pertemuan 9-biological processing...
TRANSCRIPT
Bio
log
ica
l p
roce
ssin
g
An
ura
ga
Ja
ya
ne
ga
ra
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Ou
tlin
e
A.
Sil
ag
e
B.
Fu
ng
al
tre
atm
en
t
C.
Ye
ast
tre
atm
en
t
D.
Ba
cte
ria
l tr
ea
tme
nt
E.
En
zym
e t
rea
tme
nt
F.
Pro
bio
tics
an
d p
reb
ioti
cs
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
A.
Sil
ag
e
Sil
ag
e i
s fo
rag
e c
on
serv
ed
by
an
ae
rob
ic f
erm
en
tati
on
Wh
at
is o
ccu
rrin
g d
uri
ng
en
sili
ng
:
-P
lan
t m
ate
ria
l is
ch
op
pe
d a
nd
pa
cke
d i
nto
a s
ilo
to
exc
lud
e o
xyg
en
-T
he
re
spir
ing
pla
nt
cell
s u
se u
p t
he
exi
stin
g o
xyg
en
an
d t
he
n d
ie
-P
roli
fera
tio
n o
f la
ctic
aci
d-p
rod
uci
ng
an
ae
rob
ic b
act
eri
a
-F
erm
en
tati
on
co
nti
nu
es
un
til
the
acc
um
ula
tio
n o
f la
ctic
aci
d d
ep
ress
es
the
pH
to
ap
pro
xim
ate
ly 4
-F
urt
he
r b
act
eri
al
gro
wth
is
inh
ibit
ed
, th
e s
ila
ge
is
sta
bil
ize
d
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Ho
w t
o p
rod
uce
a g
oo
d q
ua
lity
sil
ag
e?
-S
uff
icie
nt
po
pu
lati
on
of
lact
ic a
cid
ba
cte
ria
-C
on
tain
su
ffic
ien
t fe
rme
nta
ble
ca
rbo
hy
dra
te -
-> i
t m
igh
t b
e n
ece
ssa
ry t
o
ad
d g
rain
or
mo
lass
es
as
a s
ou
rce
of
sub
stra
te f
or
ferm
en
tati
on
-Le
gu
me
s h
av
e a
hig
he
r b
uff
eri
ng
ca
pa
city
th
an
gra
sse
s --
> r
eq
uir
e a
hig
he
r le
ve
l o
f so
lub
le c
arb
oh
yd
rate
-O
pti
mu
m w
ate
r so
lub
le c
arb
oh
yd
rate
(W
SC
) co
nte
nt:
3 –
5%
DM
-O
pti
mu
m m
ois
ture
co
nte
nt
-->
dry
ma
tte
r b
etw
ee
n 2
5 t
o 3
5%
-Lo
w m
ois
ture
ma
teri
al
-->
exc
lusi
on
of
oxy
ge
n i
s d
iffi
cult
; m
old
ing
an
d
he
ati
ng
ma
y o
ccu
r
-H
igh
mo
istu
re m
ate
ria
l --
> p
utr
efa
ctio
n -
-> Clostridia
ferm
en
tati
on
pro
du
cin
g l
arg
e a
mo
un
ts o
f b
uty
ric
aci
d a
nd
off
en
siv
e-s
me
llin
g a
min
es
such
as
try
pta
min
e a
nd
his
tam
ine
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Ma
in c
rop
s u
se f
or
sila
ge
:
-G
rass
es
-Le
gu
me
s
-F
ield
co
rn
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Sil
ag
e a
dd
itiv
es:
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Lact
ic a
cid
ba
cte
ria
-A
gro
up
of
ba
cte
ria
th
at
pro
du
ce l
act
ic a
cid
-G
row
at
pH
aro
un
d 4
.0 –
6.8
-->
ce
rta
in s
pe
cie
s ca
n b
e
do
wn
to
pH
3.5
-T
em
pe
ratu
re b
etw
ee
n 5
–5
0oC
-->
op
tim
um
of
ma
ny
spe
cie
s is
aro
un
d 3
0oC
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Lact
ate
sil
ag
e:
-La
ctic
aci
d b
act
eri
a d
om
ina
te t
he
fe
rme
nta
tio
n p
roce
ss
-Lo
w p
H -
-> t
yp
ica
lly
be
twe
en
3.7
–4
.2
-H
igh
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
of
lact
ic a
cid
/la
cta
te (
8 –
12
%)
-Lo
w f
orm
ate
, a
ceta
te,
pro
pio
na
te a
nd
bu
tyra
te
-M
ay
co
nta
in m
an
nit
ol
an
d e
tha
no
l --
> h
ete
rofe
rme
nta
tiv
e
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Ace
tate
sil
ag
e:
-U
nd
er
cert
ain
co
nd
itio
n,
ace
tate
ma
y d
om
ina
te t
he
fe
rme
nta
tio
n
-T
he
pro
ba
bil
ity
is
hig
he
r in
th
e s
ila
ge
ma
de
fro
m t
rop
ica
l g
rass
es
vs
tem
pe
rate
gra
sse
s
-Lo
w l
act
ate
-H
igh
ace
tate
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Bu
tyra
te s
ila
ge
:
-p
H i
s n
ot
low
en
ou
gh
-->
sa
cch
aro
lyti
c Clostridia
de
ve
lop
me
nt
-->
ferm
en
tin
g l
act
ate
an
d t
he
re
ma
inin
g W
SC
in
to b
uty
rate
-->
ev
en
hig
he
r
pH
-->
pro
teo
lyti
c Clostridia
de
ve
lop
me
nt
-->
pro
du
cin
g a
mm
on
ia
-Clostridia
gro
ws
at
hig
h m
ois
ture
co
nte
nt
(DM
aro
un
d 1
5%
)
-Lo
w W
SC
an
d h
igh
bu
ffe
rin
g c
ap
aci
ty s
up
po
rt t
he
gro
wth
of Clostridia
-p
H o
f b
uty
rate
sil
ag
e:
5 –
6
-Lo
w l
act
ate
-Lo
ss o
f n
utr
ien
ts d
ue
to
co
nv
ers
ion
in
to C
O2,
H2
an
d N
H3
-U
np
ala
tab
le t
o t
he
an
ima
ls -
-> n
eg
ati
ve
co
rre
lati
on
be
twe
en
DM
in
tak
e
an
d N
-am
mo
nia
pro
du
ced
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy
Than
k yo
u fo
r yo
ur attention!
Than
k yo
u fo
r yo
ur attention!
“Impian kita kemarin adalah
kenyataan hari ini, dan impian kita
hari ini adalah kenyataan hari esok“
De
pa
rtm
en
t o
f N
utr
itio
n a
nd
Fe
ed
Te
chn
olo
gy