Pesticide ApplicatorReport ffi

A Quarterlv Publication for Vermont Pesticide ApplicatorsVolume 3 lssues 1&2 Julv'2001

In This lssue:

lr.News from the Vermont Department ofAgriculture, Plant Industry DivisionPages 1 - 2

ar.News from the University of Vermont, CooperativeExtension ServicePage 3

ll Pesticide News and Product UpdatePage 4

.r Steps for Reducing the Risks of West Nile VirusPage5-o

ar.lntegrated Pest Management and AdvancedTechnologyPageT-9

lr.Department of Agriculture and CooperativeExtension ContactsPage '10

ar Home Study QuizPage 1 1

Visit the Department of Agriculture WebPage

The Department of Agriculture Web Page has a newfeature that will make accessing web page informationmuch easier. Visit us at www.state.vt.us/aqric/ and selectthe "alphabetical subject listing" f or a list of all web page

topics. You can downloadpesticide usage report forms, get acopy of the state's pesticideregulations, learn more aboutintegrated pest management (l PM),and find out what courses areavailable for recerti{ication credits!

The Pesticide ApplicatorReport

Returns!

After a lengthy hiatus, the quarterlyproduction of the Pesticide Applicator Report hasresumed. A change in staffing forced a temporaryshutdown of the nevrsletter, but the Department remainscommitted to providing Vermont's pesticide applicatorswith helpful regulatory and industry-related informationthat will help you in your day-to-day pesticide applicationactivities. The Report remains a collaborative effortbeiween the Vermont Department of Agriculture, Foodand lvlarkets and the University of Vermont, CooperativeExtension Service.

The editor of this newsletter is Wendy Anderson, PestManagement Education Coordinator. Direct anycomments you may have io her by calling 8A2-BZ8-3475,or writing to the Vermont Department of Agriculture.

Pesticide Applicator CertificateRenewals

The Department is still receiving numerous calls fromprivate and commercial applicators who are faced with theneed to apply pesticides and realize, a bit too late, thatthey have not renewed their applicator certificates.Remember, if you are out making an application with anexpired applicator certificate, you are in violation of thelaw and are subject to fines. All company licenses mustalso be renewed in order for company employees to beissued commercial certificates. lf you have misplacedyour renewal paperwork, please call Wendy Anderson at828-3475 and you will be sent the appropriate forms to f illouI.

Page 2 Pesticide Applicator Report

lr{ews from the Dep&rtment a,f Agriculture,

Are You Certified to Perform lVlosquitoControl?

With the growing concern over West NileVirus, many commercial applicators willbe getting requests f rom concernedhomeowners to perform mosquito controlapplications this Summer. But, be aware!

lf you do not hold a pesticide applicator certification in

category 7b (Mosquito and Biting Fly) you are not legallyauthorized to per{orm mosquito control applications. lfyou are interested in adding mosquito control to your list

of services offered, call Wendy Anderson at 828'3475.

Vermont Waste Pesticide DisPosalProgram

The Vermont Waste Pesticide DisposalProgram provides pesticide users andapplicators with a means to dispose ofcanceled, suspended, or unwanted pesticideproducts. The program is free of charge to allVermont residents, {armers and businesses.Collections take place during usual HouseholdHazardous Waste Collection Days run byVermont's local solid wasie districts. You can eithercontact you local solid waste district for collection dates,or view our website athttp:/iwww.state.vt.usiaqric/wastepest.htm. Since theprogram began in 1996, 59,533 pounds of unwantedpesticides have been collected!

Looking for Reliable PesticideInformation? Try NPTN

The National Pesticide Telecommunications Network(NPTN) operates out of Oregon State University as acooperative project between the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) and the University. NPTN's mission is ioserve as a source of objective, science-based informationon pesticides and related subjects, including recognitionand management of peslicide poisonings, toxicology andenvironmental chemistry. NPTN also provides referralsfor laboratory analysis, emergency treatments, safetypractices, health and environmental effects, and clean-upand disposal.

Plant Industrv Division

NPTN is a good place to go i-:r'i/clu ai-rri your c,.istomers.They operate seven days a '"veeK, exciuding holitJays,from 9:30 ,4M to 7:30 PM. NPTI\! can Lre i"eached byi

phone at 1-800-858-7378, or by F-maii a1

nr:ln@ace.orst.edu. You can also visit their lveb slte athttp:l/ace.orst. ed u/inf olr:pini,

Pesticide Regulations UndergoingRevision

The Vermont Regulations for the Control of Pesiicides areundergoing a long-awaited revision. A draft of ihe revisedregulaiions is available lor viewing and downloading onthe Department of Agriculture web page.

Some proposed regulatory changes rnciuce:

= (lhannes tn thc rocorrl kpori-r 'pnliremerits fOf

certiJied appl icators.

'e The addition of a "Worker Protection Standard Traine/'category of certified applicator.e Record keeping requirements forthe Worker ProtectionStandard.e Changes to ihe standards of operaiion ieratlrg io theapplication of pesticides.e Addition of a requirement for applicators tc ca'-, abelsfor any and all pesticide concentrations or cjilt,: c's oeingtransported over public highways.e Requirements for the posting of indoor use c* iotalrelease aerosols and space sprays.

Changes in Personnel? Let Us Know!

Pesticide applicator companies need to supply iheDepartment with a iist of all the certified commercialapplicators they employ. This is initralll, done whenapplying for a company license" However, we know thatcompanies are going to have a turnover of personnel f romtime to time, so companies are also required to notify theDepartment within 30 days of hiring a new applicator orterminating the employment of an applicator. Similarly,when non-commercial and commercial applicators changeemployers, the Department must be notified within 30

days ol the name and address of the new employer.

Remember - companies are still required to report thepesticide usage of ALL applicators ernployed by them in

a given year, regardless of whether they have beenterminated during that year.

I/ews From the {lniversity af Vermont,Coop erativ e Extension S ervic e

New Fact Sheets on LakeFriendly Gardening Awareness

By Jurij Homziak, Watershed Management Specialist,UVM Extension

From the blue expanses of Lake Champlain to thequiet waters of the many smaller iakes andponds, lake waters are the heart of our region. Tohelp protect these waters, UVM Extension'sMaster Gardener program, with LakeChamplain Sea Grant support, ismaking sure local residents are awareof Lake Friendly Gardening. LakeFriendly Gardening promotes thefollowing landscaping principles:

ae, Use Low Inputar, Water Efficientlyar, Fertilize Appropriatelyar, Control Erosion;r l,,4anage Pests & Diseases Responsiblyar Recycle Yard & Household Wastesa Reduce Nonpoint Source Pollutionar Attract Birds and Provide for Wildlifear Protect the Watershed

This outreach education effort is forresidents and others involved inplanning, designing, installing, andmaintaining private and publiclandscapes. The core of the programis a series of 12 information bulletins,with tips and "how to" advice on low

impact gardening, lawn care and landscaping forthe homeowner.

These bulletins are available for free on the weoat http ://ctr. uvm.ed u/ctrle lecpubs. htm, or th ey canbe purchased from UVM. Contact SheriBissonnette, Publications Distribution Officer

Grant enlisted the UVM Extension MasterGardener program to review and revise theinformation to adapt it to the needs of gardeners,homeowners and other residents in the LakeChamplain basin and Vermont.

Since Lake Friendly gardening made its debut atthe Burlington Flower Show in early March, theUVM Master Gardeners have been active ingetting the word out to homeowners, gardeners,

residential property managers andothers, such as neighborhood planningassociations and volunteerorganizations. Making entireneighborhoods aware of lake friendlyactivities, such as low input lawn care,is an important way to translateawareness into action. Sea Grant,UVM Extension Specialists and theMaster Garden program are workingwith the Burlington Public Works andBurlington School District staff to have

a iow input lawn care demonstration underwaythis spring on the grounds of the ChamplainElementary School on Pine Street in Burlinoron.

In addition to increasing awareness aboutpollution prevention and water quality protection,the Lake Friendly Gardening program also raisesawareness of important related issues such asbackyard solid waste, soil erosion and plant andwildlife conservation. Not only does the educationprogram help homeowners protect lakeresources, it also assists Vermont and Basinmunicipalities meet the requirements of the USEPA storm water rules to reduce non point sourcepollution from urban runoff and discharoes. Bvgetting residents to

(Phone: 656-0298;sheri.bissonnette @ uvm.edu).

oecome aware andinvolved in maintaininggood water quality, wehelp to preserve thequality of life and promotesustainable developmentof the lake basins in ourregion.

6rA \'-2,?7\, \

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E-mail:

What began as a local initiative on the west coasryears ago ls now a very successful nation wideeffort supported by state Extension and coastalSea Grant programs. lt first appeared in theLake Champlain region a few years ago, as anEssex Co., NY reprint of a NY Sea Grant GreatLakes program publication. Lake Champlain Sea f Master Gardener Hofline - 800-639-2290

Pesticide Product UBdates

As the Environmeniai Protection Agency continues toconduct extensive reviews of tne potential hazards ofvarious ;lesticides under the Food Quality Protectior-rAct, we will continue to see product canceliatlons,

elimination of various use patterns, and*\ / ./ rovicorl lahqling reqUifementS. BeIOW are

ffft t"*" "t

rf.r" most recent pesticide registratton' cnanEes.

ss Diazinon

. 12!3'112002 - Retailers must stop the sale of products,containing diazinon, intended for indoor uses.. '1213112004 - Dealers must cease the sale of producisintended for outdoor, non-agricultural uses (such ashome lawn and garden).. EPA is also proposing to cancel a numbercf agricuitural uses. Diazinon is currentlyregistered for use on more than 64 differentfood crops.

's Chlorpyrifos

. 1U3112000 - Post-oioom applications or aDc es arouse on tomatoes lriere canceled. The toierance {orgrapes was lowered resulting in lower application rates.All other products intended for agricultural use were re-classified as restricted use or packaged in largercontainers and all labeling was revised to bear newrestricled entry intervals.a 1213112AA1 - Retailers must cease the sale ofproducts intended for: crack and crevice treatments inthe home; home lawn and other home ouldoor uses;whole-house, post-construction termiticide use; and,use in non-residential indoor and outdoor areas wherechildren could be exposed (schools, day care centers,parKs).I A number of uses will be allowed to continue withrevised product iabeling. These include use on outdooi'areas such as golf courses, road medians and industrialplant sites, where children are not likely to be exposed,and public health uses for fire ant mounds and mosquitocontrol. Residential use of containerized baits will alsobe allowed to continue.r Registered chemical alternatives for Chlorpyrlfos canbe found on EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs website at: http://www. epa. govlpesticides/op/ch lorpvrif oslalternatives.htm.

Pesticide tr{ews ilnd Froduct {-ipdutes

s.P- EthVB paretliisri

o Registered usas of ihe prc;rj:-:*t iriciur.ie: aifalia; baliey:corn; cotton; canola; soi'ghum, sr:yb*an: suiifiower; ancl,wheat.o B/31 120C3 - Deaiers rnusl ceasr ali saiesand distribution of ethyi paraihion produciso "10i31i2003 - Use of a!i of rrurchasedproducts containing ethyl parathicnmust cease.

Pest ldentification on the Webr

' lt's essential to use pest control methods appropriate foryour plants, region anC poiential pests. A search enginedeveloped by Chio State University allor,rrs you to enteryour crop or plant andior pest names. and select yourregion. The search will generate a list of on-lineExtension fact sheets from more than 200,000 on file.To access this unique resource go tohttp://plantf acts.oh io-state.edu/.

Pest Flesistance Checklist

lf you've been usirrg the same pesricrde season afterseason, year aftei'year, you may have encountered pesiresistance. This cneckiist lvill give you some tocls to helpyou delay resisiance io a particular pesiicide.

y' Alternate products. For example, if you use a certainorganophosphate, choose a product f rom a different class,such as a biooesticide or an insect gr'91'r,,1n regulator'.

r' Mix products '.',ne: re'ri'r,ec. lF ..:e lacei andmanuf acturer s ,ns:r';ci:o.rs a c'..,. - x irvo or moreproducts v,'itn differeni r-nodes of aciicr.r' Treat only when absolutely necessary.y' "Spo!" spray. Treat only locarizeo areas rr'here pestnumbers are above the "action threshoiC.

(Source: IPM Sotutions. December 1g99. produced byGEMPLER'S, Inc., web sile: http:i/www

i, -:::..:t:a..:: .,..";',tljt: t,. r..:):: ..,;.,t:},;;r.t.::t.:.:.:,t:...a2

steps for Reducing the Risks of west lyite virus

Vermont was very fortunate lastyear In regard to West Nile virus(WNtI) with its first and ontv: conf irmed case coming in

September when a deacl Hermit Thrush found inFuiney tested positive for the potentially deadlyvirus. There have been no positive casesreported in Vermcnt so far this year,'but two deadcrows found in New Jersey have tested positive.Education and prevention are critical in dealingwith West Niie virus. While there is no vaccine,there is a lot that can be done to prevent itsintroduction.

2000 West Nile Virus Surnmary

o The total number of human cases was 21,including two deaths; an 82 year-old man fromPassaic County, NJ, and an 87 year-old womanfrom Kings County, NY.o Six wild mammals were classified as WNV-oositive.o A total of 4,323 birds were documenteo asinfected with wNV in 12 States plus the District ofColurn bia.o The total number of sentinel birds confirmed asWNV-positive was six, all chickens, in NewJersey and New York.o There were 481 WNV-positive mosquito poolsdetected in 5 states.o There were a total of 60 equine cases of clinicalillness due to infection with WNV confirmed bythe U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal andPlant Health Inspection Service (USDA/APHlS)during the year 2000 in ihe United States. Of the60 ill horses, 37 survived and 2g (38/") died orwere euthanized. Horses ranged in age from 4months to 38 years, with an average age of 14.0years" Thirty-six cases occurred in male horsesand 24 in females. Seven different states hadequine cases.

About West Nile Virus

West Nile virus is a vector-borne virus that wasrecognized in the Western Hemisphere for thef irst time in 1999. Invertebrate vectors, such asmosquitoes, circulate the virus among wild birds.Occasionally the virus is introduced into othervertebrate populations, such as humans orhorses, that serve as incidental hosts. lncidentalhosts are infected animals that do not pass thevirus on to vectors.

The only vectors found to be associated with theinitial WNV outbreak in New york, New.Jersey,and Connecticut were mosquitoes. Severalspecies of mosquitoes were found positive forWNV, including Cutex spp., especially Cutexpipiens, and Aedes vexans. No evidence hasbeen found which suggests that any invertebratevectors other than mosquitoes are associatedwith the transmission of WNV.

Prevention practices

The key to protecting human health andpreventing or controlling f uture outbreaks of WNVamong horses, livestock, or poultry is to preventexposure to adult mosquitoes. The followingrecommendations are based on currenrknowledge about WNV. Prevention and controlrecommendations may be revised as newinformation is obtained.

y' Reduce Mosquito Breeding SitesMosquitoes need water to reproduce. They canbreed in any puddle or standing water that lastsfor more than four days. The most importani srepany property owner can take to control mosquitopopulations islo remove all potential sources otstagnant water in which mosquitoes mightbreed.

o Dispose of, or regularly empty, any water-holding containers such as metal cans. olasticcontainers, ceramic pots, ancl trash cans.o Pay special attention to discarded tires. Tiresare a very common place for mosquitoes robreed!o Drill holes in the bottom of containers that areleft out-of-doors.o Clean clogged roof gutters to promote drainage.o Turn over plastic wading pools orwheelbarrowswhen not in use and do not allow water tostagnate in bird baths.o Aerate ornamental pools or stock them withf ish.I Clean and chlorinate swimming pools that arenot in use and be aware that mosquitoes canbreed in the water that collects on swimming poolcovers.o Use landscaping to eliminate standing waterthat collects on your property; mosquitoes canbreed in any puddle that lasts more than 4 days.o Thoroughly clean livestock-watering troughsmonthly.

Pesticide

Steps far Reducing the Risks af lYest l{ite Vircas, ro,td.

Local mosquito control author.ities may be able tohelp in assessing the rnosquito breeding risksassociated with a specific property.

r' Decrease Human Exposure to AdultMosquitoes

Mosquitoes feed primarily at dawn ancl dusk.Take the following precautions to protect yourselfand your family.

o Wear loose fitting, light colored clothing withlong sleeves and pants when you are outdoorsfrom dusk to dawn.o Limit the amount of time you spend outdoorsduring the period from dusk to dawn.o lf you need to use insect repellants, read thelabel directions carefully and do not apply morethan the recommended amount.o Cover baby carriages and outdoor playpensvrith mosquito nettingo Fix aii holes in screens and make sure thev areiigntry atrached to the ooors and rrindows.

r' Decrease Animal Exposure to Adultfvlosquitoes

o Screened housingHousing animals in structures with welt-maintained insect screening can be useful toreduce exposure to adult mosquitoes. Use ofsuch mosquito-resistant structures may actuallylead to mosquito exposure unless precautions arefirst taken to eliminate mosquitoes frominside the structure. This rnay be accomplisheclthrough a number of rneans including the use ofmosquito adulticides. In addition, use of fansmay reduce potential access of mosquitoes toequine or other livestock hosts.

c Insect repellentsUse of insect repellents may be of some value indecreasing exposure of horses to adultmosquitoes. Due to practical iimitations in thecoverage area that may be achieved on any givenhorse with a particular product formulation, anddue to limited duration of effectiveness of someformulations under certain conditions (e.g.,perspiration), repellents should not be solelyrelied upon to prevent mosquito exposure.Repellents should be used according to their labelinstructions regarding appropriate species,method of application, and other precautions.

o Outdoor exposureAlthough some species of rloscuitoes; feec.j atdusk or dawn. others are riaytirne feedei-s. As ii isnot yet clear which mc'squitoes are responsiblefor the transmission of WNV to horses and othei.mammaiian species, making recommendationsas to when certain anirnals should avoiC ourooorexposure is not parlicularly usefui at tiiis time.i{ more inf ormatron becomes available,recommendations on out-door exposure will beupdated appropriately.

What ls The State Doing?

The Department of Health andDepartment of Agriculture, Food& Markets, in cooperation with other stateagencies, have written a draft West Nile VirusSurveillance and Response Plan. lt is availablefor review and public comment at the HealthDepartment's website : www.state.vt.us/hea lth.It emphasizes public education about the vrrusand how it is transmitted, steps people can take toeliminate mosquito breeding habitats, andmeasures people can take to prevent or reouceinerr ris< of exposute io mosquitoes. lt also out-iines surveiliance measures that the State willundertake to detect West Nile virus rn{ection inmosquitoes, birds, horses and humans.

For More Information

As the summer progresses, we'll have moreinformation on the Department's website whichcan be found at www.state.vt.us/agrlc. Go to theLinks page and select "West Nile Virus."

(Sources: Steps for Reducing the Risks of West NileVirus, Agriview , May 1S, 200i and preventinq West

Nile Virus, Vermont Department ot Health FacISheprAugust 7, 2000)

Integrated Pest Management and Advqnced,'rt t tr ecnnologj:

what Role do Pesticides play in an Integrated pestManagement Program?

The Use of Festicides in yourIPM Program

By Thomas A. Green, ph.D., president,IPM lnstitute of NorTh America, lnc.

What role do pesticides play in your lpMprogram? Are there opportunities to increaseprof its and reduce risks by improving the way youchoose and use pesticides?

When action against pests is necessary, lpM callsJor consideration of all of the pest control optionsavailable and selection of the most effectivechoice with the least amount of risk. Cultural,mechanical, biological ancl chem ical contrc[s suchas crop rotation, cultivation, natural enemies andpesticides are among the possible tools.

Are you faithful to this basic tenet of lpM or doyou reach into the chemical toolbox too quickly ortoo o{ten? When chemical options are truly thebest choice, do you carefully consider whichpesticide offers the best return for the problem athand? Do risks to health and the einvironmenrenter into your decision-making process?

Pesticides and lpM

IPM evolved as a needed improvement to costly,inefficient and risky calendar-based spraying ofpesticides. Prior to lPM, most pesticides were

broadly toxic to pests and non-tarqets. pestresistance, environmental pollution witipersistentchemicals, and declines in wildlife populationsdictated a change to a more thoughtful straregy.

IPM replaces the "shotgun" approach with a morecomplete arsenal including non-chemicalstrategies to prevent and avoid pest proorems,and finely tuned chemical weapons targetingspecific pests and sparing beneficials. lpM is builton detailed knowledge of pest biology, behavior'and ecology, not simply chemistry and toxicology.

ldentifying Least-lmpact pesticides

When we measure IPM progress, the bottom lineshould be pesticide risk reduction. But how canwe identify pesticide options with the least risk tohealth and the environment?

Risk is a function of toxicity and exposure.Toxicity refers to how poisclnous a pesticide is tonon-targets such as humans and wildlife. Ameasure of toxicity to mammals is indicated bythe EPA-regulated "signal word,' on the productlabel. "Danger"signif ies the most toxic and"caution" the least. Toxicity is also affected by therate, or dose, at which the pesticide is applied.

Exposure is the opportunity for non-targets tocorne into contact with the pesticide's toxicingredients. Exposure depends upon the methodof application, how long the active ingredientspersist in the environment, and how readily thematerial moves into ground or surface water.Climate, cropping systems, soil types, and thekinds of non-target organisms present are amongthe many factors that a{fect exposure.

Risk is thus an outcome of complicatedinteractions between toxicity, exposure and cropand region-specific conditions. How can growersidentify and select reduced-impact pesticides fortheir crops and environments? Basically, if you'redoing a good job managing beneficials andresistance, you're likely doing a good jobminimizing other impacts.

(Graphic by Stephen Adducj)

licator

what Role do Pesticides play in an lntegrated pestManagement Program?

How do you know if yourchoices are the best forpreserving benef icials?Benef icials include manytypes of living organismsessential for crop production,including soil microbes,earthworms and pollinators. Other benef icials canhave a direct impact on pest populations, pestdamage and control costs. Predatory mites,parasitic wasps, lady bugs, praying mantids,green lacewings, fungi, spiders and birds aresome of the many natural enemies that can playa significant role in controlling pests.

Attempts at creating a comprehensive resource tosingle out pesticides with the greatest impacts onbenef icials have not been successf ul. Thechallenge resides in the rapid f requency at whichpesticides enter and leave the market and theerorrnous number of environmenis and croco''rgs:,'s:errs:na: neecj to be examinec.

In lieu of a comprehensive database, yourExtension specialist, crop consultant and cropand i'egion-specif ic IPM publicatrons are the oestsources of information on avoidinq harm ro

beneficials for your crcp. ln manycases, replacing a single pesticidewith a material softer on beneficialscan restore cost-free, natural enemvcontrol of key pests.

Resistance Management

lf you subject any pest population to repeatedapplications of the same pesticide, you may spareindividual pests that possess genetic qualitiesfavoring survival. These survivors reproouce,spreadinE these resistance genes to off spring andtransforming once effective pesticides to usetessrelics.

The green peach aphid is the world record holder,resistant to 71 chemical pesticides, according tothe University of Florida's Book of Insect Recoros(available at http://ufbir.ifas.ufl.edu4. This pesi isfollowed by the Colorado potato beeile (47pesticides) and the diamondback moth(5l pesticides).

Pest resistance to pesticides can be extremelycostly to growers and to agriculture at large.

Undetected resistance can leac t* crop failures.Responding to resistance problems o{ien requiresnew and more cosily pesticides.

The key to managing resistance is to rotate pestcontrols, ensuring that pesticides in the rotationhave differeni modes oi action and not simpiyvarying brand or trade names. identifying thesemodes, including nerve toxins, growth regulatorsor microbial pathogens, is not an easy task.Again, your best resources are your Extensionspecialist, crop consultant, agchem retailer, andcrop and region-specific IPM pubiications. youcan work with these resources to design arotation that avoids repeated exposure to thesame chemical classes and modes of action.

Carrots and Sticks

Legislative action is driving a widespread shiftaivay f rom rnany of the oider.. riig:r-risk pesticidestolvard lesser impact alternatives. The FoodQuality Protection Act (FQPA) has mandated thelargest reevaluation of pesticides and uses everundertaken, and applies a high standard forreducing risks to chiidren in particular. The resulthas been wholesaie changes in pesticideavailability, permitted uses and pre-harvesrintervals.

Government action has also provided incentivesfor agrochemical producers, offering lowerproduct registration costs and speedierprocessing for reduced risk chemistry. Industryhas responded in kind, resulting in 16 of the 22new registrations in the last fiscal year qualifyingunder EPA's expedited reduceo-risk anobiopesticide categories.

Finally, the private sector has been resoonsiblefor a new resource to evaluate pesticides. ThePesticide Action Network, a non-prof itorganization based in San Francisco, has createdan on-line database of pesticide activeingredients. Users can enter an active ingredientand the database responds with informationculled from EPA, industry and other sources.

These data include confirmed, probable or likelyhealth threats; pesticide label indicationsregarding risks to wildlife, bees, or ground andsurface water; and brand name lists of pesticidescontaining the active ingredient. ln the future, the

what Role do Pesticides play in an Integrated pestManagement Program?

giciLrp cians ic adij a ieature that wiil allolv visitorsic search foi'pesiicid*s by branci name. You cana.{:cs$s the PAN Pesticide Database on the wenai the foilr:wing LJRL:h !jg:i,wryyv.L:_esticide!nf o.o rqldatabase Parent,

n-trtl.

Checkli'st for Cleaning Up thePesticide Toolbox

Despite the desire and best efforts by many toreduce reliance on chemical options, pesticidesare likely to continue as important components oflPM. This checklist is aimed at helping youensure optimum, least-risk use of pesticides inyour IPM program.

,/ ldentity resources.Extension advisors, crop consultants and industrytechnical representatives may be able to visitwith you and look over your operation. Pestmanagement guides, fact sheets and web sitesare also sources of great information

/ Examinethe decision-making process. Oncethe need to act against pests has been conf irmed,how are control choices made? \ltle're allcreatures of habit. not all of those habits are worthkeeping. A fresh look can often turn up effectivealternatives, steps or parties to incorporate toimprove bottom-line results and reduce impactson health and the environment.

11/ lmplement prevention and avoidancestrategies.What can be done to reduce the neeri forintervention in the future? Which are your keypests, key crops or key locations thai incui- theqreatest pest damage and control costs? Hownright you prevent or avcid these losses andexpenses? Can the rotation be adjusted, or cropsor varieties changed?

,/ Tune up the application process.When chemical control remains the best option,what can be done to minimize rates and costs?Are application methods and equipment optimum,or might a small investment in training orhardware generate large returns over time? lsyour pesticide bill in line with neighboringoperations, or are there opportunities to learnfrom others?

lr' Take it slow.Before you implement major changes, try themout on a portion of your acreage. Learning bydoing is ideal, but make sure mistakes alons thelearning curve are small ones.

(Source: IPM Solutians, June 200'l , produced byGEMPTER'S, lnc., web site:

hitp://wwlry.lpmalmanac.com )

The Role Pesticides Play in lpM:A Comparison of IPM Practices

to Non - IPM Practices

IPM Practice Non-lPM Practice

Ask "ls the invader reallya pest?" ldentify it.

Assume that the invadermust be controlled.

Proactive: look for pests;set lures; exclude pestswrth barriers.

Reactive: use chemicalcontrols after problem isdiscovered.

l\4uitiple tocls: saniiation,prevention, proper plantseieciion, cultivation,biological control.

Primary tooi: chemicalpesticides.

When no other methodswork, treat pests duringtheir most vulnerablestage witit pesticides.

Scheduled or "calendar"treatments with pesticidesare possible.

Specif ic pesticides thatare least toxic to humansshould target pests andconserve beneficials.

Use of broad spectrumpesticides can kill manydifferent kinds oforganisms.

Spot treatments inspecific areas means lesspesticide is applied.

Large areas can besprayed - broadcasttreatments.

Page 10 Pesticide Appiicator Report.'r'

Department of Agriculture andCooperative Extension Contacts

Vermont Departn"lent of AgriculturePlant lndustry Division Pesticide Gontacts - call g28-p491

http ://www. state. vt. u s/ag riclp id. htmar Phil Benedict - Division Director

|.. Wendy Anderson - Pesticide Certification and Trainingar Jeff Comstock - Soil Scientist,t Cary Giguere - Pesticide Research and Information Specialist

'& Dominique Golliot - Plant Industry Field Agent - Southwestern VT?& Douglas Johnstone - Plant Industry Field Agent - Southeastern VTar. Jim Leland - Agrichemcial Program Supervisorp Annie MacMillan - AgrichemcialToxicologist, Worker Protection Standards Program Coordinatorz.' Scott Pfister - Plant Pathologist.\r Andy Squires - Plant Industry Field Agent - Northwestern VT.r. John Stein - Enforcement Off icer

"r David Tremblay - Plant lndustry Field Agent - Northeastern VTar. Jon Turmel- State Entomolooist

UVM Extension Gontactshttp ://ctr. uvm.edu/ctr/white. htm.

This is a partial list. For information about specialists in your region, call 656-2630,or check the Extension on-line directory at the above web address.

A MASTER GARDENER HoTLINE - 800.639.2230

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Lorraine Berkett, IPM SpecialistSid Bosworth, AgronomistJeff Carter, Field and Forage SpecialistElena Garcia, Tree Fruit SpecialistWillie Gibson, Agriculture SpecialistAlan Gotlieb, Plant PathologistVern Grubinger, Berries and Vegetables SpecialistAnn Hazelrigg, Plant Diagnostic Clinic, PATJurij Homziak, Watershed Mgmt. SpecialistBill Jokela, Soils SpecialistRick LeVitre, Dairy SpecialistLeonard Perry, Greenhouse and Nursery SpecialistMargaret Skinner, Entomologist

656-2630656-0478388-4969656-2824223-2389656-0474257-7967

656-0493

656-0682

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Home Stud Quiz - Jul 2001vvrral nole co reSTlClOeS Hlay In an lntegrated Pest Management Program?

Th* folicivirrg set of questions pertain to the What Role do Pesticides Play in an lntegrated pest ManagementPragram? a(icie on pages 7-9, and the Pest Resistance Checklist on Page 4. Mail the compieted quiz bick to the

Department io receive gne pesticide recertification credit. Include extra sheets of paper for answers if needed.Remember to fili out the form on the back of the ouizl

i Define ihe iei'm "inteqrated pest management".

2. How can the use cf pesticides lead to the development of resistance in oesis?

3. List tout'ways in which you can prevent or manage the development of a pest's resistance to a pesticide.

4. When using a pesticide as pad of your IPM program. would you select a broad-spectrum or selective pesticide?Ui hi,?

5. Whai are some of the factors that can affect a non-target organism's exposure to pesticides?

6. check the choice that besf describes the practice of integrated pesl management

a. _ identify the pest and determineif a control measure is necessary.

b, _ Attempt to prevent pest problemsby employing non-chemical methodssuch as crop rotation and cultivation.

c._ Use broadcast treatments to covertarge areas.

OR

OR

OR

OR

Treat the pest immediately.

Vvait until a pest problem hasbecome established, then treatwith a pesticide.

Spot treat in specific areas.

Choose a pesticide withoutchecking the signal word.

Pesticide applications should bemade during the mostvulnerable stage in the pest's lifecycle.

lf chemical treatment is necessary,choose the least toxic pesticideavailable.

Pesticides applications shouldbe made according to apredetermined schedule.

vfhat Rcle do Pesticides Play in an lntegrated pest Management

OR

Fill out the following form and send it, and the answer sheet, to the Department ofAgriculture to receive one pesticide applicator recertification credit.

Name :

Cefiificate Number:

Address:

CompanylFarm:

Vermont Department of Agriculture, Food and MarketsPlant lndustry Division1 16 State Street, Drawer 20Montpelier, VT 05620-2901

NONPROFITU.S. POSTAGE PAID

MONTPELTER, VT 05620-2901PERMIT NO.74