pew research center global attitudes project usaid briefing july 23 2013
DESCRIPTION
America’s competition with China is heating up in developing countries. Using a new survey on the global balance of power, Bruce Stokes, Director of Global Economic Attitudes at the Pew Research Center, and Richard Wike, Associate Director of the Pew Research Global Attitudes Project, presented detailed findings on the image of the U.S. and China in Africa, Asia and Latin America to staff at the U.S. Agency for International Development.TRANSCRIPT
Richard WikeBruce StokesPew Research Center
July 2013
How Developing Nations See the Economy, China, the U.S.
Spring 2013 Pew Global Attitudes Survey
The Economic Context
2
Crisis Soured Economic Views
Median based only on those countries surveyed in both 2007 and 2013.
Advanced Emerging Developing
4448 49
24
46
25
2007 2013
% Say economy is good
3
State of the Economy in Latin America
% Who think that…
Economy is good
Economy will improve in next
12 monthsKids will be better off than parents
% % %Argentina 39 29 44Bolivia 54 37 51Brazil 59 79 79Chile 58 42 76El Salvador 33 44 40Mexico 38 56 44Venezuela 44 64 66MEDIAN 44 44 51
4
State of the Economy in the Middle East
% Who think that…
Economy is good
Economy will improve in next
12 months
Kids will be better off than
parents
% % %Turkey 53 39 39Egypt 23 29 22Jordan 27 28 31Lebanon 10 19 26Palest. ter. 22 27 23Tunisia 11 50 49Israel 43 27 41MEDIAN 23 28 31
5
State of the Economy in Africa % Who think that…
Economy is good
Economy will improve in next
12 months
Kids will be better off than
parents
% % %Ghana 37 60 65
Kenya 52 59 55
Nigeria 32 66 65
Senegal 48 69 51
S. Africa 53 48 39
Uganda 44 42 39
MEDIAN 46 60 53
6
State of the Economy in Asia % Who think that…
Economy is good
Economy will improve in next
12 months
Kids will be better off than
parents
% % %
China 88 80 82
Indonesia 37 37 58
Malaysia 85 64 72
Pakistan 17 26 40
Philippines 68 55 63
MEDIAN 68 55 63
7
Chile Deprivation Falling
Could not afford food
Could not afford health care
Could not afford clothes
2007 2013 Change 2007 2013 Change 2007 2013 Change
% % % % % %
Mexico 42 53 +11 47 51 +4 45 54 +9
Chile 31 26 -5 42 30 -12 38 30 -8
Argentina 25 22 -3 29 23 -6 33 25 -8
El Salvador -- 61 -- -- 60 -- -- 56 --
Bolivia -- 61 -- -- 58 -- -- 56 --
Venezuela -- 45 -- -- 44 -- -- 45 --
Brazil -- 24 -- -- 31 -- -- 30 --
8
Pakistan Deprivation Up
Could not afford food
Could not afford health care
Could not afford clothes
2007 2013 Change 2007 2013 Change 2007 2013 Change
% % % % % %
Pakistan 34 48 +14 37 53 +16 33 47 +14
Malaysia 9 15 +6 9 17 +8 8 16 +8
China 9 8 -1 33 30 -3 17 14 -3
Indonesia 35 25 -10 48 37 -11 40 31 -9
Philippines -- 48 -- -- 49 -- -- 42 --
9
Ghana Deprivation Worsening
Could not afford food
Could not afford health care
Could not afford clothes
2007 2013 Change 2007 2013 Change 2007 2013 Change
% % % % % %
Ghana 43 56 +13 54 59 +5 45 57 +12
Uganda 66 70 +4 76 77 +1 71 70 -1
Kenya 57 55 -2 62 57 -5 58 56 -2
Nigeria -- 67 -- -- 62 -- -- 66 --
S. Africa -- 54 -- -- 51 -- -- 54 --
Senegal -- 50 -- -- 59 -- -- 55 --
10
Egypt, Jordan Deprivation Rising
Could not afford food
Could not afford health care
Could not afford clothes
2007 2013 Change 2007 2013 Change 2007 2013 Change
% % % % % %
Egypt 8 36 +28 44 48 +4 31 57 +26
Jordan 5 22 +17 16 36 +20 17 31 +14
Turkey 48 39 -9 47 36 -11 50 41 -9
Lebanon 12 1 -11 22 13 -9 20 15 -5
Palest. ter. 43 27 -16 47 37 -10 50 37 -13
Tunisia -- 31 -- -- 39 -- -- 36 --
11
Many Low Income Go Hungry
% Could not afford food
Low income
Middle income
High income
High-low gap
% % %
Jordan 52 9 5 -47
Tunisia 45 26 11 -34
Turkey 51 41 22 -29
Palest. ter. 38 13 13 -25
Israel 17 6 0 -17
Egypt 40 37 30 -1012
Worry Over Jobs and Inflation % Saying __ should be top government priority
Rising prices
Lack of job opportunities
Gap between rich & poor Public debt
% % % %
Ghana 23 58 6 4
Kenya 30 48 10 2
Nigeria 17 60 4 1
Senegal 38 43 4 3
S. Africa 30 46 4 2
Uganda 33 45 9 8
MEDIAN 30 47 5 3
13
Jobs a Priority in Latin America% Saying __ should be top government priority
Rising prices
Lack of job opportunities
Gap between rich & poor
Public debt
% % % %
Argentina 33 37 12 2
Bolivia 25 50 10 4
Brazil 24 46 17 9
Chile 36 33 21 3
El Salvador 11 68 5 6
Mexico 29 51 5 4
Venezuela 37 29 3 5
MEDIAN 27 48 11 4
14
Worry Over Jobs and Inflation % Saying __ should be top government priority
Rising prices
Lack of job opportunities
Gap between rich & poor
Public debt
% % % %
Turkey 21 43 11 8
Egypt 36 31 11 10
Jordan 44 20 9 11
Lebanon 24 21 10 13
Palest. ter. 18 40 3 9
Tunisia 48 27 4 5
MEDIAN 30 29 10 10
15
Worry Over Inflation % Saying __ should be top government priority
Rising prices
Lack of job opportunities
Gap between rich & poor
Public debt
% % % %
China 53 11 26 1
Indonesia 42 27 4 5
Malaysia 38 14 6 13
Pakistan 68 17 4 5
Philippines 41 46 3 10
MEDIAN 42 17 4 5
16
Inequality in the Middle East
70
68
63
% Saying …
Rich-poor gap is a very big problem
Rich-poor gap has increased
Economic system favors wealthy
% % %
Turkey 68 70 66Egypt 49 53 63Jordan 44 54 66Lebanon 86 87 72Palest. ter. 60 73 70Tunisia 82 71 70Israel 51 81 76
MEDIAN 60 71 70
17
Inequality in Africa
70
68
63
% Saying …
Rich-poor gap is a very big problem
Rich-poor gap has increased
Economic system favors wealthy
% % %
Ghana 81 69 94
Kenya 73 80 82
Nigeria 78 80 81
Senegal 78 69 75
S. Africa 70 66 64
Uganda 74 75 67
MEDIAN 76 72 78
18
Inequality in Latin America% Saying …
Rich-poor gap is a very big problem
Rich-poor gap has increased
Economic system favors wealthy
% % %
Argentina 70 57 66
Bolivia 58 32 44
Brazil 75 50 80
Chile 79 51 86
El Salvador 68 38 70
Mexico 67 59 74
Venezuela 61 40 32
MEDIAN 68 50 70
19
Spring 2013 Pew Global Attitudes Survey
Views of the U.S. and China
20
America Rated More Favorably
% Favorable
U.S. China% %
Europe 58 43
Middle East 21 45
Asia/Pacific 64 58
Latin America 66 58
Africa 77 72
GLOBAL MEDIAN 63 50Regional medians. Asia/Pacific median excludes China. Global median excludes U.S./China.
21
U.S. Favorability
Israel
Lebanon
Tunisia
Turkey
Palest. ter.
Egypt
Jordan
Philippines
S. Korea
Japan
Australia
Indonesia
Malaysia
China
Pakistan
16
53
41
70
79
81
85
13
20
29
30
31
33
53
72
83
47
42
21
16
16
14
85
78
69
66
61
55
40
11
FavorableUnfavorable
Asia/Pacific
Middle East
22
U.S. Favorability
El Salvador
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
Bolivia
Venezuela
Argentina
Ghana
Senegal
Kenya
Uganda
S. Africa
Nigeria
17
23
24
30
29
37
41
9
5
14
9
20
20
79
73
68
66
55
53
41
83
81
81
73
72
69
FavorableUnfavorable
Africa
Latin America
23
Young More Positive about U.S. % Favorable 18-29 30-49 50+ Oldest-youngest gap
% % %
Turkey 38 16 8 -30China 50 41 27 -23Malaysia 64 55 43 -21Poland 81 65 61 -20Czech Rep. 70 59 53 -17Russia 61 53 44 -17Lebanon 57 43 40 -17Argentina 49 42 32 -17Bolivia 63 53 47 -16Venezuela 61 51 46 -15Italy 84 79 70 -14Brazil 79 72 66 -13Germany 64 50 51 -13Senegal 85 81 73 -12Britain 69 56 57 -12Mexico 73 64 63 -10
24
U.S. Seen as Partner% Saying __ is a partner
U.S. China% %
Europe 57 25
Middle East 19 28
Asia/Pacific 69 36
Latin America 59 52
Africa 73 71
GLOBAL MEDIAN 59 39Regional medians. Asia/Pacific median excludes China. Global median excludes U.S./China.
26
U.S., China Seen as Unilateralist% Saying __ considers survey country’s interests
a great deal/fair amount
U.S. China% %
Europe 34 17
Middle East 19 25
Asia/Pacific 38 52
Latin America 51 40
Africa 66 65
GLOBAL MEDIAN 37 27Regional medians. Asia/Pacific median excludes China on question about China. Global median excludes U.S./China.
27
U.S. Gets High Marks for Rights% Saying __ government respects personal
freedoms of its people
U.S. China% %
Europe 76 14
Middle East 64 48
Asia/Pacific 74 51
Latin America 55 34
Africa 70 50
GLOBAL MEDIAN 70 36Regional medians. Chinese respondents not asked about personal freedoms in China.
28
Link Between U.S. Favorability and Personal Freedoms
CORRELATION: 0.68
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pakistan
Lebanon
Palest. ter.
China
PhilippinesGhana
Russia
Egypt
Mexico
El SalvadorS. Korea
Japan
Argentina
Greece
Israel
Germany
Italy
% U.S. respects the personal freedoms of its people
% F
avora
ble
of
U.S
.
29
Link Between China Favorability and Personal Freedoms
CORRELATION: 0.73
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Lebanon
Pakistan
Venezuela
Philippines
Kenya
RussiaBrazil
Greece
Turkey
Australia
BritainSpain
GermanyItaly
Japan
% China respects the personal freedoms of its people
% F
avora
ble
of
Ch
ina
30
American vs. Chinese Soft Power
Median % positive view of…
Latin America Africa
American Chinese American Chinese
% % % %
Scientific & tech. advances 74 72 83 75
Music, movies and television 63 25 58 34
Ways of doing business 50 40 73 59
Ideas about democracy 43 -- 73 --
Ideas and customs spreading 32 30 56 46
31
American Soft Power in Lat. Am. % Positive
U.S. science & tech. advance
s
U.S. music,
movies, TV
U.S. ways of doing business
U.S. ideas about
democracy
U.S. ideas & customs spreading MEDIAN
% % % % %
El Salvador 84 53 66 70 58 66Brazil 81 71 58 61 53 61Chile 75 73 52 43 31 52Mexico 65 60 50 47 41 50Bolivia 74 55 44 38 31 44Venezuela 69 63 42 41 32 42Argentina 61 66 35 38 31 38MEDIAN 74 63 50 43 32
32
American Soft Power in Africa % Positive
U.S. science &
tech. advances
U.S. music,
movies, TV
U.S. ways of doing business
U.S. ideas about
democracy
U.S. ideas & customs spreading MEDIAN
% % % % % %
Kenya 85 56 81 82 60 81
Senegal 84 60 75 77 70 75
Ghana 82 55 75 73 37 73
Nigeria 85 60 70 72 54 70
S. Africa 75 71 69 63 57 69
Uganda 78 47 65 73 44 65
MEDIAN 83 58 73 73 56
33
U.S. Aid Seen Positively in Africa, Not Egypt, Pakistan
Impact of U.S. economic aid
Mostly
positiveMostly
negative No impact DK % % % %
Kenya 78 12 7 3Ghana 64 17 10 9Uganda 63 14 11 13S. Africa 59 18 14 9Nigeria 52 16 16 16Senegal 51 6 23 21Egypt 24 55 18 3Pakistan 8 43 13 36
34
Americans Want to Cut Aid Would you __ spending for aid to the world’s needy
Increase Keep same Decrease % % %
Total 21 28 48
Male 18 26 54Female 23 30 42
18-49 26 28 4450+ 13 30 52
Republican 7 21 70Independent 19 27 52Democrat 33 37 25February 2013 Pew Research Center survey.
35
Who Is World’s Leading Economic Power?
Medians based on only the 20 countries surveyed in both 2008 and 2013.
2008 2013
20
34
4741
China U.S.
36
Will China Replace U.S. as World’s Leading Superpower?
Will eventually
replace U.S.
Has already replaced
U.S.
Total has or will replace
U.S.
Will never replace
U.S. % % % %
Canada 52 15 67 26U.S. 36 11 47 47Europe 40 16 57 31Latin America 32 14 50 31Asia/Pacific 36 9 45 39Middle East 28 17 44 42Africa 25 13 39 36
Regional medians. Total column shows medians, not the summation of median responses.
37
All Pew Global Attitudes Project reports and data are available online at www.pewglobal.org