performance analysis of mobile ad hoc network used for traffic monitoring application

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International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976

6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IAEME

68

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK USED

FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING APPLICATION

Manoj Tolani

Assistant Professor

PSIT-College of Engineering, Kanpur

[email protected]

Arti Saxena

Assistant Professor (HOD ECE)PSIT-College of Engineering, Kanpur

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The main focus of our research work is to analyze performance of MANET network for remote

area. We suggest various important applications of MANET & finally design MANET for one ofthese applications. We discuss MANET network for traffic monitoring application. In our

research work we compare performance of different routing protocol for FTP service. Weincrease density of traffic, change the mobility of vehicles and analyze the network.Keywords: AODV, OLSR, DSR, MANET, FTP, HTTP

1. INTRODUCTIONMANET stands for Mobile Ad-Hoc network. It is a type of self-configurable wireless network.

MANET not needs any vital infrastructure or fixed infrastructure. It does not need anycentralized support services so that it is type of self-configurable devices, MANET consist of

various Mobile nodes router and wireless connection devices such as Wi-Fi. MANET not needs

any vital infrastructure or fixed infrastructure. MANET is become very popular in last few years

due to its importance in research field. Due to its property of network self-configuration it is usedin the places where urgent need of network connection. So that this type of network is used in

disaster areas where infrastructure is totally damaged, such as flood affected areas, places where

satellites are not capable to cover the area, in battlefield to identify the movement of the army. Inthis paper our main focus to analyze the network for traffic monitoring application. We increase

the density of traffic and also increase load by varying inter-arrival time.

When designing MANET network for analysis we use various trajectories, mobility profile &propagation model. We also use terrain profile to make analysis more real.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET)

ISSN 0976 6464(Print)

ISSN 0976 6472(Online)

Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), pp. 68-83

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International Journal of Electronics

6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Onlin

2. MANET NETWORKWe can also use MANET for

crossings we need to determine

have maximum traffic (figure 1

roads sometimes accidents of vein that case camera mounted on

of distant vehicles. In that case

on each of the vehicles and thetransfer these images from node

Figure 2.1. Vehicles

Figure 2.2. Vehicles

3. WLAN & OTHER P

For analysis purpose we use vatable below.

and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJE

) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), IA

69

FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING APPLI

traffic monitoring application as shown in

traffic on the road and pass traffic through si

. On Highway vehicles are moving with high

hicles take place or sometimes vehicles not folthe central of road sometimes not capable to c

ANET is very useful, we form MANET by

se moving vehicles capture the images at defito node to the central sink node (figure 2).

work as mobile nodes & sink node is at the cro

ork as mobile nodes & sink node is between th

RAMETERS

rious common parameters to analyze the net

CET), ISSN 0976

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ATION

igure1 & 2. On

nals of the road

speeds, on these

low traffic rules,pture the images

ounting camera

nite interval and

sing

road.

ork as shown in


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SIMULATION PARAMETERSNo. Of Nodes 31,51, 71,101

Simulation time 600 sec

ROUTING MAC PROTOCOLRouting Protocol AODV,OLSR,DSR

MAC Protocol 802.11bData Rate 11Mbps

RADIO CHARACTERISTICSTransmitted Power 5mW

Packet Reception Power Threshold -95dBm

MANET FTP TRAFFIC GENERATION PARAMETERSCommand Mix 0%

Inter request Time 1, 2, 3 & 4 sec

File Size 10 KB

MOBILITY PROFILE

Mobility type Default Random Waypoint Mobility

Speed Uniform_int 10,40,80 m/s

Pause Time 100 sec

TRAJECTORY PROFILE

Propagation Model Free Space

Terrain data Type DTED

Table 3.1: Various parameters set for MANET network

4. ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS IMPORTANT PARAMETERSWe design MANET for traffic monitoring application. When designing MANET for thisapplications its performance depend several important parameters, we analyze each parameters

for different routing protocols. The important parameters that affect the MANET performancefor these applications are discussed below.

1) Increasing number of Nodes2) Mobility of Nodes3) Increasing Traffic4.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF NODES

For analysis we take several scenarios by changing number of nodes & compare their

performance. Initially there are 31 nodes in a MANET network, we increase number of nodesand check their performance. We are also analyzing MANET performance for different routingprotocols.

4.2 MOBILITY OF NODESIn a MANET, mobile nodes are small in size (Mobile Phones, Laptops etc.) and so that there

antenna size is also small as compared to surrounding objects. As we already discussed its

application in flood affected areas, in battlefield, in urban areas where the surrounding objects


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always cause the problem. Movement of mobile nodes also causes the problem of fading and

multipath propagation. Fading is used to describe the rapid fluctuation of amplitude, phase ormultiple delays of a radio signal over a short period of time. These waves called multipath

waves.

4.3 INCREASING TRAFFIC

We can increase traffic by decreasing inter-arrival time of packet generation, so that we take 66

nodes MANET network. The inter-arrival time of packet generation in first case is 10 sec andthen we reduce it to 2, 0.4, 0.08, 0.02 sec. As we reduce interval of two packets more packets are

generated in same duration and traffic increases. In traffic monitoring application if the vehicles

generate more snapshots it may be possible that buffer overflow take place of nodes and loss ofinformation. Because these vehicles (nodes) work as a router, so they store snapshots taken by

them and also store snapshots taken by other nodes when routing the traffic. So it is very

important to determine how much traffic they can store and transmit without loss of traffic information.

4.4 MANET NETWORK DESIGN FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING

APPLICATIONTo design MANET network for traffic monitoring application we take 40 nodes MANET

structure in which internodes average distance 15-20m. We assume that central node provideservice to the bounded area of 275m*150m. There are 40 moving vehicles work as mobile node

form MANET network, each vehicle moving with speed of 50m/s and mounted camera to take

snapshots. Let us consider that each snapshot is of the size of 10KB. As we discuss earlier thatcentral node work as a FTP server all nodes upload image to FTP server.

5. DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON SIMULATION RESULTSWe analyze the data step by step from simulation results. In each case we describe simulationparameters set for simulations, various other parameters also describe that are same for all

simulations.

5.1EFFECT OF INCREASING NUMBER OF NODESAs from the results it is clear that if the density of nodes increases in any particular area than

traffic also increases. Due to more traffic network load also increases, If the medium iscongestion less increasing the load cause increase in throughput While if the channel is

congested, increase in load cause decrease in throughput and so that data dropped increases. We

take average value of throughput but it is not so smooth at the duration when collision countincrease throughput reduces. On increasing the no. of nodes obviously more traffic is generated

and so that throughput increases but it is become isolated because network has a limited capacity

to hold the traffic and then data loss take place. Also some collision count also increases due toincreasing traffic and throughput reduces from its actual value. Closely observing the results it isclear that as the no. of nodes increases traffic also increases and so that network overhead, in

case of AODV routing protocol data drop increases as no. of nodes increases and delay also

increases. In case of AODV have less than 50 nodes having very less delay and suitable for realtime applications. AODV is a reactive routing protocol so that delay due to route formation also

cause problem in real time operations for heavy traffic. In case of DSR, throughput is too low

when there is less no. of nodes this is due to it maintains large cache (route information table) to


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store data for transmission [4].

nodes are not moving (stationaras compare to other routing pro

already formed and so that it h

due to buffer overflow and due

similar traffic (Table 5.1.1.1). Lthat OLSR perform better than

Figure

Figur

Figure



72

lso due to large cache delay is also higher. A

nodes) so that performance of OLSR routingocol, because it is table driven routing protoc

ve no route discovery delay. OLSR produces

to retry threshold. We analyze the MANET

oad increases with increasing no. of nodes. FiODV and DSR.

.1.1: Throughput comparison of AODV

e 5.1.2: Delay comparison of AODV

5.1.3: Throughput comparison of DSR

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s in this network

protocol is betterl and so route is

no data dropped

etwork for self-

nally we can say


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Figure 5.1.4: Delay Comparison of DSR

Figure 5.1.5: Throughput comparison of OLSR

Figure 5.1.6: Delay Comparison of OLSR


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No. ofNodes

Throughput (kbps)

Load(kbps)

Delay(mili sec)

Data droppedBufferoverflow

Data droppedRetrythreshold

AO

DV 31 2400 140 1 0kbps 0kbps

51 9600 380 5 0 0

71 21000 750 10 0 25101 22000 1150 25000 270 16000

DSR

31 50 50 1 0 0

51 85 85 3 0 10

71 21000 750 10 0 25

101 800 2300 52000 1800 18000

OLSR

31 500 55 0.35 --No-- --No--

51 2500 110 0.44 --No-- --No--

71 7200 175 0.5 --No-- --No--

101 18000 300 0.62 --No-- --No--

121 31500 400 0.7 --No-- --No--

131 38500 450 0.74 --No-- --No--

Table 5.1.1: Data analysis from Simulation results

5.2 EFFECT OF MOBILITY OF NODES

From the results it is clear that in AODV as the speed of the nodes increases throughput reduces

and so that initially there delay is larger as initially throughput is same and due to movement of

nodes new route formation take place so that there overhead of route request message cause

delay in packet transmission, so that initially delay increases but after that throughput reducesdue to movement of node and delay also reduces. Similarly performance of OLSR also degraded

as the speed of nodes increases and at high speeds very sharp change in speed take place, delay isnot much affected by speed as the time passes delay reduces as throughput also reduces andmuch of the data is dropped. In both AODV and OLSR load is lower as compared to the

throughput. But in case of DSR for the same traffic throughput is much lower with respect to

load, this is due to DSR feel congested channel as it maintains maintain large cache (routeinformation table) to store transmission data, frequent changes due to high mobility need to

periodically updating and so that delay increases but also more nodes become in communication

range and multipath channel of outdated or state route information in forwarding packet

increases, so that its throughput also increase as speed increases but although it is lower withrespect to the OLSR & AODV. Below color codes are given.


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Figure

Figu

Figure



75

.2.1: Throughput comparison of OLSR

re 5.2.2: Delay comparison of OLSR


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Figure 5.2.4: Delay comparison of AODV

Figure 5.2.5: Throughput comparison of DSR

Figure 5.2.6: Delay comparison of DSR

At lower speed performance of OLSR is better while at higher speed performance of AODV is

better in terms of delay and throughput.

5.3 EFFECT OF INCREASING TRAFFICFrom the results it is clear that in case of OLSR delay is much lower as compared to DSR &

AODV. As the traffic increases throughput increases but large traffic cause increase in collisioncount & so that reduction in throughput. Data analysis from simulation results is shown in Table

5.1.3.1. From the results it is also clear that OLSR is less sensitive to increase in traffic, it can

handle large traffic as compared to AODV.


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Figure

Figu

Figure



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.3.1: Throughput comparison of OLSR

re 5.3.2: Delay comparison of OLSR


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Figure 5.3.4: Delay comparison of AODV

Figure 5.3.5: Throughput comparison of DSR

Figure 5.3.6: Delay comparison of DSR


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Interarrival

Time(s

ec)

Through-put

(kbps)

Load(kbps)

Delay(milisec)

Data DroppedBufferoverflow

(kbps)

Data droppedRetry threshold

(kbps)

AODV

10 6000 250 10 --No-- --No--

2 17000 500 10 --No-- --No--0.4 14000 1100 19 --No-- --No--

0.08 13000 1800 21 --No-- --No--

0.02 12000 2800 21 2100 1500

OLSR

10 6600 200 0.5 0 0.005

2 6600 250 0.5 0 0.010

0.4 6900 500 0.6 280 10

0.08 7400 1200 1.9 1000 1150

0.02 2000 3200 16 2000 1250

DSR

10 30 2 10 0 0.010

2 70 55 10 0 0.010

0.4 700 2200 35000 1800 10.2

0.08 750 3900 32000 3200 12

0.02 780 8200 30000 7800 12

Table 5.3.1: Data analysis from Simulation results

5.4 MANET NETWORK DESIGN FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING

APPLICATION FOR FTP SERVICE

As shown in figure data dropped take place when inter arrival time is 1s and in case of 2s, 3s

&4s very negligible amount of data dropped take place so that throughput is lower in case of 1s.

We analyze the results for two routing protocol AODV & OLSR for same traffic. From the finalresults we get that OLSR perform better & having no data dropped, but due to mobility routing

overhead cause reduction in throughput. Although OLSR perform better, but for high speeds as

we discuss later that performance much degraded in OLSR with respect to AODV.

Inter-arrival time 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec

Color code

Figure 5.4.1: Throughput comparison of FTP (AODV)


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Figure 5.4.2: Delay comparison of FTP (AODV)

Figure 5.4.3: Throughput comparison of FTP (OLSR)

Figure 5.4.4: Delay comparison of FTP (OLSR)


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FTP

AODV OLSR

THROUGHPUT 5800kbps 4200kbps

8000kbps 2900kbps

7000kbps 2400kbps

6200kbps 2100kbps

DATA DROPPED(BUFFER OVERFLOW)

50kbps 0kbps

0.5kbps 0kbps

0.1kbps 0kbps

0.005kbps 0kbps

DELAY 1000ms 6ms

11ms 1.8ms

7ms 1.2ms

5ms 1ms

Table 5.4.1: Data analysis of different services

From the results it is clear that for self-similar traffic Ftp Service performs better than HttpService both in terms of delay and data dropped. Ftp with OLSR is best for application but

throughput is better for AODV so that we prefer OLSR with FTP service for real timeapplications and for non-real time application we prefer AODV.

6. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPEFrom the complete analysis of results it is clear that for real time operations OLSR performance

is best while in terms of throughput AODV perform best but non-real time applications. So for

traffic monitoring application we can use AODV while in battlefield application OLSR performbetter. Results also show that FTP has larger delay but higher throughput so we use it for traffic

monitoring application.

In our research work we end the work with the idea of MANET design for rural area for internet

connectivity. In future we can design a real model of MANET based internet for rural areas; wealso analyze the network performance of this network & compare performance for different

services. In future we can also design MANET network by using WI-Max technology IEEE

802.16, which has another important qualities which improve the performance of MANETnetwork.


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performance analysis of mobile ad hoc network used for traffic monitoring application

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