PETAL-II Preliminary Eurocontrol Test of Air/ground data Link, Phase II

Operational Validation &Early Implementation

PETAL-II Preliminary Eurocontrol Test of Air/ground data Link, Phase II

Operational Validation &Early Implementation

Rob MeadRob Mead

PETAL-II Trials & Project ManagerPETAL-II Trials & Project Manager

Eurocontrol, DIS/ATDEurocontrol, DIS/ATD

TopicsTopics

Aims and ObjectivesAims and Objectives

Current OperationsCurrent Operations

Results and LessonsResults and Lessons

ATN extension & PITATN extension & PIT

PETAL-I

O pera tiona l P roo f o f C oncept;In itia l R equ irem ents V a lida tion

ODIAC TransitionGuidelines

A R IN C 623 based:O C M , D C L, A T IS

ODIAC Operational Requirem entsDocum ent

A TN -like C P D LC : A C M , C IC , D C L, D S CO ther S erv ices: C A P , D -O TIS , D -R V R

PETAL-II

D e ta iled R equ irem ents V a lida tion ;L im ited N ew Functiona lity

ODIAC M id-TermRequirem ents

Techno logy Independant:S urve illance , FL IP C Y , D Y N A V ,

P P D , C O TR A C

ODIAC Mem bers

C ontro lle rs , A ircrewC om m unica tions eng ineers

A vion ics and FD P S eng ineers

EOLIA / ProATN

P re-certified A TN -based a ir and ground sys tem s

ICAO ADSPRTCA / Eurocae

etc.

Original ContextOriginal Context

We are Essentially DoneWe are Essentially Done

We Met Our Original Objectives in 1998We Met Our Original Objectives in 1998 Multiple equipped aircraft on one channelMultiple equipped aircraft on one channel Total rewrite of Total rewrite of thethe key service (transfer) key service (transfer) Numerous defects identified (e.g. timers)Numerous defects identified (e.g. timers) Requirements gaps identifiedRequirements gaps identified Operational contact exceeds expectationsOperational contact exceeds expectations Accelerated implementation of air/ground datalinkAccelerated implementation of air/ground datalink

Within cost and schedule targetsWithin cost and schedule targets Operational package validatedOperational package validated

New Objectives: PETAL-IIeNew Objectives: PETAL-IIe Virtually no trials objectives left after 1998Virtually no trials objectives left after 1998

AAL offeredAAL offered

First fully certified and approved ATN avionicsFirst fully certified and approved ATN avionics

End-to-end functionality based onEnd-to-end functionality based on

cooperative FAA and European development cooperative FAA and European development

Transatlantic harmonization for full operationsTransatlantic harmonization for full operations

PETAL-II Operational PackagePETAL-II Operational Package OperationalOperational trials, in situ, trials, in situ, with userswith users Pilot and controller always in commandPilot and controller always in command Voice readback before clearance executionVoice readback before clearance execution Fully silent for all other communicationsFully silent for all other communications CPDLC message set (42 up, 22 down)CPDLC message set (42 up, 22 down)

Routine R/T (transfer, level, route, heading, Routine R/T (transfer, level, route, heading, crossing conditions, vertical rate, speed, etc.)crossing conditions, vertical rate, speed, etc.)

A little ADS and CM / AFN (log-on)A little ADS and CM / AFN (log-on) ATN (and FANS-1/A) compliant events.ATN (and FANS-1/A) compliant events. Multiple a/g datalink-equipped aircraftMultiple a/g datalink-equipped aircraft

SITA

VDL-4 stations

PETAL-II Gateway

Mode-S

End-to-End Partners, Current OpsEnd-to-End Partners, Current Ops

FranceMaastricht

VDL-4prototype ATN FANS-1/A

SAS, Lufthansa SRA, ANZ, UAL, DLH, QFA, SIA, ACA, COA

Simulation

Downlink Parameters

ICAO CNS/ATM Operational data and behavior

Applicable Airspace (in 2010)

red: >200 IFR flights / dayred: >200 IFR flights / day

Maastricht Controller HMIMaastricht Controller HMI

NEAN Airborne HMINEAN Airborne HMI

B747-400 MCDU

B777 Flight DeckB777 Flight Deck

Airbus Flight DeckAirbus Flight Deck

2119Z FROM KZAK CTL

AT ALCOA CLB TO & MAINT FL310

OPEN

*UNABLE

<OTHER

STBY*

WILCO*

ATCCOMM

PETAL-II Review (current ops)PETAL-II Review (current ops)

4087 flights used CPDLC thru August 20004087 flights used CPDLC thru August 2000 Now 300+ CPDLC flights / monthNow 300+ CPDLC flights / month Regular use fromRegular use from

DC-9: SAS (NEAN) - currently deactivatedDC-9: SAS (NEAN) - currently deactivated B747-200: DLH (NEAN) - currently deactivatedB747-200: DLH (NEAN) - currently deactivated B747-400: DLH, QFA, ANZ, SIA, ACA (FANS-1)B747-400: DLH, QFA, ANZ, SIA, ACA (FANS-1) B777: UAL, COA (FANS-1)B777: UAL, COA (FANS-1)

Multi-stack operations in placeMulti-stack operations in place All day, all sectors (16)All day, all sectors (16)

Overall ActivityOverall ActivityOverall Logon, CPDLC, Performance, and

Uplinks

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Logon

CPDLC

# Uplinks

Operational Acceptance LessonsOperational Acceptance Lessons Performance Performance stabilitystability seems to be a key seems to be a key

Controller familiarity is a Controller familiarity is a keykey risk risk Target: One flight per controller shiftTarget: One flight per controller shift

Training is criticalTraining is critical and it does not go away after IOCand it does not go away after IOC

HMI is critical (air and ground)HMI is critical (air and ground) Advanced displays needed on groundAdvanced displays needed on ground Dedicated displays recognized as useful for airDedicated displays recognized as useful for air EICAS appreciated in airEICAS appreciated in air Mode control panel synch appreciated in airMode control panel synch appreciated in air Advanced air HMI appreciated on groundAdvanced air HMI appreciated on ground

HMI, HMI, HMIHMI, HMI, HMI

Operational Uplinks SentOperational Uplinks SentOperational Uplinks Sent

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

98_0

8

98_1

0

98_1

2

99_0

4

99_0

6

99_0

8

99_1

0

99_1

2

00_0

2

00_0

4

00_0

6

00_0

8

up_transfer

up_level

up_heading

up_speed

up_route

up_time

up_instruction

up_levelspeed

up_emergency

Message Set lessonsMessage Set lessons Sub-sets are needed, and will existSub-sets are needed, and will exist

Interop mechanism needed to assist crews Interop mechanism needed to assist crews and controllers in handling themand controllers in handling them

Go slow: build a littleGo slow: build a little Your controllers and crews have enough to Your controllers and crews have enough to

learn with CPDLC; don't swamp themlearn with CPDLC; don't swamp them Start with the HMI; you'll cut your messagesStart with the HMI; you'll cut your messages

There is a common set across airspacesThere is a common set across airspaces If we can define it, we can optimize HMIs.If we can define it, we can optimize HMIs.

Pay Attention to Transfer of CommPay Attention to Transfer of Comm EssentialEssential service (if it doesn't work, nothing service (if it doesn't work, nothing

does)does)

Probably the highest operational benefitProbably the highest operational benefit 8.33 channels noticeably increased its utility8.33 channels noticeably increased its utility

Major differences with other regions = Major differences with other regions = troubletrouble If you do, both aircrew If you do, both aircrew andand controllers will suffer controllers will suffer

In this airspace, don't assume datalinkIn this airspace, don't assume datalink Design for voice transfers as common modeDesign for voice transfers as common mode Holds true for Holds true for allall CPDLC services CPDLC services

Mixed EquipageMixed Equipage Simultaneous datalink aircraft / sectorSimultaneous datalink aircraft / sector

Up to 30 aircraft (all types) in sector at one timeUp to 30 aircraft (all types) in sector at one time Max number datalink aircraft: 3Max number datalink aircraft: 3 Flight time / sector: 5 - 30 minutesFlight time / sector: 5 - 30 minutes Overlap time: 1 - 26 minutesOverlap time: 1 - 26 minutes Datalink use: heavy to not at allDatalink use: heavy to not at all

Mixed equipage Mixed equipage preliminarypreliminary results results Not considered a serious problem Not considered a serious problem butbut Will limit benefitsWill limit benefits Minimum one flight per control session requiredMinimum one flight per control session required

Multi-Stack ArchitectureMulti-Stack Architecture

ControllerHMI

ControllerHMI

ControllerHMI

ControllerHMI

Flight Data Processing System- Flight plan / address association- ATN SARPS (ICAO doc 9705), CPDLC, ADS, CM- All datalink service logic (e.g. connection set-up / transfer, timers, etc.)

P2FEP

NFEP- Aircraft address/state- ASE emulation CM, CPDLC, ADS- Data conversion

FaFEP- Aircraft address/state- ASE emulation CM, CPDLC, ADS- Data conversion

ALLA- Aircraft address/state- Data conversion

ProATN - ASEs: CM, CPDLC, ADS - ATN Router

FANS-1/A Gateway

NEANServer

IDD BER

IDDPERP

ET

AL

Gat

eway

PE

TA

L G

atew

ay

PETAL In A NutshellPETAL In A Nutshell

FANS-1/A Accommodation (2)FANS-1/A Accommodation (2) Key shortcomings for this airspace typeKey shortcomings for this airspace type

Legacy / older HMIsLegacy / older HMIs Lack of magnetic heading in ADSLack of magnetic heading in ADS ADS event contract limitationsADS event contract limitations Airways / route designator definitions ( 7 vs. 5 ch)Airways / route designator definitions ( 7 vs. 5 ch) RCP (reliability, performance, integrity)RCP (reliability, performance, integrity) Key log-on data missingKey log-on data missing No lat/long back-up for route pointsNo lat/long back-up for route points

ARINC 424 vs. ICAO nav databasesARINC 424 vs. ICAO nav databases No logical response (European issue)No logical response (European issue) Old messages displayed without warningOld messages displayed without warning Delivery Assurance??Delivery Assurance??

Our Biggest Keys to SuccessOur Biggest Keys to Success

Minimize Your Procedural FixesMinimize Your Procedural Fixes

Work the procedures Work the procedures duringduring systems design systems design allows you to use system solutions to fix system allows you to use system solutions to fix system

problemsproblems procedural work-arounds are bad newsprocedural work-arounds are bad news

Procedures will break-downProcedures will break-down Step on the phraseStep on the phrase

"That won't happen if they follow the procedures" "That won't happen if they follow the procedures" Sometimes, they won't follow the procedure.Sometimes, they won't follow the procedure.

Recognise that, and help them if you can. Recognise that, and help them if you can.

ODIAC MethodologyODIAC Methodology Direct quote from a requirements document:Direct quote from a requirements document:

The standardisation afforded by the SARPs provides The standardisation afforded by the SARPs provides assurances that aircraft implementations by different assurances that aircraft implementations by different manufacturers will be interoperable with … ground manufacturers will be interoperable with … ground systemssystems

This is not entirely accurateThis is not entirely accurate PETAL-II implemented:PETAL-II implemented:

rapidly, and with very few "teething pains"rapidly, and with very few "teething pains" We had the ODIAC source material (end-end)We had the ODIAC source material (end-end) We maintained the We maintained the multi-disciplinemulti-discipline, user-driven , user-driven

approachapproach

Pre-requisite: Integration TeamPre-requisite: Integration Team Develop End-to-End SpecificationsDevelop End-to-End Specifications

End-end procedures, automation, messagesEnd-end procedures, automation, messages interoperable use of SARPS, now to DO/EDinteroperable use of SARPS, now to DO/ED

Plan and coordinate certificationPlan and coordinate certification Plan and coordinate initial fieldingPlan and coordinate initial fielding

(air, ground, comm) (air, ground, comm) Formalise issues via RTCA/Eurocae, ICAOFormalise issues via RTCA/Eurocae, ICAO Monitor and manage operationsMonitor and manage operations Multi-discipline approach essentialMulti-discipline approach essential Introduced Introduced afterafter firm commitments firm commitments

Accountability essentialAccountability essential Streamlined structure essentialStreamlined structure essential

Standards bodies are Standards bodies are notnot well suited to this well suited to this

Certification Framework Applicant Harmonizing Approval

AuthorityDoc's

Avionics

HON? EquipmentManufacturer

NationalAirworthinessAuthority (NAA)

NAA JTSO-TSO(or STC?)

A/C

SRA? AircraftManufacturer

JAA NAA Type Cert

AAL Operator FAA FAA STC

Op

Approve AAL

SRA

Operator National ATMSafetyRegulator(NASM)

NASM OperationalApproval

ATM

ATM ServiceProvider

NASM NASM Approval

Maas EurocontrolPrograms

SRC ASRU onbehalf ofNASM

Approval

SITA

VDL-4 stations

PETAL-II Gateway

Mode-S

ARINC a/g ATN VDL-2

End-to-End Partners, Next GenerationEnd-to-End Partners, Next Generation

FranceMaastricht

VDL-4prototype ATN FANS-1/A

SAS, Lufthansa AAL SRA, ANZ, UAL, DLH, QFA, SIA, ACA, COA

Simulation

Downlink Parameters

French Shadow Mode FAA

ICAO CNS/ATM Operational data and behavior

Collins Avionics

PETAL-II Integration Team (PIT)

1997 1998 1999199619951994 2000 2001 20042002 2003 2007 ….20062005

Base-1Base-2

PIT

Sim

B-1

B-1A

B-2

FAA Implementation Program

CPC

ADS

AIDC

PETAL

Op Concept

Op Requirements

LINK

Sim

PETAL-II extension

PETAL-II

ARINC PETAL II VDL Mode 2/ATN Coverage (FL250)ARINC PETAL II VDL Mode 2/ATN Coverage (FL250)

ConclusionConclusion Additional Partners always welcomeAdditional Partners always welcome

FANS-1 (controller familiarity now)FANS-1 (controller familiarity now)

ATN (help achieve operational harmonization)ATN (help achieve operational harmonization)

Monthly report, PIT, or newsletter distro?Monthly report, PIT, or newsletter distro?

ContactContact rob.mead@eurocontrol.berob.mead@eurocontrol.be petal2@eurocontrol.bepetal2@eurocontrol.be www.eurocontrol.be/projects/eatchip/petal2/www.eurocontrol.be/projects/eatchip/petal2/