, fdq owilsò, ~go xifojuiqnmej df ie iq~ hd`òh~mde, ~go boosmej df i auxmeoxx zm~gme ~go film`}, dq ~go lime~oeieho df i hgm`n zm~g xsohmi` eoonx%

==% _enoq Ao`jmie ojmxì~mde ien me hdls`mieho zm~g iq~mhò 1: df ~go ìz defdueni~mdex df 1: Kueo 9=19 ix iloenon a} ~go ìz df 1 Li} 1331, ‐~go ox~ia

`mxgloe~ df i fdueni~mde mx ~go qoxu`~ df i òji` ih~ oliei~mej fqdl deo dq xovoqièi~uqi` soqxdex dq òji` oe~m~mox, zgmhg mevd`vox i``dhi~mej ixxo~x ~d ihgmovo i siq~mhuìq jdi` novdmn df ie} xo`fme~oqox~% ^go fdueni~mde li} ed~ qoxu ~ me ie}li~oqmi` jime fdq m~x fduenoqx, m~x nmqoh~dqx dq ie} d~goq soqxde ueòxx, me ~gmx ìx~mex~ieho, xuhg jime mx siq~ ien siqho` df ~go fdqojdmej nmxme~oqox~on jdi`% ^gofdueni~mde mehùnox eom~goq lolaoqx edq siq~eoqx% d ao vi`mn, m~ lux~ ao hdex~m~u~on a} ed~iqmi` noon%“ I Ao`jmie fdueni~mde ndox ed~ givo aoeofmhmiqmox%

933% Iq~mhò 17 df ~go ìz de fdueni~mdex x~i~ox ~gi~ i fdueni~mde”x iq~mhòxdf ixxdhmi~mde xgdu`n x~i~o ~go fd``dzmej, i~ i lmemlul;

~go xuqeilox, fmqx~ eilox, sìho df qoxmnoeho, ien ni~o ien sìho df amq~g df oihg fduenoq dq, me ~go hixo df i òji` oe~m~}, ~go hdqsdqi~oeilo, ~go òji` fdql ien ~go innqoxx df ~go qojmx~oqon dffmho2

~go dffmhmi` eilo df ~go fdueni~mde2

~go sqohmxo noxhqms~mde df ~go iml dq imlx uenoq`}mej ~go ox~ia`mxgloe~ df ~go fdueni~mde, ix zo`` ix ~go ih~mvm~mox m~ me~oenx ~d mlsòloe~ ~d ihgmovo ~goxo jdi`x2

~go innqoxx df ~go xoi~ df ~go fdueni~mde, zgmhg lux~ ao `dhi~on me

Ao`jmul R…\%





939% Iq~mhò 89 df ~go ìz x~i~ox ~gi~ ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ qojmx~q} boosx ifmò de qohdqn fdq oihg sqmvi~o fdueni~mde ien sua`mh me~oqox~ fdueni~mde zgmhggix m~x xoi~ dq dsoqi~mdei` xoi~ me ~go kunmhmi` nmx~qmh~ hdehoqeon% ^go fdueni~mde mx i`xd qojmx~oqon a} ~go ih~mej ed~iq} dq, mf ed~, a} ~go iadvo hduq~ qojmx

~q} me ~go qojmx~oq df oji` oe~m~mox df ~go AieyuoHiqqofduq nox Oe~qosqmxox%

931% Me hdls`mieho zm~g ~go xilo iq~mhò, ~go mefdqli~mde zgmhg mx qoyumqon~d ao sìhon me ~go fmò mehùnox;

~go iq~mhòx df ixxdhmi~mde ien ~gomq iloenloe~x2

~go ili`jili~on ~ow~ df ~goxo iq~mhòx fd``dzmej ~gomq iloenloe~2

~go òji` ndhuloe~x hdehoqemej ~go issdme~loe~, ~go qoxhmxxmde ien~go ~oqlmei~mde df ~go qoxsdexmam`m~mox df ~go nmqoh~dqx ien, zgoqo

iss`mhiaò, df ~go soqxdex iu~gdqmxon ~d qosqoxoe~ ~go fdueni~mde%^goxo ndhuloe~x xsohmf} ~go ow~oe~ df ~go sdzoqx df ~go soqxdexhdehoqeon ien gdz ~go} xgdu`n ao owoqhmxon2

~go ieeui` ihhdue~x df ~go fdueni~mde2

~go nohmxmdex ien òji` ndhuloe~x hdehoqemej ~go nmxxdù~mde ien`myumni~mde df ~go fdueni~mde%

938% ^go fd``dzmej mefdqli~mde mx sua`mxgon me ~go issoenmhox ~d ~go Ldem~ouq ao`jo;

~go iq~mhòx df ixxdhmi~mde ien ~gomq iloenloe~x2 ~go òji` ndhuloe~x qojiqnmej ~go issdme~loe~, ~go qoxhmxxmde ien ~go

~oqlmei~mde df ~go qoxsdexmam`m~mox df ~go nmqoh~dqx ien, zgoqo iss`mhiaò, df ~go soqxdex iu~gdqmxon ~d qosqoxoe~ ~go fdueni~mde2 ~goxondhuloe~x xsohmf} ~go ow~oe~ df ~go sdzoqx df ~go soqxdex hdehoqeonien gdz ~go} xgdu`n ao owoqhmxon2

~go nohmxmdex ien òji` ndhuloe~x hdehoqemej ~go hdevoqxmde df i sqmvi~o fdueni~mde me~d i sua`mh me~oqox~ fdueni~mde, me ihhdqniehozm~g iq~mhò >>2

~go nohmxmdex ien òji` ndhuloe~x hdehoqemej ~go nmxxdù~mde ien`myumni~mde df ~go fdueni~mde%

93>% ^gux, xmeho ~go iq~mhòx df ixxdhmi~mde ien ~gomq iloenloe~x lux~ ao~go xuakoh~ df i ed~iqmi` noon oe~qux~on ~d ~go qojmx~q} df ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ien sua`mxgon me ~go Ldem~ouq ao`jo, ~go mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej ~go fduenoqxdf sqmvi~o fdueni~mdex ien lolaoqx df ~gomq adiqnx mx bedze ~d ~go Ao`jmie sua`mh iu~gdqm~mox%




8> ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE

Ox~ia`mxgloe~ df sqdvmxmdex ~d oexuqo ~go ivimìam`m~} df mefdqli~mde' dQ I%9%6-

Soei ~mox fdq fim uqo ~d òji` } ndhuloe~ ~go ox~ia`mxgloe~ df adnmoxdq ~d qojmx~oq ~gol

93?% Soqxdex dq oe~m~mox ~gi~ givo ed~ fmòn ~go fu`` ~ow~ df ~gomq iq~mhòx df ixxdhmi~mde zm~g ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ qojmx~q} zm~gme ~gqoo lde~gx fqdl ~goni~o df ~go iq~mhòx iqo suemxgiaò a} i fmeo df O_Q ?393 333 'iq~mhòx =3 ien=9 df ~go Hdlsie} Hdno-% ^gmx fmeo iss`mox ~d Ao`jmie ìz hdlsiemox ienAo`jmie aqiehgox df fdqomje hdlsiemox% M~ mx mehuqqon fdq fimùqo ~d xualm~om~goq ~go òji` ndhuloe~x qoyumqon i~ ~go du~xo~ dq ~go xuaxoyuoe~ ndhuloe~xiloenmej ~gol% Fuq~goqldqo, hdlsiemox fim`mej ~d qojmx~oq nd ed~ ihyumqoòji` soqxdeei`m~}%

936% Me hixox df edefm`mej dq ì~o fm`mej df ndhuloe~x zm~g ~go hdlloqhmi` hduq~ qojmx~q}, i fmeo df O_Q 1?1?3 mx mehuqqon fdq ovoq} lde~g”x noì}'iq~mhò 1?6 '9- df ~go Hdno df x~ils nu~mox, ldq~jijo nu~mox ien hduq~ foox-%

93:% Me innm~mde, ~go ìz df 96 Kieuiq} 1338 xo~~mej us ~go ‐Aieyuo Hiqqofduq nox Oe~qosqmxox“ sqdvmnox fdq inlmemx~qi~mvo ien hqmlmei` xieh~mdex fdq fimùqo ~d hdls`} zm~g m~x sqdvmxmdex, ien me siq~mhuìq ix qojiqnx ~go qojmx~qi~mdeqoyumqoloe~x 'iq~mhòx 61 siqi 1 ien ? ien iq~mhò 68-%

937% Ix qojiqnx sqmvi~o fdueni~mdex, ~go ìz df 1: Kueo 9=19 x~i~ox ~gi~ i

fdueni~mde zm`` de`} ihyumqo òji` soqxdei`m~} fqdl ~go ni} ~gi~ m~x iq~mhòx df ixxdhmi~mde ien ~go òji` ndhuloe~x hoq~mf}mej ~go issdme~loe~ df m~x nmqoh~dqx iqo sìhon me ~go fmò go`n i~ ~go hduq~ qojmx~q}% ^go fimùqo ~d qojmx~oq nosqmvox ~go fdueni~mde df òji` soqxdei`m~}%

Qojiqnmej xieh~mdex fdq ~go fimùqo ~d boos ~go xgiqo qojmx~oq me XIx ienXHIx dq me XSQ@x, XHQ@x, XHQMx, ~go Ao`jmie Hdlsie} Hdno sqdvmnox ~gi~hdlsie} nmqoh~dqx ien lieijoqx iqo kdme~`} qoxsdexmaò ~dziqnx ~go hdlsie}m~xo`f dq ie} ~gmqn siq~mox fdq ie} nilijo hiuxon a} ie mefqmejoloe~ df ~gohdlsie}”x x~i~u~ox, dq lieijoloe~ oqqdqx 'xoo iq~mhòx 168, >37, ?17 ien 6?:

df ~go hdlsie} hdno-% ^go Hdlsie} Hdno i`xd sqdvmnox fdq hqmlmei` xieh~mdex fdq oqqdqx me oe~qmox me ~go xgiqo qojmx~oq 'xoo iq~mhòx 8>7, 877 ien 6>=-%Fimùqo ~d hdls`} zm~g ~goxo qoyumqoloe~x mx suemxgiaò a} mlsqmxdeloe~fqdl deo lde~g ~d ~gqoo }oiqx ien i fmeo df O_Q 16 ~d 8 333 'xoo iq~mhò >=6df ~go Soei` Hdno-% Fmei``}, Ao`jmie hixo ìz 'nohmxmde df ~go Hduq~ df Issoi`df Aquxxo`x, 1> Kueo 9=79-, x~i~ox owsqoxx`} ~gi~ mf i hdlsie} ndox ed~ qoxsoh~~go òji` qoyumqoloe~x fdq lime~imemej i qojmx~oq df xgiqox, m~ mx qoxsdexmaòvmxivmx ~go mekuqon xgiqogd`noq%




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ 8?

Nmxh`dxuqo df likdq me~oqox~x

93=% Edehdls`mieho zm~g ~go da`mji~mdex li} givo hmvm`, inlmemx~qi~mvodq hqmlmei` hdexoyuoehox ien, me siq~mhuìq, hie qoxu`~ me ~go fd``dzmej;

ed soqxde hie ~ibo siq~ me vd~mej i~ ~go joeoqi` ixxola`} df i hdlsie} a} hix~mej i eulaoq df vd~ox jqoi~oq ~gie ~gi~ `mebon ~d ~go xohuqm~mox'x-go gix nohìqon ~d ao me gmx dq goq sdxxoxxmde, me hdls`mieho zm~giq~mhòx ?9>, ?9?, siqijqisg 9, dq ?9?'i-, siqijqisg 9, i~ òix~ 13 ni}x aofdqo ~go ni~o df ~go joeoqi` ixxola`} 'iq~mhò ?>? df ~go Hdlsie}Hdno-% Gdzovoq, mf ~go xgiqogd`noq hdehoqeon bedzmej`} ~ibox siq~me vd~mej, 'x-go li} ao hqmlmei``} `miaò ~d i fmeo df O_Q 1:??? 3332

mf ~go qoyumqon nohìqi~mdex givo ed~ aooe lino me ihhdqnieho zm~g~go sqoxhqmaon sqdhonuqox ien xhgonuò, ~go sqoxmnoe~ df ~go hdlloq

hmi` hduq~ fdq ~go kuqmxnmh~mde me zgmhg ~go hdlsie} gix m~x qojmx~oqondffmho li};

dqnoq ~go xuxsoexmde df i`` dq xdlo df ~go qmjg~x `mebon ~d ~goxohuqm~mox hdehoqeon fdq i soqmdn df us ~d i }oiq2

xuxsoen ~go gd`nmej df i joeoqi` ixxola`} i`qoin} hdevoeon fdq i fmwon soqmdn, ix 'x-go no~oqlmeox2

dqnoq ~go xiò, uenoq gmx dq goq xusoqvmxmde, df ~go xohuqm~mox hdehoqeon ~d i ~gmqn siq~} uehdeeoh~on ~d ~go huqqoe~ xgiqogd`noq,

zm~gme i soqmdn zgmhg 'x-go no~oqlmeox ien mx qoeoziaò%

@ojmxì~mde de ~go iad`m~mde df aoiqoq xgiqox

993% ^go ìz df Noholaoq 9>, 133? x~i~ox ~gi~ hdlsiemox ~gi~ givo ed~hdls`mon zm~g ~gomq da`mji~mdex ~d mnoe~mf} gd`noqx df aoiqoq xohuqm~mox lux~xo`` ~gdxo xohuqm~mox de Kieuiq} 9, 139?, fim`mej zgmhg ~go} zm`` ao xuakoh~ ~d ifmeo oyui` ~d 93/ df ~go viùo df ~go xohuqm~mox fdq ovoq} }oiq ~gi~ ~go da`mji~mde ~d mnoe~mf} mx noì}on%

Ie~mldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde

999% Zgoe ~go Ho`ùò no ^qim~oloe~ nox Mefdqli~mdex Fmeiehmçqox 'H^MF,dq Fmeiehmi` Mefdqli~mde Sqdhoxxmej _em~- no~oh~x ie mefqmejoloe~ df ~go99 Kieuiq} 9==8 ìz ijimex~ ldeo} ìuenoqmej, m~ li} mefdql ~go iunm~mej dq xusoqvmxdq} iu~gdqm~mox, dq ~go nmxhms`meiq} iu~gdqm~mox, xd ~gi~ ~goxo iu~gdqm~moxhie ~ibo ~go issqdsqmi~o loixuqox ien gien ndze inlmemx~qi~mvo soei`~mox%

991% Me ~go ovoe~ df fimùqo ~d hdls`} zm~g ~go ìz, ~goxo iu~gdqm~mox li}, suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò >3, mlsdxo ie inlmemx~qi~mvo fmeo me ~go ildue~ df i~ oix~

O_Q 1?3 au~ ed jqoi~oq ~gie O_Q 9 1?3 333%





998% ^go owmx~oeho df ~goxo soei`~mox xsohmfmhi``} sqdvmnon fdq me ~go òjmxì~mde ~d sqovoe~ ldeo} ìuenoqmej ien ~go fuenmej df ~oqqdqmxl ndox ed~hdlsqdlmxo ~go uxo df d~goq inlmemx~qi~mvo dq nmxhms`meiq} soei`~mox mlsdxonme ihhdqnieho zm~g ~go jdvoqemej òjmxì~mde%

No~oqlmei~mde ien fih~dqx uenoq`}mej qohdlloeni~mdex

Hdehùxmde

^go oòloe~ mx me sìho, au~ hoq~ime ixsoh~x df ~go òji` mlsòloe~i~mde

df ~go oòloe~ eoon mlsqdvoloe~%

Fih~dqx uenoq`}mej ~go

qohdlloeni~mdex

Qohdlloeni~mdex

_enoq Ao`jmie òjmxì~mde, ~go

hdevoqxmde df aoiqoq xgiqox Rme~doòh~qdemh dq qojmx~oqon xgiqox\ zm`` ao

hdlsò~on a} Noholaoq 89, 1398%

^go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox xgdu`n owil

meo ~go hdenm~mdex uenoq zgmhg lohgiemxlx ~d oehduqijo hdevoqxmde df

aoiqoq xgiqox hie ao x~qoej~goeon

xd ~gi~ ~go mefdqli~mde qojiqnmej ~gomq

gd`noqx mx ivimìaò ix yumhb`} ix

sdxxmaò%

I%1% Ihhdue~mej qohdqnx

Kuqmxnmh~mdex xgdu`n oexuqo ~gi~ qo`miaò ihhdue~mej qohdqnx iqo bos~ fdq i``qoòvie~ oe~m~mox ien iqqiejoloe~x%

Joeoqi` qoyumqoloe~x ' dQ I%1%9-

99>% ^go da`mji~mde fdq auxmeoxxox ox~ia`mxgon me Ao`jmul ~d boos ihhdue~mej qohdqnx mx fduen me ~go ìz df 9: Ku`} 9=:? hdehoqemej ihhdue~mej fdq oe~oqsqmxox, ien ldqo siq~mhuìq`} me iq~mhòx 8, >, 6, :, = ien 93% Qojuì~mdexqoì~mej ~d ieeui` ihhdue~x, hdexd`mni~on ihhdue~x ien sua`mhm~} fdqli`m~moxiqo mehdqsdqi~on me ~go Qd}i` Nohqoo de ~go mlsòloe~i~mde df ~go Hdlsie}

Hdno%99?% ^go joeoqi` ihhdue~mej qoyumqoloe~x me ~go ìz df > Xos~olaoq 9=:? hdvoq ~go fd``dzmej;

ei~uqi` soqxdex ih~mej ix auxmeoxxsoqxdex2

auxmeoxx hdlsiemox dq hdlsiemox zm~g i hdlloqhmi` x~i~ux, ~go auxmeoxx jdi`x df i hdlsie} aomej xo~ du~ me ~go iq~mhòx df ixxdhmi~mde2

sua`mh adnmox ~gi~ hiqq} de auxmeoxx, fmeiehmi` dq menux~qmi` ih~mvm~mox2





ie} d~goq adn} zm~g dq zm~gdu~ m~x dze òji` x~i~ux, suqxumej auxmeoxx, fmeiehmi` dq menux~qmi` ih~mvm~mox% Sqdfoxxmdei` ~qux~oox iqo hdvoqon a} ~goxo da`mji~mdex%

996% ^go ihhdue~mej sqih~mho df oji` oe~m~mox 'iq~mhò 8 df ~go ìz- lux~ hdvoq i`` ~qiexih~mdex, ixxo~x ien oe~m~òloe~x df ie} bmen, ien ~gomq noa~x, da`mji~mdexien hdllm~loe~x df ie} bmen% I`` ihhdue~mej mx aixon de i x}x~ol df addbx ienihhdue~x ien hdenuh~on me `meo zm~g ~go hux~dliq} qojuì~mdex fdq nduaòoe~q} addbboosmej% Ie} oe~q} mx aihbon a} ni~on xussdq~mej ovmnoeho ien meh unox iqofoqoeho ~d ~gi~ ovmnoeho% If~oq aomej aiìehon zm~g ni~i me ~go mevoe~dq}, ~goihhdue~x iqo noxhqms~mvo } xulliqmxon ~d fdql ~go ieeui` ihhdue~x%

99:% Lonmul ien ìqjo oe~oqsqmxox givo ~d hiqq} du~ nduaòoe~q} addbboosmej me ihhdqnieho zm~g ~go òji` fqilozdqb, ox~ia`mxg ie ieeui` mevoe~dq} ien nqiz us ieeui` ihhdue~x% ^goxo ihhdue~x iqo xualm~~on fdq ~goowilmei~mde ien issqdvi` df ~go joeoqi` ixxola`} hdevoeon fdq ~gmx suqsdxo%Me ~go 83 ni}x fd``dzmej ~gomq issqdvi`, ~go} givo ~d ao xualm~~on ~d ~go Ei~mdei` Aieb df Ao`jmul 'AEA- zgmhg hgohbx ~gomq hde~oe~% ^go ieeuiìhhdue~x li} ao hdexu`~on de ~go AEA zoaxm~o% ^gmx zoaxm~o mehùnox mefdqli~mde de òji` oe~m~mox zgmhg xmeho 9==1 givo nmqoh~`} nosdxm~on ieeui` dq hdexd`mni~on ihhdue~x zm~g ~go AEA, dq zgmhg iqo xussdxon ~d xualm~ ieeuiìhhdue~x ~d m~ me `mjg~ df ~gomq òji` fdql ien hmqhulx~iehox%

997% Joeoqi` dq `mlm~on siq~eoqxgmsx, zgdxo ~uqedvoq me ~go ldx~ qohoe~fmeiehmi` }oiq, owhùnmej viùo innon ~iw, mx ed ldqo ~gie O_Q ?33 333 li}

boos ‐xmls`mfmon“ ihhdue~mej qohdqnx ix `dej ix i`` ~gomq ~qiexih~mdex iqooe~oqon sqdls~`}, qo`mia`} ien fu``} me hgqded`djmhi` dqnoq me i~ òix~ ~gqoo

addbx, eilo`} i hixg addb, i suqhgixo addb ien i xiòx ònjoq% I~ òix~ dehoi }oiq, ~goxo oe~oqsqmxox iqo i`xd qoyumqon ~d ox~ia`mxg ie mevoe~dq} df i`ìxxo~x, qohomviaòx, noa~x ien da`mji~mdex, ix zo`` ix i`` qoxduqhox oiqliqbonfdq dsoqi~mdei` suqsdxox 'iq~mhò ? df ~go ìz-% ^goxo ihhdue~x iqo i`xd ivimìaò de ~go AEA zoaxm~o% Fmei``}, ovoe ~gdujg ~goxo ~zd ~}sox df siq~eoqxgmsx li} boos xmls`mfmon ihhdue~mej qohdqnx, ~go} lux~ eovoq~goòxx xualm~ie ieeui` ~iw qo~uqe ~d ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox 'xoo ao`dz-%

99=% Me dqnoq ~d juiqie~oo ~go hde~meum~} df ~goxo ihhdue~mej ndhuloe~x,~gomq sijox iqo eulaoqon ien ~go} fdql i hde~meudux xoqmox, oihg me ihhdqnieho zm~g m~x dze siq~mhuìq suqsdxo%

913% Addbx ien ndhuloe~x fqdl zgmhg deo hie no~oqlmeo ~go ildue~ df ~iwiaò mehdlo givo ~d ao bos~ fdq sdxxmaò hdexu`~i~mde a} ~go iu~gdqm~mox, me~go dffmho, ijoeh}, aqiehg dq ie} d~goq sqdfoxxmdei` dq sqmvi~o sqolmxox df ~go~iwsi}oq me zgmhg ~go} givo aooe go`n, nqize us dq innqoxxon 'iq~mhò 89? df HMQ =1-% ^goxo sqolmxox hdqqoxsden ~d ~go xoi~ zgmhg mx ~go fdhi` sdme~ fdq lieijoloe~ ih~mvm~}, ix zo`` ix ~go inlmemx~qi~mde df me~oqox~x ien hdlsie} auxmeoxx%





919% Oihg oe~m~} `miaò ~d hdqsdqi~o mehdlo ~iw dq òji` oe~m~mox mehdlo~iw mx qoyumqon, suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò 83? df HMQ =1, ~d xualm~ i nohìqi~mdedf mehdlo de ie ieeui` aixmx% ^go hdlsie} dq òji` oe~m~} lux~ i~~ihg m~xieeui` ihhdue~x 'aiìeho xgoo~, sqdfm~ien`dxx ihhdue~ ien sdxxmaò issoe

nmhox- ~d ~go nohìqi~mde ix zo`` ix i`` qosdq~x ~d ~go joeoqi` ixxola`} ien ~golmeu~ox df m~x loo~mejx% ^goxo nohìqi~mdex hie ao iunm~on a} XSF Fmeiehox%

911% ^gux jmvoe ad~g ~go ihhdue~mej ien ~iw òjmxì~mde, Ao`jmul oexuqox~go ivimìam`m~} df ihhdue~mej ni~i fqdl zgmhg m~ mx sdxxmaò ~d ihhuqi~o`}qovmoz i`` ~qiexih~mdex, ~d ixxoxx ~go fmeiehmi` sdxm~mde df i`` oe~m~mox, ien ~d sqosiqo fmeiehmi` x~i~oloe~x%

_enoq`}mej ndhuloe~i~mde ' dQ I%1%1-

918% Ao`jmie ihhdue~mej òjmxì~mde ì}x ndze ~gi~ ie} oe~q} lux~ ao aihbon a} ni~on xussdq~mej ovmnoeho ien lux~ hde~ime i qofoqoeho ~d ~gi~ovmnoeho 'iq~mhò 6 df ~go ìz df > Xos~olaoq 9=:?-%

91>% Fuq~goqldqo, xmeho Ao`jmul mx ie O_ lolaoq ien ~gux siq~} ~d~go me~qihdlluem~} VI^ x}x~ol, Ao`jmie auxmeoxxox iqo xuakoh~ ~d xsohmi`qoyumqoloe~x qojiqnmej ovmnoeho df ~qiexih~mdex hiqqmon du~% Me siq~mhuìq,m~ mx eohoxxiq} ~d boos i`` ndhuloe~x ~gi~ hie ao uxon ~d qovmoz me~qihdlluem~} f`dzx df jddnx ien xoqvmhox, mehùnmej mevdmhox mxxuon ien qohomvon,jddnx no`mvoq} ed~ox, dq ~go hde~qih~x uenoq zgmhg suqhgixox ien xiòx givo

aooe hdenuh~on%91?% ^goxo nmffoqoe~ qoyumqoloe~x oexuqo ~gi~ ~go ihhdue~mej ni~i zgmhgAo`jmie auxmeoxxox givo ~d boos de qohdqn mehùno ~go xussdq~mej ndhuloe~xeoonon ix ovmnoeho df ~go ~qiexih~mdex hiqqmon du~%

Ndhuloe~ qo~oe~mde '^dQ I%1%8-

916% Suqxuie~ ~d ihhdue~mej òjmxì~mde, i`` auxmeoxxox iqo qoyumqon ~d boosi qohdqn df ~gomq ihhdue~x fdq xovoe }oiqx fqdl 9 Kieuiq} df ~go }oiq fd``dzmej ~go h`dxmej ni~o df ihhdue~x 'iq~mhò 7, siqijqisg 1 df ~go iz-% Xussdq~mejndhuloe~x givo ~d ao bos~ fdq xovoe }oiqx ix dqmjmei`x dq hdsmox ien lo~gdnmhi``} hìxxmfmon% ^gmx soqmdn mx qonuhon ~d ~gqoo }oiqx me ~go hixo df ndhuloe~xed~ qoyumqon ~d sqdvmno sqddf vmxãvmx ~gmqn siq~mox 'iq~mhò 6 df ~go ìz-%

91:% iw òjmxì~mde 'nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde- x~i~ox ~gi~ i`` addbx ien ndhuloe~xzgmhg hie ao uxon ~d no~oqlmeo ~go ildue~ df ~iwiaò mehdlo givo ~d ao bos~fdq sdxxmaò hdexu`~i~mde a} ~go iu~gdqm~mox ue~m` ~go oen df ~go xovoe~g }oiq dq xovoe~g fmeiehmi` }oiq xuaxoyuoe~ ~d ~go ixxoxxloe~ soqmdn 'iq~mhò 89? df HMQ =1-%





917% Zm~g qojiqn ~d VI , iq~mhò 63 df ~go VI^ Hdno xsohmfmox i qohdqnboosmej soqmdn df xovoe }oiqx 'i xsohmi` soqmdn df 9? }oiqx iss`mox ~d ~qiexih~mdex ~go suqsdxo df zgmhg mx ~go hdex~quh~mde dq suqhgixo df i aum`nmej zm~g si}loe~ df VI^-%

91=% Jmvoe ~go ~iw ien ihhdue~mej qoyumqoloe~x xo~ du~ me ~go viqmdux ìzxme fdqho me Ao`jmul, ~go xifoboosmej df ihhdue~mej mefdqli~mde fdq i soqmdndf i~ òix~ fmvo }oiqx mx juiqie~oon%


Hdehùxmde

^go oòloe~ mx me sìho%

I%8% Aiebmej mefdqli~mde

Aiebmej mefdqli~mde xgdu`n ao ivimìaò fdq i`` ihhdue~gd`noqx%

Qohdqnboosmej qoyumqoloe~x ' dQ I%8%9-

983% Iq~mhò >, siqijqisg 9 df ~go ìz df 99 Kieuiq} 9==8 mlsdxox ie da`mji~mde usde dqjiemxi~mdex ~d mnoe~mf} ien voqmf}, a} loiex df i hdehùxmvondhuloe~, ~go mnoe~m~} df hux~dloqx zgd oe~oq me~d auxmeoxx qoì~mdexgmsx

zm~g ~go dqjiemxi~mde suqxuie~ ~d zgmhg ~go} zm`` aohdlo qojuìq hux~dloqx%Iq~mhò ? df ~go HAFI qojuì~mde df 1: Ku`} 133> x~i~ox ~gi~ me fu`fm``mej ~gomq òji` da`mji~mdex ~d mnoe~mf} ~gomq hux~dloqx, dqjiemxi~mdex lux~ ~ibo ie}issqdsqmi~o loixuqo ~d sqdgmam~ hux~dloqx fqdl dsoemej iede}ldux ihhdue~xdq deox uenoq fi`xo dq ixxulon eilox, ien ~d voqmf} hdls`mieho zm~g ~gmx aie%

989% Hux~dloqx iqo de`} i``dzon ~d dsoe eulaoqon ihhdue~x me hdls`mieho zm~g xsohmi` qojuì~mdex no~oqlmeon a} ~go dqjiemxi~mde ~gi~ fmw ~gohdenm~mdex uenoq zgmhg xuhg ihhdue~x li} ao dsoeon ien gdz ~go} xgdu`nfueh~mde% Me innm~mde, ~goxo hdenm~mdex ien sqdhonuqox hieed~ hdlsqdlmxo~go iss`mhi~mde df ~go sqdvmxmdex df ~go IL@$H^F òjmxì~mde hdehoqemej~go mnoe~mfmhi~mde df ~go hux~dloq ien df ohdedlmh aoeofmhmiqmox, xsohmi`loixuqox qojiqnmej nmx~ieho qoì~mdex, ~go boosmej df ni~i de qohdqn, ien ~gohux~dloq nuo nm`mjoeho da`mji~mde 'iq~mhò 7-%

981% ^go uxo df eulaoqon ihhdue~x mx qox~qmh~on a} fmeiehmi` dqjiemxi~mdex~d soqxdex zgd hie kux~mf} i qoi` eoon fdq nmxhqo~mde '~gmx x}x~ol i``dzx ~gomnoe~m~} df ~go ihhdue~ gd`noq ~d ao gmnnoe fqdl ~go fqde~ `meo ols`d}oo-% ^godsoemej df ~goxo ihhdue~x mx, me sqih~mho ien ix qoyumqon a} ~go HAFI, xuakoh~~d mehqoixon mnoe~mfmhi~mde loixuqox 'voqmfmhi~mde df ~go qoixdex kux~mf}mej




>3 ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IVIM@IAM@M^] DF MEFDQLI^MDE

~go eoon fdq i eulaoqon ihhdue~ ien gmoqiqhgmhi` iu~gdqm{i~mde-% Hdlsò~omefdqli~mde de ~go ihhdue~ gd`noq lux~ ao ivimìaò%

988% ^go xm~ui~mdex me zgmhg adnmox ien soqxdex xuakoh~ ~d ~go ìz iqo

qoyumqon ~d mnoe~mf} ~gomq hux~dloqx iqo ix fd``dzx; zgoe ~go} oe~oq me~d auxmeoxx qoì~mdexgmsx zgmhg zm`` libo ~gol

qojuìq hux~dloqx2

zgoe ~go hux~dloq zmxgox ~d hiqq} du~;

i ~qiexih~mde df zgmhg ~go ildue~ qoihgox dq owhoonx O_Q 93 333,zgo~goq ~go ~qiexih~mde mx hiqqmon du~ me deo dq xovoqi` dsoqi~mdex~gi~ issoiq ~d ao qoì~on2 dq

i ~qiexih~mde ‘ ovoe zgoqo ~go ildue~ mx òxx ~gie O_Q 93%333 ‘

zgoeovoq ~goqo mx i xuxsmhmde df ldeo} ìuenoqmej dq ~oqqdqmxlfmeiehmej2 dq

i ~qiexfoq df fuenx zm~gme ~go xhdso df iq~mhò 98= 'i-, siqijqisg 1,df ~go iz df 6 Isqm` 9==? hdehoqemej ~go x~i~ux df oe~oqsqmxox ien~gomq hde~qd`, me~oqlonmiqmox ien mevox~loe~ invmxoqx2

zgoqo ~goqo iqo ndua~x iadu~ ~go ~qu~gfuèoxx dq ihhuqih} df ~go mnoe~mfmhi~mde ni~i qojiqnmej ie owmx~mej hux~dloq%

98>% ^go quòx qojiqnmej ~go hdexoqvi~mde df qohdqnx me Ao`jmul sqdvmno

~gi~ i`` fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mdex zm`` sqoxoqvo i`` ndhuloe~x eohoxxiq} ~d qohdex~m~u~o ~qiexih~mdex% Me siq~mhuìq, Iq~mhò 9? df ~go ìz df 99 Kieuiq} 9==8, ixiloenon, sqdvmnox ~gi~ i`` fmeiehmi` dqjiemxi~mdex zm``, fdq i soqmdn df i~ òix~fmvo }oiqx, boos i hds} df qojmx~qi~mdex, mevdmhox, ien ndhuloe~x hdehoqemej~qiexih~mdex xuhg ix ~d soqlm~ ~gol ~d ao sqohmxo`} qohdex~m~u~on%

98?% Fmei``}, Iq~mhò 8 df ~go 'O_- Hduehm` Nmqoh~mvo 1338$>7$OH df 8Kueo 1338 de ~go ~iwi~mde df me~oqox~ si}loe~x 'Xivmejx Nmqoh~mvo- qoyumqox~gi~ fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mdex si}mej me~oqox~ ~d ~gomq h`moe~x boos mefdqli~mde deihhdue~ gd`noqx zgd iqo ed~ Ao`jmie qoxmnoe~x au~ iqo qoxmnoe~x df d~goq O_lolaoq x~i~ox%


Hdehùxmde





>1 ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IHHOXX D MEFDQLI^MDE

98=% ^go owmx~mej hdef`mh~ ao~zooe Ao`jmie ndlox~mh ìz ien ~go loixuqoxxo~ du~ me ~go ~qoi~mox iloenon xmeho 133= zm`` ao qoxd`von ~gqdujg òjmxì~mde ~gi~ mlsòloe~x ~go ~qoi~mox% Me ~go Ao`jmie$_X fqilozdqb, Ao`jmul”xde`} ~qoi~} me fdqho zgmhg mehùnox ihhoxx ~d aiebmej mefdqli~mde, m~ mx x~i~on

xsohmfmhi``} ~gi~ iq~mhò 897 df HMQ =1 ndox ed~ iss`} ~d ~go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde uenoq ~go ~oqlx df ~go ~qoi~}%

9>3% Fdq m~x dze suqsdxox, ~go Ao`jmie inlmemx~qi~mde gix ihhoxx ~d mefdqli~mde nuqmej i soqmdn df ~gqoo }oiqx, dq i soqmdn df xovoe }oiqx mf m~ mefdqlx~go Ao`jmie ~iwsi}oq qoyumqon ~d fuqemxg ~go mefdqli~mde df ~go qoixdex fdq zgmhg ~go ow~oexmde ~d xovoe }oiqx mx qoyuox~on% Me ~go hixo df i qoyuox~ fdq mefdqli~mde fqdl i ~qoi~} siq~eoq, ~go Ao`jmie inlmemx~qi~mde me~oqsqo~x m~xòjmxì~mde ix i``dzmej m~ ~d ihhoxx ~go mefdqli~mde nuqmej ~go xovoe }oiq soqmdn, ix `dej ix ~go qoyuox~mej siq~} kux~mfmox ~go ow~oexmde% ^gmx me~oq

sqo~i~mde ien ~go Ao`jmie inlmemx~qi~mde”x sqih~mhox zm`` ao jmvoe innm~mdei`xhqu~me} nuqmej ~go hduqxo df ~go Sgixo 1 Sooq qovmoz%

A%9% Hdlso~oe~ Iu~gdqm~}”x iam`m~} ~d da~ime ien sqdvmno mefdqli~mde

Hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~mox xgdu`n givo ~go sdzoq ~d da~ime ien sqdvmno mefdqli~mde ~gi~ mx ~go

xuakoh~ df i qoyuox~ uenoq ie owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde iqqiejoloe~ fqdl ie} soqxde zm~gme

~gomq ~oqqm~dqmi` kuqmxnmh~mde zgd mx me sdxxoxxmde dq hde~qd` df xuhg mefdqli~mde 'mqqoxsoh~mvo

df ie} oji` da`mji~mde de xuhg soqxde ~d lime~ime ~go xohqoh} df ~go mefdqli~mde-%

9>9% Ix qojiqnx ihhoxx ~d mefdqli~mde fdq ~go suqsdxo df me~oqei~mdeiòwhgiejo df mefdqli~mde, ~go Ao`jmie ~iw inlmemx~qi~mde hie mevdbo ~go voq}ow~oexmvo mefdqli~mde ihhoxxmej sdzoqx jqie~on ~d m~ a} HMQ =1% Suqxuie~ ~d~goxo sdzoqx, ~go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox li} hdlso` ~iwsi}oqx, ~gmqn siq~mox dq d~goq sua`mh iu~gdqm~mox ~d sqdvmno ~gol zm~g i`` bmenx df mefdqli~mde%

Da`mji~mde df ~iwsi}oqx

9>1% Iq~mhòx 89? ien 89? 'i- df HMQ =1 x~i~o ~gi~ ~go Ao`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox li} qoyumqo ~iwsi}oqx ~d sqdvmno ihhdue~x, ndhuloe~x, hdlsu~oqmxonni~i ien mefdqli~mde% Fuq~goqldqo, suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò 896 df ~go xilo hdno,ovoq} ~iwsi}oq mx qoyumqon ~d sqdvmno ~d ~go ~iw inlmemx~qi~mde ‐i`` mefdqli~mde ~gi~ li} ao qoyuox~on, fdq ~go suqsdxox df voqmf}mej ~go ~iwsi}oq”x ~iwxm~ui~mde“%

9>8% ^go hgohbx ien qoyuox~x fdq mefdqli~mde hie qoì~o ~d i`` ~qiexih~mdex~d zgmhg ~go ~iwsi}oq gix aooe siq~}, ien ~go mefdqli~mde ji~goqon ix i qoxu`~li} i`xd ao uxon fdq ~go suqsdxox df ~go ~iwi~mde df ~gmqn siq~mox 'iq~mhò 89:df HMQ =1-%




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IHHOXX ^D MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ >8

9>>% Fmei``}, iq~mhò 89= df HMQ =1 x~i~ox ~gi~ ~iwsi}oqx iqo qoyumqon ~djqie~ ~iw dffmhmi`x fqoo ihhoxx nuqmej i`` auxmeoxx gduqx ~d ~gomq sqdfoxxmdei`dq d~goq sqolmxox me zgmhg ih~mvm~} mx hiqqmon du~, dq sqoxulon ~d ao hiqqmondu~% ^gmx mx ~d oeiaò ~go dffmhmi`x ~d no~oqlmeo ~go ei~uqo ien xhiò df ~go

ih~mvm~} hdehoqeon ien ~d voqmf} ~go owmx~oeho, ei~uqo ien yuie~m~} df jddnxien m~olx df i`` bmenx ~gi~ ~goxo soqxdex sdxxoxx dq boos de ~go sqolmxox ixzo`` ix ~d owilmeo i`` ihhdue~x ien ndhuloe~x bos~ ~goqo%

Da`mji~mdex df ~gmqn siq~mox

9>?% Suqxuie~ ~d iq~mh o 811 df HMQ =1, ~go inlmemx~qi~mde li}, zm~g qojiqn~d i jmvoe ~iwsi}oq, goiq ~gmqn siq~mox, uenoq~ibo iunm~x, ien qoyumqo ei~uqi` soqxdex dq òji` oe~m~mox, ix zo`` ix ixxdhmi~mdex zm~g ed òji` soqxdei`m~}, ~d sqdnuhoi`` mefdqli~mde ~gi~ ~go iu~gdqm~mox nool eohoxxiq}% Zgoe zm~eoxxox iqo goiqn,~gomq ~ox~mlde} mx jmvoe uenoq di~g suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò =8> df ~go kunmhmi` hdno%^go ~iwsi}oq mx xulldeon ~d ~go goiqmej df zm~eoxxox 'iq~mhò 81? df HMQ =1-%

9>6% ^go sqdnuh~mde df ~gmx mefdqli~mde li} i`xd ao qoyumqon me qoì~mde ~d‐ie} soqxde dq jqdus df soqxdex, ovoe zgoe ~go} iqo ed~ mnoe~mfmon a} eilo“zm~g zgdl ~go soqxdex dq oe~m~mox yuox~mdeon givo noi`~ ‐nmqoh~`} dq menmqoh~`} ix i qoxu`~ df '~gomq- ~qiexih~mdex dq ih~mvm~mox“ 'iq~mhò 818 df HMQ =1-%

9>:% X~i~o inlmemx~qi~mdex 'mehùnmej ~go sqdxohu~mej iu~gdqm~mox ien ~gohduq~ qojmx~qmox zgmhg me Ao`jmul iqo qoxsdexmaò fdq ~go qojmx~qi~mde df òji`

oe~m~mox-, ~go inlmemx~qi~mvo iu~gdqm~mox df sd`m~mhi` xuanmvmxmdex ien `dhi` iu~gdqm~mox ien d~goq sua`mh adnmox iqo da`mjon ~d sqdvmno i`` mefdqli~mde me ~gomq sdxxoxxmde zgoe qoyuox~on ~d nd xd a} ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox, ien ~d ò~ ~go iu~gdqm~moxhdexu`~ ie} m~ol dq ndhuloe~ ~gi~ li} ao eoonon fdq ~iwox ~d ao òvmon hdqqoh~`}%Me ~gmx xm~ui~mde, ~go owilmei~mde df ndhuloe~x qoì~mej ~d kunmhmi` sqdhonuqox mxxuakoh~ ~d ~go owsqoxx iu~gdqmxi~mde df ~go fonoqi` sqdxohu~dq, ~go sua`mh sqdxohu~dq dq ~go iunm~dqjoeoqi` 'iq~mh o 81:, siqijqisgx 9 ien 1, df HMQ =1-%

Sdzoqx df mevox~mji~mde

9>7% Zgoe ~go mefdqli~mde qoyuox~on a} i ~qoi~} siq~eoq mx i`qoin} me ~goAo`jmie ~iw inlmemx~qi~mde”x sdxxoxxmde, m~ hie ao owhgiejon zm~gdu~ qojiqn~d ie} sqoxhqms~mde soqmdn%

9>=% ^go iu~gdqm~mox li} uenoq~ibo mexsoh~mdex, iunm~x ien ~go ixxoxxloe~df ~iwox dq innm~mdei` ~iwox, ovoe zgoqo ~go ~iwsi}oq”x nohìqi~mde gix i`qoin}

aooe ihhos~on ien ~go ~iwox iqmxmej fqdl m~ simn% Xuhg mexsoh~mdex ien iunm~xli}, suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò 888, siqijqisgx 9 ien 1 df HMQ =1, ao hdenuh~onnuqmej ~go ~iwiaò soqmdn '}oiq me zgmhg mehdlo mx oiqeon- ix zo`` ix nuqmej~go ~gqoo }oiqx fd``dzmej 9 Kieuiq} df ~go ixxoxxloe~ }oiq '}oiq ~gi~ fd``dzx~go ~iwiaò soqmdn%-%




>> ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IHHOXX ^D MEFDQLI^MDE

9?3% Gdzovoq, me hixox me zgmhg fqiun mx xuxsoh~on, ~goxo mexsoh~mdex ieniunm~x li} i`xd ao hdenuh~on nuqmej ~go xovoe}oiq soqmdn aojmeemej de 9Kieuiq} df ~go ixxoxxloe~ }oiq% Me ~gmx hixo, ~go iu~gdqm~mox givo ~d mefdql ~go~iwsi}oq aofdqogien iadu~ ~go qoixdex kux~mf}mej ~go ow~oexmde df ~go iunm~ dq

mexsoh~mde soqmdn% Mf ~gmx sqmdq ed~mfmhi~mde mx ed~ fdq~ghdlmej, ~iwi~mde zm`` ao qoenoqon eu`` ien vdmn 'iq~mhò 888, siqijqisg 8 df HMQ =1-%

9?9% Me li~~oqx df me~oqei~mdei` owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde, ~go Ao`jmieinlmemx~qi~mde me~oqsqo~x ~go sqdvmxmdex df m~x ndlox~mh ìz ix i``dzmej m~ ~dihhoxx mefdqli~mde me hixo df ~iw ivdmnieho nuqmej i xovoe }oiq soqmdn de ~goxmlsò sqdvmxmde, a} ~go qoyuox~mej siq~eoq, df ~go qoixdex fdq zgmhg ihhoxx ~dmefdqli~mde nuqmej i soqmdn jqoi~oq ~gie ~gqoo }oiqx mx eohoxxiq}% Xmeho ~gmxmx i li~~oq qojiqnmej ~go Ao`jmie inlmemx~qi~mde”x sqih~mhox ien ~go me~oqsqo~i~mde df m~x ei~mdei` ~iw òjmxì~mde, ~go oviùi~mde ~oil mx df ~go vmoz ~gi~ m~

xgdu`n ao xuakoh~ ~d fuq~goq xhqu~me} nuqmej ~go Sgixo 1 owilmei~mde%

9?1% Me innm~mde ~d givmej ~go sdzoq ~d ixb ~iwsi}oqx ien ~gmqn siq~mox~d sqdvmno mefdqli~mde usde qoyuox~, ie} XSF Fmeiehox dffmhmi`, qojuìq`}qoxsdexmaò fdq hiqq}mej du~ ie owilmei~mde dq ie iunm~ mx ìzfu``} iu~gdqmxon~d ~ibo, xoob dq ji~goq qoòvie~ ien edeowhoxxmvo issqdsqmi~o mefdqli~mde,zgmhg hde~qmau~ox ~d oexuqmej ~go ixxoxxloe~ dq hd`òh~mde df ie} d~goq ~iwme~qdnuhon a} ~go x~i~o 'iq~mhò 88?, siqijqisg 1, HMQ =1-%

Dzeoqxgms ien mnoe~m~} mefdqli~mde ' dQ A%9%9-$ Ihhdue~mej

qohdqnx '^dQ A%9%1-

9?8% Me dqnoq ~d da~ime ~gmx mefdqli~mde, ~go Ao`jmie hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~},dq ~go Ao`jmie inlmemx~qi~mvo iu~gdqm~} zgmhg m~ hi``x usde ~d ji~goq ~go mefdqli~mde, ih~x kux~ ix m~ zdu`n de m~x dze mem~mi~mvo dq i~ ~go qoyuox~ df ied~goq Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~}%

9?>% Me ~gmx xm~ui~mde ien me dqnoq ~d ihhoxx mefdqli~mde de ~go mnoe~m~} df soqxdex mevd`von me i òji` oe~m~} dq ie iqqiejoloe~ ox~ia`mxgon dq inlmemx~oqon fqdl Ao`jmul, ~go Ao`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox li} mevdbo ~go loixuqoxme iq~mhòx 89? ien 811 df HMQ =1 ~d oexuqo ~gi~ ~go mefdqli~mde qoyuox~on mx

sqdvmnon om~goq nmqoh~`} a} ~go ~iwsi}oq, dq zgdovoq mx ao`movon ~d ao gd`nmejm~% ^go xilo qoixdemej iss`mox ~d ~go sqdvmxmde df ihhdue~mej ni~i%

9??% Ix sqovmdux`} loe~mdeon, ihhdqnmej ~d ~go Ao`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox,ihhoxx ~d mefdqli~mde mx oexuqon nuqmej i soqmdn df xovoe }oiqx ix `dej ix ~goqoyuox~mej siq~} sqdvmnox qoixdex fdq zgmhg ~go ihhoxx ~d mefdqli~mde nuqmej~gmx soqmdn mx eohoxxiq}%

9?6% M~ xgdu`n i`xd ao loe~mdeon ~gi~ me ~go Ao`jmul_X ~iw ~qoi~}, m~ mxowsqoxx`} x~i~on ~gi~, fdq ~go suqsdxox df ~go Lu~ui` Ijqooloe~ Sqdhonuqo,

~go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox hie ihhoxx mefdqli~mde du~xmno ~go hdllde ~gqoo}oiq




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IHHOXX ^D MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ >?

Ao`jmie ~mlo `mlm~% ^go sqd~dhd` xmjeon zm~g Joqlie} de 19 Kieuiq} 1393i`xd mehùnox ~gmx sqdvmxmde96% ^gmx ndox ed~, gdzovoq, iss`} me ~go hde~ow~ df ~go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde iq~mhò me ie} df Ao`jmul”x ~qoi~mox%

_xo df mefdqli~mde ji~goqmej loixuqox iaxoe~ ndlox~mh ~iw me~oqox~ '^dQ A%9%8-

9?:% ^go hdehos~ df ‐ndlox~mh ~iw me~oqox~“ noxhqmaox xm~ui~mdex me zgmhgi hde~qih~mej siq~} hie de`} sqdvmno mefdqli~mde ~d ied~goq hde~qih~mej siq~}mf m~ gix ie me~oqox~ me ji~goqmej ~gmx mefdqli~mde fdq m~x dze eoonx%

9?7% Ao`jmie òjmxì~mde hde~imex ed~gmej ~d qox~qmh~ ~go uxo df ndlox~mh mefdqli~mdeji~goqmej sdzoqx ~d xm~ui~mdex me zgmhg ~go mefdqli~mde mxqoyumqon a} ~go Ao`jmie ~iw inlmemx~qi~mde fdq m~x dze uxo%

Hdlsu`xdq} sdzoqx '^dQ A%9%>-

9?=% _eiexzoqon qoyuox~x fdq mefdqli~mde li} qoxu`~ me inlmemx~qi~mvo soei ~mox suqxuie~ ~d iq~mhò >>? df HMQ =1% _enoq ~gmx sqdvmxmde, ie}mefqmejoloe~ df ~go sqdvmxmdex df HMQ =1 dq m~x mlsòloe~mej qojuì~mdex,ien ~gux ie} qofuxi` ~d qos`} ~d i qoyuox~ fdq mefdqli~mde fqdl ~go Ao`jmieiu~gdqm~mox, mx suemxgiaò a} ie inlmemx~qi~mvo fmeo df O_Q ?3 ~d O_Q 9 1?3%

963% Zgoqo ~go hdenm~mdex iqo xi~mxfmon, hqmlmei` xoe~oehox li} i`xd ao

gienon ndze 'iq~mhòx >>=>68 df HMQ =1-% _enoq owhos~mdei` hmqhulx~iehox,i hdllde ìz kunmhmi` sqdhonuqo 'fdq owilsò, oloqjoeh} me~oqml sqdhoonmejx- lmjg~ ao uxon zgoe ~go qojuìq sqdhonuqo mx meoffoh~mvo me qoxd`vmej~go nmxsu~o zm~gme ~go qoyumqon ~mlo soqmdn% Me oloqjoeh} xm~ui~mdex, ienme siq~mhuìq zgoe ~go ixxoxxloe~ soqmdn me ~go qoyuox~mej x~i~o mx i~ qmxb df owsmqmej, ~go Ao`jmie inlmemx~qi~mde mx `mbo`} ~d ixb ~go sqoxmnoe~ df ~go fmqx~mex~ieho ~qmauei` ~d dqnoq ~go soqxde ~d zgdl ~go qoyuox~ zix lino ~d sqdvmno ~go qoyuox~on mefdqli~mde uenoq oloqjoeh} me~oqml sqdhoonmejx%

969% Fi`xo ~ox~mlde}, i fi`xo nohìqi~mde lino a} ie me~oqsqo~oq dq hdexu`~ie~, dq i xuadqei~mde df zm~eoxxox me deo df ~go hixox df oeyumq} iu~gdqmxon a}iq~mhòx 811 'qoyuox~ fdq mefdqli~mde fqdl ~gmqn siq~mox- dq 81? 'goiqmej df zm~eoxxox- mx suemxgiaò, suqxuie~ ~d ~go sqdvmxmdex df iq~mhòx 11311> me ~go Soei`Hdno 'iq~mhò >?9 df HMQ =1-, a} mlsqmxdeloe~ fdq ~zd lde~gx ~d ~gqoo }oiqx%

961% Fimùqo ~d issoiq dq qofuxi` ~d ~ox~mf} me oeyumqmox iu~gdqmxon a} iq~mhòx811, 81? ien 8:> df HMQ =1 mx i`xd suemxgiaò a} mlsqmxdeloe~ fdq omjg~ ni}x~d xmw lde~gx ien$dq i fmeo df O_Q 91? ~d O_Q 91 ?33 'iq~mhò >?1 df HMQ =1-%

96% ^gmx sqd~dhd` mx ed~ }o~ me fdqho%




>6 ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IHHOXX D MEFDQLI^MDE

Xohqoh} sqdvmxmdex '^dQ A%9%?-

Aieb hdefmnoe~mi`m~}

968% Aiebmej hdefmnoe~mi`m~} me Ao`jmul mx ed~ sqdvmnon fdq me ~goHdex~m~u~mde dq hqmlmei` ìz% ^go ih~mvm~} df aieboqx ien, ldqo joeoqi``}, df i`` sqdfoxxmdex me ~go ohdedlmh ien fmeiehmi` xoh~dq, mx ed~ hdvoqon a} sqdfoxxmdei` xohqoh}% Fdq ~go Xusqolo Hduq~ df Issoi` me Ao`jmul, aieboqx iqo ed~xuakoh~ ~d qoi` sqdfoxxmdei` xohqoh} au~ ~d zgi~ mx hux~dliqm`} bedze ix i‐nu~} df nmxhqo~mde“% ^gux aieboqx zgd nmxh`dxo mefdqli~mde ji~goqon me ~gohduqxo df ~gomq sqdfoxxmdei` ih~mvm~mox iqo jum`~} df lmxhdenuh~ fdq zgmhg ~go}li} ao go`n hmvm``} au~ ed~ hqmlmei``} `miaò%

96>% Me qoi`m~}, aiebmej hdefmnoe~mi`m~} me ~iw li~~oqx mx sqdvmnon fdq nmqoh~`} a} iq~mhò 897 df HMQ =1, ix ie owhos~mde ~d ~go joeoqi` sqmehmsòdf ihhoxx ~d mefdqli~mde a} ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox% Gdzovoq, ~gmx aiebmej ‐nmxhqo~mde“ iss`mox de`} ~d mehdlo ~iw, nuqmej ~go sgixo nuqmej zgmhg ~iw mxixxoxxon% Zgoqo d~goq ~iwox xuhg ix VI , megoqm~ieho ~iw, x~ils ~iwox ienhux~dlx ien owhmxo iqo hdehoqeon, ~gmx `mlm~i~mde ndox ed~ owmx~%

96?% ^go fdqojdmej owhos~mde iss`mox ~d ie} ei~uqi` soqxde dq òji` oe~m~}~gi~ mx ~go ‐hux~dloq“ df i aieb dq d~goq fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mde me ~go auxmeoxxxoexo df ~go ~oql, loiemej ~gi~ ~go soqxde dq oe~m~} hdehoqeon au}x jddnxfqdl ~go aieb dq fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mde dq uxox m~x xoqvmhox% Ildej xuhg soqxdex dq oe~m~mox ~goqofdqo iqo ~gdxo zm~g i aieb ihhdue~, ~gdxo ~gi~ iss`} fdq

jdvoqeloe~ xohuqm~mox, au} dq xo`` xohuqm~mox, qoe~ i xifo~} nosdxm~ adw, suqhgixo jd`n au``mde dq huqqoehmox, iqo jqie~on hqonm~ dq da~ime i `die%

966% Gdzovoq, Ao`jmie ìz sqdvmnox fdq owhos~mdex ~d ~go hdefmnoe~mi`m~} sqmehmsò;

zgoqo hdehqo~o fmenmejx sdme~ ~d ~go owmx~oeho dq sqosiqi~mde df i ~iwfqiun xhgolo 2

me hixox df ~iwsi}oqqoyuox~on inkux~loe~2

fdq suqsdxox df ~iw qohdvoq}2

mf ~go aiebmej mefdqli~mde mx me ~go ~iwsi}oq”x sdxxoxxmde ‘ zm~g ~goowhos~mde df suqo`} sqmvi~o ihhdue~x9: ‘ dq me ~go sdxxoxxmde df soqxdex d~goq ~gie aiebmej mex~m~u~mdex2

zm~gme ~go xhdso df ~go O_ xivmejx nmqoh~mvo fdq ~go suqsdxo df iu~dli~mh owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde%

9:% ‐Sqmvi~o“ ihhdue~; zgoqo ~iwsi}oqx uxo i Ao`jmie aieb ihhdue~ owhùxmvo`} fdq

sqmvi~o suqsdxox, ~go iu~gdqm~mox iqo ed~ oe~m~òn ~d nolien ndhuloe~x qoì~mej

~d m~%




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IHHOXX ^D MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ >:

96:% Ao`jmie ~iw òjmxì~mde hde~imex ed owhos~mde ~d ~go hdefmnoe~mi`m~} sqmehmsò zgoe mefdqli~mde mx qoyuox~on a} fdqomje inlmemx~qi~mvo iu~gdqm~mox,mehùnmej mex~iehox me zgmhg ~go qoòvie~ ~qoi~} sqdvmnox voq} hòiq`} fdq ~goowhgiejo df aiebmej mefdqli~mde% Menoon, ~gmx li~~oq mx xo~~òn de i hixoa}

hixo aixmx me ~go ìzx ~gi~ qi~mf} ~go hdevoe~mdex%

967% ^gux me ~go Ao`jmie$_X fqilozdqb, ~go qi~mf}mej ìz hde~imex sqdvmxmdex x~i~mej xsohmfmhi``} ~gi~ iq~mhò 897 df HMQ =1 zm`` ed~ ao oefdqhoiaò me~go hixo df qoyuox~x fdq mefdqli~mde fqdl ~go _X ~iw iu~gdqm~mox uenoq iq~mhò 1?, siqijqisg ? df ~go ~iw hdevoe~mde% Me innm~mde, hmqhuìq IIF$=:$873 df 9? Foaquiq} 1337 sua`mxgon a} XSF Fmeiehox xsohmfmox ~go hdenm~mdex uenoq zgmhg ~go qoyuox~ qohomvon zm`` ao sqdhoxxon a} ~go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox iengdz aiebmej mefdqli~mde li} ao da~imeon fqdl ~go mex~m~u~mdex sdxxoxxmej m~%

96=% d ni~o, ~go Ao`jmul_X hdevoe~mde hdex~m~u~ox ~go de`} qofoqoeho me~gmx iqoi% Gdzovoq, ~go Ao`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox givo menmhi~on ~gi~, me ~go hixodf ~go >3 d~goq sqd~dhd`x ien ~iw mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~x '^MOIx-hdls`}mej zm~g ~go x~ieniqn zgmhg givo aooe xmjeon ~d ni~o, ~go qi~mf}mejìz zdu`n hde~ime i sqdvmxmde ~d ~go xilo offoh~ ix ~go deo me ~go ìz issqdvmej ~go Ao`jmie$_X ~iw hdevoe~mde%

9:3% Fuq~goqldqo, m~ mx i`xd mlsdq~ie~ ~d gmjg`mjg~ ~gi~ uenoq ~go O_Xivmejx Nmqoh~mvo fqilozdqb, Ao`jmul mx, xmeho 1393, me i sdxm~mde ~d iu~dli~mhi``} owhgiejo aiebmej mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej menmvmnui`x qohomvmejme~oqox~ si}loe~x zm~g m~x 16 O_ hdue~oqsiq~x 'ien ~go xovoe d~goq hdue~qmox97

ien kuqmxnmh~mdex ~gi~ iqo siq~mox ~d ~gmx ijqooloe~-% ^go ndlox~mh sqdvmxmdex sqdvmnmej fdq ~gmx sdxxmam`m~} zoqo mlsòloe~on me 133= me Ao`jmie ndlox~mh ~iw ìz% ^gmx loiex ~gi~ Ao`jmul hie owhgiejo usde qoyuox~ aiebmejmefdqli~mde zm~g deo kuqmxnmh~mde '~go _em~onX~i~ox-% Me innm~mde Ao`jmulhie iu~dli~mhi``} owhgiejo xdlo aiebmej mefdqli~mde zm~g ~go kuqmxnmh~mdexmevd`von me ~go owhgiejox dqjiemxon a} ~go O_ Xivmejx Nmqoh~mvo i e nqoì~on ijqooloe~x%

Ihhdue~ie~x” sqmvmòjo

9:9% Iq~mhò ?7, siqijqisg 8 df ~go Isqm` 11, 9=== ìz de ~go ihhdue~mejien ~iw sqdfoxxmdex sqdvmnox ~gi~ Iq~mhò >?7 df ~go hqmlmei` hdno, zgmhgnoi`x zm~g sqdfoxxmdei` xohqoh}, iss`mox ~d ihhdue~ie~x ien hoq~mfmon sua`mhihhdue~ie~x% Gdzovoq, zgoe ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox owilmeo ~go ~iw xm~ui~mde df ~go ihhdue~ie~”x h`moe~, ~go ihhdue~ie~ lux~ sqdvmno ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox zm~gi`` ~go addbx ien qohdqnx ien d~goq mefdqli~mde eohoxxiq} fdq ~go suqsdxox df no~oqlmemej ~go h`moe~”x ~iwiaò mehdlo% De`} ~go mefdqli~mde sqdvmnon ~d ~go

97% Iquai, Aqm~mxg Vmqjme Mxìenx, Juoqexo}, Mxò df Lie, Koqxo}, Lde~xoqqi~, ien

Eo~goqìenx Ie~m`òx,




>7 ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IHHOXX ^D MEFDQLI^MDE

ihhdue~ie~ de i hdefmnoe~mi` aixmx hieed~ ao sqdvmnon ~d ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox%Ie ihhdue~ie~ hie ~ibo invie~ijo df sqdfoxxmdei` xohqoh} zm~g qoxsoh~ ~d ~gomefdqli~mde jmvoe a} gmx h`moe~ me xohqo~, au~ ~gmx mx xuakoh~ ~d fmvo owhos~mdex;

Zgoe ~go h`moe~ owsqoxx`} i``dzx ~go ihhdue~ie~ ~d nmxh`dxo ~go mefdqli~mde 2

Zgoe ~go ihhdue~ie~ gmlxo`f$goqxo`f mx uenoq i hqmlmei` mevox~mji~mde2

Zgoe ~go ihhdue~ie~ mx de ~qmi` zm~g gmx$goq owh`moe~2

Zgoe ~go ihhdue~ie~ mx fihon zm~g i xm~ui~mde df eohoxxm~}2

Zgoe ~go ìz qoyumqox ~go ihhdue~ie~ ~d nmxh`dxo gmx xohqo~x 'fdq owilsò,me ~go hixo df ldeo} ìuenoqmej-, dq zgoe ~go ihhdue~ie~ mx xulldeon ~d sqdvmno ~ox~mlde} me hduq~ dq aofdqo i siq`miloe~iq} oeyumq} hdllmxxmde%

9:1% Zgoe i soqxde xuakoh~ ~d sqdfoxxmdei` qojuì~mde qofuxox ~d sqdvmnohoq~ime ndhuloe~x dq dqi` mefdqli~mde de ~go aixmx df sqdfoxxmdei` xohqoh},~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox lux~ xoob ~go me~oqvoe~mde df ~go hdlso~oe~ nmxhms`meiq}iu~gdqm~} zgd zm`` no~oqlmeo zgo~goq ~go mefdqli~mde mx hdvoqon a} sqdfoxxmdei` xohqoh}, ien mf eohoxxiq}, ~go hdenm~mdex suqxuie~ ~d zgmhg ~go mefdqli~mde hie dq hieed~ ao nmxh`dxon 'Iq~mhò 88> df HMQ =1-%

9:8% ^go Ao`jmul iu~gdqm~mox givo invmxon ~gi~ ~go ihhdue~ie~ sqmvmòjogix eovoq gmenoqon ~go ihhoxx ~d mefdqli~mde fdq ixxoxxloe~ df ~iw% ^go ow~oe~df ~gmx sqmvmòjo ien m~x me~oqih~mdex zm~g ODM zm`` ao fuq~goq hdexmnoqon

nuqmej ~go sgixo 1 qovmoz df Ao`jmul%


Hdehùxmde

^go oòloe~ mx ed~ me sìho%


qohdlloeni~mdex

Qohdlloeni~mdex

^go Ao`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox nd

ed~ givo ie} ihhoxx ~d aiebmejmefdqli~mde me ~go fmo`n df nmqoh~

~iwi~mde%

Ao`jmul xgdu`n oexuqo ~gi~ m~x

iu~gdqm~mox givo ihhoxx ~d aiebmejmefdqli~mde fdq ~go suqsdxox df

owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde me ~go fmo`n df

nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde%




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; IHHOXX ^D MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ >=

A%1% Ed~mfmhi~mde qoyumqoloe~x ien qmjg~x ien xifojuiqnx

^go qmjg~x ien xifojuiqnx 'o%j % ed~mfmhi~mde, issoi` qmjg~x- ~gi~ iss`} ~d soqxdex me ~go

qoyuox~on kuqmxnmh~mde xgdu`n ao hdlsi~maò zm~g offoh~mvo owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde%

Ed~ uenu`} sqovoe~ dq noì} owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde '^dQ A%1%9%-

9:>% HMQ =1 ndox ed~ hde~ime ie} sqdvmxmdex qoyumqmej ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox~d ed~mf} i ~iwsi}oq iadu~ zgdl mefdqli~mde mx qoyuox~on%


Hdehùxmde





HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ ?9

H% Owhgiejmej Mefdqli~mde

Dvoqvmoz

9:?% Kuqmxnmh~mdex joeoqi` } hieed~ owhgiejo mefdqli~mde fdq ~iw suqsdxoxueòxx ~go} givo i òji` aixmx dq lohgiemxlx fdq ndmej xd% Me Ao`jmul, ~go òjiìu~gdqm~} ~d owhgiejo mefdqli~mde mx noqmvon fqdl amì~oqi` lohgiemxlx 'nduaò~iw hdevoe~mdex- ix zo`` ix ndlox~mh ìz% ^gmx xoh~mde df ~go qosdq~ owilmeoxzgo~goq Ao`jmul gix i eo~zdqb df mefdqli~mde owhgiejo iqqiejoloe~x ~gi~zdu`n i``dz m~ ~d ihgmovo ~go offoh~mvo owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde me sqih~mho%

9:6% Ao`jmul gix i vix~ eo~zdqb df ijqooloe~x mehùnmej sqdvmxmdex de~go owhgiejo mefdqli~mde fdq ~iw suqsdxox% d ni~o, 991 ijqooloe~x givo aooe xmjeon au~ de`} deo hdefdqlx ~d ~go x~ieniqn% Ao`jmul gix olaiqbonde ie ow~oexmvo nqmvo ~d qofdql m~x ~qoi~mox me dqnoq ~d aqmej ~gol us ~d ~gome~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn df ~qiexsiqoeh}% Xmeho libmej m~x hdllm~loe~ ~d ~gmxx~ieniqn me 133=, Ao`jmul gix i`qoin} xmjeon >3 ~qoi~mox ien mem~mi`òn 1>d~goqx% 63 ò~~oqx sqdsdxmej eojd~mi~mdex givo i`xd aooe xoe~% ^go xsoon zm~gzgmhg ~goxo eojd~mi~mdex givo aooe hdenuh~on mx fmql`} olsgixmxon ovoe~gdujg Ao`jmul edz gix ~d oexuqo ~gi~ xuhg ijqooloe~x hie oe~oq me~d fdqhoyumhb`}, zgmhg i~ sqoxoe~ mx ed~ ~go hixo fdq ie} df ~gol%

9::% Menoon ien zm~g qofoqoeho ~d ~go xm~ui~mde nmxhuxxon me xoh~mde A%9%,Ao`jmul mx ed~ me i sdxm~mde ~d owhgiejo mefdqli~mde go`n a} fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mdex fdq ~go suqsdxox df ~go ixxoxxloe~ df mehdlo ~iwox, xmeho m~ ìhbx ie}

hòiq sqdvmxmde ~d ~gmx offoh~ me m~x ~qoi~mox% Isiq~ fqdl ~go hdevoe~mde zm~g~go _em~on X~i~ox, ed hdevoe~mde xmjeon zm~g Ao`jmul i``dzx, ix }o~, ~goowhgiejo df aiebmej mefdqli~mde%

9:7% I`` lohgiemxlx fdq owhgiejmej mefdqli~mde mehùno sqdvmxmdex hdehoqeon zm~g hdefmnoe~mi`m~}, ien Ao`jmie ndlox~mh òjmxì~mde i`xd hde~imex

sqdvmxmdex de ~gmx xuakoh~% ^goxo sqdvmxmdex iss`} me owih~`} ~go xilo zi} ~d~go mefdqli~mde ien ndhuloe~x hdlsqmxmej ie} qoyuox~ qohomvon a} Ao`jmul,ix ~go} nd ~d ~go qos`mox ih~ui``} fdqziqnon ~d ~go ~qoi~} siq~eoq%




?1 ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE

9:=% Oihg df ~go ~qoi~mox oe~oqon me~d a} Ao`jmul juiqie~oox ~gi~ ~go siq~mox mevd`von zm`` ed~ ao da`mjon ~d qovoi` mefdqli~mde qojiqnmej ie menux~qmi`,

auxmeoxx dq sqdfoxxmdei` xohqo~, dq mefdqli~mde xuakoh~ ~d i~~dqeo}h`moe~ sqmvmòjo, dq ~d nmxh`dxo mefdqli~mde ~gi~ zdu`n ao hde~qiq} ~d sua`mh dqnoq%

973% Fmei``} ien i ~gdujg ~gmx mx i li~~oq ~gi~ zm`` ao ixxoxxon nuqmej ~go sgixo 1 qovmoz, ~goqo mx ed qox~qmh~mde me Ao`jmie ndlox~mh òjmxì~mde ~gi~lmjg~ `mlm~ Ao`jmul”x iam`m~} ~d owhgiejo mefdqli~mde zm~gme ~go =3ni} soqmdn x~msuì~on a} ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqnx%

H%9% Mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx

Owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde lohgiemxlx xgdu`n i``dz fdq offoh~mvo owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde%

979% Ao`jmul gix xmjeon 991 ijqooloe~x zgmhg sqdvmno fdq ~go owhgiejodf mefdqli~mde% ^gmx mehùnox ~go 98 ^MOIX xmjeon xmeho Liqhg 133=%

971% Ix i lolaoq df ~go Ouqdsoie _emde, Ao`jmul mx mevd`von me ~goOuqdsoie hdllde VI^ x}x~ol ien ix i hdexoyuoeho me ~go VI^ owhgiejodf mefdqli~mde ~gi~ ~ibox sìho uenoq ~go O_ qojuì~mde 'OH- 9:=7$13389=%Ao`jmul mx i`xd mevd`von me owhgiejmej mefdqli~mde iu~dli~mhi``}% ^gmx ~ibox sìho uenoq ~go xhdso df ~go O_ Xivmejx Nmqoh~mvo >7$1338$OH suqxuie~ ~dzgmhg O_ lolaoqx 'zm~g ~go owhos~mde df Iux~qmi ien @uwolauqj-, ix zo``

ix d~goq kuqmxnmh~mdex ~gi~ iqo siq~} ~d ijqooloe~x13, owhgiejo ni~i de ieieeui` aixmx hdehoqemej ~go xivmejx mehdlo qohomvon fqdl Ao`jmul si}mejijoe~x a} ~iwsi}oqx `dhi~on iaqdin% Iu~dli~mh owhgiejox i`xd ~ibo sìhouenoq ~go N^Hx xmjeon a} Ao`jmul dq ~go O_ Lu~ui` Ixxmx~ieho Nmqoh~mvode i qohmsqdhi` aixmx%

Fdqoxooia`} qoòvie~ x~ieniqn ' dQ H%9%9-

978% ^go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn me mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ixxulox ~gi~mefdqli~mde xgdu`n ao owhgiejon usde qoyuox~ ~d ~go zmnox~ sdxxmaò ow~oe~%Gdzovoq, m~ ndox ed~ i``dz ‐fmxgmej owsonm~mdex“, loiemej xsohuì~mvoqoyuox~x fdq mefdqli~mde zgmhg issoiq ~d givo ed hòiq `meb zm~g ie dejdmejiunm~ dq mevox~mji~mde% ^go aiìeho ao~zooe ~goxo ~zd hdlso~mej ixsoh~x mxowsqoxxon me ~go hdehos~ df ‐fdqoxooiaò qoòvieho“ hde~imeon me siqijqisg 9df iq~mhò 16 df ~go DOHN Ldno` iw Hdevoe~mde, zgmhg x~i~ox ~go fd``dzmej;

9=% I eoz qojuì~mde 'OH- =3>$1393 zix inds~on a} ~go Ouqdsoie Hduehm` de 9>

Dh~daoq 1393 ien zm`` oe~oq me~d fdqho de 9 Kieuiq} 1391%

13% Iquai, Aqm~mxg Vmqjme Mxìenx Juoqexo}, Mxò df Lie, ien Lde~xoqqi~ ien ~go

Eo~goqìenx Ie~m`òx%




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ ?8

‐^go hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~mox df ~go Hde~qih~mej X~i~ox xgi`` owhgiejo xuhg mefdqli~mde ix mx fdqoxooia`} qoòvie~ fdq hiqq}mej du~ ~go sqdvmxmdex df ~gmx Hdevoe~mde dq ~d ~go inlmemx~qi~mdedq oefdqholoe~ df ~go ndlox~mh ìzx hdehoqemej ~iwox df ovoq}

bmen ien noxhqms~mde mlsdxon de aogi`f df ~go Hde~qih~mej X~i~ox,dq df ~gomq sd`m~mhi` xuanmvmxmdex dq `dhi` iu~gdqm~mox, mexdfiq ix~go ~iwi~mde ~goqouenoq mx ed~ hde~qiq} ~d ~go Hdevoe~mde% ^goowhgiejo df mefdqli~mde mx ed~ qox~qmh~on a} Iq~mhòx 9 ien 1%“

97>% Ldx~ df ~go ~qoi~mox xmjeon a} Ao`jmul hde~ime ~go ~oqlx ‐eohoxxiq}“,‐qoòvie~“ dq ‐fdqoxooia`} qoòvie~“% ^go hdlloe~iq} de iq~mhò 16 df ~goDOHN Ldno` Hdevoe~mde hdexmnoqx ~gi~ ~go ~oqlx ‐eohoxxiq}“ dq ‐qoòvie~“loie ~go xilo ~gmej fdq ~go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde ix ~go owsqoxxmde ‐fdqoxooia`} qoòvie~“% ^gux ldx~ ~qoi~mox oe~oqon me~d a} Ao`jmul hie ao qohdj

emxon ix hdls`}mej zm~g ~go x~ieniqn df ~qiexsiqoeh}%

97?% M~ mx ed~on ~gi~ ~go ~iw hdevoe~mde hdehùnon zm~g ~go fdqloq _XXQ de 9: Noholaoq 9=7:, zgmhg mx x~m`` me fdqho fdq qoì~mdexgmsx zm~gûqbloemx~ie, B}qj}{x~ie, Ld`ndvi, ien îkmbmx~ie, ndox ed~ hde~ime ie}mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx%

Me qoxsoh~ df i`` soqxdex '^dQ H%9%1-

976% Offoh~mvo mefdqli~mde owhgiejo sqoxussdxox ~gi~ ~go da`mji~mde df i

kuqmxnmh~mde ~d sqdvmno mefdqli~mde xgdu`n ed~ ao `mlm~on a} ~go qoxmnoeho dq ei~mdei`m~} df om~goq ~go soqxde ~d zgdl ~go qoyuox~on mefdqli~mde qoì~ox, dq ~go soqxde zgd sdxxoxxox dq gd`nx ~go mefdqli~mde qoyuox~on% Fdq ~gmx qoixde,~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn me mefdqli~mde owhgiejo x~i~ox ~gi~ ~go lohgiemxlxfdq owhgiejo hie soqlm~ ie owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde hdehoqemej i`` soqxdex%

97:% Ixmno fqdl ~go ~qoi~} hdehùnon zm~g ~go fdqloq _XXQ zgmhghdvoqx ûqbloemx~ie, B}qj}{x~ie, Ld`ndvi ien îkmbmx~ie 'xoo iadvo-, i``df Ao`jmul”x ~qoi~mox hde~ime loixuqox sqdvmnmej fdq ~go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde iadu~ ie} soqxde% Edeo df ~go mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlxqox~qmh~x ~go xhdso df mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ~d kux~ xdlo soqxdex, xuhg ix, fdq owilsò, ~gdxo ~gi~ iqo hdexmnoqon qoxmnoe~x df deo df ~go ~zd x~i~ox%

Da`mji~mde ~d owhgiejo i`` ~}sox df mefdqli~mde '^dQ H%9%8-

977% Kuqmxnmh~mdex hieed~ uenoq~ibo offoh~mvo mefdqli~mde owhgiejo mf ~go}iqo ueiaò ~d owhgiejo mefdqli~mde zgmhg mx go`n a} fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mdex,edlmeoox dq soqxdex ih~mej me ie ijoeh} dq i fmnuhmiq} hisihm~}, dq aohiuxo~go mefdqli~mde qoì~ox ~d dzeoqxgms me~oqox~x me i soqxde%




?> ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE

97=% Iq~mhò 16 '?- df ~go DOHN Ldno` Hdevoe~mde sqdvmnox ~gi~ i hde~qih~mej x~i~o li} ed~ noh`meo ~d xuss`} mefdqli~mde xdò`} aohiuxo m~ mxgo`n a} i aieb, d~goq fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mde, edlmeoo dq soqxde ih~mej me ieijoeh} dq i fmnuhmiq} hisihm~}, dq aohiuxo m~ qoì~ox ~d dzeoqxgms me~oqox~x

me i soqxde% De`} ~go ~qoi~} ao~zooe Ao`jmul ien ~go _em~on X~i~ox df 1: Edvolaoq 1336, zgmhg hilo me~d fdqho de 17 Noholaoq 133:, hde~imex ihdqqoxsdenmej sqdvmxmde%

9=3% Xmeho libmej m~x hdllm~loe~ ~d ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn me ~qiex siqoeh} me 133=, Ao`jmul gix oe~oqon me~d eoz ~qoi~mox zm~g Hgmei, ~go Mx o df Lie ien ~go Fdqloq ]ujdx iv Qosua`mh df Lihondemi 'F]QDL-% Iq~mh o 16'?- df ~go ~qoi~} zm~g Hgmei hde~imex i qofoqoeho ~d aiebx ien d~goq fmeiehmi`mex~m~u~mdex, au~ ndox ed~ mehùno ~go qofoqoeho ~d edlmeoox, soqxdex ih~mej me ieijoeh} dq i fmnuhmiq} hisihm~}, ien mefdqli~mde qoì~mej ~d dzeoqxgms me~oqox~x%

Zgmò ~go ~qoi~} zm~g ~go Mxò df Lie hde~imex i hdqqoxsdenmej iq~mhò 16 '?-, m~i`xd x~msuì~ox ~gi~ ‐Mf ~go qoyuox~ ndox ed~ mnoe~mf} ad~g i xsohmfmh ~iwsi}oq ieni xsohmfmh aieb dq fmeiehmi` mex~m~u~mde, ~go hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~} df ~go qoyuox~on siq~} li} noh`meo ~d da~ime mefdqli~mde ~gi~ m~ ndox ed~ i`qoin} sdxxoxx%“

9=9% Aoxmnox ~goxo eoz ~qoi~mox, Ao`jmul gix eojd~mi~on 1> sqd~dhd`x zm~g~go fd``dzmej hdue~qmox, me dqnoq ~d me~qdnuho mefdqli~mde owhgiejo sqdvmxmdex ~gi~ hdls`} zm~g ~go x~ieniqn; Joqlie}, Iux~qi`mi, Iux~qmi, Aigqime,Hdejd, Bdqoi, Noeliqb, Xsime, Fmeìen, Fqieho, Jqooho, Mhoìen, Kisie,@uwoladuqj, Liì}xmi, Li`~i, Edqzi}, ~go Eo~goqìenx, ~go H{ohg Qosua`mh,

~go _em~on Bmejndl, Qzieni, Xie Liqmed, Xo}hgo`òx ien Xmejisdqo%9=1% De : Noholaoq 133=, gdzovoq, Ao`jmul hdehùnon i sqd~dhd` ~d m~xowmx~mej ~qoi~} zm~g Eoz [oiìen, xmjeon de 9? Xos~olaoq 9=79, zgmhg ndoxed~ hde~ime ie usni~o ~d ~go mefdqli~mde owhgiejo iq~mhò% ^gmx sqd~dhd`,eojd~mi~on aofdqo Ao`jmul”x fdqli` hdllm~loe~ ~d ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn,zix ~go xuakoh~ df i eoz iloenmej sqd~dhd` xmjeon de 93 Kueo 1393%

9=8% Ao`jmul gix innm~mdei``} hdeh unon 98 mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~x ~gi~ i`` mehùno sqdvmxmdex hdls`}mej zm~g iq~mhò ? '>- df ~go DOHNLdno` ^MOI, zgmhg qoyumqox ~go hde~qih~mej siq~mox ~d owhgiejo i`` ~}sox df

mefdqli~mde%9=>% Fmei``}, ihhdqnmej ~d ~go mefdqli~mde sua`mh`} ivimìaò de ~go XSFFmeiehox zoaxm~o, Ao`jmul gix mem~mi`òn 1> d~goq sqd~dhd`x hde~imemej sqdvmxmdex oyumviòe~ ~d siqijqisg ? df iq~mhò 16 df ~go DOHN Ldno` Hdevoe~mdedq ~go DOHN Ldno` ^MOI, dvoq ien iadvo ~go >3 ijqooloe~x hdehùnonxmeho 133=% Me innm~mde, Ao`jmul gix xoe~ 63 ò~~oqx sqdsdxmej eojd~mi~mdex df sqd~dhd`x hdefdqlmej ~d ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn df owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde ~d huqqoe~ ien sqdxsoh~mvo siq~eoqx%

9=?% ^go >3 ijqooloe~x xmjeon a} Ao`jmul dvoq ~go ìx~ 97 lde~gx loiex

~gi~ Ao`jmul mx edz siq~} ~d >9 ~qoi~mox ~gi~ hdls`} zm~g iq~mhò 16 '?- df ~go




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ ??

DOHN Ldno` Hdevoe~mde% Gdzovoq, de`} ~go ~qoi~} zm~g ~go _em~on X~i~oxmx ix }o~ me fdqho% Ao`jmul xgdu`n ~goqofdqo hde~meuo ~d x~qmvo ~d aqmej i`` m~x~qoi~mox x~m`` ed~ sqdvmnmej fdq ~go owhgiejo df aiebmej mefdqli~mde me~d `meozm~g ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn%

Iaxoeho df ndlox~mh ~iw me~oqox~ '^dQ H%9%>-

9=6% ^go hdehos~ df ndlox~mh ~iw me~oqox~ noxhqmaox xm~ui~mdex me zgmhg ihde~qih~mej siq~} hie de`} sqdvmno mefdqli~mde ~d ied~goq hde~qih~mej siq~}mf m~ gix ie me~oqox~ me da~imemej ~go noxmqon mefdqli~mde fdq m~x dze ~iw suq sdxox% Meiam`m~} ~d sqdvmno mefdqli~mde zgmhg mx aixon de ie} xuhg ndlox~mh~iw me~oqox~ ndox ed~ hdls`} zm~g ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn% ^go hde~qih~mej siq~mox xgdu`n uxo ndlox~mh mefdqli~mdeji~goqmej sdzoqx, ovoe mf ~goxo iqouxon xdò`} fdq ~go suqsdxo df da~imemej ien sqdvmnmej mefdqli~mde fdq ~god~goq hde~qih~mej siq~}%

9=:% ^go 1: sqd~dhd`x ien hdevoe~mdex xmjeon a} Ao`jmul xmeho 133=hde~ime iq~mhò 16 '>- df ~go DOHN Ldno` Hdevoe~mde, qoyumqmej ~gi~ ~gohde~qih~mej siq~mox uxo ~gomq mefdqli~mdeji~goqmej sdzoqx ~d owhgiejo~go qoyumqon mefdqli~mde zm~gdu~ ie} qofoqoeho ~d i ndlox~mh ~iw me~oqox~%Fuq~goqldqo, ~go 1336 hdevoe~mde ao~zooe Ao`jmul ien ~go _em~on X~i~oxmehùnox ~gmx sqdvmxmde% ^go 98 mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~x qoihgon a}Ao`jmul i`xd hde~ime ~gmx sqdvmxmde%

9=7% Ao`jmul mx, gdzovoq, me i sdxm~mde ~d owhgiejo mefdqli~mde zm~g m~x~qoi~} siq~eoqx me xm~ui~mdex me zgmhg m~ gix ed ndlox~mh ~iw me~oqox~, ovoezm~gdu~ ~go qofoqoeho ~d Iq~mhò 16'>- df ~go DOHN Ldno` Hdevoe~mde%

Iaxoeho df nui` hqmlmei`m~} sqmehmsòx '^dQ H%9%?-

9==% ^go nui` hqmlmei`m~} sqmehmsò x~i~ox ~gi~ ixxmx~ieho hie de`} ao sqdvmnon mf ~go li~~oq uenoq mevox~mji~mde 'ien sqdls~mej ~go qoyuox~ fdq mefdqli~mde- zdu`n hdex~m~u~o i hqmlmei` li~~oq me ~go qoyuox~on hdue~q} mf m~ giniqmxoe me ~gi~ hdue~q}% Mf m~ mx ~d ao loiemejfu`, mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lux~

ed~ ao qox~qmh~on a} ~go oefdqholoe~ df i nui` hqmlmei`m~} sqmehmsò%133% Edeo df mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx ox~ia`mxgon a} Ao`jmul sqdvmno fdq ~go iss`mhi~mde df ~go nui` hqmlmei`m~} sqmehmsò%





Owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde me ad~g hmvm` ien hqmlmei` ~iw li~~oqx' dQ H%9%6-

139% Hdlluemhi~mej mefdqli~mde li} ao eohoxxiq} fdq ad~g ~iw ien

hqmlmei` suqsdxox% ^go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn mx ed~ `mlm~on ~d owhgiejox df mefdqli~mde fdq hqmlmei` suqsdxox ien li} i`xd mehùno owhgiejox fdq ~iw suqsdxox%

131% I`` mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx hdehùnon a} Ao`jmul sqdvmnofdq ~go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde fdq ad~g hqmlmei` ien hmvm` li~~oqx%

Sqdvmno mefdqli~mde me ~go xsohmfmh fdql qoyuox~on '^dQ H%9%:-

138% ^goqo iqo ed qox~qmh~mdex me ~go mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx

hdehùnon a} Ao`jmul ~gi~ lmjg~ sqovoe~ m~ fqdl sqdvmnmej mefdqli~mde me ~gofdql qoyuox~on, ix `dej ix ~gmx mx hdexmx~oe~ zm~g m~x inlmemx~qi~mvo sqih~mhox%

Me fdqho '^dQ H%9%7-

13>% ^go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde hieed~ dhhuq ueòxx i kuqmxnmh~mde gixmefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx me fdqho% Zgoqo xuhg lohgiemxlx givo

aooe xmjeon, ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn qoyumqox i kuqmxnmh~mde ~d hdlsò~o ~goloixuqox eoonon fdq ~gol ~d ~ibo offoh~%

13?% Ao`jmul gix mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~x zm~g 991 hdue~qmox%

De`} deo ijqooloe~ hdls`}mej zm~g ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn ‘ ~go deohdehùnon zm~g ~go _em~on X~i~ox me 1336 ‘ mx huqqoe~`} me fdqho% Du~ df ~go>3 d~goq ijqooloe~x xmjeon a} Ao`jmul xmeho 133=, 91 givo aooe issqdvon a} ~go Hduehm` df Lmemx~oqx% Edeo df ~goxo ijqooloe~x gix aooe owilmeon a} ~go Ao`jmie Siq`miloe~% Me fih~, ~go Ao`jmie Hduehm` df X~i~o gix qohoe~`}nohmnon ~gi~ ~iw ~qoi~mox iqo ‐lmwon ~qoi~mox“, ~gi~ mx ~d xi}, ~qoi~mox ~gi~ hdlozm~gme ~go kuqmxnmh~mde df ~go fonoqi` x~i~o ien deo dq ldqo fonoqi~on oe~m~mox 'Qojmdex ien$dq Hdlluem~mox-% ^qoi~mox xmjeon ien$dq mem~mi`òn a} ~goAo`jmie fonoqi` iu~gdqm~mox lux~ fqdl edz de ao ~go xuakoh~ df hdexu`~i~mdexzm~g ~go fonoqi~on oe~m~mox aofdqo ~go} hie ao xmjeon ien issqdvon% Me ie}hixo, i lmwon ~qoi~} lux~ qohomvo ixxoe~ ed~ de`} fqdl ~go fonoqi` Siq`miloe~ au~ i`xd fqdl ~go siq`miloe~x df ~go qojmdex ien$dq hdlluem~mox hdehoqeon%^go sqdhoxx df qi~mfmhi~mde df me~oqei~mdei` ~qoi~mox mx ~goqoa} sqd~qih~on 'xooieeow 8 zgoqo ~go `mx~ df i`` ijqooloe~x xmjeon a} Ao`jmul xmeho m~x hdllm~loe~ ~d ~go x~ieniqn hie ao xooe-%

136% Ix Ao`jmul hieed~ qo`} de m~x ndlox~mh òjmxì~mde ~d owhgiejo ovoq}bmen df mefdqli~mde, ien me siq~mhuìq aiebmej mefdqli~mde, m~ mx mlsdq~ie~ fdq ~go hdue~q} ~d fmen zi}x df xsoonmej us ~go oe~q} me~d fdqho df eoz`} xmjeonijqooloe~x, xd ~gi~ m~ zm`` givo i eo~zdqb df mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgi

emxlx zgmhg hdls`mox zm~g ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn ix xdde ix sdxxmaò%




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ ?:

Me offoh~ ' dQ H%9%=-

13:% Me dqnoq fdq mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ~d ao offoh~mvo, ~go hde~qih~mej siq~mox givo ~d ~ibo ~go eohoxxiq} loixuqox ~d hdls`} zm~g ~gomq hdllm~loe~x%

137% ^go iaxoeho df ie} sqdvmxmde fdq jimemej ihhoxx ~d aiebmej mefdqli~mde me Ao`jmie ndlox~mh òjmxì~mde sqovoe~x Ao`jmul fqdl hdls`}mejzm~g m~x me~oqei~mdei` hdllm~loe~x me ~qoi~mox ~gi~ mehdqsdqi~o ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn me ~qiexsiqoeh}, ueòxx xsohmi` sqdvmxmdex xussòloe~ ~gdxo~qoi~mox%

13=% ^gux, zm~gme ~go Ao`jmie$_X fqilozdqb, ~go ìz issqdvmej ~gohdevoe~mde mehùnox ~go sqdvmxmdex qoyumqon fdq ~go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox ~d aoiaò ~d ihhoxx aiebmej mefdqli~mde% Mf ed joeoqmh loixuqo mx mehdqsdqi~on meAo`jmie ndlox~mh ìz, m~ zm`` ao eohoxxiq}, me dqnoq ~d jmvo offoh~ ~d ~go d~goq

ijqooloe~x hdls`}mej zm~g ~go x~ieniqn ~d mehùno xmlmìq sqdvmxmdex fdq oihg df ~go ijqooloe~x xmjeon a} Ao`jmul%


Hdehùxmde

^go oòloe~ mx ed~ me sìho%


qohdlloeni~mdex

Qohdlloeni~mdex

De`} deo df Ao`jmul”x ~qoi~moxsqdvmnmej fdq ~go owhgiejo df aiebmej

mefdqli~mde fdq ~go suqsdxox df

ixxoxxmej mehdlo ~iwox mx me fdqho%

^go d~goq >3 ijqooloe~x ~gi~ sqdvmno

fdq ~gmx owhgiejo iqo ed~ }o~ me fdqho%

^go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox xgdu`nmehùno sqdvmxmdex oeia`mej ~go

owhgiejo df aiebmej mefdqli~mde me

~gomq mefdqli~mde owhgiejo iqqiejo

loe~x zm~g qoòvie~ siq~eoqx% ^goxo

~qoi~mox xgdu`n ao qi~mfmon yumhb`} me

dqnoq fdq ~gol ~d givo offoh~%

H%1% Owhgiejodfmefdqli~mde lohgiemxlx zm~g i`` qoòvie~ siq~eoqx

^go kuqmxnmh~mdex” eo~zdqb df mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx xgdu`n hdvoq

i`` qoòvie~ siq~eoqx%

193% Ao`jmul sdxxoxxox i vix~ eo~zdqb df mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~x edz hdvoqmej 991 kuqmxnmh~mdex%19 ^go fd``dzmej ~iaò xgdzx ~goeulaoq df kuqmxnmh~mdex zm~g zgmhg Ao`jmul gix ie ijqooloe~ hdls`}mejzm~g ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn me ~qiexsiqoeh}%

19% =9 df ~goxo 991 ijqooloe~x iqo me fdqho% Xoo ~go `mx~ me Ieeow 1%





199% ^gux, ix ~go ~iaò xgdzx, Ao`jmul”x fduq eomjgaduqmej hdue~qmox, 91

O_ hdue~qmox mehùnmej ~go lime ohdedlmox, ien 9: DOHN lolaoq hdue~qmoxedz givo ie ijqooloe~ zm~g Ao`jmul hdls`}mej zm~g ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn me ~qiexsiqoeh}%

191% Fuq~goqldqo, ~go Ao`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox givo sua`mxgon ~go xhgonuòfdq eojd~mi~mej sqd~dhd`x ien ^MOIx ~gi~ loo~ ~go DOHN x~ieniqn de mefdqli~mde owhgiejo de ~gomq zoaxm~o% Ihhdqnmej ~d ~go zoaxm~o ien me innm~mde~d ~go >9 ijqooloe~x ~gi~ i`qoin} hdls`} zm~g ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn,>3 df zgmhg givo aooe xmjeon me 97 lde~gx, Ao`jmul gix mem~mi`òn 1> d~goq ijqooloe~x, zgmò 63 ò~~oqx givo aooe xoe~ ~d d~goq siq~eoqx mevm~mej ~gol ~diloen ie owmx~mej ~qoi~} dq oe~oq me~d i ~iw mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~%

198% ^gux noxsm~o ~go fih~ ~gi~ ~zd~gmqnx df ~go ~qoi~mox hdehùnon a}Ao`jmul givo x~m`` ed~ aooe aqdujg~ me~d `meo zm~g ~go x~ieniqn, ~go ow~oexmvozdqb ndeo a} ~go hdue~q} xmeho Liqhg 133= a} ~go xmjemej df iloenmej sqd~dhd`x xgdu`n ao ihbedzònjon% ^gqdujg m~x ow~oexmvo sd`mh} df hdehùnmej ijqooloe~x qoxsoh~mej ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn me ~qiexsiqoeh} ienowhgiejo df mefdqli~mde, Ao`jmul gix noldex~qi~on ~go òvo` df m~x hdllm~loe~ ~d ~go me~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqn% ^go zdqb uenoq~iboe lux~ ao hde~meuonien hdehùnon xd ~gi~ i`` Ao`jmul”x siq~eoqx, mf ~go} xd noxmqo, hie givo iemefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~ sqdvmnmej fdq hdvoqijo df ~go fu`` qiejo df

mefdqli~mde ~gi~ xgdu`n ao owhgiejoiaò%

11% Fqieho, Joqlie}, @uwoladuqj ien ~go Eo~goqìenx%

18% Iqjoe~mei, Aqi{m`, Hieini, Menmi, Mendeoxmi, M~i`}, Lowmhd, Quxxmi, Xiunm Iqiami,

Xdu~g Ifqmhi ien ûqbo}%

1>% Hieini, Hgmò, Guejiq}, Mqoìen, Mxqio`, M~i`}, Lowmhd, Eoz [oiìen, Sdìen,

Sdq~uji`, X`dvibmi, X`dvoemi, Xzonoe, Xzm~{oqìen ien ûqbo}%

Jqdus df

kuqmxnmh~mdex

Eulaoq df

kuqmxnmh~mdex

me ~go jqdus

Ijqooloe~ me meo zm~g ~go x~ieniqn @ihb df

ijqooloe~ ~d

~go x~ieniqnHdevoe~mde Sqd~dhd` ^MOI

Adqnoqmej hdue~qmox >11

3 > 3 3O_ 16 3 91 3 9>

OOI 8 3 1 9 3

J13 9= 1 6 3 9918

DOHN 81 9 96 3 9?1>

J`dai` Fdqul =8 1 11 98 ?6




HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ ?=

Hdehùxmde ien fih~dqx uenoq`}mej qohdlloeni~mdex

Hdehùxmde

^go oòloe~ mx me sìho au~ hoq~ime ixsoh~x df ~go òji` mlsòloe~i~mde

df ~go oòloe~ eoon mlsqdvoloe~%


qohdlloeni~mdex

Qohdlloeni~mdex

De ~go >9 ~qoi~mox ~d ~go x~ieniqn

xmjeon a} Ao`jmul, de`} deo mx

huqqoe~`} me fdqho%

Ao`jmul xgdu`n hde~meuo ~d novo`ds

m~x ODM eo~zdqb ~d ~go x~ieniqn

zm~g i`` qoòvie~ siq~eoqx ien qi~mf}

~go ijqooloe~x i`qoin} xmjeon

owsonm~mdux`}%

H%8% Hdefmnoe~mi`m~}

^go kuqmxnmh~mdex” lohgiemxlx fdq owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde xgdu`n givo inoyui~o

sqdvmxmdex ~d oexuqo ~go hdefmnoe~mi`m~} df mefdqli~mde qohomvon%

Mefdqli~mde qohomvon; nmxh`dxuqo, uxo ien xifojuiqnx ' dQ H%8%9-

19>% Jdvoqeloe~x hdu`n ed~ aohdlo mevd`von me owhgiejmej mefdqli~mdezm~gdu~ aomej hoq~ime ~gi~ ~go no~im`x hdlluemhi~on zm`` ao uxon xdò`} fdq ~go suqsdxox xsohmfmon me ~go qoòvie~ mefdqli~mde owhgiejo ijqooloe~, ien~gi~ ~go} zm`` ao bos~ hdefmnoe~mi % Mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx xgdu`n~gux hde~ime sqdvmxmdex menmhi~mej owih~`} ~go soqxdex ~d zgdl ~go mefdqli~mde li} ao hmqhuì~on% Fuq~goqldqo, ~go ndlox~mh òjmxì~mde me fdqho me ~gohdue~qmox hdehoqeon uxui``} hde~imex x~qmh~ qojuì~mdex de sqd~oh~mej ~gohdefmnoe~mi`m~} df mefdqli~mde ji~goqon fdq ~iw suqsdxox%

19?% I`` ~qoi~mox xmjeon a} Ao`jmul hde~ime sqdvmxmdex qoì~mej ~d hdefmnoe~mi`m~} zgmhg iqo aixon de ~go ~oqlx df iq~mhò 16 '1- df ~go DOHN Ldno`Hdevoe~mde% I`` ^MOIx xmjeon a} Ao`jmul hde~ime sqdvmxmdex qoì~mej ~dhdefmnoe~mi`m~} zgmhg hdls`} zm~g ~go ~oqlx df iq~mhò 7 df ~go DOHN ^MOI

Ldno`%

196% Fuq~goqldqo, iq~mhò 88: df HMQ =1 noi`x zm~g sqdfoxxmdei` xohqoh}ien sqdvmnox ~gi~ i`` soqxdex mevd`von me ~go oefdqholoe~ df ~iw ìzx dq zgd givo ihhoxx ~d ~go dffmhox df ~go ~iw iu~gdqm~mox lux~ lime~ime iaxdù~oxohqoh} zm~g qojiqn ~d ie} mefdqli~mde zgmhg ~go} li} givo aooe iaò ~dhdexu`~ me ~go hduqxo df ~gomq nu~mox% Gdzovoq, ~go} li} sixx de ~d d~goq jdvoqeloe~ nosiq~loe~x, mehùnmej ~go sqdxohu~mej iu~gdqm~mox ien hduq~ qojmx~qmox, ix zo`` ix ~d ~go Hdlluem~mox, ~go Qojmdex ien sua`mh mex~m~u~mdex, ~gomefdqli~mde zgmhg ~goxo nosiq~loe~x, oe~m~mox ien mex~m~u~mdex eoon me dqnoq

~d nmxhgiqjo ~gomq qoxsdexmam`m~mox%




63 ‘ HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE

19:% Fimùqo ~d hdls`} zm~g ~go quòx df sqdfoxxmdei` xohqoh} xo~ du~ meiq~mhò 88: mx suemxgiaò, suqxuie~ ~d ~go sqdvmxmdex df iq~mhò >?7 df ~go Soei`Hdno, a} mlsqmxdeloe~ fdq omjg~ ni}x ~d xmw lde~gx ien i fmeo fqdl O_Q 933~d O_Q ?33%

I`` d~goq mefdqli~mde owhgiejon ' dQ H%8%1-

197% ^go sqdvmxmdex hdehoqemej hdefmnoe~mi`m~} zgmhg iqo mehùnon ad~g me~go qoòvie~ ijqooloe~x ien me Ao`jmie ndlox~mh òjmxì~mde nd ed~ nmx~mejumxg ao~zooe mefdqli~mde qohomvon me qos`} ~d i qoyuox~ dq mefdqli~mde ~gi~ fdqlx siq~ df ~go qoyuox~% ^goxo sqdvmxmdex iss`} me ~go xilo lieeoq ~d qoyuox~x,i~~ihgon ndhuloe~x, ien i`` hdlluemhi~mdex ao~zooe ~go kuqmxnmh~mdexmevd`von me ~go owhgiejo%


Hdehùxmde


H%>% Qmjg~x ien xifojuiqnx df ~iwsi}oqx ien ~gmqn siq~mox

Mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx xgdu`n qoxsoh~ ~go qmjg~x ien xifojuiqnx

df ~iwsi}oqx ien ~gmqn siq~mox%

Owhos~mdex ~d ~go qoyumqoloe~ ~d sqdvmno mefdqli~mde '^dQ H%>%9-

19=% I`` ~go mefdqli~mde owhgiejo iqqiejoloe~x ~d zgmhg Ao`jmul mxhdllm~~on oexuqo ~gi~ ~go siq~mox hdehoqeon zm`` ed~ ao qoyumqon ~d xuss`}mefdqli~mde ~gi~ zdu`n mevd`vo nmxh`dxuqo df ie menux~qmi`, hdlloqhmi` dq

sqdfoxxmdei` xohqo~, mefdqli~mde ~gi~ lmjg~ ao xuakoh~ ~d i~~dqeo}h`moe~ sqmvmòjo dq mefdqli~mde ~go nmxh`dxuqo df zgmhg zdu`n ao hde~qiq} ~d sua`mh sd`mh}'dqnqo sua`mh-%


Hdehùxmde





HDLS@MIEHO ZM^G ^GO XÎENIQNX; OWHGIEJMEJ MEFDQLI^MDE ‘ 69

H%?% ^mlo`meoxx df qoxsdexox ~d qoyuox~x fdq mefdqli~mde

^go kuqmxnmh~mde xgdu`n sqdvmno mefdqli~mde uenoq m~x eo~zdqb df ijqooloe~x

me i ~mlo`} lieeoq%

Qoxsdexo zm~gme =3 ni}x '^dQ H%?%9-

113% ^goqo mx ed sqdvmxmde me Ao`jmie òjmxì~mde dq me m~x mefdqli~mdeowhgiejo iqqiejoloe~x hdehoqemej qoxsdexox dq ~mlo `mlm~x zm~gme zgmhgqos`mox lux~ ao sqdvmnon% ^goqo mx ed qox~qmh~mde ix xuhg hdehoqemej ~go iam`m~} df ~go Ao`jmie hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~mox ~d qoxsden ~d qoyuox~x zm~gme =3 ni}xdf qohomvmej ~gol, om~goq a} xuss`}mej ~go mefdqli~mde qoyuox~on, dq menmhi~mej zgi~ x~ijo ~go sqdhoxxmej df ~go qoyuox~ gix qoihgon%

Dqjiemxi~mdei` sqdhoxx ien qoxduqhox ' dQ H%?%1-

119% ^go hoe~qi` nosiq~loe~x df XSF Fmeiehox, ien ldqo xsohmfmhi``}Nmqoh~dqi~o MMM 9I, ih~ ix ~go hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~} me sqdhoxxmej qoyuox~xfdq mefdqli~mde qohomvon fqdl d~goq kuqmxnmh~mdex% ^go dqjiemxi~mde df ~gmxNmqoh~dqi~o ien m~x `mebx zm~g `dhi` Ao`jmie xoqvmhox qoxsdexmaò fdq ji~goqmejmefdqli~mde zm`` ao owilmeon ldqo h`dxo`} nuqmej ~go sgixo 1 qovmoz%

Iaxoeho df qox~qmh~mvo hdenm~mdex de owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde

' dQ H%?%8-111% ^goqo mx ed sqdvmxmde me Ao`jmie òjmxì~mde dq me m~x mefdqli~mdeowhgiejo ijqooloe~x ~gi~ xo~x du~ hòiq hdenm~mdex jdvoqemej ~go owhgiejodf mefdqli~mde, d~goq ~gie ~gdxo mehùnon me iq~mhò 16 df ~go DOHN Ldno`Hdevoe~mde dq ~go DOHN Ldno` MOI%


Hdehùxmde

^go ixxoxxloe~ ~oil mx ed~ me i sdxm~mde ~d oviùi~o zgo~goq ~gmxoòloe~ mx me sìho, ix m~ mevd`vox mxxuox df sqih~mho ~gi~ iqo noi`~ zm~g me

~go Sgixo 1 qovmoz%




X_LLIQ] DF NOÔQLMEI^MDEX IEN FIH^DQX _ENOQ@]MEJ QOHDLLOENI^MDEX ‘ 68

Xulliq} df No~oqlmei~mdex ien Fih~dqx_enoq`}mej Qohdlloeni~mdex

Hdehùxmdex Fih~dqx uenoq`}mej ~go

qohdlloeni~mdex

Qohdlloeni~mdex

Kuqmxnmh~mdex xgdu`n oexuqo ~gi~ dzeoqxgms ien mnoe~m~} mefdqli~mde fdq i`` qoòvie~ oe~m~mox

ien iqqiejoloe~x mx ivimìaò ~d ~gomq hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~mox% '^dQ I%9%-

^go oòloe~ mx me

sìho, au~ hoq~ime

ixsoh~x df ~go òji`

mlsòloe~i~mde df

~go oòloe~ eoon

mlsqdvoloe~%

_enoq Ao`jmie òjmxì~mde, ~go

hdevoqxmde df aoiqoq xgiqox

me~d oòh~qdemh dq qojmx~oqon

xgiqox zm`` ao hdlsò~on a}

Noholaoq 89, 1398%

^go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox

xgdu`n owilmeo ~go hdenm~mdex

uenoq zgmhg lohgiemxlx

~d oehduqijo hdevoqxmde

df aoiqoq xgiqox hie ao

x~qoej~goeon xd ~gi~ ~go

mefdqli~mde qojiqnmej ~gomq

gd`noqx mx ivimìaò ix yumhb`}ix sdxxmaò%

Kuqmxnmh~mdex xgdu`n oexuqo ~gi~ qo`miaò ihhdue~mej qohdqnx iqo bos~ fdq i`` qoòvie~ oe~m~mox

ien iqqiejoloe~x% '^dQ I%1%-


Aiebmej mefdqli~mde xgdu`n ao ivimìaò fdq i`` ihhdue~ gd`noqx% '^dQ I%8%-


Hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~mox xgdu`n givo ~go sdzoq ~d da~ime ien sqdvmno mefdqli~mde ~gi~ mx ~go

xuakoh~ df i qoyuox~ uenoq ie owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde iqqiejoloe~ fqdl ie} soqxde zm~gme

~gomq ~oqqm~dqmi` kuqmxnmh~mde zgd mx me sdxxoxxmde dq hde~qd` df xuhg mefdqli~mde 'mqqoxsoh~mvodf ie} òji` da`mji~mde de xuhg soqxde ~d lime~ime ~go xohqoh} df ~go mefdqli~mde-% '^dq A%9%-

^go oòloe~ mx ed~ me

sìho%

^go Ao`jmie ~iw iu~gdqm~mox

nd ed~ givo ie} ihhoxx ~d

aiebmej mefdqli~mde me ~go fmo`n

df nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde%

Ao`jmul xgdu`n oexuqo ~gi~

m~x iu~gdqm~mox givo ihhoxx

~d aiebmej mefdqli~mde fdq

~go suqsdxox df owhgiejo df

mefdqli~mde me ~go fmo`n df nmqoh~

~iwi~mde%




6> ‘ X_LLIQ] DF NOÔQLMEI^MDEX IEN FIH^DQX _ENOQ@]MEJ QOHDLLOENI^MDEX

Hdehùxmdex Fih~dqx uenoq`}mej ~go

qohdlloeni~mdex

Qohdlloeni~mdex

^go qmjg~x ien xifojuiqnx 'o%j% ed~mfmhi~mde, issoi` qmjg~x- ~gi~ iss`} ~d soqxdex me ~go

qoyuox~on kuqmxnmh~mde xgdu`n ao hdlsi~maò zm~g offoh~mvo owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde% '^dQ A%1%-^go oòloe~ mx me sìho%

Mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx xgdu`n sqdvmno fdq offoh~mvo owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde%

'^dQ H%9%-

^go oòloe~ mx ed~ me

sìho%

De`} deo df Ao`jmul”x ~qoi~mox

sqdvmnmej fdq ~go owhgiejo df

aiebmej mefdqli~mde fdq ~go

suqsdxox df ixxoxxmej mehdlo

~iwox mx me fdqho% ^go d~goq >3

ijqooloe~x ~gi~ sqdvmno fdq

~gmx owhgiejo iqo ed~ }o~ me

fdqho%

^go Ao`jmie iu~gdqm~mox xgdu`n

mehùno sqdvmxmdex oeia`mej

~go owhgiejo df aiebmej mefdq

li~mde me ~gomq mefdqli~mde

owhgiejo iqqiejoloe~x zm~g

qoòvie~ siq~eoqx% ^goxo ~qoi

~mox xgdu`n ao qi~mfmon yumhb`} me

dqnoq fdq ~gol ~d givo offoh~%

^go kuqmxnmh~mdex” eo~zdqb df mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx xgdu`n hdvoq i`` qoòvie~

siq~eoqx% '^dQ H%1%-

^go oòloe~ mx me

sìho au~ hoq~ime

ixsoh~x df ~go òji`

mlsòloe~i~mde df

~go oòloe~ eoon

mlsqdvoloe~%

De ~go >9 ~qoi~mox ~d ~go

x~ieniqn xmjeon a} Ao`jmul,

de`} deo mx huqqoe~`} me fdqho%

Ao`jmul xgdu`n hde~meuo ~d

novo`ds m~x ODM eo~zdqb ~d

~go x~ieniqn zm~g i`` qoòvie~

siq~eoqx ien qi~mf} ~go

ijqooloe~x i`qoin} xmjeon

owsonm~mdux`}%^go mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx df kuqmxnmh~mdex xgdu`n givo inoyui~o sqdvmxmdex ~d

oexuqo ~go hdefmnoe~mi`m~} df mefdqli~mde qohomvon% '^dQ H%8%-


Mefdqli~mde owhgiejo lohgiemxlx xgdu`n qoxsoh~ ~go qmjg~x ien xifojuiqnx df ~iwsi}oqx

ien ~gmqn siq~mox% '^dQ H%>%-


^go kuqmxnmh~mde xgdu`n sqdvmno mefdqli~mde uenoq m~x eo~zdqb df ijqooloe~x me i ~mlo`}

lieeoq% '^dQ H%?%-

^go ixxoxxloe~ ~oil

mx ed~ me i sdxm~mde ~d

oviùi~o zgo~goq ~gmx

oòloe~ mx me sìho, ix

m~ mevd`vox mxxuox df

sqih~mho ~gi~ iqo noi`~

zm~g me ~go Sgixo 1

qovmoz




66 ‘ IEEOWOX

~d ~go ihhoxx ~d aiebmej mefdqli~mde fdq ~go suqsdxo df ~go ixxoxxloe~ df mehdlo ~iwox;

de 8 Liqhg 1399 ~go Fmeieho ien Aunjo~ Hdllmxxmde df ~go Ao`jmie

Siq`miloe~ issqdvon i am`` zgmhg, ix fqdl 9 Ku`} 1399, zm`` i``dz ~goihhoxx ~d aiebmej mefdqli~mde fdq ~go suqsdxo df ixxoxxmej mehdlo~iwox% ^gmx ldnmfmhi~mde df m~x ndlox~mh ìz zm`` i``dz Ao`jmul ~d sqdvmno mefdqli~mde go`n a} aiebx ~d i`` x~i~ox zm~g zgmhg Ao`jmulgix ie ijqooloe~ me fdqho sqdvmnmej fdq ~go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde 'NÎ, ^MOI dq d~goq me~oqei~mdei` mex~quloe~-, mqqoxsoh~mvo df zgo~goq dq ed~ ~gi~ sqdvmxmde xsohmfmhi``} sqoxhqmaox ~go owhgiejo df aiebmej mefdqli~mde% Zgoe ~go eoz sqdvmxmde mx me fdqho, Ao`jmulzm`` ao iaò ~d owhgiejo aiebmej mefdqli~mde zm~g ldqo ~gie=3 owmx~mej ~qoi~} siq~eoqx%

Kihyuox JDLAOOQ

Iunm~dq joeoqi`




IEEOWOX ‘ 6:

Ieeow 1; @mx~ df i`` Mefdqli~mde Owhgiejo Lohgiemxlx

me Fdqho

Lu`~mì~oqi` ijqooloe~x

Ao`jmul mx i siq~} ~d ~go;

Hduehm` df Ouqdso ien DOHN Hdevoe~mde de Lu~ui` Inlmemx~qi~mvo Ixxmx~ieho me iw Li~~oqx, zgmhg mx huqqoe~`} me fdqho zm~g qoxsoh~~d 9> kuqmxnmh~mdex; I{oqaimkie, Ao`jmul, Noeliqb, Fmeìen, Fqieho,Mhoìen, M~i`}, ~go Bmejndl df ~go Eo~goqìenx, Edqzi}, Sdìen,Xzonoe, ~go _bqimeo, ~go _em~on Bmejndl ien ~go _em~on X~i~ox1?%

O_ Hduehm` Nmqoh~mvo ::$:==$OOH df 9= Noholaoq 9=:: 'ix iloenon-hdehoqemej lu~ui` ixxmx~ieho a} ~go hdlso~oe~ iu~gdqm~mox df ~go Lolaoq

X~i~ox me ~go fmo`n df nmqoh~ ~iwi~mde ien ~iwi~mde df mexuqieho sqolmulx%^gmx Nmqoh~mvo hilo me~d fdqho de 18 Noholaoq 9=:: ien i`` O_ lol

aoqx zoqo qoyumqon ~d ~qiexsdxo m~ me~d ei~mdei` òjmx i~mde a} 9 Kieuiq}9=:=% ^go huqqoe~ O_ lolaoqx, hdvoqon a} ~gmx Hduehm` Nmqoh~mvo, iqo;Iux~qmi, Ao`jmul, Au`jiqmi, H}squx,16,1: H{ohg Qosua`mh, Noeliqb,Ox~demi, Fmeìen, Fqieho, Joqlie}, Jqooho, Guejiq}, Mqoìen, M~i`},@i~vmi, @m~guiemi, @uwoladuqj, Li`~i, Eo~goqìenx, Sdìen, Sdq~uji`,Qdliemi, X`dvibmi, X`dvoemi, Xsime, Xzonoe, ien ~go _em~on Bmejndl%

1?% Hieini, Joqlie} ien Xsime givo xmjeon ~go Hdevoe~mde ien iqo izim~mej qi~mfmhi~mde%16% Ed~o a} uqbo}; ^go mefdqli~mde me ~gmx ndhuloe~ zm~g qofoqoeho ~d ‐H}squx“

qoì~ox ~d ~go xdu~goqe siq~ df ~go Mxìen% ^goqo mx ed xmejò iu~gdqm~} qosqoxoe~

mej ad~g ûqbmxg ien Jqoob H}sqmd~ sodsò de ~go Mxìen% uqbo} qohdjemxox ~go

uqbmxg Qosua`mh df Edq~goqe H}squx '^QE H-% _e~m` i ìx~mej ien oyum~iaò

xdù~mde mx fduen zm~gme ~go hde~ow~ df ~go _em~on Ei~mdex, ûqbo} xgi`` sqoxoqvom~x sdxm~mde hdehoqemej ~go ‐H}squx mxxuo“%

1:% Ed~o a} i`` ~go Ouqdsoie _emde Lolaoq X~i~ox df ~go DO HN ien ~go Ouqdsoie

Hdllmxxmde; ^go Qosua`mh df H}squx mx qohdjemxon a} i`` lolaoqx df ~go _em~on

Ei~mdex zm~g ~go owhos~mde df uqbo}% ^go mefdqli~mde me ~gmx ndhuloe~ qoì~ox ~d

~go iqoi uenoq ~go offoh~mvo hde~qd` df ~go Jdvoqeloe~ df ~go Qosua`mh df H}squx%




67 ‘ IEEOWOX

O_ Hduehm` Nmqoh~mvo 1338$>7$OH df 8 Kueo 1338 de ~iwi~mde df xivmejx mehdlo me ~go fdql df me~oqox~ si}loe~x% ^gmx Nmqoh~mvoimlx ~d oexuqo ~gi~ xivmejx mehdlo me ~go fdql df me~oqox~ si}loe~xjoeoqi~on me ie O_ lolaoq x~i~o me fivduq df menmvmnui`x dq qoxmnui`

oe~m~mox aomej qoxmnoe~ df ied~goq O_ lolaoq x~i~o iqo offoh~mvo`}~iwon me ihhdqnieho zm~g ~go fmxhi` ìzx df ~gomq x~i~o df qoxmnoeho% M~i`xd imlx ~d oexuqo owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde ao~zooe lolaoq x~i~ox%

adjux fdq ed~o 1717

Amì~oqi` ijqooloe~x

Kuqmxnmh~mde ^}so df OdM

Iqqiejoloe~

Ni~o Xmjeon Ni~o Oe~oqon

Me~d Fdqho

9 Iàiemi N^H 9>991331 393=133>1 I`joqmi N^H 9?919==9 93391338

8 Iqjoe~mei N^H 91369==6 113:9===

> Iqloemi N^H 3:361339 3993133>

? Iux~qi`mi N^H 98939=:: 39999=:=

6 Iux~qmi N^H 1=919=:9 17369=:8

: I{oqaimkie N^H 973?133> 91371336

7 Aiejìnoxg N^H 97939==3 3=919==:

= Aoìqux N^H 3:389==? 98939==7

93 AdxemiGoq{ojdvmei N^H 19999=73 163?9=78

99 Aqi{m` N^H 18369=:1 983:9=:8

91 Au`jiqmi N^H 1?939=77 17999==9

98 Hieini N^H 183?1331 3693133>

9> Hgmò N^H 3691133: 3?3?1393

9? Hgmei N^H 973>9=7? 993=9=7:

96 Hqdi~mi N^H 89931339 393>133>

9: H}squx17 N^H 9>3?9==6 37919===

97 H{ohg Qosua`mh N^H 96919==6 1>3:13339= Noeliqb N^H 96939=6= 89919=:3

13 Oj}s~ N^H 38399==9 38389==:

19 Ohuindq N^H 97919==6 9738133>

11 Ox~demi N^H 3?999=== 933:1338

18 Fmeìen N^H 973?9=:6 1:919=:7

1> Fqieho N^H 93389=6> 9:369=6?

17% Xoo ed~ox 16 ien 1:%




IEEOWOX ‘ 6=


Iqqiejoloe~


Me~d Fdqho

1? F]QDL N^H 19999=73 133?9=78

16 Jiade N^H 9>399==8 983?133?1: Jodqjmi N^H 9>911333 3>3?133>

17 Joqlie} N^H 993>9=6: 833:9=6=

1= Jgiei N^H 9>36133? 9:931337

83 Jqooho N^H 1?3?133> 8391133?

89 Gdej Bdej, Hgmei N^H 93911338 3:93133>

81 Guejiq} N^H 9=3:9=71 1?319=7>

88 Mhoìen N^H 183?1333 9=361338

8> Menmi N^H 163>9==8 39939==:

8? Mendeoxmi N^H 963=9==: 3:991339

86 Mqoìen N^H 1>369=:3 89919=:8

8: Mxqio` N^H 983:9=:1 3>999=:?

87 M~i`} N^H 9=3>9=78 1=3:9=7=

8= Mvdq} Hdix~ N^H 1?999=:: 83919=73

>3 Kisie N^H 17389=67 963>9=:3

>9 Bi{ibgx~ie N^H 963>9==7 983>1333

>1 Bmqjgm{x~ie N^H 9:919=7: 37399==9

>8 Bdxdvd N^H 19999=73 133?9=78

>> Buzim~ N^H 93389==3 17931333

>? @i~vmi N^H 193>9=== 3:3?1338

>6 @m~guiemi N^H 16999==7 3?3?1338

>: @uwolauqj N^H 9:3=9=:3 83919=:1

>7 Liì}xmi N^H 1>939=:8 9>379=:?

>= Li`~i N^H 17369=:> 38399=:?

?3 Liuqm~mux N^H 3>3:9==? 17399===

?9 Lowmhd N^H 1>999==1 39319==:?1 Ld`nivmi N^H 9:919=7: 37399==9

?8 Ldejd`mi N^H 163=9==? 83381333

?> Lde~oeojqd N^H 19999=73 133?9=78

?? Ldqdhhd N^H 3>3?9=:1 3?389=:?

?6 Emjoqmi N^H 13999=7= 1:939==>

?: ^go Eo~goqìenx N^H 3?361339 89911331

?7 Eoz [oiìen N^H 9?3=9=79 37919=78

?= Edqzi} N^H 9>3>9=77 3>939==9




:3 ‘ IEEOWOX


Iqqiejoloe~


Me~d Fdqho

63 Sibmx~ie N^H 9:389=73 313=9=78

69 Sgm`mssmeox N^H 31939=:6 3=3:9=7361 Sdìen N^H 13371339 1=3>133>

68 Sdq~uji` N^H 963:9=6= 9=319=:9

6> Qdliemi N^H 3>389==6 9:939==7

6? Quxxmi N^H 96369==? 16361333

66 Qzieni N^H 963>133: 363:1393

6: Xie Liqmed N^H 1991133? 1?36133:

67 Xoeoji` N^H 1=3=9=7: 3>319==8

6= Xoqami N^H 19999=73 163?9=78

:3 Xmejisdqo N^H 36991336 1:991337

:9 X`dvib Qosua`mh N^H 9?399==: 98361333

:1 X`dvoemi N^H 11369==7 31931331

:8 Xqm @iebi N^H 38319=78 91369=7?

:> Xdu~g Ifqmhi N^H 39319==? 93939==7

:? Xdu~g Bdqoi N^H 1=379=:: 9=3=9=:=

:6 Xsime N^H 9>369==? 1?361338

:: Xzonoe N^H 3?319==9 1>319==8

:7 Xzm~{oqìen N^H 17379=:7 163=9=73

:= îmzie N^H 9893133> 9>91133?

73 îkmbmx~ie N^H 9:919=7: 37399==9

79 ^gimìen N^H 96939=:7 17919=73

71 ûemxmi N^H 3:93133> 3?36133=

78 ûqbo} N^H 31369=7: 37939==9

7> ûqbloemx~ie N^H 9:919=7: 37399==9

7? _bqimeo N^H 133?9==6 1?319===

76 _em~on Iqia Olmqi~ox N^H 833=9==6 3639133>7: _em~on Bmejndl N^H 39369=7: 19939=7=

77 _em~on X~i~ox N^H 1:991336 1791133:

7= _{aobmx~ie N^H 9>999==6 373:9===

=3 Voeo{uoì N^H 113>9==8 98999==7

=9 Vmo~ Eil N^H 17319==6 1?369===




IEEOWOX ‘ :9

Ieeow 8; @mx~ df i`` Mefdqli~mde Owhgiejo Lohgiemxlx

~d ~go X~ieniqn Xmjeon a} Ao`jmul xmeho m~x Hdllm~loe~

Ijqooloe~x xmjeon a} Ao`jmul xmeho Liqhg 133= ien izim~mej qi~mfmhi~mde

Kuqmxnmh~mde

NÎ

^MOI Xmjeon

Issqdvon a}Hduehm` df

Lmemx~oqxEoz Sqd~dhd`

Joqlie} ¯ 19391393

Iendqqi ¯ 1893133= ¯

Ie~mjui ien Aiqauni ¯ 3:91133=

Iux~qi`mi ¯ 1>36133= ¯

Iux~qmi ¯ 933=133=

Aigilix ¯ 3:91133=

Aigqime ¯ 1899133=

Ao`m{o ¯ 1=91133=

Hgmei 'Qísua`myuo sdsuìmqo no- ¯ 3:93133=

Hdejd ¯ 963:1393

Bdqoi ¯ 93381393

Noeliqb ¯ 3:3:133= ¯

Ndlmemhi ¯ 16311393

Xsime¯

3191133=Fmeìen ¯ 9?3=133= ¯

Fqieho ¯ 3:3:133= ¯

Jmaqi`~iq ¯ 9691133=

Jqooho ¯ 96381393

Jqoeini ¯ 97381393

Mhoìen ¯ 9?3=133=

Mxò df Lie ¯ 963:133=




:1 ‘ IEEOWOX

Ijqooloe~x xmjeon a} Ao`jmul xmeho Liqhg 133= ien izim~mej qi~mfmhi~mde

Kuqmxnmh~mde

NÎ

^MOI Xmjeon

Issqdvon a}

Hduehm` df

Lmemx~oqxEoz Sqd~dhd`Kisie ¯ 16391393

@mohg~oex~ome ¯ 9399133=

@uwoladuqj ¯ 963:133= ¯

Lihondemi ¯ 363:1393

Liì}xmi ¯ 9791133=

Li`~i ¯ 9=391393

Ldeihd ¯ 9?3:133=

Lde~xoqqi~ ¯ 96311393

Edqzi} ¯ 933=133= ¯

Eo~goqìenx ¯ 1836133= ¯

H{ohg Qosua`mh ¯ 9?381393

_em~on Bmejndl ¯ 1>36133= ¯

Qzieni ¯ 9:$3?$1393

Xime~ Bm~~x ien Eovmx ¯ 9791133=

Xime~ @uhmi ¯ 3:91133=

Xime~ Vmehoe~ ien ~go Jqoeinmeox ¯ 3:91133=

Xie Liqmed ¯ 9>3:133= ¯

Xo}hgo`òx ¯ 9>3:133= ¯

Xmejisdqo ¯ 963:133= ¯

îkmbmx~ie ¯ 9331133=




IEEOWOX ‘ :8

Ieeow >; @mx~ df i`` @izx, Qojuì~mdex

ien D~goq Ndhuloe~x Qohomvon

Ao`jmul Hdex~m~u~mde

Me~oqei~mdei` sqmvi~o ìz hdnoHqmlmei` hdno

Hdlloqhmi` òjmxì~mde

Hdlsie} Hdno

îw òjmxì~mde

9==1 Mehdlo îw Hdno 'usni~on us ~d Ldem~ouq ao`jo df ? Liqhg 1393-

Ie~m ldeo} ìuenoqmej òjmxì~mde

@iz df 99 Kieuiq} 9==8 de sqovoe~mej ~go uxo df ~go fmeiehmi` x}x~ol fdq suqsdxox df ldeo} ìuenoqmej ien ~go fmeiehmej df ~oqqdqmxl%

Fmeiehmi` òjmxì~mde

@iz df = Ku`} 9=:? de ~go xusoqvmxmde df mexuqieho hdlsiemox

@iz df 11 Liqhg 9==8 de ~go òji` x~i~ux ien xusoqvmxmde df hqonm~mex~m~u~mdex

@iz df 1: Liqhg 9==? hdehoqemej me~oqlonmi~mde me mexuqieho ien qomexuqieho ien ~go nmx~qmau~mde df mexuqieho

@iz df 6 Isqm` 9==? de ~go òji` x~i~ux ien xusoqvmxmde df mevox~loe~hdlsiemox

@iz df 9? Ku`} 9==7 hdehoqemej ~go hoq~mfmhi~mde df xohuqm~mox mxxuon a} auxmeoxx hdlsiemox




:> ‘ IEEOWOX

@iz df 1 Iujux~ 1331 de ~go xusoqvmxmde df ~go fmeiehmi` xoh~dq ien defmeiehmi` xoqvmhox

@iz df 13 Ku`} 133> de hoq~ime fdqlx df hd`òh~mvo lieijoloe~ df

mevox~loe~ sdq~fd`mdx@iz df 9> Noholaoq 133? iad`mxgmej aoiqoq xohuqm~mox

@iz df 11 Liqhg 1336 de me~oqlonmi~mde me aiebmej ien mevox~loe~xoqvmhox ien de ~go nmx~qmau~mde df fmeiehmi` mex~quloe~x

@iz df 1: Dh~daoq 1336 de ~go xusoqvmxmde df mex~m~u~mdex fdq dhhusi~mdei` qo~mqoloe~ sqdvmxmde

Sqdjqillo @iz df 1: Noholaoq 1336

@iz df 1 Li} 133: de nmxh`dxuqo df likdq gd`nmejx me mxxuoqx zgdxoxgiqox iqo inlm~~on ~d ~qinmej de i qojuì~on liqbo~ ien ì}mej ndze lmxho`ìeodux sqdvmxmdex

@iz df 96 Foaquiq} 133= hdehoqemej qomexuqieho

@iz df 89 Ku`} 133= ~qiexsdxmej Nmqoh~mvo 133:$>>$OH ix qojiqnx sqdhonuqi` quòx ien oviùi~mde hqm~oqmi fdq ~go squnoe~mi` ixxoxxloe~ df ihyumxm~mdex ien mehqoixo df gd`nmejx me ~go fmeiehmi` xoh~dq

Qd}i` Nohqoo df > Liqhg 9==9 de hoq~ime uenoq~ibmejx fdq hd`òh~mvomevox~loe~

Qd}i` Nohqoo df 18 Xos~olaoq 9==1 hdehoqemej ~go ieeui` ihhdue~x df hqonm~ mex~m~u~mdex

Qd}i` Nohqoo df 93 Isqm` 9==? hdehoqemej qoi` ox~i~o XMHIFx

Qd}i` Nohqoo df ? Liqhg 1336 de liqbo~ iauxo

Qd}i` Nohqoo df 9> Foaquiq} 1337 de nmxh`dxuqo df likdq xgiqogd`nmejx

D~goq ojmxì~mde

Sqdsdxi` fdq i Hduehm` Nmqoh~mvo de inlmemx~qi~mvo hddsoqi~mde me ~gofmo`n df ~iwi~mde

@iz df 1? Voe~þxo, ]oiq WM, hde~imemej dqjiemxi~mde df ~go ed~iqmi` sqdfoxxmde%

@iz df 1 Li} 1331 de edesqdfm~libmej ixxdhmi~mdex, me~oqei~mdei` ede sqdfm~libmej ixxdhmi~mdex ien fdueni~mdex



DQJIEMXI^MDE FDQ OHDEDLMH HD,DSOQI^MDE

IEN NOVO@DSLOE^

^go DOHN mx i uemyuo fdqul zgoqo jdvoqeloe~x zdqb ~djo~goq ~d innqoxx ~go

ohdedlmh, xdhmi` ien oevmqdeloe~i` hgi`òejox df j`dai`mxi~mde% ^go DOHN mx i`xd i~ ~go

fdqofqde~ df offdq~x ~d uenoqx~ien ien ~d go`s jdvoqeloe~x qoxsden ~d eoz novo`dsloe~x

ien hdehoqex, xuhg ix hdqsdqi~o jdvoqeieho, ~go mefdqli~mde ohdedl} ien ~go hgi`òejox df

ie ijomej sdsuì~mde% ^go Dqjiemxi~mde sqdvmnox i xo~~mej zgoqo jdvoqeloe~x hie hdlsiqosd`mh} owsoqmoehox, xoob iexzoqx ~d hdllde sqdaòlx, mnoe~mf} jddn sqih~mho ien zdqb ~d

hddqnmei~o ndlox~mh ien me~oqei~mdei` sd`mhmox%

^go DOHN lolaoq hdue~qmox iqo; Iux~qi`mi, Iux~qmi, Ao`jmul, Hieini, Hgmò, ~go

H{ohg Qosua`mh, Noeliqb, Ox~demi, Fmeìen, Fqieho, Joqlie}, Jqooho, Guejiq}, Mhoìen, Mqoìen,

Mxqio`, M~i`}, Kisie, Bdqoi, @uwoladuqj, Lowmhd, ~go Eo~goqìenx, Eoz [oiìen, Edqzi}, Sdìen,

Sdq~uji`, ~go X`dvib Qosua`mh, X`dvoemi, Xsime, Xzonoe, Xzm~{oqìen, uqbo}, ~go _em~on Bmejndl

ien ~go _em~on X~i~ox% ^go Ouqdsoie Hdllmxxmde ~ibox siq~ me ~go zdqb df ~go DOHN%

DOHN Sua`mxgmej nmxxolmei~ox zmno`} ~go qoxu`~x df ~go Dqjiemxi~mde”x x~i~mx~mhx ji~goqmej

ien qoxoiqhg de ohdedlmh, xdhmi` ien oevmqdeloe~i` mxxuox, ix zo`` ix ~go hdevoe~mdex,jumno`meox ien x~ieniqnx ijqoon a} m~x lolaoqx%

DOHN S_A@MXGMEJ, 1, quo IenqíSixhi`, :?::? SIQMX HONOW 96

'18 1399 97 9 S- MXAE =:7=16>937839 ‘ Ed% ?7938 1399



J`dai` Fdqul de qiexsiqoeh} ien Owhgiejo df Mefdqli~mde

fdq îw Suqsdxox

SOOQ QOVMOZX SGIXO 9; AO@JM_L^go J`dai` Fdqul de ^qiexsiqoeh} ien Owhgiejo df Mefdqli~mde fdq îw Suqsdxox mx ~golu`~mì~oqi` fqilozdqb zm~gme zgmhg zdqb me ~go iqoi df ~iw ~qiexsiqoeh} ien owhgiejodf mefdqli~mde mx hiqqmon du~ a} dvoq 933 kuqmxnmh~mdex zgmhg siq~mhmsi~o me ~go zdqb df ~goJ`dai` Fdqul de ie oyui` fdd~mej%

^go J`dai` Fdqul mx hgiqjon zm~g me,nos~g ldem~dqmej ien sooq qovmoz df ~gomlsòloe~i~mde df ~go x~ieniqnx df ~qiexsiqoeh} ien owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde fdq ~iwsuqsdxox% ^goxo x~ieniqnx iqo sqmliqm`} qofioh~on me ~go 1331 DOHN Ldno` Ijqooloe~ de Owhgiejo df Mefdqli~mde de îw Li~~oqx ien m~x hdlloe~iq} ien me Iq~mhò 16 df ~goDOHN Ldno` îw Hdevoe~mde de Mehdlo ien de Hism~i` ien m~x hdlloe~iq} ix usni~on me133> zgmhg gix aooe mehdqsdqi~on me ~go _E Ldno` îw Hdevoe~mde%

^go x~ieniqnx sqdvmno fdq me~oqei~mdei` owhgiejo de qoyuox~ df fdqoxooia`} qoòvie~mefdqli~mde fdq ~go inlmemx~qi~mde dq oefdqholoe~ df ~go ndlox~mh ~iw ìzx df i qoyuox~mejsiq~}% ‐Fmxgmej owsonm~mdex“ iqo ed~ iu~gdqmxon au~ i`` fdqoxooia`} qoòvie~ mefdqli~mdelux~ ao sqdvmnon mehùnmej aieb mefdqli~mde ien mefdqli~mde go`n a} nuhmiqmoxqojiqnòxx df ~go owmx~oeho df i ndlox~mh ~iw me~oqox~ dq ~go iss`mhi~mde df i nui`hqmlmei`m~} x~ieniqn%

I`` lolaoqx df ~go J`dai` Fdqul ix zo`` ix kuqmxnmh~mdex mnoe~mon a} ~go J`dai` Fdqulix qoòvie~ ~d m~x zdqb iqo aomej qovmozon% ^gmx sqdhoxx mx uenoq~iboe me ~zd sgixox%Sgixo 9 qovmozx ixxoxx ~go yui`m~} df i kuqmxnmh~mde”x òji` ien qojuì~dq} fqilozdqb fdq~go owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde zgmò Sgixo 1 qovmozx `ddb i~ ~go sqih~mhi` mlsòloe~i~mde df

~gi~ fqilozdqb% Xdlo J`dai` Fdqul lolaoqx iqo uenoqjdmej hdlameon ‘ Sgixo 9 sùxSgixo 1 ‘ qovmozx% ^go u`~mli~o jdi` mx ~d go`s kuqmxnmh~mdex ~d offoh~mvo`} mlsòloe~ ~gome~oqei~mdei` x~ieniqnx df ~qiexsiqoeh} ien owhgiejo df mefdqli~mde fdq ~iw suqsdxox%

I`` qovmoz qosdq~x iqo sua`mxgon deho issqdvon a} ~go J`dai` Fdqul ien ~go} ~guxqosqoxoe~ ijqoon J`dai` Fdqul qosdq~x%

Fdq ldqo mefdqli~mde de ~go zdqb df ~go J`dai` Fdqul de ^qiexsiqoeh} ien Owhgiejo dfMefdqli~mde fdq îw Suqsdxox ien fdq hdsmox df ~go sua`mxgon qovmoz qosdq~x sòixo vmxm~ zzz%dohn%dqj$~iw$~qiexsiqoeh} %

Sòixo hm~o ~gmx sua`mhi~mde ix;

DOHN '1399- J`dai` Fdqul de ^qiexsiqoeh} ien Owhgiejo df Mefdqli~mde fdq îw Suqsdxox

Sooq Qovmozx; Ao`jmul 1399; Sgixo 9; @oji` ien Qojuì~dq} Fqilozdqb J`dai` Fdqul de

qiexsiqoeh} ien Owhgiejo df Mefdqli~mde fdq îw Suqsdxox; Sooq Qovmozx DOHN Sua`mxgmej%

g~~ $$n n m $93 9:7:$=:7=16>937:87

peer review report phase 1 legal and regulatory framework - belgium

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