personality and social psychology by: sky, rachel, isaac, kayla, chase, gabby, malia, and mark
TRANSCRIPT
Personality and Social PsychologyBy: Sky, Rachel, Isaac, Kayla, Chase, Gabby, Malia, and Mark
Personality Structure
Freud’s view of human personality—including its emotions and striving—arises from a conflict between our aggressive, pleasure-seeking biological impulses and the internalized social restraints against them.
3 interacting systems: Id Ego superego
ID, Ego, and Super-ego ID• Unconscious• Satisfies basic needs: survival, reproduction, and
aggression
EGO• Conscious mind• Thoughts, judgments, perceptions• Gratifies the ID’s impulses in realistic ways
Super-ego• Preconscious (outside awareness but accessible)• Strives for perfection, judging actions, and producing
positive feelings of pride, or negative feelings of guilt
Freud’s Psychosexual StagesOral (0-18 months) Pleasure centers on the mouth- sucking, biting,
chewingAnal (18-36 months) Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder
elimination, coping with demands for controlPhallic (3-6 years) Pleasure zone is the genitals coping with
incestuous sexual feelingsLatency (6 to puberty) Dormant sexual feelingsGenital (puberty on) Maturation of sexual interests
The Big Five Personality Factors
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Openness
Extraversion
Personality Biological influences
1. Genetically determined temperament2. Autonomic nervous system reactivity3. Brain activity
Psychological Influences1. Learned Responses2. Unconscious thought processes3. Optimistic or pessimistic attributional style
Social-Cultural influences1. Childhood experiences 2. Influence of the situation3. Cultural expectations4. Social support
Personality Defense Mechanisms Ego protects itself with defense mechanisms Repression-banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts and
feelings from consciousness Regression-allows us to retreat to an earlier, more
infantile stage of development Reaction formation-when the ego unconsciously makes
unacceptable impulses look like their opposite Projection-disguises threatening impulses by
attributing them to others Rationalization-occurs when we unconsciously
generate self-justifying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for our action
Displacement-diverts sexual or aggressive impulses toward an object or person that is psychologically more acceptable than the one that aroused the feeling.
Social Thinking Fundamental Attribution Theory – the
tendency to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations.
Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon – the tendency for those who complied to a small request to comply later to a larger demand.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory – theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent.
Social Influence Conformity – adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to
coincide with a group standard. Normative social influence – influence resulting from a
person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. Informational social influence – influence resulting
from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.
Social Facilitation – stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Social Loafing – tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward a common goal.
Groupthink can be prevented when a leader welcomes various opinions and invites experts’ critiques of developing plans or assigns people to identify possible problems.
Antisocial Relations Prejudice – an unjustifiable attitude toward a group
and its members. Discrimination – unjustifiable behavior towards a
group or its members. Ingroup Bias – “Us.” The tendency to favor our own
group. Outgroup– “Them” Scapegoat Theory – theory that prejudice offers an
outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Frustration-Aggression Principle – principle that
frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression.
Social Trap – a situation in which the conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
Prosocial Relations Passionate Love – intense positive absorption in
another, at the beginning of a relationship Companionate Love – deep affectionate
attachment we feel for those whose lives intertwine with ours
Self-disclosure – revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Altruism – unselfish regard for the welfare of others Mere exposure effect – phenomenon that repeated
exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Similarity – opposites attract is a myth. We often
tend to like someone similar to us. Similarity breeds content.
Our Song Lyrics
“Moves Like Jagger”There’s a man who’s names FreudHe’s doctor who had lots of toysThere’s a structure that’s totally hisIt starts with the IdBeginning with thisAnd it goes like thisThe id seeks total gratificationThe ego gratifies Id impulsesAnd the superegoIt’s the superego It makes yooooooooou have good judgment
But of course that’s not allThere are stagesThe lists not so tallIt’s a short oneIt starts with the mouth and then travels southI’ve got this figured outAnd it goes like thisFirst it starts out with only just one toothThen I learn how to use that bathroomAnd I begin to wonderWhat’s the thing down under?Now you’re fiiiiiiiiiinding sexual interests