The PetroleumProgrammeENGLISHFOR THE OIL INDUSTRY

Presented & Preparator by : M . Jalalvand

B.Sc. Petroleum Production Engineering Member of Society of Petroleum Engineer (SPE)Member of Iranian Petroleum Institute (IPI) Member of BPJ

Unit 1The Rig

Section A

Reading comprehension:

 

• Oil is contained in rocks under the ground and in rocks under the sea. To find it, oilmen have to drill boreholes. The equipment for drilling these holes is the drilling rig.

• Most rigs work on the rotary system. A bit rotates at the end of a pipe. As the bit rotates, it cuts and crushes the rock at the Bottom of the hole. The cuttings are carried to the surface by a special fluid. This fluid is called ‘mud’. Mud is a mixture of clay, water and chemicals.

Rotary Drilling Rig

• Look at the diagram of the rotary rig. Notice the string. This is made up of ‘joint’ or ‘single’. Each joint or single is a hallow section of pipe (30 ft). The string is made up of a number of these singles, all joined together.

• The bit is connected to the bottom of the string. At the top of the string there is a special pipe called the ‘Kelly. The Kelly isn’t round, but hexagonal. It fits into a hexagonal hole in the rotary table.

• The rotary table turns the Kelly, the Kelly turns the string and the string turns the rotary bit.

• Mud is not only used for carrying the cuttings up to the surface. It is also used for keeping the bit cool.

• The mud is pumped down through the annulus. The mud engineer or ‘mud man ‘is in charge of the mud.

• For example, he tells the floor men how to mix the mud at the mud tanks.

• It is often necessary to pull the string out of the hole.

• There are different reasons for this. Perhaps, for example the drill bit is dull.

• If the bit is dull, it must be changed. To do this, the driller and the floor man must trip the pipe.

They must pull the string out (a), change the bit (b), and then run the string back into the Hole (c).

Tripping the pipe is also called making a round trip.

Round trips are expensive. Oilman makes them only if they must.

a b

c

Special Words & Expression 1

• Boreholes In the petroleum industry , the words ‘borehole’ ,’hole’ ,’well’ and ‘oil well’ usually mean the same thing .

• Rotary turning like a wheel.

• Rotates turns around and around like a wheel.

• Crushes breaks up into small pieces, using great power.

• Cutting the pieces of rock drilled by the bit.

• Fluid anything that flows. Liquids, gases and melted substances are all fluids.

• Clay an earthy material, plastic when it is wet.

• The most common clay in drilling fluid is Bentonite. Bentonite consists of calcium (ca), magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al).

• Hollow having an empty space on the inside.

• Drill pipe is hollow, so that mud can pass through it.

• Hexagonal having six angles and six sides.

• Floor men workers on a rig .floor man are also called ‘roughnecks’. A mud man or driller can tell a floor man what to do.

• Dull not sharp; worn out; gone. If the bit is gone, it must be changed.

• Driller the person in charge of the drilling.

• Floor men workers on a rig .floor man are also called ‘roughnecks’. A mud man or driller can tell a floor man what to do

• Dull not sharp; worn out; gone. If the bit is gone, it must be changed.

• Driller the person in charge of the drilling.

Cross section

Cross section

A hexagon

1)Mud Tankحفاري گل مخزن

سازي ذخيره جهت كه حمل قابل فلزي مخازنچاله حفر امكان كه مكانهايي در حفاري گل

حفاري گل جهت. گردد مي استفاده مقدورنباشد

2)Shale Shakers تكاننده

پيوسته خطي لرزشي حركت داراييك تكانندهگل از جامد ذرات جداسازي براي كه است

. گيرد مي قرار استفاده مورد

3)Suction lineمكش خط

و كرده خارج مخزن از را محصول يك كه خطيخط همچنين فرستد، مي پمپ مكش قسمت به

. شود مي ناميده پركننده

4)Mud Pumpگل پمپ

گردش براي كه بزرگي برگشتي و رفت پمپمي استفاده حفاري دكل روي بر حفاري گل

شود.

• 7) Draw workدكل آالت ماشين

، كالچها ، محور ، كابل ، باالبر محور براي جمعي نامدكل در كه االت ماسين ساير و ترمزها ، برق تامين

. شود مي استفاده حفاري

• 8) Stand Pipeايستا لوله

تيرك يا حفاري دكل كناره درامتداد كه عمودي لوله يكبه را لجن پمپ خروجي خط و رود مي باال حفاري

به لجن آن ازدرون و ميكند متصل چرخشي خرطومي. شود مي پمپ گودال داخل

• 9) Kelly hose/Rotary hoseحفاري گل خرطومي شيلنگ

از كه حفاري سيال كه دوراني حفاري دكل روي شيلنگيسمت به ايستاده هاي لوله و حفاري گل تلمبه طريق. كند مي هدايت را روند مي چندپر هاي لوله و هرزگرد

• 10) Gooseneck زانويي

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• 11) Travelling blockمتحرک بلوک

حفاری کابل که ها قرقره چرخ و ها قرقره از آرایش یکشود . می پیچیده آن به

• Hookقالب

• 12) Drilling lineحفاري كابل

• 13) Crown blockتاج بلوک

• 14) Derrick حفاري ) ( سكوي دكل

• 15) Monkey board زياد ارتفاع در كاري پالتفرم

حفاري دكل كارگران به مربوط كاري سكوي

• 16) Drill Pipeحفاري لوله

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• Drill collar ) وزني ) لوله مته طوق

• 17) Pipe Rackلوله جاي

• 18) Swivelگردان مفصل

امکان: . , ایجاد حفاری ساقه وزن تحمل کاربردهاحفاری ساقه چرخش و دوران

• 20) Rotary table/Drilling tableدوار / صفحه حفاري ميز

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• Rotaryدورانی چرخشی

حرکت دورانی حرکت با آن در که است حفاری متد. کند می خرد را ها سنگ محور یک حول دورانی

• 23) Blowout Preventer (BOP)فوران از كننده ممانعت

• 25) Drill string حفاري لوله رشته

انتهاي در كه باشد مي يكديگر به متصل هاي لوله شامل. است گرفته قرار سرمته آنها

• 26) Drill bit مته سر

• Drilling mud حفاري گل

چاه داخل كه ديگر افزودني مواد و آب از مخلوطي . سر سازي خنك مخلوط اين وظيفه كند مي گردش

و ها سنگ از شده حفاري هاي خرده انتقال ، متهدفع و چاه ديواره ريزش از جلوگيري ، ها صخره

. باشد مي هيدروكربوني مواد فوران كردن• Mud pit

گل گودالسيال موقت ذخيره براي زمين سطح در كه اي چاله

. است شده كنده حفاري عمليات حين در ها

• Mud Return Lineالي ) ( و گل لجن برگشت خط

در سطحي اتصاالت مابين كه لوله يا آبشخور يكمي مستقر زا نفت هاي سنگ لرزاننده و چاه سوراخ

داخل از حفاري از حاصل لجن آن ميان از و گرددميشود . بازگردانده سطح به سوراخ

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