periodic table notes february 3rd. dmitri mendeleev: father of the table how his worked… put...
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Periodic Periodic TableTable
Notes February 3rd
Dmitri Dmitri Mendeleev: Mendeleev: Father of the Father of the TableTableHOW HIS
WORKED…Put elements in
rows by increasing atomic weight.
Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.
SOME PROBLEMS…He left blank spaces for
what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!)
He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight to keep similar reacting elements together.
The Current The Current Periodic Periodic
TableTableMendeleev wasn’t too far off.Now the elements are put in rows by
increasing ATOMIC NUMBER!!The horizontal rows are called Periods
and are labeled from 1 to 7.The vertical columns are called Groups
are labeled from 1 to 18.
Groups…Here’s Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!Table Gets Useful!!
Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!
(Mendeleev did that on purpose.)
Why??• They have the
same number of valence electrons.
• They will form the same kinds of ions.
Group 1-Alkali Group 1-Alkali MetalsMetalsSilvery SolidsTarnish RapidlyLow DensitiesLow Melting PointsVery Soft MetalsMost Reactive MetalsReact Strongly w/Halogens &
Water (Violently)1 Valance e-
Group 2-Alkaline Group 2-Alkaline Earth Earth
MetalsMetalsSilver in ColorDenser, Harder, and Higher
Melting Points then Group 1Very Reactive, but not as
reactive as Group 1React w/Halogens & Water2 Valance e-
Group 17-Group 17-HalogensHalogensToxicNon Metals except for (At)Salt Formers (specially w/Alkali &
Alkaline Earth Metals)Highly Reactive7 Valance e-
Poor ConductorsLow Melting & Boiling PointsOnly Group that contains all 3
States of Matter @ room Temperature
Group 18-Noble Group 18-Noble GasesGasesAll GasesKnown also as Inert GasesDo NOT React w/Anything8 Valance e- Low Boiling PointsOdorless & Colorless
MetalloidsMetalloidsBetween the Metals & Non
MetalsShare Properties w/both
Metals and Non MetalsMakes Good Semi-
ConductorsUsed in Computer Industry
Transition MetalsTransition Metals
Group 3 to MetalloidsHigher Melting PointsUsed in a Variety of
Products
Non MetalsNon MetalsInclude everything from the
right hand side of the Metalloids including Hydrogen
Usually Gases or Brittle SolidsPoor ConductorsGood Insulators & Semi
ConductorsLittle or no Luster
LanthanidesLanthanidesAtomic #’s 58-71Known as the Rare Earth MetalsUsed in lamps, lasers, magnets,
motion picture projectors, & X-ray intensifying screens
Used as catalysts in the production of petroleum & synthetic products
ActinidesActinidesAtomic #’s 90-103RadioactiveUnstable and decay to form
other elementsMost are synthetic except for
(Th), (Pa), & (U)Very DenseReact w/boiling water or dilute
acid to release hydrogen gas