peter head - urban design for the ecological age
TRANSCRIPT
C O N N E C T E D URBANDEVELOPMENT
urban design for the ecological age
Integrated urbanism and the transition in the agricultural and industrial age urban centresPeter .R. Head - OBE - FREng - FRSA Director Arup 23rd September 2008 Amsterdam
Can we move towards a sustainable way of living?
What policies and investments are needed in low, middle and high income countries?
What is the role of connected urban development innovations in leading this transition to an Ecological Age?
Our Shrinking Earth
19007.91
19505.15
19872.60
20052.02
20301.69
20501.44
YearHectares of land per capita
Ecological Footprint city comparisons
USA 9 global hectares per person
Western Europe 6 global hectares per person
China 1.6 global hectares per person
-
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Sant
iago
Beijin
g
Toky
o
Lond
on
Shan
ghai
Toro
nto
New
York
Hous
ton
EF (g
ha./c
ap)
OtherServicesGoodsMobilityHousingFood
Global Earthshare 1.8 global hectares per person
The Mitigation Challenge: Global ‘energy hunger’
Oil Reserves Have PeakedEnergy Watch Group. “Crude Oil: The Supply Outlook”. EWG-Series No3/2007 October 2007.
Urban density-transport energy use
x 4
x 2
newman and kenworthy
1. Use waste as a resource2. Diversify and co-operate3. Gather and use energy efficiently4. Optimise not maximise5. Use materials sparingly6. Clean up, not pollute7. Do not draw down resources8. Remain in balance with the biosphere9. Run on information10. Shop locally Janine Benyus
Biomimicry
Winning Strategies for the ‘ecological age’
‘Smart Responsive Simplicity’
integrated urbanism• Human and Environmental Health• Economic Vitality and Individual Prosperity• Energy• Housing• Nutrition and Urban Rural Linkages • Mobility and Access• Communications• Education and Culture• Governance and Civic Engagement• Water• Materials and Waste• Ecological Footprint
urbanism the sustainable approach
A new methodology for delivering better
performance outcomes in cities:
Virtuous Cycles of Value in the Masterplanning
Source: Duvigneaud, DeSmet 1977
Integrated Resource ManagementMaster Plan
Ener
gy
Tran
spor
t
Food
Pro
duct
ion
Econ
omic
s
Oth
ers
Was
te M
an.
Logi
stic
s
Was
tew
ater
Wat
er s
uppl
yLinking the overarching master-plan to the technical disciplines
Understanding interactions and feedback loops between elements
the system of city/rural life
Human Development Index Increase(CO – 80%)2 +1.44GHA/CapitaEcological Footprint
+=2050 Ecological Age
(CO – 80%)2
1.44GHA/CapitaEcological Footprint
+
Human Development Index Increase
2050 Ecological Age
+
=
Low to middle income countries
Transition from agricultural to ecological age
A new paradigm of urban and rural development with integrated urban-rural resource flows
Models - eco-city plans in China and Curitiba
Middle to high income countries
Transition from industrial to ecological age
City retrofitting and reconnect urban-rural
resource flows
Models -London Climate Change Action Plan and Freiburg
Transport infrastructure for the ecological age
• High speed rail connecting city centres and international airports-replaces regional air travel for distances of 600 to 800km
• Zero emission mass transport in cities
• Consolidation centres for freight delivery using green vehicle fleets
Vancouver Skyrail, CanadaImage by Poyang Hsueh
Press Office City of Munster, Germany
:
Energy infrastructure for the ecological age
• Large scale renewable energy-wind, wave, tidal stream, hydro and concentrated solar in deserts. Hydrogen production as energy storage
• Decentralised renewable energy power, heating and cooling-micro grids
• Carbon sequestration at coal, oil and gas power stations-short carbon cycling
Waste to Energy Plant, Sheffield, UK
Pier
re T
ourig
ny
Rau
l Lie
berw
irth
Resource management for the ecological age
• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste to create energy and compost
• Water capture and recycling of waste water
• Nutrient recycling into the food chain
• City food production on rooftops and in buildings
• Mining of materials from existing cities
Kiss + Cathcart Architects
Kiss + Cathcart Architects
New York Sun Works
Integrating all known applicable plant science and classic systems engineering principles ensuring near optimum growing conditions
plant factories
Communication systems
Real time local services
Urban Information Architecture Methodology
UIA VisionAndStrategy
BusinessCase
Solutions & Supply Chain
Operations
FutureProofing
CivilEng.
The entire process is fully aligned with Integrated Urbanism, Masterplanning, The Development Strategy, Design, the Capital
Programme and the Commercial Plan
…Information and Supply of Technology
Who Designs
Who Pays
Who Gains
Who Delivers
Who Operates
Large Cities Climate Leadership GroupClinton Climate Initiative
accelerate carbon emissions reductions and provide direct assistance through buying clubs
London, New York, Stockholm, San Francisco, Toronto, Shanghai, Delhi, Mexico City, Beijing, Berlin, Barcelona, Chicago, Sao Paulo, Rome, Paris, Madrid, Melbourne, Istanbul, Tokyo, Moscow, Warsaw
“
”
• Focus on mitigation
• Delivering CO2 reduction targets focusing on initiatives with highest CO2 impact
• Create a shared climate change agenda – identify actions by individuals, Government, business that enable a city to meet its targets
Climate Change Action Plan -
Objectives
Delivery mechanism for city retrofit• Public private partnerships at a regional scale with
initial pilot project
• Partners would include utilities for energy, water and waste, public and private sector land owners, public transport and logistics companies, major resource suppliers
• Value drivers for public sector would be improved economic, social and environmental performance at a regional scale
• Value drivers for private sector would be faster planning approval, lower investment costs, larger returns on investment, attraction of lower cost investment capital, new climate change legislation
Downing Street Signing.JPGRESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCHTRAINING
CHINA
PARTNERSHIPlearning from the east
UK
learning from the west
UK Research Institute for Sustainable Cities
China Research Institute for Sustainable Cites
Which future?