permaculture for farmers 2009
DESCRIPTION
Ecological agriculture - by design! Learn more at http://www.regenerativedesigns.wordpress.comTRANSCRIPT
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Permaculture for Farmers Ecological Production by Design
Benneth G. Phelps, Mosaic FarmEthan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture
RegenerativeDesign Group
ApiosInstitute
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Permaculture for Farmers
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Permaculture Design
• Origins - Ethics - Principles
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The Permaculture Pie
perennial vegetables
coppice woodcrafts & biomass
composting & compost tea
biochar/terra preta
apiculture
aquaculture
edible forest gardening
mycoscaping
bioremediation
earthworks
keyline
natural building green architecture
management-intensive grazing
alternativecurrencies
food forestry
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Ethics of Permaculture
Developed in 1980’s, over 1,000,000 people certified, active in 140+ Countries, more than 4,000 projects on the ground
1. Earth Care 2. People Care 3. Resource Share
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Ethics of Permaculture
Developed in 1980’s, over 1,000,000 people certified, active in 140+ Countries, more than 4,000 projects on the ground
1. Earth Care 2. People Care 3. Resource Share
![Page 7: Permaculture for Farmers 2009](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052303/555316f8b4c905a7778b464d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ethics of Permaculture
Developed in 1980’s, over 1,000,000 people certified, active in 140+ Countries, more than 4,000 projects on the ground
1. Earth Care 2. People Care 3. Resource Share
![Page 8: Permaculture for Farmers 2009](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052303/555316f8b4c905a7778b464d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ethics of Permaculture
Developed in 1980’s, over 1,000,000 people certified, active in 140+ Countries, more than 4,000 projects on the ground
1. Earth Care 2. People Care 3. Resource Share
![Page 9: Permaculture for Farmers 2009](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052303/555316f8b4c905a7778b464d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ethics of Permaculture
Developed in 1980’s, over 1,000,000 people certified, active in 140+ Countries, more than 4,000 projects on the ground
1. Earth Care 2. People Care 3. Resource Share
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Principles
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Design Tools
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Zones of Use
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Camp Epworth
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Zone 1
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Zone 2
Zone 1
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Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone 1
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Zone 3Zone 4
Zone 2
Zone 1
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Sector Analysis
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Sector Thinking: Windbreaks
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Keyline Design
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Keyline: Catch and Store Energy
Source: Permaculture: A Designers Manual
Catch+store
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Yobarnie
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Yobarnie, 2007
Source: Permaculture: A Designers Manual
Yobarnie, Layout, 1988
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Keyline Plow
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Coulter, Tip, Shank
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seeding
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Soil conditioning
1. Plow to 2” below new root depth
2. Remove stock for 4-6 weeks
3. Just at onset of flowering:
Hard graze to 2-4”
Existing Condition:
Shallow, Compacted, Drought-Prone Topsoil
1. Soil Test & Remineralise
2. Plow to 2” below hard pan
3. Remove stock for 4-6 weeks
4. Just at onset of flowering:
Hard graze to 2-4”
1. Plow to 2” below new root depth:
Max out at 12-15”
2. Remove stock for 4-6 weeks
3. Just at onset of flowering:
Hard graze to 2-4”
Yeomans Keyline Plow – Plowing for Rapid & Cheap Soil Development (Pasture)
And Another Thing:
1% increase in Organic Matter =
63 ton/ac capture in Atmospheric CO2 !
(That’s twice your total annual emissions)
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Keyline Pattern
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[DD keyline design]
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LittleSeed CSAChatham, NY
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3-Shank Plow
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Shank & Weed-Knives
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Carbon Farmers of America
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Cimarron FarmSwanton, VT
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5-Shank Plow
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Italian Ryegrass
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www.carbonfarmersofamerica.com
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Rodale Whitepaper
• A 40% reduction of global carbon emissions is possible with a switch to regenerative organic agricultural practices on the world’s 3.5 billion tillable acres.
• Agriculture contributes 20% of Carbon emissions in the US, and 12% worldwide
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Rodale Institute Regenerative Organic Farming: A Solution to Global Warming
• A 40% reduction of global carbon emissions is possible with a switch to regenerative organic agricultural practices on the world’s 3.5 billion tillable acres.
• Agriculture contributes 20% of Carbon emissions in the US, and 12% worldwide
• Soil holds twice as much carbon as terrestrial vegetation
• Midwestern soils that in the 1950s were composed of up to 20 percent carbon are now between 1- and 2-percent carbon.
• Forests and grasslands generally are 6 to 10 percent organic matter, well over the 1- to 3-percent levels typical of today’s agricultural field systems.
• Because soil organic matter is primarily carbon, increases in these levels will be directly correlated with carbon sequestration. While prevailing farming practices using synthetic inputs typically deplete SOM, regenerative farming practices, including the integration of crop and animal production, build it.
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Carbon Farming
• August 25 -September 16th.
• The Farm, Summertown, TN
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Carbon Farming
• August 25 -September 16th.
• The Farm, Summertown, TN
• Next one in Hudson Valley?
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Design Patterns
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Animals & Aquaculture
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Deseret Ranch, AZ
HM Grazing
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Deseret Ranch, AZ8 years later
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Tractors
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Polyface Farm
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CH_CS_fish1
Photo: Ethan Roland
Aquaculture & Aquaponics
Cascade SystemsWadenswil Agriculture Research Station, Switzerland
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Tilapia
50
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CH_CS_view01
Photo: Ethan Roland
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CH_CS_waterflow
Photo: Ethan Roland
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CH_CS_parsley
Photo: Ethan Roland
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54
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55
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CH_CS_papaya
Photo: Ethan Roland
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CH_CS_waterflow
Photo: Ethan Roland
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CH_CS_banana
Photo: Ethan Roland
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Ecosystem Mimicry
• Land Institute
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Ecosystem Mimicry
• Kazakh Food Forests
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Ecosystem Mimicry
• Kazakh Food Forests
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Perennial Vegetables
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Perennial Vegetables
• Permaculture Principle: Least effort for large effect• Plants w/ a 3-3000+ year lifespan• Not destroyed by harvesting• More Common:
– Asparagus, Rhubarb, Horseradish
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• Human Uses: 7 F’s
• Ecosystem Functions:– Beneficial Insect Attractant & Habitat– Aromatic Pest Confusion– Dynamic Accumulator & Soil Builder– Carbon Sequestration & Water Conservation
Perennial Vegetables
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LOW MAINTENANCE• Only plant once• Years of harvests• No digging or tilling• Resist pests, weeds, drought• Extend harvest season• Excellent yield/time
Slide: Eric Toensmeier
Perennial Vegetables
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Nettle
Urtica dioica
Asparagus
Asparagus officinalis
Rhubarb
Rheum x cultorum
French sorrel
Rumex acetosa
Some (More) Common Perennial Vegetables
Slide: Eric Toensmeier
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Top Ten Perennial Vegetables
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Climbing Spinach (Hablitzia tamnoides)
Photos: Eric Toensmeier
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Good King Henry (Chenopodium bonus-
henricus)Photos: Ethan Roland & Eric Toensmeier
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Skirret (Sium sisarum)
Photos: Eric Toensmeier
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Multiplier Onion (Allium cepa-aggregatum)
• Shallot, walking onion, chive, garlic chives
Photo: Eric Toensmeier
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Sea Kale
(Crambe maritima)Photos: Ethan Roland
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Sea Kale
(Crambe maritima)Photos: Ethan Roland
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Sunchokes (Helianthus tuberosus)
Photo: Kathryn ConwayPhoto: Eric Toensmeier
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Turkish Rocket (Bunias orientalis)
Photos: Kathryn Conway & Eric Toensmeier
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Water Celery (Oenanthe javanica)
Photos: Eric Toensmeier
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Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum)Photo: Kathryn Conway
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Salad Hedge
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Salad Hedge
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Small Fruits & Nuts
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Currants(Ribes spp.)
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Hardy Kiwi(Actinidia arguta)
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Seaberry(Hippophae rhamnoides)
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Hazelnuts(Corylus spp.)
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Sandraberry(Schisandra chinensis)
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Agroforestry & Forest Gardening
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Agroforestry & Forest Gardening
Tree Crops & Agroforestry: 2:15-4:15 Resource Center
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Design Patterns
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Summary Example: Threshold Farm
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Keyline
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Keyline
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Perennial Vegetables
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Forest Gardening
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Chive, sorrel, anise hyssop, and chicory starts
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TBD understory
1 season later
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Harvest bins
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Apples, Pears,
Peaches
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Animal Integration
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Permaculture for Farmers
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Business Design
• Mosaic Farm
• Econ Ag Tool
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Mosaic Farm
MISSION STATEMENT Offer unique vegetables, fruits and nuts, produced with sustainable methods, and provide a diverse, seasonal, year-round diet to local customers, while developing a model farm for the future, including investing in a carbon neutral energy supply, building ecological capital on site, utilizing a mixed food forest system of perennial crops, and a low-input, self-regenerating, high-yielding system where crops and products are byproducts of improvements in the site ecosystem.
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Mosaic Farm
LANDSCAPE MOSAICA geographic group of site-level ecosystems (Bailey, 1998).
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Food Forest Farm
Goal#1:Acquire15‐25acresclassIorIIsoilinonetotwocon=guousfieldswithinrangeofwillingcustomerbaseforexperimentalCSA.Longtermlease,renttoown,orpurchase.Wateraccess.Goal#2:LaygroundworkforCSAopera=ononsite.
Objec/ves:A:Ini=alSoilImprovements(GreenManures)Q32010B.Ini=alInfrastructureImprovements(barn,water,greenhouse)Q12011C.Ini=alEquipmentAcquisi=on(Tractor1and2)Q42010D.LandUsePlan&NurseryGardenQ32010
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Mosaic Farm
Goal#3:Meetenergyneedsinacarbonneutralmanner
Objec/ves:A.CompleteEnergyPlan,withsolarspecsandbudget(CompletedQ109)B.SolarelectricsystemonbarnroofC.SolarelectricforheatingreenhouseE.Research,evaluateandconductelectrictractorsandtractorconversions
Goal#4:Createa150memberCSAthatservescustomersyearroundandoffersnewandexci=ngfruits,vegetablesandnuts.
Objec/ves:A.Signup100shareholders,Q22011
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Mosaic FarmFARM PRODUCTS - beginning in years 1-2 Annual vegetable production Winter greens Storage roots and alliums Mushrooms Solar energy
FARM PRODUCTS - beginning years 3-5 Fruits Perennial Vegetables (greens, alliums, roots etc…) Perennial Flowers
FARM PRODUCTS -beginning in years 10-25 Nuts
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Eco-Ag Design Tool
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Next Steps• Resources: Handout
• Northeastern Permaculture Wiki:
• www.nepc.wikispaces.com
• Forest Garden Immersion Series
• www.appleseedpermaculture.com
Northeast
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Questions?
Benneth G. Phelps, Mosaic FarmEthan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture
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Permaculture for Farmers Ecological Production by Design
Benneth G. Phelps, Mosaic FarmEthan C. Roland, AppleSeed Permaculture
RegenerativeDesign Group
ApiosInstitute