performance matrices per iec 61853...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards:
Their Importance for the Energy Estimation M odels
M a n i G . T a m i z h M a n i
A r i z o n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y P R L
T U V R h e i n l a n d P T L
Presented at the 2013 Sandia PV Performance Modeling Workshop Santa Clara, CA. May 1-2, 2013
Published by Sandia National Laboratories with the Permission of the Author.
![Page 2: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Outline
Num ber of Power Rating Cond it ions : A n Ev olution
IEC 61853-1
T e m p e r a t u r e - I r r a d i a n c e M a t r i c e s G e n e r a t i o n
U s i n g I E C 6 0 8 9 1 s e t u p a n d m o d e l s
U s i n g S a n d i a s e t u p a n d m o d e l
I m p o r t a n c e t o E n e r g y E s t i m a t i o n M o d e l s
IEC 61853-2 ( d raf t )
A n g l e o f I n c i d e n c e
B a c k g r o u n d
S e t u p a n d M o d e l s
I m p o r t a n c e t o E n e r g y E s t i m a t i o n M o d e l s
Conclusions
![Page 3: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Number of Power Rating Conditions:
An Evolution
![Page 4: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1 Condition
(STC)
AOI = 0o
3 Conditions
(STC, NOCT & LIC)
AOI = 0o
23 Conditions
(7 irradiance levels and 4 temperature levels)
AOI = 0o
23 Conditions
AOI = 0o-90o
Focus of my presentation
< 1993 (ASTM E1036; IEC 60904-1)
> 1993 (IEC 61215; EN 50380)
> 2011 (IEC 61853-1)
> 2014? (IEC 61853-2 draft)
Number of Power Rating Conditions: An Evolution
5 Conditions
(STC, NOCT, LIC, LTC & HTC)
AOI = 0o
> 2012 (UL 4730)
![Page 5: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
UL 4730: 5 Test Conditions
www.solarABCs.org
UL 4730 standard is based on the
following Solar ABCs report
![Page 6: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
www.solarABCs.org
IEC 61853-1: 23 Test Conditions
IEC 61730-1 standard is validated in the
following Solar ABCs report
![Page 7: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
IEC 61853-1
![Page 8: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Temperature -Irradiance Matrices Generation: Using IEC 60891 test setup
Manual 2-Axis Tracking
(Cool the module; Take I-V as it warms up)
Mesh Screens to Vary Irradiance
![Page 9: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
1, 2 & 3 = IEC 60891 procedures; 4 = NREL procedure
Temperature -Irradiance Matrices Generation: Using IEC 60891 models and results (example)
Efficiency does not remain the same!
![Page 10: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Temperature -Irradiance Matrices Generation: Using Sandia setup
I-V
curve
tracer
Pyranometer
Reference Cell
Module
Thermocouple 2
Thermocouple 1
Automatic
2-axis tracker
Continuous Daylong Tracking
![Page 11: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Temperature -Irradiance Matrices Generation: Using Sandia model and results (example)
Egni Module Temperature
W/m2 15oC 25oC 50oC 75oC
1200 272.2 260.9 233 205.7
1100 249.3 238.9 213.3 188.2
1000 226.3 216.9 193.6 170.7
800 180.4 172.8 154.1 135.7
600 134.5 128.8 114.7 100.9
400 88.8 85.0 75.4 66.2
300 66.1 63.1 55.9 48.9
200 43.4 41.5 36.6 31.9
100 21.1 20.1 17.5 15.2
Eff
icie
ncy d
oes n
ot
rem
ain
th
e s
am
e!
![Page 12: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Temperature -Irradiance Matrices Generation: A N e w T e s t S e t u p : A H y b r i d I E C - S a n d i a A p p r o a c h
Housing for
Multi-Curve Tracer
25%T Mesh;
Non Insulated
65%T Mesh;
Insulated
Without
Mesh Screen
Non
Insulated
Insulated
Four Identical Modules & Daylong Tracking
Merits:
• Additional data at low irradiances and high temperatures as compared to Sandia approach
• Reduced data collection time and labor as compared to IEC approach
Challenges:
• Low temperature data during summer months of Arizona!
Insulated
Non-Insulated
![Page 13: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Efficiency does not remain the same!
Temperature-Irradiance Matrices Generation: Using hybrid approach and IEC 60891 model
![Page 14: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Efficiency Changes as Irradiance Changes: Importance to energy est imation models
Energy estimation models should consider accounting for the efficiency changes due to
irradiance changes. This can be accounted by using the IEC 61853-1 matrices.
Even in sunny/desert climatic conditions about 4% of energy is generated at
irradiances lower than 200 W/m2!
Mesa, Arizona (>310 clear sky days a yeaar)
Latitude Tilt of 33o
![Page 15: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
IEC 61853-2 (draft)
![Page 16: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What is Angle of Incidence
AOI = θ = Angle between incident beam of
light and surface normal of the PV module
AOI
Trackers can help minimizing AOI thus
increasing energy production
![Page 17: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
AOI Influence on PV Module Current
Geometrical Loss
Reflection Loss
Depends on plane orientation with respect to sunlight [loss proportional to cosine(AOI)]
Depends on surface characteristics [Loss depends on air/surface interface]
AOI = 0o AOI > 0o AOI = 0o AOI > 0o
Cosine Loss
Refl. Loss
Effect of Angle of Incidence : Cosine Loss & Reflection Loss
![Page 18: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Effect of Angle of Incidence: Cosine Loss Only
Source: Wikipedia
![Page 19: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Effect of Angle of Incidence : Cosine Loss & Reflection Loss
Phoenix, AZ Effect of AOI: 2-axis < 1-axis << Fixed tilt
Cosine loss
(Seasonal)
Cosine loss
+
Reflection loss
(Seasonal & Daily)
![Page 20: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
AOI Test Setup
Five Module Technologies (Superstrate: Glass; Interface: air/glass)
![Page 21: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Test Setup
AOI Measuring Device and DAS
DC Current Transducers CR 1000 DAS with a Multiplexer AOI Device
![Page 22: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Relative Isc with Diffuse Component and Cosine Effects
![Page 23: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The diffused component visible to the module is: Gdiff = Gtpoa − Gdni [cos (θ)] (1) Where: “Gtpoa” total irradiance measured by pyranometer “Gdni” direct component measured by the pyrheliometer. “θ” angle of Incidence. Isc(θ) = Isc_measured(θ) (1- Gdiff / Gtpoa ) (2) The relative angular light transmission (or relative angular optical
response) into the module is given by: τ(θ) = Isc(θ)/(cos(θ) Isc(0)) (3)
IEC 61853-2 Model: Removing Diffuse Component and Cosine Effect
![Page 24: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Where:
Edni = Direct normal solar irradiance (W/m2)
Epoa = Global solar irradiance on the plane-of-array (module) (W/m2)
Eo = Reference global solar irradiance, typically 1000 W/m2
AOI = Angle between solar beam and module normal vector (deg)
Tc = Measured module temperature (oC)
αIsc = Short-circuit current temperature coefficient (1/oC)
Iscr0 = Module short circuit current at STC conditions at 0o of AOI (A)
Isc = Measured short circuit current (A)
Sandia Model: Removing Diffuse Component and Cosine Effect
Iscro = Isc*(Eo/Epoa)/(1+αIsc(Tc-25))
f2(AOI) = [Eo* (Isc/(1+αIsc(Tc-25)))/Iscro -(Epoa-Edni*cos(AOI))]/(Edni*cos(AOI))
![Page 25: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Relative Isc without Diffused Component and Cosine Effects
IEC Model
![Page 26: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
All models have an excellent match with each other, confirming that the relative optical
response of all the glass superstrate modules is almost exclusively dictated by the
air/glass interface. However, this curve may not be assumed for other air/superstrate
interfaces (for example, polymeric superstrates or AR coated glasses)!
AOI Curve Changes as Air/Superstrate Interface Changes: Importance to energy est imation models
![Page 27: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Conclusions
Energy production/estimation models should consider accounting for:
Efficiency change due to irradiance change
this cannot be accounted if a single efficiency is assumed at all
irradiance levels
this can be accounted by using IEC 61853-1 matrices
Reflection change due to air/glass interface change
this may not be accounted if air/glass interface is assumed for all
module technologies
this can be accounted by using IEC 61853-2 (draft) or Sandia model
![Page 28: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Thank You!
![Page 29: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Additional Info Slides
![Page 30: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
IEC 61853-2: AOI Model Validation
![Page 31: Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standardsenergy.sandia.gov/wp-content/gallery/uploads/12-TamizhMani-61853...1 Performance Matrices per IEC 61853 Standards: Their Importance for](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051602/5aeb9ab97f8b9a66258d91df/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Comparison Between Eppley and Kipp & Zonen Pyranometers
Calibration factors of the pyranometers above 60o is sensitive to AOI
Modeled data using IEC or Sandia model can be slightly influenced at higher
AOI values (>60o) by the sensitivity of pyranometer calibration factors