PESTICIDES

Prepared by:

Haneen Al-WahidiYara Sarsour

Chemical ,biological, physical substance used to control :

Insects Plant pathogens Weeds

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defined pesticide as “any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animal s….”

What is a pesticide?

GROSS CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDE BY CHEMISTRY

Inorganic : Heavy metal_lread Copper product Sulfar product

Organic: May be chains or ring

Biological: Viruses, bacteria, fungi and plant Nematodes ,insects and other

parasites

PESTICIDES’ TYPES:

type

herbicides

insecticide

fungicide

miticideRodenticide

nematocd

mollusicicide

WHERE ARE PESTICIDES USED

Forests to control insects and under-story vegetation;

Rights-of-way along railroads and under electric wires to control vegetation;

Houses, schools, commercial and office buildings to control insects, rodents, and fungi;

Aquatic sites to control mosquitoes and weeds Food preparation areas to control insects and

rodents Household pets to control fleas and ticks Livestock to control insects and other pests

PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS:

Manual Spray

tractor SprayerAerial

الرقم اسم المبيد التجاري

اسم المبيد الشائع صورة المبيد

التركيز الشركة المنتجة الوحدة

.1  اترل Ethephon Sl جم/لتر 480 Bayer لتر 

.2  أجريتون NAA+  NAD -2-(1-NAPHTYL)ACETAMIDE

WP جم/لتر6.75 جم/لتر18

NUFARM كجم

.3  ألزرع Beta Nathtoxy Acetic Acid SL جم/لتر20 جاشوري لتر

.4  اورست N-M-T WP 20% جاشوري كجم

.5  برلكس Gibberillic Acid TB 10% Vallent Biosciences كجم

.6  حنتائون Beta –Naphthoxy Acetic Acid SL 50.4% L. GOBBI لتر

.7  دورمكس CYANAMIDE SL جم/لتر500 ALZCHEM TROSTBERG

أجان

لتر

.8  90شطح Alkyl phenol ethylene oxide condensate

SL Makhteshim جم/لتر920  لتر

.9  الفانول سوبر ANN SL تيفازول جم/لتر201 كجم

.10  كولتار Paclobutrazol SC Syngenta جم/لتر250 لتر

.11  مكسيم 3,5,6-TPA TB 10% Chimac Agriphar كجم

.12  T-8هورموريل Indol Butyric AcidThiabendazole

DP 8%5%

أحيم ملتشن كجم

CONTROL Israel is not allowing the necessary equipments used to check the leftover of pesticides in vegetables to enter to Gaza Strip. The pesticides which remains without checking are causing serious health effects to people. This is a slow and silent murder to Palestinians.

Of course, the absentee of the necessary equipments would open the door widely in front of Israel to export various types of pesticides without knowing how far and long it remains and or affect.

PESTICIDES’ HEALTHY AFFECTS

Insect , rodents and humans have similar nervous, circulatory , and respiratory system so pesticide can effect people too.

HAZARD depends on: Toxicity : the capacity of pesticide cause

injury . Exposure :the risk of a pesticide contacting

or entering the body.

PESTICIDES’ HEALTHY AFFECTS  Poisoning

effect: Contact Systemic Allergic

Routs of entry Skin Lungs Eyes Oral

PESTICIDES’ HEALTHY AFFECTS

Common medical conditions : Mild:

Upper respiratory tract infection\influenza. Food-born illness Asthma Plant-induced irritant or allergic dermatitis .

Sever: Cerebrovoscalare accident Psychinat

PESTICIDES’ HEALTHY AFFECTS

PESTICIDES’ ENVIRONMENTAL AFFECTS How do pesticides effect the environment : Point – source pollution:

Include" Includes pesticide spills, wash water from cleanup sites, leaks from storage sites, and improper disposal of pesticides and their containers.

Nonpoint-Source Pollution Includes the drift of pesticides through the air,

pesticide run -off into waterways, pesticide movement into ground water,

PESTICIDES’ ENVIRONMENTAL AFFECTS  Environmentally-Sensitive Areas

Ground water Wells,sinkhole Areas near surface water(lake,oceac..) areas heavily populated with people areas populated with livestock and pets areas near food crops and ornamental

plants

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON AIR

The atmosphere is an important part of the hydrologic cycle

Pesticides enter the atmosphere through drift, wind erosion and evaporation

Pesticides can move great distances in the atmosphere

Pesticides reach the earth’s surface via dry deposition and precipitation

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON AIR

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON AIR

Hazards of atmospheric pesticides to humans and environment: Source of exposure to pesticides through inhalati Source of contamination of surface waters and

ground water through dry deposition and precipitation

Transport of pesticides from application sites to sensitive areas

Accumulation of pesticides in the environment (soil, wildlife, etc

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON SOIL

Pesticides can move in the environment via the soil by two methods: erosion and leaching

Erosion: soil particles which are transported by wind and water; pesticides attached to soil particles

Leaching: downward movement of pesticides in the soil through cracks and pores

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON SOIL

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON SOIL

Environmental Impact of Pesticides in Soil leaching:

Soil normally filters water as it moves downward, removing contaminants such as pesticide

Soil and pesticide properties, geography and weather can influence the movement of pesticides

Pesticides that leach through soils may reach ground water

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON SOIL

Organic matter soil texture soil acidity adsorption persistence

rate of application application method geography weather

Soil properties that affect leaching:

 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON GROUND WATER

Pesticides also found in non-agricultural setting such as golf courses and residential areas

High pesticide usage in the area High recharge of ground water

by precipitation or irrigation High soil permeability Well contamination is greatest

in shallow, inadequately sealed wells

Factors strongly associated with pesticide contamination of ground water are:

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON SURFACE WATERS: Pesticides enter

surface waters through run-off, wastewater discharges, atmospheric deposition (dry and precipitation), spills and ground water

Pesticide concentrations in surface waters follow the seasonal patterns of pesticide application and run-off

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:  It is the use of one living organism to control another. It is a reduction of pest population by animes and

typically involve an active human role .  Biological control agent:

Include predators , parasitoid and pathogens.  Biological control seldom means complete eradication

of the unwanted organism ,but rather maintaining its population at a lower than average population density than would occur in the absence of the biological control agent

PESTICIDES FRIENDLY TO HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT There is a type of bacteria called "bacillus

thuringiensis" was discovered. A single cell and occurs naturally in the soil has the ability to annihilation of certain types of insects. Observed on this type it: intensity of specialization for certain types of

insects does not affect the animal or human completely safe for the environment leads to the protection of plants

GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR THE SAFETY OF WORKERS AND TO PREVENT THE RISK OF PESTICIDES

Protective equipment (clothing, hats, glasses ...)

Data written on the packaging label of the pesticide

during and after spraying: Avoid spraying against the wind and not Tzleckha blow when clogged

When exposed skin and clothing, and eyes to the spray solution must wash them well with soap and water and wash the part that exposure to a pesticide alcohol

THANK YOU