periodic trends: 1. atomic radius 2. ionic radius what is the atomic radius? what is an ion? what is...
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PERIODIC TRENDS:1. ATOMIC RADIUS
2. IONIC RADIUS
What is the atomic radius? What is an ion? What is the ionic radius?
How does it change going across and down?
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What is a radius?• Half of diameter as measured from center of
circle
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What is an Atomic Radius?• half of the distance between the two adjoining
nuclei of atoms
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Some elements occur stuck together naturally!
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What are the seven diatomic elements?
• Diatomic Elements: two elements joined together
• Bromine (Br2)
• Iodine (I2)
• Nitrogen (N2)
• Chlorine (Cl2)
• Hydrogen (H2)
• Oxygen (O2)
• Fluorine (F2)
Made easy to remember….
Br I N Cl H O F
(like a last name Brinclhof)
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Br I N Cl H O F Where are they on the periodic table?
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Atomic Radius TrendIn groups = as atomic number increasesIn periods = as atomic number increases
Is there a part missing?
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Trends show general rules
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WHY?• In groups: adding more energy levels
• In periods: size of nuclear charge
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What is an ion?• A ✚ or − charged atom• Occurs when atom loses or gains electrons
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CATION• see a + ion• metals lose e- and become more +• become smaller
Atom:11 p+12 n11 e-
n=3
Overall charge = 0
Ion:11p+12 n10 e-
n=2
Overall charge = +1
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ANION• A negative ion , a – ion• NONmetals gain e- and become more –• become larger
Atom9 p+9 e-
Overall Charge = 0
Ion9 p+10 e-
Overall Charge = -1
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IONIC RADIUS TREND• Ionic size changes b/c:• CATIONS get smaller as e- are drawn in closer by +
nuclear charge
• ANIONS get bigger as e- cloud spreads out
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IONIC RADIUS TREND• In groups = increase as you go b/c more energy
levels
• In periods = as you go across b/c e- cloud shrinks as e- are lost