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Slide 2 Peter Hummel, ASLA, Anchor Environmental Living with the Nearshore: Beaches, Seawalls and What lies in Between Presented to Prepared by May 13, 2005 University of Washington Department of Landscape Architecture Slide 3 Presentation Overview Understanding the Nearshore Blending Human Uses with Habitat Nearshore Project Examples Summary-Key Questions Questions and Discussion Slide 4 Understanding the Nearshore What is the Nearshore Nearshore Physical Processes Ecological Functions of the Nearshore Location in the Landscape Habitat Modifications and Effects Slide 5 Source: King County Department of Natural Resources Understanding the Nearshore Slide 6 Nearshore Physical Processes Source: http://meted.ucar.edu/marine/ripcurrents/NSF/print.htm Slide 7 Understanding Waves Source: http://meted.ucar.edu/marine/ripcurrents/NSF/print.htm Slide 8 Slide 9 Sediment Supply Drift cell based Sediment supply potential none high low exceptional moderate Sediment supply connectivity none moderate low high Slide 10 Sediment Supply Analysis Slide 11 Essential Functions of Nearshore for Juvenile Salmon Food Production Predator Refuge Physiological Refuge High-energy Refuge Migratory Corridor Slide 12 Ecological Functions of Nearshore Habitats Food Resources Predator Refuge Physiol. Refuge Energy Refuge Migration Corridor Beneficial Habitat Parameters Embayment++ Forage Fish Distributions + Eelgrass+++ Proximity to Salmon Trib. +++ Emergent Marsh+++ Riparian Overhang + Intertidal Vegetation +++ Extended Segment * Importance in habitat-forming processes Habitat Type/ Sediment Sup. Unquantified importance / importance in habitat-forming processes Notes: * This attribute only applied for shoreline segments identified as having exceptional or high sediment supply potential Yellow textHabitat parameters that receive a weighting factor Slide 13 Landscape Position: South Sound Slide 14 Landscape Position: Seattle Slide 15 Source: Williams and Thom (2001) Impacts Controlling Factors Habitat Structures Habitat Processes Juvenile Salmonid Needs Shoreline modifications Pollution Depth Substrate Slope Light Salinity Vegetation Vegetation density Vegetation biomass Diversity Patch size and shape Landscape position Production Shading Sediment flux Nutrient flux Food production Predator Refuge Physiological Refuge Energy Refuge Migratory Corridor Nearshore Habitat Modifications & Effects: Conceptual Model Slide 16 Blending Human Uses with Habitat Habitat Perspective: How Good and How Altered Human Use Perspective: Existing & Proposed Uses and Facilities Space and Property Lines Cost/Benefits Feasibility: Restoration Versus Enhancement of Specific Ecological Functions Slide 17 Restoration Prioritization Habitat Opportunities Landscape Considerations Habitat Constraints Habitat Improvement Potential Combined Improvement Potential Restoration Feasibility Reach Restoration Priority No Action- Conserve Site High Priority Medium Priority Low Priority No Action- Use Conflict Site Features Site Location No Action- Conserve Site Park Use Opportunities Park Use Constraints Source: Seattle Parks Shoreline Inventory and Habitat Assessment Slide 18 Results of Prioritization Slide 19 How Good and How Altered Slide 20 Restoration Example: Rainier Beach Lake Park Slide 21 Rainier Beach Lake Park Restoration Opportunities Slide 22 Rainier Beach Design Concept Slide 23 Slide 24 Restoration Example: Martha Washington Park Existing Conditions Slide 25 Martha Washington Park Restoration Opportunities Slide 26 Martha Washington Design Concept Slide 27 Slide 28 Martha Washington Park Construction Slide 29 Martha Washington Park Completion Slide 30 Restoration Example: Seahurst Park Microcosm of Puget Sound Shoreline Habitats Habitat Forming Processes Restoration Opportunity Shoreline and Park Master Plan Slide 31 Shoreline Restoration Goals Preserve existing functioning nearshore habitats Remove existing shoreline protection structures Model restored beach slopes and substrates after natural on-site and adjacent reference beaches Replenish gravel and sand lost to bulkhead induced erosion Restore and protect the natural hillside sediment delivery paths Slide 32 Station 10+00 Pre-Construction Slide 33 Station 10+00 Construction (Sand/Gravel over Base Gravel) Slide 34 Station 10+00 Completed Beach Slide 35 Lower Beach Rock Removal Mid Project Before Mid Project After Slide 36 Beach Monitoring Initial Results Beach Profiles: 1973, 2004, 2005 Beach Sediment Sample Source: Johannessen, Coastal Geologic Services, 2005 Slide 37 Required Biological Monitoring Pre-Project Initial Results Forage Fish Monitoring Eelgrass Survey Slide 38 Desirable Biological Pre-Project Monitoring Initial Results Epibenthic On-Site Sampling Location Comparisons Source: Toft, UW Wetland Ecosystem Team, 2005 Slide 39 Restoration Example: Squalicum Waterway Existing Conditions Slide 40 Restoration Example: Dickman Mill Park Slide 41 Slide 42 Slide 43 Restoration Example: Golden Gardens Park Slide 44 Slide 45 Terracing Example: Sunnyside Beach Park Slide 46 Terracing Example: Thea Foss Esplanade Slide 47 Slide 48 Slide 49 Terracing Example: Theas Park Slide 50 Slide 51 Seawall Beach Fill Example: Seacrest Park Slide 52 Seawall Beach Fill Example: Olympic Sculpture Park Slide 53 Slide 54 Slide 55 Summary-Key Questions What is the Position of the Site in the Larger Nearshore Landscape? What were the Sites Historic Conditions and Ecological Functions? Can Habitat Forming Processes be Restored? What are the Spatial Requirements of Existing and Proposed Human Uses and Facilities? What are the Costs/Benefits of Restoration at This Site? What Specific Ecological Functions can the Project Enhance? Slide 56 Questions and Discussion