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1 PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS IN NORTH WEST LAO SEACAP 17.02 Dr J R Cook Bounta Meksavanh

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Page 1: PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS IN NORTH …€¦ · 105A 0+000 3+000 3,000 8 108A 0+000 0+500 500 2 Sub-Total 16 201 0+000 12+600 12,600 25 202 0+000 4+126 4,126 10 Sub-Total

1

PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS

IN NORTH WEST LAO

SEACAP 17.02

Dr J R Cook Bounta Meksavanh

Page 2: PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS IN NORTH …€¦ · 105A 0+000 3+000 3,000 8 108A 0+000 0+500 500 2 Sub-Total 16 201 0+000 12+600 12,600 25 202 0+000 4+126 4,126 10 Sub-Total

BACKGROUNDSEACAP 17 designed and constructed a series of trial sections along rural access roads being upgraded as part of the ADB funded section of the Northern Economic Corridor (NEC) within the Huay Xai district in Bokeo Province. The construction 12 trials sections and associated 7 gravel control sections was completed in August 2007

Page 3: PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS IN NORTH …€¦ · 105A 0+000 3+000 3,000 8 108A 0+000 0+500 500 2 Sub-Total 16 201 0+000 12+600 12,600 25 202 0+000 4+126 4,126 10 Sub-Total

Standard NEC Gravel.Bamboo Reinf. ConcreteGeocellMortared StoneHand Packed StoneConcrete Blocks.Sand SealOtta SealEng. Natural Surface

ConstructionTrial Options

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Why Monitor ?

The development of new pavement requires that their performance be investigated within the road environments within which they are designed to operate. Their deterioration characteristics need to be identified in order to establish their suitability and their Whole Life Costs and define the limits of their appropriate usage

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Road Research Delivery

Trial Construction

Practical dissemination

Monitoring & Analysis

Road Standards &Specifications

Page 6: PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS IN NORTH …€¦ · 105A 0+000 3+000 3,000 8 108A 0+000 0+500 500 2 Sub-Total 16 201 0+000 12+600 12,600 25 202 0+000 4+126 4,126 10 Sub-Total

Gravel Assessment

In addition to the monitoring of the trials roads this project was also undertook a Lao Gravel Assessment Programme (LGAP) with the objective of analysing information on the performance of a number of unsealed roads within the NEC corridor.

Page 7: PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS IN NORTH …€¦ · 105A 0+000 3+000 3,000 8 108A 0+000 0+500 500 2 Sub-Total 16 201 0+000 12+600 12,600 25 202 0+000 4+126 4,126 10 Sub-Total

New Ref Old Ref From ToPavement Type Start (km) End (km) Length (m)

1011 1-1 B.Phi Mon Sine B.Chom Keo Gravel 0+600 0+700 1001013 1-3 B.Chan Sa Vang B.Si Pho Sai Gravel 1+270 1+370 100

Gravel 0+450 0+550 100Packed Stone 0+700 0+800 100Packed Stone 0+940 1+040 100Single Otta Seal 0+150 0+250 100Double Otta Seal 0+415 0+515 100Engineered Nat. Surface 0+800 0+900 100Mortared Stone 1+200 1+300 100Mortared Stone 1+300 1+400 100Gravel 1+520 1+720 200

1033 3-3 B.Nam Tin B.Phou Vane Kao Gravel 1+650 1+750 100Paving Blocks 0+950 1+050 100Paving Blocks 1+250 1+350 100Bamboo Concrete (125mm) 2+000 2+100 100Bamboo Concrete (150mm) 2+350 2+450 100Geocells (75mm) 2+800 2+900 100Geocells (100mm) 2+950 3+050 100Geocells 3+050 3+125 75Gravel 3+175 3+275 100Gravel 4+550 4+650 100Sand Seal 1+800 1+900 100Sand Seal 2+000 2+100 100Gravel 2+225 2+325 100

Total 2,475

5

8

Monitored Lengths

1032 B.Bolek B.Nam Tong Neua

Roads

2

3-2

108 B.Chom Chouk B.Nam Kham Neua

105 Gam Mining B.Houay Sala

102 B.Nam Phou Kang B.Nam Sa Mok Neua

Page 8: PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS IN NORTH …€¦ · 105A 0+000 3+000 3,000 8 108A 0+000 0+500 500 2 Sub-Total 16 201 0+000 12+600 12,600 25 202 0+000 4+126 4,126 10 Sub-Total

Data Sets

The following data sets were collected.

Visual survey- using standard sheetsCross sections –levelling techniquesIn Situ pavement layer strength –DCP, IRI Roughness - MERLIN, Mini FWD Rut depth –dipped measurements

Page 9: PERFORMANCE MONITORING OF RURAL ROADS IN NORTH …€¦ · 105A 0+000 3+000 3,000 8 108A 0+000 0+500 500 2 Sub-Total 16 201 0+000 12+600 12,600 25 202 0+000 4+126 4,126 10 Sub-Total

The LGAP

This survey of in situ unsealed road conditions was similar in nature to a previous larger SEACAP 4 project carried out in Vietnam as the Rural Road Gravel Assessment Programme (RRGAP). The data collection procedures and forms and associated codes were derived from this project

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Ref From To

1011 0+000 2+183 2,183 81013 0+600 3+487 2,887 8102 0+000 5+350 5,350 10

1032 0+000 6+880 6,880 131033 0+000 2+000 2,000 4105 0+000 6+093 6,093 11108 0+000 2+770 2,770 7

Sub-Total 61

1013A 0+000 0+600 600 3102A 0+000 0+800 800 3105A 0+000 3+000 3,000 8108A 0+000 0+500 500 2

Sub-Total 16

201 0+000 12+600 12,600 25202 0+000 4+126 4,126 10

Sub-Total 35Overall Total 112

Package II

Roads Number of GSA Sites Length (km)

Package I SC17 Trial Roads

Bokeo Non-Trial

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Trials Data Analysis Key Factors

For each pavement group a number of key factors have been identified that may be reasonably be able to represent road performance,

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Trial Group Indicative Factors Trial Group Indicative Factors

Concrete

Joint conditionCrack extentSurface conditionPotholes

Blocks

Block conditionJoint ConditionRutsPotholes

GeocellsStructural crack extentCell conditionJoint condition

Hand Packed Stone

Block conditionJoint ConditionDepressionsPotholes

Sealed Flexible

Crack extentRutsPotholes

Unsealed ErosionRutsPotholes

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Left Hand Right HandCarriageway Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder

Cha

in

Block

Sur

face

con

ditio

n

Sto

ne b

lock

s

Mat

rix

Dep

ress

ions

Rut

s

Pot

holes

Sha

pe

Edg

e

Cra

cks

Ero

sion

Run

-off

Dra

in

Sur

face

con

ditio

n

Sto

ne b

lock

s

Mat

rix

Dep

ress

ions

Rut

s

Pot

holes

Sha

pe

edge

Cra

cks

Ero

sion

Run

-off

0 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 1 1 1 0 2 3 1 1 0 1 0

5 2 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

10 3 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 0 1 0

15 4 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 2 1 1 0 2 0

20 5 1 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 0

25 6 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 0

30 7 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

35 8 3 2 2 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 2 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

40 9 3 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

45 10 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 0

50 11 1 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

55 12 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

60 13 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

65 14 2 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

70 15 3 3 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

75 16 3 3 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 2 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

80 17 4 2 3 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

85 18 4 2 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

90 19 3 2 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 0

95 20 3 2 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2## 21

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The Road Condition Deterioration Index (RCDI)

A total deterioration index: calculated by combining the deterioration of the key factors as percentage of total deterioration (ie all numeric codes at their maximum defect values). Made up of individual factor indices (CDIs)

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CDIs3 1 1 1 0

19 3 2 2 0

20 3 2 2 021

43 35 28 143 35 28 1

5 5 5 3100 100 100 60

Bloc

k

Surfa

ce c

ondi

tion

Ston

e bl

ocks

Mat

rix

Dep

ress

ions

1 1 1 1 0

2 1 1 1 0

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Deterioration ExtentDefect Extent Index (DEI): simply a

measurement of the % of the road affected by any deterioration. The combination of RCDI and DEI allows a rapid condition assessment.

A high RCDI + high DEI = widespread serious defect

Low RCDI + high DEI = minor widespread defect

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Road 24 hr esa Age (Months) esa to date

1011 0.72 20 432

1013 0.24 20 144

102 26.28 20 15768

1032 7.2 20 4320

1033 1.44 20 864

105 7.68 20 4608

108 1.68 20 1008

Traffic

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UnsealedRoad Ref. DEI% RCDI IRI

(17.01)IRI

(17.02)Material

1011.01 100 41 8.28 9.07 C

1013.01 100 30 7.46 10.93 F

102.01 100 31 9.51 10.57 C

1032.06 100 15 9.01 7.82 F

1033.01 100 19 7.46 6.08 F

105.08 100 22 7.92 6.08 C

105.09 100 23 7.92 6.97 A

108.03 100 29 7.79 6.08 C

1032.03 100 16 6.02 6.32

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Material Suitability

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Sealed Flexible Options

Seal DEI% RCDI IRI IRI

Single Otta 63 6 7.19 5.44

Double Otta 83 9 7.31 5.28

Sand 95 23 6.80 5.03Sand 80 30 6.80 5.48

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Hand-Packed Stone

Description DEI%

RCDI IRI -1 IRI -2

Non-mortared 100 20 6.59 9.96

Non-mortared 100 30 6.59 10.56

Mortared 100 15 14.2 15.65

Mortared 98 22 11.8 13.36

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Geocells

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Concrete BlocksRoad Ref. DEI% RCDI IRI

(17.01)IRI

(17.02)105.01 100 15 9.05 6.97105.02 98 13 9.05 5.03

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BRCRoad Ref. DEI% RCDI Seals

CDIIRI

(17.01)IRI

(17.02)105.03 10 2 40 11.67 9.07105.04 5 4 41 11.67 7.62

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The Lao Gravel Assessment Programme- LGAP

Some Key Issues: Standards

Compared to the SC3 standards the carriageway widths were largely adequate. The overall road widths were however below standard at about 40% of the sites - narrow shoulders

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Road Width (Including shoulders)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

Width (m)

Cum

ulat

ive

%

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Gravel Loss - Gradient

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 10 100

Loss(mm/yr)

Cum

ulat

ive

%

>6%2-6%0-2%Poly. (>6%)Poly. (2-6%)Poly. (0-2%)

<6%>6%

Gravel Loss mm/yr

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Road Shape

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Trials Monitoring – General Comment

The SC17.02 survey has emphasised the need for ongoing regular monitoring of the Bokeo trial sites if any meaningful outcomes are to be achieved from the initial outlay on this programme.

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LGAP- OutcomesUnsealed gravel roads can be a sustainable option in Lao - but only with maintenancethat must include a shaping capacity.

The combination of unsealed roads at gradients less than 6% and Spot Improvements on sections >6% can provide a Lao with major tool to address their poverty alleviation aims through improved access.