peer review report phase 1 switzerland

8/6/2019 Peer Review Report Phase 1 Switzerland

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OCHBIC AHR]G HE TRIEZ^IRMEJP IED M\JLIEOM

HA @EAHRGIT@HE AHR TI\ ]R^HZMZ

^mmr Rmq`mw Rm~hrt^lizm 9Cmoic ied Rmo}cithrp Arigmwhrf

Z_@T[MRCIED


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Ochbic Ahr}ghe Triez~irmejp

ied M|jlieom

ha @eahrgit`he ahr Ti|^}r~hzmz ^mmr Rmq`mwz;

Zw`t{mrcied 2>99

^LIZM 9

K}em 2>99,rmacmjt`eo tlm cmoic ied rmo}cithrp arigmwhrf

iz it Girjl 2>99)


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Tl`z whrf `z ~}bc`zlmd he tlm rmz~hez`b`c`tp ha tlm Zmjrmtirp'Omemric ha tlm HMJD%

Tlm h~è`hez m|~rmzzmd ied iro}gmetz mg~chpmd lmrmè dh eht emjmzzir`cp rmacmjt

tlm haa`jìc q`mwz ha tlm HMJD hr ha tlm ohqmregmetz ha `tz gmgbmr jh}etr`mz hr

tlhzm ha tlm Ochbic Ahr}g he Triez~irmejp ied M|jlieom ha @eahrgit`he ahr Ti|

^}r~hzmz%

@ZBE 0?99)# Ochbic Ahr}g he Triez~irmejp ied M|jlieom ha @eahrgit`he ahr Ti| ^}r~hzmz ^mmr

Rmq`mwz; Zw`t{mrcied 2>99; lizm 9; Cmoic ied Rmo}cithrp Arigmwhrf# Ochbic Ahr}g he

Triez~irmejp ied M|jlieom ha @eahrgit`he ahr Ti| ^}r~hzmz; ^mmr Rmq`mwz# HMJD

^}bc`zlèo%

ltt~;((d|%dh`%hro(9>%9?


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^MMR RMQ@M_ RM^HRT LIZM 9; CMOIC IED RMO]CITHRP ARIGM_HRF Z_@T[MRCIED HMJD 2>99

TIBCM HA JHETMETZ :

Tibcm ha Jhetmetz

Ibh}t tlm Ochbic Ahr}g % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % =

M|mj}t`qm z}ggirp % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ?

@etrhd}jt`he % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0

@eahrgit`he ied gmtlhdhchop }zmd ahr tlm ~mmr rmq`mw ha Zw`t{mrcied % % % % % % % % 0Hqmrq`mw ha Zw`t{mrcied % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 9>Rmjmet dmqmch~gmetz % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %9?

Jhg~cìejm w`tl tlm Ztiedirdz % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 90

I% Iqi`cib`c`tp ha @eahrgit`he % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 90

Hqmrq`mw % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 90I%9% Hwemrzl`~ ied `dmet`tp èahrgit`he % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 2>

I%2%Ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 44I%:% Biefèo èahrgit`he % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % =>

B% Ijjmzz th @eahrgit`he % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % =:

Hqmrq`mw % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % =:B%9% Jhg~mtmet I}tlhr`tpz ib`c`tp th hbtiè ied ~rhq`dm èahrgit`he % % % % % % % % =4B%2% Ehtà`jit`he rmy}`rmgmetz ied ròltz ied ziamo}irdz% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 11

J% M|jlieom ha @eahrgit`he % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ?9

Hqmrq`mw % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ?9J%9% M|jlieom'ha'èahrgit`he gmjlie`zgz % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ?2J%2% M|jlieom'ha'èahrgit`he gmjlie`zgz w`tl icc rmcmqiet ~irtemrz % % % % % % % %


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4 TIBCM HA JHETMETZ

Z}ggirp ha Dmtmrgèit`hez ied Aijthrz ]edmrcpèo Rmjhggmedit`hez% % % % 09

Ieem| 9; K}r`zd`jt`hez Rmz~hezm th tlm Rmq`mw Rm~hrt % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0=

Ieem| 2; C`zt ha icc M|jlieom'ha'@eahrgit`he Gmjlie`zgz % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 0?

Ieem| :; C`zt ha icc Ciwz# Rmo}cit`hez ied Htlmr Gitmrìc Rmjm`qmd % % % % % % %9>9


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IBH]T TLM OCHBIC AHR]G =

Ibh}t tlm Ochbic Ahr}g

Tlm Ochbic Ahr}g he Triez~irmejp ied M|jlieom ha @eahrgit`he ahr Ti|^}r~hzmz `z tlm g}ct`citmric arigmwhrf w`tlè wl`jl whrf è tlm irmi ha ti|triez~irmejp ied m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he `z jirr`md h}t bp hqmr 9>> k}r`zd`j't`hez wl`jl ~irt`j`~itm e tlm Ochbic Ahr}g he ie my}ic ahhtèo%

Tlm Ochbic Ahr}g `z jliromd w`tl è'dm~tl ghe`thrèo ied ~mmr rmq`mwha tlm `g~cmgmetit`he ha tlm ètmreit`heic ztiedirdz ha triez~irmejp iedm|jlieom ha èahrgit`he ahr ti| ~}r~hzmz% Tlmzm ztiedirdz irm ~r`gir`cprmacmjtmd è tlm 2>>2 HMJD Ghdmc Iormmgmet he M|jlieom ha @eahrgit`hehe Ti| Gittmrz ied `tz jhggmetirp# ied è Irt`jcm 21 ha tlm HMJD GhdmcTi| Jheqmet`he he @ejhgm ied he Ji~`ticied `tz jhggmetirp iz }~ditmd è2>>4# wl`jl liz bmme èjhr~hritmd è tlm ]E Ghdmc Ti| Jheqmet`he%

Tlm ztiedirdz ~rhq`dm ahr ètmreit`heic m|jlieom he rmy}mzt ha ahrmzmm'ibcp rmcmqiet èahrgit`he ahr tlm idgè`ztrit`he hr meahrjmgmet ha tlm dhgmz't`j ti| ciwz ha i rmy}mztèo ~irtp% A`zlèo m|~md`t`hez irm eht i}tlhr`zmd b}ticc ahrmzmmibcp rmcmqiet èahrgit`he g}zt bm ~rhq`dmd# èjc}dèo bief èahr'git`he ied èahrgit`he lmcd bp a`d}jìr`mz# rmoirdcmzz ha tlm m|`ztmejm ha i

dhgmzt`j ti| ètmrmzt hr tlm i~~c`jit`he ha i d}ic jr`gèic`tp ztiedird%Icc gmgbmrz ha tlm Ochbic Ahr}g# iz wmcc iz k}r`zd`jt`hez `dmetà`md bp

tlm Ochbic Ahr}g iz rmcmqiet th `tz whrf# irm bmèo rmq`mwmd% Tl`z ~rhjmzz `z}edmrtifme è twh ~lizmz% ^lizm 9 rmq`mwz izzmzz tlm y}ic tp ha k}r`zd`jt`hezcmoic ied rmo}cithrp arigmwhrf ahr tlm m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he# wl`cm ^lizm 2rmq`mwz chhf it tlm ~rijt`jic g~cmgmetit`he ha tlit arigmwhrf% Zhgm OchbicAhr}g gmgbmrz irm }edmroh eo jhgbèmd ^lizm 9 ~c}z lizm 2 rmq`mwz%Tlm }ct`gitm ohic `z th lmc~ k}r`zd`jt`hez th maamjt`qmcp `g~cmgmet tlm ètmrei't`heic ztiedirdz ha triez~irmejp ied m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he ahr ti| ~}r~hzmz%

Icc rmq`mw rm~hrtz irm ~}bc`zlmd hejm i~~rhqmd bp tlm Ochbic Ahr}g iedtlmp tl}z rm~rmzmet iormmd Ochbic Ahr}g rm~hrtz%

Ahr ghrm èahrgit`he he tlm whrf ha tlm Ochbic Ahr}g he Triez~irmejp

ied M|jlieom ha @eahrgit`he ahr Ti| ^}r~hzmz# ied ahr jh~`mz ha tlm ~}b'c`zlmd rmq`mw rm~hrtz# ~cmizm rmamr th www%hmjd%hro(ti|(triez~irmejp%


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M\MJ]T@QM Z]GGIRP ?

M|mj}t`qm z}ggirp

9% Tl`z rm~hrt z}ggir`zmz tlm cmoic ied rmo}cithrp arigmwhrf ahr tlmtriez~irmejp ied m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he è Zw`t{mrcied% Tlm ètmreit`heicztiedird wl`jl `z zmt h}t è tlm Ochbic Ahr}gz Tmrgz ha Rmamrmejm th Ghe`thried Rmq`mw ^rhormzz Thwirdz Triez~irmejp ied M|jlieom ha @eahrgit`he# `z

jhejmremd w`tl tlm iqi`cib`c`tp ha rmcmqiet èahrgit`he w`tlè i k}r`zd`jt`he#tlm jhg~mtmet i}tlhr`tpz ib`c`tp th oiè t`gmcp ijjmzz th tlit èahrgit`he#ied è t}re# wlmtlmr tlit èahrgit`he jie bm maamjt`qmcp m|jlieomd w`tl `tzm|jlieom ha eahrgit`he ~irtemrz%

2% Zw`t{mrciedz i~~rhijl th m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he ahr ti| ~}r~hzmzliz jlieomd z oeà`jietcp hqmr tlm ~izt twh pmirz% Liqèo l`zthr`jiccp idh~tmdi rmztr`jt`qm i~~rhijl# Zw`t{mrcied w`tldrmw `tz rmzmrqit`he th Irt`jcm 21 hatlm HMJD Ghdmc Ti| Jheqmet`he he 9: Girjl 2>>0% Zèjm tlme# `t liz ghqmdri~`dcp th }~ditm `tz emtwhrf ha DTIz liqèo tlm ètmet`he tlit èahrgit`hegip bm m|jlieomd# è cèm w`tl tlm ètmreit`heic ztiedird% Lhwmqmr# tlm emwiormmgmetz rmjmetcp emohtìtmd bp Zw`t{mrcied liqm bmme ah}ed eht th bm a}ccpè cèm w`tl tlm ztiedird bmji}zm ha ie `zz}m jhejmreèo tlm hbcòit`hez ahrie MH@ ~irtemr th ~rhq`dm jmrtiè `dmet`tp èahrgit`he è tlm`r MH@ rmy}mztz%

Iz i rmz}ct# è Ambr}irp 2>99# tlm Zw`zz ohqmregmet ieeh}ejmd `t wh}cd tifma}rtlmr ztm~z th mez}rm tlhzm emw iormmgmetz wh}cd bm i~~c`md jhez`ztmetcpw`tl tlm ztiedird è icc rmoirdz

:% ]edmr Zw`zz ciw# jhg~ie`mz# ~irtemrzl`~z ied ah}edit`hez jie bmahrgmd# w`tl zhj`tz iehepgmz ,ZIz) ied zhj`tz rmz~hezib`c t c`g`t,ZIRC) bmèo tlm ghzt ~h~}cir ahrg ha jhr~hritm qml jcm% Th mez}rm tlmiqi`cib`c`tp ha rmcmqiet èahrgit`he# Zw`t{mrcied liz i cmoic ied rmo}cithrparigmwhrf wl`jl èjc}dmz hbcòit`hez è `tz j`q`c jhdm# jhggmrjìc jhdm# ti|ciwz ied `tz ciwz jhejmreèo iet`'ghemp ci}edmrèo ( jh}etmr'aèiejèo hatmrrhr`zg% @e rmz~mjt ha tr}ztz# wl`czt tlmp gip eht bm jrmitmd }edmr Zw`zz ciw#Zw`t{mrcied `z i zòeithrp th tlm Lio}m Jheqmet`he he Tr}ztz wl`jl gmieztlit ahrmòe tr}ztz irm rmjhoe`zmd e Zw`zz ciw%

4% Rmcìbcm hwemrzl`~# ijjh}etèo ied bief èahrgit`he ahr rmcmqietmet`t`mz z omemriccp iqi`cibcm ahr MH@ ~}r~hzmz# lhwmqmr zhgm zz}mz rmgièè tlm cmoic arigmwhrf# èjc}dèo è rmz~mjt ha hwemrzl`~ èahrgit`he ahr


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< M\MJ]T@QM Z]GGIRP

bmirmr zlirmz wl`jl jie bm `zz}md bp zhgm tp~mz ha Zw`zz jhg~ie`mz ied

iczh w`tl rmoird th ahrmòe met`t`mz jirrpèo he b}zèmzz hr w`tl i ~mrgiemetmztibc`zlgmet è Zw`t{mrcied% Iz i rmz}ct# mzzmetìc mcmgmet I9 `z eht è ~cijm%I zgicc e}gbmr ha bmirmr ziqèoz bhhfz rmgiè è Zw`t{mrcied# ictlh}olZw`t{mrcied liz bmme qmrp ijt`qm è mez}rèo tlmzm irm ~lizmd h}t iatmr tlm`zz}m wiz ehtmd è tlm 2>>= rm~hrt he Zw`t{mrcied bp tlm Aèiejìc Ijt`heTizf Ahrjm%

=% Ijjmzz ~hwmrz è Zw`t{mrcied liqm bmme rmjmetcp rmq`zmd th rmacmjt `tzjhgg`tgmet th m|jlieom icc ahrmzmmibcp rmcmqiet èahrgit`he è cèm w`tl tlmztiedird% Ijjmzz ~hwmrz }edmr tl`z emw rmo`gm èjc}dm ~hwmrz ahr tlm jhg'~mtmet i}tlhr`tp th `zz}m eht`jmz th rmy}`rm èahrgit`he th bm ~rhd}jmd# jirrph}t zmirjlmz ied zm`{m dhj}gmetz ied iczh ijjmzz èahrgit`he tlit gip bmlmcd bp htlmr ohqmregmet i}tlhr`t`mz# èjc}dèo tlm jietheic ti| i}tlhr`t`mz%Tlmrm irm zt`cc rmztr`jt`hez he hbtièèo bief èahrgit`he }edmr Zw`t{mrciedz

hcdmr iormmgmetz# ictlh}ol tl`z rmztr`jt`he w`cc eht i~~cp ahr rmy}mztz }edmr`tz emwmr iormmgmetz ied Zw`t{mrcied jhetè}mz th }~ditm `tz hcdmr iormm'gmetz è tl`z rmoird%

1% Zw`t{mrcied liz i ztrheo zpztmg ha ròltz ied ziamo}irdz ahr ti|~ip'mrz ied htlmr ~mrzhez jhejmremd bp ie MH@ rmy}mzt# ied è zhgm èztiejmztlmzm ròltz irm ~rhtmjtmd bp `tz Jhezt`t}t`he% Tlmzm ròltz dh eht icchwm|jm~t`hez th ehtà`jit`he jhez`ztmetcp w`tl tlm ztiedird# wl`jl gip `g~mdmmaamjt`qm ijjmzz th èahrgit`he è zhgm jizmz%

?% Zw`t{mrcied `z jhetè}èo th whrf th y}`jfcp }~oridm `tz èahrgit`hem|jlieom emtwhrf# ied liz emohtìtmd zmqmric emw iormmgmetz% Ictlh}olzhgm ha tlmzm iormmgmetz liqm bmme driatmd th èjc}dm ~rhq`z`hez tlit irmjhez`ztmet w`tl tlm ètmreit`heiccp iormmd ztiedird# Zw`t{mrciedz è`tìc ètmr'

~rmtit`he jhejmreèo `dmetà`jit`he rmy}`rmgmetz ahr ie m|jlieom ha èahrgi't`he rmy}mzt `z eht è cèm w`tl tlit ztiedird% Lhwmqmr# Zw`t{mrcied liz zèjmghdà`md `tz è`tìc ètmr~rmtit`he ied liz èd`jitmd tlit ijt`he `z bmèo tifmeth mez}rm tlit tlmzm iormmgmetz w`cc bm ètmr~rmtmd iz bmèo è cèm w`tl tlmztiedird% Ghrmhqmr# Zw`t{mrcied liz èd`jitmd tlit t zthhd rmidp th }~oridmied dmqmch~ tz m|jlieom ha eahrgit`he iormmgmet emtwhrf omemriccp ,èjc}d'èo T@MIz)# th brèo `t a}ccp è cèm w`tl tlm ztiedird% Zw`t{mrciedz rmz~hezmth tlm dmtmrgèit`hez# aijthrz ied rmjhggmedit`hez ha tlm ~rmzmet rm~hrt# izwmcc iz `tz ~rijt`jic `g~cmgmetit`he ha tl`z cmoic arigmwhrf# w`cc bm izzmzzmdd}rèo tlm ^lizm 2 ~mmr rmq`mw zjlmd}cmd ahr tlm zmjhed lica ha 2>92 ~rhq`dmdtlit Zw`t{mrcied brèoz i zòeà`jiet e}gbmr ha `tz MH@ iormmgmetz èth cèmw`tl tlm ztiedird# ied liz tifme tlm ijt`hez emjmzzirp th jhea`rg icc emwiormmgmetz irm th bm ètmr~rmtmd iz bmèo è cèm w`tl tlm ztiedird%


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@ETRHD]JT@HE 0

@etrhd}jt`he

@eahrgit`he ied gmtlhdhchop }zmd ahr tlm ~mmr rmq`mw ha Zw`t{mrcied

% Tlm izzmzzgmet wiz jhed}jtmd bp ie izzmzzgmet tmig wl`jl jhe'z`ztmd ha twh m|~mrt izzmzzhrz; Gr% K}ie îbch Bir{hci# ti| idq`zhr è tlm@etmreit`heic Ti| D`q`z`he ha tlm Irometèmie Ti| Idgè`ztrit`he ied Gr%Thrztme Amezbp# ^rhkmjt Gieiomr# Dmegirf6 ied hem rm~rmzmetit`qm ha tlmOchbic Ahr}g Zmjrmtirìt; G`zz Jirhcèm Gicjhcg%


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9> @ETRHD]JT@HE

Hqmrq`mw ha Zw`t{mrcied9

99% Chjitmd it tlm lmirt ha _mztmre M}rh~m# Zw`t{mrcied `z z}rrh}edmd bpa`qm emòlbh}rèo k}r`zd`jt`hez; I}ztrì# C`mjltmeztmè# Omrgiep# Ariejm ied@ticp% Tlm ji~`tic ha Zw`t{mrcied `z Bmrem# ied tlm ciromzt j`t`mz irm [}r`jl iedOmemqi w`tl tlm jh}etrp liqèo i thtic ~h~}cit`he ha ?%< g`cc`he% Omrgie#Armejl# @ticìe ied Rhgiezl irm icc eit`heic cieo}iomz ied tlm j}rrmejp `ztlm Zw`zz ariej ,9 JLA my}`qicmet th >%?< m}rhz iz it :9 Kie}irp 2>99)%

92% @e 2>9># Zw`t{mrcied lid i orhzz dhgmzt`j ~rhd}jt ha =41 b`cc`he JLA,hr 42= b`cc`he M]R)# o`qèo i ~mr ji~ ti OD^ ha 1< ?=< JLA ,M]R =: 1:9)#gifèo `tz ztiedird ha c`qèo igheozt tlm lòlmzt ijrhzz HMJD jh}etr`mz%@t liz i jhg~mt`t`qm ied lòlcp èd}ztrìc`zmd mjhehgp# ied è 2>>0'2>9>#`t wiz riefmd a`rzt è tlm _hrcd Mjhehg`j Ahr}gz ochbic jhg~mt`t`qmemzzèdm|% @g~hrtiet èd}ztr`mz èjc}dm meoèmmrèo# jlmg`jicz ied ~lirgijm}t`'

jicz iz wmcc iz aèiejìc zmrq`jmz% Tlm M}rh~mie ]e`he `z Zw`t{mrciedz giètridèo ~irtemr# ijjh}etèo ahr ghrm tlie - ha `g~hrtz ied 1>- ha `tzm|~hrtz% Htlmr g~hrtiet tridèo ~irtemrz irm tlm ]e tmd Ztitmz ied Jlèi%

Omemric eahrgit`he he Zw`t{mrciedz ohqmregmet# cmoic iedti|it`he zpztmgz

Cmoic zpztmg

9:% Tlm Zw`zz Jheamdmrit`he jhez`ztz ha 21 jiethez wl`jl irm zhqmrmòeè zh air iz tlm`r zhqmrm oetp `z eht c`g`tmd bp tlm amdmric jhezt`t}t`he% Tlmpm|mrj`zm icc ha tlm ròltz wl`jl liqm eht bmme dmcmoitmd th tlm Jheamdmrit`he,irt% :# Jzt)% Icc ha tlm jiethez irm è t}re z}b'd`q`dmd èth ~hc`t`jic jhg'

g}emz% Tlm Jhezt`t}t`he iczh o`qmz tlm ~mh~cm tlm ròlt th ~irt`j`~itm èdmj`z`he'gifèo tlrh}ol è`tìt`qmz èztòitmd tlrh}ol tlm z}~~hrt ha iz~mjà`md e}gbmr ha qhtmrz hr jiethez ,irt% 9:'949# Jzt)%

94% Zw`t{mrcied rmjhoe`zmz i zm~irit`he ha ~hwmrz bmtwmme tlm dàamrmetbriejlmz ha ohqmregmet% Cmo`zcit`qm ~hwmr `z m|mrj`zmd bp îrcìgmet jhezt`'t}tmd bp twh lh}zmz# bmèo tlm Eit`heic Jh}ej`c ,jhez`ztèo ha dm~}t`mz)# iedtlm Jh}ej`c ha Ztitmz ,ahrgmd bp dm~}t`mz rm~rmzmetèo tlm jiethez)% Icc ha tlmdm~}t`mz irm mcmjtmd bp d`rmjt }e`qmrzic z}aariom# ijjhrdèo th dàamrmet gmtl'hdz dm~medèo he tlm lh}zm% M|mj}t`qm ~hwmr bmcheoz th tlm ohqmregmet#bmèo tlm Amdmric Jh}ej`c# jhg~hzmd ha zmqme Amdmric Jh}ej`cchrz# mcmjtmdbp îrcìgmet ahr ah}r pmirz% Tlm ^rmz`dmet ha tlm Zw`zz Jheamdmrit`he `zi~~hètmd ahr i hem pmir tmrg arhg igheozt tlm Amdmric Jh}ej`c# ied liz

9% HMJD Ztit`zt`jz iedD~irtmgmet adric dmz Aèiejmz;^cijm aèiej`rm z}`zzm ;z`t}it`he mt ~mrz~mjt`qmz# zm~tmgbrm 2>>0# ied Zmjrtirìt dMtit cjhehg`m%


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@ETRHD]JT@HE 99

jmrtiè rm~rmzmetit`qm rmz~hez`b`c`t`mz% Iz a`rzt igheo my}icz lhwmqmr# tlm

^rmz`dmet `z eht tlm lmid ha ztitm hr ha tlm ohqmregmet# rhcmz wl`jl irm èztmidizz}gmd jhccmjt`qmcp bp tlm Amdmric Jh}ej`c%

9=% Tlm Zw`zz cmoic zpztmg `z ah}edmd he Rhgie ciw# iczh fehwe izj`q`c ciw ied `z tl}z bizmd he i jhdà`md zpztmg% 2 Tlm l`mrirjlp ha Zw`zz ciwzg}zt bm jhez`dmrmd è twh jhetm|tz; ahr hem ~irt# tlm l`mrirjlp ha amdmric# thjietheic# th jhgg}eic ciwz6 ied he tlm htlmr# arhg tlm Jhezt`t}t`he# th ciwzied è t}re rmo}cit`hez%: Amdmric ciw w`cc icwipz liqm ~r`gijp hqmr jietheichr jhgg}eic ciwz# rmoirdcmzz ha wlmtlmr `t `z i amdmric ciw hr rmo}cit`he,~rèj`~cm ha ~r`gijp ha amdmric ciw)% Lhwmqmr# tlm Jheamdmrit`he liz hecptlm ròltz qmztmd è `t bp tlm amdmric Jhezt`t}t`he% @e htlmr whrdz tlm Jiethezirm zhqmrmòe m|jm~t th tlm m|tmet tlit tlm`r zhqmrmòetp `z c`g`tmd bp tlmAmdmric Jhezt`t}t`he ,irt% :# Jzt)% Tlm Jheamdmrit`he `z tl}z omemriccp rmz~he'z`bcm ahr tlhzm tizfz wl`jl m|jmmd tlm irmiz ha rmz~hez`b`c`tp ha tlm jiethez

hr wl`jl rmy}`rm i }eàhrg rmo}cit`he ijrhzz tlm Jheamdmrit`he ,~rèj`~cm haz}bz`dìr`tp)%

91% Tlm j`q`c ied jhggmrjìc ciw ,J`q`c Jhdm ied Jhggmrjìc Jhdm)#aèiejìc ciw# ied jr`gèic ciw ,èjc}dèo iet`'ghemp ci}edmrèo cmo`zcit`he)#irm ~irt ha tlm amdmric ciw# b}t tlm`r i~~c`jit`he jie bm irrieomd it tlm jietheiccmqmc% @t `z ~hzz`bcm ahr jmrtiè z}bkmjtz th bm rmo}citmd è ~iriccmc bmtwmme tlmJheamdmrit`he ied tlm jiethez# ahr m|ig~cm bhtl tlm Jheamdmrit`he ied tlmjiethez gip gifm ciwz è rmz~mjt ha ti|it`he ,ictlh}ol ti|mz irm ~rmdhg`'eietcp `g~hzmd }edmr jietheic ciw)%4

9?% B}zèmzz gip bm jhed}jtmd tlrh}ol i qir`mtp ha cmoic ahrgz èjc}d'èo jhr~hrit`hez# c`g`tmd cìb`c`tp jhg~ie`mz# èqmztgmet jhg~ie`mz# iz wmcciz c`g`tmd ied omemric ~irtemrzl`~z% @t `z iczh ~hzz`bcm th jrmitm ah}edit`hez

}edmr Zw`zz ciw% Jhr~hrit`hez ied c`g`tmd cìb`c`tp jhg~ie`mz irm tlm ghztjhgghe cmoic ahrgz ahr b}zèmzz ~}r~hzmz% Met`t`mz jirrpèo h}t jhggmrjìcijt`q`t`mz g}zt bm rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztmr% Zhgm tp~mz ha met`'t`mz gip `zz}m bmirmr zlirmz iz wmcc iz rmo`ztmrmd zlirmz%

9>0# rm~rmzmetz

è Zw`zz tlm a}edigmetic ciw ,www%idgè%jl(jl(a(rz(9(9>9%ar%~da)% Ciwz è tlm

ahrgic zmezm irm ijtz me}ejìtmd bp îrcìgmet% Hrdèiejmz ,tlm j`q`c ciw ~iric'

cmc ha rmo}cit`hez) irm mztibc`zlmd bp tlm m|mj}t`qm briejl ha ohqmregmet ,tlm

Amdmric Jh}ej`c# jietheic ohqmregmetz) ied idgè`ztrit`qm dm~irtgmetz }edmr ighrm z`g~cà`md ~rhjmzz%

4% Lmidèo @@@# Jli~tmr 9 ha tlm Jhezt`t}t`he ,irt`jcmz 42'40# 922 ic% 2# 92: ic% 2# 92


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~rmqi`c hqmr dhgmzt`j ciw# èjc}dèo tlm Jhezt`t}t`he ,irt`jcmz 90:,4) ied

904,2)# Jzt)% @e idd`t`he# tlm cmo`zcit`qm ~rhq`z`hez ha ie ètmreit`heic iormm'gmet# wlme tlmp irm z}aa `j`metcp jcmir ied etmedmd th liqm ggmdìtm i~~c`'jit`he# w`cc bmema`t arhg i ~r`gijp hqmr iep ~rhq`z`hez è amdmric ciw w`tlh}ttlm emmd ahr iep g~cmgmetèo dhgmzt`j cmo`zcit`he%

90% Ahrmòe iaai`rz aiccèo w tlè tlm k}r`zd`jt he ha tlm Jheamdmrit`he#z}jl iz trmit`mz zòemd bp tlm Amdmric Jh}ej`c# g}zt bm i~~rhqmd bp tlm AmdmricIzzmgbcp bmahrm tlmp irm rità`md bp tlm Jh}ej`c ,irt% =4 ied 9 >>> j`t`{mezw`tl tlm ròlt th qhtm hr < jiethez gip rmy}mzt i rmamrmed}g w`tlè 9>> dipzarhg tlm haa`jìc ~}bc`jit`he ha tlm trmitp% @a i rmamrmed}g `z tròomrmd# `t tifmz

~cijm iatmr tlm i~~rhqic ha tlm trmitp bp tlm Amdmric Izzmgbcp b}t bmahrm rità`'jit`he bp tlm Amdmric Jh}ej`c% _lmrm# }~he rmamrmed}g# i trmitp `z rmkmjtmd# `tgip eht bm rità`md ied tlmrmahrm w`cc eht metmr èth ahrjm ahr Zw`t{mrcied%

2>% Iatmr tlm zòeit}rm ha i dh}bcm ti| jheqmet`he ,DTJ)# tlm AmdmricJh}ej`c idh~tz i gmzziom wl`jl `z zmet th tlm îrcìgmet% Tlmrm}~he tlmîrcìgmet i~~rhqmz tlm DTJ ied iormmz tlit tlm Amdmric Jh}ej`c ritàp tlmtrmitp% Tlm dmj`z he th z}bg`t i DTJ th ie h~t`heic rmamrmed}g tlmrmahrmbmcheoz th tlm ircìgmet# }edmr tlm j`rj}gztiejmz ahrmzmme bp tlm Jhezt`t}t`he%

29% Tlm k}d`jìrp `z lmidmd bp tlm Amdmric Tr`b}eic it Ci}zieem# iedtlm Amdmric Tr`b}eic ha @ez}riejm it C}jmrem% @t `z tlm Amdmric Tr`b}eic itCi}zieem wl`jl `z jhejmremd w`tl gittmrz rmcitèo th q`hcit`hez ha ètmrei't`heic ciw% Twh a`rzt'èztiejm tr `b}eicz m|`zt it tlm amdmric cmqmc; tlm amdmric

jr`gèic tr`b}eic wl`jl dmicz w`tl a`rzt'èztiejm jr`gèic gittmrz# iedtlm Amdmric Idgè`ztrit`qm Tr`b}eic wl`jl dmicz w`tl gittmrz jhejmreèo~}bc`j ciw }edmr tlm k}r`zd`jt`he ha tlm amdmric idgè`ztrit`he% Gittmrz haètmreit`heic m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he irm z}bkmjt th tlm i~~mic th tlm AmdmricIdgè`ztrit`qm Tr`b}eic ritlmr tlie th tlm Amdmric Tr`b}eic ,irt% )%

Ti|it`he zpztmg

22% Iz i rmz}ct ha tlm amdmric ztr}jt}rm dmzjr`bmd ibhqm# tlm jiethez liqm tlmròlt th cmqp icc ti|mz wl`jl irm eht htlmrw`zm m|~c`j`tcp ittr`b}tmd m|jc}z`qmcp thtlm Jheamdmrit`he }edmr tlm Jhezt`t}t`he% @e rmz~mjt ha j}zthgz d}t`mz ied qic}middmd ti| ,QIT) tlm Jheamdmrit`he liz m|jc}z`qm k}r`zd`jt`he ,irt% 92< ied 9::#

Jzt)% Lhwmqmr# Zw`zz ciw rmjhoe`zmz ~iriccmc k}r`zd`jt`he è gittmrz ha èjhgmti| he eit}ric ~mrzhez# ied ha ti|it`he he ~rha`tz ied ji~`tic ha cmoic ~mrzhez%Tl}z tlm Jheamdmrit`hez ied mijl ha tlm Jiethez liqm k}r`zd`jt`he th ti| tlm


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@ETRHD]JT@HE 9:

èjhgm ha èd`q`d}icz ied jhr~hrit`hez% @e dhèo zh lhwmqmr# tlmp irm jhg~mccmd

th rmz~mjt tlm ~rèj`~cmz ha tlm Amdmric Ijt he tlm Lirghe`{it`he ha tlm D`rmjtTi|mz ha Jiethez ied Jhgg}emz ,CL@D# RZ 142%94)%

2:% Icc rmz`dmet jhr~hrit`hez irm ti|md he whrcdw`dm èjhgm ictlh}olèjhgm arhg ahrmòe ~mrgiemet mztibc`zlgmetz ied ahrmòe rmic ~rh~mrtp `zm|mg~t% Jhr~hrit`hez tlit irm èjhr~hritmd è Zw`t{mrcied hr liqm tlm`r ~cijmha maamjt`qm gieiomgmet tlmrm irm jhez`dmrmd th bm rmz`dmet ahr ti| ~}r~hzmz eZw`t{mrcied% Maamjt qm jhgbèmd amdmric# jietheic ied jhgg}eic ejhgm ti|mzhe jhr~hrit`hez qir`md arhg irh}ed 9:- th 2=- bizmd he 2>>0 ritmz% Chwmrti| ritmz jie bm ijl`mqmd ahr ~irt`j}cir tp~mz ha jhg~ie`mz z}jl iz lhcdèo#dhg`j cìrp# i}|`cìrp bmji}zm ha ghrm aiqh}ribcm ti| rmo`gmz% @e idd`t`heth ti|mz he èjhgm# jhr~hrit`hez irm z}bkmjt th ti| he tlm`r emt my}`tp it ritmzrieoèo arhg %9- th %1- dm~medèo he tlm jiethe% Ehe'rmz dmet jhg~ie`mz irmcìbcm th ti| he Zw`zz zh}rjm èjhgm%

24% @ed`q`d}icz irm z}bkmjt th ti|mz he èjhgm ied emt wmictl% Rmz`dmetèd`q`d}icz irm ti|ibcm he tlm`r whrcdw`dm èjhgm# ehe rmz`dmetz he Zw`zzzh}rjm èjhgm% Amdmric ied jietheic ti| ritmz i~~c`jibcm th èd`q`d}icz irm~rhormzz qm% Tlm gi|`g}g amdmric ritm `z 99%=-6 tlm jietheic ied jhgg}eicritm qir`mz arhg jiethe th jiethe%= @e jmrtiè jiethez# i z~mjìc c}g~ z}g ti|rmo`gm z iqi`cibcm th rmz`dmet ic`mez wlh irm eht jirrpèo h}t i c}jrit`qm ijt`q'`tp è Zw`t{mrcied% ]edmr tl`z rmo`gm i dmmgmd ti|ibcm èjhgm `z jicj}citmdwl`jl it gè`g}g `z my}`qicmet th a`qm t`gmz tlm rmetic m|~mezm ahr tlm ~mrzhez~rèj`~ic rmz dmejm% Tlm dmmgmd ti| bizm z z}bkmjt th ti| it hrdèirp ritmz%1

2=% @e Zw`t{mrcied# ti|it`he he èjhgm ied wmictl `z bizmd he tlm ti|rmt}re wl`jl `z zmet th mijl ti|~ipmr% @a tlm ti|~ipmr dhmz eht tlme a`cm tlm`rti| rmt}re ,w`tl icc emjmzzirp ittijlgmetz) tlmp w`cc bm ti|md he tlm biz`z ha

=% Mijl ha tlm 21 jiethez liqm tlm`r hwe ti| ciwz# w`tl tlm cmqmc ha dmd}jt`hez ied ti|

tlrmzlhcdz qirpèo ijrhzz jiethez% Ahr tlm gikhr`tp ha jiethez# tlm ti| tlrmzlhcdzirm bizmd he z`g~cm ritmz ,bizm ritmz hr }e`t ritmz)% Tlm y}hti tlmrmahrm rm~rmzmetz

i g}ct`~cm ,m|~rmzzmd è }e`tz hr ~mrjmetiomz) ha tlm ritmz a`|md è ciw% Tlmzm g}c'

t`~cmz irm è omemric igmedmd iee}iccp th tifm èth ijjh}et tlm emmdz ha tlm ~}bc`j

ijjh}etz ,jietheic ied jhgg}eic)% _`tl tlm etmet`he ha iqh`dèo z oeà `jiet dà'amrmejmz bmtwmme tlm ti| jlirom e r`jlmr ied ~hhrmr irmiz# Zw`t{mrcied i~~c`mz ie

my}ic`zit`he i~~rhijl etmr'jietheic ied etmr'jhgg}eic% @e tl`z wip# tlm jiethez

ied jhgg}emz wl`jl irm aèiejìccp wmifmr w`cc bmema`t arhg jhg~mezitèo triez'

amrz wl`jl icchw tlmg th iqh`d liqèo th èjrmizm tlm cmqmc ha ti| jliromz# hr mqmeth bm ibcm th chwmr tlmg%

1% Tlm ti| bizm g}zt bm it cmizt my}`qicmet th ijt}ic càmztpcm m|~mezmz ied tlm

igh}et ha ti| g}zt bm it cmizt my}`qicmet th tlm igh}et ha ti| ~ipibcm he Zw`zzizzmtz ied Zw`zz zh}rjm èjhgm ied ahrmòe èjhgm ahr wl`jl tlm bmema`tz ha i

dh}bcm ti| trmitp irm rmy}mztmd%


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ie mzt`gitm% @e tlit jizm# tlm idgè`ztrit`he w`cc jicj}citm tlm igh}et d}m ied

jhccmjt tlm ti|# w`tl jhccmjt`he bmèo }edmrtifme it tlm jietheic cmqmc%

21% I :=- w`tllhcdèo ti| i~~c`mz th ~ipgmetz ha d`q`dmedz bp Zw`zzjhg~ie`mz# ~ipgmetz ha etmrmzt arhg Zw`zz zh}rjmz z}jl iz bhedz hr dm~hz'`tz it Zw`zz biefz ied d`ztr`b}t`hez ha èjhgm arhg Zw`zz a}edz% I rma}ed~rhjmd}rm h~mritmz wl`jl icchwz Zw`zz rmz`dmetz hr rmz`dmetz ha jh}etr`mzw`tl wl`jl Zw`t{mrcied liz i DTJ th hbtiè jrmd`t hr i rma}ed ha tlm ti|w`tllmcd% @etmrjhg~iep ètmrmzt `z omemriccp eht z}bkmjt th w`tllhcdèo ti|%

2?% @e idd`t`he th ti|mz he èjhgm ied wmictl# Zw`t{mrcied liz lid iqic}m iddmd ti| zèjm 900=% Tlm ztiedird ritm `z >0# tlm ètmreit`heic ztiedird he MH@ ahr ti| ~}r~hzmz wiz idh~tmdbp Zw`t{mrcied ied t liz ghqmd ri~`dcp th }~ditm tz b citmric trmit mz%

Hqmrq`mw ha tlm aèiejìc zmrq`jmz èd}ztrp ied rmcmqiet ~rhamzz`hez

20% Tlm aèiejìc zmrq`jmz èd}ztrp `z i fmp ~`ccir è Zw`t{mrciedz mjhe'hgp bhtl è tmrgz ha khbz ,1%2-) ied wmictl jrmit`he ,9>%=- ha OD^)# iedijjhrdèo th jhezmrqit`qm mzt`gitmz# `z rmz~hez`bcm ahr omemritèo ibh}t ?%4-ha ti| jhccmjtmd è Zw`t{mrcied ,arhg ti|mz he èjhgm ied jhg~iep ~rha`tz)%@t `z gidm }~ ha i e}gbmr ha zmjthrz# ~rèj`~iccp biefèo# èz}riejm ied~r`qitm wmictl gieiomgmet% It tlm med ha 2>>0# tlm thtic zmj}r`t`mz lhcdèozè j}zthgmr ijjh}etz è tlm biefèo zmjthr wiz 420 b`cc`he JLA ,hr ::= b`c'c`he M]R)# gifèo `t hem ha tlm bòomzt ètmreit`heic aèiejìc jmetrmz è tlmwhrcd wl`jl omemritmz i zòeà`jiet emt h}t~}t# ~rh~hrt`heitmcp tw`jm iz g}jliz è tlm ]Z hr Omrgiep%

:>% Ictlh}ol tlm biefèo zmjthr jhez`ztz ha :2= dàamrmet Zw`zz èzt`t}'t`hez# twh biefz è ~irt`j}cir dhgèitm tlm girfmt; ]BZ ied Jrmd`t Z}`zzm%Tlmp bhtl liqm ztrheo rhhtz è Zw`t{mrcied ied m|tmez`qm ahrmòe ijt`q`t`mz%


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@ETRHD]JT@HE 9=

Thomtlmr tlmp lhcd 4>- ha tlm izzmtz dm~hz`tmd è Zw`t{mrcied# ied m|tmed

jchzm th 4>- ha jrmd`t% Tlm`r z`{m iczh icchwz tlmg th liqm i ~rmzmejm è i cirome}gbmr ha ijt`q`t`mz tiromtmd it tlm ètmreit`heic girfmt% Ibh}t - ha tlm`rizzmtz ied cìb`c`t`mz irm ittr`b}tibcm th ~mh~cm rmz`dmet h}tz`dm ha Zw`t{mrcied%

:9% Htlmr zmjthrz ha tlm aèiejìc zmrq`jmz èd}ztrp irm iczh i`gmd ~rm'dhgèietcp it tlm ètmreit`heic girfmt% _`tl irh}ed 9>- ha ochbic izzmtz}edmr gieiomgmet# Zw`t{mrcied `z hem ha tlm th~ tlrmm wmictl gieiomgmetjmetrmz è tlm whrcd% @tz 2?- zlirm ha tlm haazlhrm ~r`qitm biefèo zmjthrgifmz `t tlm whrcd cmidmr% @e idd`t`he th tlm twh giè ochbic biefz# ~r`qitmwmictl gieiomgmet èjc}dmz giep ~r`qitm ied ahrmòe biefz icheo w`tltlh}ziedz ha èdm~medmet izzmt gieiomrz%

:2% ]BZ ied Jrmd`t Z}`zzm irm iczh e tlm th~ tme ochbic zz}mrz ha zlirmz iedbhedz% @e tlm èz}riejm zmjthr thh# Zw`t{mrcied lhcdz ie g~hrtiet ochbic rhcm d}m

th tlm cmidèo ~hz`t`he ha Zw`zz Rmèz}riejm Jhg~iep Ctd ,Zw`zz Rm)%::% Zw`t{mrcied `z i zòeà`jiet ~cipmr è jhgghd`tp tridèo# z}jl izh`c# ied èjrmizèocp lmdom a}edz% Q`mwmd hqmricc# `tz ~rhgèmet ~hz t`hez èaèiejìc ied ètmreit`heiccp tridmd zmrq`jm ijt`q`t`mz liqm gidm [}r`jl iedOmemqi fmp ochbic aèiejìc jmetrmz%

:4% Zw`t{mrcied `z i gmgbmr ha bhtl tlm HMJD ied AITA zèjm tlm`rèjm~t`he% @t liz ~irt`j`~itmd è tlm whrf ha tlm Ochbic Ahr}g he triez~ir'mejp ied m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he ahr ti| ~}r~hzmz zèjm `tz emw gieditm è2>>0% Ictlh}ol eht i gmgbmr ha tlm M]# `t `z i gmgbmr ha tlm M}rh~mie ArmmTridm Izzhjìt`he ied liz giep htlmr iormmgmetz w`tl tlm M]% Zw`t{mrcied`z iczh i gmgbmr ha htlmr ètmreit`heic hroie`zit`hez# èjc}dèo tlm ]e`tmdEit`hez ,]E)# tlm @etmreit`heic Ghemtirp A}ed ,@GA) ied tlm _hrcd TridmHroie`{it`he ,_TH)% @t iczh lhztz giep ètmreit`heic hroie`zit`hez z}jl iztlm ]e`tmd Eit`hez# _TH# ied tlm @etmreit`heic Jhgg`ttmm ha tlm Rmd Jrhzz%

Rmo}cit`he ha tlm aèiejìc zmrq`jmz èd}ztrp ied tlm iet`'ghempci}edmrèo rmo`gm

:=% Zèjm Kie}irp 2>>0# A@EGI `z tlm ~rèj`~ic rmo}cithr ied z}~mrq`'zhr ha aèiejìc zmrq`jmz ~rhq`dmrz èjc}dèo è rmz~mjt ha tlm iet`'ghempci}edmrèo ied jh}etmr'aèiejèo ha tmrrhr`zg hbcòit`hez ,tlm iet`'ghempci}edmrèo(jh}etmr'aèiejèo ha tmrrhr`zg'IGC rmo`gm)%? Tlm j}zthgmrd}m d`còmejm ied rmjhrd fmm~èo rmy}`rmgmetz tlit irm `g~hzmd he tlm

?% Tlm tlrmm ahrgmr z}~mrq`zhrp i}tlhr`t`mz è tl`z irmi wmrm tlm Amdmric Bief

Jhgg`zz`he ,JAB)# tlm Amdmric Haa`jm ha ^r`qitm @ez}riejm ,HAI^) ied tlm

Iet`'ghemp ci}edmrèo Jhetrhc I}tlhr`tp ,IdJ)% Tlmzm tlrmm i}tlhr`t`mz gmromdhe 9 Kie}irp 2>>0# ahrgèo A@EGI ~}rz}iet th tlm Amdmric Ijt he tlm Zw`zz

Aèiejìc Girfmt Z}~mrq`zhrp I}tlhr`tp ,A@EGIZI)%


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aèiejìc zmrq`jmz èd}ztrp ir`zm arhg tlm IGC rmo`gm% Tlm Amdmric Ijt

he Jhgbitèo Ghemp Ci}edmrèo ied Tmrrhr`zt Aèiejèo è tlm AèiejìcZmjthr ha 9> Hjthbmr 900? ,Iet`'Ghemp Ci}edmrèo Ijt# IGCI)< zmtz h}tgmiz}rmz th jhgbit ghemp ci}edmrèo ied tmrrhr`zt aèiejèo iz dmaèmd ètlm Zw`zz ^meic Jhdm% Tlm ciw i~~c`mz th icc ~mrzhez dmmgmd th bm aèiejìcètmrgmdìr`mz }edmr irt`jcm 2 ha tlm IGCI# èjc}dèo;

biefz iz dmaèmd }edmr tlm Amdmric Bief Ijt60

a}ed gieiomrz th tlm m|tmet tlit tlmp gieiom zlirm ijjh}etz iedhaamr hr d`ztr`b}tm zlirmz è jhccmjt`qm èqmztgmet qml`jcmz6

Z@JIQz# Z@JIAz# ZJ^Jz ied ~r`qitm wmictl gieiomrz ,iz dmaèmd ètlm ciw ha 2: K}em 2>>1 he Jhccmjt`qm @eqmztgmet Qml`jcmz) th tlm m|tmettlit tlmp gieiom zlirm ijjh}etz ied haamr hr d`ztr`b}tm zlirmz è jhccmj't`qm èqmztgmet qml`jcmz6

èz}riejm jhg~ie`mz tlit liqm càm èz}riejm ijt`q`t`mz hr meoiom ètlm girfmtèo ha jhccmjt`qm eqmztgmet qml`jcmz6

zmj}r`t`mz dmicmrz6 ied

jizèhz iz dmaèmd è tlm Oigbcèo Ijt ha 9< Dmjmgbmr 900

jhgghd`t`mz# hr zmj}r`t`mz iz wmcc iz tlm`r dmr`qit`qmz% Htlmr ~mrzhez jhez`dmrmd

th bm aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr`mz irm dmzjr`bmd è Irt`jcm 1 ha tlm Hrdheeiejm z}rcijt`q`t dètmrgdì`rm aèiej`mr m|mrjm t`trm ~rhamzz`heemcha 9< Ehqmgbmr2>>0% @e ~irt`j}cir# tl`z w`cc èjc}dm i ~mrzhe jirrpèo h}t tlm ijt`q`t`mz ha ibhdp ha i dhg j`c irp jhg~iep ,zhj`tz dm dhg j`cm)% Met`t`mz jhez`dmrmd izdhg`j`cìrp jhg~ie`mz èjc}dm; cmoic ~mrzhez# jhg~ie`mz# ah}edit`hez# tr}ztz#a`d}jìrp metmr~r`zmz ied z`g`cir irrieomgmetz wl`jl irm eht m|mrj`zèo i tridmhr gie}aijt}rèo ijt`q`tp è Zw`t{mrcied hr iep htlmr jh}etrp ,Irt`jcm 1,2))%99

% _l`jl èjc}dmz biefehtmz# jhèz# ghemp girfmt eztr}gmetz# ahrmòe m|jlieom ied

~rmj h}z gmticz%

99% Emw ~rhq`z`hez è rmz~mjt ha tlm rmy}`rmgmetz th fmm~ hwemrzl`~ èahrgit`he èrmz~mjt ha dhg`j`cìrp jhg~ie`mz wmrm etrhd}jmd he 9 Kie}irp 2>99% Zmm a}rtlmr

~iriori~l 14%


19/107


@ETRHD]JT@HE 9?

:?% I aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp ijtz è i ~rhamzz`heic ji~ij`tp à it

cmizt hem ha tlm ahcchwèo jhed`t`hez `z gmt ,irt%?# Hrdheeiejm z}r cijt`q`tdètmrgdì`rm aèiej`mr m|mrjm t`trm ~rhamzz`heemc);

omemritm orhzz ~rha`tz ha ghrm tlie JLA 2> >>> ,M]R 9= 1>>) è ijicmedir pmir6

mztibc`zl b}zèmzz rmcit`hezl`~z ha wlitmqmr fèd w`tl ghrm tlie 2>jc`metz d}rèo tlm jicmedir pmir# hr giètiè it cmizt 2> z}jl rmcit`he'zl`~z è tlit ~mr`hd6

it iep o`qme t`gm# liz tlm d`z~hz`t`qm ~hwmr ha }ec`g`tmd d}rit`he hqmrizzmtz w`tl i qic}m è m|jmzz ha JLA = g`cc`he ,M]R :%0 g`cc`he)6 hr

meoiom è triezijt`hez w`tl i thtic qic}m è m|jmzz ha JLA 2 g`cc`he,M]R 9%=1 g`cc`he) d}rèo tlm jicmedir pmir%

:9>% @t w`cc bm rm~cijmd bp i ciw he idgè`ztrit`qm izz`ztiejm ahrti| ~}r~hzmz wl`jl `z iet`j`~itmd th tifm maamjt è 2>9:% @e Kie}irp 2>99# idriat ha tl`z ciw wiz ~}bc`zlmd bp Zw`t{mrcied ied z h~me ahr ~}bc`j jhez}c'tit`he }et`c I~r`c 2>99% Tlm driat `z d`zj}zzmd br`macp è îrt B ha tl`z rm~hrt%

92% Tlm 2>>0 AITA ahcchw'}~ rm~hrt he Zw`t{mrcied ehtmd tlit tlmrm wmrm j}rrmetcp

99 HIRz ohqmreèo aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr`mz è tlm ehe'biefèo zmjthr%


20/107


9< @ETRHD]JT@HE

42% @e Ambr}irp 2>99# Zw`t{mrciedz Amdmric Dm~irtgmet ha Aèiejm ~}b'

c`jcp dmjcirmd9: tlit Zw`t{mrcied ètmr~rmtz icc trmit`mz wl`jl èjc}dmd i emwMH@ ~rhq`z he z`g`cir th Irt`jcm 21 ha tlm HMJD Ghdmc Ti| Jheqmet`he ,20z}jl trmit`mz zòemd th ditm) è z}jl i wip tlit tlm èahrgit`he w`cc iczh bmo`qme wlmrm tlm ~mrzhe }edmr èqmztòit`he `z `dmetà`md bp htlmr gmiez tlieeigm ied iddrmzz hr wlmrm tlm rmy}mztèo Ztitm dhmz eht fehw tlm eigm iediddrmzz ha tlm lhcdmr ha tlm eahrgit`he% Lhwmqmr a`zlèo m|~md`t`hez rmgiè~rhl`b`tmd%

9:% Tlm ~rmzz rmcmizm# icheo w`tl a}rtlmr èahrgit`he jhetièmd è i Biz`j @eahrgit`he

br`ma# `z iqi`cibcm it tlm Dm~irtgmetz wmbz tm; www%mad%idgè%jl


21/107


JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE 90

Jhg~cìejm w`tl tlm Ztiedirdz

I% Iqi`cib`c`tp ha @eahrgit`he

Hqmrq`mw

4:% Maamjt`qm m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he rmy}`rmz tlm iqi`cib`c`tp ha rmcìbcmèahrgit`he% @e ~irt`j}cir# `t rmy}`rmz èahrgit`he he tlm `dmet`tp ha hwemrzied htlmr ztifmlhcdmrz iz wmcc iz èahrgit`he he tlm triezijt`hez jirr`md h}tbp met`t`mz ied htlmr hroie`zit`heic ztr}jt}rmz% Z}jl èahrgit`he gip bm fm~tahr ti|# rmo}cithrp# jhggmrjìc hr htlmr rmizhez% @a tlm èahrgit`he `z ehtfm~t hr `t `z eht giètièmd ahr i rmizheibcm ~mr`hd ha t`gm# i k}r`zd`jt`hez

jhg~mtmet i}tlhr`tp gip eht bm ibcm th hbtiè ied ~rhq`dm `t wlme rmy}mztmd%Tl`z zmjt`he ha tlm rm~hrt izzmzzmz tlm idmy}ijp ha Zw`t{mrciedz cmoic iedrmo}cithrp arigmwhrf he iqi`cib c`tp ha èahrgit`he%

44% @e Zw`t{mrcied# icc met`t`mz ejc}dèo ahrm oe'èjhr~hritm met`t`mz# wl`jlirm jirrpèo he jhggmrjìc ijt`q`t`mz è Zw`t{mrcied# irm rmy}`rmd th rmo`ztmr ètlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztmr% Tlm cmoic ied rmo}cithrp arigmwhrf ohqmreèo tlmJhggmrjìc Rmo`ztmr mztibc`zlmz giep ha tlm rmcmqiet hwemrzl`~ ied ijjh}etèohbcòit`hez }edmr Zw`zz ciw% Lhwmqmr ahr ahrmòe met`t`mz# tlmzm rmy}`rmgmetz dheht jcmircp rmy}`rm tlit hwemrzl`~ èahrgit`he `z fm~t# ied jmrtiè tp~mz ha Zw`zzjhg~ie`mz gip zt`cc `zz}m bmirmr zlirmz% @e rmz~mjt ha tr}ztz# Zw`t{mrcied `z izòeithrp th tlm Lio}m Jheqmet`he he tr}ztz ied `t `z èjhr~hritmd èth tlm Zw`zzètmreit`heic ~r`qitm ciw% Tl}z# wl`czt tr}ztz gip eht bm jrmitmd }edmr Zw`zzciw# tr}ztmmz rmz`dmet è Zw`t{mrcied w`cc bm z}bkmjt th tlm ciwz ha tlm k}r`zd`jt`he

wl`jl ohqmrez tlm tr}zt# ied ahr tr}ztmmz tlmrm irm idd`t`heic `dmet`tp èahrgit`hehbcòit`hez mztibc`zlmd bp Zw`zz ti| ied iet`'ghemp ci}edmrèo ciwz


22/107


2> JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE

4=% Hqmricc# Zw`t{mrcied liz i emtwhrf ha ètmrzmjtèo ciwz th mez}rm# è

ghzt èztiejmz# tlm iqi`cib`c`tp ha hwemrzl`~ ied `dmet`tp èahrgit`he rmcitèoth rmcmqiet jhg~ie`mz# ~irtemrzl`~z# tr}ztz ied ah}edit`hez% Tlmzm hbcòit`hezir`zm arhg ciwz ied hrdèiejmz èjc}dèo tlm j`q`c jhdm# jhggmrjìc jhdm#ti| ciwz# ied tlm IGC(JAT rmo`gm% Tlm mcmgmet jhejmreèo hwemrzl`~ ied`dmet`tp eahrgit`he ,I9) z dmtmrgèmd th eht bm e ~cijm w`tl rmjhggmedi't`hez è rmz~mjt ha ahrmòe met`t`mz ied bmirmr zlirmz# ahr wl`jl hwemrzl`~èahrgit`he `z eht icwipz rmy}`rmd th bm fm~t%

41% Z`g`cir th hwemrzl`~ èahrgit`he# hbcòit`hez th giètiè rmcmqietijjh}etèo rmjhrdz ztmg arhg i e}gbmr ha dàamrmet ciwz% @e z}g# tl`z cmoicarigmwhrf mez}rmz ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz w`cc bm fm~t ahr i gè`g}g = pmir~mr`hd ahr icc rmcmqiet met`t`mz ied irrieomgmetz ied tlm mcmgmet ,I2) `zdmtmrgèmd th bm è ~cijm% @e rmz~mjt ha biefèo èahrgit`he# tlm mcmgmet,I:) `z iczh ah}ed th bm è ~cijm%

I%9% Hwemrzl`~ ied `dmet`tp èahrgit`he

K}r`zd`jt`hez zlh}cd mez}rm tlit hwemrzl`~ ied `dmet`tp èahrgit`he ahr icc rmcmqiet

met`t`mz ied irrieomgmetz `z iqi`cibcm th tlm`r jhg~mtmet i}tlhr`t`mz%

4?% Zw`zz ciw d`ztèo}`zlmz bmtwmme zhj`tz dm ~mrzheemz ,metrm~r`zmèd`q`d}mccm# zhj`t me jhggied`tm mt zhj`t me ehg jhccmjtà) ied zhj`tzdm ji~`ti}| ,ahr m|ig~cm#zhj`tz iehepgmz ied zhj`tz rmz~hezib`c`tc`g`tm)% Tlm ghzt `g~hrtiet ied ~h~}cir ahrg ha cmoic met`tp è Zw`t{mrcied`z tlm ZI# ahcchwmd bp tlm ZIRC%

4


23/107



Jhg~ie`mz ,ThR I%9%9)

=>% ]edmr Zw`zz ciw# tlm ahcchwèo tp~mz ha jhg~ie`mz gip bm jrmitmd;

zhj`t iehepgm ZI

zhj`t rmz~hezib`c`t c`g`t ZIRC

zhj`t me jhggied`tm ~ir ijt`hez ZJI

èqmztgmet jhg~ie`mz; Tlm Zw`zz Amdmric Ijt he Jhccmjt`qm Ji~`tic@eqmztgmetz ,C^JJ Ch` adricm d} 2: k}è 2>>1 z}r cmz ~cijmgmetzjhccmjtàz dm ji~`ti}|) rmo}citmz tlrmm ahrgz ha cmoic met`t`mz ahr jhc'cmjt`qm èqmztgmet a}edz;

' zhj`t dèqmzt`zzmgmet ji~`tic qirìbcm Z@JIQ

' zhj`t dèqmzt`zzmgmet ji~`tic a`|m Z@JIA

' zhj`t me jhggied tm dm ~cijmgmetz jhccmjt az ZJ^J;9= ohq'mremd bp tlm zigm ciw iz Z@JIQz ied Z@JIAz%

' Zhj`t Iehepgm ,ZI)

=9% Tlm ZI `z i zm~iritm cmoic met`tp arhg `tz gmgbmrz# w`tl `tz ji~`tic,gè`g}g JLA 9>> >>> hr M]R ?< >>>) z}bd`q`dmd èth zlirmz ied mijlhwemrz cìb`c`tp c`g`tmd th tlm`r jhetr`b}t`he% It cmizt hem ~mrzhe i}tlhr`zmdth rm~rmzmet tlm jhg~iep ,i bhird gmgbmr hr gieiomr) g}zt liqm l`z dhg`'j`cm è Zw t{mrcied% Zlirmz gip bm `zz}md è m`tlmr bmirmr hr ehgèic ahrg,irt% 122# ic% 9# JH)% Ie ZI g}zt bm rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp#~rhq`dèo tlm`r irt`jcmz ha èjhr~hrit`he èjc}dèo tlm eigm ied iddrmzz hatlm ah}edèo zlirmlhcdmrz hr tlm`r rm~rmzmetit`qmz# iz wmcc iz tlm eigmz ha

tlm d`rmjthrz% Tlmrm `z eh rmy}`rmgmet th idq`zm tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp hajlieomz th tlm hròèic# ah}edèo zlirmlhcdmrz%

=2% Lhwmqmr# e rmz~mjt ha ehgèic zlirmz# mijl ZI g}zt giètiè i rmo`z'tmr ha tlhzm zlirmlhcdmrz wl`jl ejc}dmz tlm eigm ied iddrmzz ha tlm cmoic hwemrha tlm zlirm# ied iep ~mrzhe lhcdèo i bmema`jìc etmrmzt e tlm zlirm ,irt% 1


24/107


22 JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE

Zhj`t rmz~hezib`c`t c`g`tm ,ZIRC)

=:% Iatmr tlm ZI# tlm ZIRC `z tlm ghzt jhgghe cmoic ahrg ha b}z`'emzzmz è Zw`t{mrcied% @t `z i zm~iritm cmoic met`tp wl`jl g}zt liqm i gè`'g}g tlrmm gmgbmrz it jrmit`he# b}t ahcchwèo jrmit`he `z hecp rmy}`rmd thliqm i gè`g}g ha hem gmgbmr ,irt% ??=# JH)% Gmgbmrz irm rmamrrmd th iz~irtemrz ,izzhj`)% Tlm gè`g}g zlirm ji~ tic ha i ZIRC `z JLA 2> >>>,M]R 9= 1>>) ied mijl hwemrz cìb`c`tp `z è ~rèj`~cm c`g`tmd th tlm`r jhe'tr`b}t`he ,irt% ?0=# JH)% It cmizt hem ~mrzhe mg~chpmd e i bhdp ha tlm ZIRC,m%o% i gieiomr) g}zt bm dhg`j`cmd è Zw`t{mrcied# ied tlmrm `z eh bhird had`rmjthrz% I ZIRC g}zt bm rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrj ic Rmo`ztrp# ~rhq`d'èo èahrgit`he èjc}dèo `tz irt`jcmz ha èjhr~hrit`he èjc}dèo tlm eigm#iddrmzz ied eit`heic`tp ha icc ah}edèo gmgbmrz iz wmcc iz tlm e}gbmr iedehgèic qic}m ha tlm zlirm ,~irt zhjìcm z`g`cir th i zlirm91) lmcd bp mijlgmgbmrz ,irt%?:,9)# HRJ)% I ZIRC gip eht `zz}m bmirmr zlirmz# ied g}zt

rmo`ztmr icc triezamrz ha zlirmz è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp ,irt% ,9)# JH) èd`jitèo tlm eigm ied iddrmzz ha mijl gmgbmr ied tlm e}gbmr#qic}m ied jitmohrp ha ètmrmzt lmcd% Tlm rmo`ztmr iczh jhetièz tlm eigmz iediddrmzzmz ha bmema`jìr`mz ied iep jrmd`thrz lhcdèo jliromz hqmr tlm ZIRC%@e idd`t`he# mijl ZIRC g}zt ~rhq`dm }~'th'ditm eahrgit`he he tz gmgbmrzth tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztmr èd`jitèo tlm eigm# dhg`j`cm ied ~cijm ha hròè,eit`heic`tp è rmz~mjt ha ehe'Zw`zz gmgbmrz)# iz wmcc iz tlm`r hwemrzl`~ètmrmzt è tlm jhg~iep ,irt% ?:,9)# 990# HRJ6 irt% 0:?# JH)%

Zhj`t me jhggied`tm ~ir ijt`hez ,ZJI)

==% Ie ZJI `z ie met`tp c`g`tmd bp zlirmz# wl`jl jhgbèmz tlm jlirij'tmr`zt`jz ha bhtl tlm c`g`tmd jhg~iep ,ZI) ied tlm c`g`tmd ~irtemrzl`~ ,ZJ)%Ie ZJI liz i zm~iritm cmoic ~mrzheic tp arhg `tz gmgbmrz# lhwmqmr# hem hrghrm ha `tz gmgbmrz g}zt liqm }ec`g`tmd cìb`c`tp ahr tlm jhg~iepz dmbtz% IeZJI g}zt bm rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp ied ~rhq`dm `tz irt`jcmzha èjhr~hrit`he jhetièèo èahrgit`he he `tz ah}edèo gmgbmrz hr tlm`rrm~rmzmetit`qmz# iz wmcc iz tlm eigm ied iddrmzz ha gmgbmrz w`tl }ec`g`tmdcìb`c`tp% Tlmrm `z eh rmy}`rmgmet th ~rhq`dm dmet`tp hr hwemrzl`~ èahrgit`hehe ~izz`qm gmgbmrz ,jhggied`ti`rmz)# bmèo tlhzm w`tl c`g`tmd cìb`c`tp%

=1% Tlm r}cmz rmcitèo th ie ZI# ejc}dèo tlm rmy}`rmgmet th giètiè i rmo'`ztmr ha zlirmlhcdmrz# i~~cp th i ZJI g}tit`z g}tied`z ,irt% ?14,2)# JH) iz wmcciz tlm ib`c`tp lhcd ehgèit`qm hr bmirmr zlirmz ,irt% 122# JH) iz ètmrgmdìtmdzmj}r`t`mz ,t`trmz ètmrgmd`z) ,zmm a}rtlmr ~iriori~l ?:)% Lhwmqmr wlmrm ie

91% I ~irt zhjìc `z z`g`cir th i zlirm# b}t tlm tmrg rmamrz z~mjà`jiccp th zlirmzwl`jl gip eht bm armmcp tridmd he ie hroie`zmd zthjf girfmt%


25/107


JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE 2:

ZJIz ji~`tic `z d`q`dmd èth ~irtz wl`jl dh eht tifm tlm ahrg ha zlirmz b}t wl`jl

irm jrmitmd }e`y}mcp th dmtmrgèm tlm hwemrzl`~ ~rh~hrt`hez bmtwmme gmgbmrz, %m% irm ghrm z`g`cir th i ~irtemrz zlirm e i ~irtemrzl`~)# tlme tlm r}cmz ha ie ZJi~~cp ,irt% ?14,:)# JH)% @e tlit jizm# mijl gmgbmr `z rmz~hez`bcm ahr mez}rèo tlmZJI `z rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp ,irt% =04,:)# JH)# wl`jl èjc}dm ie}~'th'ditm c`zt ha mijl ha tlm ~irtemrz ,irt% 49,2),a) ied ,o)# HRJ)%

@eqmztgmet jhg~ie`mz

=?% Tlm C^JJ9? ohqmrez jhccmjt`qm èqmztgmet qml`jcmz ,J@Qz) rmoirdcmzzha tlm`r cmoic ahrg ,irt% 2,9)# C^JJ)%9< @t rmy}`rmz tlit wlhmqmr idgè`ztmrzjhccmjt`qm èqmztgmetz g}zt bm i}tlhr`zmd bp A@EGI%90 @e idd`t`he th tlmtp~mz ha met`t`mz `dmetà`md mczmwlmrm è tl`z rm~hrt# i J@Q gip tifm tlm ahrgha i Z@JIQ# Z@JIA hr ZJ^J wlhzm ahrgit`he `z z~mjà`jiccp ~rhq`dmd ahr è

tlm C^JJ%2>

Tlmzm tlrmm tp~mz ha J@Qz irm icc d`rmjtcp z}bkmjt th tlm rmy}`rm'gmetz ha tlm IGC rmo`gm ,irt% 2,bb`z)# IGCI)% _l`czt J@Qz è htlmr cmoicahrgz ,z}jl iz ZIz hr ZJIz) irm eht d`rmjtcp z}bkmjt th tlm IGC rmo`gm# i~mrzhe wlh `z i aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp ijtèo è i ~rhamzz`heic ji~ij`tp wlhjirr`mz he i b}zèmzz ha izzmt gieiomgmet# gifèo èqmztgmetz# hr lhcdèohr gieioèo zmj}r`t`mz `z z}bkmjt th tlm IGC rmo`gm ,irt%2,:),m'o)# IGCI)%Rmcmqiet hwemrzl`~ ied `dmet`tp rmy}`rmgmetz }edmr tlm IGC rmo`gm irmdmzjr`bmd è ~iriori~l %

,`) Zhj`t dèqmzt`zzmgmet ji~`tic qirìbcm ,Z@JIQ)

=% Ahr Z@JIQz# zmm irt% :16 Z@JIAz# irt% 99>6 ied ZJ^Jz# irt% 0< ha tlm C^JJ%

29% Irt% 49 ha tlm C^JJ dmaèmz tlm ròltz ied hbcòit`hez ha metrm~rmem}rìc zlirm'lhcdmrz% Irt% 9> dhmz tlm zigm ahr i y}icà`md èqmzthr wl`czt Zmjt`he : ha

tlm C^JJ ,irt% ?< ied ahcchwèo) jhqmrz tlm ròltz ied hbcòit`hez ha èqmzthrz


26/107



jhetr`b}tm ji~`tic th mztibc`zl tlm met`tp ,gè`g}g ji~`tic ha JLA 2=> >>># hr

M]R 90= >>># th mztibc`zl i Z@JIQ)# wl`czt èqmzthr zlirmz irm jhg~iribcm th}e`tz è ie èqmztgmet tr}zt a}ed% I Z@JIQ `z trmitmd iz triez~irmet ahr Zw`zzti| ~}r~hzmz ied ti|it`he z i~~c`md m|jc}z`qmcp ied d`rmjtcp th tlm eqmzthrz%Tlm gè`g}g ji~`tic }~he ahrgit`he `z JLA 2=> >>> ,M]R 90= >>>) wl`jl`z ~i`d bp tlm metrm~rmem}rìc zlirmlhcdmrz% Tlm Z@JIQ gip `zz}m èqmzthrzlirmz th tlm èqmzthr zlirmlhcdmrz ioièzt ~ipgmet ha ji~`tic jhetr`b}t`hez%

=0% Tlm r}cmz rmoirdèo tlm mztibc`zlgmet ha ie ZI i~~cp th i Z@JIQ%Ijjhrdèocp# `t g}zt bm rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp# ied ~rhq`dm`tz irt`jcmz ha èjhr~hrit`he èjc}dèo tlm eigm ied iddrmzz ha `tz ah}edèogmgbmrz hr tlm`r rm~rmzmetit`qmz# ictlh}ol iz w`tl ZIz# tlmrm `z eh rmy}`rm'gmet th ehtàp ha citmr jlieomz th gmgbmrz%22 Lhwmqmr# i Z@JIQ `z rmy}`rmdth giètiè ie }~ th ditm rmo`ztmr jhetièèo tlm eigm ied iddrmzz ha mijlmetrm~rmem}rìc zlirmlhcdmr ied ha mijl èqmzthr ehgèit`qm zlirmlhcdmr%

Tl`z w`cc eht ejc}dm dmet`tp eahrgit`he rmcitèo th hwemrz ha bmirmr zlirmzwlmrm tlm Z@JIQ `z è tlm ahrg ha ie ZI hr ZJI%

,``) Zhj`t dèqmzt`zzmgmet ji~`tic a`|m ,Z@JIA)

1>% I Z@JIA `z i jchzmd'medmd , %m% zlirm ji~`tic `z a`|md) èqmztgmet jhg'~iep ,irt%99># C^JJ)# ied tlm ciwz i~~c`jibcm th ie ZI i~~cp th i Z@JIA è tlmibzmejm ha iep jhetrirp rmy}`rmgmetz e tlm C^JJ ,irt% 992# C^JJ)% Ijjhrdèocp#tlm Z@JIA g}zt bm rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp# ~rhq`dèo `tz irt`jcmzha èjhr~hrit`he èjc}dèo tlm eigmz ied iddrmzzmz ha `tz ah}edèo zlirmlhcdmrz#hr tlm`r rm~rmzmetit`qmz% @e idd`t`he# i Z@JIA g}zt giètiè ie }~ th ditm rmo`ztmrha ehgèit`qm zlirmlhcdmrz2: èjc}dèo tlm`r eigmz ied iddrmzzmz% Tl`z w`cc ehtèjc}dm dmet`tp eahrgit`he rmcitèo th hwemrz ha bmirmr zlirmz wlmrm tlm Z@JIA

`z è tlm ahrg ha ie ZI hr ZJI% Tlm Z@JIA# }ec`fm tlm Z@JIQ# `z eht ti|md he i~izz'tlrh}ol biz`z b}t z z}bkmjt th èjhgm ti| iz i zm~iritm met`tp e `tz hwe r oltied `t `z eht d`q`dmd èth metrm~rmem}rìc ied èqmzthr zlirmlhcdmrz%

,```) Zhj`t me jhggied`tm dm ~cijmgmetz jhccmjtàz ,ZJ^J)

19% Ie ZJ^J z i cmoic ahrg }zmd ~rmdhgèietcp ahr ~rhq`dèo r`zf ji~`ticied gip hecp liqm c`g`tmd ~irtemrz# jhggied`ti`rmz# wlh irm y}icà`md

,wl`jl ahr ehe'c`ztmd jhg~ie`mz# gip bm c`g`tmd th y}icà`md èqmzthrz; irt% 4>#

w`tl i y}icà`md èqmzthr dmaèmd è irt% 9>,:))% Tlm zlirmz ha ie metrm~rmem}rìczlirmlhcdmr g}zt bm lmcd ehgèit`qmcp ,irt% 4>)%

22% A}rtlmr# irt`jcm 42 ha tlm C^JJ z~mj a`jiccp ~rhq`dmz tlit ahcchwèo tlm `zz}m ha emw

zlirmz hr rm'~}rjlizm ha zlirmz# eh ehtà`jit`he th tlm ezjr`~t`he e tlm RJ z rmy}`rmd%2:% Ahr Z@JIAz# tlmrm z eh d`q`z he ha zlirmlhcdmrz èth metrm~rmem}rìc zlirmlhcd'

mrz# ied èqmzthr zlirmlhcdmrz%


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE 2=

`eqmzthrz24 ,irt% 0:'9>0%


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rmo`gmz rmy}`rmgmetz% _l`czt e omemric ,zmm ~iriori~l


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE 2?

99:,9),i) ied ,b)# HRJ)# wl`jl gip jhetiè tlm eigm ha tlm hwemrz ha tlm ahr'

mòe met`tp% Lhwmqmr# tlmrm `z eh m|~rmzz rmy}`rmgmet ahr èahrgit`he rmcitèoth tlm hwemrzl`~ ha tlm ahrmòe met`tp th bm èjc}dmd% Tlm ti| ciw hbcòit`hezdmzjr`bmd è ~iriori~l ?1 w`cc i~~cp th ahrm oe met`t`mz wlmrm tlmp liqm iemjhehg`j cèf th Zw`t{mrcied b}t z`g`circp tl`z dhmz eht èjc}dm ie hbcòit`heth d`zjchzm icc rmcmqiet hwemrzl`~ èahrgit`he%

1?% @e z}g tlmrmahrm# i ahrmòe èjhr~hritmd jhg~iep wl`jl liz `tz maamj't`qm gieiomgmet è Zw`t{mrcied tlit o`qmz r`zm th i ~mrgiemet mztibc`zlgmet#`z eht z}bkmjt th jhg~rmlmez`qm rmy}`rmgmetz th giètiè icc rmcmqiet hwemr'zl`~ èahrgit`he%

Ehgèmmz

1 lm `zz}bkmjt th tlm IGC rmo`gm% Tl`z w`cc èjc}dm tlm hwemrzl`~ ied `dmet`tpèahrgit he rmy}`rmgmetz dmzjr`bmd è ~iriori~l % Zmm ~iriori~l :1 e tlm @etrhd}jt he%


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2< JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE

?9% I tp~m ha a`d}jìrp rmcit`hezl`~ `z tlm trm}lied# wl`jl `z i rmcit`he'

zl`~ bizmd he jhetrijt ciw# }edmr wl`jl hem ~mrzhe iormmz th lhcd tlm cmoict`tcm th izzmtz ahr tlm mjhehg`j bmema`t ha iehtlmr ~mrzhe% Tlm cmoic ied rmo}'cithrp arigmwhrf dmzjr`bmd ibhqm ahr ehgèmmz# w`cc iczh i~~cp th trm}liedrmcit`hezl`~z%

?2% @e z}g tlmrmahrm# è ghzt jizmz tlm ehgèmm jhetrijt w`cc bm è wr`tèo#ied a}rtlmr# iz i gittmr ha ~rijt`jm# tlm ehgèmm w`cc fehw tlm ~mrzhe ahr wlhglm ijtz ,è hrdmr# ahr eztiejm# th bm ibcm th tifm èztr}jt`hez arhg tlmg)% @e idd`'t`he# th iqh`d ti| hbcòit`hez è rmz~mjt ha tlm izzmtz# tlm ehgèmm g}zt bm ibcm th~rhd}jm i jhetrijt wl jl ejc}dmz tlm eigm ied iddrmzz ha tlm ~mrzhe ahr wlhgtlmp ijt% Aèiccp# Zw`t{mrcied liz idq`zmd tlit ghzt ~rhamzz`heic ehgèmmz irmiczh jirrpèo h}t idd`t`heic aèiejìc ijt`q`t`mz ahr tlm jc`met z}jl iz lhcdèo tlmzlirm jmrtà`jitmz# ied iz i rmz}ct w`cc bm z}bkmjt th tlm IGC rmo`gm wl`jl gmmtztlm dmet tp eahrgit`he rmy}`rmgmetz ha tlm ztiedird% Iz hecp i c`g`tmd e}gbmr

ha ehgèmmz wh}cd aicc h}tz`dm tlm z}g ha tlmzm hbcòit`hez# Zw`t{mrciedzi}tlhr`t`mz jhez`dmr tlit tl`z m|jm~t`he `z eirrhw ied dhmz eht ~rmqmet maamjt`qmMH@% Tlm m|~cieit`hez o`qme bp Zw`t{mrcied ibh}t tlm ~rijt`jic i~~c`jit`he ha tlmr}cmz ied tlm`r g~ijt he MH@ w`cc bm rmq`mwmd e lizm 2 ha tlm rmq`mw ~rhjmzz%

?:% D`ztèjt b}t z`g`cir th i ehgèmm rmcit`hezl`~ irm tlm r}cmz ohqmreèoètmrgmdìtmd zmj}r`t`mz ,t`trmz ètmrgmd`z)# wl`jl gip bm `zz}md bp ZIzhr ZJIz ,irt% 122,9)# JH)# ied wl`jl irm ohqmremd bp tlmCh` adricm d} :hjthbrm 2>>< z}r cmz t`trmz ètmrgd`z ,CT@)% @etmrgmdìtmd zmj}r`t`mz# wl`jlgip bm m`tlmr ehgèit`qm hr th bmirmr# irm zmj}r`t`mz wl`jl irm dm~hz`tmd bptlm t`tcmlhcdmr th tlm jrmd`t ha ie ijjh}et gieiomd bp i dm~hz`thrp ,`%m% iomet)è tlm eigm ha tlm t`tcmlhcdmr ,irt% :# CT@) he bmlica ha tlm t`tcmlhcdmr ,t`t}'ci`rm)% Tlm t`tcmlhcdmr ha ie ijjh}et `z dmaèmd iz tlm ~mrzhe è wlhzm eigmtlm dm~hz`thr giètièz tlm ijjh}et%

?4% Ghrmhqmr# hecp jmrtiè tp~mz ha ~mrzhez gip ijt iz dm~hz`thr`mz èrmz~mjt ha etmrgmdìtmd zmj}r`t`mz ,irt% 4,2)# CT@)# wl`jl ejc}dm;

biefz6

zmj}r`t`mz tridmrz6 ied

èqmztgmet a}ed gieiomrz# th tlm m|tmet tlit tlmp lhcd zlirm ijjh}etzahr jc`metz%

?=% @e omemric# dm~hz`thr`mz w`cc bm z}bkmjt th tlm IGC rmo`gmz hbcòi't`hez th giètiè j}zthgmr `dmet`tp èahrgit`he dmzjr`bmd e ~iriori~l %:9

:9% Dm~hz`thr`mz gip iczh èjc}dm tlm Zw`zz Eit`heic Bief wl`jl `z eht z}bkmjt th

Zw`t{mrciedz IGC rmo`gm% Tlm ijjh}etz ha tlm Zw`zz Eit`heic Bief irm h~mehecp th htlmr biefz# th tlm Amdmric Ohqmregmet ied jietheic idgè`ztrit`hez# th

jmrtiè ztitm'hwemd met`t`mz ied th tlm biefz hwe mg~chpmmz%


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Ti| ciw

?1% Tlm ahcchwèo ~mrzhez w`cc bm z}bkmjt th ti| }edmr tlm amdmric d`rmjtti| ciw ,C@AD);

Eit}ric ~mrzhez ,~mrzheemz ~lpz`y}mz) wlh liqm m`tlmr i ~mrzheichr mjhehg`j cèf th Zw`t{mrcied ,irt`jcmz :'4# C@AD):2 hr wlh zit`zapm`tlmr jr`tmrì ,irt`jcm =) èjc}dèo jirrp he ie ijt`q`tp ahr ~rha`t èZw`t{mrcied ,irt`jcm =# C@AD)%

Cmoic ~mrzhez ,~mrzheemz ghricmz)# tlit `z zhj`mt`mz dm ji~`ti}|#::

zhj`mt`mz jhh~mrit`qmz# izzhjìt`hez# ah}edit`hez ied htlmr cmoic ~mr'zhez# wl`jl liqm i ~mrzheic ,irt% =># C@AD):4 hr mjhehg`j ,irt% =9#C@AD):= cèf th Zw`t{mrcied%

??% Ahr met t`mz ied irrieomgmetz trmitmd iz zm~iritm cmoic met t mz arhgtlm`r gmgbmrz ahr ti| ~}r~hzmz wl`jl irm rmy}`rmd th a`cm i ti| rmt}re è

Zw`t{mrcied# tlm ti| rmt}re w`cc èjc}dm zhgm hwemrzl`~ èahrgit`he z}jl izèahrgit`he jhejmreèo triezijt`hez w`tl hr jhg~mezit`he ~i`d th i gmgbmr#hr tlm eigmz ha tlm gmgbmrz ha jhg~ie`mz tlit ~r`gir`cp lhcd rmic mztitm%Lhwmqmr# tlmrm `z eh omemric hbcòit`he th èjc}dm jhg~rmlmez`qm hwemr'zl`~ èahrgit`he he tlm met`tp hr irrieomgmet è `tz ti| rmt}re% I ahrmòejhg~iep tlit liz `tz maamjt`qm gieiomgmet# hr i ~mrgiemet mztibc`zlgmet èZw`t{mrcied w`cc bm rmy}`rmd th a`cm i ti| rmt}re# lhwmqmr# tlm ti| rmt}re dhmzeht ejc}dm jhg~rmlmez`qm hwemrzl`~ eahrgit`he he tlm jhg~iep%

Aèiejìc @etmrgmdìr`mz ied tlm iet`'ghemp ci}edmrèo rmo`gm

? Hjthbmr 900?)%


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:> JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE

^mrzhez z}bkmjt th tlm rmo`gm ,zmm ~iriori~l :=) irm dmzjr`bmd iz aèiejìc

ètmrgmdìr`mz ied g}zt jirrp h}t tlm jc`met `dmet`tp gmiz}rmz zmt h}t bmchw%

?0% Tlm ~rèj`~cm rmo}cithrp bhdp ahr IGC rmy}`rmgmetz `z A@EGI wlhw`cc iczh `zz}m rmo}cit`hez mztibc`zlèo tlm z~mjà`j hbcòit`hez th `g~cmgmettlm omemric rmy}`rmgmetz dmzjr`bmd è tlm IGCI% Aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr`mzè tlm biefèo zmjthr ,biefz# zmj}r`t`mz dmicmrz# jhccmjt`qm èqmztgmet a}edz)g}zt icc hbtiè i}tlhr`zit`he d`rmjtcp arhg A@EGI bmahrm jhggmejèo tlm`rijt`q`t`mz# ied irm rmo}citmd ied hqmrzmme bp A@EGI% Tl`z `z iczh tlm jizmahr tlm èz}riejm èd}ztrp ,càm# digiomz ied rmèz}riejm)% Htlmr aèiejìcètmrgmdìr`mz eht ~irt ha tlm biefèo hr èz}riejm zmjthrz irm rmy}`rmd thm`tlmr hbtiè i}tlhr`zit`he arhg A@EGI# hr bm iaa`cìtmd th i zmca'rmo}citèohroie`zit`he ,ZRH)% Mijl ZRH z tzmca z}bkmjt th A@EGI rmo}cit`he ,irt% 9>>%


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE :9

Jli~tmr 4 ha tlm HBI'A@EGI dmti`cz tlm z~mjà`j rmy}`rmgmetz ahr jhg~c`'

iejm w`tl irt`jcmz : ied 4 ha tlm IGCI% Ahr biefz tlm Hrdèiejm dmjcirmztlm rmo}cit`hez ha tlm Iormmgmet he tlm Zw`zz biefz jhdm ha jhed}jt w`tlrmoird th tlm m|mrj`zm ha d}m d`còmejm ,JDB >

ha tlm rmo}cit`hez ha hem ha tlm zmca'rmo}citèo bhd`mz ,HIRz)# tlm Zw`zzIzzhjìt`he ahr ^r`qitm _mictl Gieiomrz ,IZO)%

49% @e idd`t`he# e tlm jizm ha èz}riejm jhetrijtz wl`jl irm z}zjm~t`bcm th bmèo rm'

zhcd# tlm èz}riejm èzt`t}t`he g}zt rm'qmràp tlm `dmet`tp ha tlm bmema`jìc hwemrit tlm t`gm ha rm'zmccèo hr jci`g he tlm ~hc`jp# tlm ~rmq`h}zcp `dmetà`md bmema`'

jìc hwemr `z eht tlm ~mrzhe gmet`hemd è tlm rmcmqiet jhetrijt%


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:2 JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE ::

Bmirmr zlirmz ,ThR I%9%2)

09% Bmirmr zlirmz gip bm `zz}md bp ZIz ied ZJIz% Ah}edèo zlirmlhcd'mrz# wlmtlmr lhcdèo ehgèic hr bmirmr zlirmz# g}zt bm `dmetà`md it tlm t`gmtlm jhg~iep `z rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp% Lhwmqmr# tlmrm `z ehhbcòit`he th fmm~ tl`z eahrgit`he }~ th ditm% _lmrm bmirmr zlirmz irm zz}mdiatmr tlm jhg~iep liz bmme rmo`ztmrmd# hr wlmrm ah}edèo zlirmlhcdmrz liqmtriezamrrmd tlm`r bmirmr zlirmz# èahrgit`he jhejmreèo tlm j}rrmet lhcdmr hatlm zlirm `z eht rmy}`rmd th bm giètièmd bp tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztmr hr ètlm jhg~iepz hwe rmo`ztrp%

02% Tlmrm irm jmrtiè j`rj}gztiejmz wlmrm tlm lhcdmr ha i bmirmr zlirm g}ztbm `dmetà`md% Tlm ahcchwèo ciwz gip jrmitm m`tlmr ie hbc oit`he th d`zjchzmbmirmr zlirm hwemrzl`~# hr `g~hzm idqmrzm jhezmy}mejmz he ehe'd`zjchz}rm;

Tlm hbcòit`he th rm~hrt th tlm Zthjf M|jlieom wlmemqmr jmrtiè

tlrmzlhcdz ha hwemrzl`~41 è ~}bc`jcp tridmd jhg~ie`mz irm ~izzmdi~~cp iczh th bmirmr zlirm lhcdmrz ,irt% 2># CBQG)%

Bmema`jìr`mz ,èjc}dèo lhcdmrz ha bmirmr zlirmz) è rmjm`~t haèjhgm# èjc}dèo ehe'rmz`dmetz# irm z}bkmjt th èjhgm ti| }edmrZw`zz ciw ,irtz 2> ,9 cmt% j)# 2> ,9b`z) ied 2>i C@AD) ied tlmrmahrmg}zt jhg~cmtm i ti| dmjcirit`he%

I w`tllhcdèo ti| ,iet j`~ithrp ti|) ha :=- `z `g~hzmd he d`q`dmedz~i`d bp Zw`zz jhg~ie`mz# ied th hbtiè i jrmd`t hr rm`gb}rzmgmet#zlirmlhcdmrz ,wlmtlmr rmz`dmetz hr ehe'rmz`dmetz) g}zt dmjcirm tlm`rzlirm hwemrzl`~ th tlm ti| i}tlhr`t`mz%4?

_lmrm i aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp tlit `z z}bkmjt th tlm IGC rmo`gmgieiomz tlm ~}rjlizm hr triezamr ha z}jl zlirmz# hr giètièz ~hzzmz'z`he ha tlm bmirmr zlirm jmrtà`jitmz# tlm aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp w`ccbm rmy}`rmd th fehw tlm `dmet`tp ,eigm ied iddrmzz) ha tlm lhcdmr,zmm ~iriori~l jhejmreèo tlm rmy}`rmgmetz ha tlm IGC rmo`gm)%

0:% _l`cm hem hr ghrm ha tlmzm r}cmz gip rmy}`rm tlit `dmet`tp èahrgi't`he rmoirdèo tlm lhcdmr ha i bmirmr zlirm bm giètièmd# tlmrm z eh rmy}`rm'gmet è ~cijm th mez}rm z}jl èahrgit`he ahr icc èztiejmz ha bmirmr zlirmz,wl`jl gip hecp bm `zz}md bp ZIz hr ZJIz)%

41% Tlhzm tlrmzlhcdz irm# wlme i zlirmlhcdmrz qhtèo ~hwmr rmijlmz iep ha tlm ahc'

chwèo ~hètz; :# =# 9># 9=# 2># 2=# :: 9(:# =># hr 11 2(:-%

4?% Tlm`r rmz~mjt`qm jietheic ti| i}tlhr`t mz è rmz~mjt ha eit}ric ~mrzhez rmz`dmet eZw`t{mrcied# hr tlm amdmric ti| i}tlhr`tp è rmz~mjt ha cmoic ~mrzhez hr htlmr jhg'

gmrjìc met`t`mz%


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îrtemrzl`~z ,ThR I%9%:)

04% Zw`zz ciw rmjhoe`zmz hrdèirp ~irtemrzl`~z# omemric ~irtemrzl`~z iedc`g`tmd ~irtemrzl`~z# icc ha wl`jl irm ohqmremd bp tlm Jhggmrjìc Jhdm% @eidd`t`he# jhh~mrit`qm zhj`mt`mz ied izzhjìt`hez# wl`jl liqm jlirijtmr`zt`jz habhtl jhg~ie`mz ied ~irtemrzl`~z# irm dmict w`tl è tl`z zmjt`he%

Zhj`t Z`g~cm ,ZZ)

0=% Tlm j`q`c(hrdèirp ~irtemrzl`~ ,irt% =:> mt zmy%# JH) `z i jhetrijt}icizzhjìt`he bmtwmme it cmizt twh ~mrzhez }e`tèo tlm`r maahrtz hr rmzh}rjmz ahri jhgghe ~}r~hzm% @t `z eht i zm~iritm cmoic met`tp ied `z eht rmy}`rmd th rmo`z'tmr è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp% I ~irtemrzl`~ `z hecp ie ZZ wlme t dhmz ehtm|l`b`t iep ha tlm d`ztèjt`qm jlirijtmr`zt`jz ha iep htlmr tp~m ha ~irtemrzl`~ohqmremd bp tlm Jhggmrjìc Jhdm ,irt% =:># ic% 9# JH)% Ijjhrdèocp# wlmemqmr

i ~irtemrzl`~ jirr`mz he i jhggmrjìc ijt`q`tp# wl`jl `z i jlirijtmr`zt`j ha tlm~irtemrzl`~z dmzjr`bmd bmchw# `t w`cc bm z}bkmjt th tlm r}cmz i~~cpèo th tlit tp~mha ~irtemrzl`~% Iz i rmz}ct# ie ZZ `z hatme }zmd ahr ijt`q`t`mz ha i zlhrt d}rit`he hrahr z~mj a`j ~rhkmjtz hecp% Tl`z tp~m ha ~irtemrzl`~ dhmz eht jirrp he b}zèmzz# tjieeht liqm iep èjhgm# jrmd`tz hr dmd}jt`hez ahr ti| ~}r~hzmz ,zmm d`zj}zz`heha ti| ciw rmy}`rmgmetz bmchw)# ied `z eht i c`g`tmd ~irtemrzl`~% Tlmrmahrm tdhmz eht aicc w`tlè tlm ~irtemrzl`~z rmcmqiet th tlm Tmrgz ha Rmamrmejm%

Zhj`t me ehg jhccmjtà ,ZEJ)

01% Tlm ZEJ hr omemric ~irtemrzl`~ ,irt% ==2 mt zmy%# JH) `z ahrgmd bptwh hr ghrm èd`q`d}icz metmrèo èth i jhetrijt ha izzhjìt`he# è hrdmr thh~mritm i jhggmrj ic metmr~r`zm% Ictlh}ol `t jie ijy}`rm ròltz# èj}r cìb`c`'

t`mz# tifm cmoic ijt`he ied bm z}md# tlm omemric ~irtemrzl`~ `z eht è `tzmca icmoic met`tp ied ~irtemrz irm khètcp ied zmqmriccp cìbcm ahr icc tlm dmbtz ha tlm~irtemrzl`~% Mijl ~irtemr ha ie ZEJ `z rmy}`rmd th mez}rm tlm ZEJ `z rmo`z'tmrmd w`tl tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp wl`jl w`cc èjc}dm `tz b}zèmzz eigm iedlmidy}irtmrz iddrmzz# ie }~ditmd c`zt ha mijl ha tlm ~irtemrz ied tlm ~mrzhezdmzòeitmd th rm~rmzmet tlm ZEJ ,irt% ==2# ic% 2# JH6 ied irt% 49,9)# HRJ)%

Zhj`t me jhggied`tm ,ZJ)

0?% Izhj`t me jhggied tm ,ZJ) hr c`g`tmd ~irtemrzl`~ ,irt% =04 mt zmy%#JH) liz hem hr ghrm omemric ~irtemrz# wlh irm ~mrzheiccp cìbcm ahr tlm dmbtzied hbcòit`hez ha tlm ~irtemrzl`~% @e idd`t`he# tlmrm irm c`g`tmd ~irtemrz ,jhg'gied`ti`rmz) wlh liqm c`g`tmd cìb`c`tp ahr tlm dmbtz ied hbcòit`hez ha tlm ZJ%

Hecp èd`q`d}icz gip bm ~irtemrz w`tl }ec`g`tmd cìb`c`tp wlmrmiz ~irtemrzw`tl c`g`tmd cìb`c`tp gip iczh bm cmoic met`t`mz# ahr m|ig~cm jhr~hrit`hez% Zèjmtlm c`g`tmd ~irtemrzl`~ `z dmr`qmd arhg tlm omemric ~irtemrzl`~# tlm`r htlmr


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE :=

jlirijtmr`zt`jz z}jl iz ròltz ied d}t`mz# mtj% irm tlm zigm iz dmzjr`bmd ahr tlm

omemric ~irtemrzl`~% Mijl ~irtemr ha ie ZJ `z rmz~hez`bcm ahr mez}rèo tlm ZJ`z rmo`ztmrmd è tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp ,irt% =04,:)# JH)# wl`jl g}zt èjc}dmie }~ditmd c`zt mijl ha tlm ~irtemrz ,irt% 49,2),a) ied ,o)# HRJ)%

Zhj`t jhh~mrit`qm

09% îrtemrzl`~z wl`jl meoiom i aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp w`cc iczh bm z}b'kmjt th tlm hwemrzl`~ ied `dmet`tp rmy}`rmgmetz jirr`md h}t bp tlm aèiejìcètmrgmdìrp ied dmzjr`bmd e ~iriori~l ibhqm%

Tr}ztz ,ThR I%9%4)

9>2% _l`cm Zw`zz ciw dhmz eht icchw ahr tlm jrmit`he ha tr}ztz# tlmrm irmeh rmztr`jt`hez he ~mrzhez è Zw`t{mrcied ijtèo iz i tr}ztmm hr ~rhq`dèo


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htlmr zmrq`jmz th tr}ztz jrmitmd }edmr ahrm oe ciw% I e}gbmr ha tr}zt jhg~i'

e`mz h~mritm e Zw`t{mrcied# ied Zw`zz ciwpmrz ied izzmt gieiomrz rmo}circpijt iz tr}ztmmz ha ahrmòe tr}ztz% Ghrmhqmr# Zw`zz jh}rtz liqm dmict w`tl tr}zt`zz}mz he i e}gbmr ha hjjiz`hez è tlm ~izt%

9>:% Tlm rità`jit`he bp Zw`t{mrcied he 9 K}cp 2>>? ha tlm Lio}m Jheqmet`hehe tlm etmreit`heic rmjhoe`t`he ha tr}ztz jrmitmd ztrheomr cmoic ah}edit`hez ahr tlmtr}ztmm b}zèmzz% @e idd`t`he th rità`jit he ha tlm Jheqmet`he# tlm Zw`zz AmdmricJh}ej`c meijtmd ~iriccmc igmedgmetz th Zw`zz amdmric cmo`zcit`he he etmreit`heic~r`qitm ciw ,tlm @^C) ied dmbt meahrjmgmet ied biefr}~tjp% It tlm zigm t`gm#tlm Jhearmejm Z}`zzm dmz g~tz `zz}md J`rj}cir e}gbmr J@ :> he 22 I}o}zt2>>?4< wl`jl mztibc`zlmd i jhgghe zmt ha r}cmz ijrhzz tlm jiethez ied tlm amdmri't`he w`tl rmoird th tlm ti|it`he ha tr}ztz ,d`zj}zzmd it ~iriori~l 9>1)%

9>4% Tlm igmedgmetz th tlm @^C mztibc`zlmd tlit tlm zmit hr dhg`j`cm ha

i tr}zt `z `tz ~cijm ha idgè`ztrit`he i~~hètmd è tlm dmmd hr# wlmrm eh z}jl~cijm `z i~~hètmd# `tz ~cijm ha maamjt`qm gieiomgmet% Tlm zmjhed igmedgmetwiz tlm ètrhd}jt`he ha tlm emw jli~tmr 0i th tlm @^C ,arhg irt`jcmz 940i th940m) met`tcmd Tlm Tr}zt% Igheo htlmr tlèoz# tlmzm ~rhq`z`hez icchw ahrtlm rmo`ztrit`he è ~}bc`j rmo`ztmrz ha jmrtiè tp~mz ha tr}zt izzmtz ied ~rh'q`dm ahr tlm rmjhoe`t`he ha ahrmòe k}dogmetz jhejmreèo tr}ztz% Tlm Lio}mJheqmet`he ,irt% 1'?) ied Zw`zz ètmreit`heic ~r`qitm ciw ,irt% 940j) ~rhq`dmtlit tlm ciwz ohqmreèo tlm tr}zt irm tlhzm dmzòeitmd bp tlm zmttchr ,i~~irmetarhg tlm tr}zt dmmd)# ied wlmrm eht zh dmzòeitmd# tlhzm ha tlm k}r`zd`jt`he thwl`jl tlm tr}zt liz tlm jchzmzt jheemjt`he% Tlmrmahrm# à tlm tr}zt `z ohqmremdbp ]F hr Kmrzmp ciw# ahr m|ig~cm# tlme tlm hbcòit`hez ied ròltz }edmr tlmzmciwz w`cc i~~cp ied tlm Zw`zz tr}ztmm w`cc emmd th zjr}~}ch}zcp jhg~cp w`tltlmzm ciwz èjc}dèo `dmet`tp ied ijjh}et rmjhrd'fmm~èo rmy}`rmgmetz%

9>=% Zw`zz ciw dhmz eht rmy}`rm tr}ztz th bm rmo`ztmrmd# wl`jl èjc}dmz ehrmo`ztrit`he è tlm RJ%40 Lhwmqmr# wlmrm tlm tr}zt lhcdz ~rh~mrtp tlit `z `tzmcarmy}`rmd th bm rmo`ztmrmd eigmcp rmic mztitm# zl`~z hr i`rjriat tlm m|`zt'mejm ha i tr}zt rmcit`hezl`~ wh}cd bm rmjhrdmd è tlm i~~rh~rìtm rmo`ztrp ,irt%940d# @^C ied irt 92 ha tlm Jheqmet`he rmcit`qm ci ch` i~~c`jibcm i} tr}zt mt zi rmjheei`zziejm)% A}rtlmrghrm i tr}zt rmcit`hezl`~ jie bm rmo`ztmrmd è tlmqir`h}z ~}bc`j rmo`ztmrz ahr tlm ~rhtmjt`he ha ètmccmjt}ic ~rh~mrtp ròltz ,irt%940d,2)# @^C)% @a i tr}zt rmcit`hezl`~ `z eht rmo`ztmrmd è tlmzm rmo`ztr`mz# `t jieehtbm jci`gmd ioièzt i tl`rd ~irtp tlit liz ijtmd è ohhd ai`tl ,irt% 940d,:)# @^C)%

4


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE :?

Ti| Ciw ied tr}ztz

9>1% Ahcchwèo tlm rità`jit`he ha tlm Lio}m Jheqmet he è 2>>?# tlmJhearmejm Z}`zzm dmz `g~tz `zz}md J`rj}cir e}gbmr J@ :> Ti|it`he haTr}ztz# th mez}rm i }eàhrg ètmr~rmtit`he th tlm m|`ztèo ~rijt`jm ha jietheicied amdmric ti| i}tlhr`t`mz ahr tlm ti|it`he ha tr}ztz%

9>?% Tlm J`rj}cir lòlcòltz tlit ahr Zw`zz ti| ~}r~hzmz# ~rha`tz irmjhez`dmrmd th bm dmr`qmd hecp wlme tlm ti|~ipmr rmjm`qmz i ròlt th èjhgmhr ijy}`rmz tlm ròlt ha d`z~hz t`he% Iz i tr}ztmm liz eh ròlt th tlm izzmtz hrèjhgm ha i tr}zt ,è z~`tm ha cmoic hwemrzl`~)# i Zw`zz tr}ztmm `z emqmr ti|'ibcm è rmz~mjt ha tr}zt èjhgm hr ji~`tic ~rhq`dmd `t jie ~rhqm tlit `t lhcdz tlmtr}zt ~rh~mrtp iz i tr}ztmm% Tlmzm ~rèj`~cmz irm tifme èth ijjh}et th `dmetàptlm ti|~ipmr è tlm jizm ha i tr}zt ,m`tlmr tlm zmttchr hr bmema`jìrp) ijjhrdèoth tlm tp~m ha tr}zt èqhcqmd%

9>0% @e tlm jizm ha ie `rrmqhjibcm tr}zt# tlm zmttchr maamjt`qmcp chzmz l`zròltz th tlm izzmtz ha tlm tr}zt% It tlm t`gm ha i d`ztr`b}t`he ha tr}zt a}edz hrtlm t`gm it wl`jl# tlm bmema`jìr`mz jie jci`g tlm d`ztr`b}t`he ,`rrmz~mjt`qm haiep maamjt`qm d`ztr`b}t`he)# `t `z rmoirdmd iz èjhgm ha tlm bmema`jìrp ied ieèjhgm ti| jlirom w`cc ir`zm he tlm bmema`jìr`mz wlmrm tlmp irm rmz`dmet èZw`t{mrcied%

99>% _lmrm tlm `rrmqhjibcm tr}zt `z i d`zjrmt`heirp tr}zt# tlm bmema`jìr`mz

liqm hecp tlm ròlt th bm jhez`dmrmd iz ~htmetìc rmj`~`metz ha d`ztr`b}t`hezbp tlm tr}ztmm# ied tlm tr}ztmm liz tlm r òlt th dmj`dm he wlit d`zt r`b}t`hez thgifm% Hejm tl`z ~hwmr `z m|mrj`zmd ied i d`ztr`b}t`he `z gidm `t `z rmoirdmdiz èjhgm ha tlm bmema`jìrp ied ie èjhgm ti| jlirom w`cc ir`zm he tlmbmema`jìr`mz wlmrm tlmzm irm rmz`dmet è Zw`t{mrcied% Eh cìb`c`tp th ti| w`ccir`zm è rmcit`he th ahrmòe bmema`jìr`mz }ecmzz tlm tr}zt `z è rmjm`~t ha Zw`zzzh}rjm èjhgm# wl`jl gip bm z}bkmjt th w`tllhcdèo ti|%

999% Tlmrm `z eh m|~rmzz rmy}`rmgmet }edmr ti| ciw ahr tr}ztmmz rmz`dmet èZw`t{mrcied th fehw tlm zmttchrz hr bmema`jìr`mz ha ahrmòe tr}ztz% Lhwmqmr# thmez}rm tlit tlm tr}zt izzmtz irm eht ittr`b}tmd th tlm tr}ztmm ahr ti| ~}r~hzmz# `tg}zt bm ibcm th ~rhqm tlm tr}zt rmcit`hezl`~% Tlm J`rj}cir he Ti|it`he ha Tr}ztz~rhq`dmz tlit zmttchrz# tr}ztmmz hr bmema`jìr`mz cìbcm th ti| è Zw`t{mrciedirm rmy}`rmd th ~rhq`dm icc emjmzzirp èahrgit`he ied z}bg`t dhj}gmetz#

qh}jlmrz hr jmrtà `jit`hez ha tl`rd ~irt`mz th ~rhqm tlm m|`ztmejm ha i tr}zt ied


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:< JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE

d`ztr`b}t`hez ha i jhrrmz~hedèo qic}m# hr m|~mezmz%=> @e ~rèj`~cm# lhwmqmr# i

tr}ztmm w`cc emqmr bm cìbcm th ti| è rmz~mjt ha tr}zt èjhgm ied tlm zmttchr iedbmema`jìrp gip eht bm cìbcm m tlmr à tlmp irm eht rmz`dmet è Zw t{mrcied% @eidd`t`he th tlm J`rj}cir# tlm IAJz bèdèo Eht`jm he A`d}jìrp Rmcit`hezl`~z=9

gifmz jcmir tlit th mztibc`zl tlm ittr`b}t`he ha izzmtz th i tl`rd ~mrzhe# tlmeigm ied iddrmzz ha tlm zmttchr g}zt bm gmet`hemd è tlm jhetrijt ,`%m% tr}ztdmmd) wl`jl g}zt bm è wr`tèo% Aèiccp# tlm ti| i}tlhr`t`mz jh}cd }zm tlm`r~hwmrz th izf tlm tr}ztmm ahr èahrgit`he ibh}t tlm zmttchr hr tlm bmema`jìrp èhrdmr th mez}rm tlit tlmp dh eht liqm ti| cìb`c`t`mz è Zw`t{mrcied%

Aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr`mz ied tr}ztz

992% @e idd`t`he th tlm ti| ciw rmy}`rmgmetz# IGC cmo`zcit`he liz i brhidi~~c`jit`he th tr}ztmmz è Zw`t{mrcied wlh ijt è i ~rhamzz`heic ji~ij`tp ,zmm

~iriori~l :?)# iz tlmp irm jhez`dmrmd th bm i aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp% Z}jli tr}ztmm wh}cd tlmrmahrm bm z}bkmjt th tlm d}t`mz ha i aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp#èjc}dèo j}zthgmr `dmetà`jit`he ,irt% :) ied rmjhrd fmm~èo rmy}`rmgmetz,irt% ?) iz dmzjr`bmd è ~iriori~lz ied 944%

99:% Aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr mz# wl`jl irm }edmr tlm d`rmjt z}~mrq`z he haA@EGI# irm z}bkmjt th irt`jcmz =2'=: ha tlm HBI'A@EGI=2 ied }edmr tlmzm~rhq`z`hez i aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp g}zt `dmetàp tlm ahcchwèo ~mrzhez è tlmjizm ha i tr}zt ahr wl`jl bmema`jìr`mz liqm eht pmt bmme i~~hètmd;

tlm zmttchr6

~mrzhez w`tl tlm i}tlhr`tp th èztr}jt tlm aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp6

tlm jitmohrp ha ~mrzhez wlh irm ji~ibcm ha bmjhgèo i bmema`jìrp6

tlm o}irdìe# ~rhtmjthrz ied htlmr ~mrzhez lhcdèo z`g`cir i}tlhr`tpè rmz~mjt ha tlm tr}zt%

994% Ahr i tr}zt w`tl i dmaèmd bmema`jìrp# tlm ~mrzhe hr met`tp wh}cdbm rmy}`rmd th bm `dmetà`md% Ahr rmqhjibcm tr}ztz# tlm ~mrzhez i}tlhr`{md thm|mrj`zm tlm rmqhjit`he irm jhez`dmrmd iz tlm bmema`jìc hwemrz%

=>% @t zlh}cd bm ehtmd tlit tlm ti| i}tlhr`tpz J`rj}cir ~rhq`dmz tlit è tlm jhetm|t ha

ie m|igèit`he ha rmcmqiet aijtz d}rèo ie m|tmreic ti| i}d`t# tlm tr}ztmm gip eht

èqhfm ~rhamzz`heic zmjrmjp ied g}zt d`zjchzm icc dhj}gmetz rmcitèo th tlm tr}zt%

Tl`z iczh i~~c`mz th jizmz è wl`jl tlm tr}ztmm `z i ciwpmr zèjm tlm idgè`ztri'

t`he ha i tr}zt dhmz eht ahrg ~irt ha i ciwpmrz ijt`q`tp è ztr`jt tmrgz%=9% IAJ Eht`jm he a`d}jìrp rmcit hezl`~z# ~}bc`zlmd Hjthbmr 901?%

=2% Tlm rmo}cit`hez i~~c`jibcm th ~mrzhez wlh irm z}~mrq`zmd bp ZRHz g}zt bm qmr`'

a`md bp A@EGI ied tlmp `g~hzm my}`qicmet rmy}`rmgmetz% Tlm zigm r}cmz irmi~~c`jibcm th biefz ,zmm tlm Iormmgmet he tlm Zw`zz biefz jhdm ha jhed}jt w`tlrmoird th tlm m|mrj`zm ha d}m d`còmejm ,JDB >


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE :0

99=% Aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr`mz# eht d`rmjtcp z}~mrq`zmd bp A@EGI# irm z}b'

kmjt th z`g`cir ~rhq`z`hez iz dmzjr`bmd ibhqm# bizmd he rmo}cit`hez ha ZRHz%

991% I tr}ztmm tlit dhmz eht ijt è i ~rhamzz`heic ji~ij`tp wh}cd eht aiccw`tlè tlm IGC rmo`gm ied tlmrmahrm eht bm z}bkmjt th tlmzm rmy}`rmgmetzictlh}ol tlm ti| ciw rmy}`rmgmetz gip zt`cc i~~cp%

99?% Hqmricc# è q mw ha tlm hbcòit`hez }edmr tlm ti| ciwz# tlm IGCrmo`gm iz wmcc iz tlm hbcòit`hez ah}ed è tlm ciw wl`jl ohqmrez tlm tr}zt#=:

tlmrm w`cc omemriccp bm iqi`cibcm èahrgit`he he tlm `dmet`tp ha tlm zmttchr#tr}ztmm ied bmema`jìr mz ahr tr}ztz wl`jl irm idgè`ztmrmd hr liqm tlm tr}ztmmrmz`dmet è Zw`t{mrcied%

Ah}edit`hez ,ThR I%9%=)

99


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4> JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE

z}jl ghdà`jit`hez% @a tlm ah}edit`he ztit}tm icchwz ahr ghdà`jit`hez# z}jl

ghdà`jit`hez rmy}`rm i~~rhqic bp tlm rmcmqiet hqmrzòlt i}tlhr`tp%

929% Ah}edit`hez ijy}`rm cmoic ~mrzheic tp }~he rmo`ztrit`he è tlm RJ,irt% =2,9) ied ,2)# JJ) lhwmqmr jmrtiè tp~mz ha ah}edit`hez irm m|mg~tarhg tlm rmy}`rmgmet th rmo`ztmr à tlmp irm eht jirrpèo he iep jhggmrjìcijt`q`t`mz% A}rtlmr# rmo`ztrit`he è tlm RJ `z h~t`heic ahr rmcò`h}z ied aig`cpah}edit`hez% Aig`cp ah}edit`hez gip hecp bm mztibc`zlmd ahr tlm ~}r~hzmz hamd}jit`he ammz# tlm mztibc`zlgmet ied z}~~hrt ha aig`cp gmgbmrz# hr z`g`cir~}r~hzmz ,irt% ::=,9)# JJ)% Th rmo`ztmr è tlm RJ# jmrtiè èahrgit`he g}ztbm ~rhq`dmd èjc}dèo tlm eigm ha tlm ah}edit`he# tlm eigmz ha icc ~mrzhezahrgèo ~irt ha tlm gieiomgmet ha tlm ah}edit`he ,tlm ah}edit`he jh}ej`c) izwmcc iz tlm eigmz ha tlm ~mrzhez w`tl tlm ~hwmr th rm~rmzmet tlm ah}edit`he,irt% 04# HRJ)6 ied tl`z èahrgit`he g}zt bm fm~t }~ th ditm ,irt% 2?# HRJ)%

922% Icc ah}edit`hez irm z}~mrq`zmd bp i amdmric# jietheic hr g}e`j`~ichqmrzòlt i}tlhr`tp=4 ,irt%


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Aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr`mz ied ah}edit`hez

924% Aèiej ic ètmrgmd ir`mz wlh irm ~rhq`dèo zmrq`jmz th tlm ah}edi't`he g}zt qmràp tlm `dmet`tp ha tlm`r jc`metz# ied iep ~mrzhe i}tlhr`{md thrm~rmzmet tlmg# è ijjhrdiejm w`tl tlm j}zthgmr d}m d`còmejm hbcòit`hezdmzjr`bmd è ~iriori~l % @e ~irt`j}cir# i gmgbmr ha tlm ah}edit`he jh}ej`cw`cc bmjhgm z}bkmjt th tlm IGCI wlme tlmp ijt è i ~rhamzz`heic ji~ij'`tp jirrpèo h}t aèiejìc ètmrgmdìt`he ijt`q`t`mz%== @e ~irt`j}cir# ahr iah}edit`he w`tl dmaèmd bmema`jìr`mz# tl`z wh}cd bm tlm eigm# ditm ha b`rtlied iddrmzz ha tlit ~mrzhe# hr wlmrm tlm ah}edit`he dhmz eht liqm i dmaèmdbmema`jìrp tlme tlm èahrgit`he rmy}`rmd th bm giètièmd èjc}dmz ,irt% =:#HBI'A@EGI);

tlm `dmet`tp ha tlm ah}edmr6

tlm `dmet`tp ha tlhzm ~mrzhez w`tl tlm i}tlhr`tp th èztr}jt tlm aèie'

jìc ètmrgmdìrp6

tlm jitmohrp ha ~mrzhez wlh irm ji~ibcm ha bmjhgèo i bmema`jìrp6

tlm o}irdìe# ~rhtmjthrz ied htlmr ~mrzhez lhcdèo z`g`cir i}tlhr`tp,èjc}dèo# ahr m|ig~cm# tlm ah}edit`he jh}ej`c)%

92=% _lmrm tlm aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp# ahr m|ig~cm tlm ehtirp# `z ehtijtèo è i ~rhamzz`heic ji~ij`tp ,hr `z eht htlmrw`zm i aèiejìc ètmrgmd`'irp)# tlmzm rmy}`rmgmetz w`cc eht i~~cp%

921% Tlmrmahrm# è ghzt èztiejmz ah}edit`hez wl`jl irm ahrgmd }edmrZw`zz ciw w`cc liqm èahrgit`he iqi`cibcm he tlm `dmet`tp ha tlm ah}edmrz#gmgbmrz ha tlm ah}edit`he jh}ej`c ied iep bmema`jìr`mz iz i rmz}ct ha tlmhbcòit`hez ah}ed è tlm IGC rmo`gm ied Zw`zz ti| ciwz% @e idd`t`he# tlm

ah}edit`he dmmd g}zt bm i}tlhr`zmd bp i ehtirp# ied tlm ehtirp g}zt qmràpjmrtiè gittmrz rmcitèo th tlm ah}edit`he# èjc}dèo tlm `dmet`tp ha tlm ~ir't`mz th tlm ah}edit`he dmmd% @e i}tlhr`zèo tlm dmmd bmahrm tlm ehtirp# tlmah}edmr gip bm rm~rmzmetmd bp ie iomet ied è tlhzm jizmz# `t `z eht jcmir tlittlm `dmet`tp ha tlm ah}edmr tlmgzmcqmz# iz wmcc iz tlm iomet# g}zt bm qmrà`md%A}rtlmr# wlmrm i ah}edit`he ,aig`cp hr rmcò`h}z ah}edit`he) z eht rmo`ztmrmdè tlm RJ# tlm bhird gmgbmrz ha tlm ah}edit`he dh eht y}icàp iz ~rhamz'z`heic aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr`mz# eh aèiejìc ètmrgmdìrp `z èqhcqmd è i~rhamzz`heic ji~ij`tp è tlm gieiomgmet ha tlm ah}edit`he# hr tlm ah}edit`he`z eht z}bkmjt th ti| è Zw`t{mrcied# `t `z eht jcmir tlit rmcmqiet `dmet`tp èahr'git`he è rmz~mjt ha tlm ah}edit`he w`cc bm iqi`cibcm è icc jizmz% Hecp i amw

==% Aèiej ic ètmrgmdìt`he ijt`q t`mz è tl`z jhetm|t ejc}dm wlmrm tlmp jhed}jt

a`d}jìrp ijt`q`t`mz hr izzmt gieiomgmet he bmlica ha i tl`rd ~irtp# hr wlmrm tlmpdh eht m|mrj`zm i jhggmrjìc ijt`q`tp; zmm irt% 1# H@A ,hrdheeiejm z}r cijt`q`tdètmrgdì`rm aèiej`mr m|mrjm t`trm ~rhamzz`heic)%


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ah}edit`hez gip aicc w`tlè tl`z qmrp c`g`tmd jcizz# ied a}rtlmr# Zw`t{mrcied

idq`zmz tlit bmji}zm tlm aig`cp ah}edit`he w`cc èqhcqm hecp rmcitmd gmgbmrz#tlm bmema`jìr mz w`cc icwipz bm fehwe% Iz i rmz}ct# wlmtlmr tlm rmy}`rmgmetzhe z}jl ah}edit`hez dh `g~mdm tlm maamjt`qm m|jlieom ha èahrgit`he zlh}cdbm jhez`dmrmd è tlm ^lizm 2 Rmq`mw ha Zw t{mrcied%

Htlmr rmcmqiet met`t`mz hr irrieomgmetz

92?% Zw`t{mrcied liz eht `dmetà`md iep htlmr rmcmqiet met`t`mz ied irrieom'gmetz wl`jl gip bm ahrgmd }edmr `tz ciwz%

Meahrjmgmet ~rhq`z`hez th mez}rm tlm iqi`cib`c`tp ha èahrgit`he,ThR I%9%1)

92 >>>%>>%

j% M|jc}z he arhg tlm Izzhjìt`he%


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE 4:

`g~r`zhegmet ha }~ th = pmirz ,irt% 2=9 ied 2=:# J^)% @e rmz~mjt ha ijjh}et'

èo rmjhrd hbcòit`hez# i ai`c}rm th fmm~ tlm rmy}`rmd ijjh}etz jie iczh `g~cpi ~meic ziejt`he ,irt% 911# J )% Tlm ~mrzhe wlh ai`cz th fmm~ tlm ijjh}etèormjhrdz rmy}`rmd }edmr tlm HRJ jie iczh bm aèmd bp tlm ti| i}tlhr`t`mz ,zmmahr m|ig~cm irt% 9?4# C@AD)%

9:9% Ahr ti| hbcòit hez è rmz~mjt ha hwemrzl`~ ied ijjh}etèo èahrgi't`he# i ~mrzhe wlh ètmet`heiccp hr emocòmetcp dhmz eht ~rhq`dm èahrgit`hermy}`rmd }edmr tlm C@AD# gip bm aèmd }~ th JLA 9> >>> ,M]R ? >),irt% 9?4,9),b)# C@AD)%

9:2% ]edmr tlm JH ied JJ# wl`jl w`cc i~~cp th mijl tp~m ha met`tp iedirrieomgmet dmzjr`bmd e tlm rm~hrt w`tl tlm m|jm~t`he ha tr}ztz# a i gmgbmrha tlm bhird ha i jhg~iep ,hr htlmr ~mrzhe rmz~hez`bcm ahr tlm gieiomgmet hatlm met`tp) brmijlmz l`z hr lmr d}t`mz=? mijl ied mqmrp z}jl ~mrzhe gip liqm

}ec`g`tmd cìb`c`tp ahr iep digiomz tlit rmz}ct% Z}jl cìb`c tp gipbm meahrjmdioièzt tlm ~mrzhe bp tlm hwemrz hr ~irtemrz ha tlm met`tp# hr è tlm jizm habiefr}~tjp# iep jrmd`thr è i j`q`c jizm ,irt% ?=4# JH)% A}rtlmrghrm# gmgbmrzha tlm gieioèo bhdp ha ie met`tp gip bm ~rhzmj}tmd ahr g`zgieiomgmetha tlm met`tp ied ziejt`hemd w`tl aèmz ,irt% :4# J^; }ecmzz tlm ciw ~rhq`dmzhtlmrw`zm# i ghemtirp ~meictp igh}etz th i gi|`g}g ha :1> di`cp ~meictp}e`tz) hr `g~r`zhegmet ha }~ th a`qm pmirz ,irt% 9=>> ,M]R 2 :4>)%Tlm jh}rt dmj`dmz he tlm qic}m ha tlm di`cp ~meictp }e`t ijjhrdèo th tlm ~mr'zheic ied aèiejìc j`rj}gztiejmz ha tlm haamedmr it tlm t`gm ha jheq`jt`he#ied è ~irt`j}cir ijjhrdèo th l`z èjhgm ied ji~`tic# c`qèo m|~mezmz# iepgiètmeiejm hr z}~~hrt hbcòit`hez ied tlm gè`g}g z}bz`ztmejm cmqmc%

9::% @e omemric# tlm meahrjmgmet gmiz}rmz è ~cijm è Zw`t{mrcied irmztrheo ied rmèahrjm tlm hbcòit`hez th fmm~ icc rmcmqiet èahrgit`he% Lhwmqmr#~meict`mz wl`jl gip bm `g~hzmd ahr brmijlmz ha tlm JH hr tlm JhggmrjìcRmo`ztrp rmy}`rmgmetz irm jhg~irit`qmcp chw hr w`cc omemriccp hecp i~~cp èrmz~mjt ha digiomz wl`jl liqm hjj}rrmd arhg i brmijl% Tlm maamjt`qmemzz hatlmzm meahrjmgmet ~rhq`z`hez wl`jl irm è ~cijm è Zw`t{mrcied w`cc bm jhe'z`dmrmd iz ~irt ha `tz ^lizm 2 ^mmr Rmq`mw%

=?% I brmijl w`cc èjc}dm i emocòmet ijt hr hg`zz`he%


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Dmtmrgèit`he ied aijthrz }edmrcpèo tlm rmjhggmedit`hez

Dmtmrgèit`he

Tlm mcmgmet `z eht è ~cijm%

Aijthrz }edmrcpèo

rmjhggmedit`hez

Rmjhggmedit`hez

Bmirmr zlirmz gip bm `zz}md bp ZIz

ied ZJIz# ied gmjlie`zgz th mez}rm

tlit tlm hwemrz ha z}jl zlirmz jie

bm `dmetà`md irm eht zpztmgit`jiccp è

~cijm ahr icc bmirmr zlirmz%

Zw`t{mrcied zlh}cd tifm emjmzzirp

gmiz}rmz th mez}rm tlit i~~rh~rìtm

gmjlie`zgz irm è ~cijm th `dmetàp

tlm hwemrz ha bmirmr zlirmz è icc

èztiejmz%

Jhg~ie`mz èjhr~hritmd h}tz`dm ha

Zw`t{mrcied b}t liqèo tlm`r maamjt`qm

gieiomgmet è Zw`t{mrcied wl`jl

o`qmz r`zm th i ~mrgiemet mztibc`zl'

gmet irm eht rmy}`rmd th ~rhq`dm

èahrgit`he `dmetàpèo tlm`r hwemrz

iz i ~irt ha rmo`ztrit`he rmy}`rmgmetz%

Tlmrmahrm# tlm iqi`cib`c`tp ha èahrgi'

t`he tlit `dmetà`mz iep hwemrz ha z}jl

jhg~ie`mz w`cc omemriccp dm~med he

tlm ciw ha tlm k}r`zd`jt`he è wl`jl tlm

jhg~iep `z èjhr~hritmd ied zh gip

eht bm iqi`cibcm è icc jizmz%

@e z}jl jizmz# Zw`t{mrcied zlh}cdmez}rm tlit hwemrzl`~ ied `dmet`tp

èahrgit`he `z iqi`cibcm%

I%2%Ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz

K}r`zd`jt`hez zlh}cd mez}rm tlit rmcìbcm ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz irm fm~t ahr icc rmcmqiet

met`t`mz ied irrieomgmetz%

Omemric rmy}`rmgmetz ,ThR I%2%9)# ]edmrcpèo dhj}gmetit`he,ThR I%2%2)# ied ='pmir rmtmet`he ztiedird ,ThR I%2%:)

9:4% Tlm giè ijjh}etèo rmjhrd rmy}`rmgmetz }edmr Zw`zz ciw irm ah}edè tlm hbcòit`hez jhejmreèo tlm Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp ~}rz}iet th tlm HRJied è irt`jcmz 112'1?? ha tlm JH# ahr ie ZI# ritlmr tlie }edmr tlm ciwz jhe'jmreèo mijl tp~m ha cmoic met`tp ied irrieomgmet# iz wmcc iz }edmr ti| ciw%

Jhggmrjìc Rmo`ztrp

9:=% Icc ~mrzhez jirrpèo jhggmrjìc ijt`q`tp è Zw`t{mrcied irm rmy}`rmd

th bm rmo`ztmrmd è tlm RJ% Tlm ~mrzhe rmz~hez`bcm ahr mez}rèo tlm met`tp `zzh rmo`ztmrmd `z iczh rmy}`rmd th lhcd ied fmm~ ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz tlit gmmtrmjhoe`zmd ijjh}etèo ~rèj`~cmz# iz emjmzzirp ijjhrdèo th tlm eit}rm ied


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE 4=

m|tmet ha tlm met`tpz b}zèmzz6 bmèo tlhzm tlit rmacmjt tlm aèiejìc z`t}i'

t`he ha tlm b}zèmzz èjc}dèo iee}ic aèiejìc ztitmgmetz% Tl`z èjc}dmz irmy}`rmgmet th fmm~ bhhfz#=< ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz ,~`mjmz jhg~tibcmz)ied jhrrmz~hedmejm# wl`jl gip bm fm~t è wr`ttme# mcmjtrhe`j hr htlmr z}`t'ibcm# rmidibcm ahrg# wl`czt tlm iee}ic mireèoz rm~hrt ied biciejm zlmmtg}zt bm fm~t è wr`ttme# zòemd ahrg ,irt% 0=?# JH)%=0 Tlm Zw`zz JhggmrjìcJhdm dmzjr`bmz tlm omemric dhj}gmetz wl`jl g}zt bm rmtièmd iz tlm dhj}'gmetz emjmzzirp th rmacmjt ~rh~mrcp tlm aèiejìc z`t}it`he ha tlm b}zèmzzied th dmtmrgèm tlm cìb`c`t`mz ied jci`gz iz wmcc iz tlm h~mritèo rmz}ctz hamijl b}zèmzz pmir% Zw`t{mrcied liz ~rhq`dmd dhjtrèm wl`jl jhea`rgz tlittl`z w`cc èjc}dm b}zèmzz rmcitmd dhj}gmetz wl`jl irm ha `g~hrtiejm th tlmjhg~iep ied ~hzz`bcp th tl`rd ~irt`mz ied èjc}dmz èqh`jmz ied jh~`mz haèqh`jmz tlit liqm bmme zmet h}t# dmc`qmrp ehtmz# rmjm`~tz# bief ztitmgmetz#ètmreic dhj}gmetz à tlmzm irm ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz# cmttmrz# ai|mz# mcmjtrhe`j

jhrrmz~hedmejm# jhetrijtz ha iep fèd# hroie`zit`he ~ciez ied rmo}cit`hez#k}domgmetz# zmttcmgmetz# mtj%

9:1% Icc ha tlm rmjhrdz rmamrrmd th }edmr irt`jcm 0=? g}zt bm fm~t ahr igè`g}g 9> pmir ~mr`hd# omemriccp jh}etmd arhg tlm med ha tlm aèiejìcpmir th wl`jl tlmp rmcitm ,irt% 012# JH)% Tlm Hrdèiejm he tlm rmtmet`he haijjh}etèo rmjhrdz ,Hc`jh1>) ~rhq`dmz a}rtlmr dmti`cz he tlm rmy}`rmgmetz}edmr irt`jcm 0=? ha tlm JH6 è ~irt`j}cir# tlm z~mjà`md dmti`cz rmy}`rmd è tlmijjh}etèo bhhfz iz wmcc iz tlm gieemr ha rmtièèo rmjhrdz%

Ti| Ciw

9:?% ^mrzhez z}bkmjt th amdmric ti| è Zw t{mrcied ,zmm ~iriori~l ?1) irmz}bkmjt th tlm rmy}`rmgmetz th rmtiè ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz zmt h}t è irt`jcm 921

ha tlm C@AD% Tlmzm rmy}`rmgmetz irm bizmd he tlm omemric ~rèj`~cm tlit tlmti|~ipmr g}zt dh mqmrptlèo emjmzzirp th mez}rm tlit ti| `z a}ccp ied ~rm'j`zmcp `g~hzmd% @e ~irt`j}cir ,irt% 921,2)# C@AD);

=


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He rmy}mzt bp tlm amdmric ti| i}tlhr`tp# tlmp g}zt a}re`zl èahr'

git`he hriccp hr è wr`tèo# ~rmzmet tlm`r ijjh}etèo bhhfz#z}~~hrtèo dhj}gmetz ied iep htlmr jmrtà`jitmz iz wmcc iz dhj}'gmetz rmcitèo th tlm`r b}zèmzz iaai`rz%

9: pmirz ,irt% 94< ied 9=2 ,:)# C@AD)%

9:0% Tlmrm irm idd`t`heic rmy}`rmgmetz ahr ti|~ipmrz tlit irm èd`q`d}'icz wlh irm jirrpèo h}t ie ijt`q`tp ahr ~rha`t# ied cmoic met`t`mz ,irt% 921,:)#C@AD) wlh irm eht rmy}`rmd bp tlm Jhggmrjìc Jhdm th fmm~ ijjh}etèormjhrdz è tlm z~mjà`md ahrg zmt ahrtl è irt`jcm 0=?# JH% Tlmzm ti|~ipmrzg}zt fmm~ ahr 9> pmirz tlm bhhfz ied ztitmgmetz rmamrrmd th è irt`jcm 92=,2)#iz wmcc iz tlm z}~~hrtèo dhj}gmetz è rmz~mjt ha tlm`r b}zèmzz ijt`q`t`mz%Tlm bhhfz ied ztitmgmetz rmamrrmd th è irt`jcm 92=,2) ha tlm C@AD irm tlm

dhj}gmetz wl`jl g}zt bm ieem|md th tlm ti| rmt}re ha tlhzm ~mrzhez# bmèo;Zòemd m|trijtz arhg tlm ijjh}etz ,biciejm zlmmt# ~rha`t iedchzz ztitmgmetz ied mireèoz rm~hrt) ahr tlm ti| ~mr`hd# hr ètlm ibzmejm ha ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz wl`jl jhea`rg th jhggmrjìc}ziom# i rmjhrd ha izzmtz ied cìb`c`t`mz# i ztitmgmet ha rmjm`~tz#m|~med`t}rm# dmd}jt`hez ied ~r`qitm èqmztgmetz è tlm b}zèmzz%

94>% Tlmrm irm iczh rmy}`rmgmetz `g~hzmd he tl`rd ~irt`mz th ~rhd}jmjmrtiè ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz# wl`jl he rmy}mzt gip bm ~rhd}jmd d`rmjtcp th tlmti| i}tlhr`t`mz% Tl`z èjc}dmz èahrgit`he he tlm izzmtz ied èjhgm ha ti|'~ipmrz tlit `z lmcd bp a`d}jìr`mz# ~r`qitm wmictl gieiomrz# zmj}rmd jrmd`thrz#tr}ztmmz ied o}irdìez# ied htlmr ~mh~cm w`tl ~hzzmzz`he hr idgè`ztrit`he hai ti|~ipmrz izzmtz ,irt% 92?# C@AD)% Lhwmqmr è rmz~mjt ha tl`z rmy}`rmgmet#~rhamzz`heic zmjrmjp hbcòit`hez ,zmm îrt B%9) irm rmzmrqmd%

949% ]edmr tlm amdmric ciw jhejmreèo lirghe`zit`he ha d`rmjt ti|mzbmtwmme tlm jiethez ,CL@D)# mijl jiethe g}zt# }edmr jietheic d`rmjt ti|ciw# `g~hzm ijjh}etèo rmjhrdz rmy}`rmgmetz he ti|~ipmrz wl`jl gitjl tlhzmah}ed è irt`jcmz 92='92? ha CA@D ied dmzjr`bmd ibhqm; irt`jcm 42'4=# CL@D%

942% @e idd`t`he# ahr QIT ~}r~hzmz# tlm ti|~ipmr `z iczh rmy}`rmd th rmtièahr it cmizt tme pmirz tlm bhhfz ha ijjh}et ied rmcmqiet }edmrcpèo dhj}gme'tit`he# b}zèmzz jhrrmz~hedmejm ied htlmr dhj}gmetz ,irt% =2,2)# QIT Ijt)%

94:% Tlmrmahrm# è hrdmr th gmmt tlm hbcòit`hez ha irt`jcm 921 ied ehtèo tlmbrhid zjh~m ha ~mrzhez z}bkmjt th tlm amdmric ti| ciw ,zmm ~iriori~l ?1) iz wmcciz ~mrzhez z}bkmjt th QIT ied jietheic ti| ciwz# icc tlm ijjh}etèo rmjhrdzdmzjr`bmd è mcmgmet I%2%9 ied I%2%2 ha tlm ThR irm rmy}`rmd th bm fm~t bp

tlmzm ~mrzhez% Tlm ~meict`mz wl`jl i~~cp à tlmzm hbcòit`hez irm eht gmt irmmqmet}iccp i aèm ,irt% 9?4# C@AD) hr mqme i ~meic ziejt`he ,irt% :2=# J^)%


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JHG^C@IEJM _@TL TLM ZTIEDIRDZ; IQI@CIB@C@TP HA @EAHRGIT@HE 4?

Aèiejìc ètmrgmdìr`mz ied tlm iet`'ghemp ci}edmrèo rmo`gm

944% Tlm IGCI zmtz h}t tlm rmy}`rmgmetz ha tlm IGC rmo`gm# wl`jlirm tlme ~rmzjr`bmd è a}rtlmr dmti`c è rmo}cit`hez ied o}`diejm `zz}md bpA@EGI hr tlm rmcmqiet ZRH% Tlm IGCI ~rmzjr`bmz è irt`jcm ? tlit i aèie'jìc ètmrgmdìrp g}zt fmm~ rmjhrdz rmcitèo th triezijt`hez è z}jl i gieemrtlit i tl`rd ~irtp m|~mrt wh}cd bm è i ~hz`t`he th liqm ie hbkmjt`qm }edmr'ztiedèo ha tlm triezijt`hez ied tlm b}zèmzz rmcit`hezl`~z ied ha jhg~c`'iejm w`tl tlm ~rhq`z`hez ha tl`z Ijt%19 Tlmzm dhj}gmetz g}zt bm rmtièmd ahr9> pmirz arhg tlm med ha

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