personality disorders
DESCRIPTION
PERSONALITY DISORDERS. Alberto L. Choy MD FRCPC Psychology 344 Fall 2003 Forensic Psychology University of Toronto, Erindale. Introduction. Overview of the DSM-IV (credits to) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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PERSONALITY PERSONALITY DISORDERSDISORDERSAlberto L. Choy MD FRCPCPsychology 344Fall 2003Forensic Psychology
University of Toronto, Erindale
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IntroductionIntroduction Overview of the DSM-IV (credits to) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition Descriptions of personality disorders and
application to forensic settings
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THE MULTIAXIAL ASSESSMENTTHE MULTIAXIAL ASSESSMENT
Axis I: clinical disorders - “mental illnesses” and mental disorders
Axis II: personality disorders and mental retardation
psychologists can diagnose with the multiaxial assessment
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DIMENSIONAL MODELSDIMENSIONAL MODELS other models to describe personality maladaptive variants of personality traits -
eg: “five factor model” neuroticism, introversion vs. extroversion,
closedness vs. openess (to experience), antagonism vs. agreeableness, conscientiousness
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PERSONALITY TESTINGPERSONALITY TESTING Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI)
no “norms” between patients and normals biased towards “finding” problems
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) most widely used in forensic assessments measures that address test taking attitudes
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PERSONALITY TRAITSPERSONALITY TRAITS
an enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the world and oneself, exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts
examples: impulsivity, social anxiety, affective stability
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PERSONALITY DISORDER PERSONALITY DISORDER (1/3)(1/3)
personality traits are maladaptive and inflexible
and significant functional impairment or
subjective distress
“extremes of personality characteristics”
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PERSONALITY DISORDER PERSONALITY DISORDER (2/3)(2/3)
inner experience and behaviour deviates from cultural expectation
impairment in 2 of: cognition affectivity interpersonal functioning impulse control
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PERSONALITY DISORDER PERSONALITY DISORDER (3/3)(3/3)
inflexible and pervasive, broadly significant distress and/or function(s)
disturbance stable and life-long
NOT due to another mental disorder, substances, medical condition
“traits” vs. personality disorder
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Paranoid Personality DisorderParanoid Personality Disorder
pervasive distrust and suspiciousness sees other’s motives as malevolent criteria may include:
suspicions that they are being exploited unjustified doubts about loyalty of others closed; fear of information used against reacts angrily to perceived attack suspcious / jealous of spouse not psychotic
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Schizoid Personality DisorderSchizoid Personality Disorder
detatchment from social relationships restricted range of expressed emotions prefer being alone criteria may include:
no interest in close relationships, including family little interest in sex with others no close confidants emotional flatness
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Schizotypal Personality DisorderSchizotypal Personality Disorder discomfort with relationships odd, eccentric thoughts / behaviour criteria may include:
ideas of reference (not delusions) magical beliefs (not cultural) suspiciousness or odd / constricted affect lack of close friends social anxiety: more paranoid
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Antisocial Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others terms: psychopathy, sociopathy, dyssocial criteria may include:
impulsive behaviours (drugs, crime) lacking in remorse deceitful / conning / manipulative irritable / aggressive evidence of Conduct Disorder (before 15)
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Borderline Personality DisorderBorderline Personality Disorder
pervasive instability: self image, relationships, affect - impulsivity
criteria may include: frantic avoidance of abandonment unstable, intense interpersonal relationships impulsive behaviour marked reactivity of mood / rage / emptiness recurrent self-harm/suicide
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Histrionic Personality DisorderHistrionic Personality Disorder excessive emotionality and attention seeking
behaviour criteria include:
flamboyant appearance / behaviour superficial, rapidly shifting emotions suggestible believes relationships are deeper than they really are seductive or provocative, socially
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Narcissistic Personality DisorderNarcissistic Personality Disorder grandiosity, need for admiration, lacking in empathy criteria may include:
solely self-involved: “no.1”, entitled derogatory to others, for himself grandiose, self important, may exaggerate believes he is “special” / high status associates lacks empathy interpersonally exploitive
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Avoidant Personality DisorderAvoidant Personality Disorder social inhibition / anxiety and feelings of
inadequacy criteria may include:
marked social anxiety / avoids contact strong wish for relationships restraint in relationships: fear of shame sees self as inept, unappealing, inferior avoids risk, especially of embarrassment
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Dependent Personality DisorderDependent Personality Disorder excessive need to be taken care of submissive, clingy criteria may include:
fear of separation / abandonment will do unpleasant things to obtain nurturance unable to decide without excessive advice / reassurance will not express disagreement urgent relationship seeker: to be taken care of
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality DisorderObsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
preoccupation with detail, order, control at the expense of openness, efficiency criteria may include:
excessive: rules, details, lists, organization perfectionism, but too slow / stubborness “workaholic” without friends / leisure inflexible, scrupulous: morals, ethics may not throw things out will not delegate tasks
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Personality Disorder Not Otherwise SpecifiedPersonality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified mixed traits dysfunction
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APPLICATIONAPPLICATION CRIME CIVIL / DISABILITY ADAPTIVE ASPECTS
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CRIMECRIME murder serial murder / group murder
cults sex
mutilation assaults fraud / robbery domestic violence harrassment
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CIVILCIVIL
disability malingering in disability
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ComorbidityComorbidity
Major mental illness
substance use / abuse
psychopathy