pests plagues & politics lecture 14 biological control controlling “pest” insects let’s go...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pests Plagues & Politics
Lecture 14
Biological Control
Controlling “Pest” InsectsLetLet’’s Go s Go Green
![Page 2: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Key points: Biological Control
•Describe two key arthropod classes of biocontrol agents•What are the constraints of biological control•What are the advantages of biocontrol•Give other non-insect biocontrol agents
![Page 3: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The biggest enemy of an insect is another INSECT!!
Bio-control is the use of a pest insect’s natural insect enemies for its control.
Bugs eat BugsBugs eat Bugs
1) As direct 1) As direct predators*predators*
2) As 2) As parasitesparasites & & parasitoids*parasitoids*
![Page 4: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Predators:
Ladybird adult
Ladybird larva
Both are excellent predators
Photo’s: Ken Gray photo collection, OSU
![Page 5: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Asian weaver ant
One of the earliest known insects as biocontrol agents
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaver_ant
![Page 6: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mike Burgett
![Page 7: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Predation: A true Predation: A true bug, bug, lunching onlunching onanother true buganother true bug.
Photo’s: Ken Gray photo collection, OSU
Parasitoids: A fly Parasitoids: A fly
parasitoidparasitoid larva larva emerging from the emerging from the host larva.host larva.
![Page 8: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A carpenter beegiving you the once-over
A carpenter bee larva that hasbeen parasitized by a wasp.
Mike Burgett
Polyembryony has taken place
and the bee larva containsmany thousands of wasp
larva
![Page 9: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mike Burgett
![Page 10: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Biological Control – Advantages*Biological Control – Advantages*
• Self-perpetuatingSelf-perpetuating
• Pest specificPest specific
• Density dependentDensity dependent
• Cost effectiveCost effective
• Environmentally compatibleEnvironmentally compatible
![Page 11: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biological Control – Constraints*Biological Control – Constraints*
• Not immediately effective (may take years)• Not eradicative (is this really a constraint?)
• Biocontrol agents unknown for many pest species.
• Doesn’t always work
– Historically only one out of four attempts has been successful
![Page 12: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What makes an effective biocontrol “agent”??
• High to complete prey specificity
• Multivoltine with respect to target species
• Well adapted to habitat of target species
• Excellent searching ability
Lacewingimmatureat “lunch”
Photo’s: Ken Gray photo collection, OSU
![Page 13: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Classic Biological ControlClassic Biological Control“Control of an Exotic insect pest by the
introduction of its natural enemies”• foreign exploration
• quarantine processing
• mass propagation
• field colonization (release)
• evaluation of impact
100 successes in the past 100 years!!100 successes in the past 100 years!!
![Page 14: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tyria jacobaeae, Cinnabar moth
Bugs on plants
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnabar_moth
![Page 15: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bright colors of larvae/adults warning sign
Tansy ragwort flea beetle. Prevents plants from flowering through feeding. Introduced in USA in 1969
Preventing predation and enhancing biocontrol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnabar_moth
http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repositoryfiles/ca2404p12-63742.pdf
![Page 16: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In addition to Classic Biocontrol (bug vs. In addition to Classic Biocontrol (bug vs. bug), we also use*:bug), we also use*:
• Insect Pathogens– VirusesViruses - Japanese Beetle Milky Disease,
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus– BacteriaBacteria - the classic Bacillus thuringiensis– MicrosporidiansMicrosporidians - against grasshoppers– EntomopathogenicEntomopathogenic fungifungi– Entomopathogenic nematodesEntomopathogenic nematodes
![Page 17: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Japanese beetle
Bacillus popilaehttp://www.biconet.com/biocontrol/bpopillae.html
http://www.hort.uconn.edu/ipm/homegrnd/htms/wgrbpics.htm
![Page 18: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Moth larva infected with a Polyhedrosis virusMoth larva infected with a Polyhedrosis virus
I donI don’’ttfeel so feel so good.good.
http://www.monarchlab.org/lab/research/topics/Enemies/Default.aspx
![Page 19: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Key points on Biological Control
•Describe two key arthropod classes of biocontrol agents
•What are the constraints of biological control
•What are the advantages of biocontrol
•Give other non-insect biocontrol agents
![Page 20: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Another true bug munchingon an aphid. - A directpredator.
A “mule killer” - a winglessparasitoid wasp - alsoknown as velvet ants.
ByeBye
Photo’s: Ken Gray photo collection, OSU
![Page 21: Pests Plagues & Politics Lecture 14 Biological Control Controlling “Pest” Insects Let’s Go Let’s Go Green](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052603/56649daf5503460f94a9cd76/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Key points: Biological Control
•Describe two key arthropod classes of biocontrol agents•What are the constraints of biological control•What are the advantages of biocontrol•Give other non-insect biocontrol agents