people’s republic of china
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People’s Republic of China. 2004-03-14. The 10 th National People’s Congress constitutional amendment “3 represents” theory private property right human rights. Outline. Center of party-state Party structure at the center Government structure at the center National People’s Congress - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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People’s Republic of China
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2004-03-14
• The 10th National People’s Congress
• constitutional amendment– “3 represents” theory– private property right– human rights
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Outline
• Center of party-state– Party structure at the center– Government structure at the center– National People’s Congress
• Local structure of party-state– Local people’s congresses– Local government– Local party organizations
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Ruling Party: CCP
• Chinese Communist Party– founded in Shanghai in 1921
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CCP’s Birthplace Today
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Communist party-state
• Organizational design of political system– borrowed from Leninist party-state of the FSU– principles of guardianship and hierarchy– Mao added the idea of the “mass line” in ’40s
• political reforms after the Maoist era– ideology became much less prominent and
coherent– do not add up to fundamental systematic
change
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Communist party-state
• guardianship– party represents the “historical best interests”
of the people– CCP’s “people’s democratic dictatorship”
allows no organized opposition to party leadership
• hierarchy of party organizations– “democratic centralism”: consult & implement
• Mao added the idea of the “mass line”
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V illa ge
T o w n sh ip
C o u n ty/D is trict
C it y
P ro v in ce
C e n ter
Party Structure
T o w n sh ip
C o u n ty/D is trict
C it y
P ro v in ce
C e n ter
Governm ent Structure
Village
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CCP General Secretary
• Jiang Zemin (1989 - 2002)
• Hu Jintao (2002 - )
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Politburo Standing Committee
• Each heads party work in one area– organization and personnel– propaganda and education– finance and economy– political and legal affairs– foreign affairs– etc.
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CCP Central Committee
• About 200 members (and 150 alternate)
• membership in CC reflects political power
• Central Committee departments:– Department of Organization– Department of Propaganda– Department of United Front– Department of International Liaison
• Central Committee elects Politburo
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CCP National Congress
• Meets every 5 years since 1970s– 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002– 16th National Party Congress– November 2002– 2154 delegates
• elects– Central Committee
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PRC Head of State
• President
• Jiang Zemin (1993-2003)– also then CCP General Secretary
• Hu Jintao (2003-2008)– also current CCP General Secretary
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Central Government
• Premier: Wen Jiabao (2003-2008)
• State Council
• 29 Ministries and Commissions– Ministry of Foreign Affairs– Ministry of National Defense– State Development & Reform Commission– People’s Bank of China– etc.
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Central Military Commission
• Commanders-in-chief of the People’s Liberation Army
• in both the central Party and government structures
• same composition
• Chair: Jiang Zemin
• 11 members
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National People’s Congress
• According to the constitution, the highest organization of state authority
• NPC Standing Committee– the permanent body of NPC exercises all but
the most formal powers of the NPC
• 8 Special Committees– legislative affairs, nationalities, agriculture &
rural, foreign affairs, etc.
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National People’s Congress
• NPC plenary sessions– meet annually in Beijing– for about 2 weeks
• the nearly 3,000 deputies are elected– for 5-year terms– by provincial-level people’s congresses
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Power Relationship
CCP Politburo
National PC State Council
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Local People’s Congresses
Eligible votersTownship
Eligible votersCounty
County or district PC’sCity
City PC’sProvince
Provincial PC’sNational
Elected byPeople’s Congresses
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Provincial level governments
• 22 Provinces
• 5 Autonomous
Regions
• 4 Municipalities
• 2 Special
Administrative
Regions
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Local governments of the P.R.C.
• Cities– 4 cities at the rank of provinces
• Beijing, Shanghai, ...
– 15 cities at the rank of “semi-provinces”– 265 cities at the rank of prefectures– 393 cities at the rank of counties
• 2,053 counties and 808 city districts
• Townships and (villages)
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Local Party Structure
• 3.5 million party committees, party general branches, and party branches
• provinces, cities, counties, townships, and villages
• enterprises– state-owned enterprises– less than 1% of private enterprises have party
organizations
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Replicated at lower levels
Local party committee
local people’s congress local government