Innovative technology solutions for sustainability

Perovskite solar cells: new paradigm in thin film PV

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ABENGOA

RESEARCH

1st generation Silicon

2nd generation CdTe, CIGS, Kesterites

Multi-crystalline

Efficiency, cost Low cost

Stability Abundant feedstock's Hybrid

Photovoltaic evolution: voyage through time

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Single -crystalline Nano-crystalline

3rd generation Dye sensitized solar cells, Organic solar cells, Quantum dots, Perovskites

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PV technology current status

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High Performance perovskite solar cells

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 2812-2824

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Deposition of layers: process identification

Process for lab cells

Identification of process for module fabrication

*Processing instrument from Coatema

20A_mix_new_q07

Cross sectional SEM images of device showing different layers

Optimizing the perfect crystal for perovskites solar cells

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Development focus: the golden triangle

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- Cost - Performance - Stability

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Pilot processes: deposition on large areas Current Status

Layer Alternative Process Status FTO Sputtering Ok

TiO2 Compact Sputtering Ok

Spray OK

TiO2 Mesoporous Spray Ok

Slot-Dye Ok

Perovskites

Planar VTD On going

Electro-spray On going

Mesoporous Dip-coating Next

Slot-Die Next

HTM

Doctor-blade Next

Electro-spray Next

Slot-Die Next

Contact Ag Screen Printing Next

Optimum barrier layer for encapsulation

• Low water vapor & oxygen transport rate - the key parameter [g/(m2day] • High optical transmissivity • UV stability & cost effectiveness • Mechanical robustness • Flexibility but with glass like properties

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Packaging

Water vapor transmission rate (g m-2 d-1)

Rechargeable Alkali ion Batteries

Quantum Dots

Inorganic PV Display /

Lighting Application

New generation PV

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Current PV market

• In the initial phase, perovskite solar cells is targeted to capture thin film PV market • Perovskite solar cells are very competitive to CdTe (currently which has lowest LCOE) • NREL calculated cost of ownership for perovskite is <0.34 $/Wp, as compared to 0.45 $/Wp

for CdTe. • Utilizes low quantity of earth abundant materials and has simple processing requirements

*Sources: World wide web