Periodic Table of ElementsChapter 11

Bell Ringer 10/30/14

Please answer the following in complete sentences: What are two differences between the elements Sodium (Na) and the element Helium (He)?

Use your Periodic Table of Elements to answer.

Student Learning Objectives

SPI 9.1 Recognize that all matter consists of atoms

SPI 0807.9.9 Use the periodic table to determine the properties of an element.

TOC:# Periodic Table Notes# Placing Elements

Periodic Table of ElementsBrain pop

I am Dmitri Mendeleev!

I made the PERIODIC TABLE !

What is the PERIODIC TABLE?

oThe periodic table shows all known elements in the universe.

oIt organizes the elements by chemical properties.

Compare and Contrast: Elements

The elements alone or in combinations, make up our bodies, our world, our sun, and in fact the entire universe!

Discuss with your elbow partner some different elements that make up humans and other organisms.

Periodic Table and Classes of Elements

Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiae it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, by their properties.

Metals are found to the left of the zigzag line. Atoms of most metals have few electrons in their outer energy shell.

Periodic Table and Classes of Elements

Nonmetals are found to the right of the zigzag line. Atoms of most nonmetals have an almost complete set of electrons in their outer energy shell.

Metalloids are the elements that border the zigzag line. Atoms of metalloids have about half of a complete set of electrons in their outer energy shell. These are also called semiconductors.

Periods in the Periodic Table The Periodic table is organized into rows

called periods.

Groups in the Periodic Table It also organized into columns called groups.

How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE?

What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?

o The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom

Oro The number of

electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

o Atomic numbers are arranged in numerical order.

What is the SYMBOL?

o The symbol is an abbreviation of the element name.

What is the ATOMIC MASS?

o The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

How do I find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an element using the periodic table?

o# of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER

o# of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER

o# of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC - ATOMIC MASS NUMBER

Hydrogen The properties of

hydrogen do not match the properties of any single group, so hydrogen is set apart.

1 electron in the outer level

Reactive

Group 1: Alkali Metals

Very reactive metals because they easily give away an electron, esp. with water

1 electron in the outer shell

Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal

Conduct electricity

Sodium metal

Group 2: Alkaline-Earth Metals

Very reactive, but are less reactive than the alkali metals.

2 electrons in the outer shell

They are never found uncombined in nature.

Conduct electricity

White and malleable

Group 3-12: Transition Metals

Do not give away electrons as easily as Groups 1 and 2

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Some are used for jewelry

The transition metals are able to hold up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.

Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

Group 13: Boron Group

The most common element from this group is aluminum. In fact, aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust.

3 electrons in the outer level

Solids at room temperature

Most are metals

Group 14: Carbon Group Carbons form proteins,

fats, and carbohydrates, which are necessary for living things.

4 electrons in outer level

Solids at room temperatures

Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon

Silicon

Group 15: Nitrogen Group Nitrogen makes up

about 80% of the air you breathe!

5 electrons in the outer level

Can share electrons to form compounds

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Group 16: Oxygen Group

Oxygen makes up about 20% of air. It is necessary for substances to burn.

6 electrons in the outer level.

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Reactive

Group 17: Halogens Group Very reactive

nonmetals because their atoms need to gain only 1 electron to have a complete outer level.

7 electrons in the outer level

All are non-metals Often bonds with

elements from Group 1

Chlorine, bromine,& iodine

Group 18: Noble Gases Exist as gases Non-metals Not reactive. VERY

STABLE! They have a full set of electrons in their outer level.

8 electrons in the outer shell =FULL

All are found in small amounts in earth’s atmosphere.

Lanthanides and Actinides

Some are Radioactive

The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity

Science News Alert: Element 117

This is a view down the 120-meter (394-foot) long linear accelerator at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Germany. It created the calcium-ions used in new tests that produced element 117. For now, number 117 is the most massive element confirmed to exist!

Activity: Placing Elements Use pages 286 & 292-298 to color the periodic table

correctly. Color the square for hydrogen yellow. Label it “H” Color the groups red that are very reactive metals. Color the noble gases group orange. Label it “Noble

Gases”. Color the transition metals green. Label it “Transition

Metals”. Using black, mark the zigzag line that shows the position

of the metalloids. Color the metalloids purple. Use blue to color all of the nonmetals that are not part of

the noble gases group. Color the metals in Groups 13–16 brown. Circle the “actinides” in yellow and label it. Circle the “lanthanides” in red and label it. Circle the “alkali metals” in blue and label it. Circle the “alkaline-earth metals” in purple and label it. Circle the “halogens” in green and label it.

Exit Ticket

1. How are the elements on the Periodic Table organized?

2. Pick one group of elements on the Periodic Table and describe two of its properties.