pew global attitudes - public opinion two decades after the fall of the berlin wall

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1 The Pulse of Europe: 20 Years After the Fall of the Berlin Wall Principal Findings November 2, 2009

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Page 1: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

1

The Pulse of Europe:20 Years After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

Principal Findings

November 2, 2009

Page 2: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Countries Surveyed

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 3: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Approval of Change to Democracy and Capitalism

% Approve ofchange to…Multiparty1991 2009Changesystem % %East Germany91 85 -6Czech Rep. 80 80 0Slovakia 70 71 +1Poland 66 70 +4Hungary 74 56 -18Lithuania 75 55 -20Russia 61 53 -8Bulgaria 76 52 -24Ukraine 72 30 -42

% Approve ofchange to…Market 1991 2009Changeeconomy % %East Germany86 82 -4Czech Rep. 87 79 -8Poland 80 71 -9Slovakia 69 66 -3Bulgaria 73 53 -20Lithuania 76 50 -26Russia 54 50 -4Hungary 80 46 -34Ukraine 52 36 -16

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 4: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Opinions of German Reunification

1991* 2009 ChangeEast Germany % %Positive 89 81 -8Negative 8 16 +8

West GermanyPositive 79 77 -2Negative 15 20 +5

Pew Global Attitudes Project

* In 1991, the question wording was slightly different

Page 5: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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How Life Has Changed as a Result of Unification

West Germany East Germany

13%

20%

1%

67%

Not

affected

Better off

Worse off

DK

63%

16%

3%17%

Not

affected

Better off

Worse off

DK

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 6: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Satisfaction With Life

1991 2009 Change% High (7-10) % %Poland 12 44 +32Slovakia 13 43 +30Russia 7 35 +28Czech Rep. 23 49 +26Lithuania 13 35 +22Ukraine 8 26 +18Bulgaria 4 15 +11Hungary 8 15 +7

Germany 44 47 +3 East 15 43 +28 West 52 48 -4

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 7: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Age Gaps in Life Satisfaction

% High (7-10) Poland Czech Rep. Slovakia

Hungary1991 2009 1991 2009 1991 2009 1991 2009

% % % % % % % %18-29 13 50 21 51 9 58 11 2330-49 13 52 20 57 13 47 6 1750-64 8 40 32 45 11 32 7 1065+ 15 29 19 38 NA* 28 7 9

Bulgaria Lithuania Ukraine Russia

1991 2009 1991 2009 1991 2009 1991 2009% % % % % % % %

18-29 3 28 14 44 7 39 8 4130-49 3 15 17 35 6 27 9 4050-64 4 13 8 30 11 16 6 2865+ 5 8 13 29 NA* 15 3 25

Pew Global Attitudes Project

* Figures not shown because there are too few respondents in this age group.

Page 8: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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People Worse Off Economically Than Under Communism?

72

62

62

48

48

45

39

35

16

18

18

15

12

12

8

12

13

23

29

33

45

47

15

13

Hungary

Ukraine

Bulgaria

Lithuania

Slovakia

Russia

Czech Rep.

Poland

Worse About the same Better

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 9: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Who Benefited From Changes Since 1989/1991?

OrdinaryBusinesspeople owners Politicians

% Great deal/fair amount % % %Czech Rep. 53 86 94Poland 42 85 92Russia 21 85 86Slovakia 21 81 97Hungary 17 63 89Bulgaria 11 82 94Ukraine 10 82 92

In Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria, respondents were asked about changes since 1989. In Ukraine and Russia, respondents were asked about changes since 1991.

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 10: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

10

Democratic Government vs. Strong Leader

49

49

60

68

69

19

81

81

42

42

26

20

79

23

18

35

15

12

74

80

56

29

Czech Rep.

Slovakia

Poland

Hungary

Lithuania

Russia

Bulgaria

Ukraine

Germany

Strong leader Democratic government

West

East

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 11: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Age Gaps on Approval of Changes to Democracy and Capitalism

% Approve of Oldest-change to… youngestMultiparty 18-2930-49 50-64 65+ gapsystem % % % %Russia 65 60 46 27 -38Bulgaria 56 61 51 37 -19Czech Rep. 87 82 76 70 -17Poland 76 76 65 60 -16Lithuania 59 58 56 43 -16Hungary 60 59 55 45 -15Ukraine 34 39 22 20 -14Slovakia 74 76 65 65 -9East Germany 90 85 86 81 -9

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 12: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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Nationalist Sentiment in Russia

Agree Disagree DKIt is a great misfortune % % %that the Soviet Unionno longer exists 58 38 5

Russia should be for Russians 54 43 3 1991 26 69 6

It is natural for Russiato have an empire 47 35 18 1991 37 43 19

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 13: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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% Agree1991 2009 Change

% %Bulgaria 52 66 +14Hungary 70 61 -9Russia 22 58 +36Poland 60 51 -9Lithuania 46 40 -6Czech Rep. 42 40 -2Slovakia 34 29 -5Ukraine 24 24 0

Germany 39 30 -9 West 43 31 -12 East 25 24 -1

Italy 29 48 +19Spain 48 41 -7Britain 20 29 +9France 12 25 +13

Parts of Neighboring Countries Belong to Us!

Pew Global Attitudes Project

Page 14: Pew Global Attitudes - Public Opinion Two Decades After the Fall of the Berlin Wall

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