perspektiven für das m-working 5.10.2005 wienuser.medunigraz.at/andreas.holzinger/holzinger/papers...
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5.10.05 Wien
Welcome
Univ.-Doz.Ing.Mag.Mag.Dr. Andreas Holzinger
www.basiswissen-multimedia.at
Perspektiven für das m-Working5.10.2005 Wien
5.10.05 Wien
5.10.05 Wien
Andreas Holzinger
Affiliation
Univ.-Doz. am Inst. für med. Informatik, Statistik und Dokumentation (IMI)
Gast-Prof. am Inst. für Softwaretechnik und Interaktive Systeme (IFS)
Leiter des OCG-Arbeitskreises HCI&UE
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1 University Hospital + 21 General Hospitals
Styria 1.200.000
Hospitals 21Beds ca. 6.900Inpatients 250.000/yearPhysicians approx. 1850Total staff approx 14.700
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Is one of the biggest Hospitals in Europe …
Medical faculty, founded in 1782, combined with the University Hospital Graz 2.300 beds
Work area …
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... my personal motto ...
"The old computing is about what computers can do; The new computing is about what people can do"
Shneiderman (2002)
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Hardware
Software Application
www.basiswissen-it.at
Reading …
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www.basiswissen-multimedia.at
… more reading …
Human ̶ Computer
Human
Computer
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Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) & Usability Engineering (UE)
Humans
TechnologyTasks
Design
"HCI&UE"
Holzinger (2004), Holzinger (2005)
AK HCI&UE: http://www.ocg.at/ueber-uns/arbeitskreise/usability/index.html
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Why is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)and Usability Engineering (UE) important … Example Health Care!
The necessity of HCI&UE
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One jumbo jet crash every day
Annual Death Rates in US (1999)
Philadelphia Enquirer (9/12/99)
3290
50000
100000
150000
commericalaviation deaths
3959
drowning deaths
14986
deaths from falls
43649
motor vehicledeaths
120000
deaths frommedical errors
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At a medical convention some years ago an upper body X-ray was displayed near the registration desk. The doctors were asked to “diagnose the ailment from the X-ray, and place your answers in the contest box”.Because of the focus on the chest, almost all answers suggested almost every know lung ailment/disease.Only one doctor discovered the correct diagnosis: A broken left arm…
Karr (2002)
Focus is always important !
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Workflows in Health Care
Medical people are highly nomadic workers Complex, hectic, ad-hoc, interrupted, collaborativeClinical workload versus Inefficiencies in workflow, I & C
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"Clinicians are very busy and under constant pressure to perform. They will NOT change their behavior, unless the new workflow is clearly more efficient on a personal and individual level"
Sullivan (2002), Holzinger & Errath (2004)
A challenge for Software Engineers
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[email protected] IMIBuxton (2001), Marcus (2004)
Complexity! Technical knowledge required, regular software installation, updates & maintenance, usability of hardware, software & manuals, loads of unwanted features, crashes, ...
Ζ∈≥= fff
nnn
u ,11
Complexity as a barrier …
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Disappearing Technology
The most profound technologies are those that disappear(Weiser, 1991)Only when things disappear are we freed to use them without thinking about them(Abowd & Mynatt, 2000)
Mark Weiser (1952-1999)
http://www-sul.stanford.edu/weiser
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End-User 1959 (IBM 7030)
Bloch (1959), http://archive.computerhistory.org/stretch
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End-User XXXX …
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[email protected] IMIBloch (1959), http://archive.computerhistory.org/stretch
Differences?
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The future is mobile … (Best practice example)
http://drei.fh-joanneum.at/mle/start.php
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Meisenberger (2004)
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Mobile Interactive Learning Objects MILOs …
Holzinger, Nischelwitzer, Meisenberger (2005)
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Example: Randomizer
Holzinger & Errath (2004)
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bai wen bu ru yi jianSeeing it once is better than being told 100 times (Zhou Chongguo, Han Dynasty) or, A picture is worth ten thousand words Barnard (1927), often misquoted asan old Chinese proverb.
http://www.chinapage.com/quote/quote.html
Pictures on peephole displays
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Elliot Soloway:"A picture is worth a thousand words?"
BTW:
"As long as computer labs are down the hallway and up the stairs, teachers will consider them irrelevant to learning and teaching. Handheld Devices are Ready-at-Hand !" Soloway et al. (2002)
Picture from http://www.interaction-design.org
Elliot Soloway
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Screens
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Why Speech?
“Speech is the ultimate, ubiquitous interface. It is how we should be able to interact with computers...Speaking is the most natural and universal method of communication between people. The aim of speech systems is to extend that communication modality to interaction with machines”
Markowitz (1996)
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107.97Hand written report30.32Dictation to Tape
139.02Speech Recognition
Mean Value (s)
Holzinger, Ackerl, Searle, Sorantin (2004)
Speech-to-Text
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Text-to-speech (Audio Example)
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Added Value (Benefit Example from Health Care)
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text-to-speech engines tested
An open source speech synthesizer, developed in Java: http://freetts.sourceforge.net/docs/index.phpMBROLA Speechsyntheszier (not opensource, but free of charge): http://tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/mbrola.htmlOpen Source Speech Recognition Software, developed completely inJava (originally from IBM): http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinxSayzMe TTS Engine (open source): http://sayzme.sourceforge.net/Microsoft Agent and TTS Engine (free of charge for non commercial use): http://www.microsoft.com/msagent/downloads/user.aspVoxx open source speech recognition and TTS: http://voxxopensource.sourceforge.net/A TTS for mobile devices: SVOX Mobile (für Symbian OS, WindowsCE) http://www.svox.com/site/pro448697/svo392819/svo358745754.asp?osLang=2
Nischelwitzer, Meisenberger, Holzinger (2005)
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Future: Multi-modal User Interface
StylusStylus
SpeechSpeech
SpeechSpeech
GraphicsGraphicsTextText
AudioAudio
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Adaptation Levels
Level 1: Location Adaptation (relative or absolute (e.g. GPS position etc.)Level 2: Hardware Adaptation (Device Conversion); andLevel 2 User Adaptation (User Conversion)
Holzinger, Nischelwitzer, Breiteneder (2005)
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Level 1: Location Adaptation
End-user tracked via GPSSalient locations automatically determinedLatitude/longitude translated to virtual locationTo-do list associated (site specific or shared)Select user interface structure for the currentinteractionLocation information used to select userinterface structure for the current interactionContext Awareness
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Level 2: Hardware Adaptation
Connectivity for different device types (Automatic rendering)Support different user interface structures Device type detection and related content adaptationVoice/data switching and synchronization
Bluetooth/WLAN/GPRS/UMTS
GPRS/UMTSGSM/GPRS
PocketPCapplication
Symbianapplication
WAP/MMS
PDASmart-phone
Low-endphone
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-> Pervasive m-Working …
Holzinger & Nischelwitzer (2005)
Absolute Device independence enables pervasive m-Working
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What about engineers on the building site?
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A mobile phone is always at hand …
Holzinger & Ebner (2005)
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And students can see both: sim. & real life
Holzinger & Ebner (2005)
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Medicine versus Civil Engineering
Similar to medical personnel, civil engineers are a highly mobile end-user groupWe could develop our applications User-centered due to long experience available in Human-Centered Design – especially in the medical application areaConsequently, our first field studies showed that the mobile part of our application is an added value for the end-users
Holzinger & Ebner (2005)
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Flash Lite
Technically, apart from some minor problems, Flash Lite worked well on our protoypesHowever, the mobile solution cannot be the 1:1 transformation of the main applicationHuman-Centred aspects must always be taken into consideration!
Holzinger & Ebner (2005)
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Visual VoiceText Graphical
Multimodal(Graphical+Voice)
IMSMSWAP
CallCenter
“Mobile Info” from the end-user perspective is the ability to access the same content and
information anywhere, anytime, by any method...
HumanMachine
WebIVR
Automated Speech
It’s not just about visual delivery of applications
Low HighBandwidth
High Low Low
Delivery Method
Web
-> Cross Media – X-Media – Pervasive Media
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Level 3: User Adaptation
Holzinger & Nischelwitzer (2005)
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The future …
Holzinger & Nischelwitzer (2005)
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How to achieve good usability
But how to we achieve good usability – which is of vital importance for the acceptance amongst end-users in every field of application???
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Field studiesEvaluatereal life
PaperMock-up
Thinking aloud
Usability inspection
Low-fiDesign
Prototype
Thinking aloud
Usabilitytesting
Hi-fi Design
Implement
User studies, function tests
Evaluate
Develop
Identification of end-users
Specs
Contextualinquiry
Analysis
TaskAnalysis
Objectives
How can we achieve Usability …
cf. ISO, Holzinger (2004), Holzinger (2005)
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Low-Fi – High Fi Prototyping
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Hi-Fi Prototyping
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Holzinger (2004)
Success snail
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[email protected] IMIHolzinger, Errath, Searle, Thurnher, Slany (2005)
A challenging possibility …
… make the success snails as small as possible
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Challenges of the Future for Austrian Companies
Information Management & Knowledge Management
Solving Problems by using ICT
Concentrating on the End-user
Benefits (MEHRWERTE!)
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8.November 2005 in Wien
Unser Ziel ist es,
Software-MENSCHEN und Usability-MENSCHEN
zusammenzubringen.
Unser Motto lautet:
Heute GEMEINSAM für bessere Software von morgen!
Ein Wort dazu ist entscheidend: MEHRWERTE!AK HCI&UE: http://www.ocg.at/ueber-uns/arbeitskreise/usability
Symposium: http://www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/usab-symposium
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Thank you!