petroleum facilites of germany 1945 103

8/14/2019 Petroleum Facilites of Germany 1945 103

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REFINING - 85General"3 . 0 R E P I N I N G

GENERAL

^ S * ? 0 * 8 ** o i l production in prewar years neverr e f i n e r l Q s were dependent upon imported supplies of l - ^ ^ i ^ e * products for the bulk of the ir f eed s to cks .* J ? Germany's t o t a l petroleum requirements were Imported in a !?ow ^ i ! 4 ^ f in i sh ed s ta te . Hence , th e to ta l re f inery ca pa c i ty of approximate ly 3 ,000 ,000 metr ic tons was r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l as compared to the c o u n t r y ? "i0?if *JWaS d e 8 l n e dItUllLlTT^9 *$< Tth*Ot ** the processing and rerunningoils fa) Partly finished products, rather than complete refining of crude6 W a r f v a l l S t i o s o o m P i l e d b v4o* w ^ e United States Mines Bureau show that approxima te ly o ne - th ird of the g a s o l i n e and two - th irds of the l u b r i c a t i n g o i l importedunderwent further process ing in Germany. S in ce Germany for m erl y imported most ofher g a so l ine requirements and during the war has obta ined large quant i t ies of g a so l ine from her new s y n t h e t i c p l a n t s , and as cracking produces gasoline at the ex

pense of d l e s e l o i l and l u b r i o a t i n g o i l s to cks , o n ly a few of the German refineriesare equipped with cracking units . In a number of the important ref iner ies thepro duct io n of lub ric an ts was, and is , g iven pa rt ic ula r emphasis, and pr io r to the waGermany exported con sid era ble q u an ti t ie s of s p e c i a l and high grade lubrioants .S t a t i s t i c s from B r i t i s h s o u ro es for three recent prewar years depict theg enera l pa t t ern of German ref ini ng a c t i v i t y pr ior to 1938 .

German Refining Activity Prior to 1938rinMetrlo Tons1935 1936 1937

Oils Treftteg:Crude oilTopped crudeCoal tar oilsUnfinished gasoline847,800330,400377,900137,700

968,100458,800582,200202,5001 ,172,900424,400640,600205,400Other semi-processed oils 340,100 809,200 845,800

2,033,900 3,020,800 3 ,489,100Products ptytftloesUBenzine and gasoline 577,000 877,800 1,259,700Kerosenes 52,100 55,900 77,200Gas and fuel oil 366,700 431,700 463,700

Crude lubrioants and residues 207,100 270,200 341,700Paraffin wax 20,200 26,500 28,000Bitumen 406,200 538,800 582,500Petroleum ooke 43,500 50,300 68,400Other Products 236,000 84,900 530,900T O T A 1,908,800 2,336,100 3 ,352,100

The largest concentration of refineries is at Hamburg where approximately 60per cent of Germany's refinery capacity is located and where some 85 per cent ofall imported crude and residues were refined. The large Deurag-Nerag refinery islocated at Hannover and two smaller ones are located at Peine and Dolbergen in theHannover area where 75 per cent of Germany's indigenous crude oil is produced.(a) Prewar import and export statistics may be found on pages 222 and 223.


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- REFININGPriaoipal refineries

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REFINING - 87Principal refineries

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88 - REFININGGeneral

Important refineries also exist at Bremen, Heide , Monheim, Ostermoor and Salzbergen,The remaining refineries are in scattered looations and many of them are primarily-rerunning and treating plants for special products and lubricants rather than complete refining units operating on crude petroleum. Though the production of indigenous German crude oil has been greatly increased since the war, it still amountsto only some 700,000 tons per year, or much below total refinery capacity. At thesame same time the greatest emphasis has been placed on the construction of synthetio oil pla nts . For these reasons German refineries have undergone little expansion. Howev er, most of them have remained activeparticularl y those operatingon indigenous German crude and those engaged in the production of lubricants*There are persistent rumors that the Germans have built a number of small refiningunits at dispersed looations, some of them said to be underground, in order to minimize the effects of aerial attacks. There is no definite confirmation of this andany such units would of necessity be small and of limited utility.The principal German refineries are listed in the table on page 86, and thelooations are shown on the map on page 84.Refinery units operating in, or ancillary to, high temperature carbonization(H.T.C.) and low temperature carbonization (L.T.G.) tar plants and synthetic oilworks,and which are properly a part of the synthetic oil industry,are not included

herein (a). Also,there are a large number of small plants engaged in the productionor treatment of industrial benzines,lubricants,and specialty products,which,thoughmore or less related to the refining industry,cannot be identified and cataloguedwithin the scope of this report (b ). However,the Toltol lubricating oil plant and thetwo known tetra-ethyl-lead plants, due to their special significance,are described onpages 139 to 141 . Since the beginning of the war a number of small plants have beenvery active in the regeneration of used lubricating oil.Plants known to have been soengaged are listed in Appendix 8. Anumber of new plants believed to be producingshale oil are listed on page 81 in the Producing section.Data on many of the German refineries is meager, but the refineries are listed,by localities, alphabetically and information concerning each one is summarized, inthe following pag es. Where available, layout plans and photographs of the plants,from the files of parent companies or construction companies, are presented. These

plans, of course, represent the prewar plants and do not indicate possible additionsand changes during recent years. In most cases, however, such plans are not available but it has been possible to prepare general layout sketches from air ebver.All the German refineries have been subjected to repeated bombing attacks and havebeen more or less severely damaged. However, oontrary to some expectations, it hasproven extremely difficult to entirely knock out a refinery and although their operations have been considerably hampered, the Germans have demonstrated an abilityto rehabilitate the plants and keep them operating at higher rates than was at firstthought possible. No effort is made in this report to evaluate the constantlychanging status resulting from bomb damage and the refinery capacities .listed areeither actual or estimated figures for operating capacities under normal conditions(c).(a) Exception is made for the Deutsche Petroleum A. G. refinery at Rositz which, due

to its size and the fact that it is thought to sometimes process natural petroleum, is listed with the oil refineries though its principal feed stook isprobably L.T.C. tars,(b) Among such plants are the Erdolwerke "Deutscher Adler" G,m,b,H, at Dolbergen,the Deutsche Viscobil Oel A.G. in Berlin, the Danubia A.G. ffir MineralolIndustrie at Regensburg, Johann Halterman benzol refinery at Hamburg, the MineralSlRaffinerie Rheinan G.m.b.H. at Mannheim, the Mexas Kaltasphalt A.G. at Prina,the Mineralol Raffinerie vorm. August Korff in Bremen, Zeller k, Gmelin inEislingen-Fils, Coiner Benzin-Raffinerie Kroseberg & C o . , and Max Loeb Benzin-Benzol Mineralolwerk, both in Cologne.(c) For the sake of uniformity, storage capacities for all plants are given inmetric tons, A majority of the figures and estimates have been obtained fromBritish sources and in many cases it appears that metric tons refer to a metrioton of water or the equivalent of one M*. For this reason the factor of 6.3barrels per ton has been employed when calculating the oapaoities in barrels.


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REFINING - 89Berlin3.2 BERLIN

Refinery: "Brenntsg" Brennstoff-Chemikalien- und Transport A.G.Location: In the Britz district of Berlin.Plans and Maps: None available. See page 331 for map of Berlin.Description: Annual capacity is reported to be 50,000 metric tons. There Is verylittle information on this small refinery and no plans nor location maps areavailable. It formerly belonged to Philip Mttsham and is thought to be primarily a gasoline and benzine plant.Refinery: Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum-Gesellschaft.Location: Saalburgstrasse, 4, in the Tempelhof district of Berlin. The TeltowCanal bounds the plant on the north.Plans and Maps: Layout plan on page 90, Location shown on map on page 331.Description: Annual capacity 30,000 metric tons. This is a small rerunning plantwitttwo small stills, agitator, and attendent equipment, for the production ofspecial grades of gasoline, benzine, etc. There is a boilerhouse, puraphouse,and filling racks for tank cars, barges and trucks.

Total tankage amounts to 33,150 metric tons (209,000 barrels).Refinery: MineralOlwerk Lichtenberg G.m.b.H. & Co., K.G.Location: Herzbergstrasse, 35, in the Lichtenberg district of Berlin.Plans and Maps: None available. See map on page 331 for approximate location.Description: Annual capacity approximately 25,000 metric tons. This small plant isdescribed as having distillation, rectification, and refining facilities butlittle data and no plans or maps are available. Tankage Is estimated at4,000 metric tons (25,200 barrels).

3.3 BREMENBafinery: Deutsche Vacuum Oel A.G.Location: At Oslebshausen, a suburb northwest of Bremen. Latitude 53 8' N, longitude 8 43f E. The plant is located between Hflttenstrasse and Hafen G, on thenorth bank of the Weser River and is accessible to ocean tankers.Plans and Maps: Layout plan on page 91. Location map on page 269 . Photographson page 92*Description: Annual capacity 80,000 metric tons. This modern refinery processedIndigenous German crude, primarily for the production of high grade lubricantsand for this reason ranks high in importance among the German refineries.

A portion of the lub. distillates produced by this plant were shipped bybarge or rail tank oar to the company's plant at Schulau, near Hamburg, for^finishing, compounding, wax treatment, etc#Principal items of prewar equipment are listed on page 93.


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90 REFININGD.A.P.G.* Berl in

DEUTSCH - AMERIKANISCHEPETROLEUM - GESELLSCHAFTBERLIN

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REFINING - Deutsche Vacuum Oel, Bremen


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92 - REFININGD eu tsc he Vacuum O el, Bremen

VIEW LO O KI NG EAST, REFINERY OF DEUTSCHE VA CU UM OEL A .G ., BREMEN (OSLEBSHAUSEN). STORAG E TANKS ARE LO CATED IN BAC KGR OUN D ON THE LEFT, DISTILLATION SECTION IS O N THE RIGHT.

VIEW O F DEUTSCHE VAC UU M OEL A.G . REFINERY, BREMEN (OSLEBSHAUSEN). FRO MPOWER STATION LOO KING NORTHEAST TOW AR D STORAGE TANKS.


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REFINING - 93DolbergenDaily Rated CapacityBbls.(42 Gala.)

1 Foster-Wheeler Pipe Still - Atmospheric & Vacuum Stage 1,000Shell still 1,000Duo-sol solvent treating of lube oils (intake) 950Benzone-acetone dewaxing, 500Two filters, possibly a third installedContact filtration of lube oilsCompounding and blenidng of lube oilsGasoline and kerosene treatingEarly in 1939, work was started to increase the rated capacity of the pipestill to 2,600 barrels per day and of the Duo-sol plant to 1,860 barrels perday.Powerhouse.- A new powerhouse was projected in early 1939, the principal

new equipment to be 2-40 atms. sectional boilers, 16 tons normal/h - 20 tonsmaximum, stoker fired; 2 turbo generators 6,000 v - 1,600 kw each; A permutitewater treating plant; 3 feed water pumps; coal handling equipment, etc.Total tankage capacity approximately 165,000 metric tons (1,039,500 barrels),

3.4 DOLBERGENRefinery: Deutsche Gasolin A.G.Location: North of the railway line just north of the town of Dolbergen 22 mileseast of Hannover. Latitude 52 25 N, longitude 10 11 E.Plans and Maps: Layout sketch and location map, on page 124.Description: Annual capacity: 40,000 metric tons. This refinery operates on Germancrude from the oil fields around Hannover and its primary object is the production of fuel oil and low grade lubricants such as railway axle oils. Therefinery has shell stills and pipe stills but no cracking facilities. It hasbeen kept in very active operation and has been enlarged during the war.

Adjoining this refinery to the southwest along the railway, lies the smallworks of the ErdOlwerke nDeutscher Adler" G.m.b.H. This is believed to be alub. oil treating plant processing low grade oils supplied by the DeutscheGasolin A.G. refinery.Total tankage: Estimated at 16,000 metric tons (100,800 barrels).

3.5 DORTMJNDRefinery: Westffllische Mineraloel- und Asphaltwerke, W.H. Schmitz K.G.Location* On the north side of the Dortmund petroleum basin on the Dortmund-Ems( W in the Ruhr. Latitude 51 32* N, longitude 7 26* E.Maps and Plans: Layout plan, not available. Location shown on map on page 163.Description: Annual capacity 20,000 metric tons. Little data is available on thissmall "refinery* It has shell stills but no cracking equipment and is believedto manufacture low grade lubricants.


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94 - REFININGD T A T P T G T , DGsseldorf

petroleum facilites of germany 1945 103

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