pesticide use in rice ipm introduction p esticides have of course played a commendable role in...
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Pesticide Use in Rice IPM
Introduction
Pesticides have of course played a
commendable role in increasing our food
production and protecting us against
disease vectors. However, sole reliance on
pesticides has created several problems
such as development of resistant pests,
pest outbreaks, mortality of useful
organisms, adverse effect on human
health and environmental degradation.
Adverse effects of pesticides prompted
scientists to look for environment friendly
methods of pest control and consequently
IPM was conceptualized.
Pesticide spraying
Next
In IPM, different methods of pest
control such as resistant varieties,
cultural methods, physical methods,
natural enemies and pesticides are
integrated to suppress pest
population without jeopardizing other
components of the environment.
Pesticides have definite role to play
in IPM but their use has to be need-
based. Pesticides are important
weapons with man against obnoxious
pests and their useful life needs to be
prolonged through their judicious
application.
IPM
DB-Cultural methods
DB-Mechanical Methods
DB-Physical methods
DB-Bio-control methods
DB-Chemical methods
Multipest-modules
Dissemination
insect Disease
nematode weeds
ETL
Multiple pest management programmesIPM Concept
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Judicious pesticide use
If pesticides have to play a
significant role in pest
management, they need to be
used in accordance with IPM
principles. These have to be used
judiciously as last resort and not
as first option. Need for pesticide
use should be determined through
continuous monitoring of pests on
crop. Pesticides should only be
used if pest incidence tends to
approach economic threshold
level. Properly timed one pesticide
application may very well
substitute for 3-4 ill timed
treatments.
Pest monitoring
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Selective use of pesticides
In case pesticide application is
unavoidable, preference should be
given selective pesticides. Such
pesticides are effective against
target pest but pose less hazard to
non-target organisms such as
natural enemies of pests,
pollinators and earthworms.
Some of such pesticides are
buprofezin, which is effective
against homopterans like
planthoppers, neem, Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt),
nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) etc.
Earthworms
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Pesticides can also be made
less hazardous through
use of safer formulations
such as granules.
Pesticide granules like
carbofuran 3G or cartap
4G prove effective against
rice pests without
jeopardizing natural
enemies of pests.
Pesticide should be strictly
used in recommended
doses avoiding their
overuse and misuse.
Natural enemies of pests
Spider
Rove beetle
Stenobracon parasitoid
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Adverse effects of pesticides can
also be reduced by precise
placement and proper timing.
Foliar application of contact
pesticides proves effective
against planthoppers only if
directed at plant bases and goes
waste if carried out on foliage.
Likewise, pesticide application
against stem borer should
coincide with egg hatching.
Natural enemies can also be
protected through spot
application wherein areas with
high natural enemy density
should not be treated.
Sprayer nozzle directed at plant stems
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Pesticides recommended against rice pests
Planthoppers
Apply carbofuran 3G @ 25 kg/ha
or
Spray buprofezin 25 SC @800 ml/ha or
imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 125 ml/ha or
chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 1000 ml/ha
Stem borer
Apply cartap 4G @ 25 kg/ha or fipronil 0.3G @ 18
kg/ha
or
Spray cartap 50 WP @500 g/ha or chlorpyriphos
20 EC @1000 ml/ha or quinalphos @ 1250 ml/ha
or flubendiamide @ 100 ml/ha
Planthoppers
Earhead damage due to stem borer
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Leaf folder
Apply cartap 4G @ 25 kg/ha or spray
cartap 50 WP @ 500 g/ha or
chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 1000 ml/ha or
quinalphos @ 1250 ml/ha or
flubendiamide 100 ml/ha.
Gundhi bug
Spray endosulfan 35 EC or malathion
50 EC or quinalphos 25 EC @ 1000
ml/ha
or
Apply endosulfan or carbaryl or
malathion dust @ 25-30 kg/ha Gundhi bug
Leaf folder
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Hispa
Spray chlorpyriphos 20EC or
quinalphos 25 EC or monocrophos 36
WSC @ 1000 ml/ha
or
Apply carbaryl dust @ 25-30 kg/ha
Armyworm
Spray chlorpyriphos 20EC or
quinalphos 25 EC @ 1000 ml/ha
or
Apply carbaryl or malathion dust @ 25-
30 kg/ha
Hispa beetle
Armyworm larva
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Economic threshold levels (ETL) of rice insect pests
Insect pest Economic threshold level
Brown planthopper (BPH) 6-8 hoppers/hill
Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH)
8-10 hoppers/hill
Stem borer 5% dead hearts or 2% white-earsor 1 moth/m2 or 1 egg mass/m2
Leaf folder 4% folded leaves
Hispa 4% damaged leaves/hill or 2 adults/hill
Gundhi bug 1 bug/hill
Army worm 1 larva/hill
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Let’s Sum UpSole reliance on pesticides for pest control has created several problems.
Pesticides are important weapons with man against obnoxious pests and their useful life needs to be prolonged through their judicious application.
Need for pesticide use should be determined through continuous pest monitoring on crops and should only be used if pest incidence tends to approach economic threshold level.
Properly timed single pesticide application may very well substitute for 3-4 ill-timed treatments.
Preference should be given selective pesticides that are effective against target pest but pose less hazard to non-target organisms like neem, Bt etc.
Pesticides can also be made less hazardous through use of safer formulations such as granules.
Adverse effects of pesticides can also be reduced by their precise placement.
Natural enemies can also be protected through spot application wherein areas with high natural enemy density should not be treated.
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