pft’s education pack - travesties 1 · please note that all copy, content and images in this...
TRANSCRIPT
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 1
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 2
TRAVESTIES
by Tom Stoppard
CONTENTS
3 Cast & Creatives
4 Introduction to Pitlochry Festival Theatre
5 Introduction to the Play
6 Introduction to the Author
7 Characters in the Play
8 Play Synopsis (+ videos)
9 Real People behind the Characters: Tristan Tzara
10 Real People behind the Characters: James Joyce
11 Real People behind the Characters: Lenin
12, 13 Real People behind the Characters: Henry Carr
14 - 16 History & Background to the Play
17, 18 Parallels between Travesties & The Importance of being Earnest (+ videos)
19 - 22 Five Questions with the Designer
23 Resource articles and reviews
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 3
CAST & CREATIVES
Henry Carr Mark Elstob
Tristan Tzara Graham Mackay Bruce
James Joyce Alex Scott Fairley
Lenin Alan Steele
Bennett Carl Patrick
Gwendolen Camrie Palmer
Cecily Lucie-Mae Sumner
Nadya Helen Logan
Director: Richard Baron
Set & Costume Designer: Adrian Rees
Lighting Designer: Wayne Dowdeswell
Choreographer: Chris Stuart Wilson
Sound Designer: Jon Beales
Assistant Director (Dialect): Helen Logan
Stage Manager: Kate Schofield
Assistant Stage Manager (Book): Helen Ashman
Assistant Stage Manager (Floor): Lily Howarth
Production Photographer: Douglas McBride
Please note that all copy, content and images in this education pack are copyrighted
and all the designs featured are the intellectual property of the designers.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 4
Introduction to PFT
A unique repertory theatre in the heart of Highland Perthshire.
We produce six plays in a summer season. This year we have presented:
Chicago by Fred Ebb, Bob Fosse and John Kander
The Rise and Fall of Little Voice by Jim Cartwright
Travesties by Tom Stoppard
Quality Street by J M Barrie
Before the Party by Rodney Ackland (based on a short story by Somerset
Maughan)
The Last Witch by Rona Munro
We have an ensemble of 17 actors who we auditioned around the UK back in
December 2017. They each act in 3-4 productions during the season and many of
them need to sing, dance and act. They live up in Pitlochry from the last week of
March to the middle of October. In late October the cast of The Last Witch will tour to
the Tron in Glasgow and the Traverse in Edinburgh.
There are 3 directors, 5 set & costume designers, 1 lighting designer, 3 sound
designers and 1 choreographer across the season, not to mention fight director, voice
coach, assistant director and physio.
We have a full production team who create all our productions in-house, from our
carpenters and scenic artists to our wardrobe department, stage management,
technical and stage crew. We also have a finance department, marketing, catering,
front of house, box office and executive team.
It takes hundreds of people to put our productions onstage but here are a few facts
about the work we create:
PFT generates more mid to large scale in-house productions than any other
theatre in Scotland.
We generate 85% of our own income through ticket, catering and retail sales.
We employ nearly 200 people during the summer making us the largest
employer in Highland Perthshire.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 5
PLAY INTRODUCTION
Travesties was written in 1974.
The play focuses on the life of Henry Carr, a British consular official in Switzerland during the
First World War (1914 – 1918).
In the play he starts as an elderly man, reminiscing about being at the centre of political and
artistic revolution in Zürich in 1917 with communist revolutionary Lenin, Dada Founder Tristan
Tzara and modernist author James Joyce.
Carr was a real British consular official and is also mentioned in Joyce’s novel Ulysses BUT his
memories, and the play as a whole, prove not to be reliable.
The structure and characters of Travesties are heavily influenced by Oscar Wilde’s play The
Importance of Being Earnest. The real Carr did actually play Algernon in a production directed
by James Joyce, and in this fictionalization of his life in Zurich he mixes up the plot of the play
with his own misremembered experiences and highly exaggerated version of events.
As part of this conceit, Carr in the play hates Joyce but inadvertently uses his literary style of a
form of stream of consciousness while relating his own story. So the play becomes a
meditation on Ulysses as well as an argument about modern art and the effects of war.
DATE: 1917 and many years later
SETTING: The Zurich Public Library and the drawing room of Henry Carr’s apartment
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 6
AUTHOR INTRODUCTION: TOM STOPPARD
Tom Stoppard is a Czech-born British playwright and
screenwriter. He has written for TV, radio, film and stage,
finding success with plays such as: Arcadia, The Coast of
Utopia, Every Good Boy Deserves Favour, Professional
Foul, The Real Thing, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
Are Dead. He co-wrote the screenplays for Brazil, The
Russia House, and Shakespeare in Love, and has received
an Academy Award and four Tony Awards. His work
covers the themes of: human rights, censorship and
political freedom, often delving into philosophy.
His first play produced on the stage was Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead at the
Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1966. This play riffs off two minor characters from Shakespeare’s
Hamlet, the play that originally inspired Stoppard to write for the theatre. The National Theatre
decided to produce the play, which then made its way to Broadway the following year.
Stoppard has gone on to become one of the most prolific playwrights of his generation. To
date he has written 36 plays, 21 of which have been produced on Broadway.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 7
CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY
Henry Carr appears as a ‘shabby and very old man’ and also as
his youthful ‘elegant’ self. A minor British government official
obsessed with the proper cut of trousers.
Tristan Tzara the poet who created Dada-ism.
He is a dark-haired, very boyish-looking young man,
and “charming”.
James Joyce the author, in 1917/1918, aged 36. He wears a jacket and
trousers from two different suits and appears as a leprechaun.
Bennett is Carr’s manservant, with
radical sympathies and a taste for
champagne.
Gwendolen is Carr’s younger sister; working for Joyce,
researching and transcribing his manuscript of Ulysses.
(on the right)
Cecily is a librarian in Zurich library. Working with Lenin
on his book on imperialism, speaks Russian. Also
appears as her old self. (on the left)
Lenin
The Russian revolutionary in
1917: aged 47
Nadya
Nadezhda Krupskaya, Lenin’s wife: aged 48.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 8
PLAY SYNOPSIS
In his slightly shabby Zurich apartment, a minor British diplomat, old Henry Carr, looks back to
his youth, and the summer of 1917, when the city of clocks was awash with spies, artists and
subversives, and the First World War raged all around...
This was also the year in which, according to Henry, he appeared in a rather successful
amateur production of The Importance of Being Earnest directed by James Joyce. The high
point was being able to choose his own trousers (such a pleasure!) and wear two complete
changes of costume.
And weren't Tristan Tzara, the founder of Dadaism, and Lenin, the godfather of the Russian
revolution, involved too? They most certainly were. According to Henry...
The problem is that Henry’s memory, like an unregulated clock, is a touch unreliable. And his
memories have a habit of changing, even as he recounts them. Did Joyce really have a
secretary called Gwendolyn? Was the Zurich Public Library really overseen by - wait for it -
Cecily? When did the mad, charming Tzara become Jack to Henry’s Algernon? And who turned
the dour Joyce into Lady Bracknell?
In this mis-remembered world, Henry gives himself a starring role in the political, artistic and
literary revolutions that were to shape the 20th Century, whilst madcap, Dadaist mischief erupts
all around, inspired by the spirit of Oscar Wilde.
Travesties Trailer Video
Audience reactions to Travesties
Director Richard Baron talking about Travesties
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 9
THE REAL PEOPLE BEHIND THE CHARACTERS
TRISTAN TZARA (1896-1963) (born Samuel Rosenstock)
• Romanian free thinker and radical
• Helped found artistic movement called Dada in Zurich’s Cabaret Voltaire
• Dadaism was purposefully chaotic and shocking and was called “anti-art”
Born in Romania as Samuel Rosenstock,
Tristan Tzara was introduced to the Symbolist
art movement by poet Adrian Maniu.
Symbolism stood in opposition to realistic art,
emphasizing emotions, feelings, and ideas, and
often featuring mystic or religious imagery.
Tzara founded the magazine Simbolul with
poet Ion Vinea and painter Marcel Janco,
shortly prior to the First World War. It was
during the War that he moved to Zurich, co-
founding the Cabaret Voltaire, which became
known as the “cradle of Dada.” Featuring
experimental forms of performance, poetry,
art, and more, the Cabaret Voltaire was where
early Dadaist manifestos were read, many of
which were written by Tzara, who could often be spotted sporting a monocle and suit, and
with “DADA” written on his forehead.
In 1919, after the War and the closing of Cabaret Voltaire, Tzara moved to Paris, where he
joined the staff of Litterature magazine. Tzara and one of the magazine’s editors, Andre Breton,
often fought over the editorial leadership. In 1923, a production of Tzara’s play Gas Heart
provoked fights among those in support of and those against Dadaism. Meanwhile, Breton had
begun to write manifestos about a new artistic movement: Surrealism. An evolution of Dada
that focused on the power of the subconscious mind and dreams, Surrealism grew in
popularity, overtaking Dada and eventually winning over Tzara. By the beginning of World War
2, however, Tzara had decided that being an artist was not an effective way to fight the Nazis.
He joined the Communist Party, lived in hiding in France for much of the War, until his death
in 1963.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 10
JAMES JOYCE - James Augustine Aloysius Joyce
• Early work included Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
• Started The English Players, a theatre troupe, while in Zurich
• Ulysses, his retelling of Homer’s Odyssey set in Dublin on a single day, the 16th of
June 1904, was published in 1922 and broke new ground with its use of stream-of-
consciousness and interior monologue
• Ulysses is now regarded as a masterpiece; Henry Carr is mocked in it
Born in 1882 outside Dublin, Ireland. He studied
language, mathematics, and philosophy at
University College. Joyce began writing in 1900 at
the age of eight, creating dramatic vignettes and
prose poems. He was an avid reader and even
learned to speak Dano-Norwegian in order to
read the plays of Henrik Ibsen.
Joyce wrote a variety of novels, short stories, and
one stage drama during his career. Dubliners, a
series of short stories about life in Dublin, was
published in 1914. The novel A Portrait of the
Artist as a Young Man was published in 1916, in
the literary magazine The Egoist.
Joyce’s most famous novel, Ulysses, was published in 1922. Once World War I began in 1914,
Joyce and his family took refuge in Zurich, and he wrote Ulysses while in Zurich. The novel is
known for its 700 pages of “stream-of-consciousness” narrative, which presents the character’s
inner thoughts directly on the page. Here is an excerpt:
“He stood at Fleet street crossing. Luncheon interval. A sixpenny at Rowe’s? Must look up that
ad in the national library. An eightpenny in the Burton. Better. On my way. He walked on past
Bolton’s Westmoreland house. Tea. Tea. Tea. I forgot to tap Tom Kernan.
Sss. Dth, dth, dth! Three days imagine groaning on a
bed with a vinegared handkerchief round her forehead,
her belly swollen out. Phew! Dreadful simply! Child’s head too big: forceps. Doubled up inside
her trying to butt its way out blindly, groping for the way out. Kill me that would. Lucky Molly
got over hers lightly. They ought to invent something to stop that. Life with hard labour.
Twilight sleep idea: queen Victoria was given that. Nine she had. A good layer. Old woman that
lived in a shoe she had so many children."
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 11
Joyce co-founded The English Players, which performed plays in English in Zurich. Their first
play was The Importance of Being Earnest. After the war in 1920, Joyce left Zurich and moved
back to Paris to be with Ezra Pound. Joyce had met many people in France who helped propel
his writing. American expat Sylvia Beach helped publish Ulysses, and another expat, Paul Leon,
helped publish his final book, Finnegan’s Wake, in 1939.
After spending 20 years in France, in 1940, he fled the country to avoid the Nazi invasion and
returned to Zurich. Joyce ended up dying one year later after having surgery for ulcers in his
small intestine and was buried in Zurich.
VLADIMIR ILYICH LENIN (1870-1924)
• Married to Nadezhda “Nadya” Krupskaya
• Founder of Russian Communist Party; leader of faction called Bolsheviks
• Returned to Russia in 1917 and led an armed take over known as the October
Revolution, which overthrew the Tsar and led to the creation of the Soviet Union
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, known as “Lenin,” was born
in Simbirsk, Russia, which has since been renamed
Ulyanovsk in his honor. His brother, Aleksandr, was
executed in 1887 at age 21 for an attempted
assassination of the Russian Emperor. It was this
incident that turned Lenin towards fighting for the
empowerment of the working class.
Lenin moved to St. Petersburg in 1893, where he
began a relationship with his eventual wife,
Nadezhda “Nadya” Krupskaya, a teacher with
similar political views, who also appears as a
character in Travesties.
In 1896, Lenin was arrested for inciting others to rebel against the Russian government and
charged with three years’ exile to Siberia. Soon after, Nadya was also arrested, but she claimed
to be engaged to Lenin so that she would also be sent to Siberia. The pair wed and eventually
returned to St. Petersburg in 1905 after unrest prompted Tsar Nicholas II to sign a manifesto
giving more power to elected officials along with the monarchy.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 12
Lenin held fast to his beliefs that the Russian working class could overthrow the monarchy,
which culminated in the February and October Revolutions of 1917, putting him in control of
the Russian government.
Lenin’s censorship of literature whilst in power, and the amount of people (and particularly
artists) that died during his political purges, mattered greatly to Stoppard and is the reason we
make the library disappear in our production while Lenin is talking in the second act.
Lenin remained in power until a series of strokes, caused by an assassination attempt, took
away his ability to speak, and eventually led to his death in 1924.
HENRY CARR - Henry Wilfred Carr
The Englishman enlisted in 1914 and was sent to France
Suffered a leg injury in battle, captured by Germans, and paroled to Switzerland
Played Algernon in James Joyce’s English Players’ production of The Importance
of Being Earnest
Was offended by Joyce and sued for the cost of trousers he purchased to wear
in the play
Joyce counter-sued for the cost of tickets Carr sold; Joyce won
Unlike the other the major characters in Travesties, the real Henry Carr wasn’t famous.
Stoppard learned about Carr and became intrigued by a real-life incident mentioned in a
biography of James Joyce. Joyce worked with an English-speaking theatre troupe in Zurich to
produce Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest. Joyce cast a mix of professionals and
amateurs, including Henry Carr, an Englishman living in exile, as the lead role of Algernon.
Apparently, Carr gave an enthusiastic performance, but afterwards, a small financial dispute
with Joyce escalated into lawsuits. Carr sued Joyce for reimbursement on clothes he bought as
his costume; Joyce counter-sued Carr for money owed on five tickets. Carr lost his case and
was further punished by Joyce when he named an unlikeable character in Ulysses after Carr.
Stoppard knew little more than this about the real Henry Carr while writing Travesties;
however, after its 1974 London premiere, a surprise letter from Carr’s widow provided more
details of the real man’s life.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 13
Henry Wilfred Carr (1894-1962) was born and raised in Northeast England. At 17 he moved
to Canada and worked for a bank, then volunteered for military service with the Royal
Highland Canadian Infantry during WWI. He was wounded while fighting in France, then
captured as a prisoner of war by the Germans. He was sent, along with approximately 700
British prisoners, to recover in Switzerland, in accordance with an agreement made by the
International Red Cross allowing soldiers from all over Europe to recover in Switzerland. Carr’s
infamous encounter with Joyce occurred in spring of 1918, and he left Zurich when the war
ended that November. Carr’s post-war life was unexceptional.
He worked for a department store in Montreal in the 1920s then moved back to England with
his second wife, Noel Bach, in 1933. He worked for a metal factory in Sheffield and
commanded a Home Guard in Warwickshire during World War II. He died of a heart attack in
1962, leaving no children.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 14
USEFUL HISTORY and BACKGROUND
WWI (1914-1918)
• Started when Austro-Hungary invaded Serbia, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand was
assassinated in Sarajevo by a gang called Black Hand.
• The two sides were: Allies: Russia, Great Britain, France, Serbia, United States versus
Central Powers: Germany, Austro-Hungary
• 10 million soldiers & 5 million civilians were killed
DADA
With its first manifestos written towards the end of the First World War, Dada is an
artistic movement that is often called “anti-art.” Dada sought to defy and destroy
artistic conventions by freeing itself from logic, and by using techniques such as
simultaneous action and an antagonistic relationship with the audience.
A perfect example of what Dada stood for artistically and politically was the inaugural
performance at the Cabaret Voltaire in 1916. For the occasion, Tzara and fellow poets
Richard Huelsenbeck and Marcel Janco each read poems they had written...at the same
time. The cacophony created was meant to “annihilate the language by which the war
was justified,” which was key - if language structures our lives and allows us to
perpetuate violence against each other, then art needs to undermine language.
Dadaists aimed to derail audience expectations and undermine the meaning of words
so that the world could be looked at with fresh eyes. Chance operations, such as
cutting up newspapers to create a poem (as seen in Travesties) were often used to
create work, forcing creators to free themselves from their intentions and ego.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1917
After centuries of rule by monarchs with absolute power, Russian politics were
upended in 1917. With the economy devastated by the First World War, members of
the working class went on strike in February and took to the streets to demand bread.
Persisting even after army troops opened fire on them, the protests led to the creation
of a provisional government in March of that year, made up of upper-class citizens.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 15
This government ruled in conjunction with Tsar Nicholas II at first, enforcing rights such
as freedom of speech, equality before the law, and the rights of unions, but opposing
violent revolution.
In October of 1917, Lenin led the uprising that overthrew the provisional government
and put him and his party, the Bolsheviks, in power.
The Bolsheviks were considered a socialist party, meaning that they stood for the rights
of the working class and advocated for democracy. Under Lenin, their government
redistributed land to peasants, allowed for states that became Finland and Lithuania to
declare their independence from Russia. The party eventually moved away from
socialism and became more extremist.
SWITZERLAND IN WORLD WAR I
Modern Switzerland was founded in 1848, and its constitution declared its neutrality in
international conflicts. An agreement made at the 1907 Hague Conference stated that,
as a neutral country, Switzerland could:
• Export goods and arms to warring countries, but could not join any military alliance
• Have diplomatic relations with all the warring countries, but had to treat all states
equally
• Admit and house wounded soldiers, but not allow military troops from either side to
cross its borders
As a landlocked country, the Swiss economy depends on importing raw goods and
exporting manufactured goods. At the time of World War I, 40% of its food supply had
to be imported. When the war broke out, Switzerland was surrounded by warring
countries on every border. In 1914, the Swiss made trade agreements with both France
and Germany. France would supply food through its Mediterranean ports, while
Germany agreed to import corn and coal.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 16
PRISONERS OF WAR
During World War I, Switzerland played a humanitarian role by aiding prisoners of war
from across Europe. The International Committee of the Red Cross, based in Geneva,
negotiated an agreement with Germany, France, Britain, Russia and Belgium. Wounded
and sick prisoners of war were sent from enemy camps to Switzerland, where they
could recover before being sent back to their own countries. Henry Carr probably
arrived as a British POW in 1916, by which time over 27,000 soldiers had been interned
in Switzerland.
ZURICH: A MAGNET FOR REFUGEES
• A major city in Switzerland and its financial centre.
• First language of Zurich is German, but French is also widely spoken
• Switzerland was and still is politically and militarily neutral
• Spies, diplomats, artists, refugees and intellectuals all gathered there to work or to
escape the war
In the mid-19th century, Zurich emerged as a modern industrial city. Switzerland’s first
major railroad connected Zurich to Baden, Germany in 1847, opening Zurich to
international visitors. During World War I, Zurich attracted political exiles,
intellectuals, writers, and artists from around Europe. Many faced increased repression
in their own countries, but Swiss neutrality allowed a free exchange of ideas, including
artistic responses to the destruction and devastation caused by war. Writers could
publish their work in the Swiss papers, magazines, and books. Zurich especially
attracted many German and Austrian writers, as well as socialists like Lenin and Trotsky.
Cabaret Voltaire, a short-lived venue for the Dada artists, opened in 1916.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 17
TRAVESTIES & THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST
Throughout Travesties, Stoppard uses characters, plot points, and quotations from The
Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde’s renowned 1899 comedy.
The two plays are described as a "Trivial Comedy for Serious People" (The Importance)
and "a masterpiece of serious wit" (Travesties). They both revel in wit, absurdity and
clever pastiches that methodically invert normal expectations.
Look at our videos comparing two short sections from Travesties and The Importance
of Being Earnest.
We have taken 3 sections:
1. The ladies introduction to each other
2. Proposals of marriage
3. Cucumber sandwiches
Our Travesties actors read the scenes from The Importance of Being Earnest and
then act out their equivalent scenes in Travesties – complete with the costumes.
Beloved for its witty dialogue, Earnest follows the antics of bachelors Algernon
Moncrieff and Jack Worthing. Both men create alter egos named Ernest to escape their
lives and pursue the hearts of Cecily and Gwendolen, who are each determined to
marry a man named Ernest. Jack is unable to win the approval of Gwendolen’s
imperious mother, Lady Bracknell, after revealing he was found in a handbag as a
baby. A complex tangle of deception and mistaken identities ensues— including the
women’s rivalry over the same “Earnest”—until misperceptions are cleared and the
couples are united. Wilde satirized English society and the Victorian obsession with
respectability, but the play remains popular with modern audiences.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 18
Here are some of the costume drawings from PFT’s 2015 production of The
Importance of Being Earnest to compare to drawings and pictures of Travesties 2018:
What do the drawings and photographs tell you about who these characters are?
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 19
5 Questions with the Designer: Adrian Rees
1. What was your inspiration for the set?
There are a couple of key elements to the set.
Firstly you need to think about getting the sightlines right. PFT has a very wide auditorium so
you need to follow the sightlines of the furthest seats to a central point on the stage to know
how things should be designed and staged. If you go outside those sightlines then people on
the edges won’t be able to see part of the action and that’s not fair.
We wanted the set to have an old time music hall theatre feel to reflect the different styles and
skits within the piece, so I created a proscenium arch frame with lightbulbs in it that frames
the action and that helped solve the problem of sightlines by pulling all of the action more
central, within this large frame.
We also knew that the library set needed to disappear quickly to allow the ‘Earnest’ set of
Carr’s imagination to take over. That set has a far more flimsy, less solid feel to enhance the
idea that his memories are not solid.
So in short – its sightlines, music hall and fluidity of memory.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 20
2. What discussions did you have with the director?
This process was very much director led. Because of the complexity of the play there are a
myriad of ways to do it. This is Richard’s (the director) third time of directing the play so he
was very clear on what he needed to achieve to help tell the story.
3. What is the world of Travesties?
It’s the world of Zurich in 1917, envisioned by Carr with his faulty memory.
4. How did you design the
costumes?
I researched the period and the
characters and talked a lot with the
director about the difference
between the more naturalistic
costumes and the highly stylized
fantastical ones – particularly Tsara
and James Joyce.
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 21
The library set in the model box and in performance
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 22
5. What part of the show are you most proud of?
I think it’s the speed and fluidity of the set changes from one scene to another. It’s almost as
fast as Carr’s flawed mind changes.
‘Fantasy’ Cecily costume
Camrie Palmer as
the fantasy of
Gwendolen from
Carr’s mind
PFT’s EDUCATION PACK - TRAVESTIES 23
Reference Articles and Reviews:
Interview with Tom Stoppard on Travesties:
http://www.heraldscotland.com/arts_ents/16334356.tom-stoppard-on-why-his-classic-travesties-
still-has-its-mojo/
The Stage Review:
https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/2018/travesties-review-festival-theatre-pitlochry/
The Herald Review:
http://www.heraldscotland.com/arts_ents/16320855.review-travesties-pitlochry-festival-theatre-
four-stars/
The Times Review:
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/scotland/theatre-review-travesties-at-pitlochry-festival-
theatre-hk80c968w