perspectives on teaching, learning and technology
TRANSCRIPT
Perspectives on Teaching, Learning
and TechnologyNavigating the mystique of
educational paradigms, theories and models
Behaviorism
Cog
nitiv
ism
Cognitive ConstructivismSocioculturalism
Historicism Situativity
Postpositivism
Idealism
Interpretivism
Constructivism
Ideo
logy
InterpretivismE
pist
emol
ogy
Skinner
Vygotsky
Piaget
Objectivism
Rea
lism
RelativismT
heor
yR
atio
nalis
m
Ausubel
Crit
ical
The
ory
Paradigm
The Basics
• Paradigm – a set of concepts, values, and assumptions that directs the thought processes of a community
• Theory – an idea or concept that is proposed based on previous knowledge
Philosophical Perspectives
Objectivism
Pragm
atism
Rel
ativ
ismIdealismEmpiricism
Rationalism
Realism
Psychological Perspectives
Behaviorism
Sociocultural/H
istoricism
ConstructivismSituativity
Cognitivism
A Focus on Paradigms
Objectivism
Constructivism
Ecl
ectic
ism
A Focus on Theories
ObjectivismBehaviorism
A Focus on Theories
Behaviorism
Operant ConditioningR
espondent Learning
Observational Learning
Behaviorists focus on conditioning behaviors to elicit responses(Orenstein & Hunkins, 2004, p101).
Skinner
A Focus on Models
Respondent Learning
Respondent Learning, or classical conditioning, is the idea that a neutral stimulus can elicit a positive response through association with positive reinforcement.
A Focus on Models
Operant Conditioning
A behavior that is reinforced, becomes more frequent. Skinner
A Focus on Practice
Direct Instruction
Computer Assisted Instruction
Personalized System of Instruction
Operant ConditioningP
rogramm
ed Instruction
A Focus on Paradigms
Objectivism
Constructivism
Ecl
ectic
ism
A Focus on Theories
Objectivism
Constructivism
Cognitivism
A Focus on Theories
CognitivismCognitivists focus on organization of human thought and how this organization facilitates learning.
Piaget
Gestalt Perspective
Information Processing Theory
Schem
a Theory
A Focus on Models
Piaget
Children organize knowledge based on experience through assimilation and accommodation.
A Focus on Models
Gestalt Perspective
Individuals respond to the organization of multiple stimuli.
A Focus on Models
Schem
a Theory
Our long-term memory organizes information in a more abstract manner than our short-term memory.
A Focus on Paradigms
Objectivism
Constructivism
Ecl
ectic
ism
A Focus on Paradigms
Constructivism
A Focus on Theories
Constructivism
Vygotsky
Collaborative Learning
Constructivists believe that humans construct new knowledge based on their own experiences.
Anchored Instruction
Driscoll
A Focus on PracticeA
nchored Instruction
Media can be used to anchor the construction of knowledge by creating a complex learning environment.
A Focus on Models
Vygotsky
Children make mental connections based on their interactions with adults.
A Focus on Practice
Collaborative Learning
Collaboration is used in most classrooms today to encourage students to participate in constructive problem-solving, discussions, and inquiry.
A Focus on Paradigms
Objectivism
Constructivism
Ecl
ectic
ism
A Focus on Paradigms
Ecl
ectic
ism
Behaviorism
Cog
nitiv
ism
Historicism Situativity
Postpositivism
Idealism
Interpretivism
Constructivism
Ideo
logy
InterpretivismE
pist
emol
ogy
Skinner
Vygotsky
Piaget
Objectivism
Rea
lism
RelativismT
heor
yR
atio
nalis
m
Ausubel
Crit
ical
The
ory
Paradigm Ecl
ectic
ism