Personalized MedicineA Dream or Reality??

Flow of Presentation

Why need personalized medicine?

What’s Pharmacogenomics?

Genetics and Therapeutics

On Going Research

Future Insights

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One Size Doesn’t Fit All..

Every year in the USA 2 million people die due

to adverse drug effects

Drug efficacy is only in 60 % of the

population

Other 40 % have poor drug effects or no

effect at all

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4What to Do??

The answer is.. Pharmacogenomics

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Pharmecogenomics and Pharmecogenetics

Pharmacogenetics

— A discrete inherited trait related to drug absorption and disposition, as well as response

Pharmacogenomics

— The application of genome-wide SNP scans and gene expression analyses

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Pharmacogenomics shows how genes determine

individual variability to drug response and for

Pharmacists it would be easy to predict how a

patient may respond to drug, with the help of a

genetic test before prescribing a drug

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Importance !!

Made-to-Order

Drugs

Drug Response..

Same dose does not produce the same concentrations

among patients due to inter-patient differences in

absorption and metabolism

Toxicity: Ability of a drug to make a person sick

Genetic variations have influence on efficacy and toxicity of drugs

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Drugs Effectson Variants

9… and harmful to some

Human Genome Diversity

0.1% difference in genome influences the response to

drugs SNPs

SNPs are powerful Tools

SNPs screening will help in prescription

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“Right drug at the right dose in the right patient”

What Makes it Possible?

Human genome sequencing

New technologies facilitate

handling of data

A lot of investment in public and

private sector

The future of medicine – so called

Personalized Medicine

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Ongoing Research on CYP

Cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes

Important drug metabolozing enzymes

Bioactivation and metabolism of approximately 75% of

drugs gives CYPs prominence in pharmacogenetics

research

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Here’s My Sequence ...

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More Business in Future..

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$ Develop new therapies

Incorporation of genetic information into the

diagnosis of disease and prescription of

drugs

IdeaIdea

11-15 Years11-15 Years

Marketed DrugMarketed Drug

The route to a new medicine … is a long one

… and an expensive one !!

It costs >$800 million to get a drug to market

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Pre-screening should allow clinical trials to be smaller, faster, and less expensive; therefore, the consumer could benefit in reduced drug costs.

In today's world, only 30-60% of drugs work effectively.

However, in future the success rate of drugs will increase to

100%, curing all patients.

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S M A R T C A R D

(Confidential)

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In your wallet May be by 2050..

Bioethics

 

Unequal distribution of

resources

Invasion of medical privacy

Discrimination due to the

involvement of genetic tests

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Bottom Line !!

The field of Pharmacogenomics is rapidly

evolving and it shows how drugs work in

different patients Pharmacogenomic approaches have the

potential to provide clinical benefits It will help in pharmaceutical industry in

future

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