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www.powerengineeringint.com July/August 2012

BRIC NATIONS BUILD NUCLEAR

POWERHOUSE

While in many parts of Europe nuclear new build projects have stalled, Brazil, Russia, India and China are making significant strides in the sector

AFRICA FOCUS: THE EVOLVING

MARKET OF THE SUB-SAHARA

In the first of a two-part focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, we spotlight the power challenges and opportunities in some of the region’s fastest-developing economies

South American windAttracting the smart money

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PennWell Global Energy Group, The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, United Kingdom. Phone: +44 1992 656 600 Fax: +44 1992 656 700 www.peimagazine.comChief Editor Heather Johnstone [email protected] Deputy Editor Kelvin Ross [email protected] Associate Editor Nigel Blackaby [email protected] Production Editor Piers EvansAdvertisement Sales Manager Anthony Orfeo [email protected] Advertisement Sales Manager Asif Yusuf [email protected] Studio Manager Karl Weber [email protected] Design Michael Wickers Production Daniel Greene Group Publisher Ralph Boon Corporate Headquarters PennWell Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa , OK 74112 USA Telephone: +1 918 835 3161 Fax: +1 918 831 9834 Sr. VP Audience Development and Book Publishing Gloria Adams Audience Development Manager Janet Orton Chairman Frank T. Lauinger President/CEO Robert F. BiolchiniCirculation and subscriber enquiries P.O. Box 3264, Northbrook, IL 60065-3264 USA Tel: +1 847 559 7501 Fax: +1 847 291 4816 E-mail: [email protected]

Power Engineering International, ISSN 1069-4994, is published eleven times a year by PennWell Global Energy Group, The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK. Tel: +44 1992 656 600. Fax: +44 1992 656 700. ©Copyright 2011 by PennWell Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan Rd., Tulsa, OK 74112, USA. All rights reserved. Subscriptions/circulation and reader enquiry off ce: Power Engineering International, PO BOX 3264, Northbrook, IL. 60065-3264, U.S.A. Paid annual subscription rates: Worldwide $59 Digital Version. E.U. $170, United Kingdom $140. All other countries $210. Single or back copies: $26 for all regions.USA circulation only: Power Engineering International, “Periodicals POSTAGE PAID at Rahway NJ”. Subscription price is $210 Periodicals Postage Paid at Rahway NJ. Postmaster send address corrections to: Power Engineering International, C/O Mercury Airfreight International Ltd. 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001.® “Power Engineering International” is a registered trademark of PennWell Corporation. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Power Engineering International, PO BOX 3264, Northbrook, IL. 60065-3264. U.S.A.

24 3512PennWell Global Energy Group, The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, United Kingdom. Phone: +44 1992 656 600 Fax: +44 1992 656 700 www.peimagazine.comChief Editor Heather Johnstone [email protected] Deputy Editor Kelvin Ross [email protected] Associate Editor Nigel Blackaby [email protected] Production Editor Piers Evans Design Claire Brocklesby Production Daniel Greene Advertisement Sales Manager Anthony Orfeo [email protected] Advertisement Sales Manager Asif Yusuf [email protected] Studio Manager Karl Weber [email protected] Group Publisher Ralph Boon Corporate Headquarters PennWell Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa , OK 74112 USA Telephone: +1 918 835 3161 Fax: +1 918 831 9834 Sr. VP Audience Development and Book Publishing June Griff n Audience Development Manager Linda Thomas Chairman Frank T. Lauinger President/CEO Robert F. BiolchiniCirculation and subscriber enquiries P.O. Box 3264, Northbrook, IL 60065-3264 USA Tel: +1 847 559 7501 Fax: +1 847 291 4816 E-mail: [email protected]

Power Engineering International, ISSN 1069-4994, is published eleven times a year by PennWell Global Energy Group, The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill, Powdermill Lane, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, UK. Tel: +44 1992 656 600. Fax: +44 1992 656 700. ©Copyright 2012 by PennWell Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan Rd., Tulsa, OK 74112, USA. All rights reserved. Subscriptions/circulation and reader enquiry off ce: Power Engineering International, PO BOX 3264, Northbrook, IL. 60065-3264, U.S.A. Paid annual subscription rates: Worldwide $60 Digital Version. E.U. $173, No. America $214. United Kingdom $143. All other countries $214. Single or back copies: $26 for all regions.If you would like to have a recent article reprinted for an upcoming conference or for use as a marketing tool, contact Kelly Blieden, Reprints Senior Account Executive E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +1 800 382 0808 ext 142. USA circulation only: Power Engineering International, “Periodicals POSTAGE PAID at Rahway NJ”. Subscription price is $210 Periodicals Postage Paid at Rahway NJ. Postmaster send address corrections to: Power Engineering International, C/O Mercury Airfreight International Ltd. 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001.® “Power Engineering International” is a registered trademark of PennWell Corporation. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Power Engineering International, PO BOX 3264, Northbrook, IL. 60065-3264. U.S.A.Member American Business Press • Business Publications Audit3Printed in the United Kingdom GST No. 12681315

FeaturesNuclear power in the BRIC nations 12The nuclear power programmes of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) are at different levels of progress, but some are already having an impact on the global sector.

Smart investment drives South American wind rush 18It is an understatement to say South America’s wind development market is hot. What is driving the activity, who is investing where and how long it might last?

Powering the Olympics 24The recently held London 2012 Olympics was the biggest ever deployment of temporary power for a sporting event in the UK. Provider Aggreko talks about the challenges this involved.

Noise control: A sound investment 28When CMS Danskin Acoustics was brought in to cut dangerous noise levels at a UK power station it had to create a tailor-made eff cient and cost-effective solution.

Independence day dilemmas 32If Scotland gains independence from the rest of the UK, what will it mean for the British energy industry, as the lion’s share of oil, gas , nuclear and renewable resources lie within its territory?

Special Report: Sub-Saharan Africa 35In the f rst instalment of a two-part focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, we focus on the power challenges and opportunities in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia.

RegularsUpfront 2News Analysis 4World News 6Diary Dates 43Genset Roundup 44Equipment Roundup 46

Investment opportunities are creating a boom in the wind power markets of South America. (p.18)

C O N T E N T SVolume 20 • Issue 7 • July/August 2012

Power Engineering International®

www.powerengineeringint.com

UP FRONT

2 www.powerengineeringint.com July/August 2012- PEi

The current investment climate in traditionally robust electric power markets continues to be challenging, with few incentives to encourage investors to pull-out their cheque book.

In Europe, for example, the ongoing euro crisis is exacerbating an already diff cult situation caused by regulatory uncertainty and a lack of both political leadership and will. All this is making investors think again before investing in existing or new power assets. And this phenomenon is right across the board – from traditional coal f red generation to the polar opposite of renewable energy.

The situation in North America is little different, with environmental legislation impacting heavily on coal and nuclear power, and uncertainty over the future of the US’ renewable energy incentives scheme - the Production Tax Credit is due to expire at the end of this year , is suddenly making wind a much less attractive investment proposition.

Thus, in all honesty, who would invest where there is no guarantee of a high return on investment? However, power assets per se do represent a good solid investment, so investors haven’t disappeared. Rather they are now looking elsewhere, but where?

Obviously Asia, with its huge growth potential, continues to attractive investment - largely untouched by the recent global economic crisis. There are undoubtedly rich picking to be made here, but anyone who has invested in China, for example, knows it can be less than straight forward, and although the returns can be high, so are the risks.

One region that is emerging as an attractive and relatively safe investment target is Latin America, and in particular its renewable energy sector (excluding hydropower).

Speaking at a recent meeting of the Latin American and Caribbean Council on Renewable Energy, George Osorio of Conduit Capital, said “Latin America comes up with some of the best incentives you have ever seen in this sector. I consider it a model to go after”. He identif ed Brazil and Mexico in particular as offering inexpensive f nancing and attractive incentives, with both Chile and Peru offering “solid opportunities”. Osorio believes that the returns for wind projects throughout the region could range from 9–15 per cent.

Speaking at the same event, Patricia McDougall of Canada’s Scotiabank, agreed. She described Chile as “a market-oriented economy” that is “open for foreign investment”.

In this issue we take a look at what is being described as the wind ‘gold rush’ that is taking place in South America at the moment. Brazil is clearly dominant, with investors from around the world – China, Spain, India etc – knocking at its door, but other countries in the region also offer opportunities. We examine three main questions: what is driving the activity, who is investing and, most importantly, how long will it last?

In the issue we also feature the f rst of a two-part special report on the electric power sector in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we highlight Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia. All three nations are experiencing healthy economic growth and an increasing population, which all means their demand for electricity is also rising.

Historically, investing in Africa has been seen, and justif ably so, as high-risk, high-return, but things are changing. Many governments are now waking up to the essentail role that direct foreign investment in their power sector can play in securing their continued economic growth, and are starting to bring in better legisaltion to promote it.

Foreign investment in sub-Saharan Africa will be one of the key issues discussed at POWER-GEN Africa, which takes place in Johannesburg, South Africa, 6–8 November 2012. For more information, please visit www.powergenafrica.com.

Investors’ attention turns to developing nations

“Brazil and Mexico offer inexpensive f nancing and attractive incentives, while both Chile and Peru offer solid opportunities”

Kind regards,

Heather Johnstone, PhDChief Editor

The latest blackout that affected more than 600 million people in India at the end of July is a reminder of the intractable

problems still plaguing the country.Inadequate infrastructure, a crippling

shortage of power and – most damning of all – an historic absence of governmental action and leadership, all conspire to ensure that at peak times the demand for electricity is at least a f fth higher than supply.

The blackout was caused by the collapse of three interconnected northern power grids, and extended close to 3219 km, from India’s eastern border with Myanmar to its western border with Pakistan.

In the weeks following the crisis, India’s Ministry of Power has said it would conduct independent audits of the country’s electricity transmission system within the next three months.

The decision was made at a meeting chaired by power secretary P. Uma Shankar, with attendees including members of the Central Electricity Authority, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission, Power Grid of India, Power Operation System Company and off cials from eight of the Northern states.

In addition to the audits decision, it was agreed to establish an effective plan to ensure the integrated operations of the national and regional grids in adherence with the Indian Electricity Grid Code.

It was also decided that all utilities must adopt best operation and maintenance practices, and would be subject to random checks by regional power committees.

Prime Minister Singh is also reported to have vowed to fast-track stalled power and infrastructure projects and introduce free market reforms aimed at reviving the country’s slowing economy.

But will all of this be enough to keep the lights on? Probably not, because the issue is not simply down to a lack of investment.

India’s chronic shortfall in generation capacity has slowly started to be addressed in recent years, primarily through private investment. New capacity additions this year, for example, are expected to reach around 26 000 MW – twice that which was installed last year.

According to the Financial Times, the main problem with India’s power sector is that its economics do not add up.

Major coal and gas suppliers such as Coal India and GAIL are, to put it simply, unable to produce enough to meet the demand of India’s power generation f eet. This means that power generators are forced to import fuel, which is extremely expensive. However, electricity tariffs in India are capped for consumers, so electricity suppliers are unable to recoup that cost and essentially are selling electricity at a loss.

As the Financial Times puts it, no wonder the state-owned utilities are said to have debts of 3 trillion rupees ($54bn). Of greater concern, however, is the expectation that their losses will treble over the next three years.

If there is a winner to emerge from the blackout crisis, it should be India’s solar sector.

The blackouts should act as springboard for the country’s solar players to be seen as offering a solution to the power problems.

Solar power should be a no-brainer for a country that needs to expand its generating capacity by at least 8 per cent a year or by some 400 per cent between 2011 and 2030 in order to meet both growing population and industrial demand.

India is already on a path to harness its considerable solar potential: the western state of Gujarat has already installed capacity of some 655 MW of grid connected solar power plants.

But there is a danger that India’s policymakers, facing thousands of businesses and homes being plunged into darkness, will

ignore solar in favour of what is seen as tried and trusted conventional power plants.

“I am a little scared this is not going to be looked at as an opportunity,” says H. Harish Hande, managing director of Bangalore-based Selco Solar. He told Bloomberg that he fears the crisis “is going to be used as a pretext to push for coal and nuclear.”

But India’s coal sector is the last place anyone should look for a solution to the power crisis, being mired in its own supply and demand problems. And a government directive forcing the country’s largest state-run supplier, Coal India, to sign contracts to supply at least 80 per cent of required coal to power utilities or suffer penalties, has been branded a “desperate move which will not save the industry” by analysts at business intelligence company GlobalData.

The analysts added that “until the Indian government supports the coal industry or offers renewables as a suitably enticing alternative, the country seems set to keep on struggling”.

Vikram Mehta, former chairman of the Shell Group of Companies in India, agrees and says that India needs to face f ve hard truths about its energy sector: “Energy demand is surging, supplies are struggling to keep pace, technology is under-utilised, the institutional structure does not support an integrated energy policy, and the environment is suffering.”

Without far-reaching reforms that will deliver a fully-functioning power system, India’s aspiration of becoming one of the world’s leading economic powers is undoubtedly under threat.

ANALYSIS••• BY KELVIN ROSS •••

4 www.powerengineeringint.com July/August 2012 - PEi

Blackouts are a warning sign that India’s policymakers must heed

Politicians must avoid knee-jerk decisions that rely on coal f red power and start delivering policies that will stimulate investment and exploit the renewable energy opportunities that are there for the taking.

“India’s latest blackout crisis could be used as a pretext to push for coal and nuclear”

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INTERNATIONAL••• WORLD NEWS •••

6 Visit www.powerengineeringint.com for more news July/August 2012 - PEi

The Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) will no longer issue power generation licences without clear evidence that the developer has all necessary inputs in place to ensure projects will reach commercial operation and deliver electricity.

The regulator has been repeatedly criticised for the many non-performing power licences that it has issued, with licensees often blaming

their inactivity on inability to access fuels, such as gas, or f nances, or even transmission infrastructure.

NERC’s declaration was made by its chairman Sam Amadi.

He said: “We are now building a system that allows for systematic planning of power. This means that we are no longer going to be licensing people except where the feedstock, transmission and everything else is in place.”

NERC has so far issued over 40 licences to potential independent power producers for the supply of new grid-connected generation capacity totaling more than 10 000 MW.

Amadi is conf dent the new regulation will result in a cheaper cost of power, because licences would be granted only to an entity with the most eff cient plan for producing that power.

Abu Dhabi: Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority has issued a request for qualif cation to developers to build an independent water and power project at Mirfa.

Egypt: Failures at two power plants caused blackouts in Cairo and surrounding areas this month.

Ethiopia: Ethiopia has started a test run of electricity supply to neighbouring Sudan. The testing started following the completion of the Ethiopia-Sudan Transmission Line, which cost $41 million and is 296 km long.

Kuwait: Kuwait’s Ministry of Electricity & Water has awarded a contract to build a substation at Sabah al-Ahmed to Saudi Arabia’s National Contracting Company. The contract is worth KD19.32m ($68m).

Morocco: Morocco’s Off ce National de l’Electricite has received 16 statements of qualif cation to build f ve wind farms with a total capacity of 850MW, with Chinese companies dominating the list.

Nigeria: The genset market in Nigeria was worth $450m in 2011 and will hit $950.7m by 2020 according to analysts at GlobalData, who also predict growth in South Africa, Egypt, Angola and Algeria.

Russia: RusHydro has commissioned a new unit which has added 640 MW in capacity to the company’s Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant, the largest hydro plant in Russia and the sixth largest in the world.

Russia: Power Machines has produced and tested a 330 MW steam turbine to upgrade the second power unit of Ryazanskaya coal f red power plant in Russia.

Saudi Arabia: Saudi Electricity Company has awarded two bulk supply point substation contracts to local company Al-Toukhi. The f rst, worth $89m, is for a 380/115kV substation at Al-Omran in the country’s eastern region while the second is for a 380/132/13.8kV substation at Muhayil West in the south.

UAE: Australia has signed a deal to supply uranium to the United Arab Emirates’ f edgling nuclear programme. The deal will see Australia supply uranium to power four planned reactors through 2020 and beyond, with the f rst reactor due on line in 2017.

Nigeria redraws licence rules to stop power project delays

US-based Petra Solar is to build a 5MW solar energy project and wireless Smart Grid network in Bahrain, with the enterprise also bringing together Bahrain Petro-leum Company (BAPCO) and the National Oil and Gas Authority.

BAPCO’s Awali township and the University of Bahrain will benef t from the project.

Petra Solar president Shihab Kuran said the project formed “the building blocks for command and control of smart cities”.

The World Bank has allocated a $200m loan to Kenya Power to develop the country’s power grid.

Kenya Power is the only transmission and distribution utility in East Africa’s largest economy, where blackouts are common due to generation shortfalls and an ageing grid.

Chief executive Joseph Njoroge said the f rst tranche of $50m would be invested in and around Nairobi because “there is compelling and urgent need for electricity network improvement”.

Kenya Power connected its 2 millionth customer in June this year.

Eskom Uganda is to invest $20m in two hydroelectric power plants in Uganda over the next f ve years.

The company will operate and maintain the plants located at the Owen Falls Dam complex in Jinja, Uganda.

The move follows Eskom’s previous investment of $15m to carry out refurbishment work at Nalubaale Power plant to extend its lifespan.

Eskom sells the hydropowered electricity it generates to Uganda Electricity Transmission Company.

Kenya gets $200m for grid upgrade

ABB has won an order worth over $40m to install high voltage in-sulated switchgear for a lead-ing engineering and construc-tion company in Saudi Arabia.

The Al Toukhi Group made the order to ABB to supply the 420 kV GIS equipment that will form an integral part of the New

Muhayil West and Al Omran substations being built for Saudi Electricity Company, the country’s national power transmission and distribution operator.

The substations are scheduled to be energized in June 2014.

Al Omran is part of the Qurayyah Independent Power Project.

ABB signs $40m Saudi switchgear deal

Despite the disaster at Fukushima last year, nuclear power will be-come more prevalent in the fu-ture, according to a new report by energy analysts GlobalData.

Research carried out by the company found that emerging nuclear countries are expected to add more than 95 000 MW in global nuclear installed capacity by 2030.

The Middle East, Africa and the Asia-Pacif c are highlighted regions set to substantially bolster their nuclear power production.

GlobalData states: “These countries have traditionally been dependent on fossil fuels to

maintain energy security, but with depleting reserves billed at higher prices and the impracticality of introducing large-scale renewable energy plants, many are increasing their reliance on nuclear power.”

GlobalData says the Middle East and North Africa is the top emerging nuclear region, with 42 000 MW of planned and proposed nuclear capacity to come on line by 2030.

Of these countries, the United Arab Emirates will increase nuclear power capacity the most, with 20 000 MW by 2030, generated by 14 new reactors.

Middle East tops nuclear poll

Eskom Uganda invests $20m into hydro

Bahrain poised for solar park and Smart Grid

PEi - July/August 2012 Visit www.powerengineeringint.com for more news 7

EUROPE••• WORLD NEWS •••

The Nordic Investment Bank has ap-proved loans worth €200m ($246m) to European energy projects.

The bank revealed it has provided €67m to Swedish energy company Vaxjo Energi to build a biomass combined heat and power plant in the city of Vaxjo and a loan agreement totalling €133m with f nancial services group Sparebank to fund small and medium-sized hydropower projects in Norway. The deal will cover hydropower projects between 1-5 MW.

Spanish energy company Iberbrola, through its UK subsidiary Scottish-Power Renewables, has awarded con-tracts worth €18m ($22m) as the f rst step towards building a 400 MW off-shore wind farm in German waters.

The 80-turbine Wikinger wind farm would be the larg-est project of its kind located in water depths of over 40 metres.

ScottishPower Renewables has hired British company Gardline and GEO of Denmark to conduct a full geological survey of the Baltic Sea area where the wind farm will be built in order to determine what type of foundations are required.

The companies will employ spe-cially designed vessels to take strati-graphic samples of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, requiring 63-metre boreholes to be drilled. They will also conduct seismic sur-veys using sound waves to deter-mine the structure of the terrain.

Keith Anderson, chief execu-tive of ScottishPower Renewables, said: “The start of sub-surface drill-ing is a crucial stage of the project.

“The outcome of geotechnical testing will provide us with valuable data which will determine the con-struction and design of the piles sup-porting the giant wind turbines”.

Emerging Eastern European nations are cutting back on their reliance on thermal power and trying to incorporate a greater share of renewables into their energy mix, according to a new report.

Energy industry analysts US-based GBI Research state that Lithuania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania are trying to lower their use of power from fossil fuels, which is becoming less

available and in turn more expensive.GBI predicts that cumulatively

the total installed capacity of these countries will climb from a 49 906 MW in 2011 to 65 989 MW by 2020, with renewable and nuclear energy taking a substantial share of this f gure.

Last year, thermal energy accounted for 53.5 per cent of the total installed capacity of these markets, which the report says will

drop to 44.5 per cent by 2020. In 2011, renewable and nuclear

power represented shares of 5.3 per cent and 13.8 per cent respectively, and these contributions are expected to rise to 12.8 per cent and 17.2 cent by the end of this decade.

Bulgaria is expected to dominate renewables in the region.

From a 2012 installed capacity of 435 MW, it will expand to 2672 MW by 2020.

Belgium: Federal agency of nuclear control, ACFN, halted the 1006 MW Doel 3 reactor, which provides one-sixth of Belgium’s nuclear power, until the end of August after fears that one of the components had cracked. “We have found anomalies,” said Karina De Beule, spokesman for the ACFN.

Estonia: Wind power and biomass have come top of a poll in Estonia to f nd the public’s f rst choice of energy sources.

Finland: Metso has been signed up by Jyvaskylan Energiantuotanto, part of Jyvaskylan Energia Group, to perform an extensive automation renewal project at its Rauhalahti combined heat and power plant in Finland

France: The French energy department has approved over 200 solar projects, totaling 541 MW in capacity.

Germany: Wind turbine manufacturer Fuhrlander says its recent takeover by a Ukrainian investor could enable a business relationship with Rosatom, as the Russian nuclear giant plans more development in wind energy.

Germany: Utility EnBW will not f le a legal complaint over the cost of the German government’s nuclear exit. It said it believed that its ownership structure would prevent it from being able to f le such a complaint: 46.75 per cent is owned by the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg, 46.75 per cent by local municipalities and just 0.39 per cent is privately held shares.

Ireland: ZeroPoint Clean Tech Incorporated’s second biomass gasif cation power plant is now producing carbon-negative heat and power in Newry, Ireland. Its f rst site, in Germany, became operational at the start of the year.

Switzerland: Swiss power company BKW has shut down its Muhleberg nuclear power plant for scheduled refuelling and annual upgrades. The work, which is expected to take four weeks, will include repeat tests and inspections in and on the reactor pressure vessel, and six of the 57 control rod drives will be replaced.

UK: Scotland’s f rst marine energy park has been launched. The Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Marine Energy Park was inaugurated by UK Energy Minister Greg Barker.

Bulgaria poised to lead surge in Eastern Europe renewables

EDF Energy has been given the go ahead from the European Commis-sion to build a new nuclear power plant at Hinkley Point C in the UK.

EDF Energy submitted relevant documentation to the European Commission in January 2010 in line with the requirements of the Euratom Treaty, under which developers of new nuclear power stations must notify the EC of any investment projects.

The Commission concluded that the project to build two EPR reactors at the site in England’s south-west “fulf ls the objectives of the Euratom Treaty and contributes to develop a sustainable national energy mix”.

EDF gets EU nod for nuclear plant

Iberdrola awards $22m deals to launch German wind farm

The extension of Germany’s high-voltage grid, which is a fundamental part of the country’s energy transition, has fallen even further behind schedule, says Bundesnetzagentur (BNA), the energy regulator.

According to BNA, more than half of the 24 most urgent grid expansion projects, identif ed under the German power grid expansion act, are now delayed by between one and f ve years.

The German government identif ed the 24 projects, which represent 1834 km in transmission

lines, before its decision to phase-out nuclear power by 2022 and accelerate the push towards renewable power.

However, Germany’s post-Fukushima energy strategy, known as the Energiewende, has increased the need for a network extension as the country is having to cope with grid bottlenecks in moving electricity from wind power hubs in the north and the east to demand centres in the south and the west.

Only two of the 24 projects, representing 214 km, have been completed, said BNA.

Further delays hit expansion work to Germany’s HV grid

Nordic Bank loans $246m to biomass and hydro projects


ASIA-PACIFIC••• WORLD NEWS •••

India’s Ministry of Power is plan-ning to conduct independent audits of the country’s electricity trans-mission system following the crip-pling blackout that affected half of the population at the end of July.

The decision was made at a meeting chaired by power secretary P. Uma Shankar.

As well as the decision to conduct independent third party audits of the grid protection systems, it was

also agreed to establish an effective plan to ensure the integrated operations of the national and regional grids in adherence with the Indian Electricity Grid Code.

It was also decided that all utilities must adopt best operation and maintenance practices, and would be subject to random checks by regional power committees.

India has suffered its worst blackout in over ten years on

July 30 following a grid failure that left more than 300m people without power in New Delhi and much of the north of the country.

Media reports speculated that the grid failure was caused by over-drawing by states as they tried to satisfy the high power demand of their citizens as temperatures soared.

The outage forced the shutdown of hydro plants and thermal power stations in Punjab and Haryana.

Asia-Pacif c: China overtook Japan as the world’s largest coal importer in 2011 and Indonesia overtook Australia as the biggest global exporter, according to to the Inter-national Energy Agency. Total global coal production increased by 6.6 per cent in 2011.

Cambodia: Cambodia’s f rst inte-grated biomass gasif cation project will be powered by GE gas engines. GE has signed a deal with Cambo-dian conglomerate Soma Group to supply engines to the plant.

China: Chinese wind companies won more than 30 per cent of global turbine sales in 2011 and their combined turbine manufacturing capacity is expected to be worth $73bn this year.

China: China’s natural gas consumption is set to almost treble over the next eight years. According to research from GlobalData, its consumption was 131.7bn m3 in 2011, already a steep rise from the 2000 f gure of 24.5bn m3. Consumption levels are predicted to soar to reach 375bn m3 by 2020.

India: BGR Energy Systems is building what it claims are the two biggest cooling towers in the world – at 202 metres high – as part of the construction of the Kalisindh thermal power plant in India.

India: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy plans to create a company to promote and execute biomass power projects in India. The company would be similar to the Solar Energy Corporation of India.

India: Minister of Power, Sushilkumar Shinde, has conf rmed a target of 88 000 MW of extra generation capacity in the next f ve years, as part of the country’s new 12th Five-Year Plan (2012-2017). India’s current generation capacity is 200 000 MW, but still suffers from a peak shortfall of 10 per cent.

Indonesia: A $130m hydroelectric plant is being built in Indonesia for PT Wampu Electric Power. It is the f rst private power project in the country to benef t from a business viability guarantee letter issued by the Ministry of Finance, under regulations introduced in 2011.

Japan: Sumitomo Electric Industries has installed and demonstrated a MW-class concentrating photovoltaic (CPV)/energy storage system on the premises of its Yokohama Works in Japan.

India plans transmission audit after devastating blackouts

The operator of the Fukushima nuclear power plant, Tokyo Electric Power Co (Tepco), posted a quarterly net loss of $3.69bn, a day after it was nationalised.

Japan’s biggest utility revealed losses of 288bn yen, a huge amount yet almost half of the 571bn yen losses of a year earlier.

Earlier this month the Japanese government took a 50.1 per cent stake in Tepco and provided a cash injection of 1 trillion yen, which the company will use to pay clean-up and compensation costs associated with last year’s disaster.

Hokuriku Electric was the only utility to post a f rst quarter prof t.

Tepco nationalised as loss hits $3.6bn

China has released its renewable energy targets under its current f ve-year economic plan which runs from 2011 to 2015.

The country’s National Energy Administration said its ultimate target was for total renewable energy consumption to reach 478

million metric tonnes (mt) of coal equivalent, representing 9.5 per cent or more of the overall energy consumption mix by the end of 2015.

Total installed hydropower capacity is targeted to reach 290m kW, wind power at 100m kW and solar 21m kW.

China sets renewables targets

Siemens has received an order with a combined capacity of 270 MW for a wind farm in Australia.

Snowtown II wind farm will be located approximately 140 km north of Adelaide in South Australia and be operated by TrustPower, one of New Zealand’s biggest utilities.

The deal covers the delivery, installation, commissioning and servicing of 90 of Siemens’ 3 MW turbines.

Installation is scheduled to begin next year with commissioning of the plant planned for 2014.

Clean energy developer Camco Inter-national is to build a biogas project in Malaysia – its f rst in Southeast Asia.

The 2MW plant, based at a palm oil mill in Palong, will use anaerobic digestion to recover biogas containing methane from palm oil mill eff uent.

Camco claims it will be among the largest of its type to date to generate electricity for supply to the Malaysian national grid.

Camco South East Asia has acquired the rights to develop the project through the acquisition of Biopower

Climate Care Holding, a fully owned subsidiary of Rhodia Energy.

Construction work is expected to be completed early next year.

The total cost of the project, including the acquisition of Biopower, is anticipated to be around $4m.

The project is being developed under a 13 year build-own-operate-transfer agreement with the mill. The plant will generate revenue from the sale of electricity to the grid and from the sale of carbon credits generated under the UN clean development mechanism.

Camco purchase of Biopower leads to Malaysia biogas plant

South Korea’s Daelim Industrial Co has awarded Babcock & Wilcox Beijing Company (BWBC) a $300m subcontract to build a coal f red power plant in Vietnam.

BWBC will provide equipment for PetroVietnam’s 1200 MW

Thai Binh II power plant. It will design and manufacture two 600MW boilers, boiler auxiliaries and two wet f ue gas desulfurization units for the plant.

The units are expected to be built and operational by 2016.

Babcock to build Vietnam coal plant

Australia set for 270 MW wind farm

PEi - July/August 2012 Visit www.powerengineeringint.com for more news 9

AMERICAS••• WORLD NEWS •••

The US Department of Defense is to use 16m acres of its land for renewable energy generation to power military installations.

Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta and Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to encourage the development of renewable projects on public land previously set aside for defense-related purposes.

“We are making millions of acres

of public lands and offshore areas available that have the greatest potential for utility-scale solar and wind projects,” said Salazar.

Of the 16m acres targeted for renewable projects, about 13m acres are in the west of the US and are high in wind, solar and geothermal resources, while offshore wind is abundant around installations on Atlantic, Pacif c, Gulf of Mexico and Hawaii coasts.

Panetta said: “Renewable energy projects built on these lands will provide reliable, local sources of power for military installations, allow for a continued energy supply if the commercial power grid gets disrupted and will help lower utility costs.”

The US Army, Navy and Air Force have each committed to deploy 1 GW of renewable energy on or near its installations by 2025.

Brazil: Californian technology provider Silver Spring Networks has been picked by energy company CPFL Energia to deliver a Smart Grid networking project in Brazil. The project will be rolled out across the states of Sao Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná and Minas Gerais.

Canada: Candu Energy has signed a deal with China National Nuclear Corp’s subsidiary companies, Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Co, China North Nuclear Fuel Corp and Nuclear Power Institute of China, to continue cooperation in the development of recycled uranium and thorium as alternative fuels for new Candu reactors.

Canada: Bruce Power has said that Unit 1 of its Bruce A nuclear power plant in Ontario is in the f nal stages of commissioning and test-ing. The 750 MW Unit 1 is on track to achieve commercial operation in the third quarter of 2012.

Chile: Energy group Enersis is to go ahead with a planned capital increase of up to $8bn while the company’s parent, Spain’s Endesa, will back the deal with up to $4.86bn in assets.

Peru: Peru plans to auction off con-cessions to build two gas pipelines, according to Mines and Energy Minister Jorge Merino.

Uruguay: APR Energy bridged an urgent power shortfall for a customer in Uruguay with a 100 MW temporary power solution. It provided the supplementary power to an existing site 40km northwest of Montevideo.

US: The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality in the US has approved a new permit by rule for combined heat and power systems that is expected to reduce regula-tory delays and eliminate certain equipment costs, ultimately encour-aging its greater development.

US: Wal-Mart Stores has installed more than 150 US solar projects this year. Having just opened its 100th solar powered store in San Diego, the company expects to have as much as 90 MW of capacity by the end of the year.

US: The 177 MW Cape Fear plant in North Carolina and 316 MW Robinson Unit 1 plant in South Carolina have been scheduled for early retirement by Duke Energy subsidiary, Progress Energy for 1st October of this year.

US military sets aside 16m acres for renewables projects

Shaw Group, the company at the forefront in developing Ameri-ca’s next generation of nuclear power plants, has been bought out by Texas engineering group CB&I in a deal worth $3bn.

Shaw is building two nuclear power plants – the f rst to be licensed in the US since 1978 – in South Carolina in co-operation with Westinghouse.

It is also developing a further nuclear plant in Georgia and building four nuclear units in China with Westinghouse.

A 90 MW, $210m wind com-plex comprising three wind farms has started operations in the state of Bahia in Brazil.

The three farms – Macaubas, Novo Horizonte and Seabra – all have capacity of 30 MW and are operated by Desenvix Energias Renovaveis.

Equipment was provided by Alstom and construction carried out by Brazilian f rm Engevix Engenharia.

Meanwhile in Mexico, eight 2.75 MW turbines supplied by GE are to provide the power for public lighting in Santa Catarina, Nuevo León.

The turbines are on a wind farm being built by Mexican hydroelectric company Comexhidro.

Latin America sees wind farm progress

The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) has authorised a $32m loan guarantee to a Brazilian wind power company that plans to buy turbine blades from an American manufacturer.

Brazilian wind turbine manufacturer Wind Power Energia, a subsidiary of Argentina’s Industrias

Metalurgicas Pescarmonais based in Sao Paulo, is building a 211 MW wind farm in the Brazilian state of Ceara and a 180 MW wind farm in the state of Bahia.

It will use the bank loan to buy turbine blades for both projects from Arkansas-based LM Wind Power Blades.

US Ex-Im Bank in $32m Brazilian loan

The US Nuclear Regulatory Com-mission (NRC) is to stop issu-ing f nal licenses for nuclear pow-er plants until it addresses the concerns over its nuclear waste policy, which were raised by a re-cent federal appeals court decision.

The NRC’s decision could affect up to 19 f nal reactor licensing decisions – nine construction and operating licenses, eight license renewals, one operating license, and one early site permit.

In June, the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia

Circuit threw out the NRC rule that permitted licensing and re-licensing of nuclear reactors based on the suppositions that, f rstly, the NRC will f nd a way to dispose of spent reactor fuel to be generated by reactors at some time in the future when it becomes “necessary”, and secondly, in the mean time, spent fuel can be stored safely at reactor sites.

The court noted that after decades of failure to site a repository, the NRC “has no long-term plan other than hoping for a geologic repository”.

Waste fears see regulator halt US nuclear reactor licensing

Hydrochina Corp is to conduct a fea-sibility study for the construction of a hydroelectric plant under a memo-randum of understanding signed with the Bolivian government.

The 400 MW plant is being proposed for the eastern province

of Santa Cruz. The memorandum was signed by Hydrocarbons and Energy Minister Juan Jose Sosa and Hydrochina Corp representatives in the presence of Chinese Ambassador to Bolivia Li Dong, the ministry said in a statement.

Deal signed for Bolivian hydro plant

Nuclear developer Shaw Group sold to CB&I for $3bn


COMPANIES••• WORLD NEWS •••

French energy giant EDF is looking into “f nding new part-ners” for its plans to build new nuclear reactors in the UK.

EDF is poised to build four 1600 MW EPR reactors in Britain with Centrica as its junior partner.

The company’s chief f nancial off cer Thomas Piquemal said that while “EDF’s goal has always been – and remains – to be in control of the operations... this does not

mean that we absolutely need to control 80 per cent of the projects”.

He added: “This is why we are looking into opening up a little bit more our capital in these projects by f nding new partners.”

Piquemal made his comments as EDF today revealed its half-year results, which saw strong performances in its hydropower and renewables divisions compensating for nuclear losses.

The state-owned company posted a 4.6 per cent rise in f rst-half net prof t to €2.8bn ($3.4bn) while net prof t excluding non-recurring items was up 10.3 per cent to €2.9bn.

Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation rose 4.6 per cent to €9.1bn, with sales up 8.2 per cent to €36.2bn.

Sales in France totalled €20.7m, while the company also recorded growth in the UK and Italy.

E.ON: E.ON announced that f rst-half earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation will near $8.3bn, up from $4.3bn a year ago. Underlying net income rose to $4.1bn from $1.1bn a year earlier.

Arise Windpower: Renewables developer Arise saw its share price rise by 6.2 per cent after it signed a contract to take over a 40-turbine wind power project in Sweden.

Rosatom: Rosatom has opened its third off ce outside Russia, with an eye on developing its business in South Africa, including marketing and promotion of the Russian nuclear technology in the South African market, as well as developing relationships with potential customers, partners, and regulators.

Vattenfall: As part of a “strategic reorientation”, Germany power company Vattenfall Europe AG is to be merged into its immediate shareholder Vattenfall Deutschland GmbH, which will be renamed Vattenfall GmbH.

Vestas: In the second quarter (Q2) of 2012, Vestas produced and shipped 2160 MW of turbines, a 132 per cent rise on the Q1 f gure of 931 MW and a 52 per cent increase on the 1417 MW of Q2 2011. Revenue in Q2 2012 was €1611m compared to €1105m in Q1 and €1401m a year earlier.

Eskom: South Africa’s national power utility, Eksom, plans to replace six steam generators at the Koeberg nuclear power station at Western Cape during 2016/17 and requires suppliers to fulf l the objective.

FuelCell Energy: FuelCell Energy Inc has announced that FuelCell Energy Solutions, GmbH (Germany) has sold their f rst stationary fuel cell power plant, a sub-megawatt DFC250-EU®, to BAM Deutschland AG.

Enel: Italy’s largest electricity company is blaming European austerity for its results in the f rst half of this year. The Rome-based utility said net prof t in the f rst six months dropped to EUR 1.82bn ($2.24bn) from EUR2.55bn a year earlier.

Westinghouse: Ken Okuda has been appointed vice president and coordination off cer for Westinghouse Nuclear Services, replacing Takeshi Tanazawa, who had f lled that role since December 2006 and is currently Westinghouse senior vice president and chief coordination off cer.

EDF looks for new UK nuclear partners as prof ts hit $3.4bn

Vestas has received its f rst Ital-ian order for its V100 turbine.

The company will supply 11 of the V100-1.8 MW turbines, representing a total capacity of 19.8 MW, for the Santa Luce Wind Power Plant Tuscany.

The contract comprises delivery, transportation, installation and commissioning of the turbines, as well as a 15-year service and maintenance agreement.

The order has been placed by Santa Luce, a special purpose company of Italian wind power developer Fera. Previously, Fera has developed other wind farms with Vestas, with a total capacity of 45 MW.

Vestas wins f rst V100 Italian orders

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has cre-ated posts of chief regional off cers in Latin America and the Asia-Pacif c.

The chief regional off cer of Latin America will be Yoshihiko Aihara, currently general manager of MHI’s Machinery & Steel Infrastructure Systems division, while his

Asia-Pacif c counterpart will be Yukinori Horiguchi, presently senior vice-president of Global Strategic Planning & Operations. Aihara will be based in Brazil and Horiguchi in Singapore. They take up their roles on September 1 and October 1 respectively.

Mitsubishi Heavy creates new top jobs to tap Latin America and Asia-Pacif c

Temporary power supplier Ag-greko has reported notably high-er prof ts for the f rst half of the year, but warned that slower growth in emerging markets could hamper that upward trend.

It is now the leading supplier of temporary power in the world with a market share of 30 per cent and has supported the Glastonbury music festival, the inauguration of President Obama, and this month’s Olympic Games in the UK (see feature, pXX).

First half revenues rose by 16 per cent from $836m a year ago

to $1142m, with f rst half prof ts jumping from $197m to $247m.

However chief executive Rupert Soames said: “These are numbers that may moderate a bit in the second half, but they are still attractive. We anticipate underlying growth will be lower in the second half than in the f rst, in part because of tougher comparators, and in part because of continued macroeconomic weakness in some of our larger mature markets.”

The company’s order book climbed 16 per cent in the f rst half.

Aggreko enjoys rising prof ts but forecasts tougher times

Technology company Ventyx has won contracts worth more than $7m to provide software solutions to South African utility Eskom.

Ventyx will install supervisory control software for real-time network monitoring across Eskom’s systems.

It will also deploy its Ventyx Equipment Reliability solution – to help improve processes, equipment reliability and performance within power generation, transmission and distribution operations – at Eskom’s Koeberg nuclear power station.

Ventyx wins $7m South African deals

Gamesa sells third Polish wind farm to Germany’s RWE

Spain’s Gamesa has sold Taciewo wind farm in Poland to RWE Re-newables Polska, a subsidiary of German f rm RWE Innogy.

The deal is Gamesa’s third sale in 18 months of a Polish wind farm to RWE: it sold 14 MW Krzecin wind farm in July and 32 MW Piecki in January.

Taciewo has an installed capacity of 30 MW, comprised of 15 G90-2.0 MW turbines.

Gamesa’s wind portfolio in Poland totalled 786 MW as of June.

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BRIC-built power houses The nuclear power programmes of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) are at different levels of progress, but some are already having an impact on the global sector.

As economies develop, their demand for power grows. The BRIC countries – Brazil, Russia, India and China – currently account for nearly a quarter of world GDP but this f gure is set to soar.

New power stations are needed and the imperative is to establish affordable, low-carbon energy from secure sources of supply. In pursuit of this goal, each of the four BRIC nations now has nuclear reactors, which collectively generate more than 11 per cent of global nuclear-fuelled electricity.

Russia started nuclear generation more than 50 years ago, India more than 40 years ago, Brazil in 1982 and China in 1994. Russia, India and China all have ambitious expansion plans for nuclear power – and Russia and China are increasingly keen to f nd opportunities to export nuclear goods and services.

China currently accounts for 41 per cent of reactors under construction globally, and India 11 per cent. Russia plans to double nuclear output by 2020. But Brazil is the BRIC’s nuclear minnow with only modest plans for future nuclear generation.

The Fukushima Daiichi disaster in March 2011 slowed nuclear development worldwide. Some governments decided to phase out nuclear power and abandoned plans for new nuclear. But the BRICs pressed on.

China suspended approvals for nuclear reactors for a few months while it designed a new nuclear regulatory regime and in June 2011 it resumed its nuclear expansion programme. Russia implemented checks on its nuclear plants and in June 2011 announced a 15 billion

rouble ($530 million) national nuclear safety upgrade programme to install additional power and water supply back-up. In India, task forces introduced safety recommendations to improve the safety of reactors in use. Brazil carried out security checks at its two reactors and, f nding no risk of a similar accident, let its nuclear programme continue.

RUSSIA: AIMS FOR TRANSITION TO FAST REACTORS Russia currently produces more than 17.5 per cent of its electricity from nuclear generation. Across ten power stations run by Rosenergoatom (Rosatom), the country has over 30 operational reactors, the world’s fourth largest f eet behind the US, France and Japan. Eleven more reactors are under construction.

Although Russia has been generating commercial nuclear power for more than f ve decades using its own reactor designs, new nuclear development ground to a halt after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, followed by the Soviet Union’s disintegration. The industry picked up towards the end of the century, when Russia secured deals to export reactors to Iran, China and India. Early this century the domestic nuclear construction programme then revived. The last 15 years have also brought a marked rise in the eff ciency of Russia’s nuclear reactors.

In June 2010, Russia’s government approved plans for 173 GW of new generating capacity by 2030, of which 43.4 GW will come from nuclear. The government’s 2010 Federal Target Programme (FTP) set out plans for nuclear’s share in electricity supply to hit 25–30 per cent by 2030, 50 per cent by 2050 and 70–80 per cent by 2100.

Penny Hitchin Nuclear power in the BRICs

Units 1 and 2 of the Taishan EPR nuclear plant, which is currently under construction in China Source: Areva

Nuclear power in the BRICs

PEi - July/August 2012 www.powerengineeringint.com 13

Russia’s existing nuclear reactors consist of 17 pressurised water reactors (PWRs), 13 light water graphite reactors, and one BN-600 fast–breeder reactor. The capacity totals 24 164 MW. Five older reactors are permanently shut down.

The FTP assumes development of VVER (Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactor) PWR technology this decade. But Russia is a world leader in fast neutron reactor technology and Rosatom’s strategy to 2050 involves a transition to fast reactors with a closed fuel cycle using MOX fuel. Fast reactors are projected to generate 14 GW by 2030 and 34 GW by 2050.

Reactors currently being constructed include seven VVERs – each of about 1200 MW – two small reactors to serve as f oating power

modules supplying power and heat to isolated coastal towns, and Russia’s f rst Generation III fast reactor, the Beloyarsk-4 BN-800. This is due to be ready for testing and commissioning this year, with f rst criticality in September 2014. The f rst unit is intended to demonstrate the use of MOX fuel made from weapons-grade plutonium at industrial scale, validating the closed fuel cycle technology.

Russia is also developing the BN-1200 fast reactor but this is unlikely to be operational this decade.

CHINA: EXPANSION AND LOCALISATIONChina may have been the last BRIC nations to start nuclear generation but it unquestionably plans the fastest expansion. With 14 reactors

2010 2011 % increase Share of world total (2011)

Brazil 3.3 3.5 7.8 0.6

Russia 38.5 39.2 1.6 6.5

China 16.7 19.5 16.9 3.3

India 5.2 7.3 39.6 1.2

BRIC nations’ annual nuclear power consumption Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2012

Country Units MW(net)

Construction start

Grid connection

China 26 27 400 2007–2010 2012–2016

Russia 10 8258 1983–2012 2013–2017

India 7 4824 2002–2011 2013–2016

Brazil 1 1245 2010 2018

Nuclear reactor construction in BRIC nations, July 2012 Source : IAEA-PRIS, 2012

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coming into operation in less than 20 years and more than two dozen new reactor builds underway, mainland China is the world’s leading nuclear construction hotspot. Nuclear capacity currently totals 10.8 GW, but China’s ambitious plans are for at least 60 GW by 2020, 200 GW by 2030, and 400 GW by 2050.

China used foreign technology and expertise to kick-start its commercial nuclear power programme but is rapidly becoming self-suff cient in reactor design, build, operation and fuel-cycle management. Construction of the f rst commercial reactors, 994 MW French PWR units supplied by Framatome (now Areva), was managed by French utility EDF working with Chinese engineers. Generation started in 1994 and 1995. The next two reactors using the same technology started generating commercially in 2002 and 2003, and featured 30 per cent localisation. The CPR-1000 (Chinese Pressurised Reactor) derived from this work can now be entirely manufactured in China, although the licence prohibits exporting the design.

China’s f rst ‘home-grown’ nuclear power plant was a 300 MW PWR (CNP-300) which started operating in 1994. The f rst upgraded 600 MW PWR (CNP-600) entered commercial operation in April 2002 and the second in May 2004.

Atomic Energy of Canada (AECL) has built two CANDU reactors in China. The 665 MW pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWRs) came into operation in 2002 and 2003, but no further PHWRs are planned.

Russian PWR technology was used at Tianwan where two 1060 MW VVER reactors with western instrument and control systems were built under a co-operation agreement. The f rst unit entered commercial operation in June 2007 and the second a year later. More VVER reactors are due to follow.

Eight years ago China sought overseas bids to build four big Generation III reactors and to transfer technology so that it could swiftly develop localised production of new reactors. Westinghouse – in competition with Areva (EPR) and Atomstroyexport (VVER-1000 model V-392) – won the bid with its AP1000. With the build and technology transfer programmes now well underway, the localised CAP 1000 will join the CPR 1000 as the mainstay of China’s nuclear expansion programme. There are plans to design 1400+ MW versions of both reactors.

In a separate contract, without the technology transfer element, Areva is building two1650 MW EPR reactors.

In the longer term, China is eyeing fast neutron reactors. The 65 MW Chinese Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) achieved criticality in July 2010 and was grid-connected in 2011. A Chinese Demonstration Fast Reactor (CDFR) project is due to start construction in 2017 for commissioning 2022. Another fast neutron project is for two 880 MW Russian BN-800 fast reactors at Sanming, which were due to start operation in 2019 and 2020, although f nancial negotiations have delayed the project.

INDIA: EMBRACING FOREIGN TECHNOLOGYIndia operates 20 nuclear power reactors with a combined capacity of 4 GW. Another f ve reactors are under construction but the nation plans an ambitious roll-out to get 14 600 MW of nuclear capacity on line by

2020 and 27 500 MW by 2024. By 2050, India plans to supply a quarter of its electricity from nuclear power. To meet these objectives, massive investment and development are clearly vital.

Off cial foreign nuclear co-operation was interrupted by India’s nuclear weapons test in 1974, stopping imports of nuclear technology and fuel for many years. In 2009, the ban on nuclear technology export to India was lifted and it now imports technology from the US, France and Russia, although its recent Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act has raised concern among potential foreign suppliers over the extent of third-party liability.

India’s nuclear strategy – intended to deliver energy security beyond 2050 – is a three-stage programme. The f rst stage involves building and operating PHWRs using India’s available but limited uranium resource, producing electricity and plutonium. The second stage is to develop plutonium-fuelled fast breeder reactors producing electricity and more plutonium and uranium-233 from thorium – India leads the world in research into the thorium fuel cycle and has considerable thorium resources. The plan’s third stage is for reactors based on the thorium cycle to produce electricity and uranium-233.

India’s f rst reactors, two 150 MWe Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) built on a turnkey contract by GE, started operating in 1969. The remaining 18 operational reactors are PHWRs ranging in capacity from 90 MW to 490 MW. The f rst was built in collaboration with AECL and started generating in 1972.

India’s self-suff ciency has not always led to eff ciency. Delays plague construction and operational targets have rarely been met. The 2011 lifetime load factor of 57.3 per cent is the lowest in the world. Four

In June , the reactor pressure vessel of Taishan Unit 1 was successfully lowered into place Source: Areva



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700 MW PHWR reactors are currently being built and are due on line by 2017.

India’s f rst large PWR nuclear station, consisting of two VVER-1000 reactors, is being built at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu. In 2010, India signed agreements with Areva for the f rst two in a series of six reactors at Jaitapur in Maharashtra, plus the supply of fuel, but the contract has not yet been f nalised. In June 2012 Westinghouse and Nuclear Power Corporation of Inia Ltd signed a memorandum of understanding supporting future construction of AP1000 reactors at Mithivirdi in Gujarat.

Issues around insurance and f nance will need to be settled before India can have conf dence that its nuclear expansion plans are realisable.

BRAZIL: STOP–START PROGRAMMEBrazil has the smallest nuclear sector of the four BRIC nations and – unlike the other three – it only uses imported technology. After following an erratic approch to nuclear power over the last four deades, Brazil now has two operational reactors and one under construction.

Brazil’s nuclear involvement started in 1971 when the government awarded a turnkey contract to Westinghouse to build its f rst reactor at Angra, a coastal site between Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The 626 MW Angra 1 PWR started commercial operation in 1985.

In 1975, the government, seeking nuclear self-suff ciency, signed an agreement with West Germany to supply eight 1300 MW reactors over 15 years. The deal included a technology transfer agreement intended to establish a Brazilian supply chain to manufacture the bulk of the components. But Brazil’s economic problems scuppered the scheme at an early stage. Construction of the 1270 MW Angra 2 PWR resumed only in 1995 and the reactor started generating in 2000.

Today, Angra 1 and 2 form Brazil’s entire nuclear f eet, with a combined capacity of 1896 MW, which delivered 3.2 per cent of its electricity in 2011.

Construction of Angra 3, designed to be a twin of unit 2, started in 1984 but was suspended within two years. In November 2006, the government resurrected its nuclear ambitions and announced plans to complete Angra 3 and build another four 1000 MW nuclear plants. In 2008, Brazil’s nuclear utility Eletronuclear agreed a deal with Areva to complete construction of Angra 3. Work resumed in 2010, but the plant is not expected to operate until 2016, at the earliest.

To enlarge the country’s nuclear energy capacity, Electronuclear considered Westinghouse’s AP1000, Areva-Mitsubishi’s Atmea-1 and Atomstroyexport’s VVER-1000 technologies. The utility’s initial siting studies have looked at locations in the country’s northeast, as well as at Angra and elsewhere in the south.

In May 2012, the government said that construction of any new plants would not commence until after 2020. Nuclear’s high-capital cost and the growth of renewable energy contributed to this decision along with strikingly poor public acceptance of nuclear – Brazil was ranked last in an IPSOS 24-country study, which found that 89 per cent of its population is against nuclear power.



UAE: ON A FAST TRACK TO JOIN THE NUCLEAR POWER ‘CLUB’?

About 30 countries operate commercial nuclear power reactors and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) wants to be the next. Construction of the f rst of four new reactors is reported to have started, with production of the f rst nuclear power scheduled to start in 2017.

The UAE decided in 2008 that nuclear energy was the way to meet its projected rise in electricity demand from 15.5 GW in 2008 to more than 40 GW by 2020. Developing a nuclear power programme means investing in a capital-intensive, hazardous and highly technical industry requiring a lot of infrastructure. Historically, it has been a slow and expensive business, requiring government commitment, ongoing R&D, a complex regulatory regime, skilled staff, a supply chain and arrangements for spent fuel and radioactive waste management.

The Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) was set up to devise and implement plans. The UAE is using joint venture arrangements to create a nuclear industry within a decade by buying in established technology, skills and systems. The UAE sought bids to supply 5 GW of nuclear power by 2020 with another 15 GW to follow using standardised reactor technology. By mid-2009, ENEC had a short list of three bidders promoting their own reactor design. Areva’s Evolutionary Power Reactor (EPR) was backed by a consortium of Areva, Suez and Total. GE-Hitachi proposed its Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR), while a Korea Electric Power Company (KEPCO) consortium offered its APR1400 PWR.

In December 2009, the KEPCO consortium, which comprises Samsung, Hyundai and Doosan, was awarded a $20 billion contract to build four APR1400 reactors in the UAE. The foreign joint venture partners will supply the fuel and take responsibility for spent fuel. Operating the reactors for 60 years will double the value of the contract.

KEPCO operates 20 generators in Korea, but this was its f rst reactor export project. The Generation III advanced PWR design was certif ed by the Korean regulators in 2003 and the f rst units, being built at Shin-Kori in Korea, are due to enter commercial operation in 2013 and 2014. These units will be the ‘reference plants’ for the UAE. The reactor has a projected 48 month construction period and a 60-year design life.

UAE is fast-tracking the build up of infrastructure and skills. Its Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR), set up in 2009, has close links with the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the two-step licensing reviews, issuing a Construction License followed by an Operating License is based on the US model.

ENEC expects to employ over 2000 people by 2020, and has a target of 60 per cent of them being from the Emirates. An ambitious training programme is being set up, which includes placements in Korea, Japan and the USA.

As to the vexed issue of nuclear waste, UAE says it is developing a national storage and disposal programme in parallel with exploring regional cooperation options.

EXPORTING NUCLEAR SERVICESRussia and China both have an eye on opportunities for exporting nuclear technologies and services. Russia has exported VVER reactors to Iran, China and India, while China has built two CNP-300 reactors in Pakistan.

Russian and Chinese companies are reported to be seeking a foothold in UK nuclear power generation by buying Horizon Nuclear Power, a joint venture owned by RWE and E.ON. The joint venture is currently up for sale after its parent companies quit UK nuclear, citing concerns over the current economic viability of nuclear power in Britain.

China’s State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation and Westinghouse could be in competition over Horizon with China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation aligned with Areva. Both reactor designs, the AP1000 and the EPR, are under construction in China, and both Westinghouse and Areva have established tie-ups with the Chinese f rms.

Rosatom is also believed to be interested in the UK nuclear market, but its VVER reactors would have to undergo a lengthy regulatory Generic Design Approval process, making that an unlikely deal.

BRIC’S ROLE IN FUTURE TECHNOLOGYAlthough nuclear power is an established technology, it is very much a work in progress. The uranium-based nuclear reactor is ineff cient and burns only a small proportion of the highest quality fuel, leaving a lot of radioactive material. The relationship between nuclear energy and nuclear weapons, the unresolved issue of long-term nuclear waste management, and ongoing safety and security challenges all mean that the drive to improve nuclear generation technology is vital if nuclear energy is to be safe, secure and affordable.

Russia is a world leader in fast reactor technology development. India leads world research into thorium reactors and China has active research programmes for both thorium and fast reactors. These three countries share a desire to make nuclear a mainstay of their electricity generation and are committed to development of the technology. In the decades ahead they could be world leaders in a new generation of nuclear generation.

0

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100000

150000

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Annual electric power production of BRIC nations, 2011 Source : IAEA-PRIS, 2012

0

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Brazil China India Russia

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Wind rush sweeps acrossSouth America It is an understatement to say South America’s wind development market is hot. We examine what is driving the activity, who is investing where and how long this ‘gold rush’ might last.

Dino Barajas has represented renewable energy companies in Latin America for 15 years and these days f nds himself increasing f elding inquiries from new players venturing for the

f rst time into the region. “Within the last three months, it has multiplied exponentially,” said

Barajas, a partner with the international law f rm Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld. “You are seeing even the small wind developers looking at the Latin American market.”

Both external and internal forces are spurring the growth. Wind often proves to be a low-cost way to meet the continent’s rising demand for power. Plus, key industry players often active in the US and China such as Alstom, Gamesa, GE Wind, Iberdrola, Impsa Wind, Siemens, Sinovel, Suzlon, Vestas and Goldwind seek geographic diversif cation as near-term prospects grow dubious in those countries.

“South American economies are seeing growth in recent years, and with economic growth comes increased demand for power. With this new demand comes an ideal opportunity to integrate sources of renewable power generation,” said Tim Rosenzweig, chief executive of Goldwind USA, a unit of China-based Goldwind, one of the world’s largest wind turbine manufacturers. “Many countries in South America are capitalising on that opportunity and Goldwind has already experienced success there with three projects in Chile and Ecuador. We are well positioned for continued growth throughout the region.”

Not surprisingly, much of South America’s action is in Brazil, the region’s largest and most populated country, and the Americas’ third largest electricity market behind the US and Canada. Over the last decade, economic growth has driven up Brazil’s energy consumption by nearly a third.

The 43 turbines of the Rawson wind farm should contribute 320 MWh each year to Argentina’s power supply Source: Vestas

Wind investment in South America Elisa Wood

Wind investment in South America


Overall, Latin America is expected to add at least 8.6 GW of wind power over the next four years, more than doubling its current wind capacity. Of that, Brazil will provide about 7 GW, signalling that it is “becoming established as a major international market”, according to the Global Wind Energy Council’s (GWEC) most recent annual forecast. Global developers are striking deals with Brazilian partners and manufacturers are setting up shop, with an eye on not only Brazil, but also countries such as Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Uruguay.

“They are looking for niche opportunities,” said Roger Rosendahl, a partner in DLA Piper’s Corporate and Finance practice. And these developers are f nding them in a market that until a few years ago had counted its wind power megawatts in only the double digits.

MARKET-SAVVY BRAZILPart of Brazil’s allure comes from its move toward a more sophisticated power market. “It is a very well thought-out rationalised system. They looked at California as an example of what not to do,” said Rosendahl, referring to California’s troubled attempt to liberalise its retail and wholesale power markets a decade ago.

Brazil has tried to spur renewable energy development with two approaches. The f rst, called the Programme of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources, or PROINFA, was largely a government-managed strategy. The second, and more recent, is a market-based approach.

PROINFA began in 2002 with the creation of quotas for wind, biomass and small hydroelectric supply under government def ned prices and long-term supply contracts between developers and utilities. The feed-in tariff style programme was slow to achieve its initial goals, partly because of bureaucratic delays, obstacles in connecting projects to the grid and a lack of domestic equipment, according to a joint report by the Brazilian Wind Energy Association and GWEC. Later modif ed, PROIFNA eventually picked up pace, with Brazil installing 1000 MW of wind power by June 2011.

The second approach, a more competition-based strategy, began in 2009 with auctions held by the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy. Auctions conducted from 2009 through 2011 netted more than 6500 MW of project bids.

In Brazil, the alternatives to wind are often impractical and expensive: imported natural gas or new transmission lines. “It is much more cost-effective to build a wind development,” said Barajas.

0

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1 500

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Brazil’s installed wind capacity growth Source: GWEC




Unlike in North America, where natural gas is more readily available, wind power undercuts natural gas, which makes up only 7 per cent of Brazil’s energy supply, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).

Wind also nets a higher price for developers than it might in a region where other resources provide more robust competition. The scarcity of competing resources, especially natural gas, and the cost of wheeling power long distances become embedded in the wind energy prices, creating a strong incentive for developers to do business in the region. As a result, private investors are striking deals outside government-led auctions. By 2011, 18 wind farms, totalling 546 MW, were being built through this non-regulated market, according to the report.

Electricity from large hydro facilities, which provide most of Brazil’s power, can out-compete wind power on price. But the country is attempting to diversity and become less dependent on hydropower, in part because of environmental concerns, said Rosendahl.

“Brazil has an increased need for energy in a growing economy, and a sensible, rational regulatory system, where wind is competitive with natural gas. Voila you have a formula for a very attractive market, and people are rushing there,” he said.

CHILE, CHINA AND RAW MATERIALSMeanwhile, Chile’s rich supplies of metals are prompting a surge in wind development. The mining sector is booming as China’s global search for raw materials such as copper, iron and gold focuses in on Chile’s abundant resources. But mines are often in mountains far from population centres and electricity grids. So, instead of attempting to build long and costly transmission lines, operators are opting for quick-to-construct wind farms.

“From a government point of view, promoting renewable energy is much more cost eff cient than trying to wire up the entire country,” said Barajas. “Rather than building a 300 mile [480 km] transmission line, you can site a 100 MW wind project and augment it with a solar development or some other technology to smooth out the production curve. This makes a lot more sense than building a transmission line to a remote part of the country to power a mine that that may be in existence for only 20 to 30 years”.

Chile also sees wind power as a way to boost its energy security. The country’s precarious dependence on fossil fuel imports was made plain in 2007 when Argentina cut off its natural gas exports to Chile. While local hydropower supplies about a third of the country’s electricity, the rest comes from coal and gas f red power plants that mostly burn imported fuel. Meanwhile, Chile’s power needs are growing by 6 to 8 per cent each year, according to GWEC.

“A large copper mine wants a dependable source of energy at a predictable price and from a resource that isn’t going to be subject to global politics,” said Barajas. Wind power also offers the advantage of being modular, so mines can build the wind farms in stages, adding turbines as the operation grows, he added. And the mines are so prof table, it is fairly easy to secure f nancing for the wind farms.

By the end of 2011, about 5000 MW of new renewable energy projects were in some stage of development in Chile, with three f fths of the capacity from wind. How much of that will be built remains unclear but GWEC expects about 260 MW of wind to come on line this year.

END TO ARGENTINA’S FINANCING WOES?Argentina’s $95 billion debt default in 2001–02 has plagued the country’s attempts to borrow money and has hampered wind farm

Cash windfall: external and internal forces are driving growth in South American wind power. It is a low-cost way to meet the continent’s rising demand for power, plus developers often active in the US and China are seeking to diversify



f nancing. But the country saw a large turnaround in July when China Development Bank Corporporation agreed to loan $3 billion for a 1350 MW project to be built by Beijing Construction Engineering Group using Chinese wind turbines. This is Argentina’s largest single wind project to date and represents a huge boost for the country that installed only 79 MW in 2011.

Argentina allows supply contracts between private enterprises in the form of power purchase agreements. Private companies own about 75 per cent of generation, according to Ernst & Young. The country’s energy comes mostly from natural gas and hydroelectricity. Like other parts of South America, its need for power is accelerating rapidly – about 6 per cent annually

Under a government mandate, by 2016 renewables must supply 8 per cent of the country’s electricity. Further, the GENREN programme obliges state utility Energia Argentina Sociedad Anonima to contract for at least 1 GW of renewable energy to be sold into the grid under xed rates for 15 years. Wind power is expected to provide about half of the capacity.

GENREN’s two auctions have drawn about 2500 MW in wind project bids. The utility awarded contracts totaling 754 MW in 2010 from the rst auction. But at present only 98 MW is in operation from two wind farms: Rawson I and II. “Most of the other participants are still looking for investors,” said Erico Spinadel, president of the Argentine Wind Energy Association. Awards have yet to be announced from the second auction.

While both Rawson I and Rawson II use turbines from Vestas, some rms also plan to use Alstom turbines. IMPSA Wind and NRG Patagonia both manufacture turbines in the megawatt range from within Argentina, said Spinadel. IMPSA is a multinational enterprise, which also has facilities in Brazil, India and other countries.

US AND CHINA SLOWDOWNWind developers are focusing on South America in part because the market is already slowing in China and may well do so in the US.

China’s government is now easing the blistering pace of its wind development. In 2011, China added 18 GW – more wind capacity than any other country – to bring its total capacity to more than 62 GW, the highest in the world, according to GWEC. But transmission development has failed to keep up.

Built Under Construction

With EIA In Progress (EIA)

Wind 202 220 1628 1103

Solar 0 0 435 93

Biomass 219 0 286 35

Geothermal 0 0 0 50

Mini Hydro 228 0 87 204

Total 6 220 2436 1484

Chile’s renewable energy development, 2011 Source: GWEC

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BEFORE THE GOLD RUSH

Developers and manufacturers worldwide are rushing into Latin America now. But Denmark-based Vestas was there long before the market heated up. The equipment supplier entered in the 1990s and has since delivered 700 MW of product with 2000 MW of additional f rm orders.

Healthy economies, competitive costs, and government interest in diversifying the energy mix are driving wind power growth in South America, according to Marcelo Tokman, vice president of Vestas South America.

“Regional GDP is outperforming that of major developed countries in Europe and the United States, a trend expected to hold over the next years. This together with competitive results for wind power tenders in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay and high electricity prices (in some cases) have driven regulatory support for renewables,” said Tokman.

“Competitive tenders for long-term PPAs are a favourite. But other support mechanisms such as an RPS [renewable portfolio standard] in Chile have also shown strong results. According to GWEC, total installed wind capacity in Latin America could reach 19 GW by the end of 2015, a f ve-fold increase from 2011, not a bad outlook,” he added.

Vestas, which began operating in Brazil a decade ago, now employs 130 people in Latin America. The company supplies a range of products and services from turbines to full turnkey wind power plants, and operates in three hubs in Latin America: Vestas Mexico, Central America & the Caribbean, based in

Mexico City; Vestas Brazil, based in São Paulo; and Vestas South America (excluding Brazil) with off ces in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Santiago de Chile (Chile).

“A healthy economic growth in South America and Central America combined with an increasing interest in wind energy have helped shift developers’ interest to this continent and other emerging markets. Vestas has been operating in Latin America since the beginning of the 1990s, and we would be in the South American and Central American markets regardless of the status of the PTC in the United States,” said Tokman.

Mexico 103 MW

Costa Rica 51 MW

Peru 0.25 MW

Chile 117 MW

Cuba 4 MW

Caribbean Islands 10 MW

Dominican Republic 25 MW

Jamaica 39 MW

Aruba 30 MW

Brazil 204 MW

Argentina 87 MW

Uruguay 32 MW

Vestas delivered wind capacity in the Latin American region Source: Vestas

“They were putting turbines in the f eld at a very high rate, at a higher rate than could be attached to the grid. So at present there is a great deal of turbines in the f eld that aren’t even attached to the grid. So this is obviously an issue,” said Brendan Andrews, vice president of sales and Marketing at IOXUS, a New York-based manufacturer that sells its ultracapacitors into the Chinese wind market.

Meanwhile, the US market is plagued by uncertainty as wind’s key subsidy, the federal Production Tax Credit (PTC) risks expiring at the end of the year. With election year politicking running high, Congress has failed to extend the credit and time is running out.

“A lot of development companies were focusing on the US and putting all of their eggs in one basket. Now they are facing uncertainty in their prime target market,” said Barajas. “They know they will have idle hands in their development team if they don’t look at another market”.

In his view, South America offers a “mini gold rush in the near term because of the prices being offered in some of these markets”. But he warns that the market may not be as deep as some of the markets already in full swing, such as the US and Europe. While he sees a strong window of opportunity in South America for at least the next f ve years, he cautions that taking advantage of the opportunity requires a strong understanding of the region, its languages, culture and terrain.

Elizabeth Salerno, the American Wind Energy Association’s director of industry data and analysis, noted that – unlike the US – South America “has emerged with very unique policies in terms of how they are going to develop renewable energy. A clear signal is very attractive to those trying to make capital intensive investment”.

But there is an overriding belief that the US PTC will eventually be restored and that the US market will burgeon – as will China’s market, once it recovers from its over-heated boom. Both are wind power behemoths that will remain front and centre attractions, along with Europe, for several years.

The GWEC’s annual forecast notes “great interest and excitement in new, fast growing markets” like South America. But the council adds that “the majority of the global market remains in Asia, Europe and North America, and that’s not going to change substantially over the next f ve years”. While Brazil is well on its way towards becoming a 1000 MW or more annual market, the other markets in Latin America are just not big enough to put up large numbers.

To put Latin America’s growth in perspective, installations in the region are expected to reach 11–19 GW by 2016, compared with 100 GW in North America and 200 GW in Asia. But until those larger markets right themselves, South America is the place to go for wind development teams in search of strong prospects.

KEEPING EUROPE’S POWER

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Medal winning temporary power


Powering the Olympics The recently held London 2012 Olympics represented the biggest ever deployment of temporary power for a sporting event in the UK. The provider Aggreko talks about the challenges this involved.

The vastness of recent London 2012 Olympic Games was clear from the numbers involved: 15 000 athletes from 205 nations took part, while more than 2 million spectators passed through the

gates of the Olympic Park. Aggreko made its own contribution to the statistics, providing more

than 260 MW of power using over 500 generator sets, 1500 km of cable and 4500 distribution panels. It was the biggest deployment of temporary power for a single sporting event ever in the UK. Aggreko’s technology featured at each of the 54 venues during the Games to provide prime or backup power.

The event was the culmination of two years’ work by the company. While before the Games the headlines focused on athletes qualifying and training for London 2012, behind the scenes Aggreko’s Olympics began in earnest in 2011 when it was named as the exclusive supplier

of temporary energy services to the London 2012 Olympic and Parlympic Games.

The company was fully operational months in advance of the opening ceremony, working to prepare for this major event from two dedicated operation centres close to the Olympic Park.

Aggreko engineers and event management experts were involved in the ‘London Prepares’ event series, part of the preparation for the London 2012 Games which enabled the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) to test key aspects of operational readiness. The programme of international sporting events was hosted at a series of venues to test systems, operational approaches and procedures. Aggreko supported LOCOG at the major venues during the various phases of the London Prepares event series, including the Velodrome and the Hockey Centre.

Kelvin Ross, Deputy Editor



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The f rst phase of test events was successfully completed in 2011, with Aggreko providing temporary power and engineering support at Horse Guards Parade, home to the beach volleyball and at Eton Dorney, the venue for the rowing and canoe events. In addition, Aggreko provided temporary power to test all venues’ systems, as part of the commissioning process. The test events enabled the Aggreko team to work with LOCOG on design solutions to meet individual requirements and to work with venue teams to build good working relationships at an operational level.

Horse Guards Parade, for example, has limited space available and restricted access routes requiring close co-ordination with other contractors. In Greenwich Park, where the equestrian events took place, there is a requirement to be sensitive to the surroundings and potential impact on local residents.

The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games is one reason for the considerable capital investment Aggreko has made in new f eet this year: a total of £350 million ($550 million). Over 170 generators manufactured at Aggreko’s new £22 million state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Dumbarton, Scotland, and 11 transformers were transported to London by train to support the LOCOG’s commitment to minimise environmental impact.

Once the Paralympic Games f nishes, the new temporary power equipment will be utilised immediately at a number of other locations.

The temporary on-site power equipment was in place well-ahead of the London 2012 Games




Aggreko’s specialist engineering team, led by its head of Olympics Business, Robert Wells, brought a wealth of relevant experience to the project gained from working on other major international sporting events, such as the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup 2010 in South Africa and the Vancouver 2012 Winter Olympic Games.

Their experience enables Aggreko to provide temporary energy services for London 2012 on an unprecedented scale and complexity, with the team project managing all aspects of the temporary power packages, including system design, mobilisation, installation, operation and maintenance.

The solution had to allow for new developments including the growth in popularity of high-def nition television and the increased use of internet technologies. As well as powering the opening and closing ceremonies, Aggreko provided vital back-up power to the various stadia and Olympic sites across the UK. In addition, the company provided power for the ‘overlay’ (or additional infrastructure capacity)

The Olympic Stadium in London is powered by a purpose-built trigeneration (cooling, heat and power) energy scheme.

CCHP ENERGY CENTRE POWERS OLYMPIC PARK

The Olympic Park is powered by two purpose-built energy centres, the largest in the UK. They were built to generate low-carbon heating and cooling across the site for the Games and for the new buildings and communities that are intended to develop in the surrounding area of Stratford after 2012.

Designed, f nanced and built by Cofely, a subsidiary of GDF Suez, the 46 MW centre includes a gas f red combined cooling heat & power (CCHP) plant and biomass boilers running on wood chips to generate heat.

Cooling of up to 16 MW is provided through a combination of electric, ammonia-based chillers and absorption chillers that are driven by heat recovered from the centre. Cofely will operate the centre for 40 years.

Three GE 3.3 MW Jenbacher J620 cogeneration units are powering the energy centres, generating electricity equivalent to the amount consumed by 24 000 standard UK homes.

The centres are designed to operate in trigeneration mode to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Chilled water is generated by absorption chillers using the high-temperature heat available from the exhaust of the unit. By using this technology, about 13 000 tonnes of CO2 savings can be achieved.

The f rst energy centre, featuring two GE J620 natural gas cogeneration modules, is located in the Stratford City development area and supports various Olympic Park activities, as well as the commercial redevelopment in East London.

The second centre, located at Kings Yard on the western end of Olympic Park, features one J620 cogeneration system that generates thermal power for the Aquatics Centre’s swimming pools and other venues via the Olympic Park’s district heating network.

The Kings Yard facility also generates electrical and thermal power for other venues, homes and buildings in the area. Both energy centres include boilers that use natural gas as feedstock to generate additional heat to meet peak demands. The Kings Yard facility also includes a 3 MW boiler fuelled with wood chips to generate additional heat during the winter.

“GE’s fuel-f exible Jenbacher cogeneration systems are ideally suited to support the London 2012 Games by offering the right combination of reliability, fuel f exibility and reduced emissions that will enable the Olympic Development Authority to meet its important environmental commitments to the city of London,” said Rafael Santana, president of GE Energy’s gas engines business.

Boris Johnson, the mayor of London, said: “It is a fantastic achievement that the Olympic Park is powered locally. Not only will it generate electricity but the heat from that process will also be used to heat and cool buildings providing a valuable wider legacy for the vibrant new metropolitan quarter we are creating in east London.”

At the end of last year, the district energy scheme was awarded the ‘Public Sector’ award by the UK CHP Association.



STEP-CHANGE LIGHTS RENEWABLE WAY

A walkway leading to the Olympic Park was be lit round-the-clock by the footsteps of a million spectators during the London 2012 Games.

The award-winning British renewable technology from Pavegen Systems was commissioned by the Olympic Delivery Authority to light a temporary bridge leading from West Ham underground station – one of the three transport hubs feeding the Games – to the Olympic Park.

Twelve energy harvesting f oor tiles received more than 12 million impressions, generating 20 kWh, or 72 million joules of energy – enough to power a small electric car for 397 laps of the Olympic track. The power was used to illuminate the walkway for eight hours at full power during the night, and 16 daylight hours at half power. As well as 24-hour lighting, the units also produced an energy surplus of around 35 per cent, which was stored as a contingency in batteries onboard the units.

When stepped on, the tile surface f exes 5 mm, converting kinetic energy to between 5 and 7 W over the duration of the footstep, depending on the force of the impact.

of the Games, which includes hospitality, security, ticketing, kitchens and the International Broadcast Centre - powering computer equipment and TV feeds for journalists from around the world.

This developing expertise will be vital to Aggreko’s bids for other major events in the future, which include the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games in the Russia Federation, the 2014 Hockey World Cup, the 2014 Commonwealth Games and the Rugby World Cup in 2015. The core Aggreko team for London 2012 was supported by up to 200 engineers, electricians and other staff, all of whom enhanced their skills working on the event.

“Our continued commitment to innovation will help ensure the London 2012 Games are truly the world’s greatest sporting events,” said Wells. “But for us, the f ve weeks of the Games are by no means the end. The engineering expertise and new equipment we use in delivering this year’s Olympic and Paralympic Games will also benef t future events and are key to our ongoing success, helping Aggreko to remain at the forefront of the industry.”

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A sound investment When CMS Danskin Acoustics was brought in to reduce dangerous noise levels at a UK power station it had to create a tailor-made eff cient and cost-effective solution.

The fact that power stations produce high levels of noise will not come as much of a surprise to anyone who has spent more than a few minutes inside one. However, just how dangerous these levels

of noise can be might.To give you an idea of the sensitivity of the human ear, the average

person can hear sounds down to about 0 decibels (dB), the equivalent of a whisper or rustling leaves, and people with exceptional hearing can detect sounds as low as -15 dB.

It is at the other end of the scale, however, that serious problems can occur. At around 85 dB, you are likely to experience discomfort. As little as eight hours of continuous exposure to this level of noise can result in permanent damage to the inner ear, which is why 85 dB is the maximum allowed under the Noise at Work regulations.

At 100 dB, just 15 minutes of exposure can cause permanent damage. And at 110 dB the exposure time drops to around a minute before harm is inf icted. Pain is experienced at 125 dB and hearing loss can be permanent. At 140 dB or above not only is the damage permanent, it is also immediate.

The Noise at Work regulations stipulate that an “employer shall ensure that risk from the exposure to noise is either eliminated at source

or, where this is not reasonably practicable, reduced to as low a level as is reasonably practicable”. And that “if any employee is likely to be exposed to noise at or above an upper exposure action value, the employer shall reduce exposure to as low a level as is reasonably practicable by establishing and implementing a programme of organisational and technical measures, excluding the provision of personal hearing protectors, which is appropriate to the activity”.

In other words, an employer is expected to do everything they can, within reason, to protect their employees from the harmful effects of noise. And, no, it isn it enough to simply supply a pair of ear-defenders.

The damage caused by these dangerous levels of noise is referred to as Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, and can be caused by a single exposure to a very loud sound or by repeated exposure to even relatively low levels of noise over a long time span. In fact, according to research carried out by Xiaoming Zhou from the East China Normal University in Shanghai, even seemingly innocuous sounds, such as the whirr of a desk fan, can cause damage if exposure is consistent and long term.

The human ear does not hear all frequencies with the same intensity. It is most sensitive to sounds in the 500 Hz to 8 kHz range. Above and below this range the ear becomes progressively less sensitive. To

Paul Absolon, CMS Danskin Acoustics, UK

To investigate how to block noise emanating from a cooling system at the Uskmouth B power station, a simulation of the duct system was built



compensate for this, sound level meters incorporate electronic f ltering to correspond to the varying sensitivities of the ear. This f ltering is called A-weighting and readings obtained with this weighting are referred to as A-weighted and signif ed as dB(A).

TAILOR-MADE SOLUTIONUskmouth B power station is a combined-cycle gas turbine plant near Newport in Wales, built by Siemens and operated by Severn Power, a subsidiary of Dong Energy.

Acoustics and soundproof ng specialist CMS Danskin Acoustics was brought in by Siemens and SPX Cooling Technologies after the recorded noise coming from the dry cooling system was between 130 dB(A) and 135 dB(A), a full 50 dB above Noise at Work regulations’ acceptable levels.

Although it was identif ed that these dangerous and unacceptable levels of noise came from the dry cooling system, the cooling system was not creating the noise. In fact, the turbines proved to be the source of the noise.

The steam roaring from the turbines at incredibly high speeds enters the main 5.5 metre steam ducts, passes up f ve risers and is channelled into the steam distribution manifolds. Not only does the steam enter the dry

cooling system, the accompanying noise does, too. You might think that the 8 mm thick steel from which the ducts are constructed would go some way to containing the noise. Unfortunately, steel is extremely adept at transmitting noise and is, in many respects, the acoustician’s worst enemy.

To make matters worse, we discovered not only high levels of noise, but also that the noise generated had a very low-frequency bias.

Low-frequency noise is the most diff cult to treat from a soundproof ng perspective due to the excessive length of the wave cycle. This is one of the reasons people in apartments, terraced houses and semi-detached homes will often complain of the problems of bass noises intruding from neighbouring properties, as the walls and f oors f lter out the higher frequencies while the lower frequencies manage to penetrate. This can seem a little counter-intuitive, as we imagine higher frequency noise to be more piercing. Their short wave cycle, however, means they can be blocked out with relatively thin soundproof ng materials.

The low-frequency nature of the noise also meant that this was not just a Noise at Work regulations problem. Low-frequency noise can be particularly problematic to the population in the vicinity of the source of that noise.

A NEW SOUND SOLUTIONSolutions for low-frequency noise issues typically involve wrapping

the problem in signif cant quantities of acoustic insulation, with many standard solutions being as deep as 500 mm to 700 mm. The sheer volume of lagging required for an insulation-based approach to a project like Uskmouth, with a daunting 8000 m2 of ducting to be covered, would be expensive, time-consuming to install and prohibitively disruptive. What is more, there were areas around the ducting at Uskmouth which simply would not have been able to accommodate such an excessive construction height of soundproof ng material.

We had to create a ‘thinner’ soundproof ng system that would meet the necessary Noise at Work regulations requirements but would be cost-effective and eff cient to install.

In order to minimise disruption at Uskmouth, an off-site simulation was created near Burton-on-Trent, using a large section of identical ducting with a ‘door’ sealing up either end. Within the duct were several very powerful speakers. For testing, highly sensitive microphones were placed in strategic positions along the outside of the duct to measure any ‘leakage’. Acoustic insulation solutions were conceived, implemented and assessed in this controlled environment with the assistance of acoustic consultants Muller-BBM and the installation company Western Thermal Insulations.

Exploring a wide range of acoustic materials from CMS Danskin Acoustics’ industrial acoustics range, it became clear that a single product was not going to be able to solve the problem on its own, so we opted for a combination of products working in concert, layer upon layer.

The f rst layer consisted of CMS HT1B elastomeric isolation pads, constructed from a polyurethane-bound rubber granulate specif cally formulated to dampen and/or isolate noise and vibrations at source and independently tested by the Institute of Structural Dynamics at the Technical University of Dresden, Germany. The 50 mm thick pads were bonded to the surface of the duct at a rate of nine per m2, creating

CMS HT1B elastomeric isolation pads form the f rst layer of acoustic insulation for Uskmouth B’s dry cooling system

“Solutions for low-frequency noise issues typically involve wrapping the problem in

signif cant quantities of acoustic insulation, with many standard solutions being as deep as

500 mm to 700 mm”



300 mm spacings; so, as well as the dampening effects of the material itself, the construction benef ted from large, evenly distributed airspaces in its foundations. Sound waves move less effectively through dead air.

The second layer consisted of 50 mm QuietSlab SVX3, a high-performance, mineral-f bre acoustic lagging.

The third layer comprised CMS WBBKT acoustic barrier, a high-density, barium-sulphate-loaded thermoplastic polymer, which is thin, f exible and easy to work with. Whereas the QuietSlab SVX3 layer is designed to absorb and dissipate noise, this dense acoustic barrier is designed to resist the passage of noise and is particularly adept at preventing the passage of low-frequency noise.

The forth layer duplicated the second, the f fth layer duplicated the third and the sixth and f nal layer consisted of a corrosion-resistant Aluzinc casing.

By alternating between thick noise-absorbent layers and thin but dense noise-resistant layers, we were able to create a soundproof ng solution with a depth of just 170 mm – between 66 per cent and 76 per cent thinner than a 500–700 mm standard solution. However, the successful reduction of the construction height would mean nothing at all if it failed to deliver the necessary levels of noise reduction. The proof would be in the testing.

Personnel from Siemens attended the test. They were standing in relatively close proximity to the simulated duct while technicians from Muller-BBM set up their equipment. As always with these situations, there were delays, so the Siemens team were standing around for quite some time. Naturally, they were a little impatient and asked when the test was going to commence. They were told the test had been running for the last ten minutes. The speakers within the ducts had been generating noise levels of 130–140 dB and no-one had noticed. Only when the lagging protecting the ‘door’ to the duct was removed could the true extent of the racket within be appreciated.

The testing revealed that CMS Danskin Acoustics’ solution cut the noise generated by 39 per cent to just 82–83 dB(A), well under the 85 dB required by the Noise at Work regulations.

Peter Ullrich, project director at Siemens Energy, says: “Effectively controlling noise and reducing sound emissions was a top priority for us in the Uskmouth project. Not only was it essential that the dry cooling system satisf ed all the legal acoustic obligations and regulations but just as important was that neighbouring properties were not disturbed by additional noise levels.”

Paul Absolon is techncial director of CMS Danskin Acoustics, a specialist in acoustic insulation, sound absorption and reverberation. For more information, visit www.cmsdanskin.co.uk

Paul Absolon, technical director, CMS Danskin Acoustics, UK

HOW HEARING WORKS

To understand how Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) occurs, it is necessary to understand how hearing works.

The generally accepted view is that sound waves strike the eardrum and these vibrations are translated into coherent information by the brain. It is more complex than that.

Sound waves do, indeed, strike the eardrum, causing the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted through the ossicles (the small bones of the middle ear) to the cochlea, a spiral-shaped chamber f lled with f uid and lined with tiny hair cells called stereocilia.

The vibrations cause the f uid to move which, in turn, causes the stereocilia to move. The stereocilia’s movements generate neural signals with are picked up by the auditory nerve which ‘forwards’ these signals onto the brain where they are interpreted as intelligible sounds such as human speech, music, the beep of a car horn.

Exposure to harmful levels of noise can damage the stereocilia, breaking them or f attening them so they no longer vibrate as effectively or so they no longer vibrate at all. The result: impaired hearing or, in extreme cases, total hearing loss.

Low frequency noise is often not even ‘heard’ in the traditional sense. Complainants often will not even realise that noise is the problem at all; instead they will describe ‘pressure sensations’ and ‘physical discomfort’, experiencing the incursion as vibrations.

Areas of the human body can resonate when exposed to low frequencies. The chest, for example, can resonate at frequencies between 50 Hz and 100 Hz, and the head at frequencies between 20 Hz and 30 Hz. It is not unusual, therefore, for sufferers of low frequency noise to complain of anxiety, nausea and headaches. Often, they will not even be aware of the root cause of their symptoms, instead attributing them to a virus or some mystery illness.

A combination of materials in layers was the chosen soundproof ng solution at Uskmouth B

By alternating thick noise-absorbent layers with thin-but-dense noise-resistant layers, CMS

Danskin Acoustics created a soundproof ng solution with a depth of just 170 mm

Conference & Exhibition

6 - 8 November 2012Sandton Convention Centre

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GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY FORLOCAL SOLUTIONS

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POWER-GEN Africa is a unique forum for the industry,

combining both a world class three-track conference covering

strategic, technical and renewable aspects with an exhibition

showcasing the latest technological developments. This premier

event will attract senior decision makers, enabling you to make

crucial contacts within the sub-Saharan energy industry.

With POWER-GEN Africa’s conference and exhibition focusing

on all aspects of the power industry and bringing together

the world’s leading power equipment suppliers with those

developing power infrastructure in this dynamic region of the

world, this is one event you cannot afford to miss.

CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS

Over the 3 days the inaugural POWER-GEN Africa will provide

comprehensive coverage of the power needs, resources,

and issues facing the electricity generation industries across

sub-Saharan Africa including various highlights such as:

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Scottish independence: Impact on UK power sector


Independence day dilemmas If Scotland gains independence from the rest of the UK, what will it mean for the British energy industry, as the lion’s share of oil, gas, nuclear and renewable resources lie within its territory?

The subject of Scotland’s independence from England is one of the hot topics of the year so far in UK politics, but it is one that many outside of Britain may not be aware of.

Yet if Scotland gains independence, it will have a profound effect on the UK’s energy market, European countries that trade power with Britain and international energy companies that choose to locate within its shores.

The Scottish National Party (SNP) has argued for an independent Scotland for years and when, in 2011, it won an overall majority in the Scottish parliament – devolved in 1999 – the subject was pushed to the top of the political agenda.

Now the SNP is demanding a referendum on the matter and in January 2012, the UK’s prime minister David Cameron stated that he would agree to let the Scots vote on the matter. All that remains to be set is a date.

Needless to say, the UK parliament in Westminster is far from keen on Scottish independence for all sorts of reasons, but it is realising that what was once a pipe dream could soon become a reality.

“The enormous success of the SNP in the last few years means that we now have to take the possibility of Scottish independence seriously,” says Tim Yeo, chairman of the government’s Energy and Climate Change Committee. “Before it has been hypothetical – but no longer.”

The implications of independence are huge, and one of the key areas vexing the minds of those in Westminster at the moment is energy.

Much of the UK’s offshore oil and gas reserves lie in the North Sea in what would become Scottish waters, while more than half of the UK’s operational nuclear power stations are ‘north of the border’. And Scotland is one of the renewables powerhouses of Europe, home to the best of the UK’s wind and wave power potential.

Kelvin Ross, Deputy Editor



So the stakes are high and Cameron’s government wants to know what Scotland has planned for any post-independence energy mix.

Some answers to these thorny questions were given when the Energy and Climate Change Committee held a series of evidence sessions to quiz key players from the UK and European energy markets, as well as members of the Scottish government. And for much of time, the committee members did not like what they heard, particularly on the subject of the decommissioning of nuclear and oil and gas assets.

When asked if Scotland would take on the decommissioning costs for the nuclear reactors lying within its borders, Fergus Ewing, Scotland’s energy minister, gave a ‘yes-and-no’ answer. He said Scotland would pay a percentage of the decommissioning costs based of the lifetime of the reactor post-independence.

“We take the view that these nuclear power plants were set up by the UK, and therefore, if we take Torness for example, if there are ten years to go and 30 years have elapsed, then we have one quarter of the decommissioning costs. Some apportionment of that sort would seem to me to be reasonable.”

He applied the same rule of thumb to the decommissioning of oil and gas rigs in the North Sea, having already conceded that “the value of Scotland’s oil and gas reserves are absolutely extraordinary”. He said that as “the lion’s share of remaining oil and gas would accrue to Scotland as they fell within [its] international waters”, that in turn would make Scotland “an exceptionally wealthy country”.

INVESTOR CONFIDENCEYeo asked Ewing if he agreed that the drive towards independence by the SNP “has had the unfortunate consequence of creating a degree of uncertainty [among investors], and an industry like energy depends entirely on investors making very long-term decisions?”

Ewing was emphatic: “No I don’t agree with that. Ever since last May there has been very substantial investment in the Scottish energy sector and these decisions show that there is not a lack of conf dence in Scotland.”

To stress his point he named a list of companies which have taken key strategic decisions to locate in Scotland: Gamesa spending £125 million ($196 million) to build a base in Leith rather than in Hartlepool in England; Samsung setting up in Fife with an investment of another £125 million; and Global Energy in Nigg, creating up to 2000 jobs f rst in oil and gas and then in renewables. “Would these decisions have been made if the world was afraid of coming to Scotland? I don’t think so,” he said.

Yet there are many that disagree with Ewing’s view. In November 2011, global f nance organisation Citigroup published a report into the potential impact of Scottish independence into investment into the

country’s renewable energy sector. It claimed that the independence referendum debate was creating “huge uncertainty” and added that if independence was to happen, “renewable investors risk seeing their assets stranded in a newly independent Scotland”.

The report concluded: “Utilities and other investors should exercise extreme caution in committing further capital to Scotland.”

Several months on, Citigroup has not changed its mind. Citigroup Global Markets’ head of European utility sector research Peter Atherton says of renewables: “We are talking about a sector here that is highly regulated and highly subsidised. The most important thing for a company to make a decision on whether to build an onshore or offshore wind farm is the subsidy regime. We have a UK-wide subsidy

There are nearly 100 onshore wind farms in Scotland, forming the backbone of the country’s renewable targets

“When you’re talking about multi-billion projects, if you don’t have a 100 per cent

guarantee that the support mechanism will be legally binding for a couple of decades, then you cannot and will not make the investment”

Steven’s Croft biomass power plant in Scotland is operated by Germany’s E.ON Source: E.ON



regime, so if Scotland secedes from the rest of the UK, it is questionable whether that regime continues, and therefore there is an element of risk.

“When you are talking about multi-billion projects with offshore wind and hundreds of millions with onshore wind, clearly if you don’t have a 100 per cent guarantee that the support mechanism will be acceptable and legally binding and in place for at least a couple of decades, then you absolutely cannot and will not make the investment.”

He adds that “all the corporates” [that are] involved in investing in offshore wind in Scotland that Citigroup has spoken to in recent months have said that they will not progress with their projects “until that certainty is in place”.

Indeed, Atherton states that the SNP’s two f agship policies – the drives for both independence and a massive boost in renewable energy – are not actually compatible.

“The Scottish government has big plans,” he says, “and have decided that by 2020 Scotland will be producing around 45 per cent of the overall UK renewables’ target, with a total price tag of £45 billion. It’s that leap which is questionable – it would be questionable even if the

constitutional position doesn’t change, but its highly questionable if the constitutional position does change, because who’s going to provide the £4 billion of subsidies to f nance those assets?”

He adds: “If the UK parliament decides that the entire UK consumer base is happy to stand behind that, as we are currently, then investors will invest.

“But if the counter party to the agreement is Scotland without the agreement of the 92 per cent of the population that is not Scotland, then I see it as nigh-on impossible for that investment to be forthcoming.”

SSE, formerly Scottish & Southern Energy and based in Scotland, has also said there is an “increased risk” that it will decide not to start building new power stations and wind farms in Scotland before the referendum.

It said earlier this year “the additional uncertainty represents increased risk, of which SSE will have no alternative but to take account when making f nal investment decisions on those projects while that additional uncertainty remains.”

SSE stressed that it believes energy infrastructure, like pipelines and pylons, should be shared across England and Scotland whether or independence happens or not.

The date for a referendum on Scottish independence has not been set – the SNP wants it in 2014 but Cameron’s government in Whitehall believes it should be held much sooner. Whenever it happens, the power industry will await the result with keen interest and perhaps a degree of trepidation.

Ready to go to the polls: Scotland’s First Minister Alex Salmond and his deputy, Nicola Sturgeon, want to give Scotland’s population a referendum on independence in 2014 Source: SNP

“Ever since last May there has been very substantial investment in the Scottish energy

sector and these decisions show that there is not a lack of conf dence in Scotland”

AFRICA FOCUS

Ethiopia: Reliance on hydro to rise P.36

In the f rst instalment of a two-part special report on Sub-Saharan Africa, we analyse the power sector challenges

and opportunities in three fast-developing countries.

TANZANIA

ETHIOPIA

ZAMBIA

Tanzania: A power mix in motion P.38

Zambia: Private f nance is key P.40


Hydropower is the prime driver of electricity in Ethiopia and despite moves to incorporate other renewables into its energy mix, the country’s reliance on its rivers is only going to intensify.

Water, water everywhere

Africa Focus: Ethiopia

EHydropower generated from Ethiopia’s 100 000 km2 of

water supplies a vast and growing slice of its power.Source: EEPCO

thiopia is a country growing at considerable pace. Its gross domestic product was $12.3 billion in 2005, and by 2016 this f gure is expected to more than quadrouple to $50.6 billion.

At the same time, its population is set to rise from 74.6 million in 2005 to 97.4 million in three years’ time.

All of which means a surge in infrastructure and, in turn, a greater demand for power. According to the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO), demand for electricity grew by 24 per cent in 2011. An aggressive transmission and distribution (T&D) expansion plan by EEPCO has raised the electricity access rate from 22 per cent in 2007 to 46 per cent last year. By 2016, EEPCO plans to increase this to 75 per cent and the government hopes to have 100 per cent access by 2020.

Such ambitious targets place a heavy burden on EEPCO, which is state-owned and the only provider of power in the country, to try and broaden and strengthen Ethiopia’s energy mix… which at the moment is no mix at all. Nearly all electricity – 90 per

cent – is provided via hydropower, making use of Ethiopia’s many rivers. The country – the 27th largest in the world – covers 1104 million km², of which 104,300 km² is water. It has 12 basins: eight river basins, one lake basin and three dry basins, with no or insignif cant f ow out of the drainage system.

While this gives the country a non-polluting and, in theory, renewable form of energy, it makes the system reliant on the volatility of cyclical water levels, which can be erratic in a country that suffers intense sunshine.

Hydropower generation rose from 2969 GWh in 2005 to 4927 GWh in 2011 and by 2020 it is expected to hit 14,293 GWh. But the country’s total hydropower potential is believed to be around 45 000 GWh – meaning most is still untapped.

A slew of new hydropower projects are underway, including the Grand Millennium hydropower project, which once completed will have an installed capacity of 5250 MW and is expected to enable Ethiopia to become a major power exporter

Plant name Capacity (MW) Status

Ashegoda 90 Under construction

Adama 51 Under construction

Mosebo Harena 42 Planned

Ayisha 300 Planned

Galema 250 Planned

Debre Birhan 100 Planned

Assela 100 Planned

Ethiopia upcoming wind projects(Source: GlobalData)


Africa Focus: Ethiopia

in sub-Saharan Africa. Also being built is the 1870 MW Gibe III, which at 243 metres tall will be Africa’s highest dam. But the government and EEPCO realise they cannot put all their eggs in one basket and are looking at alternative forms of power generation.

Ethiopia has no coal and gas f red power stations but diesel engines supply 9.7 per cent of its power mix.

Coal reserves are estimated at 320 million tonnes while gas reserves are put at 24 billion m3. The government hopes to tap into both these reserves, but they are certain to take a back seat to the focus on hydropower and other renewables.

The push for renewablesAt present, with 90 per cent of Ethiopia’s energy coming from hydropower and 9.7 per cent from diesel-powered thermal, just 0.3 per cent is accounted for by renewables.

A tiny percentage, yes, but an important one, as it is likely to grow substantially in the coming years. Renewables are an option that is slowly but surely being exploited by the government and EEPCO.

For wind, EEPCO puts the country’s potential capacity at 10 000 MW and it is taking the f rst steps to unlocking this. The f rst phase of the Ashegoda wind farm – the country’s f rst – became operational earlier this year. Once completed by the end of the year, the facility will total 30 MW.

Also under construction is the Adama wind farm, which will have a capacity of 50 MW and is expected to be brought on line next year. Another six wind farms are in the planning stage, including Ayisha, with a 300 MW capacity, and the 250 MW Galema.

Geothermal is Ethiopia’s other targeted source of renewable energy. The 7.3 MW Aluto-Langano power station has been set up as the country’s f rst pilot plant. Recent reports suggest that this capacity will be boosted to 70 MW by 2015.

Aluto-Langano is notable because it taps into the power potential of the African Rift Valley, which is accepted to have huge geothermal potential. So far, only Ethiopia and Kenya have tapped into this by successfully building a geothermal plant.

Five more geothermal projects are in the pipeline, all set for completion by 2018, bringing installed capacity up to 375 MW.

Power giants take an interestThis push for renewables has opened up the Ethiopian energy market to some major names in the global power sector. GE is to invest in the f edging wind sector. The f rm has also said it will play a role in a solar sector, should one ever get off the ground – Ethiopia currently has no solar projects.

Andritz Hydro and Voith Hydro have supplied turbines and generators for existing hydropower projects, while China’s Goldwind has supplied 34 wind turbines to the Adama wind farm, a joint venture between HydroChina International Engineering and Chinese construction f rm CGCOC Corporation.

Meanwhile, France’s Vergnet has installed 30 turbines at the Ashegoda wind farm, with fellow French company Alstom set to

Year Capacity (MW)

2005 859

2010 2099

2011 2099

2012 2229

2013 4195

2014 4498

2015 7355

2016 7355

2017 8667

2018 9980

2019 11 292

2020 12 605

Ethiopia installed and projected capacity(source: Global Data)

Domestic38%

Industry36%

Commercial24%

Others2%

Breakdown of Ethiopia electricity consumption by sector

provide a further 54 units, which are due to be operational by 2014.

All of this extra capacity means Ethiopia is facing the same key issue as many other countries worldwide, whether they be ‘developed’ or ‘developing’: that of transmission and distribution. With that in mind, EEPCO has devised the Electricity Transmission System Improvement Project (ETSIP), a programme that will comprise the construction of four 230 kV transmission lines, 12 substations and the upgrade of another four substations.

The project is already underway, with Alstom Grid winning a $44 million deal to build two air-insulated substations. ABB has also won a $26 million contract for the upgrade of the four existing substations, which are all in the central region of the country. The work is expected to be completed by next year.

Ethiopia has also contracted Power Grid Corporation of India to undertake a feasibility study to determine the highest needed voltage power capacities of the country’s transmission lines. The study will be conducted taking into consideration the power generation capacity of the country for the next 25 years. It is expected to be completed by the end of this year and will cost $225,000.

In June, the South Korean government granted Ethiopia a loan of $80 million to support part of the Ethiopia–Sudan electric power transmission line construction and expansion project. The transmission line will be an expansion of the Beles-Bahir Dar-Sululta line and is 212 km long with a capacity of 400 kV.

Assuming all this T&D work is successfully carried out, not only will Ethiopia be able to better serve its own population, it will also be in a position to boost its electricity export potential.

Landlocked by Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Sudan and South Sudan, Ethiopia is eyeing exporting electricity to all of the aforementioned countries. Already it has interconnections with Djibouti, Kenya and North Sudan, and has agreements to export 200 MW, 500 MW and another 200 MW respectively.

It has also signed a similar deal – for a yet unspecif ed amount of electricity – with South Sudan and is also planning exports to Tanzania, Somalia and Yemen and Egypt.

If Ethiopia can succeed in exporting power to these nations, it will be a very canny move. Egypt and Kenya are large economies with large power demands, and it could be very lucrative for Ethiopia to be providing them with electricity.


Tanzania is working to diversify its energy mix, until recently dominated by hydro but now including both coal and gas f red power assets. Could renewables be the next target?

Power mix in motion

Africa Focus: Tanzania

TIn theory, Tanzania is in better shape than many

of its neighbours to tackle its power issuesCredit: Dreamstime

anzania is one of the largest West African countries in terms of land mass and population. Like many of the African nations, its economy is growing at a considerable rate: its GDP last year was $23.2 billion and

by 2016 it is forecast to reach $34.2 billion, while its population is expected to grow from 42 million to 46 million in the same period.

All of which has left Tanzania’s power sector playing catch up. The country’s electricity access rate is 11 per cent, with 30 per cent of the urban population having access, but in rural areas the f gure is as low as 2 per cent. Last month the government conf rmed it is to spend $3 million on increasing supply to these rural regions.

Tanzania’s installed capacity was 1311 MW in 2011 and is expected to reach 2713 MW by 2020.

In theory, Tanzania is in better shape than many of its neighbours to tackle its power issues: its economy has been fairly resilient during the economic downturn and a stable political environment has resulted in an increase in foreign direct investment of

8.5 per cent, while the rest of Africa has seen an average decrease of 9 per cent.

Yet the development of the power sector has stalled, largely due to the country’s lack of transmission infrastructure. Transmission and distribution (T&D) is operated by state-owned Tanzania Electric Supply Company (Tanseco) and losses in the country stand at 26 per cent.

Investment barriersAs well as T&D infrastructure issues, Tanzania also suffers from low electricity tariffs. Strict government control over tariffs has kept electricity prices at market demand or

operational cost levels, which has served to act as a barrier to potential investors. This year, Tanesco asked for a rate increase of 150 per cent – it got 42.29 per cent.

Tanesco’s state-ownership is the source of many of the bottlenecks in the power sector, as red tape has held up the expansion of generation, transmission and distribution.

Some power sector experts have called for the deregulation of the distribution sector to speed up the spread of power connections, with Tanesco remaining in charge of transmission.

Tanzania’s power mix is – by African standards – changing quite rapidly. In 2005,

Name Status Fuel Capacity (MW) Online

Kiwira Under construction Coal 200 2013

Stiegler’s Gorge Planned Hydro 2100 2015

Kinyerezi Under construction Gas 240 2013

Mnazi Bay Planned Gas 300 2017

Ngaka Planned Coal 400 2024

Tanzania key upcoming power projects(source: Global Data)


65 per cent of its electricity was derived from hydro, while 21 per cent came from thermal oil and 13.9 per cent from thermal gas.

By last year, this had changed to hydro accounting for 42.9 per cent and thermal 57.1 per cent. And by 2020 these f gures are expected to have shifted further, to hydro 44.7 per cent, thermal oil 9.2 per cent, thermal gas 38.6 per cent, and thermal coal 7.6 per cent.

The drop in hydropower is due to a decline in rainfall in the country since 2005, which forced the government to look at alternative forms of energy and propelled a rise of thermal, exploiting the country’s largely untapped reserves.

Tanzania’s coal reserves are estimated to total 1200 million tonnes, while its natural gas reserves are said to be 45 billion m3.

Last year, coal f red generation only accounted for 0.8 per cent of total installed thermal capacity, but this will change when the Kiwira power plant comes on line in 2013. Kiwira will use locally mined coal and its connection to the grid is expected to lift Tanzania’s thermal installed capacity from 749 MW to 1189 MW.

Thermal power growthTanzania currently has nine large-scale thermal power plants, six of them coal f red and three oil f red, which together contribute 700 MW of capacity. The largest in capacity terms is the 178 MW Ubungo power station, which came on line in 2004.

There are also ten major thermal projects either planned or already under construction. The biggest of the planned plants is Ngaka coal f red power station, which will feature steam turbines, and once on line in 2024 will have a total installed capacity of 400 MW.

Projects due to be operational a lot sooner include two more coal plants – Kiwira and Intra Energy – which are both expected on line next year, as is the 240 MW gas f red Kinyerezi plant.

As its thermal power capacity increases, Tanzania hopes to be able to transform into a power exporter, supplying electricity to Kenya and Ethiopia. On the import front, Tanzania buys in power from Uganda (10 MW), Zambia (3 MW) and Kenya (0.8 MW).

Despite the drive towards thermal power, Tanzania is still pushing ahead with new hydro projects.

In 2011, the country generated 562 MW from hydropower, which came from seven hydro plants. The largest is the 204 MW Kidatu power station, which came on line in 1980. The country’s oldest hydro plant is the 21 MW Hale, which has been in operation for nearly 50 years.

There is also strong potential for small-scale hydro capacity, with 85 sites with a projected 87 MW identif ed for exploration.

Tanzania currently has no renewable power generation, even though it has potential for solar, wind and biomass. Its potential wind capacity is put at 500 MW. The lack of renewable capacity can be put down to a lack of government feed-in tariffs, which deters any private investment.

Power playersThe biggest generator of electricity in

Tanzania is state-owned Tanesco, which also owns and runs all T&D operations in the country. Tanesco has an installed capacity of 755.7 MW, accounting for 54.8 per cent of the market.

Just over three quarters of this comes from hydropower, 20.5 per cent from natural gas and 1.2 per cent from diesel based generation. The remaining 45.2 per cent is made up of independent power producers, including Songas, Independent Power Tanzania and TPC.

Suppliers of power equipment to these

companies comprise most of the usual suspects from around the world: GE, ABB, Wartsila, Voith Hydro, Dresser Rand and Caterpillar.

Tanzania faces the same power problem as most of its neighbours – an energy mix and grid infrastructure that is insuff cient to meet the needs of a rapidly expanding population and economy.

Yet the country is well underway with efforts to diversify its energy mix, opening the door to more international f rms, and this – combined with an eventual bid to harness some of its renewable energy potential – should also open the door to signif cant foreign investment.

Deputy minister for Energy and Minerals, George Simbachawene, said in July that Tanzania expects to spend over $3 million on supplying power to rural areas.

This, he added, was part of the government’s strategy to boost power use to 30 per cent by 2015.

He said the government intends to increase power generation from 1375 MW to 2500 MW by 2015, and this increase in capacity would be brought about by the inclusion of solar, wind and geothermal sources of energy.

And in August, the Ministry of Industry and Trade Gregory Teu pledged to improve electricity availability by further investing in coal f red power generation.

Africa Focus: Tanzania

Year Capacity (MW) Annual Generation (GWh)

2005 862 3514

2010 1151 4378

2015 2129 7218

2020 2713 9695

Tanzania installed capacity and annual generation(source: Global Data)

Year Capacity Thermal Coal Gas Oil Hydro

2005 862 34.9 0 13.9 21 65.1

2010 1151 51.2 0.5 34.2 16.4 48.8

2011 1311 57.1 0.5 37.7 19 42.9

2015 2129 55.8 9.7 34.5 11.7 44.2

2020 2713 55.3 7.6 38.6 9.3 44.7

Tanzania power mix as % of total installed capacity(source: Global Data)


T

Hydropower will continue to dominate the energy mix, but coal becomes the main thermal source. However, more action is required to address the widening supply-demand gap, with private investors being key.

Private investment holds the key

Africa Focus: Zambia

Zambia’s abundent water resources mean that hydropower will remain the main generation resource

he World Bank, in 2010, identif ed Zambia as one of the fastest economically reformed countries in the world. Its economy has shown high growth in recent years. The country’s GDP stood at

$7.2 billion in 2005, rising to over $18 billion in 2011. By 2016, it is forecast to reach $29.7 billion. Over the same period, Zambia’s population is expected to rise from 11.7 million in 2005 to 15.4 million in 2016.

Thus, the potent combination of an increasing population and strong GDP growth is likely to drive up power consumption. In 2011, electricity consumption was estimated at 8217 GWh, and is expected to grow to more than 10,700 GWh in 2016, primarily driven by the rising power demand of the mining sector.

One restraining factor is Zambia’s very low electrif cation rate – a national rate of 19 per cent but only 3 per cent in rural areas. The government, however, is now making efforts to address this through its Rural Electrif cation

Master Plan (REMP), which has the highly ambitious target of increasing the rate to 51 per cent by 2030. But this comes with a hefty price tag of $1.1 billion.

Between 2005 and 2011, Zambia’s installed capacity increased very little, reaching 1707 MW, a result of a lack of government investment in power infrastructure. By 2020, however, total installed capacity is expected to almost double to 3211 MW.

Its annual power production in 2005 stood at 8846 GWh. Between 2005 and 2011, production rose to over 8960 GWh and is expected to hit 16,207 GWh in 2020.

Currently, hydropower has by far the biggest share of the power generation mix (over 95 per cent), with thermal power trailing at 0.5 per cent. It is not surprising that hydro is the dominant generation source because Zambia is estimated to hold 40 per cent of the total water resources in the Southern African Development Community. By 2020, however, there will be a shift in the power mix. Hydro’s share will decrease to 86 per cent, while thermal’s share will rise to 14 per cent.

The major player in the Zambia power sector is Zesco Limited. It is a vertically integrated state-owned utility which owns the majority of the country’s generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure.

The other main industry participant is LHPC, a privately-owned power producer. It owns and operates two small hydropower plants outside the Central Province town of Kabwe. All of the power generated is supplied to Zesco on contractual terms.

In 2010, Zesco had an estimated share of 98 per cent of total cumulative installed capacity, with the remaining 2 per cent was held by LHPC.

Shifting power mixAlthough Zambia has a hydro potential of approximately 6000 MW, capacity has remained relatively static at 1700 MW since 2005, with the 990 MW Kafue Gorge plant constituting the bulk of the country’s hydropower output.

By 2020 hydro installed capacity is expected to increase to 2761 MW, mainly

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due to a number of large hydropower plants coming on line. The Kariba North Extension (360 MW), which is presently under construction, is expected to become operational 2012–13, with the 120 MW Itezhi Tezhi, also under construction, commissioned by 2015. A number of other hydo plants with a combined capacity of more than 900 MW are also in the planning stage. Thus, Zambia’s hydropower generation in 2011 stood at 8935 GWh and is forecast to reach 14,512 GWh in 2020

Zambia’s thermal installed capacity was estimated at 7 MW in 2011, with all plants using diesel as the primary fuel. However, up to 2020 thermal capacity is expected to undergo an unprecedented increase to reach 450 MW. This is primarily due to the anticipated commissioning of two large coal f red power plants by Maamba Collieries. The power plants will use coal as the primary fuel, so it will overtake diesel as the main thermal fuel. In 2011, thermal generation was 26 GWh, and this is expected to rise to 1695 GWh in 2020.

Zambia has signif cant potential to develop renewable energy sources. In geothermal, it has 80 hot springs, of which 35 have been identif ed to have real commercial potential. In1987, the Italian government developed the Kapishya Hot Springs, but it never became operational. Now, Zesco, in collaboration with Ken Gen, has decided to revive the 2 MW project and is currently seeking a $12 million investment.

Zambia’s potential output for solar is 5.5 kWh/m2/day. The government has incorporated the use of solar energy into its rural electrif cation programme and currently around 400 households have been provided with photovoltaic systems under the Energy Service Companies pilot project in three districts of Eastern Province.

In contrast, the country’s wind potential is relatively low.

A widening supply-demand gapBack in 2006, Zambia’s peak electricity demand was 1414 MW, against which electricity supply stood at 1630 MW, representing a reserve capacity of 15.3 per cent. However, since 2010 the situation has worsened, as peak electricity demand rose to 1604 MW against an available capacity of 1200 MW, essentially wiping out the reserve margin.

With a projected growth in demand for electricity the reserve margin issue will become a chronic problem unless the government focuses on increasing generation capacity at a much faster rate and, arguably more importantly, promotes greater private investment in the sector. If nothing is done Zambia will be unable to mitigate the negative impact of an ever-widening gap between supply and demand.

Foreign direct investmentOver the last few years, Zambia has made signif cant progress in strengthening its investment policies. In the early 1990s, the government formulated initiatives to liberalize its trade regime and in 1992 promoted a privatization programme, targeting a few small companies. In 2004, Zambia formed the Private Sector Development Reform Programme (PSDRP) with the aim of attaining faster and sustained growth by promoting a favorable investment scenario.

Between 2005 and 2007, foreign direct investment came close to quadrupling from $357 million to $1324 million, but fell away in both 2008 and 2009 to $695 million, with the worldwide recession likely to have played a part in the decline. However, in 2010 it rose again to $1041 million.

The government also put in place a number of incentives for priority sectors, which includes the power sector. The construction of power plants, for example, qualif es for tax concessions. The concessions are applicable not only at the time of construction but also after commissioning.

There is, however, a signif cant constraint to attracting greater foreign direct investment and that is although the cost of producing power is low so is the consumer tariff. Zambia, in fact, has one of the lowest tariffs in Africa, and falls below the standard price range of $0.05 to $0.10/kWh. This obviously means low returns, which are less attractive to investors. The government has not indicated it is looking at reviewing tariffs - unlikely to be popular with the electorate - but without exploring options to boost returns on investment Zambia’s power sector will struggle to encourage both domestic and foreign investment.

There is another option open to Zambia to help bridge the supply-demand gap. And that is through the development of regional power trade via the Southern African Power Pool. This would enable Zambia to import more, and importantly cheap, electricity from the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) via an existing 220 kV interconnection. Thus, the government has to make a strategic decision on whether to develop strong domestic generation infrastructure or promote strong cross-border interconnection with the DRC.

POWER-GEN AfricaPennWell Corporation is, for the f rst time, holding a POWER-GEN event on the African continent. POWER-GEN Africa Conference & Exhibition is taking place in Johannesburg, South Africa, between 6-8 November 2012.

Year Capacity (MW)

Annual generation (GWh)

2005 1700 8846

2010 1679 8814

2015 2479 12 570

2020 3211 16 207

Installed capacity and annual generation (source: GlobalData, EIA)

Name Status Fuel Capacity (MW) Online

Maamba Phase I Coal 300 2014

Maamba Phase I I Coal 300 NA

Itezhi Tezhi Under construction Hydro 120 2015-2016

Kariba North Extension Hydro 360 2012-2013

Kundabwik Planned Hydro 151 2016-2017

Kafue Gorge Lower Planned Hydro 750 NA

Zambia key upcoming power projects(source: GlobalData, Power eTrack, Power Plant Database)

Africa Focus: Zambia

i For more information, please visit www.powergenafrica.com


DIARY DATES

September

International Conference on Power and Energy Engineering1st – 2nd SeptemberPhuket, Thailandwww.icpee.org

Energy Challenge and Environmental Sustainability9th – 12th SeptemberVenice, Italywww.iaeeu2012.it

The Energy Event11th – 12th SeptemberBirmingham, UKwww.theenergyevent.com

Energy from Waste17th – 18th SeptemberLondon, UKwww.smi-online.co.uk

HUSUM WindEnergy18th – 22nd SeptemberHusum, Germanywww.husumwindenergy.com

Nanotechnology Applications in Energy20th – 21st SeptemberWest Java, Indonesiawww.naee2012.org

The Important Role of DSO in Smart Grids 21st SeptemberFrankfurt, Germanywww.eurelectric.org

27th EU PVSEC24th – 28th SeptemberFrankfurt, Germanywww.photovoltaic-conference.com

DistribuTECH Brasil25th – 27th SeptemberRio de Janeiro, Brazilwww.distributechbrasil.com

HydroVision Brasil25th – 27th SeptemberRio de Janeiro, Brazilwww.hydrovisionbrasil.com

RENEXPO27th – 30th SeptemberAugsburg, Germanywww.renexpo.de

October

Power Generation and the Environment: Choices and Economic Trade Offs1st – 2nd OctoberWyoming, Uswww.uwyo.edu

POWER-GEN Asia3rd – 5th OctoberBangkok, Thailandwww.powergenasia.com

Renewable Energy World Asia3rd – 5th OctoberBangkok, Thailandwww.renewableenergyworld-asia.com

Scottish Low Carbon Investment Conference10th – 11th OctoberEdinburgh, UKwww.slciconference.com

Energy Solutions Expo10th – 11th OctoberLondon, UKwww.energysolutionsexpo.co.uk

VGB Congress Power Plants 201210th – 12th OctoberMannheim, Germanywww.vgb.org

Smart Metering rollout: next steps for delivery18th OctoberLondon, UKwww.westminsterforumprojects.co.uk

World Energy Forum 201222rd – 24th OctoberDubai, UAEwww.worldenergyforum2012.org

POWERCON 201223rd – 26th OctoberAuckland, New Zealandwww.ieee.org

Global Energy 201229th – 31st OctoberGeneva, Switzerlandwww.globalenergygeneva.com

November

Arab Renewable Energy Congress6th – 7th NovemberDubai, UAEwww.greenpowerconferences.com

Biofuels: Progress on Adoption and the Next Generation8th NovemberLondon,UKwww.westminsterforumprojects.co.uk

Delivering the Renewable Heat Incentive13th NovemberLondon, UKwww.westminsterforumprojects.co.uk

West African Power Industry Convention12th – 14th NovemberLagos, Nigeriawww.wapicforum.com

Fourth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste12th – 15th NovemberVenice, Italywww.venicesymposium.it

Australian Institute of Energy National Conference19th – 20th NovemberSydney, Australiawww.aie2012.com

Offshore Wind Power Europe27th – 29th NovemberHamburg, Germanywww.greenpowerconferences.com

The EU Emissions Trading System: progress, global issues and Phase III29th NovemberLondon, UKwww.westminsterforumprojects.co.uk

3rd Annual Nigeria Energy and Power Summit29th – 30th NovemberAbuja, Nigeriawww.nigeriaenergyandpower.com

December

International Renewable Energy Congress20th – 22th DecemberSousse, Tunisiawww.irec.cmerp.net

3rd Annual Battery Safety 20126th – 7th DecemberLas Vegas, USwww.knowledgefoundation.com

2012 International Conference on Power Science and Engineering29-30 December Hong Kongwww.icpse.org

January

3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Civil Engineering4-5 JanuaryBali, Indonesiawww.psrcentre.org

2013 International Conference on Electrical Energy and Networks Conference 19th-20th January Singapore www.iceen.org/

2nd International Conference on Clean and Green Energy Conference Engineering19th-20th January Dubai, United Arab Emirates www.iccge.org/

GensetRoundup

PEi - July/August 201244 www.powerengineeringint.com

GE targets Africa with PowerXpand products

MHI boxes clever with power system in container

GE has introduced its PowerXpand Portfolio which is designed for companies looking to address temporary power needs or in search of permanent power “in a pinch”.

The portfolio consists of GE’s TM2500 and TM2500+ mobile aeroderivative gas turbine generator sets, the Jenbacher J320 containerised gas engine generator set and the V250/V228 diesel engine generator sets.

Darryl Wilson, president of aeroderivative gas turbines for GE Power & Water, said: “Our PowerXpand portfolio is ideal to provide a base load bridge to permanent power, for generating backup power to support natural disaster relief, plant shutdowns

or equipment maintenance or for overcoming generation constraints such as hydropower shortages.”

In April 2011, Greece’s EXPO Power Systems purchased a TM2500+ gas turbine generator set

to meet the summer peak power needs of the electricity grid on the island of Rhodes.

The Rhodes TM2500+ gas turbine generator set was commissioned within 11 days of arrival and ready to

provide a fast, permanent source of power generation.

GE says the PowerXpand portfolio is particularly relevant in Africa, where economic growth is leading to an increase in energy demand.

Total electrif cation rates for the continent, which vary from country to country, still sit well below 50 per cent.

In many areas where energy is available, aging infrastructure and limited energy production capacity often make the electricity unreliable. Many power producers on the continent are searching for rapid, permanent power generation technologies that can solve their problems, such as those technologies in GE’s PowerXpand portfolio.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has completed the development of a transportable power generation system driven by a gas engine and designed like a shipping container.

MHI said the Meganinja is based on a concept of “quick transport, quick installation and quick generation” and as such can be up and running within 24 hours after arrival at its site.

The company believes primary demand for the product will come from emerging economies where power shortages remain common in some regions and for emergency power generators.

Inside the 12-metre long container is all equipment necessary for power generation, including a gas engine, generator, fuel gas compressor and control panel.

The unit can also accommodate cogeneration through simultaneous use of a container for waste heat recovery incorporating a hot water heat exchanger and exhaust gas steam boiler.

Both types of container can be transported to their destination by trailer.

The Meganinja has a generation output of 1500 kW and multiple units can be easily interconnected to expand output further.

Conventional stationary generating equipment requires time-consuming installation work, often up to a month while foundations and pipe and wire connections are made, but MHI stresses that the Meganinja “merely needs to be brought to its installation site, where it normally can be made ready to operate within 24 hours”.

MHI has already signed a deal with China’s Dongguan Xinao Gas Company for two units of the Meganinja.

MHI is also due in October to f nish building a new engineering centre in Shanghai specif cally for gas engine distributed power generation. The centre is intended to respond to growing demand for distributed power generation systems in the Chinese market.

Alstom Thermal Power has signed a contract worth over €100 million ($123 million) with Arabian Bemco Contracting to provide the steam tail for the Riyadh PP12 gas f red power plant being constructed by them for the Saudi Electric Company.

The Riyadh PP12 plant is located 100 km west of the Saudi capital. Once completed, the plant will produce a net output of 2175 MW at high temperatures with high eff ciency.

The plant utilises exhaust gases from the gas turbines to generate steam and run the steam turbines, maximising the fuel utilisation with a highly eff cient combined cycle design. The plant is scheduled to be operational by 2015 in order to meet the increased demand expected in the central region.

This contract includes the supply of two 342 MW steam-turbine generator sets and eight heat recovery steam generators for the power plant.

Alstom Thermal clinches Saudi plant deal

Gas and diesel genset manufacturer FG Wilson has invested €31 million ($37.9 million) to signif cantly grow its production capacity and boost facilities at its global engineering centre of excellence.

The company made the investment to exploit further growth in emerging markets across Africa, the Middle East, China and South America. A total of €26 million was invested in the engineering centre of excellence, which already contains a world leading hemi anechoic chamber providing state of the art acoustic research and testing capabilities. This investment has enhanced FG Wilson’s ‘best-in-class’ pre-production validation testing, which has resulted in signif cant product quality improvements and reductions in warranty claims.

Further investment saw the transformation of a 47 000 square foot assembly line into a continuously moving automated process, at a cost of €5 million.

FG Wilson in $38m expansion

6-8 MAY 2013

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EquipmentRoundup


Siemens Infrastructure & Cities has developed a method for power supply companies and industry to display aspects of Smart Grid systems.

The Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) model can be used for the visualisation, validation and conf guration of Smart Grid projects, and also for standardisation within Smart Grids.

Initial results have now been obtained from the practical application of the model in standardisation, in pilot projects.

Siemens said one of the challenges involved was to develop a technical architecture that describes the functional connections and the information and communications technology relationships between smart grid domains and participating systems and subsystems.

Aspects of interoperability have been taken into account as well as issues of availability, information security, and energy eff ciency. Interoperability is depicted by

f ve superimposed model layers: component, communication, information, function, and business. The developers also designed migration scenarios for an existing

installed base. They likewise allowed for the fact that development of a power system into a comprehensive smart grid is an evolutionary process marked by gradual development in

stages. That is why, said Siemens, the outcome was not so much a blueprint of a Smart Grid architecture but rather a method for the validation of Smart Grid elements’ interactions.

Siemens unveils Smart Grid architecture

ABB has successfully developed and tested an 1100 kV ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) converter transformer which it claims has broken the record for the highest DC voltage levels ever.

The Xiangjiaba-Shanghai link, commissioned by ABB, was the world’s f rst commercial 800 kV UHVDC connection. It has a capacity of 6400 MW and covers a distance of just over 2000 km, making it the longest of its kind in operation.

The new 1100 kV converter transformer technology will make it possible to transmit more than 10 000 MW across distances as long as 3000 km.

Higher voltage levels allow larger amounts of electricity to be transport-ed across very long distances with

minimal losses using HVDC technol-ogy. Converter transformers play a critical role in HVDC transmission serving as the vital interface between the DC link and the AC network.

Development of the 1100 kV transformer addressed several tech-nology challenges such as the sheer size and scale, electrical insulation including bushings and thermal performance parameters.

ABB claims record breaking UHVDC development

Flowserve ships f rst valves to Chinese nuclear plantFlowserve Corporation has shipped the f rst of several main steam isolation valves (MSIVs) to the Sanmen nuclear power plant in China’s Zhejiang province.

The MSIVs will be installed in Unit 1 of the plant, the f rst Westinghouse AP1000 nuclear power plant in the country.

The shipment relates to several multi-million dollar valve orders for the China nuclear market that Flowserve has booked since early 2010.

The massive MSIV, the largest of its kind produced by Flowserve, utilizes a Flowserve Edward gas/hydraulic actuator.

As part of the secondary system of the pressurized water reactor, the MSIV isolates the main steam line

between the steam generator and the turbine. The total assembly of the valve and actuator together stands more than 6.1 metres tall and weighs more than 25 900 kg.

EquipmentRoundup

www.powerengineeringint.com 47PEi - July/August 2012

Tritech has upgraded its Gemini SeaTec, an early warning of the presence of marine mammals in the vicinity of offshore turbine structures.

The system has been successfully f eld trialled on the Marine Current Turbine SeaGen installation in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland, overseen and tested by the Sea Mammal Research Unit.

The latest version of Gemini SeaTec includes improved software algorithms for analysing moving marine life targets according to their size, shape and swimming behaviour.

Targets are categorised using a traff c light system, indicating the

probability that a moving target is a marine mammal.

‘Possible’ (green) targets are the correct size and shape; ‘Potential‘(amber) denotes upgraded ‘Possible’ targets that also have a path that suggests the object is not moving with tidal drift. ‘Probable’ (red) targets are upgraded from ‘Potential’ when they have a high probability of being a marine mammal. Using this scheme also allows the software to eliminate a large number of false targets such as marine debris moving passively with the tide and f sh that are both too small and identif ed as part of a group.

Tritech has whale of a time with mammal detection system

Cable cleat manufacturer Ellis has secured a £1.5 million ($2.3 million)order for its Centaur cable saddles and accessories to secure high voltage cables in National Grid’s London Power Tunnels project.

When complete, there will be over 30km of tunnels carrying high voltage cables between substations in four areas of the city: Wimbledon, Hackney, Willesden and St John’s Wood.

Ellis’ Centaur cable saddles, which were developed specif cally for use with high voltage cables, were specif ed by S�dkabel, the German manufacturers of the cables being installed in the National Grid tunnels.

The order was secured on the back of recent work for National Grid and the fact Ellis was able to prove the suitability and safety of its Centaur product for the project’s specif cation.

Richard Shaw, managing director of Ellis, said: “This order has given us dual cause for celebration. Firstly, it’s the largest the company has ever won and secondly it demonstrates

why we place so much emphasis on research and development.”

In 2008, Ellis launched Centaur, a heavy duty extruded aluminium saddle cleat that had been designed and developed in-house in response to a serious safety issue surrounding the restraint of high voltage cables up to 400kV with a diameter range of 100 to 160mm.

“At the time neither the British nor European Standards took into account cleats on cables of this size,” explained Shaw. “This meant those specifying for such jobs were very much in the hands of the manufacturers, who in most cases simply provided warranties for their products.”

Cable cleat f rm Ellis in £1.5m London deal with National Grid

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EquipmentRoundup

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January 2012

Buyers Guide 2012

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Finnish gear manufacturer Moventas has signed a $99 million deal to supply German renewable energy company Areva Wind.

The contract covers 5 MW gear unit deliveries for the coming years following successful deals completed recently for two offshore wind gears.

“We are very pleased that Areva Wind trusts our leading expertise and over 30-year history in creating technically superior gear solutions for medium-speed and multi-megawatt class drive trains”, saya senior vice president of Wind Gears, Arto Lahtela.

The new offshore gear will strengthen the Moventas product range, especially for the European markets, where the demand for

offshore wind turbines is showing promising signs of growth.

Challenging offshore conditions set extremely high requirements for both product design and manufacturing technologies. Moventas is providing Areva Wind’s international offshore wind expansion with a reliable medium speed offshore wind gear.

With a rated power of 5 MW, Areva’s M5000 wind turbine with its innovative medium-speed concept has now three years of operational experience in the German North Sea, and the group is now moving into serial production. Beyond this Areva is aiming at strong international expansion, with a focus on the European markets, and in particular the UK and France.

Moventas in $99m deal with Areva’s wind business

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POWER-GEN Asia and Renewable Energy World Asia is the annual meeting place for senior executive and industry professionals from

the power generation and transmission and distribution industries.

The conference has become the major annual platform for the industry to discuss topics and issues of the day and is regularly contributed

to with keynote speeches, in its joint keynote session, from Government Ministers and Governors of the region’s utility companies.

CO-LOCATED WITH:

N CONO ENTRE,

Anniversary

Leading Industry Exhibition

Discover new ideas, technologies and developments at the region’s leading exhibition for the power and transmission & distribution

industries and Source the latest products and services from leading companies and suppliers from around the world.

If you are involved in power and water industries and are looking to increase your business and knowledge in the

region, then celebrate the 20th Anniversary of POWER-GEN Asia – the regions premier power industry event – in

Bangkok, Thailand from 3rd to 5th October 2012.

Joint Opening Keynote Session Wednesday 3rd October – 9am

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Scan POWER-GEN Asia QR code with your smart phone:

For full conference programme, speakers and presentations visit: www.powergenasia.com

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Exhibition Opening Hours

Wednesday 3rd October 10:30 – 18:00

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When Leaders Retire: Ready the Bench Through Succession Planning

Energized about India?

THE Big Crew Change:OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Fo r t he i ndu s t r y ’ s c a r e e r - m inde d p r o f e s s i ona l s SUMMER 2012

A sup p l emen t t o P ennWe l l pub l i c a t i on s | w w w. P ennEne r g yJ O B S . c om

Using Blended Learning for the Big Crew Change Knowledge Transfer

Building a High Performance Workforce with a New Type of Corporate Leadership

Young Professionals in Energy: New Networking in an Old Industry

Keeping in Touch with Former Employees Ensures Access to Valuable Talent Pool

2 EDITOR’S LETTERMind the Gap Dorothy Davis, PennWell

3 The Big Crew Change: Opportunities and Challenges Dorothy Davis, PennWell

5 Building a High Performance Workforce with a New Type of Corporate LeadershipFrank Lloyd, PhD, Associate Dean of Executive Education for the SMU Cox School of Business

7 Young Professionals in Energy: New Networking in an Old IndustryHilton Price, PennWell

8 TRAINING INSIGHTSUsing Blended Learning for the Big Crew Change Knowledge TransferBon Crowder, Learning and Communications Strategist with Obsidian

9 HR INSIGHTSWhen Leaders Retire: Ready the Bench Through Succession PlanningChris Wright, Ph.D., President and CEO of Reliant

10 MARKET INSIGHTSEnergized about India? Sheila H. Khatri Esq., President of Moti International

12 RECRUITER’S PRACTICUM Keeping in Touch with Former Employees Ensures Access to Valuable Talent PoolCathy Clonts, Alumni Web Services

w w w . P e n n E n e r g y J O B S . c o m

SUMMER 2012

A PENNWELL PUBL ICAT ION

Stacey Schmidt, [email protected]

Dorothy Davis, Senior [email protected]

Hilton Price, [email protected]

Meg Fuschetti, Art [email protected]

Daniel Greene, Production [email protected]

Tommie Grigg, Audience Development [email protected]

PennWell Corporation1421 South Sheridan RoadTulsa, Oklahoma 74112918 835 3161PennWell.com

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Ad ve r t i s e r s ’I ndex Chevron ...................................................................................... Inside Front Cover

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2 Summer 2012 | FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com | EnergyWorkforce

Ed i to r ’ sLe t t e r

W ITH the energy sectors poised to have more than half of its workforce retiring in the next decade, the industry seems to be faced with more questions than

answers on what lies ahead. While there is no denying the growing gap between those on the cusp of retirement and those entering the workforce, not everyone is sold on the idea that this looming generational shift will have as strong an impact on the industry as predicted. My opinion is that either way it is always wise to mind the gap, lest you f nd yourself in it.

This issue of Energy Workforce is dedicated to taking a look at what’s ahead through insights from those engaged in our industry today. We open our examination of “The Big Crew Change” with a look at where things stand on page 3.

Next we examine what the next generation values in an employer. Learn what it takes to build a high performance workforce by understanding what today’s top candidates are seeking in the companies eager to recruit them on page 5.

For those entering the workforce, we highlight one of the most respected and established non-prof t networking and career development resources for the energy industry,

Young Professionals in Energy, and how they view the pending change, on page 7.Looking towards establishing tomorrow’s leaders, read about the benef ts of creating

a formalized succession plan on page 9 and using blended learning to maximize knowledge transfer on page 8.

While planning for the next generation of leaders, companies are also f nding value in tapping veteran employees through company-wide networking tools to round out their talent pools. Find out more on page 12.

Finally, we highlight tips and tactics to help companies exploring India as a growth strategy in meeting global demand on page 10.

No matter how you are engaged in energy, PennEnergy is your resource for today, tomorrow and beyond.

Carpe diem!

—Dorothy Davis

Mind the Gap

This issue of Energy Workforce is dedicated to taking a look at what’s ahead through insights from those engaged in our industry today.

EnergyWorkforce | FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES, VISIT www.PennEnergyJOBS.com | Summer 2012 3

M OST Americans are at least dimly aware that the popula-tion of the country is steadily

aging on the whole, with the massive baby boom generation reaching its el-der years. And most people understand that the change could have dramatic impacts on American politics, eco-nomics and even culture, from rising Medicare costs to even stronger voting strength for the elderly.

One aspect of the upcoming gen-erational shift that is often overlooked by people who are not directly affected, however, is the impact that this ag-ing population will have on skill- and knowledge-based industries around the

country. Chief among these industries is the energy sector, which relies heav-ily on a variety of very specif c science and engineering professionals.

Big energy going grey

According to the Bureau of Labor Sta-tistics, the oil and gas extraction in-dustry employs around 193,000 people across the U.S. The energy sector as a whole tops that by a wide margin, with utilities alone employing more than 560,000 people, without counting competitive electricity providers, en-ergy system manufacturers or the more local positions created in the burgeon-ing green energy economy.

However, many of these hundreds-of-thousands of employees are nearing the ends of their careers. Analysis from infor-mation and research f rm IHS shows the average age of the oil and gas industry’s professional workers rose from 43 years old at the start of the new millennium to 50 toward the middle of the decade. By this year, that peak was expected to move as high as 60 years old.

Retirements without replacements

As the industry average continues to near retirement age, most companies are bracing to see around half of their professional staff leave within the next decade, what many have dubbed “the Big Crew Change.”

A report from Schlumberger Busi-ness Consulting, the eighth annual “Oil & Gas HR Benchmark Survey,” found that the oil and gas industries will be required to replace more than 22,000 top geoscientists and petroleum engi-neers by 2015. The report is actually signif cantly more positive than recent estimates about the potential for univer-sities to provide suff cient graduates to f ll these open positions, but it does note that the sector will ultimately see a loss of experience, if not a decline in overall numbers. In particular, the 2010 SBC report projects a limited supply of gradu-ates from “quality institutions.”

But the Big Crew Change is cer-tainly not restricted to oil and gas ex-ploration companies. Manufacturers like Ford and Caterpillar are facing shortages of machinists and other spe-cialists, but the BLS points out that the energy industry as a whole is deal-ing with an aging workforce. In 2008, about 37 percent of the electric power generation, transmission and distribu-tion industries were between 45 and 54 years old, compared to 23.4 percent for the national workforce.

The Big Crew Change: Opportunities and Challenges By Dorothy Davis

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Industry growing as shift looms

Despite the ongoing concerns with re-placing the huge number of retiring workers, the energy sector has already seen staggering growth in the past few years. NewGeography reports an analy-sis from Praxis Strategy Group shows that jobs in the oil and gas industries along with mining and quarrying grew as much as 58.5 percent from 2006 to 2011. Even the healthcare and education sectors paled in comparison, achieving a very respectable 11 to 12 percent growth.

Utilities also added their fair share of positions, growing 3.4 percent. And neither of these numbers even take into account the surging renewable energy sectors across many parts of the U.S.

These positions include some of the highest-paying jobs in the country

as well. The BLS Occupational Out-look Handbook notes that petroleum engineers earned a median of more than $114,000 in 2010, ranking as the highest-paying engineering position in the country. Mining and geological engineers likewise ranked highly with a median salary of nearly $83,000. Other key engineering and technician roles ranged from the mid-$40,000 to the high $60,000 range, but NewGeogra-phy notes the utilities sector actually reported even higher average annual earnings than the oil and gas sector.

Consequences as well as opportunities

Despite the potential for younger work-ers to establish themselves in growing industries, though, there are serious con-cerns about the impact worker shortages

could have on the economy. A substan-tial majority of the surveyed national (70 percent) and international (60 percent) oil companies reported delays in some projects due to staff ng problems.

Oil and Gas Journal also notes that the majority of new geosciences and petroleum engineering graduates are coming from Russia and Asia, particu-larly China. As more trained profession-als come from abroad, many companies will need to adopt a more international hiring and recruiting strategy. Particu-larly as the oil and gas industries come to rely on more technically complex extraction techniques like hydraulic fracturing and deep sea drilling, many companies will need to proactively ad-dress their approach to hiring to main-tain consistent growth. ⊗


A S the energy industry continues to deal with the challenge of the “the big crew change” individual

oil and gas companies who are hiring would do well to consider the character-istics that today’s top candidates seek in career opportunities. According to expe-rience working with corporate recruiters who wish to hire MBA millennials, the best prospects are asking three questions of prospective employers:

• Are you sustainable?• Are you diverse?• Are you f exible?

The f rst question pertains to environ-mental and social impact more than business prospects. The second ques-tion is about organizational culture as well as demographics, and the third is about willingness and ability to accom-modate lifestyle balances.

In addition to these questions, the emerging generation is looking for employers who are committed to con-tinuous employee development: on-going feedback, recognition and chal-lenging assignments with a path to positions of accountability.

Students at the Cox School attend-ing undergraduate, graduate, and exec-utive development programs are attract-ed to the energy industry because of its f nancial success, its technologi-cal innovations and its global scope. The school is adding programs to meet growing student interest.

However, to capitalize on this newly kindled interest in the energy industry, employers should consider embracing a new type of corporate leadership that rewrites the current leadership script in a way that accommodates the demands of a new generation of talent.

This new leadership model is found-ed on the pillars of purpose, ethics, and value for multiple stakeholders. The new paradigm demands an expanded set of leadership capabilities at all f rm levels. Firms and leaders who embrace this new paradigm have the following characteristics.PURPOSE. New paradigm leaders artic-ulate the organization’s larger purpose and focus on organizational rather than individual success. Recent MIT research indicates that top talent is more incented by a company’s long-term focus on pur-pose than even a cash bonus.ETHICS. They communicate truthfully and with transparency, maintain rela-tionships based on reliability and reci-procity – in a word, trust – and stand up for their beliefs while providing chan-nels for others to constructively address conf icts between stated and enacted values in the organization.MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS. They strive to align the organization’s multi-ple stakeholders’ interests, including employees, and get them moving in the same direction.

We call this leadership paradigm “fourth dimension” because it asks leaders to:

• Understand themselves and how

Building a High Performance Workforce with a New Type of Corporate LeadershipBy Frank Lloyd, Ph.D.

FRANK R. LLOYD,, Ph.D.,, is Associate Dean of f Executive Education fof r the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University. He is responsible

ffor programs for executives, managers, and working professionals. He joined SMU from the Thunderbird School of Global Management where he served as Vice President of Executive Education. Prior to that, Dr. Lloyd was a human resources management executive with General Motors.General Motors.


their values and behavior styles appear to others in the organization, impacting their ability to fulf ll their role as leaders.

• Discern values and styles in others and use that understanding to moti-vate others and form effective teams.

• Communicate organizational values and strategies to large groups of peo-ple, get them moving together, and lead organization change.

• Represent the organization’s larger

purposes outside the organization among various stakeholders.

These three elements on which fourth dimension leadership is based must guide actions and yield results. They enable the f rm to address environmental and social impact, organization culture and climate, and sensitivity to individual differences. They serve as motivators for employees and a compass for the long-term direction of the company.

Business schools are already pursu-ing new initiatives that develop fourth dimension leadership skills as evidenced by emerging curriculum trends:

• Proliferation of social entrepreneur-ship courseware.

• Curriculum revisions that empha-size ethical leadership.

• Intentional use of community ser-vice as a teaching tool.

• Growing emphasis on corporate

responsibility and sustainable value creation.

• Increasing number of businesses who express social purpose as a key element of their brand promises to prospective employees.

By committing to do likewise, oil and gas companies will attract more of the best business school students.

Of necessity, energy f rms have long been among the most engaged with-in communities and the political enti-ties with whom they operate. However, as the complex global industry matured in the 1960s beyond the founding gen-erations of explorers, successive industry challenges made it diff cult to embrace leadership behaviors beyond those focused on production, eff ciency, and prof ts. New paradigm leadership is a way to regain behaviors needed to gain trust and respect from a wide range of stakeholders, including current and pro-spective employees.

Big payoff

The payoff for the energy industry to develop new paradigm leaders is poten-tially huge. New paradigm leadership can attract the best investors. A 2007 study published by the University of Pennsylvania Wharton School of Busi-ness study found that 30 companies managed to optimize stakeholder val-ue rather than shareholder value out-performed the S&P 500 at three-, f ve-, and 10-year intervals up to 700%--and the companies examined by Jim Col-lins in Good to Great. In a subsequent book, Built to Last, Collins and Jerry Porras show that organizations driven by purpose outperformed the general mar-ket 15:1 and outperformed comparison companies 6:1.

Further, SMU Cox research indi-cates that:

• Trust and integrity of leadership are

key factors in moving employees to higher levels of engagement, and f rms with higher levels of engage-ment perform better in terms of customer loyalty, employee reten-tion, productivity, quality, and safe-ty (Miguel Quinones, “Making the Strategic Transition”).

• Positive impression of a company’s ethical culture increases employ-ee engagement; misconduct erodes it; engaged employees reduce ethics risk as they are more likely to report suspected unethical conduct (Mari-beth Kuenzi, on Ethics Resource Center Studies, in “Research on the Frontiers of Leadership.”).

The biggest payoff for a new leadership paradigm in the energy industry could be its effect on new talent. If the indus-try were better known for its new para-digm – its larger purposes, its ability to align the interests of multiple stakehold-ers, and its ethical climate – it would do better in attracting and retaining tal-ented young people, especially those of the millennial generation. The new paradigm promotes sustainable oper-ating practices, recognition of societal interests beyond those of the f rm, and an organizational climate that permits alignment of diverse employee inter-ests around common goals and a larg-er purpose. The new paradigm also promotes trust-based and transparent communication needed to give the can-did feedback and honest recognition that fuels employee development and engagement.

Although some energy companies have a way to go in terms of moving from an interesting opportunity to a pre-ferred—or even esteemed--employer, an energy industry guided by new para-digm leadership can attract the best tal-ent as well as the best customers and best investors and thus face a bright future. ⊗

The Leader:Aligning and

Balancingthe Four

Self: Values,Styles

Others: InterpersonalRelationships

External: MultipleStakeholders and

Community

Organizations: Purposeand Culture


I T’S called “The Big Crew Change,” and it makes sense we’re talking about it so much in 2012, because

it sure sounds like doomsday is upon us. The industry’s natural turnover is about to be complicated by an abnor-mally high number of potential retirees, amongst them some crucial decision-makers. This has many people closely watching the industry, and for young job seekers, looking for opportunity.

The young energy professionals entering the industry bring a vastly different set of abilities and familiari-ties than the generation that is leaving. From calculators to smart phones and ledgers to laptops, this incoming crew has a new way to do things. But the latest crop of young job seekers has one thing very much in common with their retir-ing counterparts. Aiding them in their job hunt is a skill that, despite some recent high-tech innovations, is very much a classic technique: networking.

Young Professionals in Energy is a non-prof t group helping the next gen-eration of energy professionals f nd their place in the industry. The group mix-es classic face-to-face networking meet-ups with the latest technological tools to help job seekers f nd the positions they’re looking for. With 20 chapters worldwide, and a membership boasting more than 20,000 job seekers, YPE has established itself as a reliable resource.

Nick Cooper is President of YPE’s Tul-

sa branch. Speaking with PennEnergy Workforce about the pending Big Crew Change, he emphasized the opportunity it presents for the next generation.

“For 25 years, there has not been a demand for Petroleum Engineers, Geologists, Landmen, etc. Now, the majority of these professionals are in the twilight of their careers and the indus-try is booming. There is a huge demand with short supply. This has created a huge opportunity for young people to rapidly advance in some companies.”

Cooper says positions in Petroleum Engineering and Geology are in high-est demand, commanding salaries sure to turn young job seekers’ heads.

“Petroleum Engineers can make over $100,000 per year straight out of school, even with subpar grades.”

Energetic self-starters are having the best success in securing new positions, and even where a position may not be available yet, some eager job seekers are already working to be noticed.

“In my opinion the “gap” that exists in the oil and gas industry is a great oppor-tunity for my generation. Never before have we seen such a large disconnect in one industry,” said Cooper. “There are thousands of small independents who don’t have someone who can take over the family business. I am already seeing young people in the industry trying to position themselves to take advantage of opportunities that might come up.”

One way young people are staying competitive for those opportunities is through supplemental education. Spe-cif cally, it can prove extra benef cial for students on other career paths hop-ing to steer their way into the energy industries, but Cooper says supplemen-tal education is for anyone looking to round out their knowledge.

“I would recommend accountants and f nancial people to take some sort of oil and gas course work just so they have knowledge of what they are look-ing at, Cooper said. “The same goes for people with technical degrees, they should take some sort of business class.”

YPE also works with other indus-try and networking organizations. The Tulsa branch has partnered with the Tulsa Young Professionals, as well as the Tulsa Association of Petroleum Landmen and Oklahoma Independent Producers Association. Besides extend-ing the networking reach for YPE’s core demographic, this positions the group to point job seekers of all ages in the right direction.

Besides traditional partnerships and meet-ups, YPE has seen the emphasis of social networking on the modern job hunt. Specif cally, Cooper points to LinkedIn as a vital tool for job seekers.

“LinkedIn is increasingly becoming a “must-have” for people in the indus-try,” he said. “Every day more and more recruiters are using this as an avenue to search for employees.”

YPE’s membership features employ-ees of the worlds’ largest power and petroleum companies, and stretches to positions outside the traditional ener-gy sectors.

Membership is free; the organiza-tion’s costs are covered through corpo-rate donations. More information on YPE is available through the organiza-tion’s website, www.ypenergy.org. ⊗

Young Professionals in Energy: New Networking in an Old Industr yBy Hilton Price, PennWell


TRAINING Insights

W ITH two generations leaving the workplace and two gen-erations coming in, there’s

never been a bigger and more challeng-ing crew change in our industry. Now’s the time to maximize training!

Learning, and thus teaching, is dif-ferent for each generation. And this places us uniquely in the position of trying every type of training, simultane-ously. Sometimes in a good way. And sometimes not.

Blended learning combines the learning and teaching styles of all gen-erations to bridge the knowledge gap. It provides a variety of learning opportu-nities at the right times so a learner will retain the most information. It involves various tools, styles and environments. Blended learning takes elements from face-to-face lectures and activities and mixes them with the convenience of computer based interaction.

Although blending learning takes its name from using various media, the essential element is timing. Even if you never change your current plan of in-struction for your training, you can in-crease retention through pre-work and post-work.

Consider these four steps to learning when designing your next training event.

EXPOSURE is the f rst step to learning.

Exposure can be in the form of lecture, training video or observation. Often it’s also on-the-job training – whether the proper processes were taught or not.

The learner gets just enough infor-mation to start thinking about the pro-cesses . You can start the learner’s expo-sure to your material in the classroom or through some pre-work. It can be in the form of a handout to read before the course or a small web-based training video or module.

ACTIVITY enhances exposure.

Any activity following the exposure en-hances what was just shown. This can be in form of exercises, lab work or f eld simulations. Activity is anything con-nected to the exposure that allows the learner to take charge. They’re usually hands-on and engaging.

You can do these multiple times dur-ing a lecture class. In a web-based train-ing module, your designers can build in places where the learner can par-ticipate. This could be a drag and drop interaction, off ine work that requires online results reporting or participation in an online forum.

Even webinars can engage learners this way with off ine independent exer-

cises that they can “vote on” during the live event.

SETTLING allows passive learning.

The next step to learning a task or process is allowing the subconscious to work. The brain does this all on its own. In a training session, this can come in the form of lunch breaks, weekends or leaving for the day. For longer term training sessions, for ex-ample an 8-week course that meets on Saturdays, there is ample settling time.

Settling gives the brain a chance to process and sort the information. If there is no time for this, the retention is minimal. You can force settling by giving people longer breaks and asking them to go somewhere else for lunch. The change of scenery prompts the brain to engage with the material dif-ferently, thus sorting it more eff ciently.

RE-ENGAGEMENT of the material solidif es it.

Re-engagement can show up as any situation that has stress or heightened emotions connected to the learning. This can be studying for and taking a certif cation exam or the initial expe-rience on the job that needs the new knowledge. Most of adult training lacks exams, so re-engagement often shows up when the learner handles a real life situation for the f rst time.

The learner at this point will at-tempt to modify conscious thinking to best f t with what the subconscious has done during settling. The added stress will allow them to connect with what they’ve done better – as the emotions induce a different type of learning.

Re-engagement should be timely so that the learner still retains the informa-tion he needs and doesn’t get frustrated. To help your employees retain informa-tion better, make sure they have lots of practice after a training session is over. ⊗

Using Blended Learning for the Big Crew Change Knowledge TransferBy Bon Crowder

BON CROWDER is a Learning and Communications Strategist with Obsidian in Houston,Texas. www.Obsidian Edge.comTexas. www.Obsidian-Edge.com


HR Insights

A CCORDING to forecasters, in the next 10 years approximately 3 out of 10 workers will be re-

tiring. This means organizations need to be getting serious about succession planning. According to a global survey of over 1300 companies by Korn/Ferry, only 35% of companies have a formal succession plan. Organizations who fail to create a succession plan will be left scrambling to f ll leadership positions and competing f ercely for leadership talent with other companies in the same boat. The proactive strategy is to begin planning now and to create a formal-ized succession plan. In this two part series, I will share some practical strate-gies to create a succession plan and pro-vide suggestions to help you have the succession planning conversation with your company’s top leadership.

What is succession planning, really? In The Leadership Pipeline, Charran, Drotter and Noel def ne succession planning as, “perpetuating the enter-prise by f lling the pipeline with high-performing people to assure that every leadership level has an abundance of these performers to draw from both now and in the future (pg. 167).”

In layman’s terms, succession plan-ning involves identifying potential leaders with-

in your company that could one day f ll critical leadership roles and then investing in their development, so that when the day comes, they are ready to step into these critical leadership roles. The only way to create a succes-sion plan is to start the conversation with key leaders in order to help them understand the importance of succes-sion planning for the long-term sus-tainability of the company. Accord-ing to Dr. Betty Bailey, below are 6 key questions that will help any HR leader start the succession planning dialogue with C-Level executives:

• Which segments of the work-force create value for which our company is most rewarded in the marketplace?

• Which areas of our company will be most impacted by impending waves of retirement?

• In what areas/jobs is the talent mar-ket heating up (e.g. demand will outrace supply?)

• What skills will we need over the next 3-5 years that we currently do not possess?

• What is our turnover in business critical areas/jobs?

• Are we actively developing talent portfolios and workforce plans that will help us to understand and com-

municate the f nancial consequenc-es of talent decisions?

An effective succession plan must be linked to the vision and strategy of the company and must include senior level executives in the process. These ques-tions will help start you down the path of succession planning with your leaders.

The def nition of succession plan-ning is to ensure the sustainability of your company by f lling your pipeline with high performing employees to ensure that leadership at every level has high performers to move into key posi-tions when leaders leave or retire.

Step 1: Def ning Talent Needs

The outcomes associated with this step include clearly def ned position requirements that have been docu-mented and enable you to pool sim-ilar positions. Based on the position requirements the company will have def ned the competencies and skills for today and the future.

Step 2: Assessing Current

Bench Strength

The outcomes associated with this step include identif cation of potential suc-cessors, def ning the qualif cations of individuals in your talent pools and cre-ation of personal talent prof les for all individuals.

Step 3: Create Succession Plans &

Begin Development of Successors

The outcomes associated with this step include specif c development plans for potential successors to strengthen skill and competency gaps.

By following this blueprint, your company will be well on its way to establishing succession plans for its key leaders and making succession plan-ning a part of your company’s talent management strategy and culture. ⊗

When Leaders Retire: Ready the Bench Through Succession Planning

DR.R. WRIGHGHTT iis s the foundeder,r Preresisidedentnt a andnd CEO o off ReRelilianant TT(w(wwww.relianttlilive.comom)). He led d the dedevelopment ofof R Releliaiantn ’s end-to-end Talentn

Management solutions andnd aassessments. OvOver 1100000 compananiies s glglobally utilize one of Relliant s talent management solutions.Reliannt’t ss tatallent management solutions.


MARKET Insights

I NDIA is energy starved. Energy is a limiting factor in how fast its econo-my can grow, making the energy sec-

tor a huge potential growth opportunity. And a number of energy f rms are eyeing India as a lucrative market where cre-ative projects can come to fruition. But there is a number of obstacles companies face in India, and there have been sev-eral energy f rms that have either pulled out of the market or are scaling back. One challenge is that energy f rms face a signif cant workforce shortage in India, a land of 1.2 billion people.

The shortage exists primarily in f nd-ing technical skills. There are few plac-es where foreign f rms can cherry-pick technical talent, often only a handful of government organizations. To deal with the shortage, many Indian compa-nies are choosing to create institutions where they train their own talent. For a foreign f rm, setting up a school and a business in India may not be an option.

If you are exploring India as a growth strategy, expect to make an investment in your workforce. Also, when build-ing your workforce, be aware there is a large cultural gap in doing business between the U.S. and India. Based on my experience in India developing the State of Maryland’s Trade Off ce staff

and creating an incubation service for U.S. companies seeking to do business in India, I’ve compiled 9 workforce tips and facts to keep in mind as you strat-egize an India market-entry plan.

1. Build your brand in India before

you ramp up your workforce. Brand recognition helps if you need to build a workforce. Top people want to work for solid companies. If you don’t have brand recognition in India, expect to pay high salaries.

2. Invest time in hiring your top peo-

ple. Getting good top people is impor-tant, because inf uential people often bring their staff with them when they switch jobs. Employees tend to follow good managers.

3. Go to the workforce. Research the universities that have programs with the skill sets you need most and estab-lish your operations as close as possible to your talent pool. India’s workforce is young, so expect to provide in-house training of technical and soft skills.

Beware that many young profession-als chose to move back “home” after reaching personal milestones such as getting married or becoming a parent. So setting up your India operations near your workforce could save you from high and costly attrition.

4. Don’t skimp on the interview. It is very important to have multiple rounds of interviews for all job levels. Include oral and written components in the hiring process. Don’t rely on just a phone inter-view. Videoconference is a minimum.

Despite the use of English as the business language in India, the gaps in business culture between the U.S. and India are huge. Many companies have fallen into this pitfall. Use the interview process as a multi-faceted f lter to en-sure a good f t.

5. Be patient and have persever-

ance. The promise of India is its young workforce, but don’t expect it to behave maturely. Expect some young hire will accept your job offer, and then unex-pectedly not show up on their f rst day because they’ve accepted another posi-tion for a small salary increase.

Basically, cash is king. Development programs are nice but not a key factor in accepting a job or staying with an exist-ing employer for most young employees.

However, an opportunity abroad is im-portant for mid-level management, and can compensate for perceived def cien-cies in salary. A job based in India for 12 months, then abroad for 2 months, could be an attractive on-site development op-portunity for mid-level managers.

6. About salaries. Wages generally consist of (1) salary; (2) f exible compo-nent: may include a home rent allow-ance, driver allowance, gasoline allow-ance (if the employee doesn’t use it, it doesn’t effect the employee’s salary but the employee may be expected to pay taxes on it); (3) bonus; (4) health care.

Salary hikes in some sectors are ex-pected every year.

7. The perks. Common perks of-fered by Indian companies include subsidized or free: transportation to and from work, breakfast, lunch, Indian teas and coffees, and liberal policies for

Energized about India? By Sheila H. Khatri Esq., President Moti International

SHEILA H. KHATRI is founder and President of Moti International with over nine years of experience in establishing foreign subsidiaries and helping companies do business abroad. Before her involvement in the international arena, Ms. Khatri was a practicing attorney in the area of employment and business law. She holds a Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Baltimore, School of Law and a Bachelors of Science degree in Finance from theUniversity of Maryland, College Park. Visit http://motiintl.com for more information.University of Maryland, College Park. Visit http://motiintl.com for more information.


home emergencies. Home emergencies can include visits from unexpected out of town guests.

Typically, Indian companies have Monday to Saturday work schedules, but most multinationals have Monday to Friday hours.

8. A big culture gap. Be clear on what your India operation is intended to be. Is it a support center for the parent company or a true extension of the company in India?

To transfer the corporate culture, of-f cials from the parent company should set-up the Indian entity and transfer the corporate culture. But do not send someone from the parent company onlybecause he/she is of Indian origin. For example, the IT guy who has worked for your company for the past 25 years may not be the best ambassador for the

parent company. The business culture in India has undergone a rapid change from 20 years ago. It is sometimes more eff cient for someone, with no precon-ceived notions about India, to help your Indian talent adapt to the parent corpo-rate culture.

9. The title. Titles in India are im-portant. Especially when dealing with a young workforce.

For example the title: Manager adds credibility in the marriage market – every-one wants this title for social signif cance.

The above 9 tips and facts high-light some of the common issues and questions we’ve heard and dealt with in helping companies enter the Indian marketplace. Many of these challenges can easily be avoided with good plan-ning, patience and perseverance. In

addition, I highly recommend having an employee on the ground in India in the very early stages of establishing your market entry plan. The long-term pay-off can be huge.

The most common reasons compa-nies choose not to put someone in In-dia is cost and risk – but both of these reasons can be mitigated by utilizing an employment surrogate, such as the ser-vice my f rm offers. A surrogate allows you to engage a person on the ground as if they were your employee, but transfer-ring the administrative and legal role to an entity in India. With such a resource, your company can generate critical busi-ness intelligence, develop strategic rela-tionships and obtain valuable feedback. The more information you have, the more likely you will succeed in India. ⊗

Books, Books…So Many Books

Check out over 50,000 energy industry titles at

www.PennEnergy.com

PennEnergy.com is your best source for the largest and most comprehensive compilation of books related to the energy industry.

• Oil & Gas

• Power Systems

• Renewable Energy

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RECRUITER’S Practicum

W HATEVER you call it — the ‘big crew change’ or the ‘graying workforce’ — ev-

eryone agrees workforce demograph-ics are changing and companies must have an effective strategy for avoiding talent shortfalls.

A recent report fromt he CIPD found 81 percent of HR professionals are experi-encing hiring diff culties and 73 percent indicate this is particularly true for spe-cialist skills. Employers requiring tech-nical talent note more professionals are leaving the workforce than joining.

Weakness = strength

Enter a new idea born of the age-old adage, “your greatest weakness will become your greatest strength.” Exit-ing employees create a vast and proven talent bank for employers who are will-ing to pursue it.

Within the pool of former employ-ees is that new mother who is open to working f ex hours; the retiree will-ing to mentor a new hire or take on a short-term project; and the worker who crossed over to Brand X and discovered the grass is not always greener.

With former employees like these in mind, forward-thinking companies are doing more than letting exiting employees know the door remains ajar.

Online neighborhoods as solution

Increasingly, employers are engaging in online alumni communities to stay con-nected to former employees and track career growth. When done correctly, these are win-win websites. A good place for the company to visit. And a very good place for individuals who could receive an invitation back to employment.

In fact, within the oil industry, a num-ber of Fortune 500 companies mine alumni communities to f nd and hire back previous employees who return with enhanced skills. These companies realize former employees are unique-ly positioned to hit the ground running, and sourcing talent through an alumni community is fast and cost-effective.

How it works

According to our experience at Alum-ni Website Services (AWS), to be a suc-cessful place for employee networking as well as a graying workforce solu-

tion, professional online alumni com-munities must be managed. In addi-tion to socializing, previous employees should expect to regularly receive news they care about. On the compa-ny side, online networking technolo-gies, such as that offered by AWS, must be maximized for the business. Bene-f ts include:

• A recruitment tool that mines for experienced talent

• Quality referrals from individuals who know the company

• A receptive audience for promoting brand and image messagesWith the data-mining tool, compa-

nies eff ciently search through prov-en talent using key criteria like techni-cal discipline, years of experience and location preferences. Mining within qualif ed talent pools is superior to gen-eral mining sites like Monster.com and LinkedIn, which are largely populated by entry-level talent.

As a pool for obtaining quality refer-rals, these alumni websites are excel-lent. Former employees know the com-pany and can recommend someone who is a good f t.

Through it all, helpful, reader-friendly communications that appear regularly keep members connected and drive home the message—“Although you’ve left the company, the door

Keeping in touch with former employees ensures access to valuable talent poolEmployee networking serves both the company and the community

By Cathy Clonts, Alumni Web Services

CATHY CLONTS is president of Alumni Web Services, the largest provider of onlinenenetwtwororkikingng ccomommumuninititieses aandnd mmananagagememenentt seservrviciceses ttoo ththee oioill anandd gagass ininduduststryry. ToTodadayy AWAWSS offers a comprehensive employee networking tool that serves the desires of corporate alumni tostay connected with one another, provides short- and long-term employment opportunities for former employees and cost effectively supports employers needs for experienced talent.former employees and cost-effectively supports employers’ needs for experienced talent.

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remains open.” Messages reach both passive and active job seekers as demonstrated in the following examples.

A Deloitte alumnus who joined the online communi-ty for social reasons noticed an attractive job posting and returned to the company.

Within the Chevron community a member who had gone to work for another company was recruited back after he realized he missed the work at Chevron. Said the hiring manager, “Keeping in touch with people after they leave is vital.”

In short, no longer does the loss of an experienced employee have to hit a company as hard. With online employee networks, employers can f ll that talent gap quickly by bringing in experienced, capable former employees for short-term consulting opportunities and as mentors to train new hires.

The days of an uninterrupted career with one compa-ny are over. Consequently, savvy companies are working through online alumni communities to maintain win-win relationships with employees and positively reposition the revolving door.

For a comprehensive list of petroleum and power careers in the US and abroad, visit PennEnergy Jobs today.

Cathy Clonts is president of Alumni Web Services, the largest provider of online networking communities and management services to the oil and gas industry. Today AWS offers a comprehensive employee network-ing tool that serves the desires of corporate alumni to stay connected with one another, provides short- and long-term employment opportunities for former employees and cost-effectively supports employers’ needs for expe-rienced talent. ⊗

We’ve got people.

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WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-ASIA.COM

PRE-SHOW GUIDE

TOWARDS A CLEAN ENERGY FUTURE

CO-LOCATED WITH:

OWNED AND PRODUCED BY: PRESENTED BY: SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS:

CO-LOCATED WITH:

CONFERENCE & EXHIBITIONIMPACT EXHIBITION & CONVENTION CENTRE,

BANGKOK, THAILAND

3 – 5 OCTOBER 2012

Department of AlternativeEnergy Development and Effciency

/ WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-ASIA.COMPAGE 2 / WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-ASIA.COMPP

2 How to Register

3 Welcome

4 Welcome from Minister of Energy

4 Welcome from Governor EGAT

5 Exhibition Opening Hours/ Schedule of Events

6 Thank you to our Sponsors

7 Renewable Energy World Asia Conference Grid

8-9 POWER-GEN Asia Conference Grid

10-11 Joint Opening Keynote Session

11 Joint Plenary Panel Discussion

12-17 Renewable Energy World Asia Conference Programme

17 Advisory Board

18 Opening/Closing Reception

19 Technical Plant Tour

20 Pre-Conference Workshop

21 POWER-GEN DirectEventConnect Global Community

22 Floorplan

23 Exhibitor List

24 Press Offce PR & Social Networking

25 How to Get There

26 Travel and Hotel Accomodation

27 Hotel Booking Form

28 Registration Form

CONTENTS

CHOOSE FROM 4 SIMPLE WAYS TO REGISTER FOR THE RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION:

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HOW TO REGISTER

WELCOME

Dear Colleague

PennWell Corporation is delighted to welcome you to Renewable Energy World Asia 2012 in the wonderful city of Bangkok.

Renewable Energy World Asia is delighted to be returning to Bangkok, Thailand from 3rd to 5th October 2012, where it was launched in 2009, for what will be another outstanding conference and exhibition bringing together many of the leading players, both people and organizations, from the renewable and alternative energy and power generation industries.

This year Renewable Energy World Asia, the leading event for large scale renewable, alternative and sustainable energy, will again be co-located with POWER-GEN Asia the region’s premier event for the power generation and T&D industries. A combination that makes this the largest gathering of power industry professionals in South East Asia.

Renewable Energy World enjoys the full support and endorsement of the leading industry related organizations in Thailand, including the Ministry of Energy, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Effciency, the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organisation, the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, the Metropolitan Electricity Authority and the Provincial Electricity Authority. The event also benefts from the additional support of the Independent Power Producers Forum, Renewable Energy & Energy Effciency Partnership, Centre for Energy Environment Resource Development, International Private Water Association and International Centre for Hydropower.

Renewable Energy World Asia continues to push the boundaries in conference content and once again offers a leading line up of conference speakers, from around the world, discussing important topics and issues that are key to the renewable and alternative energy industries across the ASEAN region.

Economic conditions in South East Asia are currently performing ahead of Europe and America, with economic growth continuing to grow, leading to growth in the demand for power in many countries in the region.

Thailand has some aggressive renewable energy plans, with the Ministry of Energy’s Renewable Energy Development Plan (REDP) aiming to increase the share of alternative energy mix from 7% to 20% (approx 5,600 MW) of energy demand by 2021.

These targets include wind energy to reach 800 MW by 2022 (currently less than 10 MW), Solar a target of 500 MW by 2022 (currently 50 MW), Biomass to be 3,700 MW by 2022 (currently 1,610 MW), Bio-gas a target of 120 MW by 2022 (currently 80 MW) and Waste to Energy generating 160 MW by 2022 (currently 13 MW).

Investment in renewable energy is a goal for replacing imported oil, currently 9% of energy use, and to increase energy security for the country and the Ministry of Energy has employed a number of schemes and incentives to encourage renewable energy development. These schemes include tax incentives, investment grants, Energy Soft Loans, Government co-investing schemes and the ‘Adder’ feed in premiums policy.

Renewable Energy World Asia, co-located with POWER-GEN Asia, will provide the platform for international power executives to meet under one roof and receive vital information frst hand. The event offers a unique forum to meet the region’s power needs by putting them face-to-face with key decision makers and provide the best possible opportunity to share ideas, meet new contacts and build business relationships.

In this Pre-Show Guide you will fnd the conference programme, correct at the time of printing, and all the relevant information you need to fully prepare and plan your visit to the show. To participate, simply complete and return the enclosed Registration Form, or register on-line at www.renewableenergyworld-asia.com.

We look forward to welcoming you to the IMPACT Exhibition & Convention Centre, Bangkok, Thailand from 3rd to 5th October, where you will fnd the best power networking opportunities available in Asia.

The Renewable Energy World Asia team

WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-ASIA.COM / PAGE 3

/ WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-ASIA.COM

WELCOME FROM THE MINISTER OF ENERGY

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Mr. Arak ChonlatanonMinister of EnergyThailand

WELCOME FROM THE GOVERNOR OF EGAT

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Mr. Sutat Patmasiriwat EGAT Governor


EXHIBITION OPENING HOURS

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

Tuesday 2nd October08:00 – 17:00 Technical Plant Tour

09:30 – 12:30 Pre-Conference Workshop

13:00 – 17:00 Registration Open

Wednesday 3rd October08:00 – 18:00 Registration Open

09:00 – 10:15 Opening Keynote Ceremony

10:15 – 10:30 Ribbon Cutting Ceremony

10:30 – 11:00 Networking Coffee Break

10:30 – 18:00 Exhibition Open

10:30 – 18:00 Press Room Open

11:00 – 12:30 Conference Session 1

12:30 – 14:00 Delegate Lunch




17:00 – 18:30 Opening Reception

Thursday 4th October08:00 – 18:00 Registration Open






12:30 – 14:00 Delegate Lunch




Friday 5th October08:00 – 16:00 Registration Open




10:30 – 11:00 Delegate Coffee Break


15:00 – 16:00 Closing Reception & Best Paper Awards

EXHIBITION OPENING HOURS

WEDNESDAY 3RD OCTOBER 10:30 – 18:00

THURSDAY 4TH OCTOBER 10:00 – 18:00

FRIDAY 5TH OCTOBER 10:00 – 16:00

ON-SITE REGISTRATION OPENING HOURS

TUESDAY 2ND OCTOBER 13:00 – 17:00

WEDNESDAY 3RD OCTOBER 08:00 – 18:00

THURSDAY 4TH OCTOBER 08:00 – 18:00

FRIDAY 5TH OCTOBER 08:00 – 16:00


SPONSORS

PennWell Corporation would like to thank the following sponsors, endorsers and supporters of the Renewable Energy World Asia 2012 conference and exhibitions:

Owned & Produced By:

Supporting Organisations:

Presented by

Asile Sign Sponsor:

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Department of AlternativeEnergy Development and Effciency

Supporting Organ

Offcial Online Media Partner: Match Making Meetings:

World ils

Tom Marler��$��$%#�� !�� "�$��$��

Virginia Willis��$��$%#�� !�� !�� %��"�$��$��


RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA CONFERENCE GRID

WEDNESDAY 3RD OCTOBER

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Developing Sustainable Policy Support for Renewables

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Case Studies in Renewable Energy Success Renewables as Least Cost Generation

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Solar Markets and Technology Financing Renewables

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Spotlight on Geothermal Developing Renewable Energy Projects

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Bioenergies in Asia Renewable Energy Challenges & Solutions

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Advances in Renewables Reaching out with Renewables: Rural Electrifcation

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PAGE 8 / WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-ASIA.COM


�� JOINT OPENING KEYNOTE SESSION

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TRACK 1 TRACK 2

Trends, Finance and PlanningEnvironmental Protection, Flexibility,

Fuels & Grid Technology

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Generation Portfolio Choices Gas Turbine Fuel Flexibility

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Managing Risks in the Power Sector Power Grid Technology

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IPP Market Focus Carbon Capture & Storage

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POWER-GEN Asia 2012 Summary Session

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JOINT OPENING KEYNOTE SESSION

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TRACK 3 TRACK 4

Power Generation & Plant Technologies Operation, Optimization & Servicing

Joint Plenary Panel Discussion - Strategy and Technology Trends for a Power Hungry Region

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Project Case Studies Steam Turbine Modernization

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HRSG Options, Installation and Operation Maintenance Strategies

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Waste-to-Energy & IGCC Boiler Modernization

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OEM Gas Turbine Technology Generator Life Cycle Technology

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Combined Cycle Power Plants Plant Upgrade & Optimization

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Combined Heat & Power Repairs & Inspection

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Biomass & Lignite Combustion Monitoring & Control

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Advances in Supercritical and USC Technology Gas Turbine Modernization

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Mr. Sutat PatmasiriwatGovernorElectricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)

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Mr. Arak ChonlatanonMinister Of Energy - Appointed 18 January 2012

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POWER-GEN ASIA AND RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA JOINT PLENARY PANEL DISCUSSION

Kenji UenishiPresidentGE Energy, Asia Pacifc

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WEDNESDAY 3RD OCTOBER – 11:00AM – 12:30PM

TITLE: STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS FOR A POWER HUNGRY REGION

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RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA CONFERENCE PROGRAMME


JOINT OPENING KEYNOTE SESSIONSession Chair: Nigel Blackaby, Conference Director, PennWell, United Kingdom

Keynote Speakers: !"#$��#�#��"�� "��#�#��#��#��#"�#��"��"�� "��"#��!��"��#�#�� !��#�#��"�� "��!#��#��# �"�

10:30 - 11:00 Networking Coffee Break

12:30 - 14:00

15:30 - 16:00

Delegate Lunch

Networking Coffee Break

09:00 - 10:30

11:00 - 12:30

14:00 - 15:30

SESSION 1: JOINT PLENARY PANEL DISCUSSION - STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS FOR A POWER HUNGRY REGIONSession Chair: Representative from CNBC Asia Pacifc

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SESSION 2 - ENERGY SECURITY - FOSSIL FUELS OR RENEWABLES? - PANEL DISCUSSION��%�� 1��1��1��0��0�1��2��1 -��0�� 0��0 ��1��1��2��0�� 0�%��0��1��1��(1�- Session Chair: David Appleyard, Conference Director, PennWell, UK

Keynote Speakers: )��2��0�� #�� .0��&��%��0 ��10��0��1��1�� "#10��0 ��1


Track 1 Track 2

16:00 - 17:30 SESSION 3 - RENEWABLE INTEGRATION AND THE GRID()*+��+��*+��+�)��*)��+��*�+��*��)�+ *)*��*+*)* ��+�*�*��*)�+��+��*+��+��+*��)�+� )��)+)�+�� )+�)� �� *+��+�� +��*+�)� *��)�+�*)*� ��)+��+ *)*��*+*)* ��+�*)* ��)+��+�)+� �� +��*+��+��+� ��*+��+��+�*��)+*�� *�+��*+��*�+)�+� *�*)��+��)��+

Session Chair: Narottam Aul, Business Development Director, KEMA, Australia

Operation Improving of 22 kV Distribution System with VSPP and AVR�� )+�** ��)�+��+�� *��+��)�

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SESSION 3 - DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE POLICY SUPPORT FOR RENEWABLES��+�)+�� *�+��*+$�+)�+��*+��* +*�* ��)�+� �*��+�)+��+��*+�*�+� ��* +�� + *)*��*+*)* ��+�*�*��*)�+��+*)* ��+)�+��*+��)�*+��+��+�*��)+��+��*+��+�)+��*��+��+�� *��*�+)�+��*+�*�+��+��*+)�+��)�*+�*�*��*)�

Session Chair: Robert McGregor, Partner, Actis, Singapore

Riding Policy Support to Alternative Energy Proliferation in the Imperial Valley, Lessons for the Global Community: Is Diffusion in Distribution Nodes of Electricity Generation Inherently More Secure?!**�+# ��*��+�)+"�*��+��*+$)��* ��+$)��*�+��*�

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17:00 - 18:30 Opening Reception - Sponsored by Pratt & Whitney (booth G18)

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09:00 - 10:30 SESSION 4 - CASE STUDIES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SUCCESS;<=>��<�=��<�� < ��< <�� =��<�� < ��= <� ��>�< ��<�<�=�<�<�<��<��><�<��<�� =��<�><< ��<�=�<��<=��<��=��=��=��<��=�><�<��<��=�>��=��>� ��<��<��= ��=��=��><�=��<�� <�=��=��<��< ��<��

Session Chair: Sridhar Samudrala, Director Asia, World Alliance for Decentralized Energy, United States

Real Returns on Investment for a Solar Plant in Thailand��=��<��<��=��<

Biomass Power Projects in Thailand ��<��<�� =�=�>

Financing Module for Dagachhu Hydroelectric Project in Bhutan ��=��!=��>��"#��;�$��=�

Dairy Farm - Bio Gas Digester for Electricity and Heat Process %<�&=��'=�=�=�(�&��>�"=��)=�� *�>�=

SESSION 4 - RENEWABLES AS LEAST COST GENERATION!��< ��=�>��=��<��=��<��<�� &��<�<�=�<�<�<�� <�<��= ��<��< �� &�=�>�<= �� <��<�<�=��=�=�� =��#<�<��<��=�� <��=�&<��<�<�=�<�<�<�� & �=�>��<�� <��>��+,--.�=��=��<��><�

Session Chair: Josef Ullmer, President Director, Andritz Hydro, Indonesia

Renewable Energy Makes Economic Sense ��<�=><��/!;��<��;�>� �=�=�>

Why Convert Coal to Biomass? Technical Solutions are Gaining Momentum ��=�< ��=�&<��"��<=� <��=

Vietnam’s Renewable Power Development in the next 20 years: Literature Review and Vulnerability Analysis ��#�=��0��<��*'�"1�0'��)�=��<

11:00 - 12:30 SESSION 5 - SOLAR MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGY!��<��= �� =��< ��< �=�=�=�<�� =�� =�� >< ��=��<�� =��<��><�<��<�� $<��<�� =��=��<� �=<�� < �� <��>��=�>��%� �=��>�< ��=��=��=�>��<��><�<��<��

Session Chair: Michael Vukelic, Solar Generation Manager, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Thailand

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Job Motor for Thailand – Case Study Solarlite��=��2��<�<��=��<��#��<��=��

Gaining Confdence in PV Module Performance through Laboratory Testing, Factory Audit and Forensic Analysis of In-Field Data ��0=��<��(��<�(��(=�"��=>� �=�=�>

Experience from Solar Power Project Development in Thailand �&=��=��=�=��<�� =�=�>

SESSION 5 - FINANCING RENEWABLES��<�<��><�<��<�� <3��<�=��<>��&�� >�4�=��< ��< �=�>��<�<�=�< ��<��>��<�<��=�>��<��=� ��<��=<��"<<�=�< �=��<�>�� < ��<=��4�=��<�=�>��<��=�� > �=�>��< �� =��>��<��=��<�� <��<�<�=�<�<�<��><�<��<��

Session Chair: %��<��<��(=�=�<��<��"<�<��<��'�� <� ��=��<

Can Financial Institutions and Investors Drive the Transformational Change towards Low-Carbon and Climate-Resilient Growth? 2=��<��5�2��&<�)�=�&��6�70��=��=��<��<��<��=��

$100 Billion Green Climate Fund and COP17 – Implications for Energy Companies �=�< �(��8��=��2��(<�5�0<��9<==�> �� : �=��;��>��=��2��(<�5�72 �=��"=��> ��=��2��(<�5�72 ��<�#<� ��=��2��(<�5�� =�=

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12:30 - 14:00 Delegate Lunch


Track 1 Track 2


14:00 - 15:30 SESSION 6 - SPOTLIGHT ON GEOTHERMAL2345�43��3��5��5�4��4��3�� 5�34��5��5 54��5��3�� 4��43��5��5��4��5�� 5�4��43�3�334�� 3��3�4�34��3�4��3��4�3��3��3�5�� 45��3�

Session Chair: Sean Purdie, Development Director, PB Power, Hong Kong

The Modernization of Aging Geothermal Plants: The Latest Generation of 20 MW Steam Turbines��45��5��2�35��45��5��

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SESSION 6 - DEVELOPING RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS&��4��4��4�5��5��4�34��3�4�� 4��4��43�3�334��3�� 4��5��3�533�33� ��43$3��4��4��5��5��!��5��3�5��5��5�� 5��4��53�� 3�4��3��

Session Chair: Alan Dale Gonzales, Executive Director, full advantage, Thailand

A Technical Review Hierarchy to Aid the Identifcation of Attractive Projects and Assist in Understanding, Quantifying and Mitigating their Associated Risks&5�4��23��"��"5��5��'5335��2�3��5�45 ��2��( "�5�5��5$��"��"5��5��'5335��2�3��5�45

Closing the Gap Between a Feasibility Study and Loan Signing in Hydro Projects – A Lenders’ Technical Advisor’s Perspective 2��)��!5�3��3�*�4�$��2�3��5�45

Solar EPC’s: The Good, The Bad, The Results +��*�5��#,��54�5��

16:00 - 17:30 SESSION 7 - BIOENERGIES IN ASIA,4�� 4��53��3��5��5�4�� 3��5��5 54��43��4��4��3�5��$��5�5��5��3��53��4��554�5��3��3��'�� 3�3��53��43$��5�5��5 ��5��3��5��3� ��5��5�5��

Session Chair: Arul Joe Mathias, Managing Director, Renewable Cogen Asia, India

Dedicated Forest Bio-Energy Plantations-��,�4��&��5�45��.�4��5��3

Biomass Power Generation in Asia: Risk Management Approaches *5�535�$5�4�+�43��5��/��5��2345��45 ��2��( 2��-��05��453��/��5��2345��45

Sustainable Global Biomass Fuel – Impacts for Asian Biomass Projects 2�53�54��*��$�3��4��54��+�4��0��)��1�5�5��

EFB Pellet Opportunities in South East Asia ��43�45��5��4 �5�"�� 5�4�3��05�5�345

SESSION 7 - RENEWABLE ENERGY CHALLENGES & SOLUTIONS&�3 4��4�3��3�5�5��5��3��5��43��3��5��4��5��53�� 2345��5�$��3��43�3�334��4�3�3��433��3�5��5��3��54��3��5�3�� 3��3�3��4��3��

Session Chair: Ka Keung Chan, CEO, Nature Elements Capital, China

Renewable Incentives Structural Framework - Experience of Renewable Certifcates, Utility Scale Net Metering, and Renewable Portfolio Standards in the State of Massachusetts05�$�0��45��&��.�4��5��3 ��5��( "��)��5��*/��"��5��/�3�5��5��3��4��4��.�4��5��3

Progress and Challenges for Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia 04$��3��4��53��$��3��4��345

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Track 1 Track 2

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FRIDAY 5TH OCTOBER

09:00 - 10:30 SESSION 8 - TOWARDS A WIND POWERED ASIA0123�11��2��2��2�� 1��2��12��2��31�� 2��1��2��2��2��2��2�1��3� ��11��2��2�� 2�� 2��2��2��1�� 2��2��31��2��

Session Chair: Seung Joo Choe, Head of Corporate R&D Institute, Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction, Korea (South)

Selection Bias and the Value of Certainty�� 2!��2�" #��$��2��!��%��&��

The Study of Energy Production of the Wind Turbine in Chaiyapoom, Mook Da Haan, and Chumporn Provinces of Thailand ��2��2�� &�&21�� 11�� 1�� 2!��2�" ��'��!� �&��&21�� 11�� 1�� (��2��)��!� �&��&21�� 11�� 1�� *�� &�� 1�!�)�� #2� ��%��2��212 ��2�3��1�� +��2��+��!� �&�&21�� 11�� 1��

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SESSION 8 - ANCILLARY MARKETS: THEIR ROLE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY�12� ��21��,��12��2��2��2�3��31�� 2�� 2�� 1��1�� ,��1��*�1�� 3�1�� 11��2��12��2��1��1��2��21��11��1��22�� 2��31�� 32�� 2��31��

Session Chair: Torsten Pedersen, Director, Sales NSEA , Vestas Asia Pacifc Wind Technology, Singapore

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Mr. Narottam Aul $��/0��0�#��/��

Dr. Palghat Balasankari��1/��0 ��

Mr. Martin Bjoerk!��0�� /�0��%0��!�� 0��

Mr. Seung Joo Choe!��0��(��%��00��)��0��0��0�#0��

Mr. Vince Choi!��0�� %�0*��/0��1/�� 0��0��0��!�� 0��

Mr. Somsak Chutanan �� 0�� )�!��0��+��/��

Mr. Alan Dale Gonzales��0�'�//�� /��

Mr. Francis Griffn��0��+��0��0��/��+�� #�� 0�

Prof. Dr. Giang Pham Hong��(��&��0��/��0��0��+�� )�"��0��/0��,(&�-+�.(��

RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA ADVISORY BOARD


11:00 - 12:30 SESSION 9 - ADVANCES IN RENEWABLES/012��0��0�� 12��0��1��12��2��0��12�� 1��2��0��20�2��1��1�12��11��10��12� ��20��0��0��1��12��012��1��12��0��10��1��2��0��12�0��0��10��0��0��1��1��2��0��20�2��2��1�� 1�

Session Chair: David Appleyard, Conference Director, PennWell International, United Kingdom

Performance analysis of foating photovoltaic systems on the water surface�� 1��10��12� �� 12��! � ��2��2�0� ��/�1��"��10��12� � �� #��#�� 0��$�0��01 �"��2�%��101�1��0��12� �� /�1��"��10��12� ��#�� 2��10��$�0��01 ��12� #�� 0��$�0��01 �"��2�%��101�1��0��12� �2�� /�� %��12�

Clean Power Production with Fuel Cells and Hydrogen from Biomass��/��&��'�� 1�� 12�! #�� (��1� �&��'�� 1��$�01��1�1��

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Session Chair: Somsak Chutanan, Managing Director In Fr Tech Engineering & Services, Thailand

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RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA 2012 ORGANISER CONTACTS

EXHIBITION AND SPONSORSHIP SALES:

Tom Marler1234��2�2�4�� 4��433��

Virginia Willis1234��2�2�4�� !��!�!2��4��433��

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JOINT OPENING RECEPTION

RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA / POWER-GEN ASIA 2012 OPENING RECEPTION - SPONSORED BY PRATT & WHITNEY BOOTH G18

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WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-ASIA.COM / PAGE 19WWW.RENEWABLEENERGYWORLD-ASIA.COM / PAGE 19

TECHNICAL PLANT TOUR

Technical Tour One – Wang Noi Power PlantOwner/Operator: Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)

Date: Tuesday 2nd October 2012

Meeting Point: Renewable Energy World Asia Registration Area, IMPACT Exhibition & Convention Centre

Meeting Time: 8am

Duration: All day

Cost: €95

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To book your tour place visit www.renewableenergyworld-asia.com or complete and return the Registration Form at the back of this programme.

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PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP

SPECIALIZED MARKETING, SALES & COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES TO THE GLOBAL POWER GENERATION MARKET Tuesday 2nd October 09:30 - 12:30

Conference Area, IMPACT Exhibition & Convention Centre

Instructor: Ravi Krishnan, Managing Director, Krishnan & Associates Inc.

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1. Targeted Database Marketing to the Power Industry

2. Advertising, Sales & Business Development Strategies

3. Direct Selling & Lead Generation

4. E Marketing Techniques

5. Building A Customer Intelligence System

6. Competitive Intelligence

7. Marketing Collateral

8. Internet Optimization & SEO

9. Media & Branding Strategies For Global Industry Recognition

10. Market Intelligence, Forecasts, & Market Research

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DO YOU WANT TO MAKE RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD ASIA 2012 THE MOST VALUABLE EVENT OF THE YEAR ?

Start planning with My Event Planner today !

HOW IT WORKS� +��+ ,��-+ ��+ ��+ ��+ �-��-+ ��+ ��-+ ��+ ��+ ��+ ��!+ ��-�+ ��+��-�+ ��+ ��!+�-��+ ��+ ��-��+ ��+ ��-��+ ��+ ��+ ��+ ��-��+ ��+ ,"#��$��+%�-��&��+ $��+ &�� + ��-+��-��- '+(��+��+��!+-��+��+��+�+ ��-+��-+-��+�-��+ ��-+��'+)��-+ ��+��-�+��-�+��+�-��!+�� +�-�+�� +��+��+��-��+��+�-�+��+��+ ��-+�-��+ ��-+��+��-+ ��+�+��+��+��'

Log on to the POWER-GEN DirectEventConnect exhibitor directory and start planning your event now! www.globalpowergen-community.com

For further information or questions please contact:

POWER-GEN Events

DirectEventConnect Team

Phone: +1 877 214 8364

Fax: +1 888 783 4305

E-mail: [email protected]


EXHIBITION FLOORPLAN��

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Conference and Exhibition3 - 5 October 2012IMPACT Exhibition & Convention Centre,Bankok, Thailand

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