perceptions of government accountability in pakistan...corruption 4.5 6.0 lack of judicial...

9II: Thematic FindingsSource: WJP General Population Poll 2013, 2014, 2016 & 2017

50%40%30%20%

Percentage that believes the government o�cer would be prosecuted and punished.

Afghanistan21%

Pakistan21%

Nepal26%

Bangladesh45%

Sri Lanka31%

Perceptions in South Asia

India19%

10%

24%29%

47%

41%

48%

10%

Peshawar

38%

47%

15%

Perceptions in Urban Centers

33%

46%

21%

Karachi

36%

42%

22%

Faisalabad

Quetta

Lahore

The government o�cer isprosecuted and punished

An investigation is opened but never reaches a conclusion

The accusation is ignoredby the authorities

33%21% 46%

25% 50% 75% 100%

21%2013

20%2014

26%

2017

2016

Perceptions in Pakistan

17%

27%

18%

62%

53%

56%

Most likely outcome if a high-ranking government o�cer is caught embezzling public funds.

Perceptions of Government Accountability in Pakistan


25% 50% 75% 100%

35% 65%

40% 60%

47% 53%

32% 68%

2013

2014

2016

2017

Judges &Magistrates

68% 32%

51% 49%

58% 42%

61% 39%

2013

2014

2016

2017

National GovernmentO�cers

69% 31%

56% 44%

65% 35%

49% 51%

Members ofParliament

2013

2014

2016

2017

74% 26%

57% 43%

65% 35%

60% 40%

Local GovernmentO�cers

2013

2014

2016

2017

88% 12%

86% 14%

82% 18%

73% 27%

The Police

2013

2014

2016

2017

All / Most Some / NonePerceptions about the number of authorities involved in corrupt practices in Pakistan.

Corruption AcrossInstitutions in Pakistan


Bribery Victimization in South Asia

Afghanistan35%

50%22%

Pakistan60%

25%10%

Bangladesh65%

31%20%

Nepal10%

17%0%

India69%

65%44%

Sri Lanka18%

29%8%

0% 40% 80%

POLICE

43%PERMIT

36%HOSPITAL

17%South AsiaAverages

100%

20%

40%

80%

60%

10% Hospital

Bribery Victimization in Pakistan over Time

2013 2014 201720160%

73%

45%

78%

25% Permit

85%

70%74%

60% Police

19% 15%

25%

Percentage of people who have had to pay a bribe to request a government permit, to receive medical attention at a public hospital, or to a police o�cer.

Bribery Victimization in Pakistan

Source: WJP General Population Poll 2013, 2014, 2016 & 2017

Fundamental FreedomsCitizens’ views on political, media, and religious freedoms in Pakistan.

2013 2014 20172016

80%

90%

70%

60%

50%

Average of Fundamental Freedoms Over Time

81%

67%

59%

59%

74%

87% Religious

78%

60%

70%62%

66% Media64% Political

100%20% 40% 60% 80%

64%Average

87%Average

87%

ReligiousPercentage of citizens who agree that...

Religious minorities can observe their holy days

Average

69%

66%Media

Percentage of citizens who agree that...

Media can express opinions against the government

Media can expose cases of corruption

64%

62%

69%

63%

66%

62%

61%

People can express opinions against the government

Civil society organizations can expressopinions against the government

Political parties can express opinions against the government

People can organize around an issue or petition

People can attend community meetings

People can join any political organization

Percentage of citizens who agree that...

Political

Breakdown of Fundamental Freedoms Questions

12II: Thematic Findings


2013 2014 20172016

15% Armed Robbery

7% Burglary

2% Murder

16%

21%

16%

9%

6%5%

20%

10%

0%

Average Crime Rates Over Time

17%

11%

4%

Karachi8%

3%25%

Quetta6%

3%2%

Faisalabad3%

2%3%

Lahore4%

1%5%

Peshawar12%

3%1%

0% 20%10% 30%

BURGLARY

7%MURDER

2%ARMED ROBBERY15%

AveragesCrime Victimization by City

Percentage of households that have been victims of burglary, armed robbery, or murder in the last three years.

Crime Victimization in Pakistan


1 Scores for problems of the criminal investigative services represent average responses from Pakistani criminal justice experts surveyed for the WJP Rule of Law Index 2017-2018.Perceptions data are from the WJP General Population Poll 2013, 2014, 2016 & 2017.

% Responding Most & All

Pakistanis' perceptions about the number of police o�cers involved in corrupt practices

Corruption

Police Respect Basic Rights of Suspects

Police are Punishedfor Violating the Law

19%

22%

34%

30%

Police ActAccording to Law

14%13%

18%

23%

21%

31%

28%

32%

% Responding Always & OftenPakistanis’ perceptions of police performance

Accountability

Perceptions of the Police

2013 2014 201720162013 2014 20172016

40%

25%

10%

90%

80%

70%

88%

86%

82%

73%

Not Serious Very Serious1 5 10

8.0

Corrupt Prosecutors

7.8

Corrupt Investigators

7.5

Inadequate Resources

7.3

Incompetent Investigators

7.8

Inadequate WitnessProtection

7.5

De�cient Mechanisms to Obtain Evidence

7.0

Lack of Prosecutorial Independence

6.3Lack of Proactive Investigation Methods

Problems faced by investigative services in Pakistan rated on a scale of 1 to 10 1

Problems of the Criminal Investigative Services

Criminal Justice in Pakistan

14


2 Scores for problems of the criminal courts represent average responses from Pakistani criminal justice experts surveyed for the WJP Rule of Law Index 2017-2018.Perceptions data are from the WJP General Population Poll 2013, 2014, 2016 & 2017.

% Responding Most & All

Pakistanis' perceptions about the number of judges &magistrates involved in corrupt practices

Corruption

35%

40%

32%

47%

50%

40%

30%

% Responding Always & Often

Pakistanis’ perceptions of how often the courtsguarantee everyone a fair trial

Accountability

Perceptions of the Courts

49%46%

45%

39%

2013 2014 201720162013 2014 20172016

8.3

Excessive Pre-Trial Detention

8.0

Delayed Cases 7.3

Inadequate Resources

7.0

Inadequate Alternative Dispute Resolution

8.0

Inadequate Criminal Defense 7.3

Bias Against Marginalized People 6.0

Corruption

4.5

6.0

Lack of Judicial Independence

Poor Judicial Decisions

Not Serious Very Serious1 5 10

Problems faced by criminal courts in Pakistan rated on a scale of 1 to 10 2

Problems Faced by Criminal Courts

Criminal Justice in Pakistan

15

16II: Thematic Findings 16II: Thematic Findings

Hardship

Legal Capability

Legal Capability

2.47 Months

Financial

impossible to pay costs incurred to resolve problem

16%

74%

27%

Knew where to get advice76%

Got all the expert help they wanted

70%

fair outcome

70%

Knew where to get advice62%

Got all the expert help they wanted55%

fair outcome

53%

Experienced a hardship as a result of their legal problem

48%

Type of hardship:

6%

2%

44%

12%

Stress related illness

Relocated or lost employment

Problems with alcohol or drugs

39%MALE

57%FEMALE

Incidence of Legal Problems

Done

OngoingViolence

Experienced a legal problem in the last two years

Turned to an authority or third party to help resolve the problem

Have fully resolved or are done with the problem

Have not resolved the problem

Reported that one party resorted to physical violence

Did NOT turn to an authority or third party to help resolve the problem

82% 14% 32%

68%5%

86%

5%

15%

66%

14%

Manner in which the problem was resolved: Incidence by type of problem:

Problem sorted itself outAccidental illness & injury

Debt

Housing

Decision by third party or authority

Employment

Land

Gave up or moved awayCommunity & natural resources

Law enforcement

OtherConsumer

Family

Money

Public services

82%MALE

83%FEMALE

23%

3%

5%

39%

5%

2%

28%

6%

4%

22%

51%

6%

2%

(Karachi, Lahore, and Faisalabad).

Incidence of everyday legal problems, whether respondents take action to resolve these problems, andexperiences with the resolution process.

Access to Civil Justice in Pakistan

Source: WJP General Population Poll 2017 II: Thematic Findings 16

17II: Thematic FindingsSource: Pakistan Justice Sector Survey 2017

6.2/10 6.1/10 6.2/10 6.0/10 6.1/10 6.2/106.1/10Average ScoreOut of 10 questions

44% 62% 56% 58% 50% 48%53%Only the male head of household can be listed on a land certi�cate. (FALSE)

Women’s Rights

79%

48%

89%

74%

54%

81%

80%

46%

85%

76%

49%

78%

75%

54%

87%

81%

49%

87%

77%

51%

85%

86% 59% 69% 68% 77% 70%73%

The marriage of a girl whose age is less than 16 is allowed by law. (FALSE)

A woman can obtain a divorce without the approval of her husband. (TRUE)

Women can be exchanged as brides to settle unpaid debts. (FALSE)

All citizens, men and women, have equal rights and duties before the law. (TRUE)

Children’s Rights

80%

96%

76%

91%

79%

92%

73%

92%

79%

94%

85%

94%

78%

94%

Children younger than 14 are prohibited from working in any factory, mine, or any other hazardous employment. (TRUE)

The State is required to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 5 and 16. (TRUE)

A suspect must be informed of the nature of the accusation immediately upon arrest. (TRUE)

A poor person is entitled to free legal representation in criminal matters. (FALSE)

A suspected criminal can be detained for as long as needed. (FALSE)

88%

12%

19%

86%

14%

28%

89%

15%

22%

84%

15%

27%

86%

12%

22%

91%

8%

20%

87%

13%

23%

Due ProcessNoSchooling

PrimaryLevel

SecondaryLevel

Universityor AboveMen Women

Breakdownby Gender

Breakdownby EducationAverage

Percentage of Pakistanis who responded correctly to true or false statements about their legal rights.

Legal Awareness


LiteracyNational IDHas a current, unexpired National ID Can read and write

88%92%55%78% 80%87%

Has a birth certi�cateBirth Certi�cate

Legal Identity & Literacy

Dispute ResolutionA. Women should engage in local

dispute resolution

28%

25%

B. Women should stay out of local dispute resolution

48%

51%

16%

28%

EmploymentA. A woman should be allowed to work

outside the home

49%

59%

B. A woman should not be allowed to work outside the home

24%

24%

10%

Domestic ViolenceA. A married man has the right to hit his

wife if she misbehaves

31%

20%

B. A married man does not have the right to hit his wife and should be stopped

45%

50%

11%

23%

Di�erenceWomen

Di�erenceMen

Values based on percent thatagreed with statement A or B

KeyDivorce

B. A woman should obtain the approval of her husband for divorce

A. A woman should be able to divorce without the approval of her husband

34%

37%

45%

40%

InheritanceA. A married daughter is not entitled to

her father’s estate because she is under the care of her husband

B. All children are entitled to a portion of their parent’s estate

27%

20% 7%

46% 18%

64%

Views on Women's Role in Society

Di�erence in men and women's views, legal documentation, and literacy.

Women in Pakistani Society

Internally Displaced Peoplein Pakistan

Percentage who agree that…

Percentage who perceive the following problems to be serious.


Acceptance of Internally Displaced People (IDPs)

Perceived Problems with Internally Displaced People (IDPs)

Internally Displaced People (IDPs) and Institutions

70%Agree

IDPs spreading violence and extremism

IDPs and local residence competing for jobs

Ethnic tensions between IDPs and local residents

The government is doing enough to help IDPs

100%0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

50%

53%

62%

IDPs are welcome in mycommunity

50% of Citizens Agree

The governmentis doing enough to help IDPs


61% Agree

IDPs areportrayed fairlyby the media

46% Agree

Local residents and IDPs are treated equally by the police

KarachiQuetta

Faisalabad

Lahore

Peshawar

KarachiQuetta

Faisalabad

Lahore

Peshawar

56%

58%

85%

32%

37%

100%0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

77%

75%

94%

45%62%

% Strongly agree/Agree

% Very serious/Serious

Source: Pakistan Justice Sector Survey 2017

Refugees in Pakistan




Acceptance of Refugees

Perceived Problems with Refugees

Refugees and Institutions

64%Agree

Refugees brining violence and extremism to Pakistan

Refugees and citizens competing for jobs

Ethnic tensions between refugees and citizens

The government is doing enough to help refugees

100%0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

61%

65%

73%


58%Agree

Refugees are portrayed fairly by the media

43% Agree

Citizens and refugees are treated equally by the police

Refugees are welcome in mycommunity

Refugees should have the same constitutionalrights as citizens


KarachiQuetta

Faisalabad

Lahore

Peshawar

KarachiQuetta

Faisalabad

Lahore

Peshawar

68%

62%

71%27%

36%

100%0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

73%

60%

69%

68%35%


% Very Serious/Serious



Refugees in Pakistan




Acceptance of Refugees

Perceived Problems with Refugees

Refugees and Institutions

64%Agree

Refugees brining violence and extremism to Pakistan

Refugees and citizens competing for jobs

Ethnic tensions between refugees and citizens

The government is doing enough to help refugees

100%0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

61%

65%

73%


58%Agree

Refugees are portrayed fairly by the media

43% Agree

Citizens and refugees are treated equally by the police

Refugees are welcome in mycommunity

Refugees should have the same constitutionalrights as citizens


KarachiQuetta

Faisalabad

Lahore

Peshawar

KarachiQuetta

Faisalabad

Lahore

Peshawar

68%

62%

71%27%

36%

100%0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

73%

60%

69%

68%35%


% Very Serious/Serious




25% 50% 75% 100%

12% 88%

The Police14% 86%

17% 83%

23% 77%

2013

2014

2016

2017

24% 76%

38% 62%

31% 69%

36% 64%

Local GovernmentO�cers

National GovernmentO�cers

2013

2014

2016

2017

25% 75%

42% 58%

32% 68%

41% 59%

2013

2014

2016

2017

62% 38%

59% 41%

56% 44%

61% 39%

The Courts

2013

2014

2016

2017

People Living in Pakistan

60% 40%

82% 18%

73% 27%

82% 18%

2013

2014

2016

2017

A lot / Some Little / NoneHow much trust docitizens have in...

Trust in Pakistan

21

perceptions of government accountability in pakistan...corruption 4.5 6.0 lack of judicial...

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