Persian Macedonia Expansion

Conquers of Alexander the Great

Review• Persian Wars (500-479 B.C)

Review• Persian Wars• Darius attacked Athens in

490 B.C• Athens repelled the

invasion.

Battle of Marathon

Battle of Marathon

Double Envelopment• Game of Thrones: Battle of the Bastards

Battle of Thermopylae

Persians attempting to force the pass at Thermopylae

Leonidas and the 300 Spartans

Battle of Salamis

Alexander the Great’s Conquers

Macedonia

King Philip II• Ruled Macedonia from

359-336 B.C. and transformed it into a powerful military machine.

• By 338 he had Greece under his control.

Alexander the Great• Heavily influenced by

Greek culture.

• Alexander moved quickly to fulfil his father’s dream – The conquest of the Persian Empire.

• “Alexander inherited from his father the

most perfectly organized, trained, and

equipped army of ancient times.”

Alexander’s Warfare• Companion Cavalry

- Alexander’s elite cavalry, the offensive arm of his army, and his elite guard.

Alexander’s Warfare• The Phalanx Formation

Alexander’s Warfare

Alexander’s Warfare• Hoplite

o The main melee warrior of the Macedonian army.

o Worked mainly in the tight phalanx formation, creating impregnable lines that often left the enemy demoralized.

Hoplites in Action

Alexander’s Warfare• The Ballista

• Alexander has a total of 37,000 Greek and Macedonia armies, 5000 of which were cavalry.

The Conquest Begins: 334 BCE

• Alexander has a total of 37,000 Greek and Macedonia armies, 5000 of which were cavalry.

Conquests Dates• Freed Ionian Greek cities 333 BCE• Palestine, Syria, & Egypt 332 BCE• The Battle of Gaugamela 331 BCE

Conquests• For the next three years, Alexander moves

east and northeast. (Afghanistan & Pakistan)

• In 326 BCE, Alexander moves into India.o Series of a hard fought campaignsoMacedonians refuse to go any farther

Alexander and the Principles of War

• Maneuver• Mass• Surprise• Security• Objective• Economy of Force• Offensive• Unity of Command• Simplicity

The End of Alexander’s Empire

o Married Roxanna and had his men also intermarryo Adopted Eastern dress and habitso Publicly insisted upon his descent from the godso Began giving key positions to Persians.

• The Macedonians were tired of campaigning and resented the changes in Alexander’s behavior and become mutinous

• Alexander’s army returned to Babylon, where he dies in June 323 BCE of wounds, fever, and too much alcohol.

Alexander’s Legacy• The marriage of East and West• Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic

Age – A period where Greek influence could be found throughout the known world