phadke thorp symposium - virginia techshukla/tps/session1/madani...c37.118.2, c37.238, c37.242,...

Smart Solutions, Practical

Results

Celebrating

Legacy and New Frontiers

Vahid Madani and Damir Novosel

Washington DC

May 8-9, 2013

Phadke –Thorp Symposium


Results

Don‟t worry if somebody takes credit for your innovative work; you will be able to do it again

and they will not

Arun Phadke and Jim Thorp

Working in a team, does not reduce contribution and importance of an individual; it makes it much

stronger

Arun Phadke and Jim Thorp joint Franklin Award recipients


Results

http://www.selinc.com/images/421_lg.jpg


Results

U.S. and Canada 2009

PMU Deployment

Source: NASPI


Results

U.S. and Canada 2012

PMU Deployment

Source: NASPI


Results

2006 (16 Applications)

NASPI Synchrophasor Roadmap


Results

2012 (26 Apps.)

NASPI Synchrophasor Roadmap


Results

3-Year Deployment

Benchmarking Synchrophasor Projects

Big bang – all real-time closed loop control, protection,

operation & other applications

Monitoring; visualization & operation analysis

outside of control room

Number of PMUs Conservative

Aggressive

Control room functions; some real-time applications

Data visualization and operation analysis in

control room

Applications

B

C

F D

E

I G H

X On-going US Synchrophasor Projects

A


Results

PMU Progression


Results

PMU Applications in Distribution

• Islanding detection and formation

• Restoration and re-synchronization

• Distribution state estimation

• Adaptive fault location and detection

• High-impedance fault

• Power Quality (Harmonic estimation)

• Volt / VAR Optimization

• Load modeling & Parameter estimation

• Voltage and transient stability

monitoring, including Fault Induced

Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR)

monitoring

• Closed-loop feeder operation

• Condition monitoring & Dynamic rating

• Post mortem analysis


Results

After 2003 U.S. & 2006 European Outages

Recommendations

August 14, 2003 Outage: U.S.-Canada Power System Outage Task Force Report

"A valuable lesson is the importance of having time-synchronized system data recorders. The Task

Force’s investigators labored over thousands of data items to determine the sequence of events, much like

putting together small pieces of a very large puzzle. That process would have been significantly faster and

easier if there had been wider use of synchronized data recording devices…"

Recommendation 12a – The reliability regions, coordinated through the NERC planning committee,

shall within one year define regional criteria for application of synchronized recording devices in

power plants and substations…

November 4, 2006 Disturbance - UCTE Final Report System

UCTE-wide Awareness System

" …On November 4, this was true more than ever – the information about the split of the system into three

areas was available to some operators with significant delay. This issue might be solved via a dedicated

central server collecting the real-time data and making them available to all UCTE TSOs. In this way, each

TSO will obtain within a few minutes essential information about disturbances beyond their own control

area. "

Recommendation 4 - UCTE has to set up an information platform allowing TSOs to observe in real

time the actual state of the whole UCTE system in order to quickly react during large disturbances.


Results

Synchronized Data

November 2006 Europe

Before

Separation

After

Separation


Results

Key Findings

India Blackout

• Better visualization and planning of

the corrective actions

• Deployment of Wide Area Monitoring,

Protection and Control Systems

• Better regulation of interchanges

• Better coordinated planning of

outages of state and regional

networks, specifically under depleted

condition of the inter-regional power transfer corridors.

• Mandatory activation of primary frequency response of

Governors

• Adequate reactive power compensation, specifically dynamic

• Under-frequency and df/dt-based load shedding

• Avoid miss-operation of protective relays

Source: Report from the Enquiry Committee on Grid Disturbances in Northern Region,

India, September 2012


Results


Results

Preventing Large Blackouts

Multiple Contingencies with Complex Interactions


Results

Experiences with SIPS

64%

9%

15%

3%

6%

3%

Global Participants

IEEE PSRC Report - 2009


Results

Lessons Learned – FERC Report,

Situational Awareness

Angular Separation • Ability to determine, in real

time, the standing angles that would result following major transmission line outages

• Placing PMUs in locations such that standing angles can be seen directly by system operators in SCADA/EMS systems

Real-Time External Visibility • Lack of adequate awareness of

external contingencies that could impact one’s system

Real-Time Tools • E.g., Without having tools in

place to determine the phase angle difference between the two terminals of a line after the line tripped, one should not / cannot commit to restore the line quickly.

• Need seasonal and next-day contingency analyses that address the angular differences across opened system elements

• Having, but not using the real-time tools to monitor system conditions

• Real-Time Contingency Analysis (RTCA) tools need to be functional and operating


Results

Preventing Blackouts

• Widespread electric outages are a symptom of strategies for grid management

• Analysis of recent disturbances

reveals common threads o Learn from the past and proven methods

to mitigate

o Blackout propagation should

be arrested

o Restoration time could be reduced

New York City on October 31, 2012 Photographer Iwan Baan

Image published in New York Magazine

• Use of Smart Grid for Improved Situational Awareness

and Control

• Not possible to avoid multiple contingency initiated

blackouts

HOWEVER…


Results

Preventing Blackouts

The Probability,

Size and

Impact of

Wide Area Blackouts

can be

REDUCED …… !!


Results

• How to achieve more benefits from the

investments o More system integration and data mining

o More business process optimization

• More customer focus o What does it mean to the consumers

o What benefits will they see

• How to operate and maintain the

installed smart grid assets more

efficiency

• Better wide-area situation awareness

What’s Next


Results

Operational Applications

• Enhanced Energy Management Systems

o Adding synchrophasor measurements to existing SE

o Track dynamic state changes of a system during disturbances

• Post-Disturbance Event Analysis for Planners and Engineers

• Operator and Engineering Training, Dispatch Training

Simulator (DTS)

• Provide interfaces with EMS and with third parties

• Distributed State Estimation

• Situational Awareness, Visualization and

Alarming for Operators o Abnormal angles and voltages

o Line overloads and oscillations monitoring

o System restoration

• Real-time Voltage Instability Indicator / Index

(RVII) and Contingency Analysis based on

PMU availability


Results

Volt-Angle Visualization

1. “Relative Voltage Angles” with respect to Reference”

• The difference between the measured voltage angle and

the voltage angle measured at a common “reference”

bus

2. “Voltage Angle Differences” between a pair of nodes

in system

• The „Voltage Angle Difference‟ is computed as

difference in the voltage angle between two locations:

typically between the “source” and “sink” areas of the

system, or across a known corridor or interface

Note: The two locations don‟t necessarily have to be at

the two ends of a transmission line.

3. “Voltage Angle Rate-of-Change” to detect sudden

disturbances in the system

• Computed as change in voltage angle over a user-

defined time period (e.g. 1 second).

• Represents relatively fast changing angles in time (e.g.

pre- and post-event angle change during a disturbance)

Relative Angle

‘Voltage Angle Differences’

‘Voltage-Angle Rate

of Change’


Results

Tools - Computing Reactive Power

Margin & Contingency Analysis

Real-Time Voltage Stability Indication (RVII)

• Ability to process data from different sources (PMUs,

SCADA, simulation outputs (static and dynamic)) o Takes immediate advantage of available PMUs

o Scales up well with increased number of PMUs

• Good results from system tests o Slowly changing system operating conditions (load ramp)

o Tracking system dynamics after disturbances

• Simple implementation in

Control Center tools and/or

local IEDs for: o Operator tools to increase

situational awareness

o Local automated actions

o Addition to SIPS


Results

PG&E Proof of Concept Facility

Instrumental in gathering the knowledge to provide the industry

with direction and a fast track process for maturing the

standards such as the IEEE C37.118.2, C37.238, C37.242, C37.244, and IEC-61850-90-5

• Risk management: Identifies and remedies product and system integration issues

• A conduit to the industry standards

• Tests have resulted in: o Identification of standards' gaps

o Remedied integration issues with potential for serious delays during field installation

• Fine tuning applications for

functionality and performance

• Transition from development to

operation for training future users


Results

Development

Standards & Guides - Working in a team


Results

Lessons Learned - 61850-90-5

• Automatic configuration to be supported

• Transparency function similar to PDC Data Gateway function

o Data visibility from upstream devices to downstream devices

o Transparent passing data “as is”

• Data conversions

o Clarity on converting data between IEC 61850-90-5 & IEEE C37.118.2

o In particular, configuration is of importance / interest

• Flags

o Definition and use of various flags in IEEE C37.118 and IEC TR

61850-90-5 to be clarified and aligned

• Test ground for:

o IEC 61850-90-5 “implementation Agreements”, UDP Configuration

Buffer Set points, etc.

o Importance of the receiving processor‟s buffer size when using

UDP multicast

o Multicast 61850-90-5 data transport with IGMP 3 and going through

various firewalls


Results

WECC WISP Wide-Area Network

for Western Interconnection

synchrophasor data exchange

WECC

Alternat

Control

Center

PDC

TO PDC

TO PDC

TO PDCTO PDC

WECC

Primary

Control

Center

PDC

TO PDC

TO PDC

TO PDC

TO PDCTO PDC

TO PDC

Data Exchange – WECC


Results

Data Exchange – Eastern Interc.

Interconnecting

RC/TO network

TO PDC

TO PDC

TO PDC

Interconnecting

RC/TO network

TO PDC

TO PDC

TO PDC

Interconnecting

RC/TO network

TO PDC

TO PDC TO PDC

Interconnecting

RC/TO network

Eastern Interconnection

synchrophasor data

exchange network

among RCs

TO PDC

TO PDC

TO PDC

RCx PDC

(Primary)RCn PDC

(Backup)

RCz PDC

(Primary)

RCy PDC

(Primary)

RCx PDC

(Backup)

RCy PDC

(Backup)

RCn PDC

(Primary)

RCz PDC

(Backup)


Results

Situational Awareness Tools


Results


Results

Life Has More Light With Arun,

Jim & PMUs

t

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phadke thorp symposium - virginia techshukla/tps/session1/madani...c37.118.2, c37.238, c37.242,...

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