pesticide presentation russell

7/29/2019 Pesticide Presentation Russell

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A PROJECT REPORT ON

PESTICIDE POLLUTION ANDMANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE

REZAUL KARIMExam. Roll No Env-010375

Department of Environmental ScienceJahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka


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Man struggles to obtain adequate supplies of foodagainst all the elements, including pests of varioussorts which reduce the quantity and quality of output,by physical damage, disease, etc.

Pests and disease cause a 20-40% loss of world widecrop production. These may occur at all stages of thefood chain during harvesting, drying, storage,processing, and retailing.

Pesticide reduces attack by pests, disease, and

weeds. It contributes higher yields, increased quality and

higher economic returns.

INTRODUCTION


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The objective of this work

To find about overviews of pesticides and theircirculation in the environment and their toxiceffects on it.

To import knowledge to the people about theenvironmental pollution of pesticides .

To find the limitations in pesticide

management practices in Bangladesh.

To attain government attention on the future

actions to solve this problem.


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PESTICIDES :

Pesticides are chemical compounds or mixture of

substances with diverse chemical nature and biologicalactivity. It is intended for preventing , destroying ,

repelling, or mitigating any pest.

General Characteristics of Pesticides

Pesticides Density g/L Solubility mg/L LogK

o w

PersistenceT1/2

Aldrin 1.6 0.017 6.5

20days-1 yr

Chlordane 1.6 0.056 6 4 yrs

DDT 1.55 0.0055 6.19 2-16 yrs

Dieldrin 1.7 0.2 5.48 2-15 yrs

Endrin 1.72 0.26 5.2 Up to 12 yrs

Mirex 1.8 0.085 7.18 Up to 10 yrs

Toxaphane 1.66 0.55 6.29 1-14 yrs


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Sectors of Pesticide

Use in Bangladesh

Type of

pesticide

Consum-

tion 2000

Consump-

tion 2001

Consump-

tion 2002

Consump-

tion 2003

Insecticides 13,785 12,301 13,984 13,736

Fungicides 1,430 2,148 2,419 2,941

Herbicides 271 838 964 1,364

Miticides 26 19 27 32

Rodenticides 122 70 37 19

Total 15,634 15,376 17,395 18,092

Units in Metric ton


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PESTICIDE CIRCULATIONIN THE ENVIRONMENT

Fate and route of pesticides in the environment Pesticide loss in water system and Fish

The pesticides enter a biological system mainly by three routes:aerial, terrestrial, and Aquatic.


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disturbance in equilibrium existing between insect,pests and their parasites, increased disease susceptibility,

development of pest tolerance, disturbance in reproductive physiology,

behavior abnormalities in birds and insects, effects on population of birds, wild life, fishes andseed production,

effects on finally human being :cancer ,reproductive damage,development and behavioral effects,damage to the immune system,

effect on the respiratory and circulation system.

EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES


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MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

management practices:

avoiding unnecessary pesticide applications. use of targeted and economical applications.

use of cultural or biological practices.

Soil and Crop Management

appropriate seedbed preparation and planting. use of appropriate crop rotations.

optimization of timing of crop planting and harvesting.

maintenance of optimum soil nutrient and pH levels.

Pest management

It damages the infected pest and reduces

the amount of pesticide use.

integrated pest management ( IPM) and

sustainable pest control.


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Rules for Using Pesticides

Use the proper pesticide at the proper time to manage apest. Measure the material accurately. When spraying pesticides outside, remove or cover foodand water containers used by pets.

Storage To store pesticides and pesticide equipment in a lockedcool, dry, well-ventilated cabinet or room. Post a sign, KEEP OUT-PESTICIDE STORAGE.

Management of pesticide Container Minimizing concentrated and persistent pesticideresidues. Managing pesticide residues at the point of application. Managing empty pesticide containers.


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Treatment methods are categorized

1. Traditional Disposal Methods Storage

Landfill Cap

Deep well injection

2. Modern Innovation Non-CombustionDestruction Methods

Electro-chemical oxidation Super critical water oxidation Solvent Extraction

3. Remediation Bioremediation Phytoremediation

TREATMENT METHODS


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Aerobic processes require an oxygen source, and the end products

typically are H2O and CO2 without the build up of intermediates.

Anaerobic processes are conducted in the absence of oxygen, and

the end products can include methane, hydrogen gas, sulfide,

elemental sulfur, and nitrogen gas.

Bioremediation

Co-metabolism

Composting

Fig: Co-metabolism


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Phytoremediation may be applied in situ or ex situ tosoils, sludge, sediments, other solids, or groundwater

contaminated sites. It is best applied at sites withshallow contamination of pollutants.

Phytostabilization

Rhizodegradation,phytostimulation,

RhizofiltrationPhytovolatilizationphytotransformation Accumulation in

roots Translocatedin shoots & leaves

Enhanced

rhizosphere

biodegradatio

n

Phytodegradation-

Metabolism within the

plant production,

dehalogenase &

oxygenase enzyme, which

helpCatalyze degradation

Physical effects-

transpiration of volatilesHydraulic control of dissolved

plume

Physical effects-transpiration

of

volatiles

Hydraulic control ofdissolved plume

Phytodegradation-Metabolism

within the plant

production,

dehalogenase &

oxygenase

enzyme, which help

Catalyze

degradationAccumulation in

rootsTranslocated

in shoots &

leaves

Enhanced

rhizosphere

biodegradation

Phytoremediation

Fig: Phyto-remediation


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The Pesticide Ordinance, 1971 provides the legal

framework to regulate the import, manufacture,formulation, sale, distribution and use of pesticides.

The Pesticide Rules, 1985 describes the provisionsregarding registration, packaging and labeling.

Bangladesh is a signatory of The Basel Convention

The Stockholm Convention The Rotterdam Convention

The Government cancelled the registration of a total of27 active ingredients and 68 brands of pesticide.

Presently, a total of 48 active ingredients and 122brands of pesticides under PHP.

Pesticide management inBangladesh


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The problems associated with pesticidemanagement are :

Lack of knowledge of pesticide use. Lack of experts to learn the best way how to usepesticides.

Lack of legal and institutional support that canmonitor the status of pesticide, their efficiency,harmful effect etc.

Lack of proper act to control the banned pesticides tocome in the local market and the un-implementationof present acts, laws and regulation.

Future actionsTo overcome these problems, the necessary steps would

be taken: Popularize sustainable agricultural practice. Building up people awareness for pesticide use. Making a suitable national policy for pest control,

pesticide use and their trade.


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Future action in agricultural practice

The pest management strategies should be an integratedapproach, developing safer pesticides, which are harmless anddoes not provide threat to human.

Other future researchesWe have to give emphasis on the following points in order toperform future research work: Pest resistance crops by using biotechnology Formation of more eco and human friendly pesticide Eco-friendly agricultural accesses

Future PlanThere is a little work done in Bangladesh to inform the statusof pesticide in soil and water. It will be my future study toanalyze the concentration of various pesticides in soil andwater and their effect on the environment.

Summary


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Thankstoall

pesticide presentation russell

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