pellaglazingsystems aia_ces
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Glazing Systems: Balancing Aesthetics, Performance & Cost
Compare today’s glass options to the ideal glass
Discuss trade-off between aesthetics & thermal performance
Advantages/Disadvantages of sealed insulating glass vs. dual glazing systems
Mount St. Helen’s Visitors CenterCastle Rock, WASRG Partnership
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Glazing Systems -Overview Architectural Trends Review of Heat Transfer
Mechanisms & Definitions
Glass Thermal
Performance Comparison of Insulating
glass and Dual glazing Specifications
Worthington High SchoolWorthington, OHNBBJ
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Top Interests in Glass Aesthetics Initial Cost/Life Cycle Cost Durability Fading Blockage Warranty Energy Performance Options Safety Resistance to Condensation
Long-term Care FacilityWashington, DCSmith, Hinchman & Grylls Associates, Inc.
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Architectural Trends Higher % of glass use in
building skin in conjunction w/ energy conscious design
High visible light transmission, Low infrared transmission
Low reflectance, clear appearance
Low-E coatings gain share– standard on all buildings in 5
years
– lower heating and cooling loads than an R19 wall
The Lansburg CondominiumsWashington, DCGraham Gund.
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Heat Transfer Heat flows through a window assembly in
three ways:– Conduction (heat traveling thru a solid material)– Convection (heat transfer by air movement)– Radiation (movement of heat energy thru space)
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Heat Transfer Heat flow measured in terms of:– Insulating value (U-value)– Heat Gain from solar radiation (Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient or Shading Coefficient)– Air Infiltration (cfm/sq ft)
Other Considerations– Visible Light– Comfort– Fading
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Heat Transfer Insulating value
(U-value & Emissivity)– Design conditions
15 mph, 70 F inside,
0 F outside– combination of conduction,
convection, & radiation– Measured in terms of
Btu/hr-sq. ft.-degree F– R-value = 1/U-value
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Heat Transfer Insulating value
(U-value)– center of
glass– edge of
glass– window sash
and frame
75.0° F @edge offrame
57.4° F @ center of glass
24.4° F @ edge of glass
-15° F +75° F
51.5° F @ edge ofsash
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Heat Transfer Heat Gain from solar radiation
Double -glazedwindow
Solar transmittance
Absorbedradiation
Inward flowingcomponentof absorbedradiation
Reflectedradiation
OUTDOORS INDOORS
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Heat Transfer Heat Gain from solar radiation– Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
that fraction of incident solar radiation that actually enters a building thru the window as heat gain
center-glass or total unit SHGC = SC x 0.87 (approximate)
– Shading Coefficient (SC) the ratio of solar heat gain thru the system relative to
that thru 1/8” clear glass at normal incidence center-glass only not recognized by NFRC
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Impact of Glass Performance
Minneapolis Case Study - NSP Energy Assets Program– Energy analysis as part of design process– more than 75 buildings since 1994– Energy consultant is The Weidt Group– Buildings use 30-35% less energy than a code-
compliant building (average of 32% savings)– Daylighting & specification of correct glass result
in 10-15% of the savings
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Glass Thermal Performance(center-glass values)
Sealed Insulating Glass Dual Glazing
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Glass Thermal Performance (center-glass values)
Ultra-Violet Transmission (Fading) Visible Transmission (Seeing) Infrared Transmission (Heat)– Near Infrared - Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
(Keeping Heat Out)– Far Infrared - U-Value and Emissivity (Keeping
Heat In)
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Ideal Glass Spectrum
0%
100%
0% 0%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Ultra-Violet Visible Near IR Far IR
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Clear InsulatingGlass UV Light is Transmitted Visible Light is Transmitted Near Infrared is Transmitted Far Infrared is Transmitted
(E=0.84)
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Solar Spectrum
0%
100%
0% 0%
56%
76%84%81%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Ultra-Violet
Visible Near IR Far IR
Ideal Glass
Clear Glass
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Tinted Gray Glass Ultra-violet Light is Absorbed Visible Light is Absorbed Near Infrared is Absorbed Far Infrared is Absorbed
(E=0.84)
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Solar Spectrum
0%
100%
0% 0%
21%
50%
84%
45%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Ultra-Violet
Visible Near IR Far IR
Ideal Glass
Gray Tint
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Reflective Gray Glass UV Light is Reflected Visible Light is Reflected Near Infrared is Reflected Far Infrared is Transmitted
(E=0.84)
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Solar Spectrum
0%
100%
0% 0%7%
34%
84%
18%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Ultra-Violet
Visible Near IR Far IR
Ideal Glass
Reflective Gray
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Low Emissivity Coatings UV Light is Reflected Visible Light is Transmitted Near Infrared is Reflected Far Infrared is Reflected (E=0.04)
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Solar Spectrum
0%
100%
0% 0%
16%
41%
4%
72%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Ultra-Violet
Visible Near IR Far IR
Ideal Glass
Clear LoE2 IG
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Clear / Low E Dual Glazed UV Light is Transmitted Visible Light is Transmitted Near Infrared is Transmitted Far Infrared is Reflected
(E=0.15)
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Solar Spectrum
0%
100%
0% 0%
45%
71%
15%
75%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Ultra-Violet
Visible Near IR Far IR
Ideal Glass
Clear LoE DG
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Low EmissivityCoatings
UV Light is Reflected Visible Light is Transmitted Near Infrared is Reflected Far Infrared is Reflected
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Solar Spectrum
0%
100%
0% 0%
11%
36%
4%
60%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Ultra-Violet
Visible Near IR Far IR
Ideal Glass
Clear LoE2 IG w/LoE DG
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Compare Thermal Performance
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Compare Center Glass U-value
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Compare Cost
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Comparison of Glazing Systems
Warm Edge Mechanical Seal for
Long Life Re-glazing Between Glass
Options Thermal Performance Cost
InsulatingGlass
DualGlazed
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Hamilton Lakes Itasca, IL Architect: Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill
Office Building - Insulating Glass
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Nestle Corporate Offices Solon, OHArchitect: Voinovich Architects, Inc
Office Building - Dual Glazed
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Dual Glazed Systems
Wood Frame Aluminum Frame
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Warm Edge
Double-seal Stainless Silicone Foam Wood Spacer Aluminum spacer at IG aluminum spacer Steel spacer spacer Wood spacer
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Warm Edge/Comfort
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Mechanical Seal for Long Life
+
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Residence Halls 12 dorms University of Wisconsin at Madison 6428 sash
Re-glazing
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Between-Glass Options Tilt-only blinds Muntins Pleated shades Raise-and-lower
blinds Provide lower
SHGC than room-side blinds
Extra insulating value by reducing convective loops w/in air space
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Compare Thermal Performance
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Compare Total Unit U-value
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Compare Dual Glazing with Blinds
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Compare Blind Options
Source: 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, Chapter 29 - Fenestration
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Comparison Summary
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Specifications 11/99 AIA Masterspec - Section 08550– Thermal transmittance per NFRC 100
insert appropriate whole-window U-value
– Solar Heat Gain Coefficient per NFRC 200 insert appropriate whole-window SHGC
– No other thermal performance values noted
– Masterspec IG warranty of [5] [10] [insert number] years
– Choose insulating glass or dual glazing (for venetian blinds)
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Specifications Specifying Glass Performance– Choose insulating glass or dual glazing
– Determine Center-glass or Whole-window Values
– Coordinate with Section 08800 - Glazing
– Maximize warranty on insulating glass
– Visible Light Transmission
– Ultra-violet Light Transmission or LBL Fading Damage Function
– Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Near Infrared)
– U-value (Far Infrared)
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Glazing Systems: Balancing Aesthetics, Performance & Cost
Compare today’s glass options to the ideal glass
Discuss trade-off between aesthetics & thermal performance
Advantages/Disadvantages of sealed insulating glass vs. dual glazing systems
Mount St. Helen’s Visitors CenterCastle Rock, WASRG Partnership