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FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION

COVER SHEET

SUBJECT: EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION

SUBIECT'

CROSS REFERENCE S!

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1. - UNITED GOVERNMENT &#39;to 1 A. H. Belmon �f}&#39;9292&#39;92 }{ nun: July 16, 1§i5&#39;7

Q at/Q�/&#39;.&#39;Z&#39;ic: Mr..Belm0nt Nis-1nou : W. A. Brdsé Mr. Bran igan

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- and attended b§"&#39;twenty individuals, ly officials of ~the Veterans/Idrzinistration. b&#39;[ce

W ,, , Mr. Foos, resident of�ichmond, Va., isa high school ~" , graduate employed in a minor capacity� with the C�. and 0. Railway. ~

About two years ago he �became*~inteF&#39;ested-in axtra sensory perception-~ �~- a term probably technically inaccurate! and began experimenting with _members of his family. He claims to have achieved amazi successand in recent weeks has ceived a consiin th &#39;

can ___...___Tlmn i__.._Nana: _._..____Iinxcnond _._._

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e is holding r onsa o ly in an apparent ato create interest in his ability to teach the blind to see. Hehas appeared at Duke University where experiments have long beenconducted on the power of extra sensory perception, and various &#39;7§overnment agencies including the Veterans Administration} arevery much interested. 57¢

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Very Simply, Fbos claims the ability to teach the blind. to see; in six months to teach a person without eyes to see 92

sufficiently uell to drive an automobile safely. Bk disclaims anysupernatural power and, not being a scientist or physician, has notechnical or scientific explanation. .He merely states that aperson can do uhat he makes up his mind to do. H2 claims to havetaught not only members of his family but approximately 25 otherindividuals as mull, including persons completely blind, to seewith 100% efficiency.

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v. To illustrate his ability, his daughter, Margaret Foos . � about l6 - 17 years of age! was blindfolded by the observers�"w&#39;ith F&#39;-pads and an elastic band, thereafter reading, distinguishing color-j92an I �.3 &#39;d moving about the room with comple e ease. She could read _ , 92

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Belmont from Bran iganRe: E1>f.&#39;Z?2A SENSQRY PEEYCEPTI ON Y

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minute handwriting submitted b,y those in attendance, accuratelytrace the written material and in all unys function w� hout erroras with complete vision. In answer to a question

. l . aas to whether distance uns a factor, Foos stated erecent public exhibit Margaret had distinguished colored balloonsat a distance of 400 feet. In answer to another question as touizether motion would complicate the problem, Margaret played thechildhood game of jacks using a small l;~��" diameter! rubberball, deftly retrieving it regardless of angle of bounce.

.&#39;-Zr. Foos uas questioned -as to his ability to teacha person to read an article covered by a pad or to see througha wall. He at that time avoided a direct�a:nswe~r;�stating�-that-�-~~~�~~~~---because of the defense aspects of such a possibility he uas notat liberty to discuss it. Later, however, in private conversation, .he claimed that he had taught one of his students to accuratelyread an article completely obscured by heavy cardboard andthat teaching the ability to see beyond a solid masonry uzzllwas merely a matter of degree. He would pursue this matter nofurther. _

�inquired of Foos as to his generalmethod of teaching - whether individual tutoring uas essential.He stated that he had taught a group with equal facility. Hefurther stated that he had found it much easier and had hadgreater success in teaching the physically blind rather than thosewith ordinary vision. 57¢.

Should his claims be well-founded, there is no limitto the value which could accrue to the FBI - complete andundetectable access to mail, the diplomatic pouch; visual access tobuildings - the possibilities are unlimited insofar as law enforce-ment and counterintelligence are concerned.

&#39; As fantastic as this may appear, the actuality of extrasensory perception has long been recognized - though not to thedegree of perfection claimed by Mr. Foos. It is difficult tosee how the Bureau can afford to not inquire into this matter more

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Belmont from Bran igane. ECHZA SENSORY .PERL!ETTIaN

fully Bureau interest can be completelydzscreet and con rolled and no embarrassment would result

RECQIEMATION

e FBI make r her zn zryclazmed

each znd o see, earzng zn mm e remendouspotentzal to the FBI should those clazms prove well founded. Attachedfor approval Z8 a memorandum for Rzchmond Offzce wzth copzes for Mobzl .

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&#39; ."*���"""T < &#39;» 0_]7�;C6 Memamndum - UNITED sures GOVERNMENT

1°» = nmacwoa, FBI °"�� August 13, 1957

= sac, RICHMOND é¬-12§9! _A u

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7� -O INFORMATION CONCERNING �

Re Bulet July 22, 195]. . �r

The records in the library of the Richmond Time spatchand the Richmond News-Leader, newspapers R Virginia,were checked on August 9, 1957, by SA wh1¢h pg-flected an article by K. LEWIS WARREN, a 6 lined June 17, �957!,which related that MAHARET F008, a sixteen year old high schoolgirl, had demonstrated with her father, WILLIAM FOOS, of Ellerson,

irginia, methods by which WILLIAM FOOS hoped to teach the blindto read. Cotton pads had been placed over the eyes of MARGARETFOOS, secured by a black elastic blindfold, and in that conditionshe had, found and read passage from a magazine furnished by areporter and had read samples of handwriting as well as verses

-h from the Bible by request from the audience.r_&#39;.r- U _

The article further stated that WILLIAM F008 did not

be a psychologist or to have had even elementary know-the subject; however, he claimed to_.haye_,aread everythingon the subject of Extra Sensory Perception since starting 4&#39; his experiments some two years previous, p �L1;

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The article further stated that FOOS was a foremanin the salvage warehouse of the C. & O, Railway on leave ofabsence, that he started experimenting with the children whovisited his place in Hanover County, irginia, to fish and ridehis horses and later began working with friends. Further, thatEOOS had recentlé been to Duke Ugiggggitx where he had demon-strated for two aye e ore r. JOSEPH B. RHINE, an eminent &#39;authority on the subject and other members of the ParasychologyDepartment of the University.

The article then states that FOOS impressed the viewersd t t d that his main interestas being thorggghly sincere an s a e

in his project is to e p t e blind; however, he refused todivulge his methods of teaching, but believed he can teachother instructors in the field.

The article further set out that FOOS hoped to obtainP ti R r h Inc and listeda charter for Extra Sensor erce on esea c ., p

the backers and memsers of the organization as �E�HY CARAVATI,Richmond Public Relations Han, WILLIAM CANTOR, an auctioneer,and ROBERT CANTOR, a lawyer. Further, if the charter was grantedFOOS planned to recruit blind youngsters who would be willingto cooperate in the experiment.

The library contained another newspaper article, datelined June 22, �957!, to the effect that ESP Extra 3enscryPerception! Research, Inc., received a charter yesterday fromthe state Qorporation Commission and will undertake clinicaltraining for the blind. The officers and staff of the organi-

zation were set forth as follows:

WILLIAM A. F003, President and Director of ResearchHENRY L. CARAVATI, Vice-President _ .ROBERT A. LLOYD, Vice-President .SAM LOMBARDO, Vice-President &#39;ROBERT CANTOR, SecretaryWILLIAM CANTOR, TreasurerMARGARET FOOS, Research Assistant .

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The article further set forth that the staff was toleave Monday to conduct a series of demonstrations in Washingtonand New York and that a clinic would be opened when the staffreturned, . � _

One c of this communication is be furnished forcare

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u I6 Memorandum UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

= A H Belnont� PAT3 August 9, 1957Ti c 5:1 mont §�:;°s���

I� A Branigan Bram� an B.,,,.,.....,____

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Memo Branigan to Belmont

Re: EXTRA SENSORY PERCEPTION

. RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that this memorandum

1&#39; and attachments thereto be filed for possible future

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QQEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIOIIQFOIPA DELETED PAGE INFORMATION SHEET

Page s! withheld entirely at this location in the �le. One or more of the following statements, whereindicated, explain this deletion. �

Deleted under&#39;exemption s! , 57d _ with no segregablematerial available for release to you.

Information pertained only to a third party with no reference to you or the subject of your request.

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Information pertained only to a third party. Your name is listed in the title only.

Document s! originating with the following govemment agency ies!. was/were forwarded to them for direct response to you

Page s! referred for consultation to the following government agency ies!; __.____._.__.____._, _ as the information originated with them. You will

be advised of availability upon retum of the material to the FBI.

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&#39;@�iC6 Memorandum -» U._NITED sums GOVERNMENTI - &#39;

TO 2 HR. A. H. BELUON{J*! /.3 / 9A&#39;l&#39;I=8eptember 6, 1957. F y � � .

I &#39; 0 I 8 llL92L_H<>M = us. R. 12. ROACH I A &#39; Al

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EDD ie, not representing the Department of tgi�érjmy however.%�

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Lieu olonel John Do nie, Special Operations Branch,031, advised t a representative from his office and aresentative o e Army Intelligence Center at Fort Holabird,

%_and, had attended a demonstration given by Foos held on

this was made by SA Liaison ec ion, at the Office Q � of the Assistant__Ch _ , ,1 tel &#39; ce ACSI!, Department-&#39;1�-. -it 9 92

;;$ ugust 8, 195?, at the llarriot Motor Hotel, U. S. Highway #1,_Arlington, Virginia. Attached hereto is a copy of a memorandumY submitted by George C. Blackwell, the representative from Colonel- Downie&#39;s office attending this demonstration. As far as colonel

Downie knew, there was no representative from CIA at this demonstration,however, it was his understanding&#39;that on August 8, l95?, anotherdem nstration was given by Foos to individuals unknown to Colonel

A--;_; ;. Colonel Downie stated that Lieutena t Colonel Leroy C.�Hill-�," the representative from the Army Intelligence Center, is making

an evaluation of the demonstration; however, to date he has reachedno conclusion. According to Colonel Downie, when colonel Hillcompletes his evaluation he, Downie, will so advise the Bureau. _Colonel Downie further advised that his office has made inquiry fromothers who have attended different demonstrations put on by Foos .with the following results: Inquiry was made of representatives frothe President &#39;s committee on Employment of the Physically Eandicappewho attended one of Foes� demonstrations. It was determined that 1.5,Major General Melvin J. Haas, U. S. Marine corps retired!, Chairmanof this Committee, was of the opinion that the claims by Foos thathe could teach blind persons to perceive has not_.been proven""by hisdemonstration and until such time as Foos has taught persons knownto be blind to perceive objects, the President &#39;s committee will notsponsor, recommend or associate its f 12:2 Foos. . -

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.Uemo-Roach to Belmont RE: EXTRA SENSORY PERCEPZION. DEMONSTRATION BI MB. ITLLIAH F005�

;AUGUST 8, 1957 &#39; L,_, 1

According to representatives of the Blind VeteransAssociation, who had attended&#39;one of Foos&#39; demonstrations, the Ademonstrations did not reveal any extra sensory per eiptive powers:/�

� of Foos or any of his associates. Ihat Associatiodfdoes notcontemplate any action toward sponsoring Foos or his teachings.

Inquiry by Colonel powniefs ofjice at the VeteransAdministration reflects that the Veterans Administration, sinceFoos would not submit to scientific testings and since portionsof the demonstration conducted with blindfblds furnished by the

_h_~Vetenons.Administration~were-l00eper~cent.unsuocessjw1,.concludedthat the claims of Foos were without basis. The Veterans Administrationcontemplated no further action. Colonel Downie stated that theinformation from the Blind Veterans Association and from the VeteransAdministration was obtained on a very confidential basis. He, &#39;therefore, requested that the Bureau not disseminate this informationoutside qf the Bureau. Attached hereto also is a copy of amemorandum furnished by colonel Downie relative to pr. Henry K.Puharich, Round Table Ibundation, Glen Cove, Maine. IhileDr. Puharich&#39;s work is not exactly in the field of extra sensoryperception, Colonel Downie stated that the Army is interested indetermining the possibilities of his techniques.__. :

4 CTION:

For information.

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IIIIORAIIDW F03 THE RRCQJ:

$08-JlE&#39;h kt:-e Seneca-7 Pemeptiee Deennetretien

1. At 1500 hen:-e 8 August 1957 8/A eeenlpenied L8 Celaelnun to the lerriotllctor mm, 0. sf u|_.�,,92,L1....., W, teIitneee e duemtretien of Ext:-e Seneca-y Perception the denonn.

. _ retien neegiveninSuite5008 roene5<D$, 506$, 5007,lnd5006!endIeee0ndmte4byIr. Willie: hoe of Riclncnd, Virginie.2. In You explained thet, in Iebruery 1957, �he 1-nedvu-tently die-wvered e method of teaching others to seelthrough barriers end diltingzida

ehjeete boyund these be:-riere. He eiq�ainenl thet hie hope end intentionsIere to use thie diecowery in teech.:Lng the blind to eee through Extra Sen»-I017 Perception, and that in teeching his daughter, Kargez-Qt, hen to peneeive objects etc., beyuud phreicel bu-riere, he realised thet this knee-ledge end ebility had eerioue end dangerous implications ea bell ll P!92eti-dal value in lilite e.nd/_ :7 or Diplonetic eperetiune. for this reason, heexplained, he had limited the per-eeptory Pin�! of hie pupile.

3. Mr. Foo: had kergex-at eeeted at e card table and requeeted en eb-eerver to blipdfcld her. Tm� eoeta cotton pede! were pieced ever her eye;end held in place with e dark elastic band that fastened behind the head.8o blindfolded, He:&#39;g:.re&#39;; demaaetreted ability to need, die?-inguieh eolere,lncete vn-eee in the Bible, and tx-ece blndI:&#39;11�..�1.:x¢. All objecte reed, in-eedor identified were placed on the table. blerglret nee not eueeeeetul in1490?-Lfylng or reecii �ng e Trip Ticket held e;>pre.:d_m.tely 1.6-P above the 92-able�. w

L. A rem; men, epproximte age: 17 treted hie ability toidentity ESP end playing cards before S/A end one other 92lnidmti-tied obelrver. The demnetretien In he!. t

nae lame: �ie, identi-cal blindfold end cu-de pleeed on the table. This yum; nan wee appren-£,m@el,y 50,1 lueeesetnl in identifying ESP urde pieced {ace up an the �e-ble,which he wee LLIOIOG to feel and flex with hie heads. Hie euceeee in n&-ir1g¢lrdsh8ldlIpbcfOI�Qh1.lllIi1&#39;l¬1nglIA]fNIhllII&#39;IlI1 ttheblincktold wee very limited.

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6. Pereone preeent in the demenetretiee were ee tellaumllr. 5&#39;iJ.1.in lone, Riemann, 91:11:11, alleged 01&#39; eel!�-etyled decom-

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SUBJECT: Extra Sensory Porvoption Dcnoulxrn ion

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U.-argarat Foes, daughter and �pupil of zuu Pool, ~15: LE,Boy-ilnldentiiiwd $50 1? -~ .Girb-Unidentified. age .17 ,

ti A w a avonaorod or arranged by Hr. Daniel Cox Pnbry Jr"Daannstra on a ;3805 Blackthom, Chevy Chane, 2:1,, Conmltant, 081- and Vice President, hab-ington Industrial H.oe6a.1�¢_l&#39;l Consultants.

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l�lllll P08 THE REE:

swam. Pmuuuca, Ihnry 1.,� Dr.Round fable Ipmatin, 01¢: Con, um

1. Ch 3 September 1957. Dr. I. I. 800.17, Chint, Au-0 806.011 Diddn,A1: Force Office at Seiciati�a Ina:-ah, Tape &#39;1", 1.4% and Cnsstii-uttmAvenue B. I., Iuhingun, D. 6., In LMA:-virnd 1|: his office Oma�nhgSUBJECT and out-od in aub�-mu:

2. E1I:n1;eentu92I1thPl§!A.&I§Ins£ornbouttwdA;-uLnAngn:t1957inn he Sanly! am: Kr. Iillia J. J17», Protester; Doctrical mg£.n0¢:�Ln,;,lhivoraity of Illincil, �dd?-04 3I§.&#39;3CT in Glm _C0&#39;n, him. 81.3-J53�! FIJIA2Or0cnmnaionnua60uroutate t.Ga lnn Cave, nun, Ihtro uqnrinnhLnuntnltclapatrquadqrtie pbcnuau-mu-oporfomod. Trxiavortlndtxpuzs1.|nq&#39;t|.ti Ll. On can-10¢ on under am 01111.5 zation named the �Inn:->4 hblc Funds-Mun" which is a nan-pmfit and 8?-ah of Heine lietnsod &#39;urgsn5.u£$.on lit]:

92 the tollmdmg attics:-an

President: Iclter O. Plinl7100-President: Dr. Hen:-7 X. PmmucaSocrotarp-Troaaururx Joya Bohden Ba.I.c»k:o11c

. Fomnr Socnhrpfmumm-1 Alien Bounrio - dbcouod =

3. SIJBJECT direct: £2-on can to fourteen nployou Gunaistlng of Fwd:Huztoalhnmubomin�ulctbcrluxdl L!; oz-my Bcrutcin dwgnvh �nu id an0! B1-16.10 luytr; and of-ban who at an damatio hclp.

1.. Dr. San]; ma told by SUBJET that the Round Tabla Faun-dntia up-ontoon oontributicna uhich swamp from 21. to $60,000 per ya:-. 11:5 of tho Ocu-tributon and Bankers are Rfpnogqahtivo Bolton of Ohio and Hr. I. B. Bdk,dopu-unont mm owner tron Barth Carolina. &#39; "�

818-YHIT nan vu-Loan Qloctmnic o~qu.1.1:u.-�at and drug: in his 113:1:-mantato be dodiutsd ta the rtud; or time oeianu at trnnaniti-in; nua-ana pa-we to another through mental 9-olnput-27.

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% 6. lb. FUHLRICH padutodtfrou Iorthiwtem Uni�:-dty in 191.8 and and_h1n intcmahip at Poranntc Boap�-L1 nanhq-Q in Clliromh. SLBJECT arid _Ln the Amy 21011601. _ _}orp0"1n 1951-l.9!3Vlt tla Amy Chwniasl Cantu, ldgnacd, &#39;Karyllnd. " &#39; - &#39; - �

7. Zr. Bani; £041: that SL5-JI31"8 "cork 1: mrthidlu and that YUHLIQCIooulnblanegoodlnthiaficld 50m~aknonaoth1n d61&#39; ma-um»; oonocming 3@J&#39;E�l"3.POl1U.6L1 lulinp org�-gdilu�lfer� aha�

nzcmssrrmn BY 19- L!� £-* °"_:.1-/_éJ;$ I

~ O]7lC8 - UNITED s ~i??1�ES GOVERNMENT?.;"_.{=.-�.4.$¬&#39;-. i TO * MR. TOLSON I>A&#39;l&#39;I= September 6, 1957I-.��3*921I,~3 / / /I2. ;�Z�<2&#39;;&#39;;§.&#39;_l�_" 4 Tolson - » "_ r ,"~: _~~ r- r - chols "OM : 0 I &#39; , l-�- r� h � /� oardm§L�f§?-�3$"~15 . l I-J L! M H - /�elmo"¢";,�&#39;, Q Mohr/ v&#39; t Purse svnjncr: EXTRASENSOR _CEP&#39;I�lON Ho, Wronmnon concsnmnc 4 ,-J� T

a , - _ :_/ T�1 ~ ._..&#39; I-&#39; ~_ | Ned e._._.._ _&#39; - I -4-_ e. Room _¥7q:&#39;;" -&#39;~&#39;4" - &#39;

.~ William A_._:F__E_<_>o§ Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad employeeK¬£::��~m 7- -= Richmond, Vifgihfafilaims tohave special ability in the field of extrasensory�i

T @:.~&#39;._::.�- �* ;~_ perception. His demonstrations have been witnessed by two Special Agents of 92.:. F :2

,_ _ r ;__ 5 gthis Bureau in privacy at American Legion headquarters, Washington, D. C.~11--.:_�:4 -2 _ l ;.&#39; g";Foos has a 15-year-old daughter who, although blindfolded, can presumably read1: .. �I .___, s.

_"; =1 anything placed before her, She ghys cards, checkers, accurately describes -~ Q3 individuals, and does many other things to exhibit the power of extrasensoryI>=;<&#39;. 3 , ,._&#39;

-_; -. . perception as taught by her father. The Richmond Office has conducted a discreet= background check on Foos and has found that Foos is regarded as a well-respectedr. person. Foos is currently attempting toestablish a clinic for the blind in

t_ _ Richmond, Virgua.

y ; &#39; Other demonstrationsput on by Foos, reportedly before the � � Intelligence Division of the Army and the Central Intelligence Agency, have r &#39;

92 reflected that a 16-year-old boy has been trained to look through walls and1.: 5.-, " .- read newspapers. This yoimg&r also can reportedly read documents which92§%§"�""*"_� &#39; have been enclosed in a briefcase. Z; . 43s.!I2. &#39; .,4 -_ _2&#39;... . U.� .�

H accompany him to witness=;;- ~_ 1957.

.:~._.,_ §&#39; by Foos and his Motel in Washin n D. C."" � accompanied$"�_______ young Foos girl and=�*-.-�~-- i The youngster put on a rather amazing /5l""_&#39;,;;._&#39; � ;. | 5 performance of blindfolded, as indicated previously in this;, 3 memorandum. although suspecting that some trick was bein�T-1;-.;»." T l to see.£� � &#39; also attended the

~. .; was e an explanation for the girl&#39;s ability to le blindfolded. J/. y ._ , J793 -3% t 7, T- 173134 AV c-Mr. Belmo�f-Q&#39;O?~92� 3 5E-352° Sc? �£3 I957�

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Memorandum llr. Roach to llr. Belmont

RE: EXTRASENSORY PERC.E&#39;.P.TION

INFORMATION CONCERNING ,�___>=_.__. I-__&#39; &#39; "

Iith regard to the report th boy trained by Foosread material "through a brief case,� tated that this wasstrictly a rumor which has been circu ating around the Governmentand as for as he has been able to establish, there is no basiswhatsoever indicating that such an act took place. Foos has madethe claim that this could be done. He has also stated that a personcan read beyond a wall. Foos qualifies these statements with thedeclaration that in order to do this, additional trainiig is required

&#39;7¬L--9 is quite certain that Foos has not come up withany capabili y w ich could be of assistance to U. S. intelligence.Be� stated~that---CIA,":neve~rthe:Zass; "p"lans-to -;,�al.Zaw" any -cddit-ional

reports concerning Foos&#39; work. He stated that he would keep the

Liaison Agent advised regarding any significgnt developments.W LL. 7°"

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OFFICE OF DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

TO � V

OFFI CIAL INDICATED BELOW BY cm-:c1< MARK

Mr. Tolson ______________� v!ZMr. Mohr !Mr. Parsons >4/&#39;Mr. Belmont rl/M1�. Callahan ______.__________ !

_._ _-.. .-. 4- __...__.Mr. Malone . V !" ���&#39;�**&#39;_&#39;m&#39;_"_"&#39;�""-&#39;

Mr. McGuire ______.____�_____. 4,

ML _____§ > %�" "°&#39;��� -�___�;_�-I2� &#39;Mr T. rotter

Mr. W. C. Sullivan __¢_____.__ ! -&#39; �Mr. Ingram �&#39;=*Miss Gandy _____.._...______._

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See Me

Note and Returri -

Prepare ReplyFor Your Recommendation _____

What are the facts? ___i_____

Remarks:

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~ I &#39;* NCLOSURE &#39;

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ARTICLE Luv f&#39;1¢Er_v__ ;tg121_&f_.I0Q,1�?;92l<�§_-Ige,.¢_4;!¢aY5?.�l¢1-4;1_Yf&#39; -. ;_ &#39; , ; .-1--_i./�JwvE.14 1960,. &#39; ;-.;,5. ,_ .- &#39;*.-.1�

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92 0EX1l�f3� :.~@¢15/~�13?4. p£�7Q;%Z,r-.-! gThis memorandum is in response to the rector� inquiry

concerning a newspaper column relating to the use of mental telepathyby the Army Intelligence Service.

The "New York Journal American� on 6-14-60 carried a columnby Ruth Montgomery "Spying by Hind.-Reading!� in which she stated theArmy Intelligence Service was conducting research experiments inmental telepathy. She speculated that the ultimate achievement wouldbe to develop a method whereby U. S. spies could "receive" thoughtsof plotters in the Kremlin. The Director asked, "Is there anything

I� $0 th-i8? a. 0, <~&#39; ". , lg�, M7Lieutenant Colonel Lee Martin, Chief of Investigations,&P"" ssist Staff for Intelligence, U. S. Army, advised liaison

agent that the Army is conducting no such project as�desert e rticle. He did state that £52 U. S. Air Force hada contract in 1958 and 1959 with the Bureau of Social Science Research,Washington, D. G�. which did research in the many phases of mentalproblems raised by the Korean War, with particular emphasis on brain-

Iwashing. This research did incidentally include mental telepathy orextra sensory perception; however, the res�ults were inZo6uElusive.//&#39; [C/y v

Our Laboratory experts advised --�that informed scientific~ opinion at the present time is that there is no basis in science forI the validity of extra sensory perception as described in this article.

It is true, of course, there are some areas and activities of the humanmind which have not been explored or completely understood. In recentyears serious scientific study has been undertaken by psychologists forthe purpose of explaining these little-understood functions of the mind.

""1"""&#39;"*-"�"In Z1957"one7illiam&#39;lTo0s;*&#39;Ric&#39;hmond,��Virg&#39;inia,""claimedthathe could teach bl ind persons to see through the use of extra sensoryperception. He claimed he could teach_people tzread a paper which was

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&#39;Wasnmomn: &#39;1�he&#39;Army Intelli-gence Service is beginning to

delve into an unknown reach oi the�mind which -should it eventually�prove successful--could_ make spyingthe least hazardous branch of defense. _

telligence agents are Qtkw Vn � �-

A number oi top in- _,; ,,~__ &#39;»w92�conductln research -- ,4 ~

� ~.", l�experiments in men-1&1 telepathy.-a 1w=1- y. ,nating �phase oi� extra -.;¢;§ &#39;;�j_~__.sensory perception. _" .-.»&#39;~¢"&#39;* .-

The proiectreceives eexpert guidance within .the department, butmany. oi� the oiiicers 3-_-;-s � � "-1ave become so iascih -

nated by the possibili-ties "that they have 3-lowrammnyformed groups, outside of oiiice hours,to try reading each other&#39;s minds.

Some "oi the experiments to datehave proved -enormously successful,with the average oi correct responsestar surpassing that which .could beachieved by hit-and-miss guessing.

The Intelligence Service hopes todevelop enough "sensitive" agents, andto perfect their technique _to such anextent that they could actually pick upthought waves emanating from theCold War �enemy� camp. - -. .

The ultimate achievement would beto develop a method whereby Americanspies could actually �receive� thethoughts oi Soviet plotters meeting inthe inner reaches or the Kremlin.

The 20th,Century has witnessed suchiantastic advances in other realms oiscience that this project may not.beas wild as it seems at first glance. "

How many in the 19th Century be-lieved that man could �y, not onlyabove, the clouds, but at a speed ex-ceeding that ot sound? _ _»

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- Who at the turn of the �centurythoughtthat by turning a dial in his.�living room, he could hear a sym-&#39;phony concert ln New York, or a news_cornmentator.speaking&#39;!rom Tokyo? ~ 1

Only 20 years ago, would you havebelieved it possible to sprawl on-your.own couch, while watching a ball gamein St. Louis, or a political conventionin Los Angeles? For that matter, did,you think man could send a monkeyint» orbit around the earth or moon?

This age is surely the most iasci--natlng that the world has ever known,but perhaps the most neglected phase"of science is the probing oi the sub-.conscious mind, and the possibilitiesoi thought transmission. &#39; -

Military intelligence tor some timehas been delving into the possible utili-"zation oi hypnosis in spying. -Thiscorrespondent reported several yearsago that intelligence agents were beingsent on delicate missions; then broughtback and queried in the normal man-_ner about what they had observed. * .-

A Afterwards, they were hypnotized,and while in trance were again� ques-tioned about the layout oi the -roomthey had been assigned to visit. Underthis condition they were able �to sup-ply every detail, even down to �thenumber oi� slats in the venetian blinds.- The drive to- develop, other -tech-

niques iorespionage has been height-ened, since the U-2 incident. _ � _ =_~, Think what a joke it would be-on

Nikita it, as aresult of his tantrums,America was spurred todevelop a newand fool-prooi technique for espionage.It would be -pleasant to think that

-U. S. spies seated comfortably in Wash-7ington could pick up the dastardly plotsthat Communist big-wigs were hatch-&#39;ing behind locked doors in the Kremlin.

At least we can dream, can&#39;t we?

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Director has commented about studies in extrasensoryperception at Duke University. Experimental work in Parapsychology -Laboratory there reported since 1934. ,Research has covered "supernormalfaculties" not recognized by mdern psychological and physiologicalmethods. Various forms "supernormal cognition," telepathy, clairvoyanceand precognition have been investigated using special ESP card*decks.Experiments devised for purpose eliminating pure chance as causative

�factor of evidence_supporting ESP. wScientists_generallY_critical of &#39;evidence and methods. Belief in ESP has gained little acceptanceltamong psychologists and fails test of common experience. _59J2Z4LDETAILS!

The Director has noted, "I have been told that at DukeUniversity some work is being done in the field of extrasensoryperception," on a memorandum resp0nding to his inquiry about thearticle "Spying by Mind Reading," THE NEW YORK JOURNAL AMERICAN,dated June 14, 1960. . � �

Studies on extrasensory perception, often referred to as ESP,have been de at Duke Unive y, Durham, North Carolina, since 1934.

[ of the Parapsychology Laboratory,, reported considerable experimental work in the field

of psychical research. His experiments give the impression ofpsychological sophistication but have received continuous and severeH criticism in learned circles since publication. b&#39;]Q/

Psychical research in parapsychology encompasses the Pexperimental study of "supernormal faculties," real or supposed of humanpersonality, supernormal being an equivalent for "not recognized bygeneral scientific opinion." The function of this research is to collectand weigh all available evidence for and against such faculties, eitherfor acceptance by general scientific opinion, or rejection. ,< I

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The theory supporting this investigation is completelyopposed to results of research in experimental psychology which hasnot revealed other sensory mechanisms than those described in modern

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Memorandum to Mr. Tolson from 1.. B. NicholsRe: Extrasensory Perception, Information Concerning � , :.-.-= ,

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92

Numerous estions were asked of Mr. Foos following thedemonstration m s most blunt in his questioning in attemptsto find out if there were any gimmicks" involved. Mr. Foos was quiteevasive in his answers and refused to discuss his methods of instruction. Healso refused to allow a demonstration of the young boy reading documentsenclosed in a briefcase or reading through the walls orf a room. He claimed,however, that this could be done and that he would be willing tohave this actperformed at a later date. Mr. Foos spoke continually of learning the principles

I of extrasensory perception through constant reading-of-the -Bible".--~He clai1ned;""-however, to be an atheist in his beliefs. Mr. Foos has appeared before medicalofficials at Duke University, the Veterans Administration, Washington, D.C. ,various medical associations in New York City, and before various groips inRichmond, Virgiia. He has never charged admission. He is, however,according to his own explanation, attempting to initiate interest so that fundswill be subscribed for a clinic for the blind in Richmond, Virginia, which hehopes to head. . &#39; B7 &

demonstration, requesteda statement indicati.ng that his

daughter This invitation was refused forobvious reasons. Mr. Foos did not know at the time that� was employedbythe FBI. 57¢,

Foos may, of course, be attempting to commercialize on a "faketrick" he and his daughter and the young boy have perfected. On the other hand,there is a possibility that Foos does have extrasensory perception abilities. This,of course, is something we cannot afford to overlook in our work but we shouldnot, however, �under any circumstances allow*Foos"the&#39; privilege of indicating "tooutsiders the FBI is interested in his work. He should be given no opportrmity touse the FBI in any marmer which would further his own interests. It is believedadvisable, however, to have checks made with CIA and the Intelligence Division ofthe Army to determine what reaction those agencies had after witnessing the cdemonstration as put on by Foos, his daughter, and the young boy traveling with them.

that

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s indicated above, the Domestic Intelligence Division, Liaison Section,should attempt obtain further information from the CIA relative to this

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Reference is made to a memorandum Mr. Nichols to §;:m_-,llr. Tolson dated September 6, 1957, concerning William� A. Foos l le. om:who has claimed to have a special ability in the"�j�ield of e.1:tra- P� 4&#39;"--4sensory perception. The Liaison Agent has been in contact with -the Central Intelligence Agency CIA!.;for the purpose of obtainin /t t.agencyls comments or observations concerning demonstrations which My

/_has given in the Washington, D. C&#39;.,i area. .. _ I /~ �

� On Se tember 1s 195&#39;? � 0 01,4 advised A entlP : J f QP that he had been designated by his agency to coordinate allormation developed concerning Foes� demo tions and to follow A.any reported developments of significance. tated that as far &#39;

as his agency is concerned Foos has not come 1 any new or revolu-ltionary development and his claims to certain performances in the fieldof ezctrasensory perception de iiinitely have not been supported-by fact

or evidence. According to Foos has used his daughter in Ademonstra &#39; her ability to rtain amount of reading while blind-folded. �stated that Foos has insisted on using a particular typeof blind o which raises a question regarding the possibility that &#39;_Foos is using nothing more than a trick b cleverly permitting his 5daughter to see by �pinpoint vision." �is of the opinion thatFoos is using a blindfold material whic permi s his daughter to have�u consider le area of vision through a tiny aperture in the blindfoldcloth. �stated that it was interesting to note that Foos has ,refused o permit anybody to place any kind of a shield between his ~daughter&#39;s eyes and the document being read. He further stated that Wthe daughter is able to readto certain extent while the blindfold is onher eyes but when the same materi.al is laced d» w e t,she is un ble t re d anythin . �L 1£cLAsS1F1fI~§>cie1pQ¢p3,Nm¥&@ I997} , 01» I H � ,¢lZ U/I;

According 0- he has conducted so e researc hi� field?and stated that with proper training a person can have a large figeld of <95vision looking through a small hole or even along t sides of a blind- /fold or disks which might be placed over the eyes. �also remarked

l &#39; t h b&#39;l �t f tr n others� in thethat although _z_>a_ c aims 0 ave an a i i y 0 a gfield of e:::trasen&#39;éory perception e himsel i u le t do any o thethings which his roteges can do�: 3�! 63 . _ @§,lW7,gqm§ s i ,r. Nichols QEcQR[!E[!.16~&#39;* =.~ � -" ~ - -" I *

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lemorandum to Ir. Tanm

Re:- EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION63-4036

�twoipercent responses expressing an opinion that ESP is an establishedfaet, and seven per cent that it is a likely possibility. Ninety-one

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t answered that ESP is a remote possibility, impossible or an. However, the most valid objection against belief in ESP powers_oommon experience_does not produce evidence for telepathy,

clairvoyance and precognition. For example, stock investments shouldprove most profitable ventures for anyone gifted with these so-called

powers.

ACTION:

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.Hemorandum Belmont to ParsonsRe: "S.PY.UVG BY MILE-READDVG! "

&#39;ARTIULE&#39; IN "DEW YORK JOURAEIIL A!lE&#39;R.1"6&#39;A1V" , » ~» A -; �JCUE 14, 1960 &#39; "&#39;

l /A"covered or to see through a wall. Recognizing the value of hactivity to our counterespionage work, we thoroughly checked the claimand had to conclude that his alleged powers had no scientific basis.Other Government agencies such as Veterans Administration, UentralIntelligence Agency and Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence alsochecked on Fons and were highly skeptical of his work.

K _ 4A CTION:

For informat ion.

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Byldetter to Director 9-2&#39;7-60, attached, Edwin D. Krell, midwestin t d lcorrespondent fo ell Publishing §gm_pa__1_11,, advised he is plann g 0 o an artic e

concerning parapsyc 0 ogy in criminal investigation. He noted that much hasappeared in newspapers on this topic inrecent months, but in checking into the .situation he foimd no evidence to support the contention that mediums have aidedpolice in solving crimes. Krell feels the public is entitled to this information andrequested a statement from the Director on this matter� for use in the article.

- Krell mentioned Gerard Croiset, 1a Dutch medium, who reportedlyrelated what happened to Judge Joseph Crater, who vanished in New York in 1930.Krell also made reference to Peter H1:-kos, also from Holland, who in J921l1¬ ,1960, made headlines while working on the Carroll Jackson family murder case.Krell noted that Hurkos&#39; work led to the arrest of a suspect John Atwell Tarmon!who was later released when the actual killer Melvin Davis Rees, Jr. 4! wascaught by the FBI. � ° &#39; Q �pg-_. �&#39;1 &#39;

1,.

In conducting research in this matter, Krell advised he contacted aDr. F. Brink, Dutch police official and attorney, who sent Krell an a.rticle�hehad written in which he stated: "Neither in the Netherlands, nor in any othercountry, is it possible to obtain reliable information which would justify theconclusion that the judiciary authorities and the police derive any bene�t from theintimations of clairvoyants.� Dr. Brink also quoted a letter from Scotland Yard:/&#39;"So far as the London Police are concerned, we completely ignore anything put Lforward by clairvoyants in the course of criminalinvestigation."

mroamvriou m � I 3 _Q; § ggzf ,3 ~We haveliad cordial t�liltion� with Dell Publishing Company since

the 1930&#39;s, and they have carried numerous favorable stories relating to the work ofthe FBI. Dell publishes well-known fashion,--beauty, detective and juvenile magazineWe have enjoyed favorable relations with Krell and he has written some excellentarticles about Bureau cases based upon inaterial furnished to him. His articlesappear in the Dell publications, "Inside Detective" �and ."Front Page Detective."#594-ls-4-2282,»;-l=°_ 7, , D " -~ ~ - »- =- ,.""� ""&#39;

nc osure1_ Miss Gandy i 0 17 OCT 141960&#39; b -7"� <*�f�mh�a!� X I� _ _-� t C�Z~X92Y92/�

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Jones to DeLoach Memo �

Re: Statement by Director Concerhing AExtrasensory Perception &#39;

There is no information in Bu�les concerning Gerard Croiset,reportedly a Dutch medium. Bu�les re�ect that in April, 1952, Captain &#39;Filippus Brink, an attorney and member of the de Bilt, Holland, police force,toured the Bureau in connection with a visit to the United States to study lawenforcement methods in this country. There is no derogatory information inlBu�les concerning Brink. ~

Bu�les re�ect that Peter Hurkos, whose true name is PeterCornelius Van Der Hurk, was born 5- 21-ll, in Dordrecht, Netherlands. He isaliged to have extrasensory perception and it has been claimed in many news andmagazine articles that he has assisted police departments in many countries insolving crimes as a result of his ability. Bu�les contain no information to sub-

� stantiateany of the claims made by Hurkos concerning the solution of crimes.On 5-25-60, Dr. Francis Regis Riesenman, psychiatrist on the sta�

at St. Elizabeth&#39;s Hospital, Washington, D. C. , advised the Virginia State Police VSP! that he planned to bring Hurkos to Virginia and Maryland to observe the siteswhere the bodies of the Jackson iamily were found. He requested that the VSP allowHurkos the opportimity of examining the clothing and other physical evidence in thecase. VSP felt ihq would be subjected to public criticism whether they agreed ordeclined to participate and �nally decided to allow Hurkos to examine the material.

�The Director noted: "I am amazed that the VSP would participate in any suchcircus. "

Riesenman and Hurkos contacted the VSP on 6-7-60, and spent abouta week working nn the Jackson case, as a result of which the Director commented:l � We should be sure Hurkos isn&#39;t injected in any case in which we have jurisdiction.He is acomplete fraud,"_ _._i..:_. _ - - � - -� as 1 " "

�.3

The 6-9-80, issue of "The Washington Daily News" carried an articleentitled "Telepathist Says He Can �See� Killer" which related that Hurkos stated heknew what the murders looked like and hoped "soon" to turn over to policeiniormation that would solve the case. Mr. Tolson commented: "This screwball isconnected with the great Interpol." -The Director noted: "Just how silly can one get. "�0-27510-8174!

The 6--14- 80, issue of the "New York Journal American" had anarti 1 titl d"Spy�ing Hind-Reading?" hi h dealt with ri t th ArIntefliégnlce Seervice in bgntal tele ath and Zxtgasensory ere<?§etio!g.en&#39;I§h2yDigect$yatzuired: "Is there to thisg" Cur Laborato loolged ingo the matter andermined there is no has s in science for the of extrasensory perception asdescribed in the article.

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Jones to DeLoach Memo 1.Re: Statement by Director Concerning I

Extrasensory perception = &#39;

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&#39; The Director noted: "I have been told that at Duke University some

work is being done in the �eld of extrasensory perception." The Laboratorydetermined that Duke has been conducting experiments involving extrasensoryperception since 1934, and that their research covered "supernormal faculties"not recognized by modern psychological and physiological methods. Further,that scientists generally are critical of the evidence and methods, and the beliefin extrasensory perception has gained little acceptance among psychologists,and fails the test of common experience. �3-4036-10!lRECOMMENDATION: 92 I

That the attached letter by the Director be sent to Krell, enclosingthe Director� s statement concerning extrasensory perception in the solution of

criminal cases.

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Memorandum to Ir. Tamm

Re: EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION63-4036 .

The principal lines of investigation in parapsychology aredirected for the most part in studying_£supernormal cognition," thatis knowledge shown by a "percipient"¢ receiver! of matter concerningwhich he has no natural means of knowing. These include suchdebatable phenomenon as: telepathy, supernormal knowledge derivedfrom anothers mind; clairvoyance, all manifestations of supernormalknowledge, not in the mind of another person, without the intermediaryof sensory information; and, precognition, supernormal knowledge offuture events that can neither be percieved sensorily, inferredrationally or brought about deliberately. Because these modes ofperception arise spontaneously from life experiences of certain personsonly, the elimination of fraud, collusion and other sources of error "are uncontrolled and uncontrollable. The devising of objectiveexperimental techniques to establish reality of these mental phenomenapresents difficulties not met in accepted psychological research.

Laboratory experiments have been made as follqws:

Clairvoyance Tests: A special ESP card deck of five cardseach of five different symbols is used cross, circle, star, wavy linesand a square!. The probability for correct guesses of cards is fivein twenty-five. If subject consistently averages above one in five,results are not explainable by mere chance. ,

�! Open latching Test: One ESP card of each symbol placedface up in a row. Complete ESP deck is shuffled. Before top card isdealt, subject decides which symbol matches symbol on top card of deck.Top card is then dealt and placed below guessed symbol, and so on throughthe deck.

�! Blind latching Testz. Like above except five key cardsare face down during test. »

�! Single Card Calling Test: Subject guesses symbol on topcard of shuffled ESP pack, and so on through the deck. _

C �! Pack Calling Test: Subject makes twenty-five consecutivecalls, directed at a shuffled but unbroken ESP deck.

Success at these tests that is, consistent averages above onein five, allegedly�demonstrates capacity of subject to have supernormalknowledge concerning the ESP symbols in a shuffled deck.�

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Re: EXTRASENSORY PERCEPTION

63-4036 _

, Telepathy Tests: » T� _

�! Pure Telepathic Method: No cards used. Subjectholds a random choice ESP symbol in mind. Recipient attempts to readsender&#39;s thoughts.

�! General ESP Test: Sender shuffles and cuts ESP deck.Concentrates on.face of successive cards while receiver attempts toread sender&#39;s mind, and so on through the deck.

�! Distant Telepathy Test: Above tests conducted atdistances of several rooms or miles.

Precognition Tests: Subject makes guesses with�intention tohave them correspond to order of ESP deck after it is shuffled byexperiments. Also subject may decide beforehand which face of a dieor combination of dice faces he desires to appear in successive casts.

The scientific criticism of ESP experiments emphasizes severalfactors which have led to considerable false evidence for extra chance

scores using the above methods:

�! Possibility of unconscious and other sensory cues. T

�! Choices made are dictated by mental habits of subjectsand not by random chance.

�! Errors due to suggestibility of experimenter in recordingresults of guesses. &#39;-

�! Criticism of statistical methods; although it isgenerally agreed that the statistical methods properly applied are valid

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O _EXTRA SENSORY PERCEPTIOI ,INFORMATION CONCERNING

Re Bulet to Richmond 7/22/57 in céptioned matter

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