phaladeepika malayalam translation by mullappilly (complete book)
DESCRIPTION
Phaladeepika is a classic text in Sanskrit, written by Mantreswara, ih 16th cent.AD on Indian Astrology. It has 865 slokas in 28 chapters. This Malayalam Translation contains 6 appendixes also. The total pages come to about 500.TRANSCRIPT
1
PHALADEEPIKA
MALAYALAM TRANSLATION
Complete book
(28 chapters, 865 slokas, B5 size, 476 pages)
AUTHOR MANTRESWARA
TRANSLATION : MULLAPPILLY
Copy right: [email protected]
2
hnjbhnhcw
A≤ymbw hnjbw ˛ t]Pv
1 kw⁄m≤ymbw (cminIfpw `mhßfpw) 6
2 {Klt`Zm≤ymbw ({Klßsf°pdn®v Adntb- sX√mw.) 26
3 h¿§ßfpw Awißfpw 57
4 jUv_ew, N{μ{Inb apXembh 73
5 I¿Ω-mPo-h-{]-I-cWw 89
6 tbmK-߃ 95
7 kzXxkn≤cmPtbmK߃ 134
8 `mhm{i-b-^ew- ({Kl-߃ `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ ^ew) 149
9 {Kl߃ cmin-I-fn¬ (e·^ehpw {Kl߃ D®w, kzt£{Xw
apXembhbn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ ^ehpw) 173
10 Ggmw `mhNn¥ 183
11 kv{XoPmXIw 193
12 ]p{XNn¥ 201
13 Bbp¿\n¿Æbw 216
14 tcmKw, acWw, Ign™ P∑w, ASpØ P∑w 229
15 `mh-Nn-¥m-hn[n 245
16 `mh^ew 262
17 \ncymW{]IcWw 277
18 Zzn{K-l-tbm-K^eßfpw ]{μ-s\ a‰p {Kl-߃
ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-ßfpw a‰pw 288
19 Zim-^ew 299
20 `mhm-[n-]- Z-im-^ew 312
21 A-]-lm-c-^-ew 336
22 Bbp¿±mbZiIƒ 387
23 AjvSIh¿§w 392
24 AjvSIh¿§w (XpS¿®) 411
25 D]{Kl߃ 432
26 Nmc-^ew 449
27 k\ymktbmK߃ 472
28 D]kwlmcw 476
A\p_‘w
1 {KlßfpsS h¿§_ew (A≤ymbw 3) 478
2 jUv_ew, N{μ{Inb apXembh (A≤mbw 4) 488
3 ImeN{IZibnse Zim\mY]´nI (A≤ymbw 22) 511
4. {KlßfpsS an{X˛i{Xp˛ka ]´nI 514
5. IS]bmZn A£ckwJy 514
6. `mcXobtPymXnjw ˛ Hcp ]T\w 515
3
A≤ymbw 1
kw⁄m≤ymbw
hnjbhnhcw t«mI߃
1. cminIƒ 1, 2 awKmNcWw
3 KWnX`mKw
4. cminIfpw Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ahbhßfpw
cmin-k‘nIƒ
cmin-kz-cq]w
5. cmin-ÿm\-߃
6. {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyw
kuc-bqYhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyhpw
{Kl-ß-fpsS D®-cm-in-Ifpw AXyp®ÿm\ßfpw
7. {Klß-fpsS aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-Iƒ
\c-cm-in-Iƒ, IoS-cm-inIƒ, Pe-cm-in-Iƒ, NXp-jv]m-ZcminIƒ
8. ]rjvtTm-Z-b ˛ D`-tbm-Z-b ˛ io¿tjm-Zbcmin-Iƒ
cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ
Du¿≤-˛-A-[-˛-k-a-cmin-Iƒ
9. Nc-˛ÿn-c˛-D-`-b-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh
]pcp-j-cminIƒ, kv{Xo-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh
cminIƒ°v Zn°p-I-fpsS B[n]Xyw
hmamw-K-Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ
2. `mh-߃ 10˛16 1 apX¬ 12 hscbp≈ `mhßfpsS hnhcWw.
16 eo\-ÿm-\-߃.
17 Zpÿm-\-߃, kpÿm\߃, tI{μ-߃
18 ]W-]cw, Bt]m-¢naw,
NXp-c{iw.
D]-Nbw.
{XntImWw
4
1. cminIƒ
(1)
kμ¿i\w hnX-\ptX ]nXr-tZ-h-\rWmw
amkm-_vZ-hm-k-c-Z-ssf-c-Y(1) Du-¿-≤zKw bXv
khyw IzNnXv IzNn-Zp--ss]-Xy-]-k-hy-taIw
tPymXnx ]cw ZniXp hkvXz-anXmw {inbw \x.
kμ¿i\w hnX-\ptX - ˛ kμ¿in-°p∂p (Z¿i\w \¬Ip-∂p),
]nXr-tZ-h -\rWmw ˛ ]nXr-°ƒ°pw tZh-Iƒ°pw a\p-jy¿°pw
(]nXr-˛-tZ-h-˛-a-\pjytemI-߃°v),
amk A_vZ hm-k-c- ˛ amkw, A_vZw (h¿jw), hmkcw (Znhkw)
Ch-bpsS,
Z-ssf-x AY ˛ ]IpXn hoXw,
Du-¿-≤zKw ˛ apI-fn-tebv°p Kan-°p-∂Xv,
bXv ˛ bmsXm-∂mtWm,
khyw ˛ CS-tØm-´v (sXt°m´v˛Z-£n-Wm-b-\w),
IzNnXv ˛ Nnte-SØv, Nne-t∏mƒ,
IzNn-Xv D--ss]-Xn- A]-k-hyw ˛ Nnte-S-Øv (Nne-t∏mƒ) he-tØm-´v
(hS-t°m-´ v˛ -DØcm-b-\w) k©-cn°p-∂p,
GIw tPymXnx ]cw -˛ ]ca-amb B tPymXn- v,
ZniXp ˛ ImWn-°s´ (\¬Is´),
hkvXp AanXmw {inbw ˛ Af-h‰ sFiz-cysØ,
\x ˛ \ap°v.
]mTt`Zw:(1) A[ Du¿≤zKw F∂p sNdph≈n. F∂m¬ AYbpsS ImcyØn¬
sX°p\n∂pap≈ \mWp]n≈ Bim\pw, hS°p\n∂pap≈ Pn.Fkv. I]qdpw Htc
A`n{]mb°mcmWv. Cu AY˛A[ hyXymkØn\p ImcWw tZh\mKcnen]nsb
At]£n®v {KŸm£cØn\p≈ ]cnanXnbmbncn°Ww.
kmcw:: ]nXr-°ƒ°pw tZh-Iƒ°pw a\p-jy¿°pw amk-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn, h¿j-
Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn, Znh-k-Øns‚ ]IpXn F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ Z¿i-\-a-cpfn, F√m-‰n\pw apIfn¬
Db¿∂p\n∂p {]Im-in-°p-∂, Bdp amkw sXt°m´pw Bdp amkw hS-t°m´pw k©-cn-
°p∂, ]c-a-amb B tPymXn v (kq-cy-tZ-h≥) \ap°p k¿h sFiz-cy-ßfpw {]Zm\w
sNø-s´.
(2)
hmKvtZhow Ipe-tZ-hXmw aa Kpcq≥ Ime{Xb⁄m\-Zm≥
kqcym-Zow› \h-{K-lm≥ KW-]Xnw `‡ym {]W-tay-izcw
kw£n]ym{Xn-]-cm-i-cmZn IYn-Xm≥ at{¥iztcm ssZhhnZv˛-
ht£y f lw ^e-Zo-]nImw kphnaemw tPymXn¿hnZmw {]oXtb.
5
hmKvtZhow ˛ kc-kz-Xo-tZ-hnsb,
Ipe-tZ-hXmw ˛ [¿Ω-ssZ-h-ßsf,
Ime{Xb⁄m\-Zm≥ ˛ {XnIm-e-⁄m-\n-I-fmb
aa Kpcq≥ ˛ Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y-∑msc,
kqcym-Zow› \h-{K-lm≥ ˛ kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb \h-{K-l-ßsf,
KW-]Xnw ˛ KW-]-Xnsb,
Cuizcw ˛ Cuiz-cs\ (inhs\)
`‡ym {]W-ay ˛ -`‡n-tbmsS {]W-an-®n´v,
A{Xn-]-cm-i-cmZn ˛ A{Xn, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am-cm¬,
IYn-Xm≥ ˛ ]d-b-s∏´ (tPymXnj^e⁄m\w)
kw£n]y ˛ Npcp°n Xømdm°nb
^e-Zo-]nImw kphnaemw ˛ ]hn-{X-amb Cu ^e-Zo-]nIsb
tPymXn¿hnZmw {]oXtb. ˛ tPymXnjhnZzm∑-mcpsS {]oXn°mbns°m- v
at{¥iztcm ssZh]nZv ˛ at{¥izcssZh⁄\mb
ht£y Alw ˛ Rm≥ hnhcn°p∂p
kmcw: hmKvtZhXbmb kc-kz-Xo-tZ-hn, Ipe-tZ-h-X, Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m¿, kqcy-`-K-hm≥
XpS-ßnb \h-{K-l-߃, KW-]-Xn, ]c-a-in-h≥ Chsc `‡ntbmsS hWßn ssZh-⁄-
\mb Rm≥, at{¥-iz-c≥, tPymXn-jm-Nm-cy-∑m-cmb A{Xn, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am-
cm¬ D]-tZ-in-°-s∏´ tPymXn-j-imkv{Xw ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS {]oXn-°-mbn-s°m- v Npcp°n
hnh-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
(3)
]Zm-`m-ssZy¿bss{¥¿P\\ka-tbm f {X {]Y-atXm
hnti-jm-Zzn-t⁄-b-x kl hnL-Sn-Im`n-kvXzY XZm
KssX¿ZrIv XpeyXzw KWn-XI-cssWx tJN-c-KXnw
hnZnXzm XZv`mhw _e-a]n ^ew ssXx IY-b-Xp.
{]Y-aXx ˛ BZy-ambn,
]Zm-`m-ssZyx bss{¥x ˛ ASn-b-fthm D]-I-c-W-ßtfm sh®v,
P\\ka-bx A{X ˛ P\-\-k-abw,
kl hnL-Sn-Im-`nx Xp AY ˛ hn\m-gnI klnXw,
hnti-jmXv hn--t⁄-b-x ˛ {]tXyIw Adn-bWw.
AXn\p tijw,
KssXxZrIv XpeyXzw KWn-XI-cssWx ˛ Zr§-Wn-X-{]-Imcw IW-°p-Iq´n,
tJN-c-KXnw ˛ (B kabsØ) {Kl-ÿnXn,
XZv`mhw _ew A]n ˛ `mhhpw _ehpw Dƒs∏sS
hnZnXzm ˛ Adn-™n´v
^ew ssXx ˛ Ah-bpsS -^ew,
IY-b-Xp ˛ ]d-bpI.
BZy-ambn icn-bmb P\-\-k-abw Is- -Øp-I. F∂n´v B P\-\-ka-b-sØ
{Kl\ne KWn-®p-- m-°p-I. (sk¬ t^mWn¬ hsc Akvt{SmfPn tkm^v‰vshb¿
6
e`yamb C°meØv Hcp {Kl \netbm Xe°pdntbm Xømdm°m≥ \nanj߃ am{Xw
aXn). AXn-\p-tijw {Kl-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ `mh-ßfpsSbpw `mhm-[n-]-∑m-sc∂
\nebv°v {Kl-ß-fpsSbpw _ehpw -^eZm-\-ti-jnbpw Nn¥ns®Sp-°pI.- C{Xbpw
sNbvXn´pthWw C\n ]d-bm≥t]mIp∂ PmXI-^e-{]-h-N\\nb-a-߃sh®p PmX-I-^ew
Nn¥n®pXpS-ßphm≥.
(4)
intcm-h-‡vtdm-tcm-lr-÷-T-c-I-SnhkvXn{]P-\\˛
ÿem-\yqcq Pmt\zm¿bp-K-f-anXn PwtL ]Z-bpKw
hne-·m¬ Imemw-Km-\y-fn-Q-j-Ip-fo-cm-¥n-a-anZw (1)
`k-‘n¿hn-JymXm kI-e-`-h-\m-¥m-\]n ]tc.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: AfnQjIpfocmfn Ncaw
cminIfpw Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ahbhßfpw cmin-N-{I-Øn¬ PmX-I-Øn¬
AwKw (cmin) (`mhw) inc ˛ inc v taSw 1
h{‡ ˛ apJw CShw 2
Dc ˛ s\©v anYp\w 3
lrZv ˛ lrZbw I¿°-SIw 4
PT-c ˛ hb¿ Nnßw 5
ISn ˛ Ac-s°´v I∂n 6
hkvXn ˛ s]m°nfn\p Xmsgbp≈ `mKw,
(aq{Xm-ibw) Xpemw 7
{]P-\-\-ÿ-em≥ ˛ P\-t\-{μnbw hr›nIw 8
Ducq ˛ XpS-Iƒ [\p 9
Pmt\zx bpKfw ˛ Im¬ap-´p-Iƒ aIcw 10
PwtL ˛ IW-¶m-ep-Iƒ Ipw`w 11
]Z-bpKw ˛ ]mZ-߃ ao\w 12
hne-·m¬ ˛ Cßs\ e·w apX¬°v
Imemw-Km\n ˛ Ime-]pcp-js‚ -AwK-߃ BIp-∂p.
cmin-N{Iw ÿe-am-W;v -k-abhp-am-Wv. ÿew 360 Un{Kn-bp≈ hrØ-am-sW-¶n¬,
kabw 60 \mgnI AYhm 24 aWn-°q¿ ssZ¿Lyap≈ Znh-k-am-Wv. KWn-Xw-sIm- vv
Chsb ]c-kv]cw am‰n-sb-Sp-°mw. cmin-N-{IsØ Ime-]p-cp-j-\mbn ImWp-∂-Xns‚ ASn-
ÿm\hpw C-Xm-Wv.
Imemw-Km\n hcmw-K-am-\-\-aptcm lrXv t{ImU-hm-tkm f `rtXm
hkvXn-¿hy-RvP-\-aq-cpPm-\p-bp-Ktf PwtL XtXm f w-{Ln-Zzbw
tajmizn{]Yam \h¿£NcWm›{IÿnXm cmitbm,
cmint£{XKrl¿£`m\n `h\w ssNIm¿∞k{ºXytb. ˛
(tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1-˛4)
7
Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ah-b-h-߃ 360 Un{Kn hrØ-amb cmin-N-{I-Ønƒ taSw
apX¬°pw PmXIØn¬ e·w-ap-X¬°pw Nn¥n°Ww. tlmcm-imkv{XØnse t«mI-
Øn¬ Imemw-Km\n.....-N-{I-ÿnXm cmibx F∂-Xp-sIm- v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv cmin-N-{I-cq-]-
Øn-ep≈ ]pcp-j-s\-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ hne-·m¬ F∂v FSpØp ]d-™n-
´p-≈-Xp-sIm- v PmX-I-Øn¬ e·w- ap-X¬°mWv CXp Nn¥n-t°-- -sX∂p hy‡-am-°p-
∂p. Ct∏mƒ km[m-cW sNbvXp-hcp-∂Xv IpP≥ PmX-I-Øn¬ Nnß-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬,
Nnßw F{Xmw `mh-amtWm AhnsS Hcp AS-bmfw ]d-bpI F∂-XmWv.
cmin-k‘nIƒ
Afn-Q-j-Ip-fo-cm-¥n-a-anZw
Afn ˛ tXƒ (hr›nIw),
Qjw ˛ a’yw (ao\w),
Ipfocw ˛ R- v (I¿-°-SIw),
A¥naw ˛ Ah-km-\-cmin (ao\w),
CZw ˛ C{]-Imcw,
`k‘nx ˛ cmin-k‘nIƒ
hyJymXm ˛ F∂p {]kn≤w.
kI-e-`-h-\m-¥m-\]n ]tc ˛ cmin-Iƒ tNcp-∂n-S-sØ√mw k‘n-bp-
s- ∂pw Nne¿°v A`n-{]m-b-ap-- v.
cmin-k‘nIfpw \£{Xk‘nIfpw ÿm\w cmin-k-‘n- \£-{X-k‘n 120w I¿°Sw ˛ Nnßw B-bneyw ˛ aIw
240w hr›nIw ˛ [\p Xr-t°´ ˛ aq-ew
360w ao\w ˛ taSw tc-hXn ˛ Aiz-Xn
N{μ≥ k‘n IS-°p-tºm-gmWv Kfim¥w. Kfim¥w aq∂p hn[-ap-- v.
cminK-fim-¥w, \£-{X-K-fim-¥w, XnYn-K-fim-¥w.
tlmcmimkv{Xw: 1˛7
iin`h\mfnQjm¥ar£k‘n....
^e-Zo-]n-I-bnse ASpØ t«mI-Øn-tebv°p IS-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv tlmcm-im-kv{X
Øn¬\n∂pXs∂ cmin-kz-cq]w hnhcn°p∂ Hcp t«mIw D≤-cn-°mw.
a’yu LSo \ran-Yp\w kKZw khoWw
Nm]o \tcm-iz-P-Lt\m aItcm arKmkyx
Xueox kkkyZl\m πhKm N I\ym
tijmx kz\m-a-k-Zr-im -kz-N-cm› k¿th. (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1-˛5)
cmin-kz-cq]w 1. a’yu ˛ c- p a’y-߃ (ao-\w)
2 LSo ˛ IpSw ]nSn-®-h≥ (Ipw-`w)
3 \ran-Yp\w kKZw khoWw ˛ KZ-tb-¥nb ]pcp-j\pw, hoW ]nSn®
kv{Xobpw (anYp\w)
4 Nm]o \tcm-iz-P-Lt\m - ˛ Nm]n \cx Aiz PL\x
8
˛ Acbv°p apI-fn¬, Iøn¬
hnt√m-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j≥,
Acbv°p Xmsg IpXn-c ([-\p)
5 aItcm arKmky ˛ am\ns‚ apJap≈ aI-c-a’yw
As√¶n¬ am\ns\ ]IpXn
hngpßnb apXe (a-I-cw)
6 Xueo ˛ Xpem p ]nSn® ]pcp-j≥(Xp-emw)
7 kkkyZl\m πhKm N I\ym ˛ Hcp Iøn¬ kkyhpw at‰ Iøn¬
]¥hpw]nSn®v tXmWn-bn¬ Ccn-°p∂
I\y-I (I-∂n)
tijmx kz\makZrim ˛ tijn-®h Xß-fpsS t]cn-\-\p-k-cn-®p-≈h
8. taSw ˛ BSv
9. CShw ˛ Imf
10. I¿°SIw ˛ R- v
11. Nnßw ˛ knwlw
12. hr›nIw ˛ tXfv
kzN-cm› k¿th ˛ F√mw Xm¥m-ß-fpsS ÿe-ß-fn¬
k©-cn-°p-∂h.
kzN-cm› k¿th F∂-Xns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-amWv ^e-Zo-]n-I-bnse ASpØ t«mIw.
(5)
ActWy tIZmtc ib-\-`-ht\ iz{`k-ente
Kncu ]mYx- kkym-\zn-X-`phn hnimw[mav\n kpjntc
P\m-[o-i-ÿmt\ kPehn]nt\ [mav\n hnN-c¬
Ipemte Ioemte hk-Xn-cpZnXm taj-`-h-\mXv.
ActWy ˛ Im´n¬,
tIZmtc ˛ hb-en¬,
ib-\-`-ht\ ˛ InS-∏p-ap-dnbn¬,
ip{`kente ˛ ip≤-P-e-Øn¬,
Kncu ˛ ae-I-fn¬,
]mYx kkym-\zn-X-`phn ˛ Pehpw kky-ß-fp-ap≈ ÿew,
hnimw-[mav\n ˛ I®-h-S-ÿ-e-߃,
kpjntc ˛ s]mØp-I-fn¬,
P\m-[o-i-ÿmt\ ˛ sIm´m-c-ß-fn¬,
kP-e-hn-]nt\ ˛ Pe-ap≈ Im´n¬,
[mav\n hnN-cXv Ipemte ˛ a¨]m-{X߃-- D- m°p-∂ ÿe-w
Ioemte ˛ Pe-Øn¬,
hkXnx DZnXm ˛ hmk-ÿm\w ]d-b-∏-Sp-∂p,
taj-`-h-\mXv ˛ taSw cmin-ap-X¬.
cmin-ÿm\-߃
9
cmin kzcq]w ÿm\w 1. ta-Sw BSv ImSv
2. C-S-hw Imf hb-¬
3. an-Yp-\w bph-an-Yp-\-߃ InS-∏p-ap-dn
4. I¿°-S-Iw R- v ip≤Pew
5. Nn-ßw knwlw ae{ºtZiw
6. I-∂n I\yI Pehpw kky-ß-fp-ap≈ ÿew
7. Xp-emw Xpem v I®-h-S-ÿ-e-߃
8. hr-›n-Iw R- v s]mØv
9. [-\p cmPKpcp cmPkZ v
10. a-I-cw aI-c-a’yw Pemibßfp≈ ImSv
11. Ipw-`w IpSw a¨]m-{X߃-- D- m°p-∂ÿe-w
12. ao-\w c- p a’y-߃ Pew
(6)
`uax ip-{I-_p-t[μp kqcyiin-Pmx ip-{Im-c- Po-hm¿°Pmx
atμm tZh-Kpcpx {ItaW IYnXm tajmZn cmio-izcmx
kqcym-Zp-®-Krlmx {Intbm hrjar-K-kv{Xo -I¿°n -ao-\m-kvXpemx
Zn{‡yw-ssi¿a-\p-bpIv XnYojp`\-Jmw-ssikvtX f kvX \oNmx {IamXv.
{Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyw
`uax ip-{I....tajmZn cmio-izcmx ˛ taSw XpS-ßnb cmin-IfpsS \m-Y-∑m¿
{ItaW IYnXm ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂p....
cmin cmiym[n]≥
1. taSw ua ˛ Ip-P≥ ˛ Ip
2. CShw ip{I ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ip
3. anYp\w _p[ ˛ _p[≥ ˛ _p
4. I¿°-Sw Cμp ˛ N-{μ≥ ˛ N
5. Nnßw kqcy ˛ chn ˛ c
6. I∂n iinPm ˛ _p-[≥ ˛ _p
7. Xpemw ip{I ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ip
8. hr›nIw Bc ˛ Ip-P≥ ˛ Ip
9. [\p Poh ˛ hymgw ˛ Kp
10. aIcw A¿°P ˛ i-\n ˛ a
11. Ipw`w aμ ˛ i-\n ˛ a
12. ao\w tZh-Kpcp ˛ hymgw ˛ Kp
£nXn-P-kn-X-⁄-N-{μ-c-hn-ku-ay-kn-Xm-h-\nPmx kqc-Kp-cp-ku-cn-a-μ-Kp-cp-h› Krlmw-i-I]mx (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1˛6)
cminN{Ihpw {KlßfpsS cmiym[n]Xyhpw ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w
Kp Ip ip _p
Ipw`w I¿°SIw
a N
aIcw Nnßw
10
a c
[\p hr›nIw Xpemw I∂n
Kp Ip ip _p
kuc-bqYhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyhpw
kuc-bq-Y-Øn¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS ÿm\w _p[≥, ip{I≥, -`qan, IpP≥,- Kpcp, i\n
F∂ {Ia-Øn-em-Wt√m. Cu {Ia-Øn¬ Øs∂-bmWv {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]-Xyhpw
hcp-∂Xv. apI-fn se 6 FÆw N{μ-m[o\hpw XmgsØ 6 FÆw kqcy-m[o\hp-am-Wv.
kqcy\p]Icw `qanbmWv Cu cminN{IØns‚ tI{μw F∂Xp am{XamWv Hcp
hyXymkw.
{Kl-ß-fpsS D®-cm-in-Ifpw AXyp®ÿm\ßfpw kqcym-Zp-®-Krlmx {Intbm hrjar-K-kv{Xo -I¿°n -ao-\m-kvXpemx
Zn{‡yw-ssi¿a-\p-bpIv XnYojp`\-Jmw-ssikvtX f kvX \oNmx {IamXv.
kqcymXv ˛ kqcy≥apX¬°,v
D®-Krlm ˛ D®cmin-Iƒ,
{Klw cmin chn {Inb ˛ ta-Sw,
N{μ≥ hrj ˛ C-Shw,
IpP≥ arK ˛ a-I-cw,
_p[≥ kv{Xo ˛ I-∂n,
Kpcp I¿°n ˛ I¿°-S-Iw,
ip{I≥ ao\ ˛ ao\w,
i\n Xpemw ˛ Xpemw,
D®w `qXkwJybn¬
ZnIv ˛ ]Øp Zn°pIƒ ˛ 10
{Xywssix ˛ 3 `mK
a\p-bpIv ˛ a\p°ƒ 14, 14 $ 2 = 28
XnYn ˛ XnYnIƒ 15.
Cjp ˛ icw ˛ ]©ic߃ ˛ 5
`w ˛ 27 \£{X߃ ˛ 27
\J ˛ \J߃ 10+ 10 = 20
AkvX ˛ (Chbp-sS) Ggmwcmin,
\oN ˛ \oN-ÿm\w,
{IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬.
]´nI
11
{Klw D®w AXp®w \oNw AXn\oNw chn taSw 10T Xpemw 10T
N{μ≥ CShw 3T hr›nIw 3T
IpP≥ aIcw 28T I¿°Sw 28T
_p[≥ I∂n 15T ao\w 15T
Kpcp I¿°Sw 5T aIcw 5T
ip{I≥ ao\w 27T I∂n 27T
i\n Xpemw 20T taSw 20T
kq-cy\v taS-Øn¬ D®w. taS-w 10 Un{Kn-bn¬ AXyp®w. Cu coXnXs∂ a‰p-≈-
h¿°pw. D®-Øn¬\n∂pw Ggmwcmin \oNw. AXyp®Øn¬\n∂pw 180T Un{Knbn¬
AXn\oNw.
AP-hr-j-`-ar-Kmw-K-\m-Ip-focm
Qj-h-WnPu N Znhm-I-cmZn XpwKmx (tlmcm-im-kv{Xw : 1-˛13)
(7)
knwtlm-£m-Ph[qlbmwKhWnPx
Ipw`-kv{Xn-tIm-Wmx -c-thx
- t⁄tμmkvXq-®-e-hm∂tJmUzn-\-i-sscx
-ZnKv`q-X-Ir-Xyw-issIx
Nm]m-Zy¿[h-[q\r-bp-Kv L-S-Xpem
a¿Xym› IoSm f fn`w
Xzm]ymx I¿°narKm-]-cm¿≤i^-cmx
tijm-›-Xp-jv]m-Z-Imx.
{Klß-fpsS aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-Iƒ
{XntImtW ˛ aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-߃,
cth-x ˛ kqcy≥ apX¬°v,
aqe-{Xn-tIm-Wcmin aqe-{Xn-tIm-W`mK {Klw ]cn[n knwl ˛ Nnßw, \tJm ˛ \Jw ˛ 20T c 1˛20
D£ ˛ CShw, DUp ˛ \£{X߃ ˛ 27T N 4˛30
AP ˛ ta-Sw, C\ ˛ kqcy∑m¿ ˛ 12T Ip 1˛12
h[p ˛ I-∂n, ic ˛ ic߃ ˛ 5T _p 16˛20
lbmwK˛ [-\p, ZnIv ˛ Zn°pIƒ ˛ 10T Kp 1˛10
hWnP ˛ Xp-emw, `qX ˛ ]©`qX߃ 5T ip 1˛5
Ipw` ˛ Ipw`w, IrXn ˛ 20T a 1˛20
knwtlm hrjx {]Y-a-j-jvT-l-bmw-K-Xu-eo
Ipw`m-x {Xn-tIm-W-`-h-\m\n `h¥n kqcym-Xv. (tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: 1-˛14)
\c-cm-in-Iƒ, IoS-cm-inIƒ, Pe-cm-in-Iƒ, NXp-jv]m-ZcminIƒ
(c- p Imep-≈h, \mep Imep-≈h, Pe-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h....)
...Nm]m-Zy¿[h-[q\r-bp-Kv L-S-Xpem a¿Xym› IoSm f fn`w
12
Xzm]ymx I¿°narKm-]-cm¿≤i^-cmx tijm-›-Xp-jv]m-Z-Imx.
Nm]mZy¿≤ ˛ [\p BZysØ ]IpXn (Acbv°p apIfn¬),
h[p ˛ I∂n,
\rbpKv ˛ anYp\w,
LS ˛ Ipw`w,
Xpem ˛ Xpemw,
a¿Xym ˛ (Ch) a-\p-jy cm-in-Iƒ,
IoS Afn`w ˛ hr›nIw IoS-cmin (Nne-hymJym\
ßfn¬ ao\hpw ImWp∂p),
Xzm]ym ˛ A∏v cmin-Iƒ (Pe-/Pem{ibcm-in-Iƒ),
I¿°n ˛ I¿°-SIw,
arKA]-cm¿≤ ˛ aIcw at‰ ]IpXn (A-cbv°p Xmsg),
i^cm ˛ ao\w,
tijm ˛ _m°n-bp-≈h,
NXp-jv]m-ZIm ˛ \mep Imep-≈h.
1. taSw ˛ \m¬--°men
2. CShw ˛ \m¬--°men
3. anYp\w ˛ a\pjycmin
4. I¿°SIw ˛ Pe-cm-in-
5. Nnßw ˛ \m¬--°men
6. I∂n ˛ a\pjycmin
7. Xpemw ˛ a\pjycmin
8. hr›nIw ˛ IoScmin
9. [\p ˛ 1. BZysØ ]IpXn a\pjycmin
2. c- masØ ]IpXn \m¬--°men
10. aIcw ˛ 1. BZysØ ]IpXn \m¬--°men
2. c- masØ ]IpXn Pecmin
11. Ipw`w ˛ a\pjycmin
12. ao\w ˛ Pecmin.
(8)
tKmI¿°yiz-P- \-{I-`m-\yY \rbp-Mv
ao-\u- ]tc cmib˛
kvtX ]rjvtTm-`-b-tIm-Zbmx kanYp\mx
]rjvtTmZ-bmss›μhmx
kucm-x tij-Krlmx {ItaW IYnXm
cm{XnZypkw⁄mx {Iam˛
Zq¿≤zm-[ -a-h-{I (1) `m\n Xp ]p\˛
kvXo-£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : h{‡
]rjvtTm-Z-b ˛ D`-tbm-Z-b ˛ io¿tjm-Zbcmin-Iƒ
1. tKm ˛ CShw,
13
I¿°n ˛ I¿°-SIw,
Aiz ˛ [\p,
AP ˛ taSw,
\{I`m\n ˛ aIcw F∂n-h A©pw,
2. \rbpMv ˛ anYp\w,
ao\u ˛ ao\w F∂n-h c- pw {Ia-Øn¬,
]rjvT ˛ ]rjvTwsIm- v DZn-°p-∂-hbpw,
D`-b-tIm-Zb ˛ c- p `mKw-sIm- pw DZn-°p-∂-hbpw,
BIp∂p.
3. tijn-®h (Nnßw, -I-∂n, Xpemw,
hr›n-Iw, Ipw`w Ch A©pw) ˛˛ io¿tjm-ZbcminIfpw BIp-∂p.
cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ
1. kan-Yp\m ˛ anYp-\hpw,
]rjvtTm-Z-bx N ˛ ]rjvtTm-Z-b-cm-in-Ifpw,
Cμhm ˛ -N{μ-s‚ Iogn-ep-≈-hbmIp-∂p.
kucm tij -Krlm ˛ tijn-®h kqcys‚ Iogn-ep-≈-hbpw,
ItaW ˛ {I-a-Øn¬
IYnXm -˛ ]d-b-∏s∏Sp∂p.
2. cm{Xn ˛ cm{Xn cmin-Iƒ F∂pw,
Zyp ˛ ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ F∂pw,
kw⁄m ˛ t]cp-Iƒ,
IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]dbs∏Sp∂p
.
cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ cm{Xn _e-ap-≈-hbpw, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ ]I¬ _eap-≈-hbpw
BIp-∂p.
]´nI
1. taSw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin
2. CShw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin
3. anYp\w ˛ D`tbmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin
4. I¿°SIw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin
5. Nnßw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin
6. I∂n ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin
7. Xpemw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin
8. hr›nIw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin
9. [\p ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin
10 .aIcw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[o\w cm{Xncmin
11. Ipw`w ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin
12 .ao\w ˛ D`tbmZbw kqcym[o\w ]I¬cmin
14
tlmcm-im-kv{X-w: 1-˛10
tKmPm-izn-I¿°n-an-Yp\mx karKm \nimJymx
]rjvtTm-Zbm hnan-Yp\mx IYn-XmkvX Gh
io¿tjm-Zbm Zn\-_em› `h¥n tijmx......
Du¿≤-˛-A-[-˛-k-a-cmin-Iƒ
...Du¿≤zm-[k-a-h-{I`m\n Xp ]p\kvXo-£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬.˛
Du¿≤z ˛ Du¿≤zcminIƒ,
A[ ˛ A[-a-cminIƒ,
k-a ˛ ka-cminIƒ,
h{I `m\n Xp ]p\x ˛ h{I-cminIƒ F∂n-ßs\,
Xo£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬ ˛ kqcy≥ hn´ cmin-ap-X¬°v
{Ia-Øn¬ IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
DZmlcWw kqcy≥ CShØn¬:
kqcy≥ apºp \n∂ cmin ˛ taSw ˛ Du¿≤z
Ct∏mƒ (P\\Øn¬ --)
\n¬°p∂ cmin ˛ CShw ˛ A[
AXn\SpØ cmin ˛ anYp\w ˛ ka
]n∂sØ cmin ˛ I¿°SIw ˛ h{I
kq-cy≥ ]n∂n´ cmin-ap-X¬ ]{¥- p cmin-I-sfbpw Cßs\ IW-°m-°Ww
F∂mWv Cu X¿÷abv°Snÿm\amb, tZh\mKcn en]nbnep≈, ]Xn∏pIfn¬
ImWp∂Xv. F∂m¬ sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬ Du¿≤zm[ a h{‡`m\n Xp ]p\ kvXo
£vWmwipap‡m¬ {Klm¬ F∂p aqehpw kqcy≥ hn´ cmin apX¬ \mep cmin
Du¿≤zapJ cminbpw AXn\SpØ \mep cminIƒ XncyMvapJcminbpamWv F∂
A¿∞hpw sImSp Øncn°p∂p. A[w, kaw, h{‡w F∂nhsb °pdn®vv H∂pw
]dbp∂n√. kqcy≥ hn´ cminapX¬ {IaØn¬ Du¿≤z apJw, At[mapJw, XncyMv
apJw F∂nßs\bpw ]d™p hcp∂p F∂mWv sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym\w.
aplq¿Ø˛{]iv\{KŸßfn¬ cminIsf Du¿≤zapJcmin, At[mapJcmin, XncyMvapJ
cmin F∂p aq∂mbn Xcw Xncn°p∂p- v. AXn¬ kqcy≥ ]n∂n´ cmin Du¿≤zapJhpw
Ct∏mƒ \n¬°p∂ cmin At[mapJhpw AXn\SpØ cmin XncyMvapJhpamWv.
h{Iw/h{‡w Fs∂m∂v AXnen√. Hmebn¬ tZh\mKcnen]nbn¬ ]I¿Øn FgpXp
tºmƒ h{‡w h{IambXmsW∂pw hcmw. AsX¥mbmepw, Zn√n ]Xn∏pIfn¬ AXp
h{IwXs∂bmWv.
(9)
tajm-Zml Ncw ÿncm-Jy-ap-`bw Zzmcw _ln¿K¿``w
[mXp¿aq-e-an-Xol Poh-ap-ZnXw {Iqcw N kuayw hnZpx
tajmZymx IYn-Xm-kv{Xn-tIm-Wk-lnXmx {]mKmZn\mYmx {Iam˛
tZmP¿£w ka`w ]pamw› bph-Xn¿hmamMvKakvXm-Zn-Iw.
Nc-˛ÿn-c˛-D-`-b-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh
15
Ncw ÿncw D`bw
Zzmcw _ln K¿`w
[mXp aqew Poh≥
taSw CShw anYp\w
I¿°-SIw Nnßw I∂n
Xpemw hr›nIw [\p
aIcw Ipw`w ao\w
]pcp-j-cminIƒ, kv{Xo-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh (....HmP¿£w ka`w ]pamw› bph-Xn¿hmamwKakvXm-Zn-Iw.)
{Iqcw kuayw
HmPw bp‹w
]pcp-j≥ kv{Xo taSw CShw
anYp\w I¿°-SIw
Nnßw I∂n
Xpemw hr›nIw
[\p aIcw
Ipw`w ao\w
tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: -1-˛11
{Iqc-x kuayx ]pcp-j-h-\ntX tX Ncm-K-Zzn-tZlmx
cminIƒ°v Zn°p-I-fpsS B[n]Xyw tajmZym ˛ taSw apX¬°v,
{XntIm-W klnXm- ˛ {XntIm-W-߃ (5,9) AS°w,
{]mKm-Zn-\mYm ˛ Ing°p XpS-ßnb Zn°pI-fpsS(BIp∂p).
\mY-∑m¿
Ing°v sX°v ]Sn-™mdv hS°v taSw CShw anYp\w I¿°-SIw
Nnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw
[\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w
tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: 1-˛11
{]mKm-Zoimx {Inb-hr-j-\r-bp-°¿°Smx k{XntImWmx
hmamw-K- Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ
hmamw-K-cm-in-Iƒ Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ
(CSXv) (heXv)
(1) cminN{IØn¬
Xpemw ap-X¬ ao\w hsc taSw apX¬ I∂n hsc
16
(2) PmXIØn¬
7˛12 `mh߃ 1 ˛ 6 `mh߃
2. `mh-ß-fpsS t]cp-Ifpw Imc-I-Xz-ßfpw
(10)
e·w tlmcm Iey tZtlm-Z-bmJyw
cq]w io¿jw h¿Ø-am\w N P∑
hnØw hnZym kzm∂-]m-\m\n `p‡nw
Zm£m£ymkyw ]{XnIm hmIv IpSpw_w.
H∂mw `mhw
1. e·w
2. tlmcm
3. Ieyw ˛ kpJw, BtcmKyw
4. tZlw
5. DZ-bw ˛ DZbcmin
6. cq]w
7. io¿jw ˛inc v
8. h¿Øam\w˛˛ h¿Øam\Imew
9. P∑-w.
c- mw `mhw
1. hnØw
2. hnZy
3. kz ˛ kzØv
4. A∂-]m-\w
5. `p‡n
6. Z£A£n ˛ heXpIÆv
7. Bkyw ˛ apJw
8. ]{Xn-I
9. hmIv
10. IpSpw_w
(11)
Zp›n¬tImtcm Z£-I¿Æmw› tk\mw
ss[cyw iucyw hn{Iaw {`mXcw N
tKlw t£{Xw amXpew `mKn-t\bw
_‘pw an{Xw hml\w amXcw N.
aq∂mw `mhw 1. Zp›n¬--Iw
2. Dcx ˛ Dc v (amdnSw)
17
3. Z£I¿Æ ˛ heXp sN-hn
4. tk\ -˛ ssk\yw
5. ss[cyw
6. iucyw
7. hn{I-aw
8. {`mXcw ˛ ktlm-Z-c≥ .
\memw `mhw 1. tKlw ˛ hoSv
2. t£{Xw ˛ `qan
3. amXpew ˛ AΩm-h≥
4. `mKn-t\bw ˛ acp-a-I≥
5. _‘p
6. an{Xw
7. hml\w
8. amXcw ˛ amXmhv
(12)
cmPyw tKm alnj kpK‘ hkv{X `qjmx
]mXmfw ln_pI kpJmw_p tkXp \Zyx
cmPm¶w kNn-h-I-cm-fl[o `hn-jyXv˛
⁄m\m-kq≥ kpX-P-Tc {ipXnkvarXn›.
\memw `mhw (Xp-S¿®) 9. cmPyw
10. tKm ˛ ]ip
11. alnjw ˛ Fcp-a
12. kpK‘w
13. hkv{Xw
14. `qjmx ˛ B`-c-W-߃
15. ]mXmfw
16. ln_pIw
17. kpJw
18. Aw_p ˛ Pew
17. tkXp ˛ AW-s°-´v
19. \Zyx ˛ \ZnIƒ
A©mw `mhw 1. cmPm¶w - ˛ cmPNn-”w
2. kNn-h-I-¿ ˛ a{¥nam¿
3. Bfl ˛ Bflmhv
4. [o - ˛ _p≤n
5. `hn-jyXv ˛ `mhn
6. ⁄m\w, (`hn-jy⁄m\w --F∂pw ImWp∂p).
- 7. kpX ˛ a°ƒ
18
-8. P-Tcw ˛ DZcw
9. {ipXn ˛ {ippXnIƒ (thZ-߃).
10. kvarXn ˛ kvarXnIƒ (a\pkvarXn apXembh).
(13)
EWmkv{X-tNm-c-£-X-tcm-K-i-{Xq≥
⁄mXymPn ZpjvIr-Xy-L-`oXy-h⁄mx
Pman{X NntØm∞ aZm-kvX-Im-am≥
Zyp\m-≤z-tem-Im≥ ]Xn-am¿§-`mcym.
Bdmw `mhw 1. EWw ˛ IS-w
2. Akv{Xw ˛ Bbp-[w -
3. tNm-c ˛ I≈≥
4. £-Xw ˛ apdn-hv
5. tcm-Kw -
6. i-{Xp
7. ⁄mXn ˛ _‘p°ƒ
8. APn ˛ bp≤w
9. ZpjvIr-Xn ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω-߃
10. A-Lw -˛ ]m]w
11. `oXn ˛ `bw
12. Ah⁄m ˛ Ah-⁄
Ggmw `mhw 1. Pman{Xw
2. NntØm∞w ˛ hnIm-cw
3. aZ ˛ aZw
4. A-kvX ˛- AkvX-a-\w
5 Imaw
6. Zyp\w
7. A≤z- ˛ \SØw
8. tem-Im ˛ P\w
9. ]Xn ˛ - ¿Øm-hv
10. am¿§w ˛ hgn
11. `mcy
(14)
awKeyc{‘aen-\m[n]cm-`-hmbpx
t¢im-]-hm-Z-a-c-Wm-ipNnhnLv\-Zmkm≥
BNmcyssZhX]nXr≥ ip`]q¿h`mKy
]qPm X-]- p-IrX]u{X P]mcyhwim≥.
F´mw `mhw
19
1. awKeyw ˛ Xmen, `¿Øm-hns‚ Bbp v
2. c{‘ ˛ Zu¿_-eyw
3. aen\ ˛ Agp°v
4. B[n ˛ ZpxJw
5. ]cm-`hw ˛ A-ham-\w
6. Bbpx ˛ Bbp- v
7. t¢i ˛ A]hmZ,
8. ac-W
9. AipNn ˛ ]pe
10. hnLv\ ˛ XS- -߃
11. Zmk ˛ th-e-°m-c≥
HºXmw `mhw 1. BNmcy - ˛ Kp-cp
2. ssZhX -˛ tZ-h-X
3. ]nXr ˛ A—≥
4. ip`w
5. ]q¿h`mKy ˛ ap-÷-∑-kp-Ir-Xw
6. ]qP
7. X]- v,
8. kpIr-Xw
9. ]u{X≥
10. P]w
11. Bcyhwiw ˛ D-XvIr-jvS- IpeØn¬ P\\w
(15)
hym]m-cm-kv]-Z-am-\I¿aPbkXvIo¿Ønw {IXpw Poh\w
thymam-Nmc KpW-{]-hrØn Ka-\m-\ym-⁄mw› tajq-cWw
em`m-bm-K-a-\m]vXnkn≤n hn`-hm≥ {]m]vXnw `hw «mLyXmw
tPyjvT-{`m-X-c-a-\y-I¿Ækc-km≥ kt¥m-j-am-I¿Æ-\w.
]Ømw `mhw 1. hym]m-cw ˛ I®hSw
2. Bkv]Zw ˛ ASnÿm-\w
3. am\w ˛ A`n-am-\w
4. I¿aw ˛ {]h¿Øn, sXmgn¬
5. Pbw ˛ hnPbw
6. kXvIo¿Øn ˛ k¬t]-cv
7. {IXp ˛ bmKmZn I¿a-߃
8. Poh\w ˛ Po-hn-X-am¿§w
9. thymaw ˛ BImiw
10 BNm-cw
11. KpW{]hrØn kXvI¿Ω߃ 12. Ka\ ˛ t]m°v (\S-Øw)
20
13. B⁄m ˛ B-⁄m-i-‡n 14.tajqcWw. ]Xns\m∂mw `mhw 1. em`w ˛ em`w
2. B-bw ˛ h-c-hv
3. BK-a-\w ˛ hchv
4. B]vXn ˛ e-_v[n
5. kn≤n ˛ In´¬
--6. hn`-hw (kn≤nhn`-hm≥ F∂pw)
7. {]m]vXn
8. `hw
9. «mLyX ˛ Io¿Øn
10. tPyjvT-{`m-X-cw˛ tPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c≥
11. A\y-I¿Æw ˛ CSXp sNhn
12. kc-kw ˛ kmc-kyw
13. kt¥mjw
14. BI¿Æ-\w ˛ tIƒ°¬.
(16)
ZpxJmw{Ln hma-\-b\£bkqN-Im-¥y˛
Zmcn{Zy]m]ib\hybcnx^ _‘m≥
`mhm-lzbm \nK-ZnXmx {Ia-tim f Y eo\˛
ÿm\w {Xn jUv hyb ]cm-`h cmin-\m-a.
]{¥- mw `mhw 1. ZpxJw ˛ ZpJw
2. Aw{Ln ˛ Imep-Iƒ
3. hma-\-b\w ˛ CSXp IÆv
4. £bw ˛ \miw
5. kqNIw ˛ kqNI≥
6. A¥yw ˛ Ahkm\w, Ah-km\`mhw
7. Zmcn{Zyw
8. ]m]w
9. ib\w
10. hybw
11. cn^w,
12. _‘\w.
eo\-ÿm-\-߃ {Xn ˛ aq∂v,
jUv ˛ Bdv,
hyb ˛ ]{¥- v,
]cm`h ˛ F´v
21
(17)
Zpxÿm-\-a-jvS-a-cn]phyb`mh-amlpx
kpÿm\a\y`h\w ip`Zw {]ZnjvSw
{]mlp¿hn-e·Zik]vXNXp¿∞-`m\n
tI{μm ln I- INXp-jvSb\ma-bp‡w.
Zpÿm-\-߃
AjvSaw ˛ F´mw `mhw,
cn]p ˛ Bdmw `mhw,
hybw ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhw.
kpÿm\߃
kpÿm-\-w A\y-`-h\w ˛ a‰p `mh߃ (6˛8˛12 Hgn®p≈h) kpÿm\ßfmWv.
ip-`Zw {]ZnjvSw ˛ Ahsb√mw ip`IchpamWv
CXv kmμ¿`nIamb Hcp {]kvXmh\ am{XamWv. 3˛6˛11, 2˛7 F∂nh bpw ip`Ica√.
IrXyambn ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ 1˛5˛9 `mh߃, AXmbXv {XntImW߃, am{XamWv
XnI®pw ip`Icambn´p≈h. ChbpsS ip`Xzhpw Bt]£nIamWv. `mh_eaps-
¶nte kpÿm\߃IqSn ip`ZamIq.
tI{μ-߃
hne· ˛ e·w (H∂mw `mhw),
Zi ˛ ]Ømw `mhw,
k]vX ˛ Ggmw `mhw,
NXp¿∞ ˛ \memw `mhw F∂nh,
tI{μmx ˛ tI{μ`mhßfmWv.
I- INXp-jvSb\ma-bp‡w ˛ I- Iw, NXpjvSbw F∂nh
tI{μØns‚ ]cymbßfmWv.
(18)
]W-]-c-anXn tI{μm-Zq¿≤z-am-t]m-¢naw XXv
]c-aY NXp-c{iw ss\[\w _‘p-`w N
AY kap-]-N-bm\n thyma-iu-cymcnem`w
\hakpX`bp‹w kym{ØntImWw {]ikvXw.
]W-]-c-w apXembh
]W-]-c-w CXn tI{μm-Xv Du¿≤zw ˛ tI{μ߃°v sXm´p≈h ]W]cßfmWv.
Bt]m-¢naw XXv ]cw - ˛ AXn\psXm´p≈h Bt]m-¢naßfpw.
NXp-c{iw ss\[\w _‘p-`w N ˛ F´pw \mepw NXpc{ißfmWv.
22
kap-]-N-bm\n thyma-iu-cymcn em`w˛ 10˛3˛6˛11 F∂nh D]Nbßfpw,
\ha kpX` bp‹w kymXv {Xn-tImWw {]ikvXw
˛ HºXv, A©v F∂nh c- pw (ip`Icsa∂p) {]kn≤amb {XntImWßfpamWv.
tI{μ-w 1 4 7 10
]W-]cw 2 5 8 11
Bt]m-¢naw 3 6 9 12
NXp-c{iw 8 4 . .
D]-Nbw 10 3 6 11
{XntImWw 9 5 . .
eo\ÿm\߃ \yq\ (tZmj) kz`mhap≈hbpw D]Nbÿm\߃ A`nhr≤n
\¬Ip∂hbpw {XntImW߃ ip`Ichpw BIp∂p. tI{μ߃ s]mXpsh _eZmbI
ßfmsW¶nepw B[n]Xyhpw ÿnXnbpw A\pcn®v ip`{Klßsfbpw ]m]{Klß
sfbpw hyXykvXambn _m[n°p∂p.
23
A≤ymbw 2
{Klt`Zm≤ymbw
hnjbhnhcw t«mIw
1˛7 {KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃
8˛14 {KlßfpsS cq]hpw kz`mhhpw
15˛16 hmkÿm\w, Zn°pIfpsS B[n]Xyw
17˛20 a‰p Imc-I-Xz-߃ (sXmgn¬,]£n, arKw apX-em-bh)
21, 22. i{Xp-an-{XXzw: ss\k¿§nIw,
23 i{Xp-an-{XXzw: Xm¬°menIw,
ss\k¿§nIw + Xm¬°menIw.
{Kl-ZrjvSn (ho-£Ww)
24. Imew, h¿Æw, KpWw, EXp
25. _‘p, t\{XImcIXzw
26. tZlw˛tZln, K‘˛ck˛cq]˛i_vZ˛kv]¿iImcIXzw
27. ip`∑-mcpw ]m]∑-mcpw
]p-cpj{Kl-ßfpw kv{Xo{Klßfpw
{Kl-ß-fpsS tZhXIƒ, ]©`qXw
28. [m\yw, tZiw
29. cXv\w
30. temlw, hkv{Xw
31 ck-w
32. ASbmfw, {]mbw
33. cmlpkzcq]w
34. tIXp-kz-cq]w
35. cmlptIXp°fpsS ]m{Xw, hkv{Xw, an{Xßfpw i{Xp°fpw
36 ÿnXnsIm- v A\pIqehpw {]XnIqehpamb {Kl߃
37 hr£mZn ImcIXzw
Ime-]p-cp-j\pw {Kl-ßfpw XΩnep≈ _‘w cmin-N-{IsØ Ime-]p-cp-js‚ ico-c-ambn tlmcm-im-kv{X-Øn¬ D]-an-®Xv, PmX-I-
]p-cp-js‚ ico-c-`m-K-ß-fmbn ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ Ign™ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn°pI
bp- mbn. F∂m¬, tlmcm-imkv{X-Øn¬ B Ime-i-co-c-Øn¬ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈
Ggp {Kl-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-w hnh-cn-°p-∂ t«mI-Øn\p kam-¥-c-ambn, PmX-I-]p-cp-js‚
24
Bflmhv, a\ v XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ ]d-bp∂ Hcp t«mIw ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn-en√ AXn-\p-
Im-c-Ww, tlmcm-imkv{Xw Imc-I-Xz-߃ ]d-bp-∂Xv hnj-b-{Ia--Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ ^e-Zo-
]nI AXp ]d-bp-∂Xv {Kl{Ia-Øn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm-- v, {][m\yw IW-°n-se-SpØv,
tlmc-bnse B t«mIw (tlmcm-ikv{Xw: 2-˛1) ChnsS D≤-cn-°-bm-Wv:
Imemflm Zn\-Ir-∑-\-kvXp-ln-\Kpx kXzw IptPm t⁄m htNm
Pothm ⁄m\-kptJ knX› aZt\m ZpJw Znt\-im-flPx......
1. Imemflm - Zn\-IrXv ˛ kqcy≥ Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Bflmhpw
2. a\x Xpln-\Kp ˛ N{μ≥ a\ pw
3. kXzw IpPx ˛ IpP≥ a\-ssÿ-cyhpw
4. ⁄ hN ˛ _p[≥ hm°pw
5. Poh ⁄m\-kptJ ˛ hymgw ⁄m\hpw kpJhpw,
6. knX› aZ\x ˛ ip{I≥ ⁄m\kpJßfpw
IqSmsX Imahpw
7. ZpJw Znt\-im-flPx ˛ i\n ZpJhpw BIp∂p.
knXx N aZ\x.... ChnsS hfsc A¿∞-h-Ømb Hcp N sIm- v ⁄m\-kp-J-߃
ip{I\pw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ⁄m\-kp-J-ß-fpsS hyXymkw a\- n-em-°m≥ Kpcphpw
ip{I\pw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw Adn™m¬ aXn. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v, ]ØmasØ t«m-I-
Øn¬ _rl-kv]Xn t{ijvT-aXn F∂pw `rKp kpJo F∂pw Ch-cpsS kz`mhw ]d-
bp∂p- v. AXm-bXv t{ijvTa-Xn-bmb Kpcp- kqNn-∏n°p∂Xv ip≤amb ⁄m\hpw
kpJn-bmb ip{I≥ kqNn-∏n°p∂Xp euInI ⁄m\hp ambncn°pw.
kpJØns‚ ImcyØnepw Cu hyXmkw ImWmw. i\nsbmgn®v a‰v Bdp
{Klßsfs°m- pw kpJw ]dbp∂p- v. AhnsSbpw {KlßfpsS kz`mhw t\m°n
thWw kpJsØ hnebncpØm≥. DZmlcWØn\v ip{I≥ kv{Xo, hml\w, hoSv F∂o
kpJ߃ kqNn∏n°ptºmƒ Cu hIp∏n¬ kqcy≥ A—\n¬\n∂pap≈ kpJhpw
N{μ≥ AΩbn¬\n∂pap≈ kpJhpw hymgw a°fn¬\n∂pap≈ kpJhpw a‰pamWv
{][m\ambpw kqNn∏n°pI.
{KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃ (PmXIØnepw a‰pw {Klßsfs°m- p Nn¥nt°- hnjb߃)
(1)
Xm{aw kz¿Æw ]nXrip`-^ew Nmfl-kuJyw {]Xm]w
ss[cyw iucyw kan-Xn-hn-Pbw cmP-tkhm {]Imiw
ssihw Imcyw h\-Kn-cn-KXnw tlma-Im-cy-{]-hrØnw
tZh-ÿm\w IY-bXp _p[--kvssX-£vWy-ap-’m-l-a¿°m¬
kqcy≥
Xm{aw ˛ sNºv.,
kz¿Æw.,
]nXr ˛ A-—≥,
ip - ew -(]nXrip`^ew F∂pw).
25
Bfl ˛ Bflmhv, Xm≥.
kuJyw ˛ kpJw (BflkuJyw F∂pw).
{]Xm]w.
ss[cyw.
iucyw.
kan-Xn- hn-Pbw ˛ bp-≤-Øn¬ Pbw.
cmP-tkh ˛ cmPmhns\ tkhn°¬ --
(kcv°m¿ tPmenbpw CXn¬ s]Sp∂p)
{]Imiw.
ssihw Imcyw ˛ inhs\ kw_‘n®Imcy߃ .
h\Kn-cn KXnw ˛ Im´neqsSbpw ta´neqsSbpap≈ bm{X,
tlma-Im-cy-{]-hrØnw ˛ tlm-ahpambn _‘s∏´ Imcy-߃,
tZh-ÿm\w ˛ t£{X-ßfpw a‰pw,
ssX-£vWyw ˛ Xo£vWX,
D’m-lw.
IY-bXp _p[ A¿°mXv ˛ (C{]-Imcw) _p[∑-m¿ (]WvUn-X-∑m¿),
kqcy-s\-s°m- v (AYhm kq-cys‚ Imc-
I-Xz-߃) ]d-bp∂p.
(2)
amXr kzkvXn a\x-{]-km-Z-ap-Z-[n-kv\m\w knXw Nmacw
O{Xw kphy-P\w ^em-\n -ar-Zpew ]pjv]mWn kkyw Irjnw
Io¿Ønw au‡n-I-Imw-ky-cu-]y-a-[p-c-£ocmZnhkv{Xmw_p tKm
tbmjm]vXnw kpJ-t`m-P\w X\p-kpJw cq]w htZ-®-{μ-Xx
N{μ≥
amXr ˛ amXmhv,
kzkvXn ˛ kpJw,
(am-Xpx -kzkvXn -- ˛ amXmhns‚ kuJyw F∂pw)
a\-{]-km-Zw ˛ a\- pJw,
DZ-[n-kv\m\w ˛ Xo¿∞kv\m\w,
knXw Nmacw ˛ sh©m-a-cw,
O{Xw ˛ IpS,
kphy-P\w ˛ hnidn (Be-h-´w),
^em-\n- ar-Zpew ˛ am¿±-h-ap≈ ]g-߃,
]pjv]mWn ˛ ]pjv]-߃,
kkyw,
Irjn
Io¿Øn ˛ {]ikvXn,
au‡nIw ˛ apØv,
Imwkyw ˛ sh¶ew (Iq´p-tem-lw),
cu]yw ˛ sh≈n, a[p-cw,
£ocmZn ˛ ]m¬ XpS-ßn-bh,
hkv{Xw
Aw_p ˛ Pew,
tKm ˛ ]ip,
26
tbmjm ˛ kv{Xo,
B]vXn ˛ e-_v[n (kv{Xoe_v[n)
kpJ-t`m-P\w ˛ £-WkpJw,
X\p-kpJw ˛ ico-c-kp-Jw,
cq]w ˛ BIrXn (cq]`wKn) (F∂nh)
htZXv N{μXx ˛ N{μ-s\-s°m- p ]d-bWw.
(3)
kXzw `q^-enXw ktlm-Z-c-KpWw {Iucyw cWw kmlkw
hntZzjw N alm-\-km·n I\I⁄mXykv{XtNmcm≥ cn]q≥
D’mlw ]c-Im-a-\o-cXnaktXym‡nw alo-Pm-ZztZ˛
Zzocyw NnØ-k-ap-∂Xnw N Iepjw tk\m-[n-]Xyw £Xw.
IpP≥
kXzw ˛ Dƒ°cp-Øv,
`q^-enXw -˛ ^e`qbnjvTamb `qan,
ktlm-Z-c-KpWw
{Iucyw
cWw ˛ bp≤w,
kml-kw
hntZz-jw
alm-\-kw ˛ ASp-°-f,
A·n,
I\Iw ˛ kz¿Æw
⁄mXn ˛ _‘p-°ƒ,
Akv{Xw ˛ Bbp-[-߃,
tNmcm≥ ˛ I≈-∑m¿,
cn]q≥ ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ,
D’mlw,
]c-Im-a-\o-cXn ˛ ]ckv{XokpJw,
AktXym‡n ˛ \pW]d-b¬,
hocyw ˛ _ew,
NnØ-k-ap-∂Xn ˛ am\kntIm∂a\w
Iepjw ˛ ]m]w,
tk\m-[n-]Xyw,
£Xw ˛ apdn-hv. (F∂nh)
alo-Pm-Xv htZXv ˛ IpPs\s°m- p ]dbWw.
(4)
]mWvUnXyw kphNx Iem-\n-]p-WXmw hnZz¬kvXpXnw amXpew
hmIvNm-Xp-cy-ap-]m-k-\m-Zn-]-SpXm hnZymkpbp‡nw aXnw (1)
b⁄w sshjvW-h-I¿a-k-Xy-h-N\w ip‡nw hn-lm-c-ÿew
inev]w _m‘hbuh-cmPykplr-Z-kvXZv`m-Kn-t\bw _p[m¬.
27
_p[≥
]mWvUn-Xyw,
kphNx ˛ \√ hm‹n,
Iem-\n-]p-WX ˛ Ie-I-fn¬ sshZ-Kv≤yw,
hnZz¬ kvXpXn ˛ hnZz-∑m-cpsS {]iwk,
amXpe≥ ˛ AΩm-h≥,
hmIvNm-Xp-cyw- ˛ kw`m-j-W-Nm-Xpcyw (hm‹nXzw),
D-]m-k-\m-Zn -]-SpXm ˛ D]m-k-\m-Zn-I-fn¬ ]mS-hw,
hnZy
bp‡n,
aXn ˛ _p≤n,
b⁄w ˛ bmKw,
sshjvW-h-I¿Ωw ˛ hnjvWphn\p≈ Bcm-[\m-]-c-amb
Imcy-߃,
k-Xy-h-N\w ˛ kXyw ]db¬,
ip‡n ˛ apØp Nn∏n,
hn-lm-c-ÿew ˛ Ifn-ÿ-ew,
in¬∏w ˛ sImØp-th-e-Iƒ,
_m‘h ˛ _‘p-°ƒ,
buh-cmPy ˛ bph-cm-Pm-hv,
kplr-Z- ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ,
`m-Kn-t\bw ˛ acp-a-°ƒ,
_p[mXv ˛ (Ch) _p-[-s\-s°m- v (]-d-bp∂p).
(1) hnZymkpbp‡nw aXnw F∂Xp \mep ]pkvXIßfn¬ \mep XcØnemWp
hymJym\n®ncn°p∂Xv.
(1) hnZybpw bp‡nbpw
(2) hnZymhnjbw Xncs™Sp°p∂Xnse bp‡n
(3) hnZym-`ym-khpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw
(4) hnZybnse bp‡n
CØcw kμ¿`ßfn¬ icn Is- Øm≥ bp‡n D]tbmKn°pItb \nhrØnbp≈p.
(5)
⁄m\w kZvKp-W-am-flPw N kNnhw kzmNm-c-am-Nm-cyIw
amlmflyw {ipXn-imkv{X[o kvarXn-aXnw k¿thm-∂Xnw kZvKXnw
tZh-{_m-“-W-`-‡n-a-≤z-c-X]x {i≤m› tImi-ÿew
sshZpjyw hnPn-tX-{μnbw [h-kpJw kΩm-\-ao-Uym±-bmw.
hymgw ⁄m\w,
kZvKp-Ww,
B-flPw ˛ a°ƒ
kNnhw ˛ a{¥n-am¿,
kzmNm-cw- ˛ kz-I¿Ωw, (kXvI¿Ωw F∂pw),
BNm-cyIw ˛ BNmcy-∑m¿ (Kpcp\mY∑-m¿),
28
amlm-flyw,
{ipXn ˛ thZ-߃,
imkv{X ˛ imkv{X-߃,
[o ˛ _p≤n,
kvarXn ˛ Hm¿Ω, (a\pkvarXn XpS-ßn-bhbpw),
aXn ˛ _p≤n
k¿thm-∂Xn ˛ F√m-XcØn-ep-ap≈ Db¿®,
kZvK-Xn - ˛ ta¬§-Xn (tam£w),
tZh-{_m-“-W-`-‡n ˛ tZh-∑mcnepw(ssZhßfnepw){_m“Wcn-epw
(Bfl⁄m\nIfnepw) D≈
-`-‡n/_lpam\w
A≤z-c ˛ bmKmZn I¿Ω-߃,
X]x ˛ X]- v,
{i≤m ˛ BkvXnIyw, (BflnbX),
tImi-ÿew ˛ JP-\m-hv,
sshZpjyw ˛ ]mWvUnXyw,
hnPn-tX-{μnbw ˛ C{μnb-kwb-a\w,
[h-kpJw ˛ Zmº-Xy-kp-Jw,
kΩm\w ˛ Aw-Ko-Im-cw, _lpaXn
Zb,
CuUymXv ˛ (Ch) hymg-sØ-s°m- v (Nn¥n-°-Ww.)
(6)
kº-Zzm-l\hkv{X`qjW\n[n{ZhymWn Xucy-{XnIw
`mcymku-Jykp-K‘]pjv]aZ-\-hym-]m-c-i-øm-e-bm≥
{ioaXzw Ihn-Xm-kpJw _lp-h-[qkwKw hnemkw aZw
kmNnhyw kc-tkm-‡n-aml `rKp-Pm-Zp-Zzm-l-I¿tam-’-hw.
ip{I≥
kºXv ˛ kº-Øv, ([\w, -sFizcyw),
hml\w,
hkv{Xw,
`qjW ˛ B`-c-W-߃,
\n[n,
{ZhymWn ˛ {Zhy߃ (PwKakzØp°ƒ, \mWbw,
]Ww apXembh)
Xucy{XnIw ˛ Km\w, \rØw, hmZyw Ch aq∂pw
`mcy,
kuJyw ˛ kpJw (`mcymkuJyw F∂pw),
kpK‘ ˛ kpK‘{Zhy߃
10. ]pjv] ˛ ]q°ƒ -(kpK‘]pjv]w),
aZ-\-hym-]m-cw ˛ Ima-eoe-Iƒ,
i-ø ˛ InSbv-°.
B-e-bw ˛ hoSv (iømebw F∂pw),
29
{ioaXzw ˛ sFizcyw.
Ihn-Xm-kpJw ˛ Imhy-c-N\sImt- m ImhymkzmZ\w
sImt- m e`n°p∂ B\μw,
_lp-h-[qkwKw ˛ ]e kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘w
hnemkw ˛ D√mkw,
aZw,
kmNnhyw ˛ a{¥n-ÿm-\w,
kc-tkm-‡n ˛ \¿Ω-`m-j-Ww, ,
D-Zzm-l-I¿Ωw ˛ hnhm-l-w, D’-h-w,
`rKp-Pm-Xv ˛ ip{I-s\-s°m-- v (Nn¥n°Ww).
(7)
Bbpjyw acWw `bw ]Xn-XXmw ZpJm-h-am-\m-a-bm≥
Zmcn{Zyw `rX-Im-]-hm-Z-I-ep-jm\ym-iu-N \n-μm-]Zx
ssÿcyw \oN-P-\m-{ibw N alnjw X{μoarWw Nmbkw
ZmkXzw Irjn-km-[\w chn-kp-Xm¬ Imcm-Krlw _‘-\w.
i\n Bbpjyw- ˛ Bbp- v,
ac-Ww,
`bw,
]Xn-XX ˛ ]XnXzw (PmXn{`jvSv),
ZpxJw, Ah-am-\w,
Ba-bm≥ ˛ tcmK-߃,
Zmcn{Zyw,
`rX-I ˛ `rXy≥,
A]-hm-Zw ˛ NoØ∏cv,
I-ep-jm\n ˛ ]m]-I¿Ω-߃,
Biu-Nw ˛ Aip-≤w (]pe, hmembva )
\nμ,
B]Z ˛ B]-Øv,
ssÿcyw ˛ ÿnc-X,
\oN-P-\m-{ibw ˛ Zp¿÷\sØ --B{ibnt°- n hcnI
alnjw ˛ t]mØv,
X{μo ˛ ab°w, Bekyw
EWw ˛ ISw,-
Bbkw ˛ Ccp-ºv.
ZmkXzw ˛ `rXyXzw,
Irjn-km-[\w ˛ Im¿jntIm]IcW߃,
Imcm-Krlw ˛ XShd,
_‘-\w ˛ XShv.
chn-kp-Xm¬ ˛ i\n-sbs°m-- v (Nn¥n-t°-- h).
30
{KlßfpsS cq]hpw kz`mhhpw (8)
]nØmÿnkmtcm-¬]-I-N› c‡˛
iymam-IrXnx kym∑-[p-]nw-K-fm£x
Iukpw-`-hm-km-›-Xp-c-{i-tZlx
iqcx {]NWvUx ]rYp-_m-lp-c¿°x.
kqcy≥ A¿°x ˛ kqcy-≥:
]nØ - ˛ ]nØ-{]-Ir-Xn,
Aÿnkmtcm ˛ F√p-d-∏v,
A¬∏-IN ˛ apSn Ipd-hv,
c‡iymam-IrXn ˛ Idp-∏pwNpI∏pw tN¿∂ \ndØnep≈ cq]w,
a[p-]nw-K-fm£ ˛ tX≥ \nd-ap≈ IÆp-Iƒ,
Iukpw-`-hm-k ˛ NpI∂ hkv{X-߃,
NXp-c{i tZlw ˛ c- p ssI \ofhpw amdns‚ hoXnbpw
tN¿∂ Dbcw,
iqc≥,
{]N-WvU ˛ AXn-i-‡≥, D{KtIm]n.
]rYp-_m-lp ˛ XSn® ssIIƒ.
(9)
ÿqtem bphm N ÿhncx Iri-x knXx
Imt¥-£-Wm-›m-kn-X-kq-£va-aq-¿-≤Px
css‡-I-kmtcm arZp-hmIv knXmw-iptIm
Kucx iio hmX-I-^m-fltIm arZpx.
Nμ≥
iin ˛ N{μ≥
ÿqtem bphm N ÿhncx Iri-x XSn-®Xpw buh-\-bp-‡-hpw, NS-®Xpw
{]mb-am-bXpw Bb c- -h-ÿ-Iƒ,
Imt¥-£-W ˛ hiy-amb IÆp-Iƒ,
A-kn-X-kq-£va-aq-¿-≤P ˛ IdpØv t\¿Ø XeapSn,
css‡-I-kmtcm ˛ tNmcØpSn-∏p≈,
arZp-hmIv ˛ kuay-amb kw`mj-Ww,
knXmw-iptIm ˛ shfpØ hkv{Xw,
knX/Kuc ˛ shfpØ
hmX-I-^m-fltIm ˛ hmXhpw I^hpw tN¿∂ {]Ir-Xn,
arZp ˛ kuay≥.-
31
(10)
at≤y Irix Ip©n-X-Zo-]vX-tIix
{Iqtc-£Wx ss]ØnI D{K-_p≤nx
c‡mw-_tcm c‡-X-\p¿a-loPx
NWvtUm f Xyp-Zm-c-kvX-cp-tWm f - Xn-a-÷x.
IpP≥, aloP ˛ IpP≥,
at≤y Iri ˛ HXp-ßnb Ac-s°-´v,
Ip©n-X- Zo-]vX -tIi ˛ Npcp- , Xnf-ßp∂ apSn,
{Iqtc-£W ˛ cq£-amb t\m´w.
ss]ØnI ˛ ]nØ{]IrXn,
D{K-_p≤n ˛ Xo£vW_p≤n,
c‡mw-_tcm ˛ NpI∂ hkv{X-w,
c‡X-\p ˛ NpI∂ tZlw,
NWvUm ˛ tIm]-im-en.,
AXyp-Zm-c ˛ hfsc DZm-c-a-\-kvI≥,
X-cp-tWm- ˛ bphmhv.
AXn-a-÷x ˛ A[nIw a÷. (IcpØp‰ icocw).
(11)
Zp¿Δm-e-Xm-iym-a-X-\p-kv{Xn-[mXp
an{i- n-cm-hm≥ a[p-tcm-‡n-bp‡x
c‡m-b-Xmt£m lcn-Xmw-ip-I-kvXzIv
kmtcm _pt[m lmky-cp-Nn- -amw-Kx.
_p[≥.
_pt[m: - ˛ _p[≥.
Zp¿Δm-e-Xm-iym-a- X-\p ˛ Idp-I-∏p-√ns‚ \ndap≈ icocw,
{Xn-[mXpan{ix ˛ {XntZm-j-{]-Ir-Xn,
kn-cm-hm≥ ˛ RcºpIƒ \nd™ tZlw,
a[ptcm‡n bp‡ ˛ a[p-c-amb kw`m-j-Ww,
c‡m-b-Xmt£m ˛ NpI∂ IÆpIƒ,
lcn-Xmw-ip-Iw ˛ ]® hkv{Xw,
XzIvkmtcm ˛ I´n-bp-≈ sXmen,
lmky-cp-Nn ˛ \¿Ω-t_m-[ap≈-h≥,
kamw-Kw ˛ ka-amb Aw-K-ßtfmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.
{Xn[mXpan{i....
hymJym-Xm-°-fn¬ Nne¿ {Xn-[mXp F∂pw, an{i- n-cm-hm≥ F∂pw a‰p Nne¿ {Xn[m-
Xp-an{i, kncm-hm≥ F∂pw ]Zw apdn®v A¿Yw ]d™p ImWp∂-p.
32
(12)
]oX-ZypXnx ]nwK-I-tN-£-Wx kymXv
]ot\m-∂-tXm-cm› _rl-—-cocx
I^m-flIx t{ijvTaXnx kptcUyx
knwlm-_vP\m-Z› hkp-{]-[m-\x.
hymgw kptcUyx ˛ hymgw.
]oX-ZypXnx ˛ Xnf-ßp∂ a™\ndw,
]nwK -I-N Cu-£-W ˛ Xhn´p \ndØnep≈ apSnbpw IÆp-Ifpw,
]o\- D∂X D-cx ˛ XSn®Xpw Db¿∂ amdv,
_rl-Xv i-cocx ˛ henb icocw,
I^m-flIx ˛ I^-{]-Ir-Xn,
t{ijvTaXnx ˛ DXvIr-jvS-amb a\- v,
knwlm-_vP\m-Z ˛ knwlK¿÷-\w-t]mse apg-ßp∂ i_vZw,
hkp-{]-[m-\x. ˛ kº-∂≥.
(13)
Nn{Xmw-_cm Ip©n-X-Ir-jvW-tIix
ÿqemw-K-tZ-l› I^m-\n-emflm
Zp¿Δm-¶p-cm`x Iat\m hnim-e˛
t\t{Xm `rKpx -km-[nXip¢-hr-≤nx.
ip{I≥, `rKpx ˛ ip{I≥,
Nn{Xmw-_cw ˛ (hn)Nn{X-amb As√-¶n¬ _lp-h¿Æ-
Øn-ep≈ hkv{Xw,
Ip©n-X-Ir-jvWtIix ˛ Npcp-- p IdpØ apSn,
ÿqemw-K -tZ-l ˛ XSn® tZl-{]-Ir-Xn,
I^m A\n-emflm ˛ I^-hmX{]Ir-Xn,
Zp¿Δm-¶p-cm`x ˛ Idp-I-\m-ºns‚ \ndw,
Iat\ hnim-et\t{X ˛ BI¿j-Ihpwhnim-ehp-amb
IÆp-Iƒ,
km[nX ip¢-hr≤n ˛ ip¢-hr-≤n-bp-- m-°p-∂p.
(14)
]wKp¿\nav\-hn-tem-N\x (1) Iri-X-\p¿±o¿L- n-cm-tfm- f ekx
IrjvWmwKx ]h-\m-fl-tIm f -Xn-]n-ip\x kv\mbz-fltIm \n¿LrWx
aq¿Jx ÿqe-\-J-ZznPx ]cp-jtcm-amw-tKm f ip-Nn-kvXm-atkm
cu{Zx t{Im[-]tcm Pcm-]-cn-WXx IrjvWmw-_tcm `mkvI-cox. (1) ]mTt`Zw: ]nwtKm \nav\-hn-tem-N\....
33
i\n. `mkvIcn ˛ i\n.
]wKpx ˛ apS¥≥.
\nav\- hn-tem-N\ ˛ Ipgn™ IÆp-Iƒ As√-¶n¬
Xmtgbv°p t\m°p∂ kz`m-hw,
Iri-X-\p ˛ saen™ ico-cw,
Zo¿L ˛ Db-c-ap≈ tZlw,
kn-cm-f ˛ knc-Iƒ \nd-™- icocw
(Zo¿L- n-cmtfm F∂pw ImWp-∂p),
Ae-k ˛ Ae-k≥,
IrjvWmwtKm ˛ IdpØ icocw,
]h-\m-fl-I ˛ hmX-{]-Ir-Xn,
AXn-]n-ip\x ˛ ZpjvS≥ (\nμy≥),
kv\mbz-flI ˛ t]in-Iƒ \nd™ (I-cp-Øp-≈),
\n¿LrW ˛ \μn-bn√mØh≥,
aq¿J ˛ _p≤nbn√mØh≥,
ÿqe-\-J-ZznP ˛ XSn® ]√pw \J-ß-fpw,
]cp-jtcm-amw-K ˛- am¿±-h-an-√mØ tcmahpw ico-chpw,
A-ip-Nn ˛ ipNn-Xzan-√m-Ø-h≥,
Xm-ak ˛ Xma-k-kz`mhw,
cu{Z ˛ cu{Zkz`mhw,
t{Im[-]tcm ˛ ap≥tIm-]n,
Pcm-]-cn-WXx ˛ hm¿≤Iyw _m[n-®,
IrjvWmw-_tcm ˛ IdpØ hkv{Xw,
(15)
ssihw [ma -_lnx{]Im-i-I-a-cp-t±iw cthx ]q¿h-ZnIv
Zp¿Km-ÿm-\-h-[q-P-eu-j[n a[p-ÿm\w hnt[m¿hm-bp-ZnIv
tNmc-w tæ-—-Ir-im-\p-bp-≤-`p-hn-Zn-Kymaym IpP-tkym-ZnXm
hnZz-ZznjvWpk`mhnlmcKW-I-ÿm-\m-\yp-Z-oNow hnZpx.
{KlßfpsS hmkÿm\߃ cthx ˛ kqcy\v.
ssihw [ma - ˛ inh-t£{Xw,
_ln{]tZiw ˛ shfn-ÿew,
{]Im-i-I- {]tZiw ˛ shfn®ap≈ ÿew,
a-cp-t±iw ˛ acp-`qan,
]q¿h- ZnIv ˛ Ing°p Zn°v.
hnt[m ˛ N{μ\v.
Zp¿Km-ÿm-\w ˛ Zp¿§mt£{Xw,
h-[q ˛ kv{XoIƒ,
P-ew,
Hu-j[n-Iƒ,
34
a[pÿm\w ˛ tX≥/aZyw D≈ ÿew,
(h-[q-P-eu-j[na[p-F∂nh D≈ ÿew F∂pw),
hmbp-ZnIv ˛ hS-°p-]-Sn-™md.v
IpP ˛ IpP\v.
tNmc ˛ I≈-∑m¿,
tæ-— ˛ tæ—∑m¿,
Ir-im-\p ˛ A·n,
bp-≤-`p-hn ˛ bp≤- qan,
ZnKymaym ˛ ZnIv bmaym ˛ ba-Zn°v, sX°v
hnZp ˛ _p[\v.
hnZzXv ˛ hnZzm-∑m¿,
hnjvWp,
k`m ˛ kZ- p-Iƒ,
hnlmc ˛ Ifn-ÿew / _p≤hnlmcw
KW-I ˛ KWn-X-⁄≥ ˛ KWI≥/tPym’y≥
ÿm\m\n ˛ (Chbp≈) ÿe-߃,
DZ-oNn ˛ hS°p Zn°v.
(16)
tImim-iz-∞-kp-c-Zzn-Pm-Xn-\n-e-bkvssXzim-\-Zn-§ojv]-tX¿
thiymhoYy-h-tcm-[-\r-Ø-i-b-\-ÿm\w `rtKm-c-·n-ZnIv
\oN-t{i-Wy-ip-Nn-ÿew hcp-W-ZnIvimkvXpx i-t\-cm-etbm
hm¬ao-Im-ln-X-tam-_ne-(1)\yln inJn-ÿm-\m\n Zn{K-£-kx.
Kojv]-tXx ˛ hymg-Øn-\v.
tImix ˛ JP-\mhv,
Aiz-∞ ˛ Ac-bm¬,
kp-c-Zzn-Pm-Xn\n-e-b ˛ tZ-h-∑m¿, {_m-“-W¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS
hmk-ÿ-ew,
Cuim-\-ZnIv ˛ hS°p Ing°v,
`rtKmx ˛ ip{I\v:
thiymhoYn ˛ thiymsØ-cphv,
Ah-tcm-[ ˛ A¥x-]pcw,
\r-Øÿm\w ˛ -\rØ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S°p∂ ÿew,
i-b-\ÿm\w ˛ InS∏d,
A-·n-ZnIv ˛ A·n-tIm-Wv. Ing°psX°p aqe.
it\ ˛ i-\n-°v. -
\oN-t{i-Wn ˛ tNcn-Iƒ,
Aip-Nn-ÿew ˛ hrØn-sI´ ÿew,
hcp-W-ZnIv ˛ ]Sn-™mdv,
35
imkvX ˛ imkvXm-hv,
Bebw ˛ ÿm\w.
Aln-inJn ˛ cmlp-tI-Xp-°ƒ°v.
hm¬aoIw ˛ ]p‰v,
X-tam-_new ˛ Ccp- amfw (s]mØv).
ÿm-\m\n ˛ ÿm\-߃,
Zn{K-£-kx -˛ ZnIvc£k ˛ \ncrXn tImWv (sX-°p-]-Sn-™m-dv).
(17)
ssithm `njMv\r]-Xn-c-[z-cIrXv{]-[m\o
hymt{Lm artKm Zn\-]tXx Ine -N-{I-hmIx
imkvXmw-K\m(1) cPI I¿jI tXmb-Kmkyp˛
cntμm-x ii› lcn-W› _I›-tIm-cx.
{Kl-ßfpsS a‰p Imc-I-Xz-߃
(sXmgn¬, ]£n, arKw apX-em-bh)
N{μ≥ Cμp ˛ N{μ\v
imkvXm ˛ imkvXmhv,
Aw-K\m ˛ kv{Xo,
(]mTt`Zw ikvXmw-K\m -˛ {]ikvXbmb kv{Xo)
cPI ˛ Ae-°p-Imc≥,
I¿j-I ˛ Irjn-°m-c≥,
tXmb-Km --˛ PeØn-¬ k-©cn°p∂h≥
i-iw ˛ apb¬,
lcn-Ww ˛ am≥t]S,
_Iw ˛ sIm°v,
NtImcw ˛ sNtºmØv.
kqcy≥ Zn\-]tXx ˛ kqcy\v.
ssithm ˛ inh-`-‡≥,
`njIv ˛ sshZy≥,
\r]-Xn- ˛ cmPmhv,
A-[z-cIrXv ˛ bmKw sNøp-∂-bmƒ,
{][m\n - ˛ ap-Jy≥,
hymt{Lm ˛ ISph,
artKm ˛ am≥,
N{I-hmIw ˛ ]I¬ CW- Iq´n\p- mIp-sa¶nepw cm{Xn
bmbm¬ CWsb ]ncn™v hnc-l-ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-t°- n hcp∂ Hcp ]£n F∂p
i_vZXmcmhen.
36
(18)
`utam alm-\-k-K-Xm-bp-[`r¬kp-h¿Æ˛
Imcm-P-Ip-°pSinhmI]n KrZv{[tNmcmx
tKm]m-e -in¬]n KW-tIm-Øa(1) hnjvWp-Zmkmx
Xm¿£yx InIo-Zn-hn- ip-Iu- iintPm _nUm-ex
IpP≥ `ua - ˛ IpP≥,
alm-\-k-K-X ˛ ASp-°-f-°m-c≥,
B-bp-[`rXv ˛ Bbp[w [cn-®h≥,
kp-h¿ÆImc ˛ kz¿Æ-∏-Wn-°m-c≥,
AP ˛ BSv,
Ip-°pS ˛ tImgn,
inhm ˛ s]¨Ip-dp-°≥,
I]n ˛ Ipc-ß≥,
KrZv{[p ˛ Igp-I≥,
tNmcx ˛ I≈≥.
_p[≥
iinP ˛ _p[≥, tKm]m-e ˛ ]ip-°-sf]men°p-∂-h≥,
in¬]n,
KW-tImØa ˛ KWn-X-⁄≥,
hnjvWp-Zmkx ˛ hnjvWp-`-‡≥ (sshjvW-h≥),
Xm¿£yw ˛ ]cp¥v,
InIoZn-hn ˛ Im´p-Im°, (InIo F∂p Ic-bp∂ Hcp
]£n),
ip-I ˛ XØ,
_nUm-ex ˛ ]q®.
(1) hymJym\t`Zw:
tKm]-⁄-in¬]-K-WI....
tKm] ˛ ]m¬°m-c≥,
⁄ ˛ hnZzm≥,
in¬]n ˛ sImØp-]-Wn-°m-c≥,
KWI ˛ IW-s°-gp-Øp-Im-c≥.
(19)
ssZh⁄ a{¥n Kpcp hn{] bXoi apJymx
]mcm-h-Xx kpcKptcm-kvXp-c-K› lwkx
Km\o [\o hnS hWnMv \S X¥p-hmb
thiymabqcalnjo N `rtKmx iptIm Kux.
37
hymgw kpcKptcm ˛ hymg-Øn\v,
ssZh⁄ ˛ ssZh⁄≥
a{¥n,
Kpcp,
hn{] ˛ {_m“-W≥.
bXoi ˛ k\ymkn,
apJy ˛ apJy≥, ({][m\n),
]mcm-hXw ˛ amS{]mhv,
XpcKw ˛ IpXnc,
lwkw ˛ A-c-b-∂w.
ip{I≥ `rtKm ˛ ip{I -\v
Km\o ˛ Kmb-I≥,
[\o ˛ [\nI≥,
hnS ˛ hnS≥,
hWnIv ˛ I®-h-S-°m-c≥,
\S ˛ \¿Ø-I≥ (\S≥),
X¥p-hmb ˛ s\bvØp-Im-c≥,
thiy,
abqc ˛ abn¬,
alnjo ˛ Fcpa
]mTt`Zw a-ln-jw ˛ t]mØv
viptIm ˛ XØ,
Ku ˛ ]ip.
(20)
ssXe-{Ibo `rXI\oNIncmXImb˛
kvImcm› Z¥nIcSm› ]nIm-»t\x kypx.
_u≤m-ln-Xp-fin-I-J-cm-P-Ir-tImjv{Sk¿]˛
≤zm¥m-Jy-tbm¿a-i-I-a-°p-W-Ir-ayp-eq-Imx.
i\n it\ ˛ i\n-°v.
ssXe-{Ibo ˛ FÆ-°-®-h-S-°m-c≥,
`rXI ˛ `rXy≥,
\oN ˛ \oN≥,
IncmX(I) ˛ Im´m-f≥, ZpjvS≥
AbkvImcm ˛ sIm√≥ (C-cpºp ]Wn-°m-c≥),
Z¥n ˛ B\,
Ic-Sm ˛ Im°,
]nIm- ˛ Ipbn¬,
38
cmlp, tIXp [zm¥m-Jy-tbmx ˛ Xtam{Kl߃°v, cmlptIXp°ƒ°v
([zm¥w ˛ Ccp´v, BJytbm ˛ F∂p t]cmbh)
_u≤ ˛ _u≤≥ (_p≤-a-X-m\pbmbn, Alnμp),
AlnXpfinI ˛ ]mºp ]nSpØ°mc≥, ]mºm´n,
Jc ˛ IgpX
AP ˛ BSv
IrI(hmIw) ˛ Iqhp∂ ]£n, ]qh≥ tImgn
Djv{SIw ˛ H´Iw.
k¿∏ ˛ ]mºv,
aiI ˛ sImXpIv,
a°pW ˛ aq´,
Iran, ˛ sIm®p {]mWn-Iƒ
D-eqI ˛ aqß.
(IpP\p ]d™ BSpw tImgnbpw ChnsS ho- pw h∂Xns‚ ImcWw IpPhXv
tIXp F∂ \nbaambncn°Ww.),
{Kl-ß-fpsS i{Xp-an-{XXzw
(21)
kuayx ktam¿°-P-kn-Xm-h-lnXu Jcmw-tim˛
cntμm¿lnXu chn-_p-[m-h-]tc kamx kypx
`uaky aμ-`rKpPu Xp kau cn]p¿⁄˛
kuayky ioX-Kp-c-cn- p-lrZu knXm¿°u.
(22)
kptc¿Zznju Ihn _p[u chn-P- ax kym˛
∑≤yu Ith¿Kp-cp-IpPu kplrZu i\n⁄u
Poh-x- kax knXhnZu chn-Pky ant{X
t⁄bm A\p-‡-J-N-cmkvXp XZ-\yYm kypx.
kqcy-\v
Jcmw-tim kuay ktam ˛ kqcy-\v -_p[≥ ka≥,
A¿°P knX AhlnXu ˛ i\nbpw ip{I\pw i{Xp°ƒ.
N{μ-\v
Ctμmx lnXu chn-_p-[ ˛ N{μ-\v an{X߃ kqcy\pw _p[-\pw,
A]tc kamx ˛ addp-≈-h¿ k-a-∑m¿. (N-{μ\p i{Xp-°-fn-√).
IpP\v
`uaky aμ- r-KpPu Xp kau ˛ IpP\v i\nbpw ip{I\pw ka-∑m¿,
cn]p¿⁄ ˛ _p[≥ i{Xp-.
_p[-\v
kuayky ioXKpx Acn ˛ _p[-\v N{μ-≥ i{Xp,
knXm¿°u kplrZ ˛ ip{I\pw kqcy-\pw an{X߃.
39
Kpcphn\v
kptcx Zznju Ihn-_p-[u ˛ ip{I\pw _p[\pw hym-g-Øn\p i{Xp-°-ƒ
chn-P-x ka ˛ i\n ka≥
ip{I\v
Ithx ˛ ip{I\v
Kpcp-IpPu a≤yu ˛ Kpcphpw IpP-\pw ka-∑m¿,
i\n⁄u kplrZu ˛ i\nbpw _p[\pw kplr-Øp-°ƒ.
i\n-bv°p
chn-Pky Pohx k--a ˛ i\n-bv°p Kpcp ka\pw
knX-hnZu ant{X ˛ ip{I\pw _p[\pw an{X-߃.
t⁄bm A\p‡ JN-cmkvXp XZ-\y-Ymkypx
˛ ap-I-fn¬ FSpØp ]d-bmØ {Kl-ß-fpsS Imcyw Duln-®p-sIm≈-Ww. (DZm-l-c-
W-Øn\v t«mI-Øn¬ i\n-bpsS ka\pw an{X-ßfpw am{Xta ]d-™n-´p-≈q. i{Xp-hns‚
Imcyw Duln-°Ww.)
{Kl-ß-fpsS Cu i{Xp-˛-an-{X-˛-ka _‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w _rl-÷m-X-I-Øn¬
(2--˛15) ]d-bp∂p- v:
.. .ktXymt‡ kplrZkv{XntImW`h\mXv
kzmXv kzm¥y[o[¿Ω]mx
tkz®mbp pJ]m› e£Whnt[¿˛
∂mt\y hntcm[mZnXn.
kXym-Nm-cy≥ ]d™n-´p-≈-X-\p-k-cn®v kz¥w aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-bn¬\n∂pw, 2, 12, 5, 9
cmin-I-fpsS \mY-∑mcpw, kz¥w D®cmin, Bbp v (8) kpJ (4) F∂n-h-bpsS \mY-
∑mcpw kplr-Øp-°ƒ BIp-∂p. Cu imkv{X-hn-[n°v A\pkrXa√mØh kplr-Øp-
°ƒ BIp-∂n-√. t«mIØn¬ ]d™Xp ]´nI cq]Ønem°ptºmƒ˛˛
{Klw aqe-{Xn 2 12 5 9 D®w 8 4
kqcy≥ Nnßw I∂n I¿°-S [\p taSw taSw ao\w hr›nIw
c _p N Kp Ip Ip Kp Ip
N{μ≥ CShw anYp\w taSw I∂n aIcw CShw [\p Nnßw
ip _p Ip _p a ip Kp c
IpP≥ taSw CShw ao\w Nnßw [\p aIcw hr›n I¿°-SIw
Ip ip Kp c Kp a Ip N
_p[≥ I∂n Xpemw Nnßw aIcw CShw I∂n taSw [\p
_p ip c a- ip- _p- Ip Kp
Kpcp [\p aIcw hr›n taSw Nnßw I¿° I¿-° ao\w
Kp a Ip Ip c N N Kp
ip{I≥ Xpemw hr›n I∂n Ipw`w anYp ao\w CShw aIcw
ip Ip _p a _p Kp ip a
i\n Ipw`w ao\w aIcw anYp Xpemw Xpemw I∂n CShw
a Kp a _p ip ip _p ip
40
CXp-{]-Im-cw- Hmtcm {KlØn\pw In´p∂ t]mb‚pIƒ
c- N- Ip _p -Kp- ip a
kqcy\v ˛ 1 3 1 2 - ˛
N{μ\v 1 ˛ 1 2 1 1 1
IpP\v 1 1 ˛ 1 2 1 1
_p[\v 1 ˛ 1 1 1 2 1
Kpcp-hn\v 1 2 2 ˛ 1 ˛ 1
ip{I\v ˛ ˛ 1 2 1 1 2
i\n°v ˛ ˛ ˛ 2 1 3 1
CXpsh®p i{Xpan{Xßsf ImWp∂ hn[w˛˛
1. c- p cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ c- p h∂m¬ an{Xw
2 Hcp cmin-bpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ H∂p h∂mepw an{Xw
3 c- p cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ H∂p h∂m¬ ka≥
4 H∂pw hcm-Øh i{Xp.
AXp{]Imcw˛
an{Xw ka≥ i{Xp
kqcy\v NIpKp _p ipa
N{μ\v c_p IpKp-ipa C√
IpP\v cNKp ip a _p
_p[\v c ip IpKpa N
Kpcp-hn\v cNIp a _pip
ip{I\v _pa IpKp cN
i\n°v _pip Kp cNIp
^eZo]nI{]Imcap≈ i{Xpan{XXzhpw CXpXs∂bmWv.
an{Xw ka≥ i{Xp
kqcy\v N{μ≥, IpP≥, Kpcp _p[≥ ip{I≥ i\n
N{μ\v chn, _p[≥ IpP≥, Kp-cp, ip{I≥, i\n C√
IpP\v chn, N{μ≥, Kpcp ip{I≥, i\n _p[≥
_p[\v chn, ip{I≥ IpP≥, Kpcp, i\n N{μ≥
Kpcp-hn\v chn, N{μ≥, IpP≥ i\n _p[≥, ip{I≥
ip{I\v _p[≥, i\n IpP≥, Kpcp chn, N{μ≥
i\n°v _p[≥, ip{I≥ Kpcp chn,N{μ≥,IpP≥
CXphsc ]d™Xv {KlßfpsS ss\k¿§nI i{Xpan{X AhÿbmWv. C\n
Xm¬°menI i{Xpan{Xmhÿ ]dbp∂p.
(23)
At\ym\yw {Xnkp-J-kz-Jm-¥y-`-h-Km-kvX¬Im-e-an-{Xm-Wyao
Xss∂-k¿§n-I-a-]y-th£y IY-tb-Ø-kym-Xn-an-{Xm-ln-Xm≥
iucymt-⁄- c-hntPm Kpcp¿Kpcp-kpXu `ua-›Xp¿∞m-jvSau
]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-a© kI-em-kvtX-jzw-{Ln-hr≤ym{Iam¬.
41
{Kl-ß-fpsS Xm¬°m-enI i{Xp-an-{Xmhÿ At\ym\yw {Xn kp-J -kz- J - A¥y- `-hKm- XX¬Im-e-an-{Xm-Wn
˛ Hcp{KlØn¬ \n∂pw 3, 4, 2, 10, 12, 11 `mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl߃
X¬°mean{XßfmWv.
XXv ss\k¿§n-Iw- A]n A-th£y IY-tb-Xv Xky A-Xn-an-{Xm
˛ ss\k¿§nI_‘wIqSn t\m°n AXnan{Xw XpSßnbh ]dbWw.
Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ Hcp {Kl-Øns‚ ]n∂nse aq∂p cmin-Ifnepw (10,11,12) ap∂nse aq∂p
cmin-Ifnepw (2, 3, 4) \n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃ B PmX-I-Øn¬ B {Kl-Øns‚ X¬°m-e-
an-{X-ß-fm-Wv. CX-√m-Øh (5 apX¬ 9 hsc `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p-∂h), X¬°m-e-i-{Xp-
°-fp-am-Ip-∂p. Cu X¬°me _‘hpw 21, 22 t«mI-ß-fn¬ ]d™ ss\k¿§n-I-_-
‘hpw tN¿Øp Nn¥n-°-Ww. AXm-b-Xv˛˛-
XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ss\k¿§nIan{Xw = AXnan{Xw
XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ss\k¿§nI i{Xp = ka≥
XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ss\k¿§nIka≥ = an{Xw
XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ss\k¿§nIi{Xp = AXni{Xp
XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ss\k¿§nIan{Xw = ka≥
XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ss\k¿§nIka≥ = i{Xp-
{Kl-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn (ho-£Ww) ....iucym⁄m- c-hntPm Kpcp¿Kpcp-kpXu `ua-›Xp¿∞m-jvSau
]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-a© kI-em-kvtX-jzw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬.
]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-aw N kI-em -x ˛ F√m- {Kl߃°pw Ggntebv°p
]q¿ÆZrjvSnbp- v.
iucy B-⁄m- c-hntPm - i\nbv°v 3, 10
Kpcpx Kpcp-kpXu ˛ Kpcp-hn\v 9, 5,
`ua -NXp¿∞ AjvSau ˛ IpP\v 4, 8.
F∂nßs\ hntijZrjvSnIfp- v.
Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬ ˛ ]mZhr≤n{IaØn¬ (]mZZrjvSnbpap- v.)
1) km[mcW ZrjvSnbpw hntijZr-jvSn-bpw F√m- {Kl߃°pw Ggn-te-bv°p≈ ]q¿Æ-Zr-jvSn-bv°p ]pdsa i\n (3˛10), Kpcp
(5˛9), IpP≥ (4˛8) F∂nßs\ hntijZr-jvSn-bpap- v. hnti-j-Zr-jvSnbpw ]q¿Æ-Zr-
jvSn-bm-Wv.
Hcp `mhØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØn\v as‰mcp`mhØntebv°p≈ ZrjvSn kmam\y
ambn ]d™XmWv. tcJmwiØn¬ \n∂pw tcJmwiØntebv°mWv ZrjvSn hcp∂Xv.
AXmbXv˛˛
{Klw ZrjvSn tcJmwiw 1. kqcy≥ 7 180
2. N{μ≥ 7 180
3. IpP≥ 4, 7, 8 90, 180, 210
4. _p[≥ 7 180
5. hymgw 5, 7, 9 120, 180, 240
6. ip{I≥ 7 180
7. i\n 3, 7, 10 60, 180, 270
42
DZmlcWw: IpPkv^pSw 0˛5˛0 (taSw 5) BsW¶n¬ 7˛tebv°p≈ ZrjvSn hcpI
185 Un{Knbntebv°v (Xpemw 5 tebv°v) BWv. hmkvXhØn¬ 185 Un{KnbpsS 15
Un{Kn A∏pdtØbv°pw 15 Un{Kn C∏pdtØbv°pw am{XamWv ZjvSn hcp∂Xv..
AXmbXv, XpemØn¬ 20 Un{Kn°∏pdw \n¬°p∂ {KlØn\p IpPZrjvSn C√.
2) ]mZZrjvSn Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬
˛ ]mZ-hr≤n A\p-k-cn®v Ah-bpsS ZrjvSn-bpsS A\p-]m-Xhpw Im¬
(3˛-10), Ac (5˛9), ap°m¬ (4˛8) F∂ {IaØn¬ h¿≤n®phcp∂p.
1, 2, 6, 11, 12 `mhßfntebv°v Hcp Xcw ZrjvSnbpan√.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
kqcy≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4 1/2 ˛ 1 3/4
1/2
1/4 ˛ ˛
N{μ≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4 1/2 ˛ 1 3/4
1/2 1/4 - - IpP≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 1
1/2 ˛ 1 1
1/2 1/4 - -
_p[≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4 1/2 ˛ 1 3/4
1/2 1/4 - - Kpcp ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4
1 ˛ 1 3/4 1 1/4 ˛ ˛
ip{I≥ ˛ ˛ 1/4 3/4
1/2 ˛ 1 3/4 1/2 1/4 - -
i\n ˛ ˛ 1 3/4
1/2 - 1 3/4 1/2 1 - -
(24)
kqcym-tZ-c-b\w £tWm Zn\-ar-Xp¿Ωm-k› ]£-»c˛
Zzn{]-»p-{I-Kpcp chn-£n-Xn-kpXu N{μu _pt[m f ¥y»\nx
{]mlp¿ -Xz-c-P-kvX-amwkn iin-Kp¿h¿°mx Ihn⁄u ]tc
{Kojvam-Z¿°-IpPu iio iin-kptXm Poh-»-\n¿`m¿§hx.
Ime-\n¿Æbw kqcym-tZx ˛ -kqcy≥ apXemb {Klßsfs°m- p Nn¥n t°- Xv:
kqcy≥ Ab\w ˛ 6 amkw,
N{μ≥ £W ˛ 2 \mgnI,
IpP≥ Zn\- ˛ 1 Znhkw,
_p[≥ EXp ˛ 2 amkw,
hymgw ˛ 1 am-kw,
ip{I≥ ]£-w ˛ 15 Znhkw,
i\n icx ˛ 1 h¿jw.
h¿Æw:
hn{]- ip-{I-Kpcp, ˛ ip{I\pw Kpcphpw {_m“W¿,
chn-£n-Xn-kpXu, ˛ kqcy\pw IpP\pw £{Xnb¿
Nt{μm_pt[m, ˛ N{μ\pw _p[\pw sshiy¿
A¥yx i\nx ˛ i\n A¥yP≥ (NmXp¿h¿WyØnse
Ahkm\sØ PmXn, iq{Z≥).
hymJym\t`Zw: _p[≥˛iq{Z≥, i\n˛A¥yP≥, Ah¿Æ≥
43
KpWw: k-Xz -c-P- X-amwkn ˛ kmXznIw cmPknIw XmaknIw F∂o
{XnKpW߃°v {IaØn¬,
iin -Kpcp A¿°mx ˛ N{μ\pw Kpcphpw kqcy\pw (kmXznIw),
Ihn ⁄u ˛ ip{I\pw _p[\pw (cmPknIw),
]tc ˛ a‰p≈h¿ (IpP\pw i\nbpw:
XmaknIw)
EXp°ƒ: {Kojvam-Xv ˛ {Kojvaw XpSßnb Bdp
EXp°fpsS ImcI∑-m¿:
A¿°-IpPu ˛ kqcy\pw IpP\pw, ({Kojvaw),
iio ˛ N{μ≥ (h¿jw),
iin-kptXm ˛ _p[≥ (icXv),
Pohx ˛ hymgw (tla¥w),
i\n ˛ (inincw),
`m¿Kh ˛ ip{I≥ (hk¥w)
Imew, h¿Æw, KpWw, EXp
(]´nI cq]Øn¬) {Klw Imew h¿Æw KpWw EXp
1. kqcy≥ 6 amkw £{Xnb kmXznIw {Kojvaw
2. N{μ≥ 2 \mgnI sshiy kmXznIw h¿jw
3. IpP≥ 1 Znhkw £{Xnb Xma-knIw {Kojvaw
4. _p[≥ 2 amkw sshiy cmP-knIw icXv
5. hymgw 1 amkw {_m“W≥ kmXznIw tla¥w
6. ip{I≥ 15 Znhkw {_m“-W≥ cmPknIw hk¥w
7. i\n 1 h¿jw iq{Z≥ Xma-knIw inincw
(25)
XmXmwt_ chn-`m¿§hu Znhn \nin {]m`m-I-co-μp -kvarXu
XZvhy-kvtX\ ]nXrhy-amXr`Kn-\o-kw⁄m XZm XZv{Iam¬
hmam-£o-μp-cnt\m f \yZ£n IYntXm `uax I\n-jvTm-\ptPm
Pothm tPyjvTktlm-Z-c-»-in-kptXm ZØm-flPx kw⁄n-Xx.
_‘pImcIXzhpw t\{XImcIXzhpw
1. XmXmwt_ ˛ A—\pw AΩbpw, ({IaØn¬)
chn-`m¿§hu ˛ kqcy\pw ip{I\pw,
Znhn ˛ ]I¬. --
\nin ˛ cm{Xnbn¬,
{]m`m-I-co-μp - ˛ i\nbpw N{μ\pw,
2. XZv hykvtX\, ]nXrhy -amXr`Kn-\o- kw⁄m....
˛ ]nXmhns‚ ktlmZc\pw amXmhns‚ ktlmZcnbpw (hn]coXambpw {IaØnepw),
44
3. hmam-£n Cμp ˛ N{μ≥ CSXp IÆv,
Ct\m A\yXv A£n ˛ kqcy≥ heXp IÆv
4. `uax I\n-jvTm-\ptPm ˛ IpP≥ A\pP≥,
Pothm tPyjvTktlm-Z-c˛hymgw tPyjvT≥,
iin-kptXm ZØm-flP ˛ _p[≥ ZØp]p{X≥.
{Klw ]I¬ cm{Xn F√mbvt∏mgpw kqcy≥ ]nXmhv ]nXrktlmZc≥ heXp IÆv
i\n ]nXrktlmZc≥ ]nXmhv ....
N{μ≥ amXrktlmZcn amXmhv CSXp IÆv
ip{I≥ amXmhv amXrktlmZcn . ...
IpP≥ ˛ ˛ CfbktlmZc≥
_p[≥ ˛ ˛ ZØp]p{X≥
Kpcp ˛ ˛ tPyjvTktlmZc≥
(26)
tZtlm tZln lna-cp-Nn-cn-\-kvXzn-{μn-bm--Wym-c-]q¿hm
BZn-Xy-Zzn-UvKp-fn-I-in-Jn-\kvXky ]oUm-Icmx kypx
K‘x kutaym `rKp-P-i-in\u Zzu cku kqcy-`uau
cq]u i_vtZm Kpcp-cY ]tc kv]¿i-kw⁄mx {]Zn-jvSm-x
tZlw, tZln tZtlm tZln lna-cp-Nn- C\ ˛ N{μ≥ tZl (icoc)ImcI≥,
kqcy≥ tZln (Bfl) ImcI≥,
C{μnbm--Wn Bc-]q¿hm ˛ IpP≥ XpS-ßn-b (A©p) {Kl߃
C{μnb߃,
Kp-fn-I -in-Jn-\ Xky ]oUm-Icmx kypx ˛ Kpfn-I\pw cmlp-tI-Xp-°fpw
iey-Im-cn-I-fp-am-Ip-∂p.
K‘ ck cq] i_vZ kv]¿i Imc-IXzw K‘x kutaym ˛ _p[≥ K‘-Im-c-I-\pw,
`rKp-P -i-in\u Zzu cku ˛ ip{I\pw N{μ\pw ck-Im-c-I-∑m-cpw,
kqcy-`uau cq]u ˛ kqcy\pw IpP\pw cq]-Im-c-I-∑m-cpw,
i_vtZm Kpcp- AY ˛ Kpcp i_vZImc-I\pw,
]tc kv]¿i- ˛ a‰p {Kl-߃ (a, k, in) kv]¿i-
Im-c-I-cp-am-Ip-∂p.
(27)
£otWμz¿°-Ip-Pm-ln-tI-Xp-c-hnPmx ]m]- -]m-]-›-hnXv
¢o_mx tIXp-_p-[m¿°-Pm-x iinX-ax -ip-{Im-x kv{Xntbm f t\y \cmx
cp{Zmw_m Kpl -hn-jvWp -[m-Xr- I-a-em- Im-em-lyPm tZh-Xm˛
qcym-Zy-·n- `q-an- J -]-tbm- hm-bzm-fl-Imx -kyp¿{Klmx.
{Kl-ß-fpsS ip`]m]Xzw £otWμp ˛ £oW-N-{μ≥,
A¿° ˛ kqcy≥,
45
IpP≥, ˛ IpP≥
Aln ˛ cmlp,
tIXp, ˛ tIXp
c-hnPmx ˛ i\n,
]m] ˛ Ch¿ ]m]-∑m-cm-Ip∂p,
k]m] N -hnXv ˛ ]m]-t\m-Sp-Iq-Snb _p[\pw (]m]-\m-Ip-∂p.)
ip`≥ ]m]≥ 1. ]£_eap≈ N{μ≥ 1. kqcy≥
2. ]m]tbmKan√mØ _p[≥ 2. ]£_ean√mØ N{μ≥
3. Kpcp 3. IpP≥
4. ip{I≥ 4. ]m]tbmKap≈ _p[≥
5. i\n
6. cmlp
7. tIXp
ss\k¿§nI]m]∑-m¿: ]m]∑-m¿ F∂p s]mXphmbn ]dbptºmƒ kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n F∂o aq∂p
{Kl߃ am{Xta AXn¬ s]Sp∂p≈q. F∂m¬ kqcys‚ ASpØp\n¬°ptºmƒ
N{μ\pw ]m]∑-mcpsSIqsS \n¬°ptºmƒ _p[\pw ]m]cmbnamdp∂p.
N{μs‚ ]£_ew: kqcy\pambp≈ AI¬®bpw ASp∏hpamWv N{μs‚ ip`]m]Xzw \n¿Æbn°p
∂Xv. kqcy\n¬\n∂pw G‰hpw AIse \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ (]q¿ÆN{μ≥) ip`\mWv.
IdpØ hmhp Ign™v F´mw ZnhkwapX¬°mWv N{μs‚ ]£_ew Bcw`n°p∂Xv.
shfpØ hmhn≥\mfn¬ AXp ]q¿Æ amIpw. AhnSp∂tßm´v _ew Ipdbm≥ XpSßpw.
shfpØ hmhv Ign™v Ggmw\mfmIptºmtgbv°pw AXp Xosc C√mXmIpw. shfpØ
]£w AjvSan apX¬ N{μ\p s\K‰ohv _eamWv. Cdßn Cdßn N{μ≥ IdpØ
hmhnseØptºmƒ (kqcys‚ G‰hpw ASpØv FØptºmƒ) \qdp iXam\hpw
]m]^eamIpw. ASpØ ZnhkwapX¬ Ib‰w Bcw`n°pw. F´mw Znhkw ip`Xz
Øntebv°p IS°pw. (Aamhmkn˛]u¿ÆanIfpsS tPymXn »mkv{XXXzw Adn™m¬
C°mcyw IqSpX¬ hy‡amIpw.)
_p[s‚ ]m]Xzw _p[≥ kzXth ip`\mWv. F∂m¬ _p[≥ \n¬°p∂ AtX cminbn¬
]m]{Klßfmb kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n Chcn¬ Bsc¶nepw IqsS \n¬∏ps- ¶n¬
_p[≥ ]m]\mIpw.
kv{Xo, ]p-cpj≥, \]pwkIw ¢o_mx tIXp- _p-[ A¿°-Pm-x ˛ tIXp-, _p-[≥, i\n
Ch¿ \]pw-kIßfpw,
iin X-a ip-{Im-x kv{Xntbm ˛ N-{μ≥, cm-lp, ip{I≥
Ch¿ kv{XoIfpw,
At\y \cmx ˛ a‰p-≈-h¿ (kq-cy≥, IpP≥, Kpcp)
]pcp-j-{K-l-ß-fp-am-Ip-∂p.
46
{Kl-ß-fpsS tZhXIƒ cp{Z ˛ inh≥,
Aw_m ˛ {io]m¿hXn,
Kpl ˛ kp{_-“-Wy≥, -
hnjvWp, -
[m-Xr ˛ {_“mhv, -
I-a-e ˛ alme£van,
Ime ˛ b-a≥,
Aln ˛ k¿∏w,
APm ˛ amb.
]©`qXImcIXzw kqcymXv ˛ kqcy≥ apX-¬°v,
A·n,`q-an-,J,BImi, -]-b˛ A·n, `qan apXemb ]©-`q-X-ßfpsS Imc-I-Xzhpw
.
{Klw enwKw- tZ-hX ]©`qXw
1. kqcy≥ ]pcp-j≥ inh≥ A·n
2. N{μ≥ kv{Xo ]m¿h-Xn Pew
3. IpP≥ ]pcp-j≥ kp{_-“-Wy≥ A·n
4. _p[≥ \]pw-kIw hn-jvWp `qan
5. Kpcp ]pcp-j≥ {_“m-hv. BImiw
6. ip{I≥ kv{Xo e£van Pew
7. i\n \]pw-kIw ba≥ hmbp
8. cmlp kv{Xo k¿∏w ˛
9 tIXp \]pw-kIw ambmtZhn ˛
(28)
tKm[qaw X¨Upew ssh Xne-N-W-I-Ipep∞mV-Iiym-a-apZvKm˛
∂njv]m-hm- am-j-a¿t°-μz-kn-X-Kp-cp-in-Jn{Iqc-hn-Zv`r-Kz-lo\x
t`mKo-\m¿°ym-c-Po-h-⁄-i-in-inJn-kn-tXjzw_-cmJyw IenwKw
kucm-jv{Sm-h¥n kn‘q≥ kpa-K-[-b-h-\m≥ ]¿h-Xm≥ IoISmw›.
[m-\y-ßfpw ]b-dp-h¿§-ß-fpw A¿t° ˛ kqcy\v tKm[qaw ˛ tKmXºv
Cμp ˛ N{μ\v X¨Upew ˛ Acn
Akn-X ˛ i\n°v Xne ˛ F≈v
Kp-cp ˛ hymgØn\v N-W-I ˛ ISe
in-Jn ˛ tIXphn\v Ipep∞ ˛ apXnc
{Iqc ˛ IpP\v BV-Io ˛ Xphc
hnZv ˛ _p[\v iym-a- ˛ Nma
`rKp ˛ ip{I\v ap-ZvKm ˛ sNdp-]-b¿
Aln ˛ cmlphn\v am-jw ˛ Dgp∂v
47
tZiImc-IXzw {Klw tZiw t`mKo ˛ cmlp Aw_cw
C\≥ ˛ kqcy≥ IenwKw
A¿°n ˛ i\n kucmjv{Sw
Bc ˛ IpP≥ Ah¥n
Poh ˛ hymgw kn‘p
⁄ ˛ _p[≥ aK[
iio ˛ N{μ≥ bh\w
inJn tIXp ]¿hXw
knX ˛ ip{I≥ IoISw
(29)
amWn-Iy-w XctWx kp[m-cy-a-aew ap‡m-^ew ioX-tKm¿˛
Ωmtl-bky N hn{Zpaw ac-IXw kuayky Kmcp-flXw
tZth-Uyky N ]pjycm-K-a-kp-cmam-Xyky h{Pw it\¿˛
\oew \n¿Ω-ea-\ytbm› KZntX tKmta-Zssh-Uq-cy-tI.
cXv\Imc-IXzw
1. amWn-Iy-w XctWx ˛ kqcy\v amWnIyw
2. kp[m-cy-w Aaew ap‡m-^ew ioX-Kp ˛ N{μ\v apØv
3. amtl-bky N hn{Zpaw ˛ IpP\v ]hngw
4. ac-IXw kuayky ˛ _p[\v ac-XIw
5. Kmcp-flXw tZth-Uyky ]pjycm-K-w ˛ hymgØn\v ]pjycmKw
6. Akp-cmam-Xyky sshcw ˛ ip{I\v h{Pw
7. it\x \oew \n¿Ωew ˛ i\n°v C{μ\oew
A\ytbm N KZntX tKmta-Zssh-Uq-cy-tI.
8. cmlphn\v ˛ tKmta[w
9. tIXphn\v ˛ sshUqcyw
(30)
Xm{ax Imwkyw [mXp-Xm{aw {X]p- ymXv
kz¿Æw cu]yw Nmbkw `mkvI-cmtZx
hkv{Xw XØ-Zz¿Æ-bp‡w hntijmXv
Po¿Æw aμ-kym-·n-ZKv[w IpP-ky.
temlImc-IXzw
(Xm{ax Imwkyw....)
`mkvI-cmtZx ˛ kqcy≥ apX-em-b-h¿°v
1. kqcy≥ ˛ Xm{ax - ˛ sNºv
2. N{μ≥ ˛ Imwkyw ˛ Iq´p-temlw
3. IpP≥ ˛ [mXp-, Xm{aw ˛ [mXp{Zhyw, sNºv
48
4. _p[≥ ˛ {X]p ˛ Cøw
5. hymgw ˛ kz¿Æw ˛ kz¿Æw
6. ip{I≥ ˛ cu]yw ˛ sh≈n
7. i\n ˛ Bbkw ˛ Ccpºv
hkv{XImc-IXzw
hkv{Xw XØXv h-¿Æ-bp‡w
˛ Hmtcm {KlØn\pw ]d-™n-´p≈ \nd-Øn-ep≈ hkv{X-߃,
hntijmXv Po¿Æw aμ-ky
˛ hntijn®pw i\n Po¿Æn® hkv{XØnt‚bpw,
A-·n-ZKv[w IpP-ky
˛ IpP≥ Xo ]nSn® (IØnb) hkv{X Øn-s‚bpw Imc-I-∑m-cm-Ip-∂p.
(31)
`mt\mx ISp¿`q-an-kp-Xky Xn‡w
emh-Wy-an-tμm-cY N{μ-Pky
an{io-IrXw b∑-[pcw KptcmkvXp
ip{Iky Nmæ© it\x Ijm-bx.
ck-Im-c-IXzw
`mt\mx ISpx ˛ kqcy≥ ISp-c-kw,
`q-an- kp-Xky Xn‡w ˛ IpP≥ Ibv]v,
emh-Wy-w C-tμm ˛ N{μ≥ D∏v,
N{μ-Pky an{io-IrXw ˛ _p[≥ an{iw,
a-[pcw Kptcmx ˛ hymgw a[pcw,
ip{Iky Aæw ˛ ip{I≥ ]pfn,
it\x Ijm-bx ˛ i\n Ijmbw (Nh¿∏v).
{Klw hkv{Xw ckw 1. kqcy≥ Imhn ISp-c-kw,
2. N{μ≥ sh≈ D∏v
3. IpP≥ NpI∏v, Xo-]n-Sn-®X v. Ibv∏v
4. _p[≥ ]® an{ickw
5. hymgw a™ a[pcw
6. ip{I≥ sh≈ Aæw
7. i\n Po¿Æn-®, IdpØ, Ijmbw
(32)
`mkzZv Kojv]Xn N{μP £nXn-`phmw kym±-£ntWemRvO\w
tijm-Wm-an-X-c{X Xn‹-In-c-Wm¬ ISymw incx ]rjvTtbmx
It£w f tk hZt\ N kIvYn-N-ctW Nn”w hbmw-ky¿°tXm
t\ta, Zm\, XSw, \Jw, \K, k\n,- ⁄m-\m-Vy, \·m-S-\w.
49
ASbmf߃
`mkzZv ˛ kqcy≥,
Kojv]Xn ˛ hymgw,
N{μP ˛ _p[≥,
£nXn-`phw ˛ IpP≥,
kymXv Z£ntW ˛ Ch-bv°p heXp hiØpw
tijm-Wm-w CX-c A{X Xn‹IncWm¬
˛- _m°n-bp-≈-hbv°p (N{μ≥, ip{I≥,
i\n, cmlp, tIXp) CSXp hiØpw,
em©\w ˛ AS-bm-f-߃ D- m-Ipw.
ISymw ˛ kqcy\v Ac-bnepw,
incx ˛ N{μ\p inc- nepw,
]rjvTtbmx ˛ IpP\p ]rjvT-`m-KØpw,
It£ ˛ _p[\p I£-Ønepw,
Awtk ˛ hymg-Øn\p tXmfnepw,
hZt\ ˛ ip{I\p apJØpw,
kIvYn N-ctW ˛ i\n°p XpSbnepw ]mZ-Ønepw,
Nn”w ˛ AS-bm-f-߃ D- m-Ipw.
{Klw hiw Ahbhw 1. kqcy≥ heXv Ac-bn¬ --
2. N{μ≥ CSXv inc- n¬ --
3. IpP≥ heXv ]rjvT-`m-KØv / ]n∂n¬
4. _p[≥ heXv I£-Øn¬ --
5. hygw heXv tXmfn¬ --
6. ip{I≥ CSXv apJØv
7. i\n CSXv XpSbnepw ]mZ-Ønepw
{Kl߃ kqNn∏n°p∂ {]mbw ....hbmw-ky¿°tXm
t\ta, Zm\, XSw, \Jw, \K, k\n,- ⁄m-\m-Vy, \·m-S-\w. hbmw-kn A¿°tXm
˛ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈hcpsS hb v (A£ckwJybn¬):
A£-c-kwJy {Klw hb v t\ta - --˛ 05 - ˛ 50. kqcy≥ 50
Zm\ ˛ 80 ˛ 08 N{μ≥ 8
XSw 61 ˛ 16 IpP≥ 16
\Jw ˛ 02 ˛ 20 _p[≥ 20
\K ˛ 03 ˛ 30 hymgw 30
k\n ˛ 70 ˛ 07 ip{I≥ 7
⁄m-\m-Vy, 001 i\n 100
\·m-S-\w. 001 cmlp 100
(IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJybv°v A\p_‘w ˛ 1 ImWpI)
50
(33)
\oe-Zyp-Xn¿±o¿L-X\px Iph¿Æx
]mao N ]mj-WvU-a-X- -ln°x
Ak-Xy-hmZo I]So N cmlpx
IpjvTo ]cm-∂n-μXn _p≤n-lo-\x.
cmlpkzcq]w
\oe-Zyp-Xn ˛ \oe \ndw,
Zo¿L-X\px ˛ \o- (Dbcap≈) ico-c-w,
Iph¿Æx ˛ IogvPmXn,
]mao ˛ - XzIv tcmK-ß-ƒ D≈h≥,
]mj-WvU-a-X-x ˛ \nco-iz-c-aX°mc≥,
kl C°x ˛ C°nƒ,
Ak-Xy-hmZo ˛ \pW-b≥,
I]So ˛ Im]-Sy°mc≥,
IpjvTo ˛ IpjvTtcmKn,
]cm-≥ \nμXn ˛ a‰p≈-hsc \nμn-°p-∂-h≥,
_p≤n-lo-\x ˛ _p≤niq\y≥.
(34) ct‡m-{K-Zr-jvSn¿hn-j-hm-Kp-Z-{K˛
tZlx kikv{Xx ]Xn-X› tIXpx
[q{a-Zyp-Xn¿[q-a] Gh \nXyw
{hWm¶n-Xmw-K› Irtim \riw-kx.
tIXp-kz-cq]w ct‡m-{K-Zr-jvSn ˛ Nph∂ D{K-amb IÆp-Iƒ,
hn-j-hm-Iv ˛ hnjw han-°p∂ hm°v,
DZ-{KtZl ˛ henb ico-cw,
k-ikv{Xx ˛ Bbp-[-[m-cn,
]Xn-X› - ˛ {`jvS≥,
[q{a-Zyp-Xn¿ ˛ I-dp∏pw NpI∏pw tN¿∂ \ndw,
[q-a] Gh \nXyw- ˛ ]pI han°p∂-h≥, -
hWmw-In-Xmw-K› ˛ apdn-∏m-Sp≈ AhbtØmSpIqSnbh≥.
Irtim ˛ saen™h≥,
\riw-kx - ˛ {Iqc≥
(35)
kokw N Po¿Æ-h-k\w Xa-kkvXp tItXm¿˛
arZv`m-P\w hnhn-[-Nn-{X-]Sw {]ZnjvSw
an{XmWn hn—-\n-kn-Xm-kvX-a-tkm¿Zz-tbmkvXp
`ua tam \nK-ZntXm cn]p-h› tijmx.
51
cmlp tIXp°fpsS ]m{Xw, hkv{Xw Xa-kx kokw N Po¿Æ-h-k\w ˛ cmlphn\v Cø-∏m-{Xhpw Po¿Æ- hkv{Xhpw,
tItXmx arZv`m-P\w hnhn-[-Nn-{X-]Sw ˛ tIXp-hn\v a¨]m-{X-hpw Nn{Xßfp≈
(]e \ndßfp≈) hkv{Xhpw.
cmlp tIXp°fpsS an{X-i-{Xp-°ƒ an{XmWn hnXv i\n- kn-Xm- X-a-tkmx Zz-tbmx ˛ Ombm-{K-l-߃c- n\pw
(cmlptIXp °ƒ°v)
_p[≥, i\n, ip{I≥ F∂n-h¿- an{X-ßfpw,
`ua- ktam ˛ IpP≥ ka\pw,
cn]p-h› tijmx ˛ ti-jn-®h i{Xp-°-fp-am-Ip-∂p.
cmlp-tI-Xp-°-fpsS an{X-i{Xp {Kl-߃. _p[≥, ip{I≥, i\n, ˛ an{X-߃.
kqcy≥, N{μ≥, hymgw ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ
IpP≥ ˛ ka≥
(36)
aqtVm f ]n \o-N-cn-]p-tKm f jvS-a-j-Uvhy-b-tÿm
Zpxÿx kvartXm `hXn kpÿ CXo-X-c- ymXv
Nt{μ hybm-b-X-\p-j-Svkp-X-Im-a-kwtÿ
tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy.
{Kl߃ ZpÿnXcmIp∂sXt∏mƒ
aqV ˛ auVy-ap≈ {Klw-,
\o-N- ˛ Xs‚ \oN-cm-in-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw,
cn-]p-K ˛ Xs‚ i{Xp-t£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw,
A-jvS-a- jUv hybÿ ˛ F´v, Bdv, ]{¥- v `mh-ß-fn¬
\n¬°p-∂- {Kl-߃,
Zpxÿx `hXn kvarX ˛ Chsc√mw Zpÿn-X-sc-∂-dn-bpI.
kpÿ CXn CX-cx kymXv ˛ a‰p {Kl-ß-sf√mw kpÿ-cpw
B-Ip∂p.
ÿnXnsIm- v {]XnIqeamIp∂ {Kl߃ 1. auVyw:
kqcys‚ ASpØv Hcp {]tXyI]cn[n°p≈nseØptºmgmWv {Kl߃°p
auVyw F∂ _e°pdhv D- mIp∂Xv.
N{μ≥ -˛ 12T IpP≥ ˛ 17T _p[≥ 14T
hymgw ˛ 11T ip{I≥ ˛ 10T i\n 16T
kqcys‚ 17T Un{Kn ]cn[n°p≈n¬ (kqcys‚ A∏pdhpw C∏pdhpw) IpP\p auVyap- v.
CXpt]mse a‰p≈h¿°pw Ah¿°p t\sc ]d™ ]cn[n°p≈n¬ auVyap- v. IpP≥,
_p[≥, ip{I≥ F∂o aq∂p {Kl߃ h{IØn emsW ¶n¬ sNdnb
hyXymkap≈Xmbpw ImWp∂p. h{IØnemsW¶n¬ IpP\pw ip{I\pw 8T hscbpw
_[\p 12T hscbpw kqcys‚ ASpØp sN√mw. Kpcphn \pw i\n°pw Cu hyXykw
ImWp∂n√. N{μ\pw kqcys‚ 12 Un{Kn ]cn[n°p≈n¬ _e°pdhp- v. F¶nepw AXp
]£_eØns‚ IW°n¬ hcp∂Xn\m¬ auVyØn\p thsd _e°pdhv FSp°mdn√.
52
2. \oNÿnXn:
A≤ymbw t«mIw ¬ {KlßfpsS \oNÿm\߃ ]d™n´p- t√m. B
ÿm\ßfpsS (tcJmwißfpsS) A∏pdØpw C∏pdØpw GItZiw 15T hsc
\oNØns‚ tZmjw ImWpw. {Klkv^pShpw \oNÿm\hpw XΩnep≈ ASp∏hpw
AI¬®bpw {Kl_esØ B\p]mXnIambn _m[n°p∂p.
3. i{Xpt£{XÿnXn:
A≤ymbw t«mIw ]d™n´p≈ {KlßfpsS an{X˛i{Xp_‘wXs∂bmWv
CXn\Snÿm\w. N{μ\v i{Xp°fn√mØ Xn\m¬ N{μs‚ t£{Xamb I¿°SIw
B¿°pw i{Xpt£{Xa√. F∂m¬ _p[s\ kw_‘n®nStØmfw N{μ≥ i{XphmI
bm¬ _p[t£{Xßfmb anYp\hpw I∂nbpw N{μ\p i{Xpt£{XßfpamWv.
(BYntXbs‚ at\m `mhamWv {][m\sa∂¿∞w).
4. Zpÿm\ÿnXn:
^eZo]nI A\pkcn®v 6- 8˛12 `mh-ß-ƒ Zpÿm\ßfpw AhnsS \n¬°p∂
ip`{Kl߃ Xo¿Øpw Zp¿∫ecpamWv. PmXIN{μnI A\pkcn®v 3˛6˛11 ÿm\ßfpw
Zpÿm\ßfmWv. H∂pIqSn hy‡ambn ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ 3˛6˛11 `mhßfn¬ kqcy≥,
IqP≥, i\n, cmlp, tIXp F∂o ]m]∑-m¿ A\pIqe^ew \¬Ipw. F´n¬ _p[\pw
ip{I\pw ]{¥- n¬ ip{I≥am{XhpamWv. A\pIqeambn hcp∂Xv.
ÿnXnsIm- v A\pIqeamIp∂ {Kl߃
ta¬∏d™ \mep XcØn¬s∏´ {Kl-߃ Zpxÿ-cpw (ÿn-Xn-sIm- v A\p-Iq-e-a-
√mØ-hbpw) ^e-Zm-\-hn-j-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-Iq-e-hp-amWv. A√m-Øh (AXm-bXv Cu tZmj-
߃ C√m-Øh) kpÿcpw AXp-Im-cWw A-\p-Iq-e-cpw BIp-∂p. H∂pIqSn
hy‡am°pIbmsW¶n¬ tZmjßsfm∂p ans√¶n¬ hn]coX^ew D- mIpIbn√
Ft∂bp≈q. ip`^eap- mIW sa¶n¬ D®w aqe{XtImWw, kzt£{Xw, an{Xt£{Xw
XpSßnb A\pIqecminIfnep≈ ÿnXn BhiyamWv.
N{μ\pw thentb‰hpw ....Nt{μ hybm-b-X-\p-j-Svkp-X-Im-a-kwtÿ
tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy.
Nt{μ ˛ N{μ≥
hyb ˛ 12
Bb ˛ 11 -
X-\p ˛ 1-
j-Sv ˛ 6
kp-X- ˛ 5
Im-a ˛ 7 (F∂o ÿm\ßfn¬)
kwtÿ ˛ \n∂m¬
tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy...˛ hr≤nImcyØn¬ Pehr≤n ]dbWw.
kwKXn H‰ hcnbn¬ HXp°nbt∏mgp- mb Ahy‡XImcWamImw ]ecpw ]e
XcØnemWv CXp hymJym\n®ncn°p∂Xv.
53
(1) “thentb‰w D- m°pw ” F∂p \mWp]n≈ Bim≥.
(2) CXnt\mSp tbmPn®psIm- v sNdph≈n “tcmK£bmZn hnjb߃°v
thentb‰wKpWas√∂pw CXpsIm- v AdnbpIbpw thWw.” F∂p IqSn tN¿Øncn
°p∂p.
(3) “If there be a query whether water in a reservoir ( or in an irrigation project) will increase or decrease, increase in water should be predicted if the Moon be in the 12th, 11th, 1st, 6th, 5th or the 7th house at the time of the qyery”. -- G.S.Kapoor
PmXI^ehpambn _‘s∏SpØmhp∂ GtXm Hcp kwlnXm\nbaw kqNn∏n
°pI am{XamWv at{¥izc≥ ChnsS sNbvXn´p≈Xv. AXv GXmsW∂v Is- Ønbmte
Cu {]iv\Øns\mcp ]cnlmcamIq.
(37)
A¥- m-c-k-ap-∂-X-{Zp-ccptWm h√o kntXμq kvarXu
Kp¬ax tIXp-c-ln› I- -I-\Ku `uam¿°Pu Io¿ØnXu
hmKo-i- -^-temf^-ex -i-in-kptXm £oc-{]-kq-\-{Zpau
ipt{I-μq-hn-[p-tcm-j-[o-»-\n-c-km-cm-Km› kme-{Zp-ax.
hr£-mZn Im-c-IXzw A¥- m-c- k-ap-∂-X -{Zp- AcptWm ˛ kqcy\v ImX-ep≈ h∑-c-߃,
h√o kntXμq kvarXu ˛ ip{I\pw N{μ\pw eX-Iƒ,
Kp¬ax tIXp- Aln N ˛ cmlphpwtIXphpw ]p¬s°mSnIƒ,
I- -I-\Ku `uam¿°Pu ˛ IpP\pw i\nbpw ap≈p≈ ac-߃,
hmKo-i- k-^-tem ˛ hymgw Imbv°p∂ hr£-߃,
A- -te i-in-kptXm ˛ _p[≥ Imbv°mØ acßfptSbpw,
£oc-{]-kq-\-{Zpau ipt{I-μq- ˛ ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃
ip{I\pw, N{μ\pw,
hn-[p Hm-j-[o- ˛ N{μ≥ Huj[nIƒ,
i\n- A-km-cm-Km› kme-{Zp-ax ˛ i\nImXen√mØ acßfpw,]\Ifpw.
]´nI 1. kqcy≥ ˛ ImX-ep≈ h∑-c-߃,
2. N{μ≥ ˛ eX-Iƒ, ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃,
Huj[nIƒ
3. IpP≥ ˛ ap≈p≈ ac-߃
4. _p[≥ ˛ Imbv°mØ ac߃
5. hymgw ˛ Imbv°p∂ hr£-߃
6. ip{I≥ ˛ eX-Iƒ, ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃
7. i\n ˛ ap≈p≈ ac-߃, ImXen√mØ ac߃,
]\Iƒ
8. cmlp ˛ ]p¬s°mSnIƒ
9. tIXp ˛ ]p¬s°mSnIƒ
54
A≤ymbw 3
h¿§ßfpw Awißfpw
hnjbhnhcw t«mIw
1 Zi-h¿§w, h¿t§m-Øaw
2 k]vX-h¿§w, jUz¿§w,
\hmw-i^ew
3 h¿§-_ew,
_memZn AhÿIƒ
Zih¿§w hnhcWw 4 tlmc, t{Z°mWw, ZzmZ-imwiw, {Xnwimw-iw, \hmwiw
5 jjvSywiw,
6 k]vXmwiw, Zimwiw, Iemwiw
7 {XtbmZih¿§w, DØamwiw XpSßnbh
^e`mKw 8, 9 DØamwimZn ^ew
10 Zih¿§^ew,
_memZn Ah-ÿm-^ew
11 jUz¿§^ew
12 tlmcm^ew
e·Øn\pw N{μ\pw _eaps- ¶n¬ ^ew
{Xnwimwi^ew
{]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿIƒ
13, 14 t{Z°mWkzcq]w, ^ew
15 t{Z°mW˛{Xnwimwi˛ZzmZimwi˛tlmcm\mY^e߃
16 e·kwtim[\w
17 N{μÿnXn^ew, {XnwimwiÿnXn^ew
18,19 {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿIƒ
20 {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿm^ew
55
h¿§_ew {Kl߃ XßfpsS Imc-I-Xzhpw `mhm-[n-]-Xyhpw A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^ew Xcp-∂Xv
Ah-cpsS Zi, A]-lmcw XpS-ßnb Ime-b-f-hp-I-fn-em-Wv. Cßs\ Ah \¬Ip∂ ^e-
ß-fpsS IpSpX¬°pdhpIƒ Adnbp-∂-Xn-\mWv {Kl-_ew IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. AXmbXv
_ew A\p-k-cn-®mWv {Kl߃ -^ew \¬Ip-I. _e-an-s√-¶n¬ ^ehp-an-√. _ew IqSpw-
tXmdpw ^e-Zm-\-ti-jnbpw IqSn hcpw. {Kl߃ (DZm: e·m[n]≥) GsX¶nepw
hn[Øn¬ A\pIqeambm¬ am{Xw t]mcm, Bhiyamb _ew IqSn Ds- ¶nte
Ahbv°p t`Zs∏´ ^ew \¬Im\mIq.
_ew Adn-bp-∂-Xn\v ]e coXn-Iƒ \ne-hn-ep-- v. ChnsS BZyw ]d-bp-∂Xv h¿§-
_-esØ°pdn-®m-Wv. h¿§_ew ImWp ∂Xn\v jUvh¿§w, k]vXh¿§w, Zih¿§w,
tjmUih¿§w F∂nßs\ ]e h¿§ßƒ \nehnep- v. _ew ImWp∂Xn \pam{Xa√
^e{]hN\Øn\pw Ch D]tbmKn°mdp- v.
(1)
t£{X- {Xn-`m-K- \-h-`m-K -Z-imw-i- tlm-cm˛
{Xnwimw-i- k-]vX-e-h -j-jvSn-ehmx Iemwimx
tX ZzmZ-imw-i-k-lnXm Zi-h¿§-kw⁄m
h¿t§m-Øtam \nP-\ntP `ht\ \hmw-ix.
Hcp cminbpsS 30 Un{Knsb 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 30, 60 F∂nßs\ ]Øp
hn[Øn¬ `mKn®p ]Øp h¿§ßfm°n b XmWv Zih¿§w.
Zi-h¿§w
1. t£{Xw ˛ cmin
2. {Xn`mKw ˛ t{Z°m-Ww
3. \h-`mKw ˛ \hmw-iw
4. Zimw-iw
5. tlmcm
6. {Xnwimwiw
7. k]vXeh ˛ k]vXmwiw
8. jjvSnehm ˛ jjvSywiw
9. Iemwiw ˛ tjmU-imwiw
10. ZzmZ-imwiw
Zih¿§w ]´nI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cmin tlmc t{Z°m-W k]vXmw \hmw-i Zimw-i ZzmZ-im Iemwi {Xnwimw jjvSywi
30/1 30/2 30/3 30/7 30/9 30/10 30/12 30/16 30/30 30/60
30T 15T 10T 4T˛17’˛18 3T˛20’ 3T 2T˛30’ 1T˛52’˛30” 1T 1/2T
56
h¿t§m-Øaw h¿t§m-Øtam \nP-\ntP `ht\ \hmw-ix
˛ {Klw \n¬°p∂ cmin-bn¬ Xs∂ Awin- °p-∂-XmWv h¿t§m-Øaw.
cminbn¬ CS-h-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ \hmw-i-Ønepw CS-h-Øn¬Xs∂
\n∂m¬ AXp h¿t§m-Ø-a-am-bn. h¿t§m-Ø-aap≈ {Kl-Øn\p _ew D- v.
(2)
Zimw-ijjv-SywiIemw-i-lo-\m˛
kvtX k]vX-h¿§m› hnk-]vX-amwimx
jUz¿§-kw-⁄m-kvXzY cmin-`m-h˛
Xpeyw \hmw-iky ^ew ln tINn-Xv.
k]vX-h¿§w Zimw-i jjv-Sywi Iemw-i- lo-\mx tX k]vX-h¿§mx
˛ Zi-h¿§-Øn¬ Zimw-iw, jjvSyw-iw, Iemwiw Ch-sbm-gn-®p-≈Xv k]vX-h¿§w.
jUz¿§w hnk-]vX-amwimx jUz¿§-kw-⁄m-x
˛ k]vX-h¿§-Øn¬ \n∂v k]vXmwiw Hgn-®p-≈Xv jUz¿§w.
hnhn[h¿§ßƒ:
Zih¿§w k]vXh¿§w jUv h¿§w 1. cmin 1. cmin 1. cmin
2. tlmc 2. tlmc 2. tlmc
3. t{Z°mWw 3. t{Z°mWw 3. t{Z°mWw
4. k]vXmwiw 4. k]vXmwiw ....
5. \hmwiw 5. \hmwiw 4. \hmwiw
6. Zimwiw .... ....
7. ZzmZimwiw 6. ZzmZimwiw 5. ZzmZimwiw
9. Iemwiw .... ...
9. {Xnwimw 7. {Xnwimw 6. {Xnwimwiw
10. jjvSywiw .... ....
\hmw-i^ew cmin-`m-hXpeyw \hmw-iky ^ew ln tINn-Xv
˛ \hmw-i-Øn\v cmin°p Xpeyamb -{]m-[m-\y-aps- ∂mWv Nne-cpsS A`n-{]m-bw.
km[m-cW Hcp Xe-°p-dnbn¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS cminÿnXnbpw \hmw-i-ÿn-Xnbpw
sImSp-Øncn°pw. Ch c- pw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXm¬ {Kl-_-e-Øns‚ Hcp GI-tZicq]w
In´pw F∂mWp hnizmkw. \hmwiw cmin-tb-°mfpw kq£vaamb `mK-am-b-Xn-\m¬
\hmwiÿnXn°v cmin-ÿn-Xn-tb-°mƒ {]m[m-\y-aps- ∂pw Nne¿°`n{]mbap- v. DZm-
l-c-W-Øn\v, Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ ip{Is‚ cmin-ÿnXn \oN-Ønepw \hmw-i-ÿnXn D®-Øn-
ep-am-Wv. D®-Ønse ^ew ]d-bWsa-∂mWv PmX-I-]m-cn-Pm-Xhpw am\-km-K-cnbpw ]d-bp-
57
∂-Xv. F∂m¬ A\p-`-h-Øn¬ D®-Øns‚ sa®tam \oN-Øns‚ tZmjtam ImWp∂n√.
^ew icm-i-cn-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂p. AXmbXv \hmwiØnse \√ ÿnXnsIm- p
am{Xambn√: {Kl_ewIqSn D- mIWsa∂mWv A\p`hw.
(3)
t£t{Xjp ]q¿Æ-apZnXw ^e-a\y h¿t§-˛
jz¿≤w Iem-Z-i-a-j-jvSn-e-thjp ]mZw
_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv˛
`mssKx {Iam-ZypPn hn]-cy-ban-Xy-h-ÿm.
h¿§-_ew t£t{Xjp ]q¿Æ-w D-ZnXw ˛ cmin-bn¬ ]q¿Æ^ew- ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
^ew A\y h¿t§jp A¿≤w ˛ a‰p h¿§-ßfn¬ ]Ip-Xn ^ew.
Iem -Z-i-a -j-jvSn -e-thjp ]mZw ˛ Iemwiw, Zimw-iw, jjvSywiw
Ch-bn¬ Im¬ ^ew.
h¿§hpw _ehpw: cmin ˛ apgph≥,
tlmc, t{Z°m-Ww, k]vXmwiw,
\hmw-iw, ZzmZ-imwiw, {Xnwimwi ˛ ]IpXn,
Zimw-i Iemwiw jjvSywiw ˛ Im¬,
_memZn AhÿIƒ
_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv`mssKx {Iam-Xv AbpPn
˛ _meyw, Iuam-cw, buh-\w, hm¿≤Iyw, acWw Cu {Ia-Øn¬ HmP-cm-in-bn¬
Bdp `mKIƒ hoXap≈ A©v AhÿIfp- v
hn]-cy-ban-Xy-h-ÿm
˛ bp‹-cm-in°p ac-Ww, hm¿≤Iyw, buh-\w, Iuam-cw, _meyw Cu {Ia-ØnemWv
Ah-ÿ-I-ƒ hcp-∂-Xv.
(4)
t£{X-kym¿≤w ln tlmcm- Xz-bpPn chn-kp-[mw˛
tizm -ta -hy-kvX-ta-XXv
t{Z°mtWimkv{Xn-`m-ssK-kvX-\p-kp-X-ip-`]m
ZzmZimw-ikvXp e·mXv
`uam¿°o-Uy⁄ip{Imx iinP ka-ehm
tlymPt` bp‹t` XZv
hykvXw {Xnwimw-i-\mYmx {Inb-a-I-c-Xpem˛
I¿°-SmZym \hmw-imx.
(5)
b⁄w cXv\- P\w [\w \b-]Sw cq]w ebw tNSn\w
tlmcm tbmK-Jew _ew `K-in-Jm-[q-en¿∂hw {]kz\w
em`w hniz-Znhw [hw cW-[aw jjvSyw-i-Im-t›m-Pt`
{IqcmJymx kat` hn]-cy-b-anZw tijmkvXp kuaym-lz-bmx.
58
(6)
kzmXv k]vXmw-i-Z-imw-iIu Xp hnjta
bpt‹ Xp Imam-NvOp- mXv
kzm[o-im› Iemw-i]m hn[n-l-co˛
im¿°m- -a¿t£ f \yYm
JymssXx tImW-bp-ssX-kv{Xn-tIm-W-`-h\
kz¿t£m®-tI-t{μm-Ø-ssa¿˛
h¿§m-x k]vX-Zi -{X-tbm-Z-ianXm
h¿§mx {]ZnjvSmx ]ssc.
Zih¿§hnhcWw
1. cmin taSw XpSßnbh
cmin\mY∑-m¿ : `uax ip{I.... (1˛6)
2. tlmc t£{X-ky A¿≤w tlmcm- ˛ cminsb c- mbn ]Ip-ØXp tlmc.
tlmcm-\m-Y-∑m¿:
A-bpPn chn, -kp-[mwip ˛ HmPcm-in-bn¬ BZy-tlmc kqcy-s‚bpw
c- m-asØ tlmc N{μs‚bpw.
kta.- hy-kvX-ta-X¬ ˛ bp‹cm-in-bn¬ BZy-tlmc N{μs‚bpw
c- m-asØ tlmc kqcy-s‚bpw BIp-∂p.
3. t{Z°mWw t{Z°mtWimx {Xn-`m-ssKx- ˛ cminsb aq∂mbn Xncn-®Xp t{Z°mWw.
t{Z°mW\m-Y-∑m¿:
X-\p -kp-X -ip-`]m ˛ e·w, A©v, HºXv F∂o `mhßfpsS
\mY∑-m¿.
4. ZzmZ-imwiw ZzmZimw-ikvXp e·m¬ ˛ cminsb ]{¥-- mbn Xncn-®Xp
ZzmZ-imwiw.
ZzmZimwi\mY∑m¿:
{Klw \n¬°p∂ cminapX¬°p≈ 12 cminIfmWv ZzmZimwiw. DZmlcWØn\v
IpP≥ \n¬°p∂Xv taSØn¬. ZzmZimwiw taSwapX¬ ao\whsc. Kpcp \n¬°p∂Xv
NnßØn¬. ZzmZimwiw Nnßw apX¬ I¿°SIw hsc. ZzmZimwi\mY∑m¿ taSw˛Ip,
CShw˛ip F∂ {IaØn¬Xs∂.
5. {Xnwimw-iw Hcp cminsb ap∏-Xmbn Xncn-®Xp {Xnwimw-iIw.
{Xnwimw-iI\mY∑m¿ (A£ckwJybn¬):
`ua A¿°n CuUy ⁄ ip{Imx ˛
IpP≥ i\n, Kpcp, _p[≥, ip{I≥
i in P k a
59
5 5 8 7 5
ehm ˛ Awi߃
HmPt` ˛ hoXw HmPcminbn¬.
bp‹t` XZvhykvXw ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ CXn\p hn]coXw.
6. \hmwiw Hcp cminsb 3T˛20’ hoXw Hº-Xp `mKßfmbn Xncn-®Xp \hmw-iIw.
{Inb -a-I-c -Xpem I¿°-SmZym \hmw-imx
˛ taSw (tajmZn),
˛ aI-cw (aI-cmZn),
˛ Xpemw, (XpemZn)
˛ I¿°Sw (I¿°ymZn)
˛ XpS-ßn- \hmw-i-I-߃.
tajmZn F∂p ]d-™m¬ ta-SØn\pw AXns‚ {XntImWcmin Iƒ°pw
(Nnßw,- [-\p) Hcpt]mse BsW-∂¿∞w. CXpt]mse a‰p≈hbpw.
1 5 9
1. tajmZn: taSw, Nnßw, [\p
2. aIcmZn CShw, I∂n, aIcw
3. XpemZn anYp\w, Xpemw, Ipw`w
4. I¿°ymZn I¿°Sw hr›nIw ao\w
7. jjvSywiw Hcp cminsb Adp-]-Xmbn `mKn-®Xv jjvSywiw.
jjvSyw-i-Imx Hm-Pt` {IqcmJymx ˛ HmPcm-inbn¬ {Iqc-mwi߃ F∂p
t]cmb jjvSyw-i߃
(A£ckwJybn¬):
b⁄w cXv\ P\w [\w \b- ]Sw cq]w ebw tNSn\w
10 20 80 90 01 11 21 31 61
1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 16
tlmcm tbmK Jew _ew `K in-em [qen \hw {]kkz\w
82 13 23 33 43 53 93 04 24
28 31 32 33 34 35 39 40 42
em`w hniz- Znhw [hw cW [aw
34 44 84 94 25 95
43 44 48 - 49 52 59
kat` hn]-cy-b-anZw ˛ bp‹-cm-in-bn¬ ({Iqcmwi߃) CXn\p hn]-coXambn hcp∂p.
tijmx kuaym-lz-bmx ChnsS ]dbmØh kuayw F∂p t]cp≈hbmIp∂p.
HmPcminbn¬: {Iqcmwi߃ kuaymwi߃
1, 2 3˛7
8˛13 14, 15
60
16 17˛27
28 29, 30
31˛35 36˛38
39, 40 41
42˛44 45˛47
48˛49 50, 51
52 53˛58
59 60
bp‹cminbn¬: {Iqcmwi߃ kuaymwi߃
.... 1, 2
3˛7 8˛13
14, 15 16
17˛27 28
29, 30 31˛35
36˛38 39˛40
41 42˛44
45˛47 48˛49
50, 51 52
53˛58 59
60
8, 9. k]vXmwihpw. Zimwihpw kzmXv k]vXmw-i- Z-imw-iIu Xp hnjta
˛ k]vXmwiØnepw ZimwiØnepw HmPcminbn¬ AXmXp cmin apX¬,
bpt‹ Xp Imam ip- m¬
˛ bp‹cminbn¬ Ggv, HºXv cminIƒ apX¬.
k]vXmwiw. Zimwiw HmPcminbn¬ AXmXp cminapX¬ AXmXp cminapX¬
bp‹cminbn¬ Ggmw cminapX¬ HºXmwcminapX¬
10. Iemwiw AYhm tjmUimwiw Hcp cminsb ]Xn\mdmbn Xncn®XmWv Iemwiw AYhm tjmUimwiw. {Klw
\n¬°p∂ cminapX¬ XpS¿®bmbnhcp∂ ]Xn\mdpcminIfmWv ]Xn\mdv Awi߃.
Iemw-i]m hn[n- l-co Cui A¿°m-x
-˛ HmP-cm-in-bn¬ {_-“m-hv, hn-jvWp in-h≥, kqcy≥ Cu {Ia-Ønepw
k-a¿t£ A\yYm
˛ bp‹cm-in-bn¬ kqcy≥, inh≥, hnjvWp, {_“mhv F∂ {Ia-ØnepwIemwi
tZhXIƒ Bh¿Øn®p hcp∂p.
61
a‰p aq∂p hymJym\ßfnepw sImSpØn´p≈ Cu tjmUi h¿§\mYXzw
(hn[olcoim¿°....) sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym\Øn¬ C√.
kzm[oim›, Iemwi]m›captJ˛
jzmZym≤tc›m]Xx
F∂mWv AhnsS sImSpØn´p≈Xv. AXns‚ A¿∞w˛˛ Cu Iemwiw NccminIfn¬ taSw
apXepw ÿnccminbn¬ NnßwapXepw D`bcminbn¬ [\papXepw {IaØmse IW°mt°
- XmWv.
c- p ]mTßfpw tN¿Øp hmbn°ptºmtg \nbaw ]q¿ÆamIp∂p≈p.
{XtbmZih¿§w tImW-bp-ssX-x {Xn-tIm-W-`-h\ kz¿£ D® -tI-{μ- DØ-ah¿§ k-]vX-k-l- {X-tbm-Z-
ianXm h¿§mx {]ZnjvSmx ]tc ˛ k]vX-h¿§ß-fpsS IqsS {Xn-tIm-Ww, aqe{XntImWw,
kz-t£{Xw, -D®w, -tI-{μw, h¿t§m-Øaw- Ch Bdpw IqSn Iq´nbXv {XtbmZih¿§w.
ChnsS sNdph≈n Xs‚ hymJym\Øn¬ aq∂pt«mIßfnembn Xpcy (1/4), hnwi
( 1/20), kn≤ (1/ 24), \£{X (1/27), NXzmcn (1/40), kn≤thZ (1/45) F∂o Bdv
Awi߃IqSn hnhcn°p∂p- v. Zih¿§Øns‚IqsS Cu Bdp h¿§ßƒIqsS
Iq´nbm¬ tjmUih¿§ambn. ^eZo]nIbn¬ tjmUih¿§w ]dbmØ Xn\m¬ Cu
aq∂pt«mI߃ Hgnhm°nbtXm {]£n]vXtam Bhmw.
(7)
h¿§mt\ymPbXp {Xtbm-Zi kplrXv kz¿t£m-®-t`jp {IamZv˛
Zznkv{Xnx ]©N-Xp¿∂-hm-{Zn-h-kp-j-Uvkw-Jymkp h¿ss§ IrXx
{]mlp-t›m-Ø-a-]m-cn-Pm-X-I-YnXu knwlm-k\w tKm]pcw
tNssXy-cm-h-X-tZ-h-tem-I-\ctemImw-i› ]mcm-hXw.
DØamwiw XpSßnbh
{Xtbm-Zi h¿§m≥ tbmPbXp ˛ (PmXIØn¬) {XtbmZih¿§w
IW°m°nbXn¬ {Kl߃°v
kplrXv ˛ an{Xt£{Xw,
kz¿£w ˛ kzt£{Xw,
D®`w ˛ D®t£{Xw,
F∂o ap∂v A\pIqeÿm\ßfnembn
Zzn {Xn ]© N-Xp \-h A-{Zn h-kp- jUv
2, 3, 5, 4, 9, 7, 8, 6
kw-Jymkp h¿ss§x IrXx
˛ F∂nßs\ h¿§ÿnXn In´p∂psh¶n¬ B kwJy A\pkcn®v {Klßfp
sS ÿnXn˛
1. D-Ø-a - ˛ DØ-aw-,
2. ]m-cn-Pm-X - ˛ ]m-cn-Pm-Xw,
3. knwlm-k\ ˛ knwlm-k\w
4. tKm]pc ˛ tKm]pcw
5. sFcm-h-X - ˛ sFcm-h-Xw
62
6. tZ-h-tem-I- - ˛ tZ-h-tem-Iw
7. \ctemI ˛ \ctemIw
8. ]mcm-hXw. - ˛ ]mcmhXw
F∂o Awißfnembncn°pw.
{XtbmZih¿§Øn¬
In´nb kwJy Awiw
9 sFcmhXw
8 \ctemIw
7 tZhtemIw
6 ]mcmhXw
5 knwlmk\w
4 tKm]pcw
3 ]mcnPmXw
2 DØaw
\ctemIØn\p ]Icw kpctemIw F∂pw hn[n ({_“) temIw F∂pw ]mTt`Zw
ImWp∂p- v. ImcyØn\√msX t]cn\v {]m[m\yw sImSp°Wsa∂p tXm∂p∂n√. AXp
t]mse Nne ]Xn∏pIfn¬ DØasØ ]mcnPmXsa∂pw ]mcnPmXsØ DØasa∂pw
amdn hnfn°pp∂pap- v . AXpw ImcysØ _m[n°p∂n√.
(8)
Bcym-\¬∏-Kp-Wm¿∞-ku-Jy-hn-`-hm≥ bx ]mcn-Pm-Xmw-i-Kx
kzmNmcw hn\-bm-\znXw N \n]pWw bZyp-Ø-amw-ti -ÿnXx
tJtSm tKm]p-c-`m-KKx ip`-aXnw kzt£-{X tKm aμncw
bx knw-lm-k-\tKm \rt]-{μ-Z-bnXw `q]m-e-Xpeyw \cw.
(9)
t{ijvTm-iz-Zzn-]-hm-l-\m-Zn-hn-`hw ]mcm-h-Xm-[n-jvTnXx
k¬Io¿Ønw bZn tZh-tem-I-k-lntXm `qa-WvU-em-[o-izcw
hμyw `q]-Xn-`nx- kp-tc-{μ-k-Z-riw ssXzcm-h-Xmw-i-ÿnXx
kZv`mKyw [\-[m\y]p{X-k-lnXw `q]w hnZ-[ymZv {Klx
DØamwimZn h¿§^ew 1. Bcy A\¬∏-Kp-W A¿∞-ku-Jy-hn-`-hm≥ ]mcn-Pm-Xmw-i-Kx
˛ ]mcnPmXmwiw (3 _nμp): t{ijvT≥, A[nIKpW-hm≥, [\w, kpJw, hn`-h-
߃.
2. kzmNmcw hn\-bm-\znXw \n]pWw DØ-amw-ti -ÿnXx
˛ DØamwiw (2 _nμp) : Xs‚ BNm-c-ß-ƒ A\pjvTn°p∂h≥, hn\-bw,
ss\]p-Wyw.
3. tKm]p-c-`m-KKx ip`-aXnw kzt£-{XtKm aμncw
--˛ tKm]p-cmw-i--w (4 _nμp) : k∑-\- v, kz¥-ambn `qan, ]ip-°ƒ, hoSv.
4. knw-lm-k-\tKm\rt]-{μ-Z-bnXw `q]m-e-Xpeyw \cw
˛ knwlm-k\-\mwi--w (5 _nμp) : cmPm-hn\p {]nb≥, cmPXpey≥.
5. t{ijvTm Aiz- Zn-]- hm-l-\m-Zn-hn-`hw ]mcm-h-Xm-[n-jvTnXx˛
63
˛ ]mcm-h-Xmw-i--w (6 _nμp) : t{ijvT-amb IpXn-c, B\ apX-emb hml-\-߃
6. k¬Io¿Ønw bZn tZh-tem-I-k-lntXm `qa-WvU-em-[oizcw
˛ tZhtem-Imw-i-I-w (7 _nμp) : ˛ k¬ Io¿Øn, cmPm-hv.
7. hμyw `q]-Xn-`n- p-tc-{μ-k-Z-riw sFcm-h-Xmw-i-ÿnXx
˛ sFcm-h-Xmwiw( 9 _nμp) : cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬°qSn hμn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥,
tZth{μ\p Xpey≥.
8. kZv`mKyw [\-[m\y]p{X-k-lnXw `q]w
˛ \c-tem-Imwiw (8 _nμp) `mKy-hm≥, [\w, -[m\yw, ]p{X-∑m¿ Ch-tbm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-b-h≥, cmPm-hv.
3, 4 hcnIƒ sNdph≈n sImSpØn´p≈Xn\v sNdnsbmcp am‰ap- v. kZv`mKyw [\[m\y]p{XklnXw `q]w hncn©mwiKx
hμyw `q]Xn`nx kptc{μkZriw ssXzcmhXmwiÿnXx.
(10)
bZz¿tKjz-Jn-tejp arXyp-c-_-te-jz-{Xm-Y -ht£y {Iam˛
∂miw ZpxJ-a-\¿∞Xmw N hnkpJw _‘p-{]nbw XZzcw
`qt]jvSw [\n\w \r]w \r]-hcw h¿t§ _en-jvtT- f Jnte
h¿≤[njvWpw kpJn\w \r]w KZ-arXo _mem-Zyhÿm^ew.
Zih¿§^ew h¿t§jp AJntejp ˛ F√m (]Øp) ]¿§ßfnepw
arXyp A_tejp ˛ _eans√¶n¬ acWw
(a‰p h¿§ßfn¬ _eans√¶n¬ {IaØn¬)
9 h¿§Øn¬ _eans√¶n¬ ˛ \miw
8 ,, ,, ˛ ZpJw,
7 ,, ,, ˛ A\¿∞X (A\¿∞߃),
6 ,, ,, ˛ hnkpJw (kpJan√mbva),
5 ,, ,, ˛ _‘p{]nbw (kzP\߃°p th- s∏´h≥)
4 ,, ,, ˛ XZvhcw (kzP\ßfn¬ t{ijvT≥, Xeh≥)
3 ,, ,, ˛ `qt]jvSw (cmPmhn\v CjvSs∏´h≥)
2 ,, ,, ˛ [\n\w ([\nI≥)
1 ,, ,, ˛ \r]w ˛ cmPmhv
h¿t§ _en-jvtS- AJnte ˛ F√m h¿§ßƒ°pw _eaps- ¶n¬
\r]hcw ˛ cmPt{ijvT≥, N{Ih¿Øn.
t«mIw aq∂n¬ ]d™ _memZn Ah-ÿm-^ew
(_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv`mssKx ....
h¿≤[njvWpw kpJn\w \r]w KZ-arXo _mem-Zyhÿm^ew.)
1. h¿≤njvWpw ˛ h¿≤n-°p-∂-h≥ (_meyw)
2. kpJn\w ˛ kpJ-ap-≈-h≥, (Iuamcw)
3. \r]w ˛ cmPmhv (XmcpWyw)
4. KZw ˛ tcmKw (hm¿≤Iyw)
5. arXn ˛ acWw (arX)
64
(11)
jUz¿t§jp ip`-{K-lm-[n-I-KpssWx
{ioam≥ NncwPohXn
{Iqcmwti _lpte hne·`ht\
Zot\m f ¬∏-Po-h-»Tx
X∂mYm _ent\m \rt]m- f kvXy-Y- \-hmw-˛
titim ZrKm-tWiztcm
et·ix {Ia-i-x kpJo \r]-kax
t£mWo-]-Xn¿`m-Ky-hm≥.
jUz¿§^ew
PmXIØn¬˛˛
1. jUvh¿t§jp ip`-{K-l A[n-I- KpssWx {ioam≥ Nncw PohXn
˛ e·Øns‚ jUz¿§-ß-fn¬ ip`-{K-l-ßfpsS h¿§amWv A[nIw hcp∂sX¶n¬,
B PmXI≥ [\nI\pw Zo¿Lm-bp- p≈h\pw BIpw.
2. {Iqcmwti _lpte hne-·-`-ht\ Zo\x A¬∏-Po-h-x iTx
˛ e·Øn\p {Iqcmw-i-amWv A[n-Iw hcp∂sX-¶n¬ Zo\≥, A¬∏mbp v, iT≥.
imTyw ˛ hmin, \n¿_‘w
3. X∂mYm _ent\m \rt]m-
˛ e·Øns‚ jUvh¿§\mY-∑m¿ _e-hm-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂m¬ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
4. \-hmw-titim kpJo ˛ \hmw-im-[n-]≥ _e-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ kpJn.
5. ZrKm-tWiztcm \r]-kax ˛ t{Z°m-Wm-[n-]≥ _e-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ cmP-Xp-ey≥.
6. et·ix {Ia-i-x kpJo \r]-kax t£mWo-]-Xnx `m-Ky-hm≥.
˛ et·-iz-c≥ _e-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ {IaØn¬ kpJnbmbpw cmPXpey\mbpw `mKy-
hm-\mb cmPm-hmbpw `hn-°pw.
(12)
HmtP {Iqtc f ¿°-tlmcmw KX-hXn _e-hm≥
{Iqc-hrØn¿[-\mtVym
bpt‹ Nm{μow ipt`jp ZypXn-hn-\-bh-tNm-
lrZyku-`m-Kybp‡x
hykvXw hykvtX f {X ant{i ka-^-e-ap-ZnXw
e·-N{μu _enjvTu
X∂mYu Zzu N XZz-ZyZn `hXn Nncw
PohyZpx-Jo- b-i-kzo.
HmPbp‹cmiywi^ew 1. HmtP - ˛ HmP- cm-in-bn¬
A¿°tlmcmw ˛ kqcy-tlm-c-bn¬ (1˛15T)
{Iqtc ˛ ]m]{Kl߃
KXhXn ˛ \n∂m¬, ^ew
_ehm≥{IqchrØnx[\mVy ˛ i‡≥, {Iqc≥, [\m-Vy≥.
65
2. bpt‹ Nm{μow ipt`jp ˛ CXpt]mse bp‹-cm-in-bn¬, N{μ-tlm-c
bn¬, kuay-{Klw \n∂m¬
ZypXn- hn-\-b -h-tNm- lr-Zyku-`m-Kybp‡x ˛ Im¥n, hn\-bw, hmIvam-[p-cyw,
ku`m-Kyw.
3. hykvXw hykvtX f {X ˛ CXn\p hn]-co-X-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ hn]-co-X-^ew.
4. ant{i ka-^-ew D-ZnXw ˛ an{i-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ an{i-^-ew.
5. e·-N{μu _enjvTu X∂mYu Zu N XZz-ZyZn `hXn
˛ e·Øn\pw N{μ\pw, AXp-t]mse e·m-[n-]\pw N{μe-·m-[n-]\pw, _eaps-
¶n¬
NncwPohn AZpx-Jo- b-i-kzo
˛ Nncw-Pohnbmbpw ZpxJ-an-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw bi-kzn-bmbpw `hn-°pw.
C\n hcp∂ 13, 14, 15, 16 t«mI߃ sIm√w]Xn∏nen√. sNdph≈nbpsS
hymJym\ Øn¬ Nne hyXymkßtfmsS sImSpØn´pap- v. Chbn¬ BZysØ
aqs∂Æw t{Z°mWßfpsS \maßfpw ^eßfpw \mematØXp KpfnIs\sh®p e·w
icnbm°m\p≈ \nbahpamWv.
(13)
knwlmPmiznXpem\rbp‹`ht\
jz¥ym(1) lbmPmZnamx
a≤yu kv{Xobatbmcnlmbp[`rXx
]mtim f fnat≤ym `thXv
\{ImtZym \nKtfm artK{μLStbm˛
cmtZym hWnMva≤ytam
Kr{≤mtkym hrj`m¥na› hnlKx
I¿IymZn tImem\\w.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: `ht\jz¥ym ˛ aItcjz¥ym
1. Bbp[t{Z°mW߃
knwl AP Aizn Xpem \rbp‹ `ht\jp A¥ym
˛ Nnßw, taSw, [\p, Xpemw, anYp\w Cu cminIfpsS A¥yt{Z°mWßfpw,
lbAPBZnau
˛ [\p,taSw cminIfpsS BZnt{Z°mWßfpw,
a≤yu kv{Xobatbm...
˛ I∂nbptSbpw anYp\Ønt‚bpw a≤yt{Z°mWßfpw
Bbp[`rXx ˛ Bbp[t{Z°mW߃.
2. ]mit{Z°mWw ]mix Afnat≤y `thXv.... Afnat≤y ]miw
˛ hr›nIw a≤yw ]mit{Z°mWw.
3. \nKf t{Z°mWw \{ImtZym \nKtfm ˛ aIcw BZyw: \nKf t{Z°mWw
66
4. Kr{[mkyt{Z°mW߃
artK{μ LStbm BtZym ˛ Nnßw, Iqw`w ChbpsS BZyw
hWnMv a≤ytbm ˛ Xpemw a≤yw
Kr{[mtkym ˛ Ch Kr{[apJ t{Z°mW߃.
5. hnlKt{Z°mWw hrj`m¥na› hnlKx ˛ CShw A¥yw ]£nt{Z°mWw.
6. tImem\\t{Z°mWw I¿IymZn tImem\\w ˛ I¿°Sw BZyw : tImeapJ (]∂napJ)
t{Z°mWw
(14)
Iu¿]ymZyx I¿ISmt¥ymQjNcaaln›mPtKma[yknwlm˛
Zyfy¥w kym®Xpjv]mZnl ^ea[\{Iqc\nμym Zcn{Zmx
Zzμ¿t£ kyp¿ZrKmssWc[akaip`m\yÿntc tNmXv{ItaW
{]mlpkvX⁄vmx ÿnc¿t£jzip`ip`kamt\yh et·^em\n.
7. k¿∏t{Z°mW߃
Iu¿]ymZyx ˛ hr›nIw BZn
I¿IS At¥ym ˛ I¿°SIw A¥yw,
QjNca ˛ ao\w A¥yw
Alnx N ˛ Ch k¿∏t{Z°mWßfpw
8. NXpjv]mZt{Z°mW߃
AP tKm a[y ˛ taSw, CShw ˛ a≤yw
knwlmZn ˛ Nnßw ˛ BZyw
Afn A¥w ˛ hr›nIw ˛ Ahkm\w
NXpjv]mZv ˛ F∂nh NXpjv]mZt{Z°mWßfpamIp∂p.
10. t{Z°mW^ew Cu t{Z°mW߃ DZn°ptºmƒ P\n®m¬, e·w Cu t{Z°mWßfn¬ hcp∂psh¶n¬,
A[\, {Iqc, \nμym, Zcn{Zmx ˛ [\an√mØh≥, {Iqc≥, \nμy≥, Zcn{Z≥.
Zzμ¿t£ kypx ZrKmssWx A[a ka ip`m\n......
˛ P\\w GXp cminbn¬ GXp t{Z°mWØnemtWm hcp∂Xv AXn\\pkcn®p
ip`˛Aip`˛a≤ya^eßfpw A\p`hs∏Spw.
cmin t{Z°mWw 1 t{Z°mWw 2 t{Z°mWw 3 1. Nccmin DØaw a≤yaw A[aw
2. ÿnccmin A[aw DØaw a≤yaw
3 D`bcmin A[aw a≤yaw DØaw
67
(15)
t{ZImtWti kzh¿tK ip`JKklntX
tkzm®an{X¿£tK hm
XZzn{Xnwimwi\mtY _ehXn bZn tN˛
ZzmZimwim[nt] hm
tlmcm\mtY XYm tN∂nJneKpWKtWm
\nXyip≤{]hotWm
Zo¿Lmbpx kym±bmhm≥ kpX[\klnXx
Io¿Ønam≥ cmPt`mKx.
t{Z°mtWti
˛ (P\\kabØv DZn°p∂ e·Øns‚) t{Z°mW\mY≥˛˛
1) kzh¿tK ˛ kzh¿§Øntem,
2) ip`JKklntX ˛ ip`{KlßfpsSIqsStbm,
3) tkzm® ˛ D®t£{XØntem
4) an{X¿£tK ˛ an{Xt£{XØntem \n¬°pI;
hm ˛ As√¶n¬
. XZzn{Xnwimwi\mtY _ehXn ....
˛ {Xnwimwi\mYt\m, ZzmZimwi\mYt\m, tlmcm\mYt\m _eap- mbncn°pI;
(F¶n¬ B PmXI≥)
\nJneKpWKtWm ˛ k¿hKpWkº∂≥, \nXyip≤≥,
{]hotWm ˛ {]K¤≥,
Zo¿Lmbpx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp p≈h≥,
Zbmhm≥ ˛ Zbbp≈h≥
kpX[\klnXx ˛ ]p{X∑-mcpw [\hpap≈h≥,
Io¿Ønam≥ ˛ {]ikvX≥
cmPt`mKx ˛ cmPIobamb kpJt`mK߃.
(16)
aμnÿcmin]Xn kwKXk{XntImWw
Xkymwicmin]Xn kwbpXawitImWw
e·w hZ¥n KpfnImwiIcmintImWw
XZzZzn[u _ebptX iinss\h hnZymXv.
1. aμnÿcmin]Xn kwKX k{XntImWw˛ KpfnI`h\m[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ cmintbm
AXns‚ {XntImWßtfm,
2. Xkymwicmin]XnkwbpXawitImWw˛ KpfnIAwim[n]≥\n¬°p∂
cmintbm AXns‚ {XntImWßtfm,
3. KpfnI AwiI cmin tImWw ˛ KpfnI≥ AwiIn® cmintbm AXns‚
{XntImWßtfm,
e·w hZ¥n ˛ PmXIs‚ e·ambncn°pw.
XZzZzn[u _ebptX iin\nss\h hnZymXv.
˛ N{μ\p _eaps- ¶n¬ CXpt]mse
N{μ_‘ap≈ cminbmbpw hcmw.
68
(17)
Ipcym-Zm-fl-kp-lr-±r-Km-W-K-iio
IeymW-cq]w KpWw
t{ibmw-kyp-Ø-a-h¿§-P-kvXz-]-c-K˛
- kvX-∂m-Y-Pm-Xm≥ KpWm≥
kz{Xnw-imw-i-K-Xm -{Klm hnZ[tX
XXvIm-c-I-tXzm-ZnXw
Xss{XtIm f]n kplrZv{Ktl-£n-X-bpXx
tkzmt® f ¿∞bp‡w \r]w.
N{μÿnXn^ew 1. Ipcym-Zm-fl-kp-lr-±r-Km-W-K-iio IeymW-cq]w KpWw
˛ N{μ≥ Xs‚ _‘p t{Z°m-W-Øn¬ \n¬°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ sFiz-cy-I-c-amb
cq]-tØmSpw KpWtØmSpw IqSn-b-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.
2. t{ibmw-kyp-Ø-a-h¿§-P-x Xp ˛ h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ t{ib- p-
Iƒ D- m-Ipw. -
3. ]-c-K-x X-∂m-Y -Pm-Xm≥ KpWm≥ ˛ a‰phn[-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ AXmXv `mhm[n-]-
∑m¿s°mØ KpW-߃ sNøpw.
{Xnwimwi^ew 1. kz{Xnw-imw-i-K-X -{Klm hnZ[tX X¬°m-c-I-tXzm-ZnXw
˛ Ah-c-h-cpsS {Xnwim-i-ßsf {]m]n® {Kl-߃ GtXXp Imc-I-Xz-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
btXm B ^e-߃ \¬Ipw.
2. X{X GIx A]n kplrXv{Kl- Cu£n-X, -kplrXv{Kl bpX, kzDt®
˛ Ch-bn¬ Hcp {Klsa¶nepw an{X-{K-l-Øns‚ ZrjvSn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-tbm an{X-{K-l-
tØm- Sp-Iq-Sn-tbm Xs‚ D®cminØn¬ \n∂m¬
A¿∞bp‡w \r]w ˛ [\n-I-\mb cmPm-hm-bn-Øo-cpw.
(18)
tkzmt® {]Zo]vXx kpJnXkv{XntImtW
kzÿx -kz-tKtl apZn-X- p-lrZvt`
im¥kvXp kuay-{Klh¿§-bp‡x
it‡m atXm- f ku -kv p-S-c-ivan-Pmex
(19)
{Klm-`n-`q-Xx- k- \n-]o-Un-Xx- kymXv
JekvXp ]m]-{Klh¿§-bmXx
kZpx-Jn-X -i-{Xp-Krtl {Ktlt{μm
\otN -f Xn-`otXm hnI-tem- fkvX-bmXx
{]Zo]vXmZn AhÿIƒ 1. tkzmt® {]Zo]vXw ˛ D®Øn¬ {]Zo]vXw,
2. kpJnXx {XntImtW ˛ {XntImWØn¬ kpJnXw,
3. kzÿx -kz-tKtl ˛ kzt£{XØn¬ kzÿw,
4. apZn-X- p-lrZvt` ˛ an{Xt£{XØn¬ apZnXw,
5. im¥kvXp kuay-{Kl h¿§-bp‡x˛ ip`h¿§Øn¬ im¥w,
69
6. it‡m atXm- kv^p-S-c-ivan-Pmex ˛ ]q¿ÆcivanIfp≈t∏mƒ auVyw XpSßnb
(adhpIƒ C√mØt∏mƒ) i‡w,
7. Klm-`n-`q-Xx- \n-]o-Un-Xx- ˛ bp≤Øn¬tXm‰ {Klw ]oUnXw,
8. Jex]m]-{Klh¿§-bmXx ˛ ]m]h¿§Øn¬ Jew,
9. kZpx-Jn-X -i-{Xp-Krtl ˛ i{Xpt£{XØn¬ ZpJnXw,
10. \otN A-Xn-`otXm ˛ \oNØn¬ `oXw,
11. hnI-tem- AkvX-bmXx ˛ auVyØn¬ hnIew.
(20)
]q¿Æw {]Zo]vXm hnI-emkvXp iq\yw
at≤y- f \p-]m-Xm® ip`w {ItaW
A\p-{I-ta-Wm-ip-`-tah Ipcyp¿-˛
\mam\pcq]mWn ^em\n tXjmw.
{]Zo]vXmZn Ahÿm^ew ]q¿Æw {]Zo]vXm ˛ {]Zo]vXmhÿbn¬ ]q¿Æ^ew.
hnI-emkvXp iq\yw ˛ hnIemhÿbn¬ iq\y^ew
at≤y- A\p-]m-Xm® ip`w {ItaW ˛ CSbnep≈ AhÿIƒ {IaØn¬ ip`hpw
A\p-{I-ta-W Aip-`-tah Ipcyp ˛ Aip`hpw
\mam\pcq]mWn ^em\n tXjmw ˛ AhbpsS t]cpIƒ kqNn°p∂Xpt]mse
sNøp∂p.
{]Zo]vXmZn Ahÿm_ew ÿnXn Ahÿ ^eZm\tijn
1. tkzmt® {]Zo]vXw ˛ D®w {]Zo]vXw + 100 %
2. kpJnX {XntImtW - aqe-{Xn-tImWw kpJnXw + 80 %
3. kzÿx -kz-tKtl ˛ kzt£-{Xw- kzÿw + 75 %
4. apZn-X- p-lrZvt` ˛ an{X-t£-{Xw- apZn-Xw + 60 %
5. im¥kvXp kuay-{Kl ip`h¿§w im¥w + 50 %
6. it‡m atXm-ku.... - ˛ ]q¿Æ-c-ivan- i‡w + 40 %
7. {Klm-`n-`qX \n-]o-Un-X ˛ {Klbp≤-Øn¬
tXm‰ {Klw ]oUn-Xw 0 (iq\yw)
8. JekvXp ]m]-{Kl... ˛ ]m]-h¿§-w Jew ˛˛ 40 %
9. kZpx-Jn-X -i-{Xp-Krtl ˛ i{Xp-t£-{Xw ZpJn-Xw ˛˛ 50 %
10. \otN AXn-`oX ˛ \oN `oXw ˛˛ 60 %
11. hnI-tem- AkvX-bmX ˛ auVy-w hnI-ew ˛˛ 75 %
{]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿm^ew (+ A\pIqew, ˛˛ {]XnIqew):
Cu A≤ymbØns‚ KWnX`mKw, DZmlcWklnXw, A\p_‘w 1-˛¬ sImSpØn´p- v.
70
A≤ymbw 4
jUv_ew apXembh
hnjbhnhcw
1. jUv _ew
2. Znhcm{Xn_ew
3. ]£_ew
4. h¿j....tlmcm_ew
5. tNjvSm-_ew
6. D®-_ew
7. ZnKv_ew
8. Ab-\-_ew
9. ÿm\-_ew
10. tI{μ_ew
11. t{Z°mW_ew
12 ss\k¿§nI_ew:
13. h{I-_-ehpw civan-_-ehpw
14. {Kl_ew s]mXpsh
15. e·-_ew
16. ÿm\_e{Iaw
17. tI{μ_e{Iaw
18. Zr-jvSn_e{Iaw
19. h¿§_e{Iaw
20. ip`_e{Iaw
21. N{μ-{In-b, N{μmhÿ, N{μ-th-f
22. N{μ-{In-bm^ew
23. N{μm-hÿm^ew
71
24. N{μ-th-fm-^ew
25. N{μ{Inb apXembhbpsS ta∑-
26 {][m\_e߃
27. ^eZm\Øn\v Hmtcm {KlØn\pw
AXymhiyw D- mbncnt°- _ew
28. `mhm[n]_ew
A\p_‘w : KWnXw
(1)
hocyw jUvhn[-aml Ime-P-_ew
tNjvSm-_ew tkzm®Pw
ZnKzocyw Xzb-t\m-¤hw Znhn-jZmw
ÿmt\m-Zv`hw N {IamXv
\niym-tc-μz-knXmx(1) ]tc -Zn-hn- kZm
⁄x ip¢-]t£ ip`mx
IrjvtWft\y N \nPm-_vZ-am-k-Zn-\-tlm˛-
cmkzmw-{Ln-hr≤ym {IamXv.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw: knX ˛ ip{I≥
1. jUv_ew ZnhnjZmw ˛ {Kl߃°v
hocyw jUvhn[-aml ˛ _ew Bdphn[w
{IamXv ˛ {IaØn¬:
Ime-P-_ew - ˛ Ime-_-ew (1)
tNjvSm _ew ˛ tNjvSm-_ew (2)
tkzm®Pw ˛ D®-_-ew (3)
ZnIv hocyw ˛ ZnKv_-ew (4)
Ab-t\m-¤hw ˛ Ab-\-_-ew (5)
ÿmt\m¤hw ˛ ÿm\-_ew (6)
tlmcmimkv{XØn¬ A©p {Kl_eßsf°pdn®p ]dbp∂Xv sa®s∏SpØep
Iƒ°p hnt[bambn ^e Zo]nIbn¬ FØnbt∏mƒ Bdp _eßfmbn. C∂p
{]NmcØnep≈ coXnbnepw Bdp _eßfmWv f≈Xv. ]t£, hniZmwißfn¬
hyXymkap- v.
tlmcmimkv{XØn¬ ^eZo]nIbn¬ C∂sØ coXn ÿm\_ew, ÿm\_ew ÿm\_ew
ZnKv_ew, ZnKv_ew ZnKv_ew
tNjvSm_ew, tNjvSm_ew, tNjvSm_ew
Ime_ew, Ime_ew, Ime_ew
ss\k¿§nI_ew .... ss\k¿§nI_ew
Ab\_ew, ....
D®_ew, ....
. ZrIv_ew
72
]pXnb coXn{]Imcw ÿm\_eØn¬ D®_ew, k]vX h¿§P_ew, HmPbp‹
cmiywi_ew, tI{μ_ew, t{Z°mW_ew F∂nßs\ A©p _eßfpw Ime_e
Øn¬ \tXm∂X_ew, ]£_ew, {Xn`mK_ew, A_vZ_ew, amk_ew, hmc_ew,
tlmcm_ew, Ab\_ew, bp≤ _ew F∂nßs\ F´p _eßfpw ASßnbncn°p∂p.
C∂p s]mXpsh {]Nmc Ønep≈ Cu coXn A\pkcn®mWv Cu A≤ymbØns‚
A\p_‘Øn¬ IW°psNbvXv DZmlcW PmXIØnse {Klß fpsS jUv_ew
I- n´p ≈Xv.
2. Znhcm{Xn_ew (\tXm∂X_ew) kZm ⁄x ˛ _p[\v F√mbvt∏mgpw
\nin B-c- Cμzp A-knXmx ˛ IpP≥, N{μ≥, i\n F∂nh¿°p cm{Xnbnepw
]tc Znhn ˛ a‰p≈h¿°p (chn, Kpcp, ip{I≥) ]Iepw
(Cu _ew e`n°p∂p)
3. ]£_ew ip¢-]t£ ip`mx ˛ shfpØ ]£-Øn¬ ip`-{K-l-߃°pw,
IrjvtW At\y N ˛ IdpØ ]£-Øn¬ ]m]{K-l-߃°pw
_e-ap- v.
4. h¿j˛amk˛Znhk˛tlmcm[n] _ew \nPA_vZ-am-k-Zn-\-tlmcm ˛ Xß-fpsS h¿jw, amkw, Znh-kw, tlmc
F∂-nh-I-fnepw (h¿jm-[n-]≥,amkm-[n-]≥,
Znh-km-[n-]≥, tlmcm-[n-]≥ F∂n-h¿°pw)
Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬ ˛ ]mZ-{I-a-Øn¬ (Ime-_-e-ap-- v.)
_ew: h¿jm-[n-]≥
amkm-[n-]≥
Znh-km-[n-]≥
tlmcm-[n-]≥
1/4
1/2
3/4 1
15 30 45 60 jjvSywiw:
{Kl_ew IW°m°p∂Xv. cq]bnemWv (60 jjvSywiw = 1 cq])
(2)
cmIm-N-{μky tNjvSm-_-e-ap-Z-K-bt\
`mkztXm h{I-Km\mw
bpt≤ tNmZ-Ivÿn-Xm\mw kv^pS-_-lp-e-cpNmw
tkzm®-ho-cyw kzXpwtK
ZnKzocyw tJ f ¿°-`uau kplrZn iin-knXu
hnZvKpcq e·-Ku- tN˛
∑tμ f kvtX bmayam¿t§ _p[-i-\n-i-int\m f ˛ t\y f b-\mtJy ]c-kvan≥.
5. tNjvSm_ew 1. cmIm N-{μky ˛ N{μ\p shfpØhmhn\pw,
2. DZ-K-bt\ `mkztXm ˛ kqcy-\v DØcm-bWØnepw,
3. h{I-Km\mw ˛ a‰p {Kl-߃°p h{I-Ønepw,
73
4. bpt≤ DZ-Iv ÿn-Xm\mw ˛ {Kl-bp-≤-Øn¬ hS-°p-≈-hbv°pw,
5. kv^pS-_-lp-e-cpNnw ˛ ip≤civanIƒ A[nIw D≈ {Kl߃v°pw
(tNjvSm-_-e-ap-- v.)
kqcys‚ tNjvSm_ew Ab\_eØnepw N{μs‚ tNjvSm _ew ]£_e
Ønhpw A¥¿§XamWv. IpP≥, _p[≥, hymgw, ip{I≥, i\n F∂o Xmcm{Kl߃°p
tNjvSm_ew hcp∂Xv h{IKXnbn emWv. C∂sØ coXn A\pkcn®v ]£_ew, Ab\
_ew, bp≤ _ew F∂nh Ime_eØnepw h{I_ew tNjvSm_eØnepw hcp∂p.
6. D®-_ew tkzm®-ho-cyw kzXpwtK -˛ kz¥w D®-cm-in-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-Øn\v
D®-_ew D- v.
7. ZnKv_ew tJ A¿°-`uau ˛ ]Øn¬ kqcy\pw IpP-\pw
kplrZn iin-knXu ˛ \men¬ N{μ\pw ip{I\pw
hnZvKpcq e·-Ku- ˛ e·-Øn¬ _p[\pw Kpcphpw
atμm AkvtX ˛ Ggn¬ i\n°pw
ZnKzocyw ˛ ZnIv_ew (D- v.)
ZnKv_ew: `mhw 10 4 1 7
{Klw cIp Nip _pKp a
8. Ab-\-_ew bmayam¿t§ ˛ Z£n-Wm-b-\-Øn¬
_p[-i-\n-i-int\m ˛ _p[\pw -i-\nbpw N{μ\pw,
At\yAb-\mtJy ˛ D-Ø-cm-b-\-Øn-¬
]c-kvan≥ ˛ a‰p{Kl-߃°pw (c,Ip,Kp,ip)
Ab-\-_-e-ap-- v.
(3)
tkzm®- kz¿£- kp-lr-ZvKrtljp _en\x
jSvkp kzh¿t§jp hm
t{]m‡w ÿm\-_ew NXp-jvS-b-ap-JmXv
]q¿Æm¿≤]mZmx {Iam¬
a≤ym-Zy-¥K jWvU-a¿Xy-h-\nXmx tJSm
_enjvTmx {IamXv
aμm-c-⁄-Kp-cq-it\m f _vPc-htbm
ss\tP _te h¿≤\mx.
74
9. ÿm\ _ew tkzm®w- ˛ kz¥w D®cmin,
kz¿£w -˛ kzt£-{Xw,
kp-lrZv Kr-tljp ˛ an{X-t£-{X-w
_en\xjSvkpkzh¿t§jp ˛ jUz¿§Ønse
kzh¿§-߃ (Chbn¬)
t{]m‡w ÿm\-_ew ˛ ÿm\-_ew ]d-bp∂p.
10. tI{μ_ew NXp-jvS-b-ap-Jm¬ ˛ tIμw XpSßnbhbv°p
]q¿Æm¿≤]mZmx {Iam¬ ˛ ]q¿Æw, A¿≤w, ]mZw
F∂ {IaØn¬ _ewIn´p∂p.
tI{μØn¬ (1-˛4-˛7-˛10) ]q¿Æ-_ehpw,
]W-]cØn¬ (2˛5-˛8-˛11) ]IpXn-_ehpw,
Bt]m¢naØn¬ (3-˛6-˛9-˛12) Im¬_ehpw
ÿnXn A\p-k-cn®v {Kl-߃°p ÿm\-_ew In´pw.
11. t{Z°mW_ew a≤yB-ZyA-¥K ˛ (cmin-bpsS) a≤y B-Zy
A-¥y `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂m¬
jWvU- tJSm _enjvTm ˛ \]pw-k-I
a¿Xy ˛ ]pcpj
h-\nXm ˛ kv{Xo {Kl-߃
_e-ap-≈-h-bm-Ip-∂p.
a≤yw BZyw A¥yw \]pwk ]pcpj kv{Xo (tlmc 2˛6)
_p, a c, Ip, Kp N, ip (DZmlcWw 5(5) )
ss\k¿§nI_ew
aμm- Bc- ⁄- Kp-cp D-it\m A_vP- c-htbm
˛ i\n, IpP≥, _p[≥, Kpcp, ip{I≥, N{μ≥, kqcy≥ F∂o {Kl߃°v
ss\tP _te h¿≤-\m ˛ (Cu) {Ia-Øn-¬ \nk¿§-_ew h¿≤n®p hcp-∂-p.
\nk¿§_ew: {Klw a Ip _p Kp ip N c
_ew 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(_ew G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kqcy\v, G‰hpw Ipd-hv i\n°v)
(4)
h{Iw KtXm cpNn-ccivan kaq-l-]q¿tÆm
\o-Nmcn`mwi-k-ln-tXm f ]n `th-’- tJSx
hocym-\znX-kvXp-ln-\-c-ivan-cn-thm-®-an-{X˛
kzt£-{X-tKm f]n hn_tem lX-Zo-[n-Xn-t›Xv.
75
13. h{I-_-ehpw civan-_-ehpw
(1) Hcp {Klw \n¬°p∂X-v ˛˛
h{IwKtXm - ˛ h{I-Øntem
cpNn-c-civankaq-l-]q¿tÆm -˛ ]q¿Æ-c-ivan-I-tfm-sStbm BsW-¶n¬,
\o-Nmcn`mwi-k-ln-tXm A]n ˛ (AXp) \oN-t£-{X-Øntem, i{Xp-t£-{X
-Øntem (CuAwißfntem)
Bbncp∂mepw
tJSx ˛ B {Klw
hocym\znX `th-Xv ˛ _e-ap≈Xmbncn-°pw.
(2) Hcp {Klw˛˛
Xp-ln-\-c-ivan-x Ch ˛ (IdpØ ]£Ønse) N{μs\t∏mse
lX-Zo-[n-Xn-x tNXv ˛ ad™ civantbmSp IqSnbXm sW¶n¬
D-®-an-{Xkzt£-{XKx A-]n ˛ (AXv) D®-Øntem an{X-t£-{X-Øntem
kzt£-{X-Øntem \n∂mepw
hn_eo ˛ Zp¿∫e\mbncn°pw.
(5)
XpwKÿm _en-t\m f - Jn-em›
iin\x «mLyw ln ]t£m-Zv`hw
`mt\m¿±n-Kv_-e-am-l- h-{I-K-at\
Xmcm-{K-lmWmw _ew
I¿Iyp£mP-L-Sm-fn-tKm- f ln-˛
c-_-emt¥ym-£m-izn-]m-›m-XyKx
tIXp-kvX-Xv]-cn-th-j[\zkp- _eo
- tN-μz¿°-tbmtK \nin.
14. {Kl_ew (s]mXpsh) 1. XpwKÿm _en-\x A-Jn-emx -˛ D®-Øn¬ F√m {Kl-ßfpw _ehm∑-mWv.
2. iin\x«mLyw ]t£m-¤hw ˛ N{μ\p ]£-_-ehpw
`mt\mx ZnKv_-ew ˛ kqcy\p ZnKv_-ehpw
Xmcm-{K-lmWmw _ew h-{I-K-at\ a‰p {Kl-߃°p h{I_ehpw
({][m\amWv.)
3. Aln ˛ cmlp
I¿°n D£ AP- L-S Afn -tKm- ˛ I¿°Sw, CShw, taSw, Ipw`w hr›nIw
cminIfnepw
tIXpx ˛ tIXp
A_-e A¥y- D£ Aizn- ]m-›m-XyKx ˛ I∂n, ao\w, CShw,
[\p c- mw]IpXn Chbnepw
]-cn-th-j [\zkp- -tN-μz¿°-tbmtK \nin.*
76
˛ ]cn-th-j-w, C{μ[\p v F∂o kqcytbmKßfpsS IqsSbpw
_eo ˛ _eap≈hcmIp∂p
* Cμp, \nin F∂o c- p hm°pIƒ Cu X¿÷abv°v B[mcamb \mep hymJym\
ßfnepw hniZoIcn®p ImWp∂n√. ]cn-th-j-w XpSßnb A©v (D]) {KlßfpsS
KWnXw A≤ymbw 25˛¬ hcp∂p- v.
(6)
cq]w am\p-j-t` f fn-t` f w-{Ln-c-]-tc-jz¿≤w _ew kymØt\m˛
kvXpeyw kzman-_-te\ tNm]-N-btK \mtY f Xn-ho-tcym¬°Sw
kzmao-Uy-⁄-bp-tX-£ntX Ihn-bptX Nmss\y-c-bp-t‡-£ntX
i¿h-cym-∂n-in(1)- cm-i-tbm- f l\n ]tc hocym-\znXmx Io¿Øn-Xmx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: i¿hcymw iin..
15. e·-_ew 1. cq]w am\p-j-t` ˛ a\p-jy-cm-in-Iƒ (anYp-\w, I∂n, Xpemw,
Ipw`w, [\p BZy]-IpXn) e·-am-bm¬
B e·Øn\p ]q¿Æ-_-ehpw
Afnt` Aw{Ln ˛ hr›nIambm¬ Im¬_-ehpw
]tcjp A¿≤w ˛ a‰p-≈hbmbm¬ ]IpXn _ehpw e`n°pw.
2. . Xpeyw kzman-_-te\ ˛ e·Øns‚ _ew e·m[n]s‚ _eØn\p
Xpeyambncn°pw. (e·m[n]\p
_eans√¶n¬
e·hpw Zp¿∫eambncn°pw.)
D]-N-btK \mtY AXn-ho-tcym¬°Sw ˛ e·m[n]≥ \n¬°p∂Xv D]Nbÿm\ßfn¬
(3˛6˛10˛11) BsW¶n¬ e·Øns‚ _ew
hfsc h¿≤n°pIbpw sNøpw.
3. Ass\y-c-bp-t‡-£ntX ˛ a‰p≈hbpsS ÿnXntbm ZrjvSntbm C√msX
kzmao-Uy-⁄-bp-tX-£ntX Ihn-bptX˛ e·m[n]t\m hymgtam _p[t\m ip{It\m
e·Øn¬ \n¬°pItbm e·Øntebv°p
t\m°pItbm sNbvXmepw e·w _eap≈
Xmbncn°pw
4. i¿h-cym -\n-in-cm-i-tbm- ˛ cm{Xnbn¬ cm{XncminIƒ (A.1, t«m. 8)
e·ambmepw
Al\n ]tc hocym-\znXmx Io¿Øn-Xmx.˛ ]I¬kabØv ]I¬cminIƒ e·
ambmepw B e·w _eap≈Xmbncn°pw.
(7)
tkzmt® ]q¿Æw kz{Xn-tImtW {Xn]mZw
kzt£-t{X f ¿≤w an{Xt` ]mZ-tah
ZznSvt£-t{X f ¬∏w \oN-tK f kvXw-K-tX f ]n
t£{Xw hocyw \njv^ew kymZv{Klm-Wmw.
77
16. ÿm\_e{Iaw {Kl߃ D®w. kzt£{Xw XpSßnbhbn¬ \n∂m¬ In´p∂ _ew:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ÿnXn D®w aqe-{Xn-. kz an{X- i{Xp- \oNw auVyw
_ew ]q¿Æ-w ap°m¬ ]IpXn Im¬ A¬∏w _e-an-√. _e-an-√.
(8)
tIt{μ -{K-lm-Wm-ap-ZnXw ^ew bXv
kptJ \`-ky-kvX-Krtl hnet·
D]-cyp-]-cyp-‡-]-Z-{I-taW -
_em`n-hr≤nw ln hnI-ev]-b-¥n.
17. tI{μ_e{Iaw tIt{μ -{K-lm-Wmw
˛ tI{μØn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ {Kl߃°p In´p∂ -ÿm\_ew
kptJ \`kn AkvX hne·
4, 10-, 7-, 1 ˛ `mhßfn¬
1/4 1/ 2 3/4 ]q¿Æw ˛ Cu {IaØn¬
D]-cn D]-cn D‡- ]-Z-{I-taW -_em`n-hr≤nw ˛ h¿≤n®ph¿≤n®p hcpw.
18. Zr-jvSn _e{Iaw (9)
t{ijvtTXn km k]vX-a-Zr-jvSn-tch
k¿h{X hmNym \ XYm f \y-ZrjvSnx
tbmKm-Znjp \yq\-^-e-{]-tZXn
hnti-j-Zr-jvSn¿\ Xp(1) ssI›n-Zp-‡m.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ \\p.
ZrjvSn_ew {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn_ew IW°m°p∂Xn\v --˛˛
1. t{ijvtTXn km k]vX-a-Zr-jvSnx- Gh
-˛ Ggn-te-bv°p≈ ZrjvSn-am{XamWv t{ijvTambn´p≈Xv;
\ XYm A\y-ZrjvSnx
˛ a‰p ZrjvSn-Iƒ (hntijZrjvSnIfpw ]mZZrjvSnIfpw) -AXn\p kaw hcn√
. k¿h{X hmNym ˛ (F∂v) F√m-bn-SØpw ]d-b-s∏-´n-´p-- v.
3. tbmKm-Znjp \yq\-^-e-{]-tZXn hnti-j-Zr-jvSn
˛ tbmKmZnIfn¬ hnti-j-Zr-jvSn°p \yq\^eamWv.
\ Xp (\\p) ssI›n-Zp-‡m.
˛ As√∂p ]dbp∂hcpw D- v.
78
Kl_ew IW°m°p∂Xn\p≈ ZrjvSn_eØn\v Ggntebv°p≈, Ggn¬ \n∂p
ap≈, ZrjvSnam{Xw FSpØm¬ aXn. tbmKmZn hnjbßfn¬ hntijZrjvSn XpSßnbh
FSp°Wtam F∂ ImcyØn¬ A`n]mbhyXymkap- p Xm\pw.
(10)
ss\k¿KnIw i{Xp-kp-lr-Xz-tah
`thXv {]amWw ^e-Imcn kayIv
XmXvIm-enIw Imcy-h-ti\ hmNyw
X—-{Xp-an-{X-Xz-a-\n-Xy-ta-h.
19. h¿§_ew ss\k¿KnIw i{Xp-kp-lr-Xz-tah... ˛ \nk¿§i-{Xp-an-{XXzw am{Xta (km[mcW)
{K-l_eNn¥bn¬ {]k-‡-am-bp-≈q.
XmXvIm-enIw Imcy-h-ti\ hmNyw ˛ X¬°m-e-i-{Xp-an-{XXzw Imcyhim¬
]d™XmWv- / ]dtbWv SXmWv.
X—-{Xp-an-{X-Xz-a-\n-Xy-ta-h ˛ B (X¬°me) i{Xpan{XXzw A\nXyamWv.
(ImcWw Ah Hmtcm PmXIØnepw amdn
amdn hcp∂p.)
(11)
\nt»jtZmj-l-ctW ip`-h¿≤t\ N
hocyw Kptcm-c-[nIa-kvXy-Jn-e-{K-tl`yx
XZzo-cy-]m-Z-Zfi‡n-`rXu ⁄ip{Iu
Nm{μw _e¥p \nJn-e-{K-l-ho-cy_o-Pw.
20. ip`_e{Iaw \nt»jtZmj-l-ctW ˛ k¿h-tZm-j-ßfpw \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw
ip`-h¿≤t\ N ˛ ip`-^ew h¿≤n∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw
AJn-e-{K-tl`yx ˛ F√m (ip`) {Klßfnepw sh®v
hocyw Kptcm-x A[nIakvXn ˛ hymgØn\v A[nIw (ip`)_eap- v.
XZzo-cy-]m-Z-Zfi‡n-`rXu ⁄ip{Iu ˛ Kpcphns‚ ip`_eØns‚ Im¬_ew
_p[\pw, ]IpXn_ew ip{I\pw D- v.
Nm{μw _e¥p \nJn-e-{K-l-ho-cy_o-Pw˛ F√m {Kl-ß-fp-sSbpw _e-Øns‚
ASnÿm-\w N{μs‚ _eamWv.
21. N{μ-{In-b, N{μmhÿ, N{μ-th-f
(12)
P∑¿£-hn-L-Sow \ossX¿
⁄m\mw-ssK¿\\-ssb¿`-tPXv
e_v[m-›-{μ-{In-bm-hÿm˛
thfm-Jym-kvXXv^ew {IamXv.
P∑¿£-hn-L-Sow ˛ P∑-\-£-{X-hn-\m-gn-Isb,
\ossXx ˛ 06 (60)
79
⁄m\mw-ssKx ˛ 003 (300)
\\ssb ˛ 001 (100)
Ch-sIm-- v, AXm-b-Xv, P\n® \£-{X-Øn¬ Ign-™p-t]mb \mgn-I-hn-\m-gn-I-Isf hn-\m-gn-
I- Ifm°n Ahsb 60- 300-˛100 F∂o kwJy-IƒsIm- v lcn-®m¬
e_v[mx ˛ In´p-∂Xv
{IamXv ˛ {IaØn¬
N{μ-{In-b ˛ N{μ-{In-b
A-hÿm ˛ N{μmhÿ
the ˛ N{μ-th-f
B-Jym-x X¬^ew ˛ F∂nh BIp-∂p.
1. 60˛sIm- p lcn®m¬ N{μ{Inb ˛ 60 FÆw
2. 300˛sIm- p lcn®m¬ N{μm{hÿ ˛ 12 FÆw
3. 100˛sIm- p lcn®m¬ N{μthf. ˛ 36 FÆw
(13)
ÿm\mZv {`jvS-kvX-]kzo ]c-bp-h-Xn-c-tXm
ZyqX-IrXv (1) lkvXn-ap-Jym˛
cqVx knwlm-k-\tÿm \c-]-Xn-c-cnlm
ZWvU-t\Xm KpWo N
\njv{]m-W-—n-∂-aq¿≤m £X-I-c-N-ctWm
_‘-\tÿm hn\jvtSm
cmPm thZm-\-[otX kz]nXn kpN-cnXx
kwkvartXm [¿Ω-I¿Øm.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ XkvItcm
(14)
kZzwtiym \n[n-kw-KXx {ipX-Iptem hymJym-]-c-x i{Xplm
tcmKo i{Xp-PnXx kztZ-i-N-entXm `rtXym hn\-jvSm¿∞Ix
Bÿm\o N kpa-{¥Ix ]c-a-lo`¿Øm k`mtcym KP˛
{XkvX-x kwbp-K-`o-Xn-am-\-Xn-`tbm eot\m f ∂-Zm-Xm -f ·n-Kx.
(15)
£pZv_m[m-k-ln-tXm- f ∂-a-Øn- hn-N-c-
∑mwkm-i-t\m- f kv{X-£Xx
tkmZzmtlm [rX-I-μptIm hnl-cXn
ZypssX¿\-rt]m ZpxJnXx
iømtÿm cn]p-tk-hn-X› kkp-lr-
tZymKo(1) N `mcym-\zntXm
arjvSmio N ]bx ]n_≥ kpIr-X-IrXv
kzÿ-kvX-YmkvtX kpJw.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ [ym\o
80
22. N{μ-{Inbm^ew 1. ÿm\-m¬{`jvS ˛ ÿm\w \jvSs∏´h≥
2. X]-kzn ˛ GIm{KXbp≈h≥
3. ]c-bp-h-Xo-c-X ˛ ]c-kv{Xo-cX≥
4. ZyqXIrXv ˛ NqXm´°mc≥
5. lkvXn-ap-Jym-cqV ˛ apJyamb B\-∏pdØv Ccn°p∂h≥
6. knwlm-k-\ÿ ˛ knwlmk\Øn¬ Ccn°p∂h≥
7. \c-]Xn ˛ cmPmhv
8. Acnlm ˛ i{Xp-°sf h[n°p∂h≥
9. ZWvU-t\Xm ˛ in£m-[n-Imcn
10. KpWo ˛ KpW-hm≥
11. \njv{]m-W ˛ Poh\n√mØh≥
12. -On-∂-aq¿≤m ˛ inc ‰h≥.
13. £X-I-c-N-ctWm ˛ ssIIm-ep-I-fn¬ apdnhpIƒ
14. _‘-\tÿm ˛ XShpImc≥
15. hn\jvtSm ˛ \jvSs∏´h≥
16. cmPm ˛ cmPmhv
17. thZm-\-[otX ˛ sshZnIhnZym¿∞n
18. kz]nXn ˛ Ddßp∂h≥, Aek≥
19. kpN-cnXw kwkva-c≥ ˛ kXvI¿Ωw Hm¿°p∂h≥
20 [¿Ω-I¿Øm ˛ [m¿ΩnI≥
21. kZzwtim ˛ \√ hwi-Øn¬ P\\w.
22. \n[n-kw-KX ˛ \n[n- In´nbh≥,
23. {ipX-Item ˛ {]kn≤amb IpeØn¬ P\n®h≥
24. hymJym-]-c ˛ hymJymXmhv
25. - i-{Xplm ˛ i{Xp-°sf \in-∏n-°p-∂-h≥
26. tcmKo ˛ tcmKn
27. i{Xp-PnXx ˛ i{Xp-hn-\m¬ Pbn-°-s∏-´-h≥
28. kztZ-i-N-entXm ˛ kztZiw -hn-´-h≥
29. `rtXym ˛ the-°m-c≥
30. hn\-jvSm¿∞I ˛ [\-sa√mw \jvSambh≥
31. Bÿm\o ˛ cmP-k-Z- n-epp≈h≥
32. kpa-{¥nI ˛ \√ a{¥n- / D]tZjvSmhv
33. ]c-a-lo`¿Øm ˛ a‰p≈hcpsS `qan A[o\Ønep≈h≥
34. k`mtcym ˛ `mcy-tbmSpIqSnbh≥
35. KP{XkvX ˛ B\sb t]Sn-bp≈-h≥
36. - kw-bp-K-`o-Xn-am-\ ˛ bp≤-`ocp
37. A-Xn-`tbm ˛ henb `btØmSp IqSnbh≥
38. eot\m ˛ ad™ncn°p∂h≥
39. A-∂-Zm-Xm- ˛ A∂Zm\w sNøp∂h≥
40. A·n-K ˛ Xobn¬ s]´h≥
41. £pZv_m[m-k-ln-X ˛ hni-∏-p≈h≥
42. A-∂-a-Øn- ˛ A∂w `£n°p-∂-h≥
43. hn-N-c≥ ˛ k©mcn
44. amwkm-i-t\m - ˛ amwkt`mPn
81
45. Akv{X-£X ˛ Bbp[wsIm- p≈ apdnhv
46. tkmZzmtlm ˛ hnhm-lnX≥
47. [rX-I-μptIm ˛ ]¥p [cn®h≥
48. hnl-cXn ZypssXx ˛ NqXp Ifn-°p-∂-h≥
49. \-rt]m ˛ cmPmhv
50. ZpJnX ˛ ZpJn-X≥
51. iømtÿm ˛ InS-°-bn¬ InS°p-∂-h≥
52. cn]p-tk-hn-Xx ˛ i{Xp-°-fm¬ tkhn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
53. kkp-lrZv ˛ kvt\ln-X-cp-≈-h≥
54. tbmKn / [ym\o
55. `mcym-\zntXm ˛ `mcy-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
56. arjvSmio ˛ btYjvSw `£n°p∂h≥
57. ]bx ]n_≥ ˛ ]m¬ IpSn-°p-∂-h≥
58. kpIr-X-IrXv ˛ kpIrXw sNøp-∂h≥
59. kzÿx ˛ BtcmKyhm≥, kzÿ≥
60. BkvtX kpJw ˛ kpJambncn°p∂h≥, k¥pjvS≥
(16)
Bfl-ÿm-\mXv {]hmtkm aln-X-\r-]]Zm˛
k‡Xm {]mW-lm-\n¿˛
`q]meXzw kzhw-tim-Nn-X-Kp-W-\n-ctXm
tcmK Bÿm-\-KXzw
`oXnx £pZv_m-[n-XXzw bph-Xn-]-cn-Wtbm
cay-i-øm-\p-j‡nw
arjvSminXzw N KoXm CXn \nb-a-h-imXv
k¤n-cn-tμm-c-h-ÿm.
23. N{μm-hÿm^ew 1. Bflÿm\mXv {]hmtkm ˛ kz¥w hoSp hn´p≈ hmkw
(A\ytZihmkw)
2. aln-X-\r-]]Z Bk‡Xm ˛ cmP-]-Zhn°p tamln°p∂h≥
3. {]mW-lm-\n ˛ acWw
4. `q]meXzw ˛ cmPXzw
5. kzhw-tim-Nn-X-Kp-W-\n-cX ˛ kz¥w hwi-Øn\v DNn-X-amb KpWßfn¬
\ncX≥
6. tcmKw
7. Bÿm-\-KXzw ˛ cmP-k-Z- n¬ ÿm\w
8. `oXnx ˛ `bw
9. £p¬_m-[n-XXzw ˛ hni∏p _m[n®h≥
10. bph-Xn-]-cn-Wtbm ˛ bphXnsb hnhmlw sNbvXh≥
11. cay-i-øm-\p-j‡nw ˛ cayamb InSbv°tbmSv {]XyICjvSw
12. arjvSminXzw ˛ `£WkpJw
82
(17)
aq¿≤m-atbm apZn-XXm bP\w kpJtÿm
t\{Xm-abx kpJn-XXm h\n-Xm-hn-lmcx
D{K-Pzcx I\-I-`q-j-W-a-{ip-tam£x
t£zfm-i-\w \n[p-h\w PT-cky tcmKx.
(18)
{IoUmPte lk\Nn{X-hn-te-Jt\ N
t{Im[› \rØ-I-cWw LrX-`p‡n\nt{Z(1)
Km\-{Inbm(2) Zi-\-cpIv Ielx {]bm-W˛
ap∑-Ø-XmY (N) ken-em-π-h\w hntcm[x.
]mT-t`Zw ˛ (1) [rX-`p‡n\nt{Z (2) Zm\-{Inbm
(19)
tkz—m-ÿm\w £pZv`bw imkv{X-em`w
sskzcw tKmjvTo tbm[\w ]pWy-I¿Ω
]m]mNmcx {Iqc-I¿Ωm -{]-l¿jx
{]mss⁄tchw N{μ-thfmx {]ZnjvSmx
24. N{μ-th-fm-^ew 1 aq¿≤m-atbm ˛ intcm-tcmKw
2 apZn-XXm ˛ kt¥mjw
3 bP\w ˛ bmK-I¿Ωw
4 kpJÿm ˛ kpJ-am-bn-(kzÿambn)cn-°p∂h≥
5 t\{Xm-abx ˛ t\{X-tcmKw
6 kpJ-XXm ˛ kpJmhÿ
7 h\n-Xm-hn-lmcx ˛ kv{Xo hnt\mZw
8 D{K-Pzc ˛ ISpØ ]\n
9 I\-I-`q-j-W- ˛ kz¿Æm- -c-W-߃
10 A-{ip-tam£ ˛ IÆo¿ {]hmlw
11 t£zfm-i-\w ˛ hnjw Ign-°pI
12 \n[-ph\w ˛ kvXo_‘w
13 PT-cky tcmK ˛ DZ-c-tcmKw
14 {IoUm Pte ˛ Pe{IoU (bpw)
lk\Nn{X-hn-te-Jt\ N ˛ Nncnbpw Nn{Xwhcbpw
15 t{Im[w ˛ tZzjyw
16 \rØ-I-cWw ˛ \rØw
17 LrX-`p‡n ˛ s\bv `£Ww
18 \n{Z ˛ Dd°w
19 Km\-{Inb ˛ ]m´p-]m-S¬
20 Zi-\-cpIv ˛ Z¥tcmKw
21 Ielw
22 {]bm-Ww ˛ bm{X
23 D∑-Ø-X ˛ {`m¥v / elcn
24 ken-em-π-h\w ˛ \o¥¬
25 hntcm[w
83
26 tkz—m-ÿm\w ˛ CjvS-ÿm\w
27 £pØv ˛ hni∏v
28. `bw
29 imkv{X-em` ˛ imkv{X-]T\w
30 sskzcw ˛ sskzcw, btYjvSw
31 tKmjvTo ˛ k`
32. tbm[\w ˛ bp≤w
33 ]pWy-I¿Ωw
34 ]m]-Nmcw ˛ ]m]I¿Ωw
35 {Iqc-≥
36 -{]-l¿jw ˛ hen-b kt¥mjw
{]mss⁄x Ghw N{μ-thfmx {]ZnjvSmx
˛ ]finXcm¬ N{μthfm^ew Cßs\ ]dbs∏´ncn°p∂p.
]Zw apdn°p∂ ImcyØn¬ hymJym\ßfn¬ Bib°pg∏w ImWp- v. AXns‚
^eambn ]ebnSØpw A¿∞hpw amdp∂p- v. DZm: (1) £pZv`bw. (2) {IoUmPte
lk\Nn{X-hn-te-Jt\ N.
DZmlcWPmXIw: 1. \£{XKXw (\mfn¬ sN∂ \mgnI) : 46˛30
2. \mgnIIsf hn\mgnIIfm°ptºmƒ : 2790
3. N{μ{Inb (60 sIm- p lcn°pI) : 46.5 = 47. [rXIμpIw
4. N{μmhÿ (300 sIm- p lcn°pI) : 9.3 = 10. bphXo]cWbw
5. N{μthe (100 sIm- p lcn°pI) : 27.9 = 28. £p¤bw.
(20)
PmXtI N aplq¿tØ N {]ivt\ N{μ{In-bm-Zbx
kay-Iv^-e{]ZmkvX-kvam-Zzn-ti-tjW hnNn-¥-tb-Xv.
25. N{μ{Inb apXembhbpsS ta∑-
PmXtI N aplq¿tØ N {]ivt\
˛ Pm-X-I-Ønepw aplq¿Ø-Ønepw {]iv\-Ønepw
N{μ-{InbmZbx
˛ N{μ-{Inb apX-em-bh
kay-Iv^-e{]Zmx
˛ icn--bmb ^ew Xcp-∂hbmWv.
X-kvam-Xv hnti-tjW hnNn-¥-tbXv
˛ A-Xp-sIm- v Ah hnti-j-ambpw Nn¥n°-Ww.
(21)
]t£m-¤hw lna-I-cky hnin-jvSamlpx
ÿmt\m-¤-h¥p _e-a-`y(]y-)[nIw ]tcjmw
84
X’w-{]-bp-‡-an-X-ssc-c-[n-Im-[nIw kym˛
Z\ym\n tX\ kZr-im\n _lq\n tNXv (tX) kypx.
26. {][m\_e߃
lnaIcky ]t£m-¤hw hnin-jvS-amlp
˛ N{μ\p ]£-_ew hnin-jvS-am-Wv.
ÿmt\m-¤-hw _e-a-]n A-[nIw ]tcjmw
˛ a‰p {Kl߃°p ÿm\-_-ew {][m\w.
X’w-{]-bp-‡-an-X-ssc- A[n-Im-[nIw
˛ (ChbpsSIqsS) a‰p_e߃IqSn tNcptºmƒ {Kl-Øns‚ _ew A[nIcn
°p-∂p.
A\ym\n tX\ kZrim\n _lq\n
˛ CØcw _e-ß-fm-Is´ At\-I-ap-- pXm-\pw.
(22)
km¿≤m-\n- jSv Xo£vW-Itcm _eobm≥
N{μkvXp jSv ]© hkp-‘-cmPx
k]vtX-μp-kqt\m chn-hXv KptcmkvXp
km¿≤m\n ]©mY kntXm _eo kymXv.
(23)
aμkvXp ]ss©h ln jSv_-em\mw
kwtbmK Ghm]cYm-([m)\yYm kypx
Ghw {KlmWmw kz_em_em\n
hnNn¥y kayIv IY-tbXv ^em-\n.
27. ^eZm\Øn\v Hmtcm {KlØn\pw
AXymhiyw D- mbncnt°- _ew: 1. kA¿≤m-\n- jSv Xo£vW-Itcm _eobm≥ ˛ kqcy\v _e-]n-WvUw Bd-c,
2. N{μx Xp jSv ˛ N{μ\v Bdv,
3. ]© hkp-‘-cmPx ˛ A©p IpP-\v.
4. k]vX - Cμp-kqt\m ˛ Ggv _p[-\v.
5. chn-hXv KptcmkvXp ˛ kqcy-s\-t∏mseKpcp-hn\v
6. km¿≤m\n ]© kntXm ˛ A©c ip{I\v,
7. aμkvXp ]ss©h ˛ i\n°v A©v,
jUv_eNn¥bn¬ {Kl߃°v Cßs\ _ew In´p∂ns√¶n¬ Ah Zp¿∫eßfmWv.
Ghw {KlmWmw kz_em_em\n hnNn¥y kayIv IY-tbXv ^em-\n -
˛ Cßs\ {KlßfpsS _em_e߃ Nn¥n®p thWw ^e߃ ]dbphm≥.
^eZm\Øn\v Hmtcm {KlØn\pw AXymhiyw D- mbncnt°- _ew:
chn N{μ≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n
6 1/2
6 5 7 6 1/2
5 1/2
5
85
(24)
e·mZnIm\ma[n-]ky ]nWvtU
cq]m-\zntX XXv_-e-]n-WvU-amlpx
{Klky bkymw Znin ZnKv_ew kym˛
ØZv`m-h-hocyw kl-tX f ky ZrjvSym.
28. `mhm[n]_ew 1. e·mZnIm\ma[n-]ky ]nWvtU
˛ e·w XpSßnb `mhßfpsS \mY∑-mcpsS _e]nfiw
cq]m-\zntX XXv _-e-]n-fi-amlpx
˛ ]{¥- v (c˛2 ]˛1 = 12) Ds- ¶n¬ AXp ]q¿Æ_eap≈Xmbn.
2. {Klky bkymw Znin ZnKv_ew kymXv
˛ Hcp {KlØn\v ZnKv_eap≈ `mhØntebv°v
Aky ZrjvSym XZv`m-h-hocyw (k)l-tX
˛ AXns‚ ZrjvSn hcp∂Xv B `mhØns‚ _esØ \in∏n°p∂p.
DZmlcWPmXIØnse {KlßfpsS jUv_ew
N{μ≥ kqcy≥ _p[≥ ip{I≥ IpP≥ Kpcp i\n
10.07 8.31 8.85 5.57 7.59 4.75 7.50
DZmlcWklnXw jUv_eKWnXØn\v A\p_‘w 2 ImWpI.
86
A≤ymbw 5
I¿Ω-mPo-h-{]-I-cWw (hcpam\am¿§w, sXmgn¬, Poht\m]mbw XpSßnbh)
(1)
A¿∞m]vXnw IY-tb-Zzn-e-·-i-int\mx
{]m_-eyXx tJNsscx
I¿Ωssÿx ]nXr-amXrim{X-h-kp-lr-Zv˛
{`m-{Xm-Zn`nx kv{XoP-\mXv (1)
`rXymZzm Zn\-\m-Y-e-·i-in\mw
at≤y _eo-bmw-kvXXx
I¿tΩiÿ \hmwicmin]himZv˛
hrØnw PKp-kvX-ZznZx.
]mTt`Zw (1) kv{Xo[-\mXv
1. [\mKaw Nn¥nt°- hn[w hne-· i-int\m ˛ e·w, N{μ≥ Chbn¬
{]m_-eyX ˛ _ew A[nIw D≈Xns‚
I¿Ωssÿx tJNssc ˛ ]Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂ {KlsØs°m- v
A¿∞m]vXnw IY-tb-Xv ˛ [\-e_v[nsb ]d-bWw.
2. [\mKaw Bcp hgn°v ? ]nXr- amXr im{X-h ....-
]Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ [\hchn\p ImcW
(_etadp∂) {Klw amIp∂ _‘p kqcy-≥ ˛ ]nXr ˛ A—≥
N{μ-≥ amXr ˛ AΩ
IpP-≥ im{X-h ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ
_p[-≥ - kp-lr-Zv ˛ kplr-Øp°ƒ
hymgw {`m{Xm-Zn`n ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑mcm¬,
ip{I-≥ kv{XoP-\m¬ ˛ kv{XoI-fm¬,
i\n- `rXymZzm ˛ the-°mcm¬.
87
3. sXmgn¬ I¿tΩiÿ....
Zn\-\m-Y- e-· -i-in\mw at≤y ˛ kqcy≥, e·w, N{μ≥ Ch-cn¬,
_eo-bmw-kvXXx ˛ _e-ap-≈Xns‚
I¿tΩiÿ ˛ ]Ømw `mhm-[n-]s‚
\hmwicmin]himXv ˛ \hmw-i-Øns‚ \mYs\s°m- v
hrØnw PKp-x X-Zv hnZx ˛ hr-Ønsb (I¿Ω-sØ) ]d-b-Ww.
kqcy≥, e·w, N{μ≥ Ch-cn¬ _e-ap-≈Xns‚ ]Ømw`mhm-[n-]s‚
\hmw-i-Øns‚ \mYs\s°m- v I¿Ω-sØ ]d-b-Ww.
(2)
^e-{Zp-ssa¿a-{¥-_-sse (1) › imTym¬
ZypXm-\rssXx Iw_-f-t`-j-PmssZyx
[mXp-{I-bmZzm £nXn-]m-e-]qtPym(2)
Poh-Xyku ]¶-P-h-√-`mw-ti.
]mT-t`-Zw ˛ (1) Pss]›. (2) ]qPymXv
]Ømw`mhm[ns‚ \hmw-im-[n-]Xn˛˛ 1. ]¶-P-h-√-`mw-ti -˛ kqcy\mbncp∂m¬
^e-{Zp-ssax ˛ ^e-hr-£-߃
a-{¥-_-ssex ˛ a{¥-߃
imTym¬ ˛ imTyw
ZyqXmXv ˛ NqXp-Ifn
A-\rssX ˛ AkXyw
Iw_-f t`-j-P BssZy ˛ Iºnfn, acp∂v XpS-ßn-bh
[mXp-{I-bmXv ˛ [mXp-hn¬∏\
£nXn-]m-e-]qP ˛ cmP-tkh
Poh-Xyku ˛ ChsIm- v Pohn°pw.
˛˛ ]Ømw`mhØns‚ \hmw-im-[n-]Xn kqcy-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ ta¬∏d™hbpambn
_‘s∏´ sXmgnepIsfSpØv Pohn°pw.
]Ømw`mhm-[n-]s‚ \hmw-im[n]≥ kqcy\mbncp∂m¬, kqcys‚ Ahÿ
(A\pIqew/{]XnIqew, ^eZm\tijn ({Kl_ew, `mh_ew) A\pkcn®v NqXpIf
napX¬ cmPtkhhsc, hnhn[amb, \√Xpw NoØ bpamb, I¿Ω߃sIm- v Pohnt°
- Xmbn hcpw F∂mWv ChnsS ]dbp∂Xv. CXpt]mse a‰p {KlßfpsS ImcIXz
ßfpw kμ¿`w A\pkcn®v Xmsg ]dbpw{]Imcw HcmfpsS D]Poh\am¿§ambn hcpw.
Cu am¿§tcJIƒ sh®v, kμ¿`m\pkcWw, Dulmt]ml߃ hgn, HcmfpsS sXmgn¬,
Hcmƒ°p tbmPn® sXmgn¬, Is- ØWw.
(3)
Ptem-¤-hm\mw {Ib-hn-{I-tbW
Irjn-{In-bm-tKm-a-ln-jo-k-apss∞x
Xo¿∞m-S-\mZzm h\n-Xm-{i-bmZzm
\nim-I-cmwti hk-\-{I-bm-Zzm.
88
2. \nim-I-cmwti ˛ N{μ\m-bn-cp-∂m¬
Ptem-¤-hm\mw {Ib-hn-{I-tbW ˛ sh≈-Øn¬\n∂p In´p-∂-hbpsS
(apØv apXembhbpsS)
hym]m-cw-
Irjn-{In-bm ˛ Irjn
- tKm- a-ln-jo -k-apss∞x ˛ ]ip, Fcpa F∂n-h
Xo¿∞m-S-\mXv ˛ Xo¿∞m-S-\w
h\n-Xm-{i-bmXv ˛ kv{XoIsf B{i-bn®v
hk-\-{I-bm-Xv ˛ hkv{X-hym-]m-cw
XpSßnbhsIm- v
Poh-Xyku ˛ Pohn°pw. .
(4)
`uamw-itI [mXp-c-W-{]-lm-ssc¿˛
Ωlm-\-kmZv `qan-h-imXv kph¿ÆmXv
]tcm-]-Xm]mbp[-km-l-ssk¿hm
tæ—m-{i-bmXv kqN-I-tNm-c-hr-Xym.
3. `uamw-itI ˛ IpP\m-bn-cp-∂m¬
[mXp- ˛ [mXp{Zhy-߃
c-W-{]-lm-sscx ˛ bp≤w, _e-{]-tbmKw apX-em-b-h-
alm-\-kmXv ˛ ASp-°-f-∏-Wn-
`qan-h-imXv ˛ `qan- / `qanbn¬\n∂pap≈ hcpam\w
kph¿ÆmXv ˛ kz¿Æw
]tcm-]-Xm] ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc t{Zmln®v
Bbp-[km-l-sskx ˛ Bbp-[w, kmlkw
tæ—m-{i-bm¬ ˛ tæ—∑msc B{i-bn®v
kqN-I-tNm-c-hr-Xym ˛ Nmc-{]-hr-Øn, Ifhv
Ch-sIm- v Pohn°pw..
(5)
Imhym-K-ssa¿teJ-\(1)-en-]yp-]m-ssb¿˛
tPymXn¿K-W-⁄m-\-h-im-Zv _p-[mwti
]cm¿∞-th-Zm-≤y-b-\m-÷-]m®
]ptcm-ln-X-hym-P-h-imXv {]hr-Ønx.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ teJI
4. _p-[mwti ˛ _p[\m-bn-cp-∂m¬
Imhym-K-ssa ˛ Imhyw, B-K-aw
teJ-\ en-]n D-]m-ssbx ˛ Fgp-Øp]Wn, en]n D]tbmKn®p≈ a‰p tPmenIƒ
tPymXn¿K-W-⁄m-\-h-im-Xv -˛ tPymXn-j⁄m\w
]c A¿∞w- ˛ A\y-cpsS [\w
th-Zm-≤y-b-\mXv ˛ th-Zm-≤y-b-\w
89
P-]mXv N ˛ P]w
]ptcm-ln-X-hym-P-h-im¬ ˛ hym-P]ptcm-ln-X--\mbn´v
{]hr-Ønx ˛ Cu {]h¿Øn-IƒsIm- v Pohn°pw..
(6)
Pohmw-itI `qkp-c-tZ-h-Xm\mw
kam-{i-bmZvv `qan-]-Xn-{]-km-ZmXv
]pcm-W-im-kv{Xm-K-a-\o-Xn-am¿§m˛
≤¿tΩm-]-tZ-ti\ Ipko-Zhr-Øym.
5. Pohmw-itI ˛ hymgam-bn-cp-∂m¬
`qkp-c-tZ-h-Xm\mw kam-{i-bm¬ ˛ {_m“-W-scbpw tZh-∑m-scbpw B{i-bn®v
`qan-]-Xn-{]-km-Zm¬ ˛ cmP{]kmZw
]pcm-W-im-kv{XB-K-a-\o-Xn-am¿§mXv ˛ ]pcm-Ww-, im-kv{Xw, B-K-aw, - \o-Xn-am¿§w
[¿tΩm-]-tZ-ti\ ˛ [¿tΩm-]-tZ-iwsIm- v
Ipko-Zhr-Øym ˛ ]Ww ]en-ibv°p sImSp°¬
ChIƒsIm- v Pohn°pw..
(7)
kv{Xokw-{i-bmZv tKm(1)a-ln-jo-K-Pm-iz˛
kvXucy-{Xn-ssI¿hm -c-P-ssX› Kss‘x
£ncm-Zy-e¶mc-]-So-]-SmssZyx
ip{Imw-isI f amXy-KpssWx Ihn-Xzm¬
1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ tKm C√.
6. ip{Imw-isI ˛ ip{I-\m-bn-cp-∂m¬
kv{Xokw-{i-bmXv ˛ kv{XoIsf B{i-bn®v
tKm a-ln-jo- K-Pw Aizw ˛ ]ip, Fcp-a, B\, Ip-Xnc
Xucy-{Xn-ssIx - ˛ Km\-\r-Ø-hm-Zy-߃
c-P-ssXx ˛ sh≈n,
Kss‘ ˛ Nμ\w, kpK-‘-{Z-hy-߃
£ncm-Zn ˛ ]m¬ XpS-ßn-bh
Aew-Im-c -]-So-]-SmssZyx ˛ hkv{Xm-Zn Ae¶m-c߃
AamXy-KpssWx ˛ Hcp a{¥n°p th- Xmb KpW߃
Ihn-Xzm¬ ˛ Ihn-Xzw-
ChsIm- v Pohn°pw.
(8)
i\yw-itI aqe-^ssex {itaW
t{]ssjyx Jsse¿\o-N-[ss\x Ip[mss\yx
`mtcm-Zz-lmXv Ip’n-X-am-¿-K-hrØym
in¬∏m-Zn-`n¿Zm-cp-a-ssb¿h-[mssZyx
7. i\yw-itI ˛ i\n\m-bn-cp-∂m¬ bpsS AwiIØn¬
aqe-^ssex ˛ Ing-ßp-Ifpw ^e-ßfpw
90
{itaW ˛ ITn\m≤zm\w
t{]ssjyx ˛ Zmky-{]-h¿Øn
Jssex \o-N[ss\ ˛ Zp-jvS-∑m-cpsSbpw \oN-∑m-cp-sSbpw [\w
Ip[mss\yx ˛ NoØ [m\yw
`mtcm-Zz-lmXv ˛ `mcw hln®pw
Ip’n-X-am-¿-K-hrØym ˛ Zp¿am¿§-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®pw
in¬∏m-Zn-`n Zm-cp-a-ssb ˛ ac-wsIm- p≈ in¬∏-ß-ƒ apX-em-b-h-
h-[mssZy ˛ h[-w apX-em-b-h
ChsIm- p Pohn°pw.
(9)
Awtiti _e-h-Xy--b-Xv\-[-\-kw˛
{]m]vXnw _-tem-t\w f - it]
kz¬∏w t{]m‡-^ew `th-Zp-`-bXx
I¿Ω¿£-tZti ^ew
Awi-tkym-‡Zniw htZXv ]Xn-bptX
ZrjvtS kztZti ^ew
kXyss\yx ]c-tZiPw XZ-[n]˛
kymwti- kz-tZti ÿntc.
1. Awtiti _e-h-Xn- Ab-Xv\-[-\-kw{]m]vXnx
˛ Awi-Im-[n-]\v _e-ap-s- -¶n¬ bXv\-an-√msXXs∂ [\-{]m]vXn D- m-Ipw.
Aiwt] _-tem-t\ kz¬∏w t{]m‡-^ew
˛ Awi-Im-[n-]\v _e-an√m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ ]d™ ^ew kz¬∏-ambn-cn-°pw.
2. `th-Zp- -bX ^ew
˛ c- p-{]-Im-c-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂mepw ^e{]m]vXn
I¿Ω¿£-tZti, Awi-tkym-‡ Zniw htZXv
˛ ]Ømw`mhm-[n-]s‚tbm Awi-\m-Ys‚tbm tZiØnembncn°pw D- mhpI.
]XnbptX ZrjvtS kztZti ^ew
˛ Awim-[n-]Xn B AwiØn¬ Ccn-°p-Itbm AXn-tebv°p t\m°p-Itbm
sNbvXm¬ kztZ-i-Øn¬ ^e-ap-- mIpw.
Ass\yx ]c-tZiPw
˛ A\y-{K-l-߃ Ccn-°p-Itbm t\m°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ ]c-tZ-i-Øn¬
Bbn-cn°pw ^ew.
XZ[n]ky Awti- kz-tZti ÿntc
˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]s‚ AwiIw ÿnc-cm-in-bn¬ Bbn-cp-∂mepw kztZ-i-Øn¬
^e-ap-- m-Ipw.
]Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw, ]Ømw`mhm-[n-]s‚ \hmw-i-\mY≥ F∂o {Kl߃
kqNn∏n°mhp∂ [\mKaam¿§ßfmWv apIfn¬ ]d™Xv.
^e-Zo-]nI Fgp-X-s∏-´n´p \q‰m-- p-Iƒ ]eXp Ign-™p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\p-≈n¬
Imcy-ßfpw Hcp-]mSp amdn. sXmgn-ens‚ Imcyw-Xs∂ FSp-°q. F{X-am{Xw hn]p-ehpw
sshhn-≤yhp-am¿∂cwK-amWv AXn∂v. sF.-Sn.-ta-J-e-bn¬Xs∂ hyXy-kvX-amb AkwJyw
sXmgn-ep-I-ƒ ImWmw. F√mw ]Ømw-`m-hw-sh®p I- p]nSn-°-Ww. ]Ømw-`m-hw, ]Ømw-
91
`m-hm[n-]Xn, ]Ømw-`m-h-Øns‚ Imc-I-{K-l-߃, ]Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃, ]Øn-
tebv°p t\m°p∂ {Kl-߃, ]Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmw-iw, e·w ˛ e·m-
[n-]≥ ˛ N{μ≥ Ch-cpsS kzm[o\w, ]Øns\ e·-ambn Nn¥n-®p-sIm-- p≈ `mhm-
¤mhNn¥, ˛ Cßs\ Nn¥n®p Nn¥n®v Bgv∂n-dßn Cdßn t]mtI- nhcpw.
]Ømw`mh-Øns‚ am{X-a-√, F√m `mh-Øn-s‚bpw Imcyw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. \√ _p≤n-
i-‡nbpw Dulm-t]m-l-]SpXzhpw CXn-\m-h-iy-am-Wv.
sXmgnepw hcp-am\hpw ]Øpw ]Xn--s\m∂pw `mh-ß-fn-emWp hcnI F∂p \mw
^e-Zo-]nI H∂mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬]Tn-®XmWv. AXv ChnsS H∂p-IqsS Hm¿Ωn-t°-- Xv
Bh-iy-am-bn h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
]Ømw `mhw
hym]m-cw, Bkv]Zw (ÿm-\w), A`n-am-\w, I¿aw (sXmgn¬), Pbw (Im-cy-km-≤yw),
k¬t]-cv, bmKmZn I¿a-߃, Poh\w (Po-hn-X-am¿§w), BImiw (]Ømw `mhw), BNm-
cw, kXv{]-hr-Øn, \S-Øw, B-⁄m-i-‡n.
]Xns\m∂mw `mhw
em`w, Bbw (h-c-hv), BK-a-\w, B]vXn (e-_v[n), kn≤n (In-´¬), hn`-hw
(kn≤nhn`-hm≥ F∂pw), {]m]vXn, `hw, Io¿Øn, tPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c≥, CSXp sNhn, kmc-
kyw, kt¥mjw, BI¿Æ-\w (tIƒ°¬).
CXn¬\n∂pw sXmgn¬ As√-¶n¬ hcp-am-\-am¿§w ]Ømw`mhw-sIm- pw AXn¬\n-
∂p≈ hcp-am\w AXns‚ [\`mh-amb (c-- mw-`m-h-am-b) ]Xn-s\m∂mw`mhw-sIm- pw
Nn¥n-°-W-sa∂p hcp-∂p. Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßfpw Cu ASn-ÿm-\-
Øn¬Øs∂ thWw Nn¥n-°m≥. F√m `mh-߃ hgn-°p-ap≈ hc-hns‚ BI-ØpI
]Xn-s\m-∂n¬ {]Xn-^-en-°pw.
92
A≤mybw 6
tbmK-߃
(1)
cpN-I-`-{Z-I-lw-k-I-am-fhmx
ki-iIm CXn ]© N Io¿ØnXmx
kz`-h-t\m-®-K-tXjp NXp-jvStb
£nXn-kp-Xm-Znjp Xm≥ {Iatim htZ-Xv.
]©-a-lm-tbm-K-߃ kz`-h-\ D-®- K-tXjp NXp-jvStb
˛ Hcp {Klw \n¬°p-∂Xv kzt£-{X-Øntem D®t£-{X-Øntem Bhp-Ibpw
B cmin tI{μ-ÿm-\w (1-˛4-˛7-˛10) Bhp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
1. cpN-I - ˛ cpN-ItbmKw
2. `-{Z-I -˛ `-{Z-tbmKw
3. lw-k-I ˛ lw-ktbmKw
4. am-fhm ˛ am-fhytbmKw
5. i-iIm ˛ i-itbmKw
CXn ]© ˛ F∂n-ßs\ A©p alm-tbm-K-߃
£nXn-kp-Xm-Znjp ˛ IpP≥ apXemb- A©p {Kl߃°p
{Iaix htZ-Xv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]d-bWw.
]©-a-lm-tbm-K-߃
{Klw ˛ tbmKw 1. IpP≥ ˛ cpNIw
2. _p[≥ ˛ `{ZIw
3. hymgw ˛ lwk-Iw
4 ip{I≥ ˛ am-fhw
5. i\n ˛ iiIw -
(2)
Zo¿Lmtkym _lp-km-l-km-]vXn-hn-`hx iqtcm -f cn-l¥m _eo
K¿hnjvtSm cpNtI {]Xo-X-Kp-W-hm≥ tk\m-]-Xn¿Pn-Xzcx
Bbp-jvam≥ kIp-im-{K-_p-≤n-c-atem hnZz÷\«mLntXm
`qt]m `{Z-I-tbm-K-tPm- f Xn-hn-`-h-›mÿm\tImem-lex.
93
cpN-ItbmK-^ew cpNtI ˛ cpN-ItbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥-
Zo¿Lmtkym ˛ Zo¿L-amb apJw
_lp-km-l-k B]vXn- hn-`h ˛ hfsc kml-kwsNbvXp t\Snb
hn`hßfpp≈-h≥
iqtcm- ˛ iqc≥
Acn-l¥m ˛ i{Xp-°-sf- h[n°p∂-h≥
_eo ˛ _e-ap-≈-h≥
K¿hnjvtSm - ˛ Al-¶mcn
{]Xo-X-Kp-W-hm≥ ˛ KpW-im-en
tk\m-]-Xn ˛ tk\m-]-Xn
Pn-Xzc ˛ Pbn-°p-∂-h≥.
cpNItbmKw IpPs\s°m- p≈ tbmKambXn\m¬ IpPs‚ Imc IXzßfn¬
\√Xmb KpWßfmWv Cu tbmKap≈h¿°p e`n°pI. IpPs‚ _ew tbmK^e
ßtfbpw _m[n°pw. AXmbXv, ]q¿Æ_e aps- ¶nemWv ChnsS ]dbp∂ ^e߃
In´pI. cmPmhn\p cmPtbmKw hcptºmƒ In´p∂sXmcp cmPyamsW¶n¬, ap°ph\p
cmPytbmKw hcptºmƒ In´p∂sXmcp apgpØ a’yw am{Xambncn°pw Fs∂mcp
sNm√p- t√m. AXp{]Imcw kmlNcy߃°pw CXn¬ sNdnbX √mØ Hcp ]¶p- v.
kmμ¿`nIambn ]dbs´, cpN-I-tbm-K-ap-s- -¶n¬ sNmΔm-tZm-j-an-√. ÿm\_eap≈
IpP≥ ^eØn¬ ip`\mIp∂Xp sIm- mWv CXv.
`-{Z-ItbmK^ew `{Z-I-tbm-K-tPm- ˛ `{Z--tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥-
Bbp-jvam≥ ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h≥
Ip-im-{K-_p-≤n ˛ _p≤nam≥
- A-atem ˛ \n¿Ω-e≥
hnZz-÷\«mLntXm ˛ hnZzm-∑m¿ {]iwkn°p-∂-h≥
`qt]m ˛ cmPmhv
AXn-hn-`-h- ˛ hfsc kz-Øp-≈-h≥
Bÿm\tImem-le -˛ cmPkZ pIfn¬ tImemlew
(3)
lwtk kZv`n-c-`n-jvSpXx £nXn-]-Xn-x iw-Jm_vPa’ym-¶pssi
›nss”x ]mZ-I-cm-¶n-Xx -ip-`-h-]p¿ar-jvSm-∂-`pKv[m¿ΩnIx
]pjvSmwtKm [rXn-am≥ [\o kpX-h[q`mKym-\zntXm h¿≤t\m
amfthy kpJ-`pIv kphm-l-\-bim hnZzm≥ {]k-t∂-{μn-bx.
lwktbmK^ew lwtk - ˛ lwk-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kZv`n-x A-`n-jvSpXx ˛ kØp-°-fm¬ kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
£nXn-]-Xn- ˛ cmPmhv
94
iw-J A_vP a’y A¶pssi Nnss”x ˛ iwJv, Xmac, a’yw, A¶piw
(B\-tØm´n) XpS-ßnb kmap{ZnINn”-߃
]mZ- I-c A-¶n-X- ˛ ssIImepIfn¬ AS-bm-f-ambn´p-≈h≥
ip-`-h-]p ˛ kpμc≥
ar-jvSm-∂-`pIv ˛ `-£WkpJap≈h≥
[m¿ΩnI ˛ [¿ΩnjvT≥.-
amf-hy-tbm-K-^ew amfthym ˛ amf-h-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
]pjvSmwtKm ˛ ]pjvSn-bp≈ icoctØmSp IqSnbh≥
[rXn-am≥ ˛ _p≤nam≥, a\ssÿcyap≈h≥
[\o ˛ [\-hm≥
kpX h[q `mKym-\zntXm ˛ a°ƒ, `mcy, `mKyw Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
h¿≤t\m ˛ ta¬§Xn-bp-≈-h≥
kpJ-`pIv ˛ kpJßf\p`hn°p∂h≥
kphm-l-\- ˛ \√ hml\w
bi ˛ bikzn
hnZzm≥ ˛ ]WvUn-X≥
{]k-t∂-{μn-bx ˛ {]k-∂-amb C{μn-b-ß-tfm-Sp Iq-Sn-b-h≥.
(4)
ikvXx -k¿hPss\-x kp-`rXy _e-hm≥ {Kmam-[nt]m hm \rt]m
Zp¿hr-Ø-x ii-tbm-KtPm f \y-h-\nXm hnØm-\znXx kuJy-hm≥
et·-tμzm-c]n tbmK-]-©-I-anZw km{am-Py-kn-≤n-{]Zw
tXtjz-Im-Znjp `mKy-hm≥ \r]-ktam cmPm \rt]-{μm- f [n-Ix.
ii-tbm-K^ew ii-tbm-KP ˛ ii-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
-k¿hPss\ ikvX ˛ k¿h-P-\-ß-fmepw {]iw-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂h≥
- kp-`rXy ˛ \√ `rXycp≈-h≥
_e-hm≥ ˛ i‡n-am≥
{Kmam-[nt]m hm \rt]m ˛ {Kmam-[n-]≥ As√-¶n¬ cmPmhv
Zp¿hr-Ø- ˛ Zpjv{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøp-∂-h≥
A\y-h-\nXm hnØm-\znXx ˛ ]ckv{Xo, ]c[\w Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
kuJy-hm≥ ˛ kpJtØmSpIqSnbh≥.
e·mepw N{μmepw et·-tμm-c]n tbmK-]-©-I-anZw km{am-Py-kn-≤n-{]Zw
˛ e·mtem N{μmtem Cu A©p tbmK-ßfpw D≈h\v km{am-Pyw-Xs∂
e`n-°pw.- (N{Ih¿ØnbmIpw.)
1. Hcp tbmKwam{Xap-≈-h≥ ˛ `mKy-hm≥
2. c- p tbmK-ß-fp-≈-h≥ ˛ \r]-ka (cmPm-hn\p Xpey≥)
3. aq∂p tbmK-߃ Ds- -¶n¬ cmPm (cmPmhv)
4. \mep tbmK-߃ ˛ \rt]-{μm-f[n-I (cmP-{]-ap-J≥)
95
ChnsS Hcp Imcyw- hy‡-am-°m-\p-- v. Cu tbmK-߃ t]cp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-
t]mse almtbmK-߃X-s∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS Imc-I-Xz-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-
߃am{X-amWv ChnsS ]d™n-´p-≈-Xv. `mhm-[n-]Xyw, Iq´p-sI-´p-Iƒ, an-{Xp--i{Xp_‘-
߃, {Kl-_ew XpS-ßn-b Hcp-]mSp Imcy-߃ A\p-k-cn-®v, AXmXp {Kl-ß-ƒ°p
kzm[o\w hcp∂ ka-b-Øm-bn-cn°pw, ^ew A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I. Nnet∏mƒ Nne¿°v Nne
{KlßfpsS Zi AhcpsS Bbp ns‚ ]cn[nbn¬ hcns√∂pw hcmw. XZzmcm B
tbmKØns‚ ^eßfpw A\p`hØn¬ hcmsX t]mIpw. AXmbXv, tbmK^e߃
]dbptºmƒ _‘s∏´ {KlØns‚ ^eZm\tijnbpw ^ew A\p`hs∏Smhp∂
kabhpw IqSn ]cnKWn t°- Xp- v. F∂m¬ KPtIkcn, tIa{Zpa XpSßnb Nne
tbmK߃ PmXIßsf s]mXphmbn _m[n°p∂Xmbpw ImWp∂p.
N{μm-ep≈ -tbm-K-߃
(5)
hnt[mkvXp kp\-`m-\`m[pcp-[pcmx kzcn-xt^m-`-b˛
kvYnssX¿hnc-hn-`n¿{K-ssl-cn-X-c-YmXp tIa-{Zpax
lna-Xznjn NXp-jvStb {Kl-bp-tX f Y tIa-{Zptam
\loXn IYn-tXm- f Yhm lna-I-cmZv{Ksslx tI{μ-ssKx.
kp\-`, A-\`, [pcp-[pc,
tIa-{Zp-a, tIa-{Zp-am-tbm-K`wKw.
hnt[mkvXp kp\-` A-\`m [pcp[pcm...
kqcys\mgn®p≈h ˛˛ Xmcm{Kl-߃ (Ip, _p, Kp, ip, a)
1. kz ˛ N{μs‚ c-- n¬ \n∂m¬ kp\-`mtbmKw,
2. cn-x^ ˛ ]{¥-- n¬ \n∂m¬ A\-`m-tbmKw,
3. D`b ˛ c- nepw ]{¥-- nepw \n∂m¬ [pcp-[p-cm-
tbmKw
Cu `mhßfnse (2, 12, 2˛12) {KlkvYnXn A\pkcn®v Cu tbmK߃ ]e Xc
Øn¬ hcp∂p. AXmbXv, kp\`m, A\`mtbmK߃ 31 hoXw. [pcp[pcm 180.
(tlmcmimkv{Xw : 13˛4)
4. hnc-hn-`n¿{K-ssl-cn-X-c-YmXp tIa{Zpa
˛ N{μs‚ ]{¥-- ntem c- ntem Xmcm{Kl߃- Bcpans√¶n¬ tIa-{Zp-am-tbm-Kw.
5. lna-Xznjn NXp-jvStb {Kl-bp-tXY tIa-{Zptam \ln CXn
˛ N{μ≥ e·m¬ tI{μ-Øn¬ G-sX-¶nepw Xmcm{KlØn‚- IqsS \n∂m¬ tIa-
{Zp-am-tbm-Kw ^en°n√.
6. IYn-tXmYhm lna-I-cmZv {Ksslx tI{μ-ssKx
˛ N{μs‚ tI{μ-Øn¬ GsX-¶nepw Xmcm-{K-l-w \n∂mepw tIa-{Zp-am-tbm-K
`wKamIpw.
96
tbmK-`wKw sh´n-s\mcp XSth BIp-∂p-≈q. sh´v C√m-Xm-Ip-∂n-√ F∂mWv
A\p`hw. tIa-{Zp-a-tbm-K-°m¿, `wKaps- ¶nepw, Pohn-X-Øn¬ Imepd∏nbv°m≥ ka-b-
sa-Sp-°pw. AXp-t]me hnhm-lhpw A¬∏w sshIp∂-Xm-bmWv ImWp-∂-Xv.
(6)
kzb-a-[n-K-X-hnØx ]m¿∞n-h-kvX-’tam hm
`hXn ln kp\-`bmw [o[-\-Jym-Xn-amw›
{]`p-c-K-Z-ico-c-x io-e-hm≥ JymX-Io¿Øn¿˛
hnj-b-kp-J-kp-thtjm \n¿hr-Xo›m-\-`m-bmw. (tlmcmimkv{Xw 13˛5)
kp\-`m-tbm-K-^ew kp\-`mbmw ˛ kp\-`m-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kzb-a-[n-K-X-hnØ ˛ kzbw kºmZn® [\tØmSpIq-Sn-h≥
]m¿∞n-h hm X’tam ˛ cmPmhv As√-¶n¬ AXn\p Xpey≥
[o [\ ˛ _p≤n, [\w
JymXamw› ˛ {]i-kvX≥.
A\-`m-tbm-K-^ew A-\-`m-bmw ˛ A\-`m-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
{]`p- ˛ {]`p
AK-Z-ico-c- ˛ tcmKan-√mØ icocw
io-e-hm≥ ˛ k’z`mhn
JymX-Io¿Øn ˛ {]i-kvX≥
hnj-b-kp-J ˛ kpJ-t`m-K-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥
-kp-thtjm ˛ \√ thjw [cn-°p-∂-h≥
\n¿hr-Xx ˛ k¥pjvS≥
(7)
DXv]-∂-t`m-K-kp-J-`mKv[-\-hm-l-\m-Vy˛
kvXymKm-\zntXm [pcp-[pcm{]-`-h-x k`rXyx
tIa-{Zpta aen-\-Zpx-Jn-X-\o-N-\n-kzx
t{]jyx Je› \r]-tX-c]n hwi-Pm-Xx. (tlmcmimkv{Xw 13˛6)
(1) ]mTt`Zw : DXv]-∂-tbm-K-kp-J-`p-K..v
[pcp-[p-cmtbm-K-^ew [pcp-[p-c-{]-`-h- ˛ [pcp-[p-cmtbmK-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
DXv]-∂-t`m-K- kp-J-`mIv ˛ Bin® kpJt`mK߃ e`n°p∂h≥
[-\-hm-l-\m-Vy ˛ [\hpw hml-\hpw D≈-h≥
XymKm-\zntXm ˛ XymK-io-e≥
k-`rXy ˛ (tkhn°m≥) `rXy-cp-≈-h≥.
N{μ-s\s°m-- p≈ kp-\-`m, A\`m, [pcp-[pcmtbmK-߃ t]mse-Ø-s∂, kqcy-s\-
s°m-- p≈ thkn, hmkn, D`-bN-co tbmK-߃, e·-sØ-s°m-- p≈ I¿Ø-co-tbm-K-
97
߃ F∂-nh-bpsS ^ew ]d-bp-tºmƒ ]{¥-- nepw c- nepw \n¬°p∂ {Kl-ß-fpsS
kz`m-hhpw _e-hpw-IqSn ]cnKWn°Ww.
tIa-{Zp-amtbmK-^ew tIa-{Zpta ˛ tIa-{Zp-am-tbm-K-ap≈h≥
\r]-tX-c]n hwi-Pm-X ˛ cmP-hw-i-Øn¬ P\n-®-h-\m-bmepw
aen-\ ˛ hrØn-sI-´-h≥
-Zpx-Jn-X ˛ Zpx-Jn-X≥
- \o-N ˛ \oN≥
- \n-kz ˛ Zcn-{Z≥
t{]jy ˛ Zmk≥
Je ˛ ZpjvS≥.
kqcy-s\- B{i-bn®p≈ tbmK-߃
(8)
lntXzμpw ip`thknhmkyp`bN˛
cymJymkzcn-t^m-`b˛
ÿm\-ssÿ-x- khn-Xpx- ipss`x kypc-ip-ss`˛
kvtX ]m]-kw⁄mx kvarXmx
kXv]m¿tiz ip`I¿XcoXyp`bt`
]mss]kvXp ]m]mlztbm
e·mZznØKssXx ipss`kvXp kpipt`m
tbmtKm \ ]mt]£nssXx.
ip`th-kn, -ip`hm-kn,- D`bNcotbmK߃
Aip`th-kn, -Aip`hm-kn, Aip`D`bNcotbmK߃ lntXzμpw ˛ N{μ-s\m-gn®p≈
ipss` ˛ ip`--∑m¿ (_p,Kp,ip)
k-hn-Xp ˛ kqcys‚
kz cn-x^ D`b ÿm\-ssÿ- ˛ (1) c- v, (2) ]{¥- v, (3) c- pw ]{¥- pw
ÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂m¬
ip`-th-kn-hm-kyp-`bN-cymJymx ˛ ip`-th-kn, -ip`hm-kn, ipt`m`bNco,
F∂nßs\ aq∂pXcw tbmK-ßfmIp∂p.
A-ip-ss` tX ]m]-kw⁄mx kvarXmx
˛ Cßs\ \n¬°p-∂Xv ip`∑m¿°p ]Icw Aip-`-∑mcm-sW-¶n¬ ]m]-thkn,
]m]-hm-kn-,, ]mt]m`-b-Nco F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
98
e·mep≈ tbmK߃
ip`I¿ØcotbmKw, ]m]I¿ØcotbmKw
kXv]m¿tiz ip`I¿XcoXyp`bt` ˛ e·Øns‚ c- nepw ]{¥- nepambn
ip`{Kl߃ \n∂m¬ ip`I¿XcotbmKw
]mss]kvXp ]m]mlztbm ˛ ]m]cmsW¶n¬ ]m]I¿XcotbmKw
kpip`mtbmKw e·mZznØKssXx ipss`kvXp kpipt`m
˛ e·Øns‚ c- n¬ ip`{Kl߃
\n∂m¬ kpip`mtbmKw
tbmtKm \ ]mt]£nssXx. ˛ ]m]ZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬ kpip`mtbmKan√.
C\n hnhcn°m≥ t]mIp∂ \mep t«mI߃ ( 9˛12 t«mI߃) sIm√w ]Xn∏nen√.
(9)
PmXx kymXv kp`Kx kpJo KpW-\n-[n¿[otcm \rt]m [m¿antIm
hnJymXx kI-e-{]ntbm f Xnkp-`tKm ZmXm alo-i-{]nbx
Nm¿hMvKx {]nb-hmIv {]]-©-c-kntIm hm‹o bikzo [\o
hnZymZ{X kpth-kn-hm-kyp-`-b-N-cym-tJyjp ]mZ-{I-am-Xv.
ip`-th-kn-tbm-K^ew ip`-th-kn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kp`Kx kpJo ˛ kpμc≥, kpJw A\p`hn°p∂h≥
KpW-\n-[n ˛ kZvKp-W-ß-fp-≈-h≥
[otcm ˛ ss[cy-imen
\rt]m ˛ cmPmhv
[m¿antIm ˛ [m¿Ωn-I≥.
(kp`K ˛ kuμcyap≈, sFizcyap≈, `mKyap≈)
ip`-h-mkn-tbm-K^ew ip`-h-mkn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
hnJymXx ˛ {]i-kvX≥
kI-e-{]ntbm ˛ F√m-h¿°pw {]nb-s∏-´h≥
AXnkp-`tKm ˛ hfsc kpμ-c≥
ZmXm ˛ Zm\ioe≥
alo-i-{]nbx ˛ cmPm-hn\p {]nb-s∏-´-h≥.
ipt`m`-b-Nco-tbm-K^ew ip`- D`b-Nco-tbm-K-Øn¬P\n-®-h≥
Nm¿hMvKx ˛ kpμ-c-amb icocw
{]nb-hmIv ˛ CjvS∏Sp∂ kwkmcw
99
{]]-©-c-kntIm ˛ temIkpJw BkzZn°p∂h≥
hm‹o ˛ hmIvkm-a¿∞y-ap-≈-h≥
bikzo ˛ {]i-kvX≥
[\o ˛ [\-hm≥
(10)
A\ym-bm÷\-\n-μtIm lX-cp-Nn¿lo-\-{]ntbm Zp¿Pt\m
ambmho ]c-\n-μI Je-bptXm Zp¿hrØimkv{Xm-[n-Ix
temtI- kym-Z-]-Io¿Øn ZpxJn-X-a\m hnZym¿Y`mssKy›yptXm
PmX-›m-ip-`-th-kn-hm-kyp-`-b-N-cym-tJyjp ]mZ-{I-am-Xv.
Aip-`-th-kn-tbm-K-^ew Aip`-thkn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
A\ym-bmXv P\-\n-μtIm ˛ shdpsX a‰p-≈-hsc \nμn-°p-∂-h≥
lX-cp-Nn ˛ kuμ-cy-an-√m-Ø-h≥
(CjvS߃km[n°Øh≥ F∂pw ImWp∂p.)
lo-\ -{]ntbm ˛ lo\-∑msc, lo\-∑m¿°p {]nbw-
Zp¿Pt\m ˛ Zp¿÷\w, NoØh≥
Aip`-h-mkn-tbm-K^ew Aip`-h-mkn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
ambmho ˛ amb°mc≥, NXnb≥
]c-\n-μI ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc \nμn-°p-∂-h≥
Je-ctXm ˛ ZpjvS-∑m-cp-ambn kl-h-kn-°p-∂-h≥
Zp¿hrØ ˛ NoØ -{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ sNøp-∂-h≥
imkv{Xm-[n-Ix ˛ imkv{X-ßsf Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-∂-h≥
Aip` D`-b-Nco tbmK^ew temtI- kym-Zv A-]-Io¿Øn ˛ P\a≤yØn¬ Zpjv-t∏cv
ZpxJn-X-a\m ˛ ZpJn°p∂ a\-t mSpIqSn-b-h≥
hnZy A¿Y- `m-ssKy NyptXm ˛ ]Tn∏,v [\w, `mKyw Ch C√m-Ø-h≥.
(11)
ssPhm-XrtIm hn`btcmKcn]px kpJo kym˛
ZmVyx {inbm N ip`-I¿Ø-cn-tbm-K-PmXx
\ntkzm f ip-Nn¿hn-kp-J-Zm-c-kp-tXm-f wK-lo\x
kymXv ]m]-I¿Ø-cn-`-thm- f Nn-c-am-bp-tc-Xn.
ip`-I¿Ø-co-tbm-K-^ew ssPhm-XrtIm ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp v
hn`-b-tcm-K-cn]px ˛ `bw, tcmKw, i{Xp Ch C√m-Ø-h≥
kpJo kymXv ˛ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥
BVyx ˛ B`n-Pm-Xy-ap-≈-h≥
{inbm ˛ t{ib- p-≈-h≥.
100
]m]I¿Ø-cn-tbm-K-^ew \ntkzm- ˛ Zcn-{Z≥
Aip-Nn ˛ hrØn-sI-´-h≥
hn-kp-J-Zm-c-kp-tXm ˛ kpJw, `mcy, a°ƒ Ch C√m-Ø-h≥
A-MvK-lo\x ˛ AwK-lo-\≥
ANn-c-am-bp-tc-Xn. ˛ Aev]m-bp- v.
(12)
BNmchm≥ [¿aaXnx {]k∂x
ku`mKyhm≥ ]m¿Ynham\\obx
arZpkz`mhx kvanX`mjW›
[\o `th®maetbmKPmXx
kpip`mtbmK^ew Aae tbmKPmXx ˛ kpip`mtbmKØn¬ P\n®h≥
BNmchm≥ ˛ BNmc߃ ]men°p∂h≥
[¿aaXnx ˛ [m¿ΩnI≥
{]k∂x ˛ {]k∂≥
ku`mKyhm≥ ˛ `mKyhm≥
]m¿Ynham\\obx ˛ cmPmhn\m¬ BZcn°s∏Sp∂h\pw
arZpkz`mhx ˛ arZpkz`mhtØmSpIqSnbh\pw
kvanX`mjW› ˛ ]p©ncntbmsS kwkmcn°p∂h\pw
[\o ˛ [\nI≥.
(13)
kpipt` ip`-I¿Øcymw
thkymZu kp\-`m-Zn-hXv
ipss`x {Iam-Xv^ew t⁄bw
hn]-co-X-a-k-Zv{K-sslx.
ipss`x ˛ ip`{Klßfmep≈
kpipt` ˛ kpip`mtbmK-Øn\pw
ip`-I¿Øcymw ˛ ip`-I¿Øcntbm-K-Øn\pw
thkymZu ˛ thknXpSßnbhbv°pw
kp\-`m-Zn-hXv ˛ kp\`m XpS-ßnb --tbm-K-ß-fpsS
{Iam-Xv ^ew t⁄bw ˛ {Ia-ØnemWv (ip`)^ew- F-∂-dn-bpI.
Ak-Zv{K-sslx hn]-co-Xw- ˛ ip`∑-m¿{°p]Icw tbmKap- m°p∂Xp
]m]cmsW¶n¬ Aip`^-e-am-Ip∂p.
sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ lntXzμpw.. F∂ F´masØ t«mIØn\p tijw HºXmaØ
Xmbn hcp∂Xv kpipt` ip`I¿Øcymw.. F∂ t«mIamWv. AXmbXv 10 apX¬ 17
hscbp≈ tbmKßfpsS ^ew Cu kpipt` ip`-I¿Øcymw.... F∂ H‰ t«mIØn¬
HXp°nbn cn°p∂p. F∂m¬, \mw ]n¥pScp∂ Zn√n]Xn∏pIfn¬ (9) PmXx kymXv, (10)
A\ymbm÷\\nμtIm (11) ssPhmXrtIm (12) BNmcyhm≥ F∂o \mep t«mIßfn¬
101
Cu tbmKßfpsS ^ew hnhcn®Xn\ptijamWv kpipt` ip`-I¿Øcymw hcp∂Xv.
CXn¬ 12˛asØ t«mIamb BNmchm≥.. F∂Xv AaemtbmK^eamWv F∂pw AXn¬
]dbp∂p- v. AaemtbmKw ]dbmsX AaemtbmK ^ew ]dbp∂Xn¬ D≈ Akzm`m
hnIX as‰mcp kXyØnte bv°mWv hnc¬ Nq- p∂Xv.v hmkXhØn¬ AXv
kpip`mtbmK ^ewXs∂bmWv. ImcWw, c- mw`mhØn\p {]k‡amb ip`^eß
fmWv B t«mIØn¬ ]dbp∂Xv. sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym\Ønepw Cu \mep
t«mI߃ D- v. Bdmw A≤ymb Øn¬, Cu ImcW߃sIm- v, sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬ 66
t«mIap≈ t∏mƒ a‰p ]Xn∏pIfn¬ 70 t«mIap- v.
(14)
HmtPjz¿t°-μp-e-·m-\y-P\n Znhn ]pamw˛
t›∑-lm-`m-Ky-tbmKx
kv{XoWmw XZvhyXytb kym—-in\n kpc-Kptcmx
tI{μtK tIk-co-Xn.
Pohm-¥ym-jvSm-cn-kwtÿ iin\n Xp iISw
tI{μtK \mkvXn e·m˛
®t{μ tI{μm-Zn--tK -f ¿-°m-Z-[-a-k-a-h-cn˛
jvTm-Jy-tbmKmx {]-kn≤mx.
a-lm-`m-Ky-tbmKw A¿° C-μp- HmtPjp e-·m-\n Znhn AP\n
˛ kqcy\pw N{μ\pw HmP-cm-in-bn¬
\n¬°ptºmƒ HmP-e-·-Øn¬ ]I¬
P\n-°pIbpw
]pam≥ tNXv ˛ ]pcp-j-P\\amhp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
a-lm-`m-Ky-tbmKx ˛ a-lm-`m-Ky-tbmKamIp-∂p.
kv{XoWmw XXv hyXytb kymXv ˛ kv{XoIƒ°v alm-`m-Ky-tbm-K-Øn\v
CXn\p hn]-co-Xw BIp-∂p.
AXmbXv, kq-cy-N-{μ-∑m¿ bp‹-cm-in-bn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ bp‹-e-·-Øn¬
cm{Xn-bn¬ P\n-°p∂ kv{Xobpw alm-`mKytbmK-ap-≈-h-fm-bn-cn-°pw.
tIkcotbmKw iin\n kpcKptcmx tI{μtK tIkcoXn
˛ hymgØns‚ tI{μØn¬ (1˛4˛7˛10)
N{\≥ \n∂m¬ tIkcotbmKw
iIStbmKw. Pohm-¥ym-jvSm-cn-kwtÿ iin\n Xp iISw
˛ hymgØns‚ A¥yw (12), AjvSw (8), Acn (6) F∂o ÿm\ßfn¬
N{μ≥ \n∂m¬ iIStbmKw.
tI{μtK \mkvXn e·m®t{μ
˛ (e·) tI{μØnemWp N{μs\¶n¬ iIStbmKan√.
102
A[a ka hcnjvT tbmK-߃ Nt{μ A¿-°m-Xv tI{μm-Zn--tK- {]-kn≤mx
˛ N{μ≥ kqcy-\n¬ \n∂v tI{μw apX-em-b-h-bn¬ \n∂m¬ {]kn-≤-ß-fmb
A[-a k-a- h-cnjvT ˛ A[aw (tI{μw 1˛4-˛7-˛10)
- ˛ k-aw -(]-W-]cw 2˛5-˛8-˛11)
˛ h-cnjvTw (B-t]m-¢naw 3˛6-˛9-˛12)
B-Jy- tbmKmx ˛ F∂n-ßs\ t]cmb tbmK-߃ BIp-∂p.
(15)
alm-`mtKy PmXx- k-I-e-\-b-\m-\-μ-P-\tIm
hZmt\ym hnJymXx £nXn-]-Xn-c-io-Xym-bp-c-aex
h[q\mw tbmtK f kvan≥ kXn- [-\-kp-amwK-ey-k-lnXm
Nncw ]pss{Xx ]uss{Xx ip`-ap-]-KXm km kpN-cn-Xm.
alm-`mKytbmK-^ew alm-`mtKy PmXx ˛ alm-`mKytbmK-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
- kI-e-\-b-\ B-\-μP-\tIm ˛ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw IÆp-Iƒ°v -
B\μw D- m-°p-∂-h≥
hZmt\ym ˛ Zm\-io-e≥
hnJymXx ˛ {]kn-≤≥
£nXn-]-Xn ˛ cmPmhv-
A-io-Xym-bp ˛ 80 hb- p-hsc Bbp- p-≈h≥
-Aaex ˛ \n¿Ω-e≥.
kv{XoI-fpsS alm-`mKy-tbm-K-w h[q\mwtbmtKAkvan≥ ˛ kv{XoI-fpsS alm-`mKy-tbm-K-Øn¬
km ˛ Ahƒ
kXn- ˛ ]Xn-{hX
kpN-cn-Xm ˛ k¬kz-`m-h-ap-≈-hƒ
[-\ kp-awK-ey k-lnXm ˛ [\w-,awKeyw F∂n-h-bp-≈-hƒ
Nncw ]pss{Xx ]uss{Xx ip`-ap-]-KXm ˛ Ahƒ Gsd-°mew ]p{X]u-{X-tcmsS
ip`--ambn Pohn°pw.
(16)
tIkcoh cn]p-h¿K-\n-l¥m
{]uV-hmIv kZkn cmPnXhrØnx
Zo¿L-Po-hy-Xn-bimx ]Sp-_p-≤n˛
kvtXPkm PbXn tIk-cn-tbm-tK.
tIkcotbm-K-^ew tIk-cn-tbm-tK ˛ tIk-cotbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
tIkcn Ch cn]p-h¿K \n-l¥m ˛ knwl-sØ-t∏mse i{Xp-h¿§sØ
sIms∂m-Sp-°p-∂-h\pw
kZkn {]uV-hmIv ˛ kZ- n¬ hmIvKmw-`ocytØmSpIqSnbh\pw
cmPnX hrØnx ˛ {]hrØnbn¬ tim`n°p∂h\pw
103
Zo¿L-Po-hn ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp v
AXn-bimx ˛ hfsc {]kn-≤n
]Sp-_p-≤n ˛ Iq¿Ω_p≤n-
tXPkm ˛ hy‡n-{]-`mhw
Cu KpW-ß-tfmSpIqSnbh\mbn
PbXn ˛ Pbn-°p-∂p. (Zo¿L-Imew Pohn-°p∂p.)
(17)
IzNnXv IzNnXv `mKy-]-cn-Nyp-X- ≥
]p\x ]p\x k¿h-ap-ss]Xn `mKyw
temtI f -{]-knt≤m f]cn-lm-cy-a-¥˛
»eyw {]]∂x iI-tSfXnZpxJo.
iI-S-tbm-K^ew iI-tS ˛ iI-S-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h\v
IzNnXv IzNnXv `mKy ]-cn-Nyp-X-x k≥ ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂-bpw `mKyw \jvS-ambpw
]p\x ]p\x k¿h-w Dss]Xn `mKyw ho- pw ho- pw F√m `mKyhpw
h∂p-sIm- pw Ccn-°pw.
temtI A-{]-knt≤m ˛ temIØn¬ A-{]-kn-≤\pw
A]cn-lm-cw A-¥»eyw {]]∂x ˛ ]cn-lm-c-an-√mØ a\-t¢iw
A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
AXnZpxJo ˛ hfsc ZpJn-X\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
h- n-®-{I-Øn¬ Hcp AS-bm-f-an´m¬ h- n HmSp-tºmƒ Cu AS-bmfw Bh¿Øn
®mh¿Øn®p s]mßnbpw XmWpancn-°p∂Xp-t]mse I-jvS-Im-ehpw \√-Im-ehpw amdn -
amdn h∂pw t]mbpw Ccn-°pw F∂mWp kqN\. F∂m¬ sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬˛˛
IzNnXv IzNnXv `mKy]cnNypX ≥
]p\x ]p\ ¿hapss]Xn `mKw
temI{]knt≤m ]cnlmca¥˛
»eyw {]k∂x iItSXnZpxJ.
F∂p aqehpw, “iIStbmKØn¬ P\n®hs‚ `mKyw Iptd» Iptd»bmbn Ipd™p
apgph≥ XocpIbpw ]n∂oSp Iptd» Iptd»bmbn h¿≤n®p ]q¿ÆamhpIbpw sNøpw.
Ah≥ temI{]kn≤\mbpw XSp°Ø°X√mØ a\»eytØmSpIqSnbh\pw G‰hpw
ZpxJnX\mbpw Ccn°pw ” F∂v A¿∞hpw sImSpØncn°p∂p. sNdph≈nbpw CtXmSp
tbmPn°p∂p.
A{]kn≤n {]kn≤nbpw {]]∂w {]k∂hpambt∏mƒ h∂am‰w ChnsS ]ckv]c
hncp≤amb hymJym\߃°pXs∂ ImcWambn. CØcw kμ¿`ßfn¬ bp‡n D]tbm
Kn°pItb \nhrØnbp≈p. s]mXpsh CsXmcp Zp¿`mKytbm‹mbXn\m¬ temtI
{]kn≤ntb°mƒ, temtI A{]kn≤nbmWv tNcpIsb∂p tXm∂p∂p.
104
(18)
IjvS-a-≤y-a-h-cm-lz-b-tbmtK
{Zhy-hm-l-\-b-i- p-J-kºXv
⁄m\[o-hn-\-b-ss\-]p-W-hn-Zym˛
XymKt`m-K-P-^-em-\y]n XZz-Xv.
A[akahcn-jvT-tbm-K-^e-߃ IjvS- a-≤y-a h-cm-lz-btbmtK ˛ A[a ka hcnjvT tbmK-ßfn¬ P\n®m¬
{Zhy- hm-l-\- b-ix- ˛ ]Ww, hml\w, bi v
kp-J kw-]Xv ⁄m\ ˛ kpJw-, kºØv, ⁄m\w
[o- hn-\-b ss\-]p-W- hn-Zym XymK˛ _p≤n, hn\bw, kma-¿∞yw, ]Tn∏v, XymKw
t`m-K-P- ˛ kpJ-t`mK߃
- ^em-\n A]n ˛ Ch ^e-amIp-∂p.
h-cn-jvT-tbm-K-Øn¬ KpW^ew.
a≤y-a-tbm-K-Øn¬ a≤y-a^ew.
A[-a-tbm-K-Øn¬ KpW^ew- Xosc ImWn√.
˛˛CXmWv ^em\p`hØns‚ {Iaw.
(19)
N{μmZzm hkp-amw XtZm-]-N-b-ssK¿˛
e·m’akvssX-»pss`x
N{μm-Zvthymav\y-a-em-lz-b-»p-`-JssK¿
tbmtKm hne-·m-Z]n
Pt∑ti klntX hne-·-]-Xn\m
tIt{μ f [n-an-{X¿£tK
e·w ]iyXn I›n-Z{X _e-hm≥
tbmtKm `thXv ]pjvIex.
hkp-a-Xv tbmKw N{μmXv hm e·mXv ˛ N{μ-\n¬\n∂v As√-¶n¬ e·Øn¬\n∂v
D-]-Nb-ssKx ˛ D]-N-b-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ (3-˛6-˛10-˛11)
kakvssXx -ipss`x hkp-am≥ ˛ F√m ip`-{K-l-ßfpw (Kp, ip, \√ _p)
\n∂m¬ hkp-aXv tbmKw
Aa-e-tbmKw N{μm-Xv hne-·m-Xv A]n ˛ N{μmtem e·mtem
thymav\n ip-`-JssKx ˛ ]Øn¬ ip`-{K-l-߃ \n∂m¬
Aa-e Blz-b -tbmtKm ˛ Aa-em F∂p t]cmb tbmKw BIp-∂p.
]pjvI-e-tbmKw Pt∑ti klntX hne-·-]-Xn\m ˛ N-{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS
\mYs‚ IqsS e·m-[n-]≥
105
tIt{μ ˛ tI{μ-Øntem
A[n-an-{X¿£tK ˛ AXnan{X-t£-{X-Øntem \n¬°p-Ibpw
I›n-Z{X _e-hm≥ ˛ GsX-¶nepw Hcp _e-ap≈ {Klw
e·w ]iyXn ˛ e·sØ t\m°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p-sh-¶n¬
]pjvIe tbmtKm `thXv ˛ ]pjvI-e-tbmKw D- m-Ip-∂p.
(20)
XnjvtTbpx kzKrtl kZm hkp-aXn {ZhymWy-\¬]m-\y]n
£vtaix kymZ-ate [\o kpX-b-i- w-]-ZyptXm \oXn-am≥
{ioam≥ ]pjvI-e-tbm-KtPm \r]-hsscx kΩm-\ntXm hn{ipXx
kzmI¬]mw-_-c-`q-jnXx ip`-hNx k¿thm-Øax kymXv {]`px.
hkp-atZymK-^ew hkp-aXn ˛ hkp-aXv tbmK-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kZm kzKrtl ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw Xs‚ Krl-Øn¬Øs∂
A\¬]m-≥ A]n {Zhym-Wn XnjvtTbpx˛ A[n-I-amb {ZhyßtfmsS Ignbp∂p.
Aa-em-tbm-K-^ew A-ate ˛ Aa-em-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
£vtaix ˛ cmPmhv
[\o ˛ [\-hm≥
kpX b-i- kºXv bptXm ˛ a°ƒ, bi v, kºØv Ch-tbm-SpIq-Snbh≥
\oXn-am≥ ˛ \oXn-am≥.
]pjvI-e-tbm-K^ew ]pjvI-e-tbm-KtPm ˛ ]pjvI-e-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
{ioam≥ ˛ {ioam≥
\r]-hsscx kΩm-\ntXm ˛ cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬ am\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
hn{ipXx ˛ {]kn-≤≥
kzmI¬]mw-_-c-`q-jnXx ˛ \√ hkv{X-ßfpw B`-c-W-ßfpw
[cn-°p-∂-h≥.
ip`-hNmx ˛ ip`-hm°v ]d-bp-∂-h≥
k¿thm-Øax ˛ k¿thm-Ø-a≥
{]`px ˛ {]`p.
(21)
k¿th ]©kp jSvkp k]vXkp ip`-amem› ]Mv‡ym ÿnXm
btZyhw arXnjUvhy-bm-Znjp Krtl-jz-{Xm-ip-`mJym kvarXm
kz¿t£mt® bZn tImW-I-- -I-bpXu `mtKy-i-ip-{Im-hp`u
e£vaymtJym f Y XYm-hnt[ lna-Itc KucoXn Poth£ntX.
ip`-am-em-tbmKw k¿th ˛ F√m {Kl-ßfpw
]©kp jSvkp k]vXkp ˛ A©v, Bdv,Ggv Cuÿm\-ßfn¬
106
]Mv‡ym ÿnXm ˛ ]w‡n-bmbn (\ncbmbn) \n∂m¬
ip`-ame ˛ ip`-am-em-tbmKw.
Aip`-am-em-tbmKw. bZn Ghw ˛ CXp-t]mse F√m {Kl-ßfpw
arXn jUv hy-b BZnjp Krtl-jp˛ acWw (8), Bdv (6), hybw (12) F∂o
`mh-ß-fn¬
A-{X ÿnXm ˛ \n∂m¬
Aip-` BJym kvarXm ˛ Aip- -amem F∂p t]cmb tbmKw
BIp∂p
e£vao-tbmKw `mtKy-i ip-{Imhp`u ˛ HºXmw`mhm-[n-]\pw- ip{I\pw-
kz¿t£m - ˛ kzt£-{X-Øntem
Dt® bZn ˛ D®-Øntem Bbn \n¬°pIbpw
tImW ˛ {AXp XntIm-W-Øntem
- I-- -I-bpXu ˛ tI{μ-Øntem BhpIbpw
sNbvXm¬
e£vaymtJym ˛ e£vao-tbmKw.
Kuco-tbmKw XYm-hnt[ lna-Itc KucoXn Poth-£n-tX˛
(1) N{μ≥ kzt£-{X-Øntem D®-Øntem \n¬°pIbpw
(2) B cmin tI{μtam {XntImWtam BhpIbpw
(3) hymgw N{μs\ t\m°pIbpw sNøp∂psh¶n¬ Kuco-tbmKw BIp-∂p.
(22)
P\m-[n-Imco £nXn-]m-e-ikvtXm
t`mKo {]ZmXm ]c-Im-cy-I¿Øm
_‘p{]nbx k¬kp-X-Zm-c-bpt‡m
[ocx- kp-am-em-lz-b-tbm-K-Pm-Xx.
ip`-am-em-tbm-K-^ew kp-am-em-lz-b tbm-K-Pm-Xx ˛ ip -ame F∂p t]cmb- tbmK-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
P\m-[n-Imco ˛ P\m-[n-Imcn
£nXn-]m-e-ikvtXm ˛ cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬ am\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
t`mKo ˛ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥
.{]ZmXm ˛ sImSp-°p-∂-h≥ (Zm-\-io-e≥)
]c-Im-cy-I¿Øm ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcy-߃ sNøp-∂-h≥
_‘p{]nbx ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p {]nb-s∏-´-h≥
kXv kp-X Zm-c-bpt‡m ˛ \√ a°ƒ-, `mcy Ch-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
[oc- ˛ [oc≥.
(23)
Ipam¿§-bp-t‡m- f ip- -am-en-ImtJy
ZpxJo ]tcjmw h[-IrXv IrXLv\x
107
kymXv ImXtcm `qkp-c-`-‡n-lot\m
temIm-`n-ikvtXm Ie-l-{]nbx kymXv.
Aip-`-am-em-tbmKw A-ip-`-am-en-ImtJy ˛ A-ip-`-am-emtbmK-ج P\n-®-h≥
Ipam¿§-bp-t‡m ˛ Zp¿am¿§n
ZpxJo ˛ ZpJn-°p-∂-h≥
]tcjmw h[-IrXv ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc h[n-°p-∂-h≥
IrXLv\x ˛ \μn-sI-´-h≥
ImXtcm ˛ `ocp
`qkp-c-`-‡n-lot\m ˛ {_m“-W-`-‡n-bn-√m-Ø-h≥*
temIm-`n-ikvtXm ˛ temI-cm¬ shdp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
Ie-l-{]nbx ˛ hg-°mfn
kymXv. ˛ BIp-∂p,
*{_m“W≥ - = (1) {_“sØ Adnbp∂h≥
(2) jSvI¿Ω߃ sNøp∂h≥. (jSvI¿Ω߃ ˛ A≤ym]\w,
A≤yb\w, bP\w, bmP\w, Zm\w, ]Xn{Klw. (i_vZXmcmhen)
(24)
\nXyw awK-f-io-ebm h\n-Xbm {IoUXy-tcmKo [\o
tXPkzo kzP-\m≥vkpc-£Xn alm-e£o{]km-Zm-ebx
t{ijvTm-tμm-fn-Ibm {]bmXn Xpc-K-kvXw-t_-c-am-Zym-{intXm
temIm-\-μ-Itcm alo-]-Xn-htcm ZmXm N e£o-`-hx.
e£vao-tbm-K-^ew e£o-`-hx ˛ e£vao-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
\nXyw awK-f-io-ebm h\n-Xbm {IoUXn˛ \nXyhpw kZvkz- m-hn-bmb `m-cy-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn
kt¥mjambn Ignbp-∂h≥.
AtcmKo ˛ tcmKan√mØh≥
[\o ˛ [\n-I≥
tXPkzo ˛ tXPkzn
kzP-\mXv kpc-£Xn ˛ kzP\sØ ImØp c£n°p∂p
alm-e£vao {]km-Zm-ebx ˛ e-£vaotZhnbpsS {]km-Z-Øn\v Ccn-∏nSw.
t{ijvT B-tμm-fn-Ibm {]bmXn ˛ \√ ]-√-°n¬ bm{X-sN-øp-∂p.
Xpc-KkvXw-t_-c-aw BZn B-{intXm˛ IpXnc-, B\ XpSßnbh D≈-h≥.
temIm-\-μ-Itcm ˛ temI-Øn\v B\-μ-Øn\p ImcWambh≥
alo-]-Xn-htcm ˛ cmP-{]-ap-J≥
ZmXm N ˛ sImSp-°p-∂-h\pw (Zm-\-im-en).
(25)
kpμ-c-Km{Xx «mLn-X-tKm{Xx
]m¿∞nhan{Xx kZvKp-W-]p{Xx
]¶-P-t\{Xx kwkvXp-X-ssPt{Xm
cmPXn Kuco-tbm-K-k-ap-∞x.
108
Kuco-tbm-K^ew Kuco-tbm-K-k-ap-∞x ˛ Kucn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kpμ-c-Km{Xx ˛ kpμ-c≥
«mLn-X-tKm{Xx ˛ ]pIƒs]‰ hwiw
]m¿∞nhan{X ˛ cmPm-hns‚ kplrØv
kZvKp-W-]p{Xx ˛ kZvKp-Wßfp≈ a°-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
]¶-P-t\{Xx ˛ Xma-c-∏q-t]mse at\mlcamb I-Æp-Iƒ
kwkvXp-X-ssPt{Xm ˛ {]iw-k-\o-b-amb Pb-tØmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
cmPXn ˛ hncmPn-°p-∂p.
(26)
ip{I-hm-Iv]Xn kp[m-I-cm-flssPx
tI{μ-tIm-W-k-ln-ssX¿Zzn-Xo-bssKx
tkzm®-an-{X-`-h-t\jp hmIv]Xu (1)
hocytK kXn kc-kz-Xo-cnXm.
kc-kz-Xo-tbmKw. ip{Ihm-Iv]Xn kp[m-I-cm-flssPx ˛ ip{I≥, hymgw, _p-[≥ (F∂o ip-`-∑m¿)
tI{μtIm-W-k-ln-ssXx Zzn-Xo-bssKx˛ tI{μ-w- (1-˛4-˛7-˛10), {XntIm-W-w (1,5,9), c- mw
`mhw Ch-bnsem∂n¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw
hmIv]Xu hocytK kXn ˛ hymgw _e-hm-\mbn
kzD®an-{X-`-h-t\jp ˛ kzt£{Xw, D®-cmin, an{X-t£{Xw Ch-I-
fn¬ \n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬
kc-kz-Xo-cnXm ˛ kc-kz-Xo-tbmK-am-Ip-∂p.
(1) A¿∞t`Zw:
Cu t«mIØn¬ c- masØ hmIv]Xnbv°v c- mw `mhm[n]≥ F∂mWv
sNdph≈n A¿∞w sImSpØn´p≈X.v hm°vv c- mw`mhamWv. AXpsIm- v c- mw
`mhm[n]Xn hmIv]XnXs∂. F∂m¬ {KlImcIXzØns‚ kμ¿`Øn¬ hcptºmƒ
hm°ns‚ ]Xn hymgamWv.
(27)
[oam≥ \mS-I-K-Zy-]-Zy-K-W-\m-e-¶m-c-im-kvt{X-jzbw
\njvWmXx Ihn-Xm-{]-_-‘-c-Nt\ imkv{Xm¿∞-]m-cw-KXx
Io¿Øym-{Im-¥-P-K-{X-tbm f Xn[\ntIm Zmcm-fl-ssP-c-\znXx
kym’m-c-kz-X-tbm-KtPm \r]-hsscx kw]q-PntXm `mKyhm≥.
k-c-kz-Xo-tbm-K^ew km-c-kz-X-tbm-KtPm ˛ kc-kz-Xo-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
[oam≥ ˛ _p≤n-am≥
\mS-I- K-Zy -]Zy KW\ Ae¶mc
imkvt{Xjzbw \njvWmX ˛ \mS-Iw-, K-Zyw, ]Zyw, KWnXw, Ae¶mc
imkv{Xw XpSßnbhbn-¬ \njvWmX≥,
ka¿∞≥
109
Ihn-Xm -{]-_-‘-c-Nt\
imkv{Xm¿∞-]m-cw-KXx ˛ IhnX, {]_‘cN\, imkv{Xm¿∞w
Chbn¬ ]mcwKX≥, hnZKvZ≥.
Io¿Øym-{Im-¥ P-K-{X-tb ˛ aq∂p- tem-I-ßfpw Iog-S°nb Io¿Øn
tbmSp- Iq-Sn-b-h≥*
AXn[\ntIm ˛ henb [\n-I≥
Zmc Bfl-ssPx A\znXx ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ Ch-tcm-Sp Iq-Sn-b-h≥
\r]-hsscx kw]q-PytXm ˛ cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬ _lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
`mKyhm≥ ˛ `mKyhm≥.
ChnsS sNdph≈n “ a\pjy˛tZh˛]nXrlnXßfmb I¿Ω߃ sNøpIbm¬ B
aq∂p temIØpw {]kn≤nbp≈h\pw ” F∂p hniZambn sImSpØncn°p∂p.
28)
e·m-[o-iz-c-`m-kvI-cm-ar-X-Icmx tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm-{inXmx
tkz®-kz¿£-kp-lr-ZvKr-lm-\p-]-KXmx {ioI-WvT-tbmtKm `thXv
XZzXv `m¿§h`mKy-\mYiinPmx {io\m-Y-tbm-K-kvXYm
hmKo-im-fl-]-kq-cyPm bZn XZm -ssh-cn©ntbmK-kvX-Ym.
{ioIWvTtbmKw e·m-Zo-iz-c -`m-kvI-c Aar-X-Icx ˛ e·m-[n-]\pw kqcy\pw N{μ\pw
tI{μ {Xn-tIm-W ˛ tI{μØntem (1-˛4-˛7-˛10),
{XntImWØntem (1-˛5-˛9)
B-{inXmx ˛ \n¬°pIbpw, AXv
tkz® kz¿£ kplr-XvKr-lm≥ ˛ D®-w, kzt£{Xw, an{X-t£{Xw
C-h-bn-sem-∂m-hpIbpw sNbvXm-¬
{ioI-WvT-tbmtKm `thXv ˛ {ioI-WvT-tbmKw D- m-Ip-∂p.
{io\m-Y-tbmKw `m¿§h `mKy-\mY iinPmx ˛ ip{I≥, Hº-Xmw-`m-hm-[n-]≥, _p[≥ Ch¿
AXp-t]mse \n∂m¬
{io\m-Y-tbm-K-x ˛ {io\m-Y-tbm-Kw- B-Ip-∂p.
sshcn-©n-tbmKw hmKo-i B-fl-] kq-cyP ˛ hymgw, A©m-w`mhm[n]≥, (1) i\n
bZn XZm ˛ Ch¿ AXp-t]mse \n∂m¬
ssh-cn©ntbmKx- ˛ hn-cn©tbmKw BIp-∂p.-
(1) hymJym\t`Zw: Bfl]s‚ A¿∞w e·m[n]≥ F∂mWv \mWp]n≈Bim\pw
sNdph≈nbpw sImSpØn´p≈Xv. AXp icnb√. ImcWw, Bflm ]©a`mhamWv.
Xs∂b√, {XntImWm[n]sc (1˛5˛9 `mh\mY∑-msc) \mbI∑-mcm°nbp≈ tbmKßfm
Wnh F∂ Imcyw kμ¿`Øn¬\n∂pw hy‡amIp∂p- pXm\pw.
(29)
cp{Zm-£m-`-c-tWm f ]n `qXn-[-h-f-—mtbm almflm inhw
[ymb-∂m-fl\n k¥Xw kp\n-bax ssih-{htX Zo£nXx
110
km[q-\m-ap-]-Im-cIx ]c-a-tX-tjz-hm-\-kqtbm `th-˛
tØPkzo inh-]qPbm {]ap-ZnXx {ioI-W-T-tbm-tKm-¤-hx.
{ioI-WvT-tbm-K-^ew {ioI-WvT tbm-tKm-¤-hx. ˛ {ioI-WvTtbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
cp{Zm-£ B`-c-tWm]n ˛ cp{Zm-£wsIm- p≈ B`-c-W߃
[cn°p∂h\pw
`qXn-[-h-f-—mtbm ˛ `kvaw ]qin shfpØ \nd-tØmSp IqSnbh\pw
almflm ˛ almflmhpw
inhw [ymb-≥ B-fl\n k¥Xw ˛ inhs\ kZm [ym\n°p∂h\pw
kp\n-bax ˛ \njvTbp≈h\pw
ssih-{htX {]ap-ZnX ˛ inh`‡nbn¬ B\μw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
Zo£nXx ˛ {hXw A\pjvTn°p∂h\pw
km[q-\mw- D]-Im-cIx ˛ km[p°ƒ°vvv D]-Imcnbpw
]c-a-tX-jp A\-kqtbm ˛ A\ys‚ A`n{]mbßfn¬
AknlvWpX C√mØh\pw
tXPkzo ˛ tXP-kznbpw
inh-]qPbm {]ap-ZnXx ˛ inh-]q-P-bn¬ B\μn°p∂h\pw
`thXv ˛ Bbn-cn°pw.
(30)
e£vao-hm≥ kc-tkm‡nNmSp-\n-]ptWm \mcm-b-Wm¶m¶nX˛
kvX∂m-am-¶n-X-lr-Zy-]-Zy-a-\niw k¶o¿Ø-b≥ k÷\x
X¤-‡m-]-NnXu {]k-∂-h-Z-\- -Xv]p-{X-Zm-cm-\znXx
k¿thjmw \b-\-{]n-tbm -f Xn-kp-`Kx {io\m-Y-tbm-tKm¤hx.
{io\m-Y-tbm-K^ew {io\m-Y-tbm-tKm¤hx ˛ {io\m-Y-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
e£vao-hm≥ ˛ sFiz-cy-ap-≈-h≥
kc-tkm‡n NmSp-\n-]ptWm ˛ kc-k-ambpw a[pcambpw kwkmcn°p∂h≥
\mcm-b-W A¶m¶nXx ˛ icocØn¬ (IcNcWßfn¬) sshjvWh
e£Wß-ƒ(iwJv,N{Iw,KZ,]flw XpSßnbh)
ASbmfambn´p≈h≥
XXv \m-am-¶n-X lr-Zy -]-Zy-w A\niw k¶o¿Ø-b≥
˛ hnjvWp`Kh∂mam¶nXamb, lrZyamb, Io¿Ø\߃ kZm ]mSns°m- p
\S°p∂-h≥
k÷\x ˛ kZvKpWßtfmSpIqSnbh≥-
X¤-‡m- ]-NnXu {]k-∂-h-Z-\ ˛ hnjvWp-`-‡-sc ]qPn-°-p∂-Xn¬
kt¥mjap≈h≥
kXv]p-{X Zm-cm-\znXx ˛ \√ a°tfmSpw `mcytbmSpw IqSn-b-h≥
k¿thjmw \b-\-{]n-tbm ˛ F√m-h¿°pw {]nb¶c≥
AXn-kp-`Kx ˛ hfsc kpμ-c≥.
111
(31)
{_“-⁄m-\-]-cm-btWm _lp-a-Xn¿th-Z-{]-[mt\m KpWo
lrjvtSm sshZn-I-am¿§tXm \ NeXn {]Jym-X-in-jy-{h-Px
kutaym-‡n¿_-lp-hn-Ø-Zm-c-X-\bx (1) kZv{_-“-tX-tPm-÷ze≥
Zo¿Lm-bp¿hn-Pn-tX{μntbm \X-\rt]m sshcn-©n-tbm-tKm-¤-hx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : kp{_-“
hncn-©-tbm-K^ew sshcn-©n- tbm-tKm-¤-h ˛ hncn-©-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
{_“-⁄m-\- ]-cm-btWm ˛ {_“-⁄m-\X¬∏-c≥
_lp-a-Xn ˛ _p≤n-am≥
th-Z-{]-[m\o ˛ sshZnI≥
KpWo ˛ KpW-hm≥
lrjvtTm ˛ k¥p-jvS≥
sshZn-I-am¿§tXm \ NeXn ˛ sshZn-I-am¿§-Øn¬\n∂p hyXn-N-en-°m-Ø-h≥
{]Jym-X-in-jy-{h-Px ˛ {]kn-≤cmb injy∑-mcpsS kwL-tØm-Sp -
Iq-Sn-b-h≥
kutaym-‡n ˛ kuay-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h≥
_-lp-hn-Ø Zm-c X-\bx ˛ [mcmfw [\hpw,- `mcybpw-, a°fpw D≈h≥
kZv{_-“-tX-tPm-÷ze≥ ˛ {_“tXP p≈h≥
Zo¿Lm-bp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- -p-≈-h≥
hn-Pn-tX{μntbm ˛ C{μn-b-ßsf Pbn-®-h≥
\X-\rt]m ˛ cmPm-°-∑m¿ \an-°p-∂-h≥.
sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym\Øn¬ Io¿Ønam∑-mcmb injy∑-mtcmSpw ]p{X∑m
tcmSpw F∂pw `mcyamtcmSpw ]p{X∑-mtcmSpw F∂pw ]p{X∑msc c- p h´w ]d™ncn
°p∂p. {hPamWv Ipg∏ap- m°n bsX∂p tXm∂p∂p. AXpt]mse kμ¿`w t\m°p
tºmƒ _lp hnØØn\p am{Xw aXnsb∂pw tXm∂p∂p.
(32)
At\ym\yw `h-\-ÿ-tbm¿hn-l-K-tbm¿˛
√-·mZn-cn-x^m-¥Iw
`mhm-[o-iz-ctbmx {ItaW IYnXmx
jSvj-jvSn-tbmKm Pss\x
{Xnwi-ss±-\y-ap-Zo-cnXw hyb-cn-]p-˛
—n-{Zm-[n-\m-tYm-∞n-Xmw˛
kvXzjvSu iucy-]tXx Jem \nK-Zn-Xmx-
- tijm almJymx kvarXmx.
]cnh¿Ø\tbmK߃
e-·m-Zn -cn-^m-¥Iw ˛ e·w-ap-X¬ ]{¥- phscbp≈ `mhßfpsS
`mhm-[o-iz-ctbmx hn-l-K-tbmx ˛ \mY∑-mcmb {Kl-߃
At\ym\yw `h-\-ÿtbmx ˛ ]c-kv]cw `mhw amdn \n∂m¬
jUvj-jvSn-tbmKm ˛ 66- tbm-K-߃
112
{ItaW IYnXmx ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂p.
CXn¬
hybcn-]pOn-{Z A[n-\m-tY- ˛ 12, 6, 8 `mh-\m-Y-∑mscs°m- v D≈h
{Xnwi- ssZ-\yD-Zo-cnXw ˛ (30) ssZ\y-tbm-K-ßfpw
iucy-t]Xx ˛ 3˛mw-`m-hm-[n-]-s\-s°m- v
AjvSu Jem \nK-Zn-Xm ˛ (8) Je-tbm-Kßfpw
-tijm ˛ _m°n-bp-≈h (a‰p `mhm[n]XnsIm- p≈h)
almJymx ˛ (28-) alm-tbm-K-ßfpw BIp∂p
ssZ\y-tbm-K-߃ 30
Je-tbm-K߃ 8
alm-tbm-K-߃ 28-
BsI 66
(33)
aq¿Jx kymZ-]-hm-ZtIm Zpcn-X-Ir-∂nXyw k]-Xv\m¿±nXx
{Iqtcm‡nx Ine ssZ\yP›ea-Xn¿hn-On-∂-Im-tcym-Zyax
DZzr-Ø-›- Jte IZm-Nn-Z-Jnew `mKyw et`-Xm-Jnew
kutaym-‡n› IZm-Nn-tZ-h-a-ip`w Zmcn-{ZyZpxJmZn-Iw.
ssZ\y-tbmK-^ew ssZ\y-P ˛ ssZ\y-tbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
aq¿Jx kymXv ˛ ZpjvS≥, aμ-_p≤n
A]-hm-ZtIm ˛ A]hmZ߃ D- m°p∂-h≥,
\nμn-®p kwkmcn°p-∂-h≥
Zpcn-X-IrXv ˛ ]m]߃ sNøp∂-h≥
-\nXyw ˛ F√m-bvt∏mgpw
k]-Xv\m¿±nXx ˛ i{Xp-°-fm¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
{Iqtcm‡nx ˛ {Iqcambn kwkmcn°p∂h≥
Nea-Xnx ˛ Cf-Ip∂ a\t mSpIqSnbh≥
hn-On-∂-Im-tcym-Zyax ˛ Bcw-`-iq-c≥.
JetbmK-^ew Jte ˛ Je-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
DZv hrØ-x ˛ AS-°-an-√m-Ø-h≥.
kutaym-‡n› ˛ kuay-ambn kwkmcn°p∂h≥
-IZm-Nn-Xv AJnew `mKyw et`-Xm ˛ Nne-t∏mƒ F√m `mKyhpw e`n-°p-∂-p
IZm-NnXv Ghw ˛ a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ CXpt]mse
Aip`w Zmcn-{ZyZpxJmZn-Iw ˛ Zmcn{Zyw, ZpxJw XpSßnb `mKyZmjßfpw
(D- mIp-∂-p)
(34)
{ioISm-£-\n-ebx {]`p-cm-Vy˛
›n{X-h-kv{X-I-\-Im-`-c-ssW›
]m¿∞n-hm-]vX-_-lp-am-\-k-at⁄m
bm\-hn-Ø-kp-X-hm-∑-l-Zm-tJy.
113
alm-tbm-K-^ew a-l-Zm-tJy ˛ alm-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
{ioISm-£-\n-ebx ˛ [\-hm≥
{]`p ˛ {]`p-
B-Vy ˛ BVy≥, t{ijvT≥
Nn{X-h-kv{Xw I-\-Iw B`-c-ssWx N ˛ `wKnbp≈ hkv{Xw, kz¿Æm-`-c-W-ßfpw
]m¿∞n-h B-]vX- _-lp-am-\-k-at⁄m ˛ cmP_lpam\w
bm\ hn-Ø- kp-X-hm≥ ˛ hml\w, [\w, a°ƒ Ch-bp-≈-h≥.
-(35)
e·m-[n-]m-kvX-`-]-Xn-ÿn-X-cm-in-\mYx
tkzm®-kz-t`jp bZn tImW-N-Xp-jvS-bÿx
tbmK-x k Im-lf CXn {]Xn-tXmf Y XZzXv
e·m-[n-t]m f kvX-`-]-Xn¿bZn ]¿h-Xm-Jyx.
Iml-f--tbm-K-w e·m-[n-]- AkvX-`-]-Xn- ˛ e·m[n]t\m Ggmw `mhm-[n-]t\m
ÿn-X-cm-in-\mYx ˛ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS -\m-Y≥
tkzm®-kz-t`jp ˛ kz¥w D®cminbntem kzt£{XØntem
\n¬°pIbpw AXv
bZn tImW-N-Xp-jvS-bÿx ˛ {XntImWtam tI{μtam BhpIbpwsNbvXm¬
tbmK- -Im-lf ˛ Iml-f-tbmKw.
]¿h-X-tbm-K-w e·m-[n-] A-kvX-`-]-Xn¿ bZn ˛ e·m-[n-]t\m Ggmw `mhm-[n-]t\m
Cßs\ \n∂m¬
]¿h-Xm-Jyx ˛ ]¿hX-tbmKw.
(36)
h¿≤n-jvWp-cmcyx kpaXnx {]k∂x
t£awIcx Iml-ftPm \ram\yx
ÿncm¿∞-kuJyx ÿnc-Im-cy-I¿Øm
£nXo-izcx ]¿h-X-tbm-K-Pm-Xx.
Iml-f-tbm-K-^ew Iml-ftPm ˛ Iml-f-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
h¿≤n-jvWpx - ˛ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-≈-h≥
-Bcyx ˛ t{ijvT≥
kpaXnx ˛ \√ _p≤n (k-∑-\- v) -D-≈-h≥
{]k∂x ˛ {]k-∂≥
t£aw-Icx ˛ t£aw sNøp-∂-h≥.
\ram\yx ˛ P\kΩX\pw
114
]¿h-X-tbm-K-^ew
]¿h-X-tbm-K-Pm-Xx ˛ ]¿h-X-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
ÿnc A¿∞-kuJyx ˛ ÿnc-amb [\hpw kpJhpw D≈-h≥
ÿnc-Im-cy-I¿Øm ˛ ImcyÿncX D≈-h≥
£nXo-izcx ˛ cmPmhv.
(37)
[¿Ω-I¿Ω-`-h-\m-[n-]Xo Zzu
kwbpXu aln-X-`m-h-KXu tNXv
cmP-tbmK CXn XZzn-Znl kymXv
tI{μ-tIm-W-]-bp-Xn¿bZn iwJx.
cmP-tbmKw [¿ΩI¿Ω`-h-\m-[n-]Xn Zzu ˛ {XntIm-W-amb Hº-Xv, tI{μ-amb ]Øv
ChbpsS `mhm-[n-]-∑m¿
c- -pt]cpw Hcp-an®v
kwbpXu aln-X-`m-h-KXu ˛ Hcp-cm-in-bn¬ \n∂m¬
cmP-tbmK CXn ˛ cmP-tbmKw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.
iwJ-tbmKw
Hº-X,v ]Øv `mhm[n]cpsS IqsS
tI{μtIm-W-]bp-Xnx bZn ˛ a‰p tI{μ (1-˛4-˛7-˛10) {XntIm-W (1-˛5-˛9)
-\m-Y-∑mcpsS ÿnXnIqSn hcp∂psh-¶n¬
iwJx. ˛ iwJ-tbm-K-am-Ip-∂p.
(38)
t`coiwJ{]Wm-ssZ¿≤r-X-ar-Zp-]SnIm˛
Pm-X-hr-Øm-X-]t{Xm
lkvXyizmtμmfn-Im-ssZy-x kl aK-[-Ir-X˛
-{]-kvXp-Xn¿`qan-]mex
\m\m-cq-t]m-]-lm-c-kv^p-cn-X-I-c-bpssKx
{]m¿∞n-X-x -k÷-ss\x -kym˛
{ZmPm kym—wJ-tbmtK _lp-h-c-h-\nXm˛
t`mK-k-º-Øn-]q¿Æx.
cmP-tbm-K-^ew cmPtbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥˛˛
t`co iwJ {]Wm-ssZx ˛ s]cp-ºd, iwJv Ch-I-fpsS
BchßtfmsS
ar-Zp-]SnImPm-Xhr-Øm-X-]t{Xm ˛ arZp-hmb ]´p-sIm-- p-- m-°nb sh¨sIm-‰-
°p-S-°o-gn¬
lkvXn Aiz Btμmfn-Im-ssZyx ˛ B\, IpXnc, ]√°v XpSßnbhbpsS
AIºSntbmsS
aK-[-Ir-X-{]-kvXp-Xn¿ ˛ kvXpXn]mTI¿ ]mSp∂ kvXpXnItfmsS
115
\m\m-cq-t]m-]-lm-c-kv^p-cn-X-I-c-bpssKx {]m¿∞n-X-x k÷-ss\x
˛ hnhn[ßfmb D]lmc߃ tim`n°p∂- ssIItfmsS sXmgpXp\n¬°p∂
k÷\ßtfmSpIqSnb
`qan-]mex ... kymXv ˛ cmPmhmIpw.
iwJ-tbm-K-^ew iwJ-tbmtK ˛ iwJtbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
_lp-h-c-h-\nXm ˛ hfsc t{ijvTh\n-X-I-tfmsS
t`mKk-º-Øn-]q¿Æx ˛ kpJt`mK-k-º-Øp-I-tfmSp Iq-Snb
cmPm kymXv ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.
(39)
kwJymtbmKmx k]vX-k-]vX¿£-kwssÿ˛
tcIm-]mbmZz√-Io- Zm-a- ]mix
tIZm-cmJy iqe-tbmtKm bp-Kw N
tKmf-›m-\ym≥ ]q¿h-ap-‡m-≥ hn-lm-b.
kwJymtbmK߃
k]vX k-]vX¿£ -kwssÿx ˛ G-gp {Kl߃ 7 cmin-I-fnembn \n∂mepw
GIm-]mbmXv ˛ 6,5,4,3,2,1 cmin-I-fn-embn \n∂mepw
kwJymtbmKx ˛ kwJym-tbm-K-ß-fm-Ip-∂p.
]q¿hw D-‡m-≥ hn-lm-b ˛ apºp ]d™h Ign®v.
(t\csØ ]d™ tbmKßsfm∂pw Cs√¶n¬ am{Xta kwJymtbmK߃
]cnKWnt°- Xp≈q F∂¿∞w.)
kwJymtbmK߃ 7 {Kl-߃ 7 cmin-bn¬ ˛ h√-Io
- 7 {Kl-߃ 6 cmin-bn¬ ˛ Zm-a-
7 {Kl-߃ 5 cmin-bn¬ ˛ ]mi
7 {Kl-߃ 4 cmin-bn¬ ˛ tIZm-c
7 {Kl-߃ 3 cmin-bn¬ ˛ iqe
7 {Kl-߃ 2 cmin-bn¬ ˛ bp-K
7 {Kl-߃ 1 cmin-bn¬ ˛ tKmf-
(40)
hoWm-tbmtK \rØ-Ko-X-{]n-tbm f ¿∞o (1)
Zmav\o XymKo `q]-Xn-t›m-]-Imco
]mti t`mKo km¿∞-k-—o-e-_‘px
tIZm-cmtJy {ioIr-jn-t£-{X-bp-‡x.
h-√IotbmK^ew hoWm-tbmtK ˛ hoWm- (h-√-Io) tbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
\rØ- Ko-X- {]n-tbm ˛ \rØ-hpw Ko-X-hpw {]n-bamb-h≥
A¿∞o ˛ [\nI≥
116
ZmatbmK^ew Zmav\o ˛ ZmatbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
XymKo `q]-Xn- D]-Imco ˛ XymKn, cmPmhv, D]-Imcn.
]mitbmK^ew ]mti ˛ ]mitbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
t`mKo ˛ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥
kA¿∞ kXvioe -_‘px ˛ [\w, kZvkz-`m-hw, _‘p-°ƒ Ch D≈-h≥
tIZmctbmK^ew tIZm-cmtJy ˛ tIZmctbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
{io ˛ {io (sFizcyw)
Ir-jn-t£-{X ˛ Irjn-ÿew-
bp-‡x. ˛ Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
(1) A¿∞t`Zw:
A¿∞n°p∂h\mWv A¿∞n. A¿∞n F∂m¬ Bhiys∏Sp∂h≥, bmNI≥
Fs∂ms° A¿∞w ]dbmw. AX\pkcn®v sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ bmNIs\∂ A¿∞hpw
sImSpØncn°p∂p. F∂m¬ ChnsS D]tbmKn®n´p≈ aqeØn¬ Cu hm°v
A¿∞nb√, A¿∞obmWv. A¿∞ap≈h≥, [\nI≥ F∂v A¿∞hpw sImSpØncn
°p∂p. A¬∏w hocyw IpdhmsW¶nepw CsXmcp `mKytbmKwXs∂bmWv. AXpsIm- v
[\ap≈h≥ F∂ A¿∞w Xs∂bmWv kμ¿`Øn\p tbmPn°pI.
(41)
iqte lnw{kx t{Im[-iotem Zcn{Zx
]mjWvUo kymZv {Zhy-lot\m bpKmtJy
\nkzx ]m]o tæ—-bp‡x Ipin¬]o
tKmtf PmX-›m-e-tkm f ¬∏m-bp-tch.
iqetbmK^ew iqte ˛ iqetbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
lnw{kx ˛ lnwkm-kz-`m-h-ap-≈-h≥
t{Im[-iotem ˛ tZzjy-°m-c≥
Zcn{Zx ˛ Zcn-{Z≥.
bpKtbmK^ew bpKmtJy ˛ bpK-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
]mjWvUo ˛ \mkvXn-I≥
Zhy-lot\m ˛ {Zhy-w ([\w) C√mØh≥
tKmftbmK^ew tKmtfPmX ˛ tKmftbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
\nkzx ˛ Zcn-{Z≥
]m]o ˛ ]m]n
tæ—-bp‡x ˛ Zp¿÷\-kl-hmkw
Ipin¬]o ˛ NoØ-in¬∏߃ sNøp-∂-h≥
A-e-tkm ˛ Ae-k≥
A¬∏m-bp-. ˛ A¬∏mbp- v
117
.
(42)
kussay-cn-tμm¿Zyq\j{U-{‘-kw-ssÿ˛
kvXZz-√-·m-’w-ÿnssX¿hm[n-tbmKx
t\Xm a{¥n `q]Xnx kymXv {ItaW
JymXx {io-am≥ Zo¿L-Pohn a\kzo.
A[n-tbmKw C-tμmx ˛ N{μs‚
Zyq\ jUv c{‘ ˛ Ggv, Bdv-, F´v- ÿm\-ß-fn¬
kussayx- kw-ssÿ ˛ ip`-{K-l-߃ (_p, Kp,- ip) \n∂m¬,
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
XZz√-·mXv kw-ÿnssX¿ ˛ A{]-Imcw e·m¬- \n∂mepw,
A[n-tbmKx ˛ A[n-tbm-K-am-Ip-∂p.
ta¬∏d™ aq∂p `mhßfn¬
H∂n¬ ip`≥ \n∂m¬ t\Xm ˛ ssk\ym[n]\pw
cs- ÆØn¬ \n∂m¬ a{¥n ˛ a{¥nbpw
aq∂nepw \n∂m¬ `q]Xn ˛ cmPmhpw
kymXv {ItaW ˛ BIpw.
(Abmƒ s]mXpsh)
JymXx ˛ {]kn-≤\pw
{io-am≥ ˛ {io-am\pw
Zo¿L-Pohn ˛ Zo¿Lmbp- p-≈-h\pw
bi-kzo ˛ bi- p-≈-h\pw (BIpw.)
hymJym\t`Zw :
F√m ip`{KlßfpwIqSn Ggn¬ \n∂m¬ t\Xmhpw Bdn¬ \n∂m¬ a{¥nbpw
F´n¬ \n∂m¬ cmPmhpamIpw F∂mWv aebmf hymJym\ßfn¬ ImWp∂Xv. A[n
tbmKw Hcp {][m\tbmKambXn\m¬ an°hmdpw F√m PmXI{KŸßfnepw {]Xy£
s∏Sp∂p- v. AXn¬ bp‡n°p tNcp∂ ]£amWv ChnsS kzoIcn®Xv.
(43)
A[n-tbm-K-`thm \tcizcx
ÿnc-kw-]-Zv_-lp-_-‘p-t]m-jIx
Aap\m cn]hx ]cm-Pn-Xm˛
›nc-am-bp¿√-`tX {]kn-≤-Xmw.
A[n-tbmK^ew A[n-tbm-K-`thm ˛ A[n-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
\tcizcx ˛ cmPmhpw
ÿnc-kw-]-Zv ˛ ÿnc-amb kºØp-≈h\pw
_-lp-_-‘p-t]m-jIx ˛ hfsc _‘p-°sf klm-bn-°p-∂-h\pw
cn]h ]cm-Pn-X ˛ tXm¬∏n-°-s∏´ i{Xp-°-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
118
Bbncn°pw.
Nnc-am-bp ˛ (Ah\v) Zo¿Lm-bp pw
{]kn-≤-Xmw ˛ {]kn≤nbpw
e`tX ˛ e`n°pIbpw sNøpw.
Nma-cm-Zn -Zzm-Z-i -tbm-K-߃
(44)
`mssh-x ku-ay-bp-tX-£n-ssX-kvX-Z-[n-ss]x
kpÿm-\-ssK¿`m-kzsscx
tkzm®-kz¿£-K-ssX¿hn-e-·-`-h-\m˛
tZymKmx {IamXv ZzmZi
kw⁄m-›m-a-c-t[-\p-iucyPe-[n˛
—{Xm-kv{X-Im-am-kp-cm
`mKy-Jym-Xn-kp-]m-cn-Pm-X-ap-k-em˛
kvXss⁄-cyYm Io¿ØnXmx.
`mhØn\pw `mhm[n]\pw _eaps- ¶n¬
Nma-cm-Zn-Zzm-Z-i-tbm-K-߃
`mssh- ku-ay-bp-tX Cu£n-ssX- ˛ `mh-ßfn¬ kuay-{KlÿnXn, kuay-{Kl
ZrjvSn,
-X-Z-[n-ss] kpÿm-\-ssKx -˛ `mhm-[n-]-Xn-Iƒ°v kpÿm-\-ÿnXn
`m-kzsscx ˛ civan-_ew
tkzm® kz¿£- K-ssXx ˛ kz¥w D®w, kzt£{Xw Ch-bn¬ ÿnXn
˛ Ch-sbm-Øp-h-∂m¬
hn-e-·-`-h-\mXv ˛ e·w-ap-X¬°p≈ (]{¥- p `mh-߃°p)
ZzmZitbmKmx ˛ ]{¥- p tbmK-߃.
kw⁄m ˛ (Ah-bpsS) t]cp-Iƒ
{IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ (]-d-bp-∂p.)-
1. Nmac ˛ Nm-a-ctbmKw
2. -t[-\p- ˛ t[-\ptbmKw
3. -iucy- ˛ iucytbmKw
4. Pe-[n ˛ Pe-[ntbmKw
5. O{X ˛ O{XtbmKw
6. Akv{X ˛ Akv{XtbmKw-
7. Im-a- ˛ Im-a-tbmKw
8. Bkpc ˛ BkpctbmKw
9. `mKy- ˛ `mKy-tbmKw
10. Jym-Xn ˛ Jym-XntbmKw
--11. ]m-cn-Pm-X-- ˛ ]m-cn-Pm-XtbmKw
12. ap-k-e ˛ ap-k-etbmKw
119
(45)
{]Xylw {hPXn hr≤n-ap-Z{Kmw
ip¢-N{μ Ch tim`-\-ioex
Io¿Øn-am≥ P\-]-Xn-›n-c-Pohn
{io\n-[n¿`-hXn Nma-c-Pm-Xx.
Nma-c-tbm-K-^ew (e·w, e·m[n]≥)
Nma-c-Pm-Xx ˛ Nma-c-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
ip¢-N{μ Ch ˛ shfpØ]£-Ønse N{μ-s\-t∏mse
{]Xylw hr≤n-ap-Z{Kmw {hPXn ˛ Zn\w-{]Xn A`n-hr≤n {]m]n-°p-∂p.
tim`-\-ioex ˛ \√ kz`m-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
Io¿Øn-am≥ ˛ {]i-kvX≥
P\-]-Xn ˛ cmPm-hv, t\Xmhv-
Nn-c-Pohn ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h≥
{io\n-[nx ˛ sFizcyhm≥
`-hXn ˛ BIp-∂p.
(46)
km∂-]m-\-hn-`-thm- f Jn-e-hn-Zym˛
]pjvI-tem- f [n-I-Ip-Spw-_-hn-`qXnx
tla-c-Xv\-[-\-[m-\y-k-art≤m
cmP-cmP Ch cmPXn t[\u.
t[\p-tbm-K-^ew (c-- mw-`m-hw, c-- mw-`m-hm[n-]-Xn)
t[\u ˛ t[\p-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
km∂-]m-\-hn-`-thm- ˛ A∂]m\hn`hßtfmSp IqSnbh≥
AJn-ehnZym]pjvI-tem- ˛ F√m -hn-ZyIfpw Adn™h≥
A[n-I- Ip-Spw-_hn-`qXnx ˛ h¿≤n® IpSpw-_ -sFizcytØmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
tlac-Xv\[-\[m-\yk-art≤m ˛ kz¿Æw, cXv\w, [\w, [m\yw ChbpsS
kar≤ntbmsS
cmP-cmP Ch cmPXn ˛ N{I-h¿Ønsbt∏mse {]Im-in-°p-∂p.
47
Io¿Øn-a-¤n-c-\p-ssP-c-`n-jvSp-ssX¿˛
√mfntXm aln-X-hn-{I-a-bp‡x
iucytPm `hXn cma Chmku
cmP-Im-cy-\n-ctXm f Xnb-i-kzo.
iucy-tbm-K-^ew (aq∂mw`mhw, aq∂mw`mhm[n]Xn)
iucytPm ˛ iucy-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
cma Ch Aku ˛ {iocmas\t∏mse
120
Io¿Øn-a-Xv`nx- A`njvSpssXx A\p-ssPx - emfntXm Io¿Øn-am-∑m-cpw kvXpXn°
s∏Sp∂hcpamb Bb A\p-P-∑m-cm¬
tkhn°s∏Spw.
aln-X- hn-{I-a-bp‡x ˛ henb hn{Iaimenbpw
cmP-Im-cy-\n-ctXm ˛ cmPy-Im-cy-\n-c-X\pw
AXnb-i-kzo, `hXn ˛ hfsc {]kn-≤\pw BIpw.
(48) tKmk-º-≤-\-[m-\y-tim`nkZ\w _‘p-{]-]q¿Æw hc˛
kv{Xoc-Xv\mw-_-c-`q-j-Wm\n aln-X-ÿm\w N k¿thm-Øaw
{]m]vt\m-Xyw-_p-[ntbm-KPx ÿnc-kp-tJm- l-kvXy-iz-bm-\m-ZntIm
cmtPtUym ZznP-tZ-h-Im-cy-\n-cXx Iq]-{]-]m-Ir-Xv ]-Yn.
Pe-[n-tbm-K-^ew (\memw`mhw, \memw`mhm[n]Xn)
Aw-_p-[n-tbm-KPx ˛ Pe-[n-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
tKmk-ºZv [-\-[m-\ytim`n(X) ˛ ]ip-°-ƒ, kºØv, [\-[m-\y-߃
XpSßnb-h-bm¬ tim`n°p∂,
_‘p-{]-]q¿Æw kZ\w ˛ _‘p-°ƒ \nd™ hoSv
hckv{Xoc-Xv\ Aw-_-c`q-j-Wm\n ˛ DØakv{Xo-Iƒ, cXv\-߃, h{P-߃, B`-
c-W-߃ XpSßn
k¿thm-Øaw ˛ F√mw-sIm- pw DØaamb
aln-X-ÿm\w N {]m]vt\mXn ˛ t{ijvTamb ÿm-\w {]m]n-°p-∂p.
ÿnc-kp-tJm- ˛ F∂pw kuJyw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p.
l-kvXn Aiz- bm-\m-ZntIm ˛ B\,IpXnc,hml\w XpS-ßn-bhtbmSp-Iq-Snb
cmtPtUym ˛ cmP-{]-ap-J≥.
ZznP- tZ-h- Im-cy- \n-cXx ˛ {_m“WtZ-h-Imcy-ß-fn¬ X¬∏-c≥.
Iq] ]-Yn -{]-]m-Ir-Xv ˛ hgn-bn¬ InW¿, XÆo¿∏-¥¬
F∂nh \n¿Ωn®p \¬Ip-∂-h≥.
(49)
kpkwkm-c-`m-Kyky k¥m-\-e£vao˛
\nhmtkm bikzo kp`mjo a\ojo
AamtXym alo-iky ]qtPym [\mVyx
kv^pc-Øo-£vW-_p-≤n¿`th—{X-tbm-tK.
O{X-tbm-K-^ew
(A©mw`mhw, A©mw`mhm[n]Xn)
`th O{X-tbm-tK ˛ O{X-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kzkwkm-c-`m-Kyky ˛ euIn-I-`m-Kyßfmb
k¥m-\-e£vao\nhmk ˛ k¥m\w, kºØv Chbv°v Ccn-∏n-Sambh≥.
bikzo ˛ bikzn
kp`mjo ˛ \√Xp kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h≥
a\ojo ˛ _p≤nam≥
AamtXym ˛ a{¥n
121
alo-iky ]qtPym ˛ cmPm-hn\m¬ _lp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
[\mVyx ˛ [\m-Vy≥
Xo-£vW-_p-≤nkv^pc- ˛ Xo£vW_p≤n-i‡n kv^pcn-°p-∂-h≥.
(50)
i{Xq≥ _en-jvTm≥ _e-h-∂n-Krly
{Iqc-{]-hrXym kln-tXm- f `n-am\n
{hWm-¶n-Xmw-K› hnhm-Z-Imco
kymZkv{XtbmtK ZrV-Km-{X-bp-‡x.
Akv{X-tbm-K-^ew (Bdmw`mhw, Bdmw`mhm[n]Xn)
Akv{XtbmtK - ˛ Akv{XtbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
_en-jvTm≥i{Xq≥_e-h-≥\n-Krly _ehm∑-mcmb i{Xp-°sf _ewsIm- p
h[n-°p∂-h≥
{Iqc-{]-hrXym kln-tXm ˛ {Iqc-{]-hrØnIƒ sNøp-∂-h-≥
-A`n-am\n ˛ A`n-am\n
{hWm-¶n-Xmw-K› ˛ tZlØp apdn-∏m-tSm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
hnhm-Z-Imco ˛ hn-hm-Z-ß-fp-- m-°p-∂-h≥
ZrV-Km-{X-bp-‡x. ˛ Dd® ico-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
kymXv ˛ BIp-∂p.
(51)
]c-Zm-c-]-cm-MvaptJm `th˛
Zzc-Zm-cm-fl-P-_-‘p-kw-{inXx
P\-Im-Z[nIx ipss`¿Kp-ssW¿˛
al-\obmw {inb-taXn Ima-Px.
Ima-tbm-K-^ew
(Ggmw `mhw, Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn)
Ima-Px. ˛ Ima-tbm-K-Øn≥ P\n-®-h≥
]c-Zm-c- ]-cm-MvaptJm ˛ A\y-s‚ `mcy-bn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-an-√m-Ø-h\pw
hc-Zm-c Bfl-P- _-‘p-kw-{inXx ˛ DØabmb `mcy, a°ƒ, _‘p-°ƒ
F∂n-htcmSpIqSnbh\pw
P\-Im-Z[nIx ipt`m¿Kp-ssWx ˛ A—-t\-°mƒ A[nIw ip`Kp-W߃
D≈-h\pw
al-\obmw {inb-taXn ˛ hfsc sFizcyap≈h\pw
`thXv ˛ Bbncn°pw.
(52)
l¥y\y-Imcyw ]nip\x kzImcy˛
]tcm Z-cn-{Z› Zpcm{Klo kymXv
122
kzbw-Ir-Xm-\¿∞-]-cºcm¿Øx
IpI¿Ω-Ir-®m-kp-c-tbm-K-PmXx.
Bkp-c-tbm-K-^ew
(F´mw`mhw, F´mw`mhm[n]Xn)
Bkp-c-tbm-K-PmXx ˛ Bkp-c-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
l¥n A\y-Imcyw ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcyw apS-°p-∂h≥
]nip\x ˛ \pW- ]d-bp-∂h≥
kzImcy]tcm ˛ kzm¿∞o
Z-cn-{Z ˛ Zcn-{Z≥
Zpcm{Klo ˛ AXym-{Kln
kzbw-Ir-Xm-\¿∞-]-cºcm-¿Øx ˛ kzbw-Ir-Xm\¿∞-ß-fpsS ]c-º-c-bm¬
ZpJn-°p-∂-h≥
IpI¿Ω-Ir-Xv ˛ ZpjvI-¿Ω-߃ sNø-p∂-h≥-
kymXv ˛ BIp-∂p.
(53)
N©-®m-a-c-hm-Zy-tLm-j-\n-_n-Um˛
amtμm-fnImw imizXow
e£vaow {]m]y alm-Pss\x IrX-\pXnx
kym≤¿Ω-am¿t§- ÿnXx
{]oWm-tXyj ]nXr≥ kpcm≥ ZznP-K-Wm≥
XØXv {]nssbx ]qPss\x
kzmNm-cx -kz-Ip-tem-Zz-l- kp-lr-Zbx
kymZv `mKy-tbm-tKm-¤-hx.
`mKy-tbm-K-^ew
(HºXmw`mhw, HºXmw`mhm[n]Xn)
`mKy-tbm-tKm-¤-h ˛ `mKytbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
N©-®m-a-c ˛ Nen-°p∂ Nma-c-ßtfmsS
hm-Zy-tLm-j- ˛ hm-Zy-tLm-j-ßtfmsS
Btμm-fnImw ˛ ]√-°ntedn k©cn°p∂h≥
imizXow e£vanw ˛ \in°mØ sFizcytØmSpIqSnbh≥
alm-Pss\ IrX-\Xnx ˛ alm-P-\-ß-fm¬ \a-kvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
[¿Ω-am¿t§-ÿnXx ˛ [m¿ΩnI≥
]nXr≥ kpcm≥ ZznP-K-Wm≥ ˛ ]nXr-°ƒ, tZh-∑m¿, {_m“-W¿ Chsc
Xج {]nssb ]qPss\x {]oWm-tXyjp˛Ahch¿°p {]nb-s∏´ ]qP-IƒsIm- v
kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-h≥
kzmNm-c- ˛ kz¥wBNmcImcyßfn¬\njvTbp≈h≥
kzIp-temZzl- ˛ Xs‚ hwisØ \bn°p∂h≥
kp-lr-Zbx ˛ \√ a\ p≈h≥
kymXv ˛ BIp-∂p.
123
(54) k¬{Inbmw kI-e-tem-I-k--ΩXm˛
amN-c-∂-hXn k÷-\m-∂r]x
]p{X-an-{X-[-\-Zm-c-`m-Ky-hm≥
JymXntPm `hXn temI-hn-{ipXx
JyXn-tbm-K-^ew
(]Ømw`mhw, ]Ømw`mhm[n]Xn
JymXntPm ˛ JymXn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kI-e-tem-Ik--ΩXm ˛ temI-k-Ω-X-amb
k¬{Inbmw BN-c-≥ ˛ kXvI¿Ω߃ sNøp-∂-h≥
AhXn k÷-\m∂r]x ˛ k÷-\-ßsf kwc-£n-°p∂ cmPmhv
]p{X an-{X -[-\ Zm-c `m-Ky-hm≥ ˛ ]p{X-∑m¿-, kplr-Øp-°ƒ, [\w-, `mcy
Ch-sb-√m-wsIm- pw -`m-Ky-hm\pw
temI-hn-{ipXx. ˛- temI-{]-kn-≤\pw
`hXn ˛ BIp-∂p.
(55)
\nXy-aw-K-f-bpXx ]rYn-hoix
k©n-Xm¿∞-\n-N-bx k-Ip-Spw_o
kXv°-Ym-{i-h-W-`-‡n-c-`nt⁄m
]mcn-Pm-X-P-\\x in-h-Xm-Xn.
]mcn-Pm-X-tbm-K-^ew (]Xns\m∂mw `mhw, ]Xns\m∂mw`mhm[n]Xn)
]mcn-Pm-X-P-\-\ ˛ ]mcn-Pm-X-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
\nXy-aw-K-f-bpXx ˛ ÿncamb t{ib-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
]rYn-hoix ˛ cmPmhv
k©n-Xm¿∞-\n-N-b ˛ Iq´n-sh® [\-tØmSpw-
kIp-Spw_o ˛ IpSpw-_-tØmSpw IqSnb-h≥
kXv°-Ym-{i-h-W-`-‡n-x ˛ k¬°-Y-Iƒ tIƒ°p-∂-Xn¬ {i≤-bp-≈-h≥
A`nt⁄m ˛ hnZzm≥.
inhXmXn ˛ ip`w sNøp∂h≥
(56)
Ir{O-e-_v[-[-\-hm≥ ]cn-`qtXm
teme-kº-Zp-Nn-X-hy-b-ioex
kz¿§-tah e`tX f ¥yZ-imbmw
Pm¬atIm apk-eP-›-]-e›.
apk-e-tbmK^ew
(]{¥- mw`m-hw, ]{¥- mw-`m-hm[n-]-Xn)
apk-eP ˛ apk-e-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥-
Ir{O-e-_v[[-\-hm≥ ˛ IjvS-s∏´p kºm-Zn® [\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
124
]cn-`qtXm ˛ \nμn-X≥, Aham\n°-s∏-´-h≥
teme-kw-]-Xv ˛ Dd∏n√mØ (\ne\n¬∏n√mØ)
kº-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
D-Nn-Xhy-b-ioex ˛ th- Xn\pam{Xw Nnehp sNøp-∂-h≥
A¥yZ-imbmw kz¿§-tah e`tX Ah-km\ImeØv kz¿§wXs∂ e`n°p∂p.
Pm¬atIm ˛ Ahn-th-In-
- N]-e› ˛ N]-e\pw (BIpw.)
(57)
Zpssÿ `mh-Kr-tl-izssc ip`-kw˛
bpt‡-£n-ssX¿hm {Iam˛
Zv`msshx kypkvXz-h-tbm-K-\n-kz-ar-Xbx
kw⁄m Iplpx ]macx
l¿tjm ZpjvIr-Xn-cn-Xy-Ym]n kctfm
\n¿`m-Ky-Zp-tcym-KIu
tbmKm-±zm-Z-itXm Zcn-{Z-hn-ate
t{]m‡m hn]-›n-÷-ss\x.
Ah-tbm-KmZn ZzmZi tbmK-߃
`mh-Kr-tl-izssc Zpssÿ ˛ `mhm-[n-]¿°p Zpÿm-\ÿnXn
Aip`-kwbpt‡ C£n-ssX¿ ˛ ]m]-tbmKw, ]m]-ZrjvSn
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
{IamXv ˛ AXp-t]mse
`msshx ˛ `mh-ß-fn¬ ]m]-ÿnXn, ]m]-ZrjvSn
kypkvXp ˛ Cßs\ h∂m¬ 12 tbmK߃:-˛˛
1. Ah-tbm-K- ˛ Ah-tbmKw -
2 \n-kz- ˛ \n-kz-tbmKw
3 ar-Xbx ˛ ar-XntbmKw
4 Iplpx ˛ IplptbmKw
6 ]macx ˛ ]mactbmKw
6 l¿j ˛ l¿jtbmKw
7 ZpjvIr-Xn ˛ ZpjvIr-XntbmKw-
8 kcf ˛ kcftbmKw
9 \n¿`mKy ˛ \n¿`mKytbmKw
10 Zp-tcym-K ˛ Zp-tcym-KtbmKw
- 11 Zcn-{Z ˛ Zcn-{Z-tbmKw
- 12 hn-ae ˛ hna-e-tbmKw.
(58)
A{]-kn-≤nc-Xn-Zp- -l-ssZ\yx
kz¸-am-bp-c-]-am-\-a-kZv nx
kwbpXx IpN-cnXx IpX\px kym˛-
®-©-e-ÿn-Xn-cn-lm-]y-h-tbm-tK.
125
Ah-tbm-K^ew (e·w, e·m[n-]≥)
Ah-tbm-tK -- ˛ Ah-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
A{]-kn-≤n ˛ Adnbs∏SmØh≥ --
AXn-Zp- -l ssZ\yx ˛ hfsc Zp -l-amb- Zo\-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
kz¬∏-am-bp- ˛ A¬∏m-bp v
A]-am-\-a-kZv`nx ˛ Ak-Øp-°-fn¬\n∂pw A]-am\w
kwbpX IpN-cnXx ˛ Zpkz-`m-hnIfpambn Iq´psI´v
IpX\px ˛ hncq]n
N©-e-ÿn-Xn ˛ Aÿn-cX
kymXv ˛ BIp-∂p.
(59)
kph-N-\-iqt\ym hn^-e-Ip-Spw_x
IpP-\k-amPx IpZ-i-\-N£px
aXn-kp-X-hn-Zym-hn-`hhnlot\m
cn]p-lr-X-hnØx {]`-hXn \ntkz.
\nkz-tbm-K^ew (c-- mw-`m-hw, c- mw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)
\ntkz ˛ \nkz-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kph-N-\-iqt\ym ˛ \√ hm°p ]d-bm-Ø-h≥
hn^-e-Ip-Spw_x ˛ IpSpw-_-kp-J-an-√m-Ø-h≥
IpP-\-k-amPx ˛ NoØ Bfp-IfpsS Iq´p-sI´v
IpZ-i-\-N£px ˛ ]√n\pw IÆn\pw XI-cmdv
aXn-kp-X-hn-Zym-hn-`hhnlot\m ˛ _p≤n, a°ƒ, hnZy, hn`hw C√m-Ø-h≥
cn]p-lr-X-hnØx ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ Ih¿∂ hnØ-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.
(60)
Acn-]-cn-`qXx kl-P-hn-lot\m
a\kn hnet÷m lX-_-e-hnØx
A\p-Nn-X-I¿Ωm {ia-]-cn-Jnt∂m
hnIr-Xn-KpWx kymZnXn arXn-tbm-tK.
arXn-tbm-K^ew
(aq-∂mw-`m-hw, aq∂mw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)
arXn-tbm-tK ˛ arXn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
Acn-]-cn-`qXx ˛ i{Xp-°-fm¬ Ah-am-\n-°-s∏-´-h≥
kl-P-hn-lot\m ˛ ktlm-Z-c-cn-√m-Ø-h≥
a\kn hnet÷m ˛ a\- n¬ e÷-bn-√m-Ø-h≥
lX-_-e-hnØx ˛ _ehpw [\hpw \in-®-h≥
A\p-Nn-X-I¿Ωm ˛ DNn-X-a-√mØ I¿Ω-߃ sNøp-∂-h≥
{ia-]-cn-Jnt∂m ˛ A≤m-\w-sIm- p £oWn-®-h≥
hnIr-Xn-KpWx ˛ hn]-co-X-kz`mhKp-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.
126
(61)
amXr-hm-l-\-kp-l-r-’p-J-`qjm
_‘p-`n-¿hnc-lnXx ÿnXn-iq\yx
ÿm\-am-{in-X-a-t\\ lXw kymXv
Ipkv{Xn-bm-a-`n-cXx Iplp-tbm-tK.
Iplp-tbm-K-^ew
(\memw-`m-hw, \memw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)
Iplp-tbm-tK ˛ Iplp-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
amXrhm-l-\kp-l-rXv ˛ amXmh v , hml\w, -kplr-Øp-°ƒ-
kp-J `qjm _‘p-`n-x ˛ kpJw, -B`-c-W-߃, _‘p-°ƒ
hnc-lnX ˛ F∂nh C√m-Ø-h≥
ÿnXn-iq\yx ˛ ÿnXn (sXm-gn¬)- C√m-Ø-h≥
ÿm\-am-{in-X-a-t\\ lXw ˛ B{i-b-ÿm\w \jvS-s∏-´-h≥
Ipkv{Xn-bm-a-`n-cXx ˛ NoØ- kv{Xo-I-fn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≈-h≥
(62)
ZpxJ-Po-hy-\r-X-hm-K-hn-thIo
h©tIm arX-kp-tXm- f ]y-\-]Xyx
\mkvXn-tIm f ¬]-IpP-\w- `-P-tX f ku
Lkvatcm `hXn ]ma-c-tbm-tK.
]ma-c-tbmKw
(A©mw`m-hw, A©mw- m-hm-[n-]-Xn)
]ma-c-tbm-tK ˛ ]ma-c-tbm-KØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
ZpxJ-Po-hn ˛ ZpJnX≥
-A\r-X-hm-Iv ˛ AkXyw ]d-bp-∂-h≥
- Ahn-thIo ˛ Ahn-thIn
h©tIm - ˛ h©-I≥
arX-kp-X A]n A-\-]Xyx ˛ a°ƒ D- mhmXncn°pI,
D- mbm¬Øs∂ acn®pt]mhpI.
\mkvXn-tIm ˛ \mkvXn-I≥
A¬]- IpP-\w-`-P-tcku ˛ A¬∏-tcbpw Zp¿÷-\-ß-tfbpw
tkhn-°p-∂-h≥
LkvXtcm ˛ Xo‰-s°m-Xn-b≥, AXym¿Øn
(63)
kpJ-t`m-K-`m-Ky-Zr-V-Km-{X-kw-bptXm
\nlXm-lntXm `hXn ]m]-`o-cpIx
{]Yn-X-{]-[m-\-P-\-h-√t`m [\˛
ZypXn-an-{X-Io¿ØnkpX-hmw› l¿jPx.
127
l¿j-tbm-K^ew
(Bdmw`m-hw, Bdmw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)
l¿jPx. ˛ l¿j-tbm-K-Øn≥ P\n-®-h≥
kpJ-t`m-K ˛ kpJ-t`m-K-߃
`m-Ky ˛ `m-Kyw
- Zr-V-Km-{X ˛ IcpØp≈ icocw
kw-bpt‡m ˛ Ch-bp-≈-h≥
\nln-Xm-lntXm ˛ CjvS-an-√m-Ø-hsc, i{Xp°sf,
Iog-S°p-∂-h≥
]m]-`o-cpIx ˛ ]m]w-sN-øp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ `ocp
{]Yn-X-{]-[m-\-P-\-h-√t`m ˛ {]kn-≤-cpw {][m-\n-I-fpambhcpsS \mb-I≥
[\ZypXn-an-{XIo¿ØnkpX-hm≥ N ˛ [\hpw Im¥nbpw an{Xßfpw Io¿Ønbpw
a°-fpw D-≈-h\pw
`hXn ˛ BIp-∂p.
(64)
kz]-Xv\o-hn-tbmKw ]c-kv{Xo-c-Xo-—mw
Zpcm-tem-I-a-≤zm\-k-©m-c-hrØnx
{]ta-lm-Zn- Kp-lym-¿-Øn-ap¿ho-i-]oUmw
htZ-±p-jvIrXu _‘p-[n-°m-c-tim-Iw.
ZpjvIr-Xn-tbm-K^ew
(Ggmw`m-hw, Ggmw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)
Zp-jvIrXu ˛ ZpjvIr-Xn-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
kz]-Xv\o-hn-tbmKw ˛ `mcym-hn-tbmKw
]c-kv{Xo-c-Xo- ˛ ]ckv{Xo _‘w
Zpcm-tem-I ˛ ImgvNi‡n Ipdhv
A-≤zm\- ˛ A≤m\w
k-©m-c-hrØnx ˛ bm{Xmt¢iw
{]ta-lm-Zn ˛ {]talw XpSßnbh
-Kp-lym-¿-Øn ˛ KplytcmKw
- D¿ho-i-]oUmw ˛ cmPtIm]w
_‘p-[n-°m-c-tim-Iw. ˛ _‘p°ƒ [n°cn®Xns‚ ZpJw
(65)
Zo¿Lm-bp-jvam≥ ZrV-a-Xn-c-`bx
{ioam≥ hnZym-kp-J-[-\-k-lnXx
kn≤m-cwt`m PnX-cn-]p-c-atem
hnJym-XmJyx {]`-hXn kc-tf.
kc-f-tbm-K^ew (F´mw`mhw, F´mw`mhm[n]Xn)
kc-tf ˛ kc-f-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
Zo¿Lm-bp-jvam≥ ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp v
128
ZrV-a-Xn- ˛ ZrV-_p≤n
A-`bx ˛ `b-an-√m-Ø-h≥
{ioam≥ ˛ {ioam≥
hnZym- kp-J [-\ k-lnXx ˛ hnZy, kpJw, -[\w Ch-bp-≈-h≥
kn≤m-cwt`m ˛ XpS-ßp-∂-sX√mw t\Sp-∂-h\pw
PnX-cn-]p- ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn-°p-∂-h≥
A-atem ˛ \n¿Ω-e≥
hnJym-XmJyx ˛ {]kn-≤≥
{]`-hXn ˛ (F∂nßs\) hncmPn°p-∂p.
(66)
]n{Xm¿÷nXt£{X-Kr-lm-Zn-\m-i-I-rXv
km[q≥ Kpcq≥ \nμXn [¿Ω-h¿÷nXx
{]Xv\m-Xn-Po¿Æmw-_-c-`r® Zp¿§tXm
\n¿`m-Ky-tbmtK _lp-ZpxJ`mP-\x.
\n¿`mKy-tbm-K^ew
(HºXmw`mhw, HºXmw `mhm[n]Xn)
\n¿`m-Ky-tbmtK ˛ \n¿`m-Ky-tbmKØn¬ P\n-®-h≥
]n{Xm¿÷nX t£{X-Kr-lm-Zn \m-i-I-rXv˛ ]nXmhp kºm-Zn® ÿew, hoSv
XpS-ßn-bh- \in-∏n-°p-∂-h≥
km[q≥ Kpcq≥ \nμXn ˛ k÷\ßtfbpw Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m- tcbpw
\nμn-°p-∂-h≥
[¿Ω-h¿÷nXx ˛ A[m¿ΩnI≥
{]Xv\m-Xn-Po¿Æmw-_-c-`r® ˛ ]g-In-°o-dnb hkv{X-߃ [cn-°p-∂-h≥
Zp¿§tXm ˛ KXn-sI-´-h≥
_lp-ZpxJ`mP-\x. ˛ hfsc ZpJ-ß-ƒ°p ]m{Xambh≥
(67)
ico-c-{]-bmsskx IrXw I¿a bØZv˛
{htP-∂n-jv^-eXzw eLpXzw Pt\jp
P\-t{Zm-l-Imco kzIp-£nw`cnx kym˛
ZP{kw {]hmko N Zptcym-K-Pm-Xx.
Zptcym-K-^ew
(]Ømw`m-hw, ]Ømw`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)F
Zptcym-K-Pm-Xx ˛ Zptcym-K-Øn¬ P\n-®h≥
ico-c-{]-bmsskx ...∂n-jv^-eXzw ˛ sNøp∂Imcy-ßsf√mw \n-jv^-e-am-bn-t∏m-Ipw.
eLpXzw Pt\jp ˛ P\-߃°p aXn∏p- mhpIbn√
P\-t{Zm-l-Imco ˛ P\-t{Zmln
kzIp-£nw`cnx ˛ kz¥w hb¿ \nd-bv°p-∂ ImcyØn-¬
am{Xw Xm¬∏cyap≈h≥
AP{kw {]hmko ˛ F∂pw A\y\m´n¬ hknt°- nhcp∂h≥
129
(68)
EW-{KkvX Dt{Km Zcn-{Zm-{K-KtWym
`thXv I¿-Æ-tcmKo N ku{`m-{X-lo\x
AIm-cy-{]-hrØo ckm-`m-k-hmZo
]c-t{]-jyIx kym±-cn-{Zm-Jy-tbm-tK.
Zcn-{Z-tbm-K^ew (]Xns\m∂mw`m-hw, ]Xns\m∂mw`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)
Z-cn-{Zm-Jy-tbm-tK ˛ Zcn-{Z-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
EW-{KkvX ˛ IS-s°-Wn-bn¬ s]´-h≥
Dt{Km ˛ D{Kkz`mhw
Zcn-{Zm-{K-KtWym ˛ AXn-Z-cn-{Z-≥
I¿-Æ-tcmKo N ˛ I¿-Æ-tcmKn
ku{`m-{X-lo\x ˛ \√ -k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cn-√m-Ø-h\pw
AIm-cy-{]-hrØo ˛ th- m-Ø- Imcy-ß-fn¬ sN∂pNmSp-∂-h-\pw.
ckm-`m-k-hmZo ˛ I]S\mSy°mc≥
]c-t{]-jyIx ˛ a‰p≈hcpsS Zmkythe sNøp∂h≥
(69)
In-©n-Zzytbm `qcn-[-\m-`n-hr≤nw
{]bm-Xybw k¿h-P-\m-\p-Iqeyw
kpJo kzXt{¥m al-\o-b-hr-Øn¿˛
KpssWx {]XotXm hna-tem-¤-hx -kymXv
hna-e-tbm-K-^ew
(]{¥mw`m-hw, ]{¥mw`m-hm-[n-]-Xn)
hna-tem-¤-h ˛ hna-e-tbm-K-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
In-©n-Xv hytbm ˛ Nnehp Ipdhv (hyb`mhw A\pIqew)
`qcn-[-\m-`n-hr≤nw ˛ hfsc [\m-`n-h-r≤n
k¿h-P-\m-\p-Iqeyw ˛ k¿hcptSbpw B\pIqeyw
kpJo ˛ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥
kzXt{¥m ˛ kzX-{¥≥
al-\o-b-hr-Øn ˛ al\obamb Imcy߃ sNøp-∂-h≥
KpssWx {]XotXm ˛ kZvKp-W-߃°p t]cp tI´-h≥.
-
(70)
On-{Zm-cn-hy-b-\m-bImx {]_-eKmx
tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm{inXm
e·-thym-a-N-Xp¿∞-`m-Ky-]-Xbx
jUvc{‘-cnx-^-ÿnXmx
\n¿hocym hnK-X-{]`m bZn XZm
ZptcymK Gh kvarX˛
kvXZvhykvtX kXn tbmK-hm≥ \c-]-Xn¿˛
`q]x kpJo [m¿Ωn-Ix.
130
Hcp ZptcymKhpw ktZymKhpw
1. ZptcymKw On{Z Acn hy-b- \m-bImx {]_-eKmx˛ 8, 6, 12 `mh-\m-Y-∑m¿ {]_e-cmbn
tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-WB{inXm ˛ tI{μw (1,4,7,10) {XntIm-Ww (5, 9) Ch-bn¬
\n¬°pIbpw
e·- thym-a-N-Xp¿∞`m-Ky]-Xb x ˛ e·w, ]Øv, \mev-, HºXv `mhm-[n-]-∑m¿
\n¿hocym hnK-X-{]`m ÿnXmx ˛ Zp¿∫-e-cmbn, civan _e-an-√msX
jUv c{‘-cn-^ ˛ Bdv, ]{¥- v-, F´v Cu `mh-ß-fn¬
\n¬°p Ibpw sNbvXm¬
ZptcymK Gh kvarX ˛ AsXmcp ZptcymKamWv
2. ktZymKw XZv -hytkvX kXn ˛ CXn∂p hn]-co-X-ambn ˛˛Zpÿm\\mY∑-m¿
Zp¿∫ecmbn Zpÿm\ßfnepw tI{μ
{XntImW \mY∑m¿ _ehm∑-mcmbn
tI{μ{XntImWßfnepw ˛˛ \n∂m¬
tbmK-hm≥ ˛ `mKyhm≥
[\-]-Xn¿ ˛ [\-hm≥
`q] ˛ cmPmhv
kpJo ˛ kpJ-ap-≈-h≥
[m¿Ωn-Ix. - ˛ [m¿Ωn-I≥.
131
A≤ymbw 7 kzXxkn≤cmPtbmK߃
cmP-hwi-Øn¬ P\n-°p-∂-h¿°p≈ cmPtbmKßsf°pdn®mWv C\n ]dbp-∂Xv.
]mc-ºcycmPm-°-∑mcn√mØ C°m-eØv kmlNcyw hgntbm kz{]-b-Xv\w-sImt- m
h∂p tNcm-hp∂ A[n-Im-chpw kºØpw kpJ-ßfpw Cu tbmKßsf-sIm- p Nn¥n-
°-Ww.
(1)
{XymssZyx tJssSx tkzm®ssKx tI{μ-kwssÿx
kz¿£-ssÿ¿hm `q]Xnx kymXv {]kn≤x
]©m-ssZy-kvssX-c-\y-hw-i-{]-kqtXm f ˛ ]yp¿Δo-\mtYm hmc-Wm-izu-L-bp-‡x.
tbmKw 1 (Hcp PmXIØn¬)
{XymssZy tJssSx - ˛ aqt∂m \mtem {Kl-߃
D®ssK hm kz¿£-ssÿ ˛ D®Øntem kzt£{XØntem \n¬°pIbpw
tI{μ-kwssÿ ˛ B cminIƒ tI{μ-w (1˛4˛7˛10) BhpIbpw
sNøpI (Aßns\ h∂m¬ Abmƒ)
{]kn≤ `q]Xn kymXv ˛ {]kn-≤-\mb cmPm-hm-Ipw.
tbmKw 2
.ssX - ˛ Ah (Aßns\bp≈ {Kl߃)
]©m-ssZy- ˛ At©m AXn-e-[n-Itam (Ds- -¶n¬)
A\y-hw-i-{]-kqX ˛ cmP-hw-iØn-e√ P\-\-a-s√-¶nepw
(AXmbXv, km[m-c-W-°mc\mbmepw)
hmc-W Aizu-L bp-‡ ˛ B\Iƒ,IpXn-cIƒXpS-ßn-b-h- tbmSpIq-Snb
- D¿Δo-\mYm ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
(2)
`q]mx kyp¿\r-]-hw-i-PmkvXp bZn Zp˛
tcymtK \(1) PmXm-kvXYm
ly¥[n¿\ln tNXv Icm-±n-\-Icm
÷mXmx -kv^p-c-t¥yh tX.
XymssZyx tI{μ-KssXx kzt`m-®-k-ln-ssX¿˛
`qt]m-Zv`hmx ]m¿∞nhmx
a¿Øym-kvXz-\y-Ip-tem-¤hmx £nXn-]-tX˛
kvXpeymx IZm-Nn-∂r]mx.
132
tbmKw 3
bZn Zp¿tbmtK \ PmXmx - ˛ P\-\-Øn¬ Zptcym-K-ßsfm∂pans√¶n¬
`q]mx kypx \r-]-hw-i-Pmx ˛ cmP-hw-i-Øn-¬ P\n®h≥ cmPmhmIpw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw:
sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ Zptcym-tK\- ˛ Zptcym-K-Øn¬ P\n®h\mbmepw F∂mWp
ImWp∂Xv.
tbmKw 4
ly¥[n¿\ln tNXv Icm-±n-\-Icm
÷mXmx -kv^p-c-t¥yh tX ˛ AXn¬Øs∂ {Kl-߃°p auVyw
Cs√-¶n¬ tXPkznbmb cmPm-hm-Ipw.
tbmKw 5
{XymssZyx - ˛ aqt∂m AXn-e-[n-Itam {Kl-߃°p--
tI{μ-KssXx kz`D®k-ln-ssXx tI{μÿnXnbpw AtXm-sSm∏w
kzt£{XÿnXntbm, D®ÿnXntbm
IqSn-bp-s- -¶n¬
`qt]m-Zv`hmx ˛ cmP-hw-i-P-\m-sW-¶n¬
]m¿∞nhm ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
A-\y-Ip-tem-¤hmx a¿Øym-kvXp˛ cmP-hw-i-P\s√-¶n¬°qSn
Cu tbmK-ß-fp-s- -¶n¬
£nXn-]-tX Xpeymx ˛ cmPm-hn\p Xpeyt\m
IZm-NnXv \r]mx ˛ Nne-t∏mƒ cmPmthm BIpw.
(3)
btZy-tIm f ]n hncm-PnXmwip\n-I-c-x
kp-ÿm-\tKm h{ItKm
\oN-tÿm f ]n(1) ItcmXn `q]-kZriw
Zzu hm {Xtbm hm {Klmx
Ghw tN÷-\-b¥n `q]Xnaao
ikvXmwi cmin-ÿn-Xm
kZz-t®-Zv _lthm \r]w ka-Ip-S-˛
-O-t{Xm-√-k-®m-a-cw.
tbmKw 7
bZn G-I A]n ˛ Hcp {Klsa¶nepw-
\oN-ÿ A]n ˛ AXp \oN-Øn-em-sW¶n¬t∏mepw (1)
Awip\n-I-c ˛ civan-_-e-tØmsS-
kp-ÿm-\tKm ˛ ip`ÿm\Øpw (6˛8˛12 Hgn®p≈h ip`w)
h{ItXm ˛ h{I-Ønepw
hncm-PnX ˛ hncm-Pn-°p∂psh¶n¬
`q]-Xn-kZriw ItcmXn {Klmx ˛ cmPm-hn\p Xpeyw {]Xm]w \¬Ip∂p.
(1) \oNÿntXm]n F∂Xn\v \oNIpSpw_Øn¬ P\n®m¬t∏mepw F∂ A¿∞ amWv
sImSpß√q¿]Xn∏n¬ sImSpØncn°p∂Xv. \oNÿnXn km[mcWKXnbn¬ cmin ÿnXn
sb ImWn°p∂XmWv.
133
tbmKw 8
.Zzu hm {Xtbm hm {Klmx ˛ c- v As√-¶n¬ aq∂v {Kl-߃
Ghw ˛ C{]-Imcw
ikvXmwi cmin-ÿn-Xm ˛ ip`-cm-iyw-i-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ
P\-b¥n `q]Xnaao ˛ P\n-®m¬ cmPmhv BIpw.
tbmKw 9
XZz-t®-Zv _-lthm ˛ Cßs\ _e-ap≈ IqSp-X¬ {Kl-߃
Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ Ccp-∂m¬
ka-Ip-S -O-{X Nm-a-cw \r]w ek-Xv ˛ Inco-Sw, sh¨sIm-‰-°pS, sh©m-acw
Ch-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb cmPm-hmbn ]cn-e-kn-°pw.
(4)
Zzu hm {XymZym ZnKv_-e-bp‡m bZn PmXx
£vam`r-Zzwti `qan-]-Xn-x kym-÷-b-ioex
lnXzm aμw ]©-JKm ZnKv_-e-bp-‡m˛
›Xzmtcm hm `q]-Xn-c-\ym-\z-btPm f ]n.
tbmKw 10
Zzu hm {XymZym ˛ c- v As√-¶n¬ aq∂p {Kl-߃
ZnIv_-e- bp‡m* ˛ ZnKv_-e-ap-≈-hcm-sW-¶n¬
£vam`r-Zzwti bZn PmXx ˛ £{Xn-b-hw-i-Øn¬ P\n-®m¬
P-b-ioex `qan-]-Xn- kymXv- ˛ Pb-io-e-ap≈ cmPmhv BIpw
tbmKw 11 lnXzm aμw ˛ i\n- Hgn®v
NXzmtcm hm ]©-JKm ˛ \mev As√-¶n¬ A©v {Kl-߃°p
ZnKv_-e-bp-‡m ˛ ZnIv_-e-ap-≈-t∏mƒ P\n-®m¬
-A-\y A\z-btPm A]n ˛ A\y-hw-i-Øn¬ P\n-®mepw
`q]Xn ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
* Zn-Iv_ew: (A≤ymbw 4, t«mIw 2)
{Klw `mhw
chn, IpP≥ 10
N{μ≥, ip{I≥ 4
_p[≥, hymygw 1
i\n 7
(`mh-a-≤y-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-Zn-Iv _-ew)
(5)
KtWm-Øta e·-\-hmw-i-tIm-ZvKta
\nim-I-c-›m]n KtWm-Øta f ]n hm
NXp¿{K-ssl-›-{μ-hn-h¿÷n-ssX-kvXZm
\nco-£nXx kymZ-[-tam-¤thm \r]x.
tbmKw 12
KtWm-Øta e·-\-hmw-i-tIm-ZvKta ˛ e·w h¿t§m-Ø-a-\hmw-i-Øn¬
134
Bbn-cn-°pI,
\nim-I-c-x N A]n KtWm-Øta]n hm ˛ As√¶n¬ N{μ≥ h¿t§m-Ø-a-
\hmw-i-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°pI,
N-{μ-hn-h¿÷n-ssX NXp¿{K-ssl ˛ (AhntSbv°p) N{μs\mgn®v \mep-
{K-l-ß-fm¬
\nco-£nXx kymXv ˛ t\m°-s∏-SpI
CXp c- pw HØp h∂m¬
A-[-tam-¤thm \r]x. --˛ Xmgv∂ Ipe-Øn¬ P\n-®mepw cmPm-hm-Ipw.
(6)
hne-t·ix tIt{μ bZn X]kn h¿t§m-Ø-a-KXx
kzXpwtK kz¿t£ hm Kpcp-]-Xn-c]n kymZyZn XYm
KPkvIt‘ Im¿Ø-kz-c-Ir-X-hn-am-t\ f Xn kpjta
kpJm-ko\w `q]w P\-bXn ek-®m-a-c-bp-Kw.
tbmKw 13, tbmKw 14 hne-t·ix tIt{μ X]kn ˛ e·m-[n-]≥ tI{μ-Øntem HºXntem
h¿t§m-Ø-a-KX ˛ h¿t§m-Ø-amwi-Øn¬ \n¬°p-I,
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
Kpcp-]-Xn- A]n kymXv bZn ˛ Hº-Xmw-`m-hm-[n-]≥
kzXpwtK kz¿t£ ˛ D®--Øntem kzt£-{X-Øntem \n¬°pI,
XYm ˛ C{]-Imcw h∂m¬
KPkvIt‘ ˛ B\-∏p-dØv
Im¿Ø-kz-c-Ir-X- ˛ kz¿Æw sIm- p≈
kpjta hn-am-t\Xn ˛ at\m-l-c-amb hml-\Øn¬
ek-®m-a-c-bp-Kw ˛ sh©m-acßtfmsS
kpJm-ko\w `q]w ˛ kkpJw hmgp∂ cmPmhv BIpw.
(7)
\njm-Z-a]n ]m¿∞nhw P\-b-Xo-μp-cp-®-kz-`˛
ÿnX-{K-l-\n-co-£ntXm [h-f-Im-¥n-Pm-tem-÷zex
hnlmb X\p`w Iem-kv p-cnX ]q¿Æ-Im-¥n-»io
NXp-jvS-b-KtXm \r]w P\-bXn Zzn]mizm-\zn-Xw.
tbmKw 15
\njm-Zw A]n -˛ P\\w Im´m-f-Ipe-Øn-em-bmepw
P\-bXn ˛ P\\Øn¶¬
[h-f-Im-¥n-Pm-tem-÷zex ˛ sh◊-tbmsS Pzen-°p∂
Cμp- ˛ N{μ\v (]q¿Æ N{μ\v )
D-® -kz-` ÿnX ˛ D®w, kzt£{Xw Ch-bn¬ \n¬°p∂
-{K-l-\n-co-£ntXm ˛ {Kl-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn-bp-s- -¶n¬
]m¿∞nhw ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.
135
tbmKw 16
Iem-kv^p-cnX]q¿Æ-Im-¥n-x iin ˛ civan-_eap≈ N{μ≥ (]q¿ÆN{μ≥)
hnlmb X\p`w ˛ e·w Hgn®p≈
NXp-jvS-b-KtXm ˛ GsX-¶nepw tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
Zzn] Aiz A\zn-Xx. \r]w ˛ B\-Ifpw IpXn-c-Ifpw D≈ cmPm-hmIpw.
(8)
Aizn-\ym-ap-Z-b-KtXm `rKp¿{Ktl-ss{μ¿˛
ZrjvS-t›÷-\-bXn `q]Xnw PnXmcnw
\oNm-cn-Krl-a-]-lmb hnØ-kw-tÿ
et·-i- l Ihn\m _eo N `q]w.
tbmKw 17
Aizn-\ym-w D-Z-b-KtXm `rKp ˛ Aiz-Xn- e·ambn ip{I≥ AXn¬ \n¬°pI,
{Ktl-ss{μ ZrjvS tNXv ˛ B ip{I\p ip`{Kl-ZrjvSnbp- mIpI
Ch HØp h∂m¬
PnXmcnw `q]Xnw P-\-bXn ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn-°p∂ cmPm-hmIpw.
tbmKw 18
et·-i-\oNAcn-Kr-lwA]-lmb ˛ e·m-[n-]-≥ \oN-cm-in-ÿnXnbpw
i{Xp-t£{X-ÿnXn-bpw C√msX
Ihn\m kl ˛ ip{It\mSp-IqSn
_eo N ˛ _e-hm-\mbn
hnØ-kw-tÿ ˛ c- n¬ \n∂m¬
`q]w ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
9)
`ua-t›-Z-P-lcnNm]-e-·-kwÿx
]rYzoiw Ie-bXn an{X-tJ-S-ZrjvSx
I¿tatim \h-a-K-X› `mKy-\mtYm
a≤ytÿm `hXn \rt]m Pss\x {]i-kvXx.
tbmKw 19
AP- lcn Nm] -e-·- ˛ taSw, Nnßw, [\p Chbnsem∂p e·-ambn
AXn¬
an{X-tJ-S-ZrjvS ˛ an{X-{K-l-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn-tbmsS (cNKp)
`ua-t›Xv ˛ IpP≥
kwtÿm ˛ ÿnXn-sN-bvXm¬
]r∞oiw Ie-bXn ˛ cmPm-hmIpw.
136
tbmKw 20
I¿tΩtim \h-a-K-X› ˛ ]Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]Xn Hº-Xnepw
`mKy-\mtYm a≤ytÿ ˛ HºXmw `mhm-[n-]≥ ]Ønepw \n∂m¬
\rt]m `hXn Pss\x {]ikvXx ˛ P\-{]-i-kvX-\mb cmPm-hm-Ipw.
(10)
Nm]m¿t≤ `K-hm≥ kl-{k-In-c-W˛
-kvX-ss{Xh Xmcm-[nt]m
et· `m\p-kp-tXm f Xn-ho-cy-k-ln-X˛
- t zmt® N `q\-μ\x
btZyhw `hXn £ntX-c-[n-]-Xn-x
kw-{inXy Zqcw `b-˛
- {XkvXm Gh \a¥n bky -cn-]thm
ZKv≤mx {]Xm-]m-·n-\m.
tbmKw 21
Nm]m¿t≤ `K-hm≥ kl-{k-In-c-W-x- ˛ [\phns‚ BZy-]-Ip-Xn-bn¬ kqcy\pw
Xss{Xh Xmcm-[nt]m N{μ\pw
et· `m\p-kp-tXm AXn-ho-cy-k-ln-X˛ e·Øn¬ AXn_ehm-\mbn i\n-
tkzmt® N `q\-μ\x ˛ IpP≥ D®-Øn¬
btZyhw `hXn ˛ Ch HØp-h-∂m¬
£ntX-c-[n-]-Xnx kw-{inXy Zqcw `bm-Xv
{XkvXm Gh \a¥n bky-cn-]thm ZKv≤mx {]Xm-]m-·n-\m. ˛˛
{]Xm-]m-·n-bn¬ Zln-®p-t]m-Iptam F∂ `b-tØmsS i{Xp-°ƒ AI∂p amdn
\n∂p \a-kv°-cn-°p∂ {]Xm-]n-bmb cmPm-hmIpw.
(11)
kp[m-ar-Wm-tfm-]-a-_nw-_-tim-`nXx
iio \hmwti \fn-\o-{]n-bky
bZn £nXotim _lp-l-kvXn-]q¿Æx
ip`m› tIt{μjp \ ]m]-bp-‡mx.
tbmKw 22 kp[mar-Wm-tfm-]-a-_nw-_tim-`nXx iio
˛ sh≈-Øm-a-c-∏qt]mse tim`n-°p∂ _nw_-tØm-Sp-IqSnb N{μ≥ - -(]q¿ÆN-{μ≥) \fn-\o-{]n-bky \hmwti ˛ kqcy\hmw-i-Ønepw (NnßØnepw)
ip`m› ˛ ip`-{K-l-߃
\ ]m]-bp-‡mx. ˛ ]m]-{K-l-tbm-K-an-√msX
tIt{μjp ˛ tI{μ-ß-fnepw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p
bZn ˛ F¶n¬
_lp-l-kvXn-]q¿Æx ˛ hfsc B\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb
£nXotim ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.
137
(12)
\oNm-cn-h¿§-c-ln-ssX¿hn-l-ssKkv{Xn-`nkvXp
kzmwtim-]-ssK¿_ebpssXx ip`-Zr-jvSn-PpjvssSx
tKm£o-c-iw-J-[-htfm arK-em-RvO-\›
kymZ-ky- P-∑\n k `qan-]-Xn¿÷n-Xm-cnx.
tbmKw 23
\oNAcnh¿§c-ln-ssX ˛ \oNtam i{Xph¿§ÿnXntbm C√mØ
- hn-l-ssK {Xn`nkvXp ˛ aq∂p {Kl-߃
kzmwtim-]ssK ˛ kz\hmwißfn¬,
_e-bpssX- ˛ _e-hm-∑m-cmbn
ip`-Zr-jvSn-PpjvssS ˛ ip`-{K-l-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS \n¬°pIbpw
tKm£o-ciw-J-[-htfm arK-em-RvO-\› ˛ ]ip-hn≥ ]m¬, iwJv Ch-t]mse
sh◊bp≈ N{μ≥ (]q¿Æ-N-{μ-≥)
kymZ-ky- P-∑\n ˛ e·Øn¬ \n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬
k Pn- Xm-cnx `qan-]-Xn ˛ Ah≥ i{Xp-tP-Xm-hmb cmPm-hm-Ipw.
(13)
Ipap-Z-Ip-kp-a-_-‘pw t{ijvT-awiw(1) {]]∂w
bZn _e-k-ap-t]Xw ]iyXn thyma-Nmco
DZ-b-`-h-\-kwÿx ]m]-kw-t⁄m f ]n \ ssNhw
`hXn a\p-P-\mY km¿Δ- u-a- p-tZl.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛t{ijvTawKw
tbmKw 24
t{ijvT-awiw{]]∂w ˛ t{ijvTamb AwisØ ˛ AwKsØ ˛
˛ ]£_esØ {]m]n®
Ipap-Z-Ip-kp-a-_-‘pw ˛ N{μs\
DZb`h\kwÿx ˛ e·Øn¬ \nv¬°p∂
_ekapt]Xx thymaNmco ˛ _ehm\mb Hcp {Klw
bZn ]iyXn ˛ t\m°p∂psh¶n¬
km¿Δ- u-a kp-tZl a\p-P-\mY ˛ k¿Δ`qanbptSbpw A-[n-]\pw
ZrV-Km-{X\pw Bb cmPmhmIpw.
“...]m]-kw-t⁄m f ]n \ ssNhw ” F∂Xn\v “ e·Øn¬ ]m]¿ ]mSn√ ” F∂
A¿∞amWv Zn√n ]Xn∏pIfn¬ sImSpØncn°pXv. aebmfw ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ”e·Øn¬
\nv¬°p∂ {Klw ]m]\mbncp∂mepw ” F∂ hn]coXm¿∞hpw ImWp∂p.
(14)
Pothm _pt[m `rKp-kp-tXm f Y \nim-Itcm hm
[¿tΩ hnip-≤-`-ht\(1) kv^pSc-ivan-Pmemx
anss{X¿\n-co-£n-X-bpXm bZn kqXn-Imte
Ip¿h¥n tZh-k-Zriw \r]Xnw alm-¥w.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw hnip-≤-X-\hx
138
tbmKw 25 kqXn-Imte ˛ {]khkabØp
Pothm _pt[m `rKp-kp-tXm \nim-Itcm˛ hymgw, _p[≥, ip{I≥, N{μ≥ Ch-cn-sem-cp
{Klw
hnip-≤-`-ht\ [¿tΩ ˛ ip`-`-h-\-amb Hº-Xn¬
kv^pS-c-ivan-Pmemx ˛ civan-_-e-tØmsS \n¬°pIbpw
anss{X \n-co-£n-X- ˛ an{X-{K-l-Øns‚ ZrjvSntbm
bpXm ˛ tbmKtam D- m-hpIbpw
bZn ˛ sNøp-∂psh¶n¬ (Ch HØp h∂m¬)
tZh-k-Zriw alm¥w \r]Xnw Ip¿h¥n˛ tZh-Xp-ey-\pw alm\pw -Bb cmPm-hm-Ipw.
(15)
ipt{IUyu khn-Xp-x in-ip-kvXn-an-bptK tkzmt® N ]q¿Æ-»io
ZrjvSkv{Xo{hhn-tem-N-t\\ Zn\-Ir-t∑-tjm-Z-tb f ku \r]x
tk\m-bm-›-e-t\\ tcWp-]-S-ssecyky {]arjvtS chm˛
hkvX-{`m-¥n-k-am-Ipem Ia-en\o kt¶m-N-am-K-—-Xn.
tbmKw 26
ip{I CuUy khnXpxinip Xn-an-bptK ˛ ip{I≥, hymgw, i\n Ch¿ ao\-Ønepw,
]q¿Æ-x iio tkzmt® N ˛ ]q¿Æ-N-{μ≥ D®-Ønepw,
Zn\-IrXv ˛ kqcy\p
ZrjvS {Xo{hhn-tem-N-t\\ ˛ IpP-Zr-jvSnbpw,-
ta-jw D-Z-bw ˛ taSw e·amhpIbpw sNbvXm¬
(Ch HØp h∂m¬)
\r]x ˛ cmPmhv BIpw. Ct±-l-Øns‚˛˛
tk\m-bm ˛ tk\-I-fpsS
-N-e-t\\ ˛ \o°w- (]Stbm´w) sIm- v s]mßp∂
tcWp-]-S-sse ˛ s]mSn-]-S-eØm¬
{]arjvtS ({]-hn-jvtS) chm ˛ aßnb kqcy-s\-°- v
AkvX-{`m-¥n-k-am-Ipem ˛ AkvX-a-\-am-bn-sb∂ {`m¥n ({`aw) aqew
Ia-en\o ˛ Xma-c∏qhn\p
kt¶m-N-am-K-—-Xn ˛ kt¶m-Nw hcp-∂p. (Iqºp-∂p.)
(Cu cmPm-hn‚ ssk\yw am¿®vsNbvXp t]mIp-tºmƒ Db-cp∂ s]mSn-]-S-ew-sIm- p
kqcy≥ ad-bp-Ibpw AXp I- v AkvX-a-b-am-bn-sb∂p IcpXn Xma-c-∏q-hp-Iƒ Iqºm≥
XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂p kmcw. hf-sc-tbsd ssk\y-ap≈ cmPm-hm-Ip-sa-∂¿∞w.)
(16)
\oNm-cn-ssÿ-ccn`-h-ssKx jjvTZp›n-XvIssK¿hm
kutay(1) tkzm®w ]c-ap-]-K-ssX¿\n¿Ωssex tI{μ-ssK¿hm
B⁄mw bmtX inin-c-In-ctW I¿-°-Stÿ \nim-bm˛
taI-—{Xw {Xn`p-h-\-anZw bky k £{Xn-tbix. (1) ]mTt^Zw: ]mss]x ˛ sNdph≈n
139
tbmKw 27 (1) \oNAcnssÿ `-hssKx jjvTZp›n-XvIssKx-
˛ \oNØntem i{Xp-t£{XØntem \n¬°p∂ {KlßfpsS ÿnXn
3˛6˛11 Ifn¬ (Zpÿm\ßfn¬) BhpI
(2) kussayx tkzm®w ]c-ap-]-K-ssX\n¿Ωssex tI{μ-ssKx
˛ ip`-{K-l-߃ D®-Øn¬ \n¬°pI, B D®w tI{μ-amhpIbpw sNøpI
(3) \nim-bmw
˛ P\\w cm{XbnemhpI
(2) inin-c-In-ctW I¿-°-Stÿ B⁄mw bmtX
˛ N{μ≥ I¿°-S-Iw ]Ømw`mhambn -AXn¬ \n¬°pI,
(Ch HØp h∂m¬)
GI-—{Xw {Xn`p-h-\-anZw £{Xn-tbix.
˛ H‰ IpS-°o-gn¬ aq∂p temIhpw `cn-°p∂ cmPm-hv (GI—{Xm[n]Xn)
BIpw.
(17)
h¿t§m-Øta lna-I-c-x kIcx (1) ÿntXmwti
Ipcym-∑-lo-]-Xn-a-]q¿h-b-tim-`n-cmaw
bkym-iz-hr-μ-Jp-c-Lm-X-c-tPm-`n`qtXm
`m\px {]`m-X-i-int\m f \pI-tcmXn cq]w.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kIe
tbmKw 28
h¿t§m-Øta lna-I-cx k-Icx ÿntXmwti˛ N{μ≥ h¿t§ma-ØamwiØn¬
civan_e-tØmsS \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
A-]q¿h- b-tim-`n-cmaw a-lo-]-Xn ˛ A]q¿h-Io¿Øn-bp≈ cmPmhv BIpw.
bkyA-iz-hr-μ Jp-c-Lm-X c-tPm-`n`qtXm˛C-t±-l-Øn-s‚ IpXn-c-I-fpsS Ipf-ºp-Iƒ
X´n Dbcp∂ s]mSn-]-S-e-Øm¬
`m\px {]`m-X-i-int\m A\pI-tcmXn cq]w˛kqcy≥ {]`m-X-Ønse N{μ-s\-t∏mse
\njv{]-`-am-Ipw.
(18)
tI{μKu ln bZn Pohiim¶u
bky P∑\n N `m¿§-h-ZrjvSu
`q]-Xn¿`-hXn tkm f Xpe-Io¿Øn¿˛
\oNtKm bZn \ I›n-Znl kymXv.
tbmKw 29
bky P∑\n ˛ BcpsS P\-\-ØnemtWm
`m¿§-h-ZrjvSu Poh iim¶u ˛ ip{I-ZrjvSntbmsS hymghpw N{μ\pw
bZn tI{μKu k ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ ÿnXn-sNøp-∂X,v Ah≥
AXpe-Io¿Øn `q]-Xn `-hXn ˛ henb Io¿Ønam\mb cmPmhmIpw.
bZn \oNtKm ˛ Cu ÿnXn \oN-ØnemsW-¶n¬
\ I›n-Znl kymXv ˛ - tbmK^-e-an-√.
140
19)
PeNc-cm-in- \-hmw-iI Cμp˛
kvX\p-`-ht\ ip`Zx kzI-h¿t§
k ip`-Icx (1) Jep I- -Ibpt‡m(2)
`hXn \rt]m _lp-hm-c-W-\m-Yx.
]mT-t`Zw (1) Aip-`-Ic (2) I- -I-lo-t\m. (I]q¿) *
tbmKw 30
PeNc-cm-in -\-hmw-iI ˛ PecminIfn¬ (I¿°-S-Iw, aI-cw, ao\w)
H∂p \hmwiambn
ip`Zx kzI-h¿t§ ˛ kzh¿§_etØmsSbpw
ip`-Icx ˛ civan_etØmsSbpw
Cμp ˛ N{μ≥
X\p-`-ht\ ˛ e·Øn¬ \n¬°pI;
I- -I-bpt‡m -˛ (AXs√-¶n¬ Cßs\ _ehm\mbn)
tI{μßfnsem∂n¬ \n¬°p-I,
Cßs\ h∂m¬
_lp-hm-c-W-\m-Yx. ˛ At\Iw B\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb
\rt]m `hXn ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.
*I]qdns‚ hymJym\w
If at birth the Moon be in a watery sign and Navamsa identical with Lagna and also be in his own or benefic Varga, with no malefics in Kendra, the native becomes a King owning many elephants.
Z£ntW¥y≥ hymJym\ßfn¬ Aip`Ic≥ ip`Ic\pw, I- Ilo\w I- I
bp‡hpw BWv. AXmWv icnsb∂p tXm∂p∂p.
(20)
ipt{Im Poh-\n-co-£ntXm hnX-\ptX `qt]m-¤hw `q]Xnw
tZthtUym arK`w hnlmb X\ptKm atØ-`-bp‡w \r]w
tIt{μ P∑-]-Xn¿∫-em-[n-I-bpXx Ipcym-≤-cn-{Xo-]Xnw
ZrjvtS hmIv]-Xn\m _pt[ Z[Xn ]r∞zo-im® X—m-k-\w.
tbmKw 31 ---- ˛ 34
Poh ipt{I \n-co-£ntX ˛ ip{I\p hymgZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬
hnX-\ptX `qt]m-¤hw `q]Xnw ˛ kzXx-kn-≤-cm-P-tbm-K-amWv.
arK`w hnlmb X\ptKm ˛ aIcw Hgn®v Hcp cmin e·-amhpIbpw
AXn¬
tZthtUym ˛ hymgw \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
atØ-`-bp‡w \r]w ˛ B\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb cmPm-hv BIpw.
P∑-]-Xn _-em-[n-I-bpXx ˛ e·m-[n-]≥ _e-hm-\mbn
tIt{μ Ipcym-Xv [-cn-{Xo-]Xnw ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
141
hmIv]-Xn\m _pt[ ZrjvtS ˛ _p[\p hymgZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬
X—m-k-\w ]r∞zo-im® Z[Xn ˛ Ahs‚ I¬∏\ cmPm-°-∑mcpw
A\p-k-cn-°pw.
(21)
GtIm f ]yp®-t£-{XtKm an{X-ZrjvSx
IpcymXv `q]w an{X-tbm-Km-≤-\mVyw
kzmwti kqtcy kz¿£-K-›-{μamt›
t±im-[oiw kmiz-\mKw hn[-tØ.
tbmKw 35 GI A]n ˛ GsX-¶nepw Hcp {Klw
D®-t£-{XtKm ˛ D®-Øn¬ \n¬ °p-Ibpw
an{X-ZrjvSx ˛ AXn\p an{X-ZrjvSn
Ipcym¬ ˛ D- m-hpIbpw sNbvXm¬
`q]w ˛ Abmƒ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
an{X-tbm-Km-≤-\mVyw ˛ an{X-tbm-K-am-Wv D≈sX¶n¬ [\m-Vy-\mIpw.
tbmKw 36
kqtcy ˛ kqcy≥
kzmwti ˛ Xs‚ Awi-I-Ønepw
N-{μam ˛ N{μ≥
kz¿£-Kx- ˛ kzt£-{X-Ønepw \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
kmiz-\mKw ˛ IpXn-c-I-tfmSpw -B\-ItfmSpw IqSnb
tZim-[oiw ˛ cmPmhv BIpw.
(22)
aot\ ]q¿Æ-tPym-Xnjn an{X-K-l-ZrjvtS
Nt{μ temIm-\-μ-I-c- ym-∂r-]-apJyx
]q¿Æ-tPymXnx tkzm®-K-X-t›Øp-ln-\mw-ip˛
kvXymKm-[nIyw k÷-\-ikvXw PK-Zo-iw.
tbmKw 37
Nt{μ ]q¿Æ-tPym-Xnjn -˛ ]q¿Æ-N-{μ≥
an{X-{K-l-ZrjvtS ˛ an{X-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS
aot\ ˛ ao\-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
temIm-\-μ-I-c-kymXv ˛ temIm-\-μ-I-c-amb
\r-]-apJy ˛ cmP-ap-Jy-\m-Ipw.
tbmKw 38
]q¿Æ-tPymXnx -Xp-ln-\mw-ip ˛ ]q¿ÆN{μ≥
tkzm®-K-X- ˛ D®-Øn¬ (CShØn¬) \n∂m¬
142
k÷-\-ikvXw ˛ k÷-\-ßfm¬ {]iw-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂
PK-Zo-iw ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
D®cminbn¬ \n¬°p∂ ]q¿ÆN{μ≥ civan°pdhp≈h\mbncp∂mepw k÷\
ßfm¬ ]pIgvØs∏Sp∂h\pw Zm\ioe\pw Bb temIm[n]Xnbmbn `hn°pw F∂mWv
sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬ ImWpXv.
(23)
]m]m-kv{Xn-i-{Xp-`-hKm bZn P∑-\m-Ym˛
√·m-≤t\ IpP-_p[u ln_p-tI f ¿°-ip{Iu
I¿Ωm-b-e-·-k-lnXmx IpP-a-μ-Po-hm˛
kvXPv⁄m hZ¥n NXp-c-kvXznl cmP-tbm-Km≥.
tbmKw 39 ˛ 42
]m]m-x {Xni-{Xp`-hKm bZn P∑-\m-Ym¬ ˛ e·m-[n-]-\n¬\n∂pw 3, 6, 11 -
`mhß-fnembn ]m]-∑m¿ \n¬°p-I
e·m-Xv [t\ ˛ e·-Øn¬\n∂pw c- n¬
IpP-_p[u ˛ IpP\pw _p[-\pw-IqSn \n¬°pI
ln_p-tI A¿° -ip{Iu ˛ \men¬ kqcy\pw ip{I\pw IqSn
\n¬°pI
I¿Ω B-b -e-·- k-lnXmw ˛ 10, 11, e·w Ch-I-fn¬ {Ia-Øn¬
IpP -a-μ -Po-h ˛ IpP≥, i\n, hymgw F∂n-h¿ \n¬°pI
˛ Cßs\ h∂m¬
⁄m NXp-c-kvXznl cmP-tbm-Km≥ hZ¥n˛ hnZzm-∑m¿ \mep Xc-Øn-ep≈
cmP-tbm-K-߃ ]d-bp∂p.
(24)
Nt{μ f Xnan-{XmwiKtX kpZrjvtS
ipt{IW e£vaok-lntXm \r]- ymXv
XYm-ÿntX hmk-h-a-{¥n-ZrjvtS
]q¿tÆm [cn{Xnw ]cn-]m-e-tb-’x.
tbmKw 43
AXnan-{XmwiKtX Nt{μ ˛ AXn-an-{Xmw-iØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥
ipt{IW kpZrjvtS ˛ ip{I-\m¬ t\m°-s∏-´m¬
e£vaok-lntXm \r]- ymX ˛ sFiz-cy-hm-\mb \r]-\m-Ipw.
tbmKw 44
.XYm-ÿntX ˛ Aßs\bp≈ N{μs\
hmk-h-a-{¥n-ZrjvtS ˛ hymgw t\m°n-bm¬
]q¿tÆm [cn{Xnw ]cn-]m-e-tb-Xv k˛ `qan apgp-h≥ ]men-°pw.
(25)
emt`-i-[¿tΩ-i-[-t\-iz-cm-Wm˛
tatIm]n N{μ-{K-l-tI-{μ-h¿Øo
143
kz]p-{X-em-`m-[n-]-Xn¿Kp-cp-t›˛
ZJ-fikm-{am-Py-]-Xn-Xz-ta-Xn.
tbmKw 45
emt`-i- [¿tΩ-i [-t\-iz-cm-Wmw ˛ 11, 9, 2 `mhm-[n-]cn¬
GtIm]n ˛ Hcmƒ
N{μ-{K-l -tI-{μ-h¿Øo ˛ N{μs‚ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n¬°pIbpw,
kz]p-{Xem-`m-[n-]-Xn ˛ 2, 5, 11 `mh-ß-fn-sem-∂ns‚ A[n-]≥
Kp-cp-t›Xv ˛ hymg-am-hpIbpw sNbvXm¬
AJ-WvU-km-{am-Py-]-Xn-Xz-ta-Xn. ˛ AJ-WvU-km-{amPy]Xn-bm-Ipw.
\oN`wKcmPtbmK߃ (26)
\oN-ÿntXm P∑\n tbm {Klkym˛
Ø{Zm-in-\m-tYm f ]n XZp-®-\mYx
k N-{μ-e-·m-ZyZn tI{μ-h¿Øo
cmPm `th-≤m¿Ωn-I-N-{I-h¿Øn.
tbmKw 46 \oN-ÿntXm P∑\n {Kl- kymXv ˛ P\-\-k-a-bØp \oN-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂
{Kl-Øns‚
XXv cm-in-\m-Y A]n ˛ AXns‚ (\oNcmin-bpsS) \mYt\m
XXv D-®-\mY ˛ AXns‚ D®-cm-in-bpsS \mYt\m
N-{μ-e-·m-Zv ˛ N{μ-e-·-Øn¬\n∂pw
bZn tI{μ-h¿Øo ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
[m¿Ωn-I-N-{I-h¿Øn cmPm `thXv- ˛ [¿Ωn-jvT\mb cmPm-hmIpw.
XXv D®\mY ˛ hymJym\t`Zw:
1. (\oN)cmiy[n]s‚ D®cminbpsS A[n]t\m ˛ sNdph≈n
2. the planet that is exalted in the sign - Kapoor 3. \oNw {]m]n® cminbn¬ D®ap≈ {Klw ˛ tPymXnj\nL- p.
(27)
btZytIm \oN-K-X-kvX-{Zm-iy-[n-]-kvX-Zp-®]x tIt{μ
bky k Xp N{I-h¿Øo kakvX`q]m-e-h-μymw{Lnx.
tbmKw 47 bZn GtIm \oN-K-X
˛ GsXmcp {Kl-Øn\p GsXmcp cmin-bn¬ \oNw kw`-hn-°p-∂pthm
XXv cmiy-[n] ˛ B cm-inbpsS -\mYt\m
X-Xv D-®]x ˛ AXns‚ D®-cm-in-bpsS \mYt\m
tIt{μ ˛ e·tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
144
kakvX`q]m-e h-μymw{Lnx N{I-h¿Øo
˛ F√m cmPm-°-∑mcmepw hμn°s∏Sp∂ N{I-h¿Øn-bm-Ipw
(28)
bkvan≥ cmiu h¿ØtX tJN-c-kvX˛
{Zmio-ti\ t{]£n-X-t›’ tJSx
t£mWo-]mew Io¿Øn-a¥w hnZ-[ymXv
kpÿm\t›Xv(1) Inw ]p\x ]m¿∞n-th-{μx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: kpÿx kymt®Xv
tbmKw 48
bkvan≥ cmiu tJN-c- h¿ØtX ˛ bmsXmcp {Klw bmsXmcp cminbn¬
(\oNØn¬) \n¬°p∂pthm
tJSx XXv cmio-ti\ t{]£n-X-x tNXv ˛ B {Klw B cmin-\m-Y-\m¬
t\m°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
Io¿Øn-cXv\w t£mWo-]mew ˛ Io¿Øn-am-\mb cmPmhv BIpw.
kpÿm\x tNXv ]m¿∞n-th-{μx.... ˛ B cmin Hcp kpÿm-\w IqSnbm
sW¶n¬ ]n-s∂- ]dbm\pt- m?
(29)
\otN XnjvTXn bkvX-Zm{inX-Kr-lm-[otim hne-·m-ZyZm
N{μmZzm bZn -\o-N-Kky hnl-K-tkym-®¿£-\m-tYm f Yhm
tIt{μ XnjvTXn tNXv {]]q¿Æ-hn-`-hx -kym®-{I-h¿Øo- \rt]m
[¿-Ωn-jvtTm f \y-a-lo-i-h-μn-X-]-Z-kvtXtPm -b-tim -`m-Ky-hm≥.
tbmKw 49
\otN -XnjvTXn ˛ (bmsXmcp {Klw) \oN-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂pthm
b XXv - B{inX Kr-lm-[otim ˛ B \oNcmin-bpsS \mYt\m
bZn -\o-N-Kky hnl-K-tkym ˛ \oN-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-Øns‚
-D®¿£-\m-tYm ˛ D®-cm-in-bpsS \mYt\m
hne-·m-ZyZm AYhm N{μtZzm ˛ e·mtem As√-¶n¬ N{μmtem
tIt{μ XnjvTXn tNXv ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
{]]q¿Æ -hn-`-h- kymXv ˛ Ah≥ F√m hn-`-h-ß-tfmSpw
tX-tPm b-tim- ˛ tXP-t m-Sp-w bit mSpw IqSnb
`m-Ky-hm≥ [¿-Ωn-jvtT ˛ `m-Ky-hm\pw [¿-Ωn-jvT\pw Bb,
-A\y-a-lo-i-h-μn-X-]-Z ˛ a‰pcmPm-°-∑m¿ hμn°p∂]mZ-ßtfm-Spw-
IqSnb,
- N-{I-h¿Øo ˛ N{I-h¿ØnbmIpw.
(30)
\otN -b-kvXky \otNm-®-t`iu ZzmthI Gh hm
tI{μ-ÿ-t›-®-{I-h¿Øo `q]x kymZv `q]-h-μnX.
145
tbmKw 50 \otN ˛ \oN-Øn¬
-b- Xky ˛ bmsXm-cp -{K-l-amtWm \n¬°p-∂Xv
B {Kl-Øns‚
\oN ˛ \oNcmin-bp-sSbpw -
D-® ˛ D-®-cmin-bp-sSbpw
-t`iu ˛ \mY-∑m¿
Zzm ˛ c- ptam
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
GI Gh ˛ Hs∂-¶neptam
tI{μ-ÿ-t›Xv- ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
`q]-h-μnX ˛ cmPm-°-∑m¿ hμn-°p∂
N-{I-h¿Øo `q]x kymXv ˛ N{I-h¿Øn-bm-Ipw.
Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ \oN-ap≈ {Klßsf ImWp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {i≤n-°p-I: \oN-`wK
cmP-tbm-K-ap-- m-Imw.
146
A≤ymbw 8
`mhm{i-b-^ew- (HºXp {Kl-߃ ]{¥- p `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ ^e-߃)
{Kl-Im-c-I-Xzw, `mhm-[n-]-Xyw, `mhÿnXn F∂nh A\p-k-cn-®mWv {Kl-߃ ^e-w
\¬Ip-I. CXn¬ `mh-ÿn-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ip`-∑m¿ kpÿm-\-ß-fnepw ]m]-∑m¿
Zpÿm-\-ß-fnepw A\p-Iq-e-^-esØ sNøpw F∂XmWv ASnÿm\XØzw. ^e-Zo-]nI
A\p-k-cn®v AjvS-a-cn-]p-hy-b-ßfpw (8-˛6˛12) PmX-I-N-{μnI A\p-k-cn®v {Xnj-Um-b-ßfpw
(3˛6-˛11) BWv Zpÿm-\-߃. F∂m¬ B \nbaw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ChnsS ]men®p ImWp-
∂n-√. {Kl-ß-fp-sS-bpw `mhß-fp-sSbpw KpW-tZm-j-߃, Imc-I-Xz-߃, `mh-Øn¬
\n¬°p∂ {Klhpw `mhm-[n-]\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, `mhm-¤m-h-Nn¥ XpSßn At\Iw
Imcy-߃ IW-°n-se-Sp-ØmWv HºXp {Kl-߃ ]{¥- p `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m-ep-- m-
Ip∂ ^e-߃ ChnsS ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]mT-t`-Z-ßfpw A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ßfpw ]Xn-
hp-t]mse C°m-cy-Ønepw kpe-`-am-Wv.
{Kl-߃ \n¬°p∂ `mh-ßsf am{X-a√, Ah-bpsS ZrjvSn hogp∂ `mh-ß-sf-°qSn
Ah-bpsS kzm[o\w _m[n-°p-sa∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw Hm¿Ωn-°-Ww.
{Kl߃ s]mXpsh A\pIqeamb `mh߃ {Klw A\p-Iq-e-w
c, Ip, a 3 6 10 11
N 6 8 12 Hgn®p≈h
_p 3 6 12 Hgn®p≈h
Kp 3 6 8 12 Hgn®p≈h
ip 3 6 7 Hgn®p≈h
k, in 3 6, 11
CXn¬ ]dbmØh s]mXpsh an{i^etam, {]Xn-Iqetam Bbncn°pw. ImcI≥ `mhß
fn¬ hcp∂ ÿeßfn¬ B {]tXyIhnjbØn¬ KpW^ew D- mhn√.
AXmbXv, ]m]-∑m-cmb kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n, cmlp, tIXp F∂n-h¿ ZpkvYm-\-ß-
fmb 3, 6 `mh-ßfn¬ A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]Xns\m∂n¬ F√m {Kl-ßfpw ]Øn¬
147
cmlp- tI-Xp-°ƒ Hgn-®p≈ Ggp {Kl-ßfpw A\p-Iq-e-am-Wv. 1 2˛¬ ip{I≥ am{Xhpw
8˛¬ _p[\pw ip{I\pw am{Xhpw KpWw sNøpw.
Cu A\p-Iq-e-^-e-Øns‚ Xo{hX {Kl-Øn-s‚bpw `mh-Øn-s‚bpw _e-a-\p-k-cn-®n-
cn-°pw. Cu ^e-߃ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Hmtcm {Kl-Øns‚bpw Zi, A-]-lm-cw- XpS-
ßnb Im-e-ßfnepam-bn-cn-°pw. ka-b-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\v tKmN-cmhÿ CXn-t\mSp tN¿Øp
Nn¥n-°-Ww. {Kl˛-`m-h-_-e-w Adn-bm-\p≈ am¿§w- t\csØ hnh-cn-®p. Zim-^ew ^e-Zo-
]nI ]sØm-ºXmw A≤ym-b-Ønepw Nmc-^ew Ccp-]-Øn-bmdmw A≤ym-b-Ønepw hnh-
cn°p∂p- v.
Imc-I≥ AtX Imc-I-Xz-ap≈ `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂Xv \√-X√ F∂ \nbaw IqSn
ChnsS Hm¿t°-- -Xp-- v. kqcy≥ ]nXr-Im-c-I-\m-Wv. `mh-ßfn¬ ]nXr-Im-c-IXzw Hº-Xn-
\pw. AXp-sIm- v Hº-Xn¬ s]mXpsh A\p-Iq-e-amb kqcy≥ ]nXm-hns‚ Imcy-
Øn¬am{Xw Aip`w sNøpw. AXp-t]mse cpNIw XpS-ßnb tbmK-߃ Dt- m- F∂p
t\m°n AX-\p-k-cn®v ChnsS ]d-™n-´p≈ ^eßfn¬ th- am‰w hcp-Ø-Ww.
1.kqcy≥
kqcy≥ kuay-\-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ 3, 6, 10, 11 F∂o `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m¬ A\p-Iq-ehpw
a‰p `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m¬ {]Xn-Iq-e-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]nXm-hns‚ Imcy-sam-gn-®m¬ Hº-Xnepw
kqcy≥ A\p-Iq-e-\m-Wv.
kqcy≥ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬ ico-c-{]-Ir-Xn-bnepw kz`m-h-Ønepw {]I-S-am-Ip∂
{]tXy-I-X-IfmWv - ASpØ t«mI-Øn¬ {][m-\ambpw ]d-bp-∂Xv. -e·-Øns‚ cmin,
cmiy-[n-]≥, kqcy≥, N{μ≥, e·-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw, e·-Øn-te-bv°p t\m°p∂
{Klw XpSßnbh Ah-bpsS _e-a-\p-k-cn®v Hcm-fpsS BIr-Xn-tbbpw {]Ir-Xn-tbbpw
kzm[o\n°p∂-Xmbn ImWp∂p- v. e·-Øn\pw Bfl-Im-c-I-\mb kqcy\pw _e-an-s√-
¶n¬ Abm-fpsS hy‡nXzw (Dƒ°-cp-Øv) Zp¿∫-e-am-bn-cn°pw.
(1)
et· f ¿t°m f ¬∏-INx {Inbme-k-Xax
t{Im[o {]N-WvtUm-∂tXm
am\o temN-\-cq-£Ix Iri-X\px
iqtcm- f £tam \n¿LrWx
kvt^mSm£x iint` {Intb kXn-ancx
knwtl \nim‘x ]pam≥
Zmcn-t{Zym-]-ltXm hn\-jvS-X-\tbm
PmX-kvXp-embmw `thXv.
1. et· A¿t° ˛ kqcy≥ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
A¬∏-INx ˛ XeapSn Ipd™h\pw
{Inbm Ae-k-Xa ˛ tPmen sNøm≥ aSnbp≈-h\pw
t{Im[o ˛ tZzjy-°mc\pw
{]N-WvU- ˛ i‡\pw
D∂X ˛ Db-c-ap-≈h\pw
148
am\o ˛ A`n-am\nbpw
temN-\-cq-£I ˛ ZrjvSn cq£-ambh\pw
Iri-X\p ˛ NS-®h\pw
iqtcm- ˛ iqc\pw
A£tam ˛ £-abn√mØh\pw
\n¿LrW ˛ Zb-bn-√m-Ø-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
cmin A\pkcn®p≈ {]tXyI^ew
iint` kvt^mSm£
˛ N{μ-cmin (I¿°-S-Iw) e·-am-hp-Ibpw kqcy≥ AXn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
t\{X-tcmKw,
{Intb kXn-anc
˛ taSw (D-®w) e·-am-hp-Ibpw kqcy≥ AXn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
Xnan-c-tcmKw,
knwtl \nim‘
˛ Nnßw (kz-t£-{Xw) e·-am-hp-Ibpw kqcy≥ AXn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
cm{Xn-bn¬ A‘X (am-e-°-Æv),
PmX- Xp-embmw
˛ Xpemw (\o-Nw) e·-am-hp-Ibpw kqcy≥ AXn¬ \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
Zmcn-t{Zym-]-ltXm hn\-jvS-X-\tbm
˛ Zmcn{ZyZpxJw, ]p{X-\m-iw F∂nh ^ew.
(2)
hnK-X-hn-Zym-hn-\-b-hnØw kvJen-X-hmNw [\-KXx
k_-e-iu-cy-{in-b-ap-Zmcw kzP\i{Xpw kl-P-Kx.
P\-b-Xoaw kplrZn kqtcym hnkp-J-_-‘p-£n-Xn-kp-lrXv
`h-\-bp‹w \r]Xn tkhw P\-I-k-º-Zvhy-b-I-cw.
2. [\-KX ˛ kqcy≥ c- n¬ \n∂m¬
hnK-X- hn-Zym -hn-\-b hnØw ˛ hnZy, hn\-bw, [\w Ch C√m-Ø-h\pw
kvJen-X-hmNw ˛ hm°n\p tNm¿-®-bp-≈-h\pw
(hn°p≈-h\pw) Bbn-cn°pw.
3. kl-P-K ˛ kqcy≥ aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬
k_-e- iu-cy -{in-b-w- DZmcw ˛ _ew, iucyw, sFiz-cyw, HuZmcyw
Ch-bp-≈-h\pw
kzP\i{Xpw-* ˛ _‘p°fpsS i{Xphpw Bbn-cn°pw.
( * ]mT-t`Zw: hnPnXi{Xpw ˛ i{Xp°sf Pbn°p∂h≥ )
4. kplrZn kqtcym
˛ kqcy≥ \men¬ \n∂m¬
hnkp-J- _-‘p -£n-Xn -kp-lrXv `h\ap‡w
˛ kpJw, _‘p-°ƒ, `qkz-Øv, kplr-Øp°ƒ, hoSv Ch C√m-Ø-h\pw
(]mTt`Zw: `h-\-bp‹w ˛ c- p `h\ßtfmSpIqSnbh\mbpw)
149
\r]Xn tkhw
˛ cmPm-hns\ tkhn-°p-∂-h\pw (C∂sØ \nebv°p k¿°m¿ tPmenbpw CXn¬
hcpw)
P\-I-k-º-Zvhy-b-I-cw
˛ ]nXr-kzØv hybw sNøp-∂-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
(3)
kpJ-[-\m-bp-kvX-\-b-lo\w kpa-Xn-am-fl-\y-S-hnKw
{]Yn-X-ap¿ho-]-Xn-a-cn-ÿx kp-Kp-W-k-º-Zzn-P-b-Kw
\r]-hn-cp≤w IpX-\p-a-kvtX f ≤z-K-a-Zm-cw -ly-h-aXw
lX-[-\m-bp- p-lr-Z-a¿t°m hnKXZr-jvSnw(1) \n-[-\-Kx
5. Bfl\n ˛ kqcy≥ A©n¬ \n∂m¬
kpJ -[-\ B-bp- X-\-blo\w ˛ kpJw, [\w, Bbp- v, a°ƒ Ch
C√m-Ø-h\mbpw
kpa-Xn-am-≥ ˛ _p≤n-am\mbpw
- A-S-hnKw ˛ Im´n¬ t]mIp-∂-h\mbpw `hn-°pw.
6. A-cn-ÿ ˛ kqcy≥ Bdn¬ \n∂m¬
{]Yn-X-D¿ho-]-Xnkp-Kp-Wk-º-Xvhn-P-b-Kw ˛ kZvKp-Whpw kºØpap≈,
hnP-bn-bmb, cmPm-hmIpw.
7. A-kvtX ˛ kqcy≥ Ggn¬ \n∂m¬
\r]-hn-cp≤w ˛ cmP-hn-tcm[w
IpX-\p- ˛ sshcq]yw
A-≤z-Kw ˛ hgn\SØw / Ae-®n¬
-A-Zm-cw- ˛ `mcy-bn-√m-Ø-h≥
A-h-aXw ˛ A]-am\w (F∂nh ^ew.)
8. A¿t°m \n-[-\-K ˛ kqcy≥ F´n¬ \n∂m¬
lX- [-\ Bbp- kp-lr-Z- ˛ [\w, Bbp- v, kplr-Øp-°ƒ Ch
C√m-Ø-h-\mbpw
hnK-X-ZrjvSn ˛ A‘≥
(]mT-t`Zw ˛ hnI-e-Zr-jvSn ˛ ZrjvSn-ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-h-≥ ˛ sNdph≈n)
(4)
hnP-\-tIm f ¿t° kkp-X-_-‘p-kvX-]kn tZh-Zzn-P-a-\mx
kkp-X-bm-\-kvXp-Xn-aXnx {io_e-bimx tJ £nXn-]-Xn
`h-K-tX f ¿t° _lp-[-\m-bp¿hn-K-X-timtIm P\-]Xnx
]nXp-c-ant{Xm hnI-e-t\t{Xm hn[-\-]pt{Xm hyb-K-tX.
9. X-]kn A¿t° ˛ kqcy≥ HºXn¬ \n∂m¬
hnP-\-tIm ˛ A—-\n-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw
kkp-X-_-‘p ˛ ]p{X-∑m-tcmSpw _‘p-°-tfmSpw
IqSn-b-h-\mbpw
150
- tZh-Zzn-P-a\m ˛ tZh-∑m-tcbpw {_m“-W-∑m-tcbpw _lp-am-
\n-°p-∂-h-\mbpw `hn-°pw.
10. tJ ˛ kqcy≥ ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬
kkp-X- bm-\ kvXp-Xn aXn {io _e bim £nXn-]-Xn
˛ ]p{X-∑mcpw hml-\-ßfpw {]ikvXnbpw _p≤nbpw sFiz-cyhpw _ehpw bi pw D≈
cmPm-hmbn `hn-°pw.
A¿∞t`Zw: kvXpXnaXn ˛ a‰p≈hsc°pdn®p \∂mbnam{Xw ]dbm\njvSs∏Sp∂h\pw
11. `h-K-tX A¿t° ˛ kqcy≥ ]Xn-s\m-∂n¬ \n∂m¬
_lp -[-\ B-bp ˛ [mcmfw [\hpw Bbp pw D≈-
hn-K-X-timtIm ˛ ZpJßfn-√mØ
P\-]Xn ˛ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
12. hyb-K-tX ˛ kqcy≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬
]nXpx- Aant{Xm ˛ ]nXm-hp-ambn i{XpXbpw
hnI-e-t\t{Xm ˛ IÆn\p sshIeyhpw D≈-h\pw
hn[-\-]pt{Xm ˛ [\hpw ]p{X\pw C√m-Ø-h-\pw Bbn`hn-°pw.
2. N{μ≥
]£-_-e-ap≈ ip`-\mb N{μs‚ ^e-amWv ChnsS ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F¥p-sIm-s- -
∂m¬ Zpÿm-\-ß-fmb 6,8,12 `mh-ß-fn¬ am{X-amWv ChnsS tZmjw ImWn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.
AtX Imc-Ww-sIm-- p-Xs∂ ]m]w hcp∂ £nW-N-{μs‚ ^ew ]m]-{Kl-߃°p≈
\nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-®v Nn¥n-°-W-sa∂phcp-∂p.
(5)
kntX Nt{μ et· ZrV-X-\p-c-Z-{`mbp --(1 ) c`tbm
_enjvtTm e£vao-hm≥ `hXn hn]-coXw £bKtX
[\mtVym f ¥¿hm-Wn hn-j-b-kp-J-hm≥ hmNn- hn-Iex (2)
ktlmt∞ k{`m-Xr-{]-a-Z-_-e-iu-tcym f Xn-Ir-]-Wx .
1. kntX Nt{μ et· ˛ shfpØ]£Ønse (]£_eap≈)
N-{μ≥ e·-Øn¬ \n-∂m¬
ZrV-X-\p- ˛ ZrV-Km-{X\pw
A-Z-{` B-bp ˛ hfsc B-bp p≈h\pw
(1) ]mTt`Zw: A\¬]mbp ˛ Zo¿Lmbp v D≈h\pw
- A`tbm ˛ \n¿`-b\pw
_enjvtTm ˛ _e-hm\pw
e£vao-hm≥ `hXn ˛ [\n-I\pw BIpw.
£bKtX ˛ N{μ\p ]£_e-an-s√-¶n¬
hn]-coXw ˛ ^e-ß-sf√mw hn]-coXambn-cn-°pw.
2. [\mtVym ˛ [\n-I\pw
A¥¿hm-Wn ˛ hnZzm-\pw
hn-j-b-kp-J-hm≥ ˛ hnjbkpJ-ß-f-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
hmNn ˛ N-{μ≥ c- n¬ \n-∂m¬
hn-Ie ˛ hnIe≥ ( Defective limb -- Kapoor)
151
]mTt`Zw: hmNn hnIe ˛ hnIehm°v
ip`\mb N{μ≥ c- n¬ A\pIqeamWv. `mhImcI\pa√. AXpsIm- v c- nse
_eap≈ N{μ≥ hm°n\p sshIeyw hcpØn√. .(_ean√mØ N{μ\msW¶n¬ apIfn¬
]d™ aq∂p ^eßfpw D- mhpIbpn√.) Xs∂bpa√, c- mw`mhsØ ImWn°m≥
hmNnb√msX as‰mcp hm°v ChnsS C√ Xm\pw.)
3. ktlmt∞ ˛ N-{μ≥ aq∂n¬ \n-∂m¬
k{`m-Xr {]-a-Z _e iutcym ˛ ktlm-Z-c-≥, aZw,- _ew, iucyw
Ch-bp-≈-h\pw
-A-Xn-Ir-]-W ˛ hfsc ]nip-°\pw BIpw.
(6)
kpJo -t`mKo XymKo kp-lrZn N kplrZzml\-b-im
k]pt{Xm(1) ta[mho arZp-KXn-c-am-Xy-x kp-X-KtX
£tX f ¬]m-bp-›-t{μ f - a-Xn-cp-Z-c-tcmKo ]cn-`ho
kvatc- Zr-jvtS -kutaym hc-bp-h-Xn-Im-t¥m f -Xnkp-kp-`-Kx.
4. kp-lrZn ˛ N-{μ≥ \men¬ \n-∂m¬
kpJo - ˛ kpJ-hm\pw (k-¥p-jvS-\pw)
t`mKo ˛ t`mK-ß-f-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
XymKo ˛ XymK-io-e\pw
kplrXv hml\ b-im ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ, hml-\-߃, bi v
F∂nh D≈-h-\pam-bn-cn-°pw.
5. kp-X-KtX ˛ N-{μ≥ A©n¬ \n-∂m¬
kp]pt{Xm ˛ \√ ]p{X-cp-≈-h\pw
ta[mho ˛ _p≤n-im-enbpw
arZp-KXn ˛ arZpKXnbpw
A-am-Xy- ˛ a{¥nbpw BIpw.
6. £tX -N-t{μ ˛ N-{μ≥ Bdn¬ \n-∂m¬
A¬]m-bp ˛ A¬∏m-bp pw
Aa-Xn ˛ _p≤n-bn-√m-Ø-h-\pw
- DZ-c-tcmKo ˛ -DZ-c-tcmKnbpw
]cn-`hn ˛ \nμn-X\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
7. kvatc ZrjvtS ˛ N-{μ≥ Ggn¬ \n-∂m¬
kutaym ˛ kuay\pw
hc-bp-h-Xo-Im-t¥m ˛ D-Ø-a-bmb `mcy-bp-≈-h\pw
- kp-kp-`-K ˛ kpμ-c\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
(7)
arXu tcmKy¬∏m-bp-kvX-]kn ip`-[¿Ωm-fl-kp-X-hm≥
Pbo kn≤m-cwt`m \`kn ip`-IrXv kXv{]n-b-Icx
a\kzo _lzm-bp¿[-\-X-\-b-`r-ssXy -l -`th
hytb tZztjym ZpJo ]nip-\(1)]-cn-`q-tXm- f e-k-X-ax.
152
8. arXu ˛ N-{μ≥ F´n¬ \n-∂m¬
tcmKn ˛ tcmKnbpw
A¬∏m-bp- ˛ A¬∏m-bp pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
9. X-]kn ˛ N-{μ≥ HºXn¬ \n-∂m¬
ip`- ˛ ip`\pw (`m-Ky-hm-\pw)
[¿Ωm-fl ˛ [¿Ωn-jvT\pw
- kp-X-hm≥ ˛ ]p{X-cp-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
10. \`kn ˛ N-{μ≥ ]Øn¬ \n-∂m¬
Pbo ˛ Pbn-°p-∂-h\pw
kn≤m-cwt`m ˛ XpS-ßp-∂-sX√mw t\Sp-∂-h\pw
ip`-IrXv ˛ \∑ sNøp-∂-h\pw
kXv{]n-b-Ic ˛ k÷-\-߃°v CjvS\pw -B-bn-cn-°pw.
11. `th ˛ N-{μ≥ ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n-∂m¬
a\kzo ˛ a\-kznbpw (k-∑-\- p-≈-h-\pw)
_lp Bbp [-\ -X-\-b -`r-ssXyx- kl -˛ hfsc Bbp- pw [\hpw ]p{X-∑mcpw
`rXycpw D≈-h-\mbn-cn-°pw.
12. hytb ˛ N-{μ≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n-∂m¬
tZztjym ˛ tZzjy°mc\pw
ZpJo ˛ ZpJn-X\pw
]-cn-`q-X ˛ A]-am-\n-X\pw
Ae-k-X-a ˛ Ae-k\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
* ]mT-t`-Zw: ]nip-\ ˛ GjWn°mc\pw
3. IpP≥
]m]-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ Zpÿm-\ßfmb 3, 6 `mh-ß-fnepw s]mXpth KpW-^ew
sNøp∂ 10, 11 `mh-ß-fn-epamWv IpP≥ A\p-Iq-ew.
(8)
£X-X-\p-c-Xn-{Iq-tcm f ¬∏-mbp--kvX\u L\-kmlko
hNkn hnaptJm \n¿hn-Zym¿∞x IptP IpP-\m-{inXx
kpKpW [\-hm≥ iqtcm f [r-jy-x kpJo hy\p-tPm f \ptP
kplrZn hnkp-lr-∑m-Xr-t£m-Wo-kp-Jm-e-b-hm-l-\x.
1. X\u ˛ IpP≥ e·Øn¬ \n-∂m¬
£X-X-\p ˛ £Xw (ap-dn-hv) D≈ icocw
- AXn-{Iq-c ˛ hfsc {Iqc≥
A¬∏-mbp ˛ A¬∏m-bp v
L\-kmlko ˛ AXn-km-lkw sNøp-∂-h≥ Ch ^ew.
2. hNkn IptP ˛ IpP≥ c- n¬ \n-∂m¬
hnaptJm ˛ hnapJ≥*
\n¿hn-Zym¿∞ ˛ hnZybpw [\hpw C√m-Ø-h\pw
IpP-\m-{inX ˛ Zp¿÷\-ßsf B{ibn°p-∂-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
153
* hnapJw F∂ hm°n\v Xm¬∏cyan√mØ, hne£Wamb apJap≈ Fs∂ms°
A¿∞w ]dbmw. D’mlan√mØh≥ F∂ A¿∞amWv Hcmƒ sImSpØncn°p∂Xv.
i\n c- n¬\n-∂mepw hnapJXzw ]dbp∂p- v. apJamb c- mw`mhØn¬ ]m]≥
\n∂m¬ hcmhp∂ A`wKnbmWv Dt±in°p∂sX∂p tXm∂p∂p. A\p`hØn¬, c- n¬
sNmΔbp≈ hcn¬ hm°nse aban√mbva BWv km[mcW {]ISambn ImWp∂Xv. Hcp
ap®p- pw A\p `hØnep- .v
3. A-\ptP ˛ IpP≥ aq∂n¬ \n-∂m¬
kpKpW ˛ kZvKp-W-ßfp≈h\pw
[\-hm≥ ˛ [\n-I\pw
iqtcm- ˛ iqc\pw
A[r-jy- ˛ AP-ø\pw
kpJo ˛ kpJ-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
hnA\p-tPm ˛ A\p-P-∑m-cn-√m-Ø-h-\pw -B-bn-cn-°pw.
(ImcI≥ `mhØn¬)
4. kplrZn ˛ IpP≥ \men¬ \n-∂m¬
hnkp-lr-Xv am-Xr -t£m-Wo- kp-J B-e-b- hm-l-\w
˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ, amXm-hv, `qan, kpJw,
hoSv, hml\w F∂nh C√m-Ø-h-\m-bn-cn-
°pw.
(9)
hnkp-J-X-\-tbm- f \¿∞-{]mbx kptX -]n-ip-t\m- f ¬][ox
{]_-e-a-Z\x {ioam≥ JymtXm cn]u hnPbo \r]x
A\p-Nn-X-Itcm tcmKm¿tØm f kvtX f [ztKm arX-Zm-c-hm≥
IpX-\p-c-[-t\m f ¬∏m-bp-›nt{Z IptP P\-\n-μn-Xx.
5. kptX ˛ IpP≥ A©n¬ \n-∂m¬
hnkp-J-X-\-tbm A-\¿∞-{]mb ˛ kpJw, a°ƒ, [\w Ch C√m-Ø-h-\mbpw
]n-ip-t\m ˛ GjWn°mc\pw
Aev][o ˛ aμ_p-≤nbpw BIpw.
6. cn]u ˛ IpP≥ Bdn¬ \n-∂m¬
{]_-e-a-Z\ ˛ i‡-amb Ima-ap-≈-h-\mbpw
{ioam≥ ˛ [\n-I-\mbpw
JymtXm ˛ {]i-kvX-\mbpw
hnPbo ˛ hnP-bn-bmbpw
\r] ˛ cmPm-hm-bpw `hn-°pw.
7. AkvtX ˛ IpP≥ Ggn¬ \n-∂m¬
A\p-Nn-X-Itcm ˛ DNn-X-a-√m-ØXp sNøp-∂-h-\mbpw-
tcmKm¿tØm- ˛ tcmKw-sIm- p ZpJn°p-∂-h\mbpw
-A[ztKm ˛ \S∂p hnj-an-°p-∂-h-\mbpw
arX-Zm-c-hm≥ ˛ hn`m-cy-\mbpw `hn-°pw.
154
8. Ont{Z IptP ˛ IpP≥ F´n¬ \n-∂m¬
IpX-\p ˛ hncq]nbpw
-A[-t\m ˛ [\-an-√m-Øh\pw
A¬∏m-bp- ˛ A¬∏m-bp pw
P\-\n-μn-X ˛ \nμn-X\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
(10)
\r]-kp-lr-Z]n tZztjym f XmX-x ipt` P\-Lm-XtIm
\`kn \r]Xnx {Iqtcm ZmXm {][m-\-Pss\x kvXpXx
[\-kp-J-bp-tXm- f tim-I-x iqtcm `th kpKpWx (1) IptP
\b-\-hn-IrXx {Iqtcm f Zmtcm hytb ]nip-t\m f [-ax
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kpioex
9. ipt` ˛ IpP≥ HºXn¬ \n-∂m¬
\r]-kp-lr-Xv ˛ cmPm-hns‚ kplrØpw
tZztjym ˛ tZzjy°m-c\pw
AXmX ˛ A—-\n-√m-Ø-h\pw
P\-Lm-XtIm ˛ P\-t{Zm-lnbpw Bbncn°pw.
10. \`kn ˛ IpP≥ ]Øn¬ \n-∂m¬
\r]Xn ˛ cmPmhpw
{Iqtcm ˛ {Iqc\pw
ZmXm ˛ Zm\-io-e\pw
{][m-\-Pss\x kvXpXx ˛ {][m-\n-I-fm¬ kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
11. `th ˛ IpP≥ ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n-∂m¬
[\-kp-J-bp-tXm- ˛ [\tØmSpw kpJtØmSpw IqSn-b-h\pw
Atim-I ˛ timI-an-√m-Ø-h\pw
-iqtcm ˛ iqc\pw
kpKpW ˛ KpW-hm\pw
`thXv Bbn-cn°pw.
12. hytb ˛ IpP≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n-∂m¬
\b-\-hn-IrX ˛ t\{X-ssh-Ieyap≈-h\pw
{Iqtcm ˛ {Iqc\pw
A-Zmtcm ˛ `mcy-bn-√m-Ø-h-\pw
]nip-t\m- ˛ GjWn°mc\pw
A[-a ˛ A[-a-\pw Bbn `hn-°pw.
4. _p[≥
ip`-\mb _p[≥ 6, 12 Hgn®p≈ F√m `mh-ß-fnepw KpWw sNøpw.
(11)
Zo¿Lmbp¿÷-∑\n t⁄ a[p-c-N-Xp-c-hmIv
k¿h-im-kv{Xm¿∞-t_m-[x
kymZv _pt≤ym-]m¿÷n-Xkzx Ihn-c-a-e-hNm
hmNn-arjvSm-∂-t`m‡m
155
iutcyx iqcx -k-ambpx kpk-l-P-k-lnXx
k{itam ssZ\y-bp‡x
kwJym-hm≥ NmSp-hmIyx kplr-Zn -kp-J-kp-lrXv ˛
t£{X-[m-\ym¿∞-t`m-Ko.
1. P-∑\n t⁄ ˛ _p[≥ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
Zo¿Lmbp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp p≈-h\pw
a[p-c -N-Xp-c -hmIv ˛ a[p-c-ambpw kc-k--ambpw
kwkmcn°p∂-h\pw
k¿h-im-kv{Xm¿∞-t_m-[ ˛ k¿h-im-kv{Xm¿∞-ßfpw
a\- n-em-°n-b-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
2. hmNnw ˛ _p[≥ c- n¬ \n∂m¬
_pt≤ym-]m¿÷n-Xkz ˛ _p≤n D]-tbm-Kn®v D- m-°nb
[\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
Ihn ˛ Ihnbpw
- A-a-e-hNm ˛ If-¶-an-√mØ hmt°m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
arjvSm-∂ -t`m‡m ˛ `£-W-kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
3. iutcy ˛ _p[≥ aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬
iqc - ˛ iqc\pw
kambp ˛ icm-icn Bbp p≈h\pw
kpk-l-P-k-lnX ˛ \√ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
k{itam ˛ ]cn{iatØmSpIqSnbh\pw
ssZ\y-bp‡ ˛ Zo\\pw
4. kplr-Zn ˛ _p[≥ \men¬ \n∂m¬
kwJym-hm≥ ˛ ]WvUn-X\pw
NmSp-hmIy ˛ a[pcambn kwkmcn°p-∂-h-\pw
-kp-J- kp-lrXv t£{X- [m-\y A¿∞ -t`m-Ko ˛ kpJhpw kplr-Øp-°fpw
`qkzØpw [m\yhpw [\hpw
A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.
(12)
hnZym -ku-Jy -{]-Xm-]x -{]-Np-c-kp-X-bptXm
am{¥nIx ]©-atÿ
PmX-t{Imt[m hnhm-ssZ¿Zznjn cn]p-_-e-l˛
-¥m-etkm \njvTp-tcm‡nx
{]mt⁄m f kvtX Nmcp-thjx kk-I-e-a-lnamw
bmXn `mcymw khnØmw
hnJym-Xm-Jy-›n-cmbpx Ipe-`r-Z-[n-]-Xn¿˛
t⁄ -f jvSta Zfi-t\-Xm.
5. ]©-atÿ ˛ _p[≥ A©n¬ \n∂m¬
hnZym- ku-Jy- {]-Xm-]- {]-Np-c-kp-X-bptXm
˛ hnZy, kuJyw, {]Xm-]w, hfsc a°ƒ F∂n-h-bp-≈-h\pw
156
am{¥nI ˛ am{¥nI\p-am-bn-cn-°pw.
6. Zznjn ˛ _p[≥ i{Xp `mh-Øn¬ (Bdn¬) \n∂m¬
PmX-t{Imt[m hnhm-ssZ ˛ hnhm-Zß-fn¬ tIm]w- hcp-∂-h\pw
cn]p-_-e-l-¥m ˛ i{Xp-hns‚ _esØ \in-∏n-°p-∂-h\pw
- Aetkm ˛ Ae-k\pw
\njvTp-tcm‡n ˛ {Iqc-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
7. {]mt⁄m AkvtX ˛ _p[≥ Ggn¬ \n∂m¬
Nmcp-thjx ˛ at\m-l-c-amb thj-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
kk-I-e-a-lnam ˛ kIe alnaItfmSpIqSnbh\pw
`mcymw khnØmw ˛ [\n-Ibmb `mcytbmSp IqSnbh\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
8. t⁄ A-jvSta ˛ _p[≥ F´n¬ \n∂m¬
hnJym-Xm-Jy- ˛ t]cp-tI-´-h-\pw
Nn-cmbp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp p≈h\pw
Ipe-`r-Z-[n-]-Xn ˛ Ipe-]-Xn-bpw
Zfit\-Xm ˛ in£m-[n-Im-cn-bpw Bbn `hn-°pw.
(13)
hnZym¿∞mNmc-[¿ssΩx kl X]kn _pt[
kymXv {]-ho-tWm f Xn-hmKvao
kn≤m-cw-`-x kp-hn-Zym-_-e-a-Xn-kp-J-kXv˛
I¿Ω-k-Xym-\znXx tJ
_lzm-bpx -k-Xy-kt‘m hn]p-e-[-\-kptXm (1)
em`tK `rXybpt‡m
Zot\m hnZym-hn-lo\x ]cn-`-h-k-lntXm f ˛ t¥y \riw-tkm f -ek›.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kpJo
9. X]kn _pt[ ˛ _p[≥ Hº-Xn¬ \n∂m¬
hnZy A¿∞ BNmc -[¿ssΩx kl˛ hnZy, [\w, BNmcw, [¿Ωw
F∂n-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
{]-ho-tWm ˛ ka¿∞\pw
A-Xn-hm‹n ˛ henb hm‹nbpw Bbn-cn-°pw.
10. tJ ˛ _p[≥ ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬
kn≤m-cw-`- ˛ XpS-ßp∂ Imcy-ß-fn-se√mw
hnP-bn-°p-∂-h\pw
kp-hn-Zym- _-e- a-Xn- kp-J- k¬I¿Ω- k-Xym-\znX
˛ hnZy,- _-ew, _p≤n, kpJw, k¬I-¿Ωw, kXy-k-‘X F∂n-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
11. em`tK ˛ _p[≥ ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬
_lp B-bp- ˛ [mcmfw Bbp p≈h\pw
k-Xy-kt‘m ˛ k-Xy-k‘\pw
hn]p-e- [-\ -kptXm(1) `rXybpt‡m
˛ hfsc [\-tØmSpw ]p{X-tcmSpw `rXytcmSpw IqSn-b-h-\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
12. At¥y ˛ _p[≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬
157
Zot\m ˛ Zo\\pw
hnZym-hn-lo\ ˛ ]Tn-∏n-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw
]cn-`-h-k-lntXm ˛ Ah-am-\n-X\pw
\riw-tkm ˛ {Iqc\pw
A-ek ˛ Ae-k\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
5. hymgw Kpcp ip`-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ Zpÿm-\-ß-fmb 3, 6, 8, 12 Hgn-®p≈ `mh-ß-fn¬, AXm-b-Xv 1,
2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11 `mh-ß-fn¬, \√ ^ew sNøpw.
(14)
tim`m-hm≥ kpIrXo Nncmbpc`tbm et· Kpcu km-fltPm
hm‹o t`mP\-km-c-hmw› kpaptJm hntØ [\o tImhnZx
kmh⁄x Ir]Wx {]Xo-X-k-l-P-x- iutcy f L-IrXv ZpjvS-[o¿˛
∫‘u amXr-kp-lr-Xv]-cn—ZkpX-kv{Xo-ku-Jy-[m\ym-\zn-Xx.
1. et· Kpcu ˛ Kpcp e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
tim`m-hm≥ ˛ icocIm¥n-bp-≈-h\pw
kpIrXo ˛ ]pWy-hm-\pw
Nncmbp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h\pw
A`tbm ˛ \n¿`-b\pw
-km-fltPm ˛ ]p{X∑-mc-p-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
2. hntØ ˛ Kpcp c- n¬ \n∂m¬
hm‹o ˛ hm‹nbpw
t`mP-\-km-c-hmw› ˛ \√ `£-WØn¬ -X¬]-c\pw
kpaptJm ˛ kpap-J\pw
[\o ˛ [\n-I\pw
tImhnZ ˛ hnZzm\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
3. iu-tcy ˛ Kpcp aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬
kmh⁄x ˛ Ah-⁄-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw (\n-μn-X-\pw)
Ir]W ˛ ]nip-°\pw
{]Xo-X-k-l-P-- ˛ {]kn-≤-\mb ktlm-Z-c-t\mSp Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
AL-IrXv ˛ ]m]-߃ sNøp-∂-h\pw
ZpjvS-[o ˛ Zp¿∫p≤nbpw BIpw.
4. _‘u ˛ Kpcp \men¬ \n∂m¬
amXr- ˛ amXm-hv,
kp-lr-Xv ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ
]-cn—Zw* ˛ ]cn-hm-cw
kpXkv{Xo-ku-Jy-[m\yA\zn-Xx -˛ a°ƒ, `mcy, kpJw, [m\y-k-ar-≤n-
˛ F∂nhtbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥ Bbn-cn-°pw.
(15)
]pss{Xx -t¢-i-bptXm(1) alo-i-k-Nnthm [oam≥ kpXtÿ Kpcu
jjvtT kymZ-e-tkm f -cnlm ]co-`ho a{¥m-`n-Nmtc ]Spx
158
kXv]Xv\okpX-hm≥ atZ- f Xn-kp-`-K-kvXmXmZpZm-tcm f [ntIm
Zot\m PohXn tkhbm Iep-j-`mKv Zo¿Lm-bp-cn-jvtSm -f jvS-ta.(1)
(1) ]mTt`Zw: cn-tPym-jvS-ta
5. kpXtÿ Kpcu ˛ Kpcp A©n¬ \n∂m¬
]pss{Xx -t¢-i-bptXm ˛ ]p{X-ZpxJw (Im-c-I≥ `mh-Øn¬)
alo-i-k-Nnthm, [oam≥ ˛ cmPa{¥nbpw _p≤n-am-\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
6. jjvtT ˛ Kpcp Bdn¬ \n∂m¬
Aetkm Acnlm ]co-`ho a{¥m-`n-Nmtc ]Sp
˛ Ae-k\pw i{Xp-°sf \in-∏n-°p-∂-h\pw \nμn-X\pw (A-]-am-\n-X-\pw) a{¥- hmZw,
B`n-Nmcw ChI-fn¬ ka¿∞\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
7. atZ ˛ Kpcp Ggn¬ \n∂m¬
kXv]Xv\o kpX-hm≥ ˛ \√ `mcy-tbm-Spw -]p{X-∑m-tcm-Spw
Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
AXn-kp-`-K- ˛ hfsc kpμc\pw
- XmXmXv A-[ntIm DZm-tcm ˛ A—-t\-°mƒ A[nIw Zm\-io-e\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
8. AjvS-ta ˛ Kpcp F´n¬ \n∂m¬
Zot\m ˛ Zo\\pw
PohXn tkhbm ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc tkhn®p Pohn-°p-∂-h\pw
Iep-j-`mKv ˛ ]m]w-sN-øp-∂-h\pw
Zo¿Lm-bp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈h\pw
- C-jvtSm- ˛ (F√mh¿°pw) {]nbs∏´h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
(16)
JymX-x k≥ kNnhx ipt` f ¿∞-kp-X-hm≥
kym≤¿Ω-Im-tcym¬kpIx
kzmNmcx kpbim \`-ky-Xn-[-\o
Poth alo-i-{]nbx
Bbtÿ [\n-tIm -f -tbm f¬∏-X-\tbm
ssPhm-XrtIm bm\tKm
tZztjym [n°r-X-hmIv(1) hytb hnX-\bx
kmtLm (2) -f e-kx tkh-Ix.
]mT-t`Zw ˛ (1) tZzjym≤n°r-X-hmI v (2) kwtLm
9. ipt` ˛ Kpcp Hº-Xn¬ \n∂m¬
JymX- ˛ {]kn-≤\pw
kNnh ˛ a{¥nbpw
A¿∞-kp-X-hm≥ ˛ [\hpw a°fpw D≈-h\pw
[¿Ω-Im-tcym¬kpI ˛ [m¿Ωn-I-Im-cy-ßfn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≈-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
10. \`-kn Poth ˛ Kpcp ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬
kzmNmc ˛ kz BNmcw, kzI¿Ωw, A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-h\pw
kpbim ˛ \√ bi-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
159
AXn-[-\o ˛ hfsc [\-hm\pw
alo-i-{]nb ˛ cmPm-hn\p {]nb-ap-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
11. Bbtÿ ˛ Kpcp ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬
[\n-tIm- ˛ [\n-I\pw
A`-tbm ˛ `b-an-√m-Ø-h\pw
A¬∏-X-\tbm ˛ a°ƒ Ipd-™-h\pw
ssPhm-XrtIm - ˛ hfsc Bbp p≈h\pw
bm\tIm ˛ hml-\-ß-fp-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
12. hytb ˛ Kpcp ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬
tZztjym ˛ tZzjyap≈h≥
[n°mchmIv ˛ [n°mctØmsS kwkmcn°p∂h≥
hnX-\b ˛ a°-fn-√m-Ø-h-\pw
kmL ˛ kAL ˛ AL-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥ ˛ ]m]nbpw
Ae-k ˛ Ae-k\pw
-tkh-I ˛ tkh-I\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
6. ip{I≥
3, 6, 7 Hgn-®p≈ `mh-ß-fn¬ ip{I≥ ip`-^ew \¬Ipw.
(17)
X\u -kp-X\p ZrIv{]nbw kpJn-\-tah Zo¿Lm-bpjw
ItcmXn Ihn-c¿∞Kx Ihn-a-t\-I-hn-Øm-\znXw
hnZm-c-kp-JkºZw Ir]-W-a-{]nbw hn{Ita
kphm-l-\-Krlw kpam-`-c-W-h-kv{X-K‘w kptJ.
1. X\u ˛ ip{I≥ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
kp-X\p ˛ \√ (kpμcamb) icocw
ZrIv{]nbw ˛ ImgvNbv°p {]nbw-Icw
kpJn-\-w Gh ˛ kpJ-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
Zo¿Lm-bpjw ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
2. Ihn- A¿∞K ˛ ip{I≥ c- n¬ \n∂m¬
Ihn- ˛ Ihn-bmbpw
At\-I-hn-Øm-\znXw ˛ hfsc [\-ap-≈-h\mbpw `hn-°pw.
3. hn{Ia ˛ ip{I≥ aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬
hnZm-c-kp-JkºZw ˛ `mcybpw kpJhpw kºØpw
C√m-Ø-h-\mbpw
Ir]-W-\pw ˛ ]nip-°\mbpw
A-{]nbw ˛ {]nbw-I-c-a-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw
`hn-°pw.
4. ktJ ˛ ip{I≥ \men¬ \n∂m¬
kphm-l-\ -Krlw kpa B`-c-W h-kv{X K‘w
˛ \√ hml\w, hoSv, ]q°ƒ, B`-cWw, hkv{Xw, kpK-‘-{Zhy߃ F∂nh D≈-
h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.
(]m-T-t`Zw ˛ kphm-l\kpaμncm-`-cW.. CXn¬ kpaw C√.)
160
(18)
AJ-fin-X-[\w \r]w kpa-Xn-amfltP kmflPw
hni-{Xp-a-[\w £tX bph-Xn-Zq-jnXw hn¢_w
k`m-cy-(1)a-k-Xo-cXw arX-I-f-{X-amVyw(2) atZ
Nncm-bp-jan-fm-[n]w [\n-\-a-jvSta kwÿn-Xx.(3)
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kp`mcy (2) -auVyw (3) `m¿§h
5. B-fltP ˛ ip{I≥ A©n¬ \n∂m¬
AJ-WvUn-X-[\w ˛ Afh‰ [\-ap-≈-h\pw
\r]w ˛ cmPmhpw
kpa-Xn- ˛ _p≤n-am-\pw
k BflPw ˛ a°-fp-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
6. £tX ˛ ip{I≥ Bdn¬ \n∂m¬
hni-{Xp- ˛ i{Xp-°-fn-√m-Ø-h-\pw
A-[\w ˛ [\-an-√m-Ø-h-\pw
bph-Xn-Zq-jnXw ˛ bph-Xn-I-fm¬ Zpjn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\pw
hn¢_w ˛ ZpJn-X\pw
7. atZ ˛ ip{I≥ Ggn¬ \n∂m¬
k`m-cy ˛ `mcytbmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\mbpw
- Ak-Xo-cXw ˛ NoØ-kv{Xo-I-fp-ambn _‘-ap-≈-h-\mbpw
arX-I-f-{XauVyw ˛ `mcy- a-cn-® hnjatØmSp IqSnbh\pw
(Im-c-I≥ `mh-Øn¬) Bbn-cn-°pw.
8. A-jvSta kwÿn-X ˛ ip{I≥ F´n¬ \n∂m¬
Nncm-bp-jva ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h\pw
C-fm-[n]w ˛ cmPmhpw (`q-hp-Sa F∂p-am-Imw.)
[\n-\- ˛ [\-hm-\pw Bbn `hn-°pw.
(19)
kZm-c-kp-lr-Zm-flPw £nXn-]-e-_v[-`mKyw ipt`
\`-ky-Xn-b-i-x kp-lr-’p-J-Z(1)hrØn-bp‡w {]`pw
[\m-Vy-an-X-cmw-K-\m-c-X-a-t\-I-kuJyw `th
`rKp¿÷-\-bXn hytb kc-Xn-ku-Jy-hn-Ø-Zyp-Xnw.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kpJnX, kplrZ
9. ipt` ˛ ip{I≥ HºXn¬ \n∂m¬
kZm-c-kp-lr-Zm-flPw ˛ `mcy, kplr-Øp-°ƒ, a°ƒ
F∂n-h-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
£nXn-] e-_v[w- `mKyw ˛ cmPm-hn¬ \n∂pw e`n® `mKytØmSp-
Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
10. \`-kn ˛ ip{I≥ ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬
AXn-b-i -kp-lr-Xv kp-J-ZhrØn -bp‡w ˛ hfsc Io¿Ønbpw kp-lr-Øp°fpw
kpJ-I-c-amb {]hr-Ønbpw D≈-h-\mbpw
{]`pw ˛ {]`p-hmbpw Ccn-°pw.
11.- `th ˛ ip{I≥ ]Xns\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬
161
[\m-Vy ˛ [\n-I\pw
CX-c Aw-K-\m-c-Xw ˛ ]c-kv{Xo-_‘-ap≈-h\pw
- At\-I-kuJyw ˛ ]ehn[ kpJ-ßfpw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
12. `rKp hytb ˛ - ip{I≥ ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬
kc-Xn-ku-Jy ˛ cXn-kpJ-w (kv{Xo-kp-Jw)
-hn-Ø ˛ [\w
- Zyp-Xnw ˛ tZl-Im¥n Ch-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.
5. i\n ]m]-\mb i\n 3,6,10,11 `mh-ß-fnemWv KpWw sNøp-I. i\n \n¬°p-∂Xv e·-Øn-
em-sW-¶n¬, B e-·w Xs‚ cmintbm (a-I-cw, Ipw`w) D®tam (Xp-emw) -BsW-¶n¬, \√
^ew {]Xo-£n-°mw.
(20)
tkzmt® kzIo-b-`-ht\ £nXn-]m-e-Xpteym
et· f ¿°tP `hXn tZi-]p-cm-[n-\mYx
titjjp ZpxJ-]-cn-]o-UoX Gh _mtey
Zmcn-{Zy-Zpx-J-h-itKm aen-t\m -f e-k-›.
1. et· A¿°tP ˛ i\n e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬, B e·w
tkzmt® ˛ i-\n-bpsS D®cmintbm (Xp-emw)
kzIo-b-`-ht\ ˛ i-\n-bpsS kzt£-{X-tam (a-I-cw,- Ipw-`w)
BsW-¶n¬
£nXn-]m-e-Xpteym ˛ cmP-Xp-ey-\mbn
tZi-]p-cm-[n-\mYx ˛ tZiØns‚tbm ]p-c-Øns‚tbm \mY-\mbn
`hXn ˛ `hn-°p-∂p.
titjjp ˛ tijw cmin-Iƒ e·-ambn
i\n AXn¬ \n∂m¬
ZpxJ-]-cn-]o-UnX Gh _mtey ˛ _mey-Øn¬ hfsc ZpJ߃
A\p`hnt°- n hcp∂h\pw
Zmcn-{Zy-Zpx-J-h-itKm aen-t\m-e-k-›˛ Zcn-{Z\pw aen-\\pw Ae-k\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
(21)
hnap-J-a-[\a¿t∞ f \ymb-h-¥w(1) N ]›m˛
ZnX-c-P-\-]-Yÿw bm\-(2) t`m-Km¿∞-bp‡w
hn]p-e-a-Xn-ap-Zmcw Zmc-kuJyw N iutcy
P\-bXn chn-]p-{X›mekw hn¢-_-©.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: \ymbh¥w (2) \ymbw
2. A¿t∞ ˛ i\n c- n¬ \n∂m¬
hnap-Jw ˛ hnapJ\pw (t«mIw 8 ImWpI)
-A-[\w ˛ [\-an-√m-Ø-h\pw
A\ymb-h-¥ ˛ \ymbw t\m°mØh\pw
162
(]mTt`Zw: \ymbh¥w ˛ \ymbhm≥ )
]›mXv ˛ ]n∂oSv
CX-c-P-\-]-Yÿw ˛ adp-\m-´n¬ Ign-tb- n hcp∂-h\pw
bm\-t`m-Km¿∞-bp‡w ˛ (At∏mƒ) hml\w, kpJw, [\w-
Ch-bp-- m-Ip-∂-h\pw- Bbn-cn-°pw.
aebmfw hymJym\ßfn¬ A\ymb-h-¥w \ymbh¥hpw
bm\w \ymbhpamWv. ]m]s‚ \ymbw Nn¥nt°- hnjbamWv.
3. iutcy chn-]p-{X ˛ i\n aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬
hn]p-e-a-Xn ˛ henb _p≤n-am\pw
D-Zmcw ˛ Zm\-io-e\pw
Zmc-kuJyw ˛ `mcym-kpJ-ap-≈-h\pw
A-ekw ˛ Ae-k\pw
hn¢-_w ˛ ZpJn-X\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
(22)
ZpxJo kymZv Krl-bm\ amXr-hnbptXm
_mtey kcp-Kv _-‘pt`
{`mt¥m -⁄m-\-kp-Xm¿∞-l¿j-c-lntXm
[otÿ itTm Zp¿ΩXnx
_lzmio {Zhn-Wm-\zntXm cn]p-ltXm (t\m)
[rjvS› am\o cn]u
Imatÿ chntP IpZm-c-\n-ctXm
\ntkzm f ≤ztKm hnlz-ex.
4. _-‘pt` ˛ i\n \men¬ \n∂m¬
ZpxJo kymXv ˛ ZpJnbmbpw
Krl -bm\ amXr- hnbptXm ˛ hoSv, hml-\w, AΩ Ch C√m-Ø-h-\mbpw
_mtey kcp-Iv ˛ _mem-cnjvSv D≈-h-\m-bpw `hn°pw.
5. [otÿ ˛ i\n A©n¬ \n∂m¬
{`mt¥m- ˛ {`m¥\pw
⁄m-\- kp-X A¿∞- l¿j- c-lntXm ˛ ⁄m\hpw ]p{Xcpw [\hpw kt¥mjhpw
C√m-Ø-h\pw
itTm ˛ iT\pw
Zp¿ΩXn ˛ Zp¿∫p-≤nbpw Bbn-cn-°pw.
6. cn]u ˛ i\n Bdn¬ \n∂m¬
_lzmizo ˛ Xo‰-{]n-b\pw
{Zhn-Wm-\zntXm ˛ [\n-I\pw
cn]p-ltXm ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn-°p-∂-h\pw
[rjvS› ˛ [oc\pw
am\o ˛ A`n-am-\nbpw Bbn-cn-°pw.
7. Imatÿ chntP ˛ i\n Ggn¬ \n∂m¬
IpZm-c-\n-ctXm ˛ NoØ `mcy-bn¬ \nc-X-\pw
\ntkzm ˛ Zcn-{Z-\pw
A≤ztKm ˛ \S-∂-e-bp-∂-h\pw
hnlz-e ˛ t]Sn-®-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
163
(23)
iss\-›tcm arXn-kvYntX aeo-a-tkm f ¿itkm f hkpx
Icm-f-[o¿_p-`p-£n-X-x kp-lr-÷-\m-h-am-\n-Xx.
8. iss\-›tc arXn-kvYntX ˛ i\n F´n¬ \n∂m¬
aeo-a-tkm ˛ aen-\\pw
A¿itkm ˛ A¿i- p-≈-h\pw
Ahkp ˛ [\-an-√m-Ø-h-\pw
Icm-f-[o ˛ Xo£vW-_p-≤n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
_p-`p-£n-X ˛ hni-∏-S-ßm-Ø-h\pw
-kp-lr-÷-\m-h-am-\n-X ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fm¬
Ah-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
(24)
`mKym¿∞m-fl-P-Xm-X-[¿Ω-c-lntXm atμ ipt` Zp¿÷t\m
a{¥o hm \r]-Xn¿≤\o Irjn-]-cx- iqcx {]kn-t≤m f w-_tc
_lzmbpx ÿnc-k-º-Zm-b-N-cntX(1) iqtcm hntcmtKm [\o
\n¿√-÷m¿∞-kptXm hytb f w-K-hn-Item aq¿tJm cn]p-’m-cnXx
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ klnX
9. atμ ipt` ˛ i\n HºXn¬ \n∂m¬
`mKy ˛ `mKyw
A¿∞ ˛ [\w
Bfl-P- ˛ a°ƒ
Xm-X- ˛ A—≥
[¿Ω- ˛ [¿Ωw
c-lntXm ˛ Ch-bn-√m-Ø-h-\mbpw
Zp¿÷t\m ˛ Zp¿÷-\-ambpw `hn-°pw.
10. Aw_tc ˛ i\n ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬
a{¥o ˛ a{¥n
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
\r]-Xn ˛ cmPmhpw
[\o ˛ [\n-I\pw
Irjn-]-c ˛ I¿j-I\pw
-iqc ˛ iqc\pw
{]knt≤m ˛ {]kn-≤\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
11. BbNcntX (klntX) -˛ i\n ]Xn-s\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬
_lzmbp ˛ hfsc Bbp- p-≈-h\pw
ÿnc-k-º-Xv ˛ \in-°m-Ø- kzØp≈h\pw
(ÿn-c-h-cp-am-\-ap-≈-h-\pw)
iqtcm ˛ iqc\pw
hntcmtKm (hntcmKo) ˛ tcmK-ß-fn-√m-Ø-h\pw
164
[\o ˛ [\nI\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
12. hytb ˛ i\n ]{¥-- n¬ \n∂m¬
\n¿√÷m¿∞ kptXm ˛ \mWw, [\w, a°ƒ Ch C√mØ-h-\pw
Aw-K-hn-Item ˛ hnI-emw-K\pw
aq¿tJm ˛ hnh-c-an-√m-Ø-h\pw
cn]p-’m-cn-X ˛ i{Xp-°-fm¬ tXm¬∏n-°-s∏-´-h\pw BIpw.
8. cmlp cmlphpw tIXphpw 3,6,11 `mh-ß-fn-emWv KpWw sNøp-I.
(25)
et· f lmh Nncm-bp-c¿∞-_-e-hm-\q¿≤zmw-K-tcm-Km-\zn-X˛
—t∂m-‡n¿ap-J-cpKv {hWo (1) \r]-[\o hntØ ktcm-jx -kpJo
am\o {`mXr-hn-tcm-[tIm ZrV-a-Xnx- iutcy Nncm-bp¿≤\o
aq¿tJm thiva-\n -Zpx-J-IrXv kkp-lr-Z¬∏mbpx IZm-NnXv kpJo (4).
]mT-t`Zw ˛ (1) LrWo (2) thiva-hnZpx-J (3) kptJ
1. et·f lmh ˛ cmlp e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
ANncm-bp ˛ Bbp p Ipd-™h\pw
-A¿∞- _-e-hm-≥ ˛ [\w, _ew Ch-bp-≈-h\pw
Du¿≤zmw-K-tcm-Km-\zn-X ˛ intcm-tcm-Kn-bpw BIpw.
2. hntØ ˛ cmlp c- n¬ \n∂m¬
Ot∂m-‡n ˛ ad-®p-sh®p kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h\pw
ap-J-cpIv ˛ apJtcmK-ß-fp-≈-h\pw
{hWo ˛ {hW-ap-≈-h\pw
\r]-[\o ˛ cmP-[-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
ktcm-j- ˛ tZzjy-°m-c\pw
kpJo ˛ kpJn-bmbpw `hn-°pw.
3. iutcy ˛ cmlp aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬
am\o ˛ A`n-am-\nbpw
{`mXr-hn-tcm-[tIm ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°p hntcm[w sNøp-∂-h\pw
ZrV-a-Xn- ˛ Dd® a\- p-≈-h\pw
Nncm-bp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h\pw
[\o ˛ [\n-I\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
4. thiva\n ˛ cmlp \men¬ \n∂m¬
aq¿tJm ˛ aq¿J\pw (A-dn-hn-√m-Ø-h-\pw)
Zpx-J-IrXv ˛ ho´n¬ ZpJ-ß-fp-- m-°p-∂-h\pw
kkp-lr-Zv ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fp-≈-h\pw
A¬∏mbp ˛ A¬∏m-bp pw
IZm-NnXv kpJo ˛ Nnet∏mƒ kpJnbpw Bbncn-°pw.
(26)
\mtkm-Zy-Zz-Nt\m kptX ITn-\-lr-{Zmtlm kptX Ip£n-cpIv
ZznSv{Iq-c-{K-l-]o-Un-X-x k-Kp-Z-cpIv {ioam≥ Nncmbpx £tX
165
kv{Xokw-Km-Z-[t\m atZ N hn[ptcm (1) f hocy-kz-X-t{¥m f ¬∏[o
ct{‘ f ¬∏mbp-c-ip-≤n-Ir® hnItem hmXm-a-tbm f ¬]m-flPx.
5. - cmlu kptX ˛ cmlp A©n¬ \n∂m¬
\mtkm-Zy-Zz-Nt\m ˛ aq°p-sIm- p kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h\pw
AkptXm ˛ a°-fn-√m-Ø-h\pw
ITn-\-lrØv ˛ ITn-\-lr-Z-b\pw
Ip£n-cpIv ˛ DZ-c-tcm-Knbpw Bbn-cn-°pw.
6. £tX ˛ cmlp Bdn¬ \n∂m¬
ZznSv{Iq-c-{K-l-]o-Un-X- ˛ i{Xp-{Iqc-{K-l-ß-fm¬ ]oUn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw
Kp-Z-cpIv ˛ KpZ (aqe°pcp) -tcm-Kn-bmbpw
{ioam≥ ˛ {ioam-\mbpw ([-\n-I-\m-bpw)
Nncmbp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈-h-\mbpw `hn-°pw.
7. atZ ˛ cmlp Ggn¬ \n∂m¬
kv{Xokw-Km-Z-[t\m ˛ kv{Xo_‘waqew \n¿≤\\mIp∂h\pw
hn[ptcm ˛ `mcy -a-cn-®-h\pw
Ahocy ˛ hocyw C√m-Ø-h\pw
- kz-X-t{¥m ˛ kzX-{¥\pw
A¬∏[o ˛ A¬∏-_p-≤n-bpw Bbn-cn-°pw.
8. ct{‘ ˛ cmlp F´n¬ \n∂m¬
A¬∏mbp- ˛ Bbp- p-Ip-d-™-h\pw
Aip-≤n-IrXv ˛ Aip≤am°p-∂h\pw
hnItem ˛ hnI-e\pw
hmXm-a-b ˛ hmX-tcm-Kn--bpw
A¬]m-flP ˛ a°ƒ Ipd-™-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
(27)
[¿Ωtÿ {]Xn-Iq-e-hm-§-W-]p-c-{Km-am-[nt]m f ]pWy-hm≥(1)
JymXx tJ f ¬∏-kp-tXm -f \y-Im-cy-\n-cXx k¬°¿Ω-lo-t\m- f `bx
{ioam-∂m-Xn-kp-X-›n-cm-bp-c-kptc emt` kI¿Æm-abx
{]O-∂m-L-ctXm _lp-hy-b-Itcm cnt^ f w_p-cp-Iv]o-Un-Xx.
]mTt`Zw (1) ]pWyhm≥
9. [¿Ωtÿ ˛ cmlp HºXn¬ \n∂m¬
{]Xn-Iq-e-hm-Iv ˛ FXn¿]-d-bp-∂-h\pw
KW-]p-c-{Km-am-[nt]m ˛ KWw, ]pcw, {Kmaw F∂n-h-bpsS A[n-]\pw
A]pWy-hm≥ ˛ ]pWy-an√m-Ø-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
10. tJ ˛ cmlp ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬
JymX ˛ {]i-kvX\pw
A¬∏-kpX ˛ a°ƒ Ipd-™-h\pw
A\y-Im-cy-\n-cX ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcy-ß-fn¬ \nc-X\pw
k¬°¿Ω-lo-t\m ˛ kXvI¿Ω-߃ sNøm-Ø-h-\pw-
A`b ˛ \n¿`-b\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
11. Akptc emt` ˛ cmlp ]Xn-s\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬
166
{ioam≥ ˛ [\-hm\pw-
\ A-Xn-kp-X ˛ A[nIw a°ƒ C√mØ-h\pw
-Nn-cm-bp ˛ Zo¿Lm-bp- p-≈h\pw
-I¿Æm-ab ˛ sNhn-tcm-K-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw BIpw.
12. cnt^ ˛ cmlp ]{¥- n¬ \n∂m¬
{]O-∂ AL- ctXm ˛ cl-ky-ambn ]m]-߃ sNøp-∂-h\pw
_lp-hy-b-Itcm ˛ henb Nne-hp-Im-c\pw
Aw_p-cp-Iv]o-Un-X ˛ PetZmj-Øm¬ hnj-an-°p-∂-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
9. tIXp
(28)
et· IrXLv\akpJw ]nip\w hnh¿Æw
ÿm\-NypXnw hnI-e-tZ-l-a-k-Xvk-`mPw (1)
hnZym¿∞-lo-\-a-[-tam-‡n-bpXw IpZrjvSnw
]m]x (2) ]cm-∂-\n-cXx IpcptX [\-ÿx.
]mTt`Zw : (1) a-k-XZva-`mPw, (2) ]m-Xx
1. ]m] (]mXx) -˛ tIXp
et· ˛ e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
IrXLv\ ˛ \μn-sI-´-h\pw
AkpJw ˛ kpJ-an-√m-Ø-h\pw
]nip\w ˛ {Iqc\pw / \pWb\pw
hnh¿Æw ˛ \ndt`Zap≈h\pw
ÿm\-NypXw ˛ ÿm\{`jvS\pw
hnI-e-tZ-l ˛ hnI-emw-K\pw -
Ak-Xv k`mPw ˛ Atbm-Ky-cp-am-bp≈ Iq´p-sI-´p-≈-h\pw
(Bbn-cn-°pw.)
2. [\-ÿ ˛ tIXp c- n¬ \n∂m¬
hnZym¿∞-lo-\ ˛ ]Tn∏pw ]Whpw C√m-Ø-h-\pw
-A-[-tam-‡n-bpXw ˛ Ak`yw ]d-bp-∂-h-\pw
IpZrjvSnw ˛ ZrjvSn°p XIcmdp-≈-h-\pw-
]cm-∂-\n-cX ˛ A\ys‚ `£-Ww-sIm- p Ign-bp-∂-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
(29)
Bbp¿∫ew [\-bix {]a-Zm-∂-kuJyw
tIXu XrXo-b-`-ht\ kl-P-{]-Wmiw
`qt£-{X-bm-\-P-\-\o-kp-J-P-∑-`qanw
\miw kptJ ]c-Kr-l-ÿn-Xn-tah ]m]x
3. tIXu XrXo-b-`-ht\ ˛ tIXp aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬
Bbp¿∫ew ˛ Bbp v
[\ ˛ [\w
167
bi ˛ {]ikvXn
{]a-Zm A-∂- kuJyw ˛ kv{Xokp-Jw, `£-W-kpJw
kl-P-{]-Wmiw ˛ ktlmZ-c-\m-iw F∂nh ^ew.
4. kptJ ˛ tIXp \men¬ \n∂m¬
`q ˛ `qkzØv
t£-{X ˛ hoSv-
bm-\ ˛ hml\w-
P-\-\o ˛ amXmhv
kp-J- ˛ kpJw
P-∑-`qan ˛ P\n® \mSv
\miw ˛˛ Chbv°p \miw,
]c-Kr-l-ÿn-Xn-tah ˛ A\y-Krlhmkw F∂nh ^ew.
(tIXp \men¬ \n∂m¬ F√mw \in®p \mSp-hn-Spw, InS-°m-s\mcp hoSp-t]mepw
kz¥-ambn D- m-hn√ F∂p kqN\.)
(30)
]p{X£bw PT-c-tcmK]n-im-N-]oUmw
Zp¿∫p≤nam-fl\n Je-{]-Ir-Xnw N ]m]x (]mXx)
HuZm-cy-ap-Ø-a-KpWw ZrVXmw {]kn≤nw
jjvtT {]`p-Xz-a-cn-h¿≤-\(1)-an-jvS-kn-≤nw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: Acnh¿≤\w ˛ i{Xph¿≤\
5. B-fl\n ˛ tIXp A©n¬ \n∂m¬
]p{X£bw ˛ k¥-Xo-\m-iw
PT-c-tcmK ˛ DZ-c-tcmKw
- ]n-im-N-]oUmw ˛ Zp¿Ωq¿Øn _m[-
Zp¿∫p≤n ˛ ]ng® _p≤n
Je-{]-Ir-Xn ˛ ZpjvS-{]-IrXn (Ch ^ew.)
6. jjvtT ˛ tIXp Bdn¬ \n∂m¬
HuZm-cy ˛ DZm-cX
DØ-a-KpWw ˛ kZvKpWw
ZrUXmw ˛ Zm¿Vyw
{]kn≤n ˛ {]ikvXn
{]`p-Xz- ˛ {]`p-Xzw,
Acn-a¿±-\w ˛ i{XpPbw
C-jvS-kn-≤nw ˛ CjvS-em`w (Ch ^ew.)
(31)
Zyqt\- f h-am\ak-Xo-c-Xn-am-{¥-tcmKw
]m](X) -kz-Zm-c-hn-bp-Xnw- a-Z-[m-Xp-lm\nw
kz¬∏m-bp-cn-jvS-hn-clw Ielw N ct{‘
ikv{X-£-Xw kI-e-Im-cy-hntcm[tah.
7. Zyqt\- ˛ tIXp Ggn¬ \n∂m¬
Ah-am-\- ˛ Ah-am\w
168
A-k-Xo-c-Xn ˛ NoØ -kv{Xo-I-fp-ambn _‘w
-B-{¥-tcmKw -˛ B-{¥-hr≤n (hrjWØn¬ \ocv)
kz-Zm-c-hn-bpXnw ˛ `mcy-tbmSp ]ncn™ncn-°p-I
aZ-[m-Xp-lm\nw ˛ hocy-\jvSw Ch ^ew.
8. ct{‘ ˛ tIXp F´n¬ \n∂m¬
kz¬]m-bp- ˛ A¬∏m-bp v
CjvS-hn-clw ˛ CjvS-s∏-´-hsc ]ncn™n-cn-t°- n hcnI
Ielw ˛ hg°v
ikv{X-£-X- ˛ Bbp-[--߃sIm- p apdnhv
k-I-e-Im-cy-hn-tcm[-ta-h ˛ F√m-Ønepw XS w (Ch ^ew.)
(32)
]m]-{]-hr-Øn-a-ip`w ]nXr-`m-Ky-lo\w
Zmcn-{Zy-am-cy-P-\-Zq-j-W-am-l- [¿tΩ
kXvI¿Ω-hn-Lv\-a-ip-Nn-Xz-a-h-Zy-IrXyw
tXtPm- f ipt`m(1) \`kn iucy-a-Xn-{]-kn-≤nw.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ tXP-kzn\w
9. [¿tΩ - - ˛ tIXp HºXn¬ \n∂m¬
]m]-{]-hr-Øn- ˛ ]m]-{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ
Aip`w ˛ Aip`w
]nXr-`m-Ky-lo\w ˛ A—\pw `mKyhpw C√m-Xn-cn-°pI
Zmcn-{Zyw ˛ Zmcn-{Zyw
Bcy-P-\-Zq-j-Ww ˛ t{ijvT-\nμ Ch ^ew.
10. \`kn ˛ tIXp ]Øn¬ \n∂m¬
kXvI¿Ω-hn-Lv\w- ˛ \√ I¿Ω-߃°p XS w
Aip-Nn-Xz-w ˛ hrØn-tISv / Aip≤w
A-h-Zy-IrXyw ˛ Acp-Xm-ØXp sNøpI
tXtPm- ˛ tXP v
Aipt`m ˛ Aip-`≥ (tI-Xp)
iucy-w ˛ iucy-w
A-Xn-{]-kn-≤n ˛ t]cpw s]cp-abpw Ch ^ew.
(33)
emt` f ¿∞-k-©-b-a-t\-I-KpWw kpt`mKw
k{Zhytkm]IcWw kI-em¿∞kn≤nw (1)
{]—-∂-]m-]-a-[ahyb-a¿∞-\miw
cnt^ hncp-≤-K-Xn-a-£n-cpPw N ]mXx.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kptim-`apZy-Zv{K-tlm-]-I-cWw kI-em¿∞ kn≤nw
11. emt` ˛ tIXp ]Xn-s\m∂n¬ \n∂m¬
A¿∞-k-©-bw ˛ kºØv
At\-I-KpWw ˛ kZvKpW߃
kptim-` ˛ icocIm¥n-
(]mTt`Zw: kpt`mK ˛t`mKm\p`hw)
169
Kr-tlm-]-I-cWw ˛ ho´p-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ
kI-em¿∞ kn≤nw ˛ B{K-ln-®-sX√mw \S°pI Ch ^ew.
12. cnt^ ˛ tIXp ]{¥-- n¬ \n∂m¬
{]—-∂-]m-]-w ˛ ad-®p-sh® ]m]w
A[ahybw ˛ Zp¿hybw
A¿∞-\miw ˛ [\-\miw
hncp-≤-K-Xn ˛ hn]coX_p≤n
A-£n-cpPw ˛ t\{X-tcmKw (F∂nh ^ew.)
Xtam{KlambXn\m¬ Hcp XnI™ ]m]s\∂ \nebv°mWv tIXphns\s°m
- p≈ ^e߃ ChnsS hnhcn®n´p≈Xv. PmXI߃ HØp t\m°n Xømdm°nbX√,
D≈ \nba߃ hnIkn∏ns®SpØXmWv F∂p hy‡w. ^eZo]nIbpsS am{Xa√, F√m
^etPymXnj{KŸßfptSbpw ÿnXn CXpXs∂bmWv. F∂m¬ B[p\nI tPymXnj
Øns‚ hcthmsS Cu Ahÿbv°p am‰w h∂n´p- v. \nbaßtf°mf[nIw A\p`h
Øn\v Du∂¬ sImSp°p∂ Cu coXn{]Imcw Zm¿i\nIamb Imcyßfn¬ tIXphn\p
henb kzm[o\ap- v.
10. ^e-{]m]vXn
(34)
DZ-b¿£mw-i-kv^p-S-Xp-eymwti
\nh-k≥ ]q¿Æw ^e-amZ(-[)tØ
i\n-h-{Zmlp IpP-hXv tIXpx
^e-ZmXm kymZnl kwt{]m-‡x.
DZb¿£mwi...
-˛ ta¬∏-d™ ^e-߃ ]q¿Æambn e`n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ {Kl-ÿnXn e·-Øn¬ e·-
kv^p-S-Øn\p Xpey-am-IWw.
i\n-h-{Zmlp...
˛ cmlp i\n-sb-t∏m-sebpw tIXp IpP-s\-t∏m-sebpw ^ew \¬Ipw.
(35)
`mh-k-amw-i-I-kwÿm
`mh-^ew ]q¿Æ-tah Ie-b¥n
\yq\m-[n-Imw-i-h-iXx
^e-hr-≤n¿{lm-kXm hmNy.
`mhkamwiI...
˛ {Kl-kv^pSw `mh-kv^p-S-Øn\p Xpey-sa-¶n¬ ]q¿Æ-^-ew e`n-°pw. Cu kv^pS--
߃ XΩn-¬ hyXym-k-ap-s- -¶n¬ B hyXymka-\p-k-cn®v ^eØnepw am‰w hcpw.
IqSmsX, ]q¿Æ ^ew In´Wsa¶n¬ {Kl߃°pw `mh߃°pw ]q¿Æ_ew
({Kl_ehpw `mh_ehpw) thWw. _ew Ipdbpw tXmdpw ^ehpw Ipdbpw.
170
A≤ymbw 9
{Kl߃ cmin-I-fn¬
e·^ehpw {Kl-߃ cmin-I-fn¬ \n∂-mep-≈- ^-e-ßfpw
hnjbhnhcw 1. tajmZn e·-^ew
2. {Kl߃ D®cmin, kzt£{Xw XpSßnbhbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew.
1. ^e߃ Nn¥nt°- hn[w
2 .{Kl-߃ D®-Øn¬
3. {Kl-߃ kzt£{X-Øn¬
4. {Kl-߃ an{Xt£{X-Øn¬
5. {Kl-߃ i{Xpt£{X-Øn¬
6. {Kl-߃ \oN-Øn¬
7. {KlØn\p auVy-aps- ¶n¬
8. {Kl-߃ ka-t£{XØn¬
9. {Kl-߃ h{IKXnbn¬
10. h¿t§m-Øa^ew
1. tajmZn e·-^ew
(1)
hrtØ-£tWm Zp¿∫-e-Pm-\p-cpt{Km
`ocp¿Pte kym√-Lp-`pIv kpImao
k©m-c-io-e-›-]-tem -f \r-tXm-‡n¿˛
{hWm-¶n-XmwKx {Inbt` {]Pm-Xx.
1. taS-e·w hrtØ-£tWm ˛ hrØ-amb IÆpIfp≈h≥
Zp¿∫-e-Pm-\px ˛ Zp¿∫-e-amb -Im¬ap´ptfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.
D{K ˛ D{K≥
`ocp¿÷te ˛ PeØn¬ t]Sn.
171
e-Lp-`pIv - ˛ eLp-hmbn am{Xw `£n-°p-∂-h≥
kpImao ˛ ImahnImcw IqSpXep≈h≥
k©m-c-io-e-x ˛ bm{X-Iƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
- N]-tem ˛ N]-e≥, a\ n\v Dd∏n√mØh≥
A\r-tXm-‡nx ˛ \pW- ]d-bp-∂-h≥
{hWm-¶n-XmwKx ˛ apdn-∏m-Sp≈ icocw
{Inbt` {]Pm-Xx. ˛ taSw cminbn¬ / taSw cmin DZn-®p-sIm-- n-
cp-∂-t∏mƒ (taSw e·-Øn¬) P\n-®-h≥.
(2)
]rYq-cp-h{‡x Irjn-I¿Ω-Ir-’ym˛
∑≤ym-¥-kuJyx {]a-Zm-{]n-b›
XymKo £ao t¢i-k-l› tKmam≥
]rjvTky ]m¿tiz- f ¶-bptXm hrtjm∞x.
2. CShw e·w hrtjm∞x ˛ CS-h-e·Øn¬ P\n®m¬
]rYq Du-cp- h{‡x ˛ ]rYp-hmb Ducp-°fpw h{‡hpw.
XSn® XpS-ItfmSpw apJtØmSpw IqSnbh\pw
Irjn-I¿Ω-IrXv ˛ I¿j-I\pw
a≤y A¥-- kuJyx ˛ Pohn-X-Øns‚ a≤y`mKØpw Ah-km-\
mKØpw kpJw- A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h\pw
{]a-Zm- {]n-bx N ˛ kv{Xo-I-fn¬ {]nb-ap-≈-h\pw
(kv{XoIƒ°p {]nbs∏ -h≥ F∂pw ImWp∂p.)
XyvmKo ˛ XymK-io-e\pw
£ao ˛ £am-io-e\pw
t¢i-k-lx N ˛ t¢i-߃ kln-°p-∂-h\pw
tKmam≥ ˛ ]ip-°-fp-≈-h\pw
]rjvTky ]m¿tiz- A¶bptXm ˛ ]rjvT-Øns‚ ]m¿iz-`m-KØv
AS-bm-f-ap-≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°pw.
(]r-jvT Bky ]m¿tiz Fs∂-SpØv ]n≥-`m-KØpw apJØpw ]m¿iz`mKØpw
F∂pw Hcp hymJym\w ImWp-∂p.)
(3)
iymta-£Wx Ip©n-X-aq¿≤Px kv{Xo˛
{IoUm-\p-c-‡› ]tcw-Kn-X⁄x
DØpw-K-\mkx {]nb-Ko-X-\rtØm
hk≥ kZm-¥- -Zt\ N bpt‹.
3. anYp\w e·w bpt‹ ˛ anYp\w e·Øn¬ P\n®m¬
iym Cu£Wx ˛ IdpØ IÆp-Iƒ
Ip©n-X-aq¿≤Px ˛ Npcp- Xe-apSn
kv{Xo{IoUm-\p-c-‡x ˛ kv{Xo{Io-U-bn¬ A\p-c-‡≥
]c Cw-Kn-X⁄x ˛ a‰-p≈-h-cpsS a\ nep≈Xv Adn-bp-∂-h≥
172
DØpw-K-\mkx ˛ Db¿∂ aq°v
{]nb-Ko-X-\rtØm ˛ ]m´nepw \rØ-Ønepw {]nb-ap-≈-h≥
hk≥ kZm A¥x k-Zt\ ˛ Ft∏mgpw ho´n\p≈n¬Øs∂
Ign-bm≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥.
(4)
kv{Xo\n¿÷nXx ]o\-K-f-x kant{Xm
_lzm-ebkvXpwK-I-Sn¿≤-\mVyx
{lkz› ht{Im {ZpXKx Ipfotc
ta[m-\zn-X-kvtXm-b-c-tXm f ¸-]p{Xx
4. I¿°-SIw e·w Ipfotc ˛ I¿°-S-I-e-·-Øn¬ P\n-®m¬
kv{Xo\n¿÷nXx ˛ kv{XoI-tfmSp hnt[-b-Xz-ap-≈-h≥
]o\-K-fx- ˛ XSn® IgpØv
kant{Xm ˛ an{X-ß-fp-≈-h≥
_lzm-ebx ˛ At\Iw hoSpIƒ D≈-h≥
XpwK-I-Snx ˛ Db¿∂ Ac-s°´v
[-\mVyx ˛ [\m-Vy≥
{lkzx ˛ Dbcw Ipd-™-h≥
ht{Im ˛ hfhp≈h≥
{ZpXKx ˛ thK-Øn¬ t]mIp-∂-h≥
ta[m-\zn-X ˛ _p≤n-am≥
- tXm-b-c-tXm ˛ Pe-Øn¬ X¬∏-c≥
A¬∏-]p{Xx ˛ ]p{X¿ Ipd-hv.
(5)
]nwtK-£Wx ÿqe-l-\p¿hn-im-e˛
ht{‡m- f `n-am\o k]-cm-{I-ax- kymXv
Ip]y-Xy-Imtcy h\-ssi-e-Kmao
amXr-hn-tbmKx(1) ÿnc-[o¿ar-tK-t{μ.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ amXr-hn-t[b
4. Nnßw e·w artKt{μ ˛ Nnßw e·-Øn¬ P\n-®m¬
]nwtK-£Wx ˛ ]nwK--\n-d-Ønep≈ IÆp-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.
(]nwKw ˛ a™bpw Nph∏pw Ie¿∂ \ndw)
ÿqe-l-\px ˛ XSn® XmSnsb√v
hn-im-eht{‡m- ˛ hnim-e-amb apJw / hmb
A`n-am\o ˛ A`nam\n
k]-cm-{I-a ˛ ]cm-{Ian
Ip]yXn AImtcy ˛ Imcy-an-√m-sX tIm]n-°p-∂-h≥
h\-ssi-e-Kmao ˛ Im´nepw aebnepw Kan-°p-∂-h≥
amXr-hn-tbmKx ˛ amXm-hns‚ hntbmKw
(amXr-hn-t[b ˛ amXm-hnt\mSphnt[b-Xzw F∂pw ImWp∂p.)
173
ÿnc-[o ˛ Cf°an√mØ a\ v / _p≤n
(6)
{kkvXmwk_mlpx ]c-hn-Ø-tK-sslx
kw]q-PytX kXy-cXx {]ntbm‡nx
{hofm-e-km-£-x kp-c-X-{]n-b-kym˛
—mkv{Xm¿∞-hn-®m¬∏-kp-tXmw-K-\mbmw.
5. I∂n e·w {kkvXmwk_mlpx ˛ th¿s]´ / ZrVa√mØ tXmfp-Ifpw
ssIIfpw
]c -hn-Ø- tK-sslx kw]q-PytX ˛ a‰p≈hcpsS [\hpw hoSpw sIm- v
am\n°s∏Sp∂h≥.
{]ntbm‡nx ˛ CjvSw ]d-bp-∂-h≥
{hofm-e-km-£ -. ˛ e÷sIm- v Ae-k-amb IÆp-ItfmSp
IqSnbh≥
kp-c-X-{]n-bx- ˛ kpc-X-Øn¬ {]nb-ap-≈-h≥
imkv{Xm¿∞-hnXv ˛ imkv{Xm¿∞ßfn¬,
imkv{Xm¿∞-N¿®I-fn¬, hnZzm≥,
-A¬∏-kp-tXm ˛ a°ƒ Ipd-hv.
(7)
NeXvIr-imw-tKm f ¬∏-kp-tXm- f Xn- t‡m
tZh-Zzn-Pm-\m-aSt\m Zzn\mam
{]mwip› Z£x {Ib-hn-{I-tbjp
[otcm f c (1)- b-kvXu-en\n a≤y-hm-Zo.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ AZb, A`b
6. Xpemw e·w Xu-en\n ˛ Xpemw e·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
Ne¬Ir-imw-tKm ˛ Nen-°p-∂Xpw Iri-hp-amb
AwK-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
A¬∏-kp-tXm ˛ a°ƒ Ipd™ncn°pw
- AXn-`t‡m tZh-Zzn-Pm-\mw ˛ tZh∑-mcnepw -{_m-“-W-cnepw hfsc
`‡nbp≈h≥
Zzn\mam ˛ c- p t]cp-≈h≥
{]mwipx ˛ s]m°-ap-≈-h≥
Z£x {Ib-hn-{In-tbjp ˛ I®-h-S-Øn¬ ka¿∞≥
[otcm ˛ [oc≥
a≤y-hm-Zo ˛ X¿°-ß-fn¬ a≤y-ÿ≥.
(8)
hrtØmcpPwLx ]rYpt\{X-h£m
tcmKo iniptXz Kpcp-Xm-X-lo\x
174
{Iqc-{Intbm cmP-Ip-em-`n-apJyx
IotS- f _vP-tc-JmMvInX]mWn-]m-Zx.
8. hr›nIw e·w IotS- ˛ hr›nIe·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
hrtØmcpPwL ˛ hrØsamØ XpSIfpw ap´p-Ifpw
]rYpt\{X-h£m ˛ ]rYp-hmb t\{Xßfpw h£ pw.,
(hen-b IÆpIfpw hncn™amdpw)
tcmKo iniptXz ˛ ssii-h-Øn¬ tcmKn
(_m-em-cn-jvSp-Iƒ)
Kpcp- Xm-X -lo\x ˛ Kpcphpw XmX\pw C√m-Ø-h≥,
(]nXmhns‚ kwc£Wtam Kpcphns‚
in£Wtam e`n°mØh≥)
{Iqc-{Intbm ˛ {Iqc-{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ sNøp-∂-h≥, ZpjvS≥
cmP-Ip-em-`n-apJyx ˛ cmP-Ip-e-tØmSv B`n-ap-Jy-ap-≈-h≥,
(`cn°p∂hcpsS klmbap≈h≥)
A_vP-tc-JmMvInX]mWn-]m-Zx ˛ Xmac∏phns‚ ASbmfap≈ ssIImepI
tfmSp IqSn-b-h≥.
(9)
Zo¿Lm-ky-IWvTx ]rYp-I¿Æ-\mkx
I¿tΩm-ZypXx Ip_vP-X-\p¿\r-t]jvSx
{]mK-¤y-`mIv XymK-bptXm f cnl¥m
kmavss\-I-km-t≤ym- f -izn-`thm _em-Vyx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: {]mK-¤y-hmIv
9. [\p e·w Aizn-`thm ˛ [\p e·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
Zo¿L Bky- IWvTx ˛ Zo¿L-amb apJhpw Igp-Øpw
]rYp -I¿Æ- \mkx ˛ XSn® sNhnbpw aq°pw.
I¿tΩm-ZypXx ˛ {]h¿Ø-\-\n-c-X≥.
{]mK¤y`mIv ˛ {]K¤≥
Ip_vP -X-\px ˛ Iq\p≈ icocw
\r-t]jvSx ˛ \r]\v CjvS-am-b-h≥
XymK-bptXm ˛ XymK-io-e≥
Acnl¥m ˛ i{Xp-°sf h[n-°p-∂-h≥
kmavss\-I-km-t≤ym -˛ \√ hm°pIsfs°m- p
kzm[o\n°mhp∂h≥
_em-Vyx ˛ i‡≥.
(10) A[x-Ir-i-x kXz-bptXm Krlo-X˛
hmtIym f -e-tkm f K-ay-P-cmw-K-t\jvSx
[¿Ω-≤ztPm `mKy-bp-tXm- f S-\›
hmXm¿ZntXm \{I-`thm hne÷x.
175
10. aIc e·w \{I- thm -˛ aI-c-e-·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
A[x-Ir-i- ˛ Acbv°p Xmsg saen™ icocw
k-Xz-bptXm ˛ Dƒ°cptØmSp IqSn-b-h≥.
. (k’z`mhn F∂pw ImWp∂p.)
Krlo-X hmtIym ˛ kzoI-cn-°s∏Sp∂ hmt°m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥,
P\k-Ω-X≥
Aetkm ˛ Ae-k≥, aSn-b≥
AK-ay- P-cmw-K-\ CjvSx ˛ hr≤Ifnepw {]m]n-°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ
kv{XoIfnepw Xm-¬∏cyap-≈-h≥
[¿Ω-≤ztPm ˛ [¿Ωw sImSn-bSbmfam-bn-´p-≈-h≥.
([¿Ωw sImSnbn¬ am{Xta ImWq. Bƒ A[m¿ΩnI\mbncn°pw.)
`mKy-bp-tXm ˛ `mKy-ap-≈-h≥
AS-\x ˛ tZim-S-\-°m-c≥
- hmXm¿±ntXm - ˛ hmX-tcm-Kn.
hne÷x ˛ e÷-bn-√m-Ø-h≥, \mWw-sI- -h≥.
(11)
{]—-∂-]mt]m LS-Xp-ey-tZtlm
hnLm-X-Z-t£m f -≤z-k-tlm f ¬∏-hnØx
ep_v[x ]cm¿∞o £b-hr-≤n-bpt‡m
LtSm-¤hx kymXv {]nb-K-‘-]pjv]x.
11. Ipw`w e·w LtSm-¤hx ˛ Ip`w e·-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥
{]—-∂-]mt]m -˛ ad®psh® ]m]-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.
LS-Xp-ey-tZtlm ˛ IpSw.t]m-ep≈ ico-cw.
hnLm-X-Z-t£m ˛ XS ߃ D- m-°p-∂-Xn¬ - k-a¿∞≥. A≤z-k-tlm. . ˛ \o- \SØw kln°p∂h≥
A¬∏-hnØx ˛ A[nIw [\-an-√m-Ø-h≥
ep_v[x ˛ ep_v[≥, ]nip-°≥
]cm¿∞o ˛ A\ycpsS [\tØmSpIqSnbh≥
£b-hr-≤n-bpt‡m ˛ -˛ Db¿®Ifpw Xmgv®Ifpw D≈h≥
{]nb-K-‘-]pjv]x. ˛ hmk\Ifpw ]q°fpw CjvSs∏Sp∂h≥
(12)
AXyw-_p-]m-\-x k-a-Nm-cptZlx
kzZm-c-K-kvtXm-b-P-hn-Ø-t`m‡m
hnZzm≥ IrX-t⁄m- f `n-`-h-Xy-an-{Xm≥
ipt`-£tWm `mKy-bp-tXm- f ¥y-cm-ti.
12. ao\w e·w A¥y-cmti ˛ ao\-e-·-Øn¬ P\n-®m¬
AXyw-_p-]m-\- ˛ hfsc sh≈w IpSn-°p-∂-h≥
176
k-a-Nm-cptZlx ˛ kahpw Nmcp-hp-amb tZlw.
(Nmcp ˛ `wKnbp≈, .kaw ˛ XpeyXbp≈, GIcq]amb, Cc´bmb ....(i_vZXmcmhen)
kzZm-c-K ˛ kz¥w `mcy-tbm-Sp- (am{Xw) _‘w
]pe¿Øp∂-h≥
tXm-b-P -hn-Ø- t`m‡m ˛ Pe-hpamtbm Pehn`hßfpamtbm
_‘s∏´ hcpam\w. A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥.
hnZzm≥ ˛ ]finX≥
IrX-t⁄m ˛ \μn-bp-≈-h≥
- A`n-`-h-Xn A-an-{Xm≥ ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn-°p-∂-h≥
ipt`-£tWm ˛ hiyamb IÆpItfmSpIqSnbh≥
`mKy-bp-tXm ˛ `mKy-hm≥.
(13)
cmtix kz`m-hm-{i-b-cq-]-h¿Æm≥
⁄mXzm-\p-cq-]mWn ^em\n Xky
bp‡ym htZZ{X ^ew hnet·
b®-{μ-e-t· f ]n XtZh hmNyw
2. {Kl߃ D®cmin, kzt£{Xw XpSßnbhbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew.
1.^e߃ Nn¥nt°- hn[w cmtix kz`m-h B-{i-b- cq-] -h¿Æm≥ ⁄mXzm-
˛ cmin-bpsS kz`m-hw, B{i-bw, cq]w, h¿Æw F∂nh Adn-™n´v
A\p-cq-]mWn ^em\n Xky bp‡ym htZXv
˛ A\p-cq-]-amb ^e߃ bp‡n-]q¿hw ]d-bWw.
A{X ^ew hnet· b®-{μ-e-t· A]n XtZh hmNyw
˛ Cu ^e߃ e·w sh®pw N{μ-e·w (PmXIØn¬ N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin)
sh®pw ]cn-tim-[n-®p ]dbWw.
(14)
{Ktl kXn \ntPm-®tK `hXn cXv\-K¿`m-[nt]m
alo-]-Xn-Ir-X-kvXp-Xn¿a-ln-X-k-º-Zm-am-ebx
DZm-c-Kp-W-kw-bptXm PbXn hn{I-am¿t°m bYm
\tb bikn hn{Ita hnX-ctW [rXu Iui-te.
2 .{Kl-߃ D®-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew {Ktl kXn \ntPm-®tK `hXn ˛ P\-\-Øn-¶¬ {Kl-߃ kz¥w D®-cm-in-I-fn-
emsW-¶n¬
cXv\-K¿`m-[nt]m ˛ ˛ `qanbpsS A[n]≥
alo-]-Xn-Ir-X-kvXp-Xnx ˛ cmPm-hn-\m¬ kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
a-ln-X-k-º-Zm-am-ebx ˛ henb kº-Øns‚ Ccn-∏n-Sw
DZm-c-Kp-W-kw-bptXm ˛ HuZm-cy-io-e≥
\tb bikn hn{Ita hnX-ctW [rXu Iui-te
˛ \bw, bi- v, hn{Iaw, Zm\w, _p≤n,
Iuiew XpS-ßn-b-h-sIm- v
177
PbXn hn{I-am¿t°m bYm ˛ hn{I-am-Zn-Xy-s\-t∏mepw Pbn-°pw.
- -(15)
kza-μn-c-KtX {Ktl {]`p-]-cn-{K-lm-Zm-bXnw
{]`p-Xz-a]n hm Krl-ÿn-Xn- a-N-©emw {]m]v\p-bmXv
\hw `h-\-ap¿h-cm-£n-Xn-ap-ss]Xn Imte kztI
Pt\ _lp-aXnw ]p\-x- kI-e-\-jvS-hkvXq\y-]n.
3. {Kl-߃ kzt£{X-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew kza-μn-c-KtX {Ktl ˛ {Kl-߃ kzt£-{X-ß-fn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ
P\n®m¬
{]`p-]-cn-{K-lm-Zm-bXnw ˛ {]`p-°-fn¬\n∂p kΩm\߃In´p∂h\pw
{]`p-Xz-a]n hm ˛ As√-¶n¬ {]`pXzwXs∂ (e`n°p∂h\pw)
Krl-ÿn-Xn-aw AN-©emw ˛ Cf°w X´mØ Krl-hmkw
{]m]v\p-bmXv \hw `h-\-w D¿h-cm-£n-Xn ˛]pXnb hoSpw ^e-`q-bn-jvT-amb
Irjnÿehpw kºmZn°pw
Imte kztI ˛ kz¥w (Cu {KlØns‚ Zi-bn¬)
Pt\ _lp-aXnw ˛ P\-ßfpsS _-lp-am\w e`n°pw
]p\x kI-e-\-jvS-hkvXq\y-]n .˛ \jvS-s∏-´ hkvXp°sf-√mw Xncn®p
In´pIbpw sNøpw.
(16)
{Kl-x kp-lr-Xvt£-{X-K-Xx k-p-lr¤nx
Imcyky kn≤nw \h-ku-lrZw N
kp(k-Xv)]p-{X-Pm-bm-[-\-[m-\y-`mKyw
ZZm-Xybw k¿h-P-\m-\pIq-eyw.
4. {Kl-߃ an{Xt£{X-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew {Klx kplr-Xvt£{X KX ˛ {Kl-߃ an{X-t£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p-
tºmƒ P\n®m¬
kp-lr¤nx Imcyky kn≤nw ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fm¬ / _‘p°sf
s°m- p Imcy-߃ km[n°pw
\h-ku-lrZw N ˛ ]pXnb kplrXv_‘-߃ ÿm]n°pw
kp]p-{X -Pm-bm -[-\ -[m-\y-`mKyw ˛ \√ a°ƒ, `mcy, [\w, [m\yw
`mKyw F∂nh D- mIpw.
k¿h-P-\m-Iq-eyw ˛ F√m-h-cpw A\pIqen°p∂h\pw
Bbncn°pw.
(17)
KtX {Ktl i{Xp-Krlw \nIr-jvSXmw
]cm-∂-hrØnw ]c-a-μn-c-ÿnXnw
AIn-©\Xzw cn]p-]o-U\w kZm
kv\nKvt[m]n Xkym-Xn-cn-]p-Xz-am-]v\p-bm-Xv.
178
5. {Kl-߃ i{Xpt£{X-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew
KtX {Ktl i{Xp-Krlw ˛ {Kl߃ i{Xp-t£-{X-Øn¬
\n¬°ptºmƒ P\n®m¬
\nIr-jvSXmw ˛ \nIr-jvSamb, NoØ, I¿Ω߃
sNøp∂h\pw
]cm-∂-hrØnw ˛ A\y≥ Xcp∂ `£WwsIm- p
Pohn°p∂h\pw
]c-a-μn-c-ÿnXnw ˛ A\ys‚ ho´n¬ Xmakn°p∂h\pw
cn]p-]o-U\w kZm ˛ Ft∏mgpw i{Xp-ieyw A\p`hn°p∂h\pw
kv\nKv[ A]n Xky A-Xn-cn-]p-Xzw B--]v\p-bm-Xv
˛ an{X߃ t]mepw Ahs‚ i{Xp-°-fm-Ipw.
(18)
\oN-Kr-tl- f [x-]-X\w kzhr-ssØ¿˛
ssZ\yw Zpcm-Nm-c-ar-Wm-]vXn-amlpx
\oNm-{ibw IoI-S-tZ-i-hmkw
`rXy-Xz-a-≤z-ma-\¿∞-Im-cyw.
6.{Kl-߃ \oN-Øn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew \oN-Kr-tl- - ˛ {Kl-w \oN-cminbn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ
P\n®m¬
A[x-]-X\w kzhr-ssØx ˛ kz¥w {]h¿Øn-IƒsIm- v /
kz¥w sXmgnen¬\n∂v A[-]-X\w
ssZ\yw ˛ Zo\X
Zpcm-Nm-cw- ˛ Zpjv{]h¿ØnIƒ
EWm-]vXn- ˛ IS_m≤yXIƒ
\oNm-{ibw ˛ Zp¿÷\ßsf B{ibnt°- n hcpI.
IoIStZihmkw ˛ KpWw]nSn°mØ, Zcn{Zamb, tZißfn¬
Pohnt°- n hcpw
`rXy-Xz- ˛ Zmky-the sNøpw
A≤z-\y≥ ˛ hgn \S∂p hnj-an-°p-w
A\¿∞-Im-cyw ˛ A\¿∞-ß-fn¬ sN∂pNmSpw.
(19)
{Ktlm auVyw {]m]vtXm ac-W-a-Nn-cmXv kv{Xokp-X-[ss\x
{]lo-WXzw hy¿t∞ Ie-l-a-]-hmZw ]cn-`hw
ka¿£ÿx tJtSm \ Ie-bXn sshti-jn-I-^ew
kpJw hm ZpxJw hm P\-bXn bYm-]q¿h-a-N-ew.
7. {KlØn\p auVy-aps- ¶n¬ {Ktlm auVyw {]m]vtXm ˛ {KlØn\p auVy-aps- ¶n¬
ac-Ww ANn-cm¬ ˛ acWw thKØn¬, A¬∏mbp v
kv{Xokp-X-[ss\x {]loWXzw ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ, [\w apX-embhbpsS
{]loWXzw. {]loWw ˛ XyPn°∏´Xv.
179
Ch C√mØh≥ F∂¿∞w.
hy¿t∞ Ie-lw - ˛ shdpsXbp≈ hg°pIƒ
A-]-hmZw ˛ NoØt∏cv
]cn-`hw ˛ Aham\w Ch ^ew.
8. {Kl-߃ ka-t£{XØn¬ \n∂m-ep-≈ -^ew ka¿£ÿx tJtSm ˛ P\\Øn¬ ka-t£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂
{Klw
\ Ie-bXn sshti-jn-I-^ew ˛ (Xs‚ Zim]lmcßfn¬) hnti-j-ambn
H∂pw sNøp-∂n-√, Hcp am‰hpw hcpØp∂n-√.
kpJw hm ZpxJw hm P\-bXn bYm-]q¿h-a-N-ew
˛ kpJ-am-bmepw ZpJ-am-bmepw, ]-g-b-Xpt]m-se, am‰-an-√m-sX XpScpw.
(sXm´papºv A\p`hn® Zim^ewXs∂ kat£{XØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚
Zibnepw XpScpw F∂¿∞w.)
(20)
h{Iw KtX tkzm®-^ew hnZ-ZymXv
k]Xv\\oN¿£-K-tXm f ]n tJSx
h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-ÿnXtJN-tcm]n
kzt£-{X-K-tkym-‡-^-em\n XZz-Xv.
9. {Kl-߃ h{IKXnbn¬ BsW¶n¬ ^ew k]Xv\ \oN¿£ -K-X A]n tJSx i{Xp-t£-{Xw, \oNw F∂nhbn¬
\n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃IqSn
h{Iw KtX tkzm®-^ew hnZ-ZymXv h{I-KXn-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ D®-Øn¬ \n∂m-
ep≈ ^ew \¬Ipw.
10. h¿t§m-Øa^ew h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-ÿnXn tJN-tcm]n ˛ h¿t§m-Ø-a-Øn-ep≈ {Klw
kzt£-{X-K-tkym-‡-^-em\n XZz-Xv ˛ kzt£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-Øns‚ ^ew
\¬Ipw.
180
A≤ymbw 10
Ggmw `mhNn¥
Ggmw`mhw, Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, Ggmw`mh`mhImcI≥ ip{I≥ F∂nh ASn
ÿm\ am°nbmWv ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ If{Xkw_‘amb Imcy߃ ˛˛ `mcybpsS
Bbp v, kz`mhKpWw, kXv]p{X∑msc \¬Im\p≈ tbmKw F∂nh ˛˛ km[mcW
Nn¥n°p∂Xv.
(1)
ip`m[n]bptX£ntX kpXIf{Xt` e·tXm
hnt[mc]n Xtbmx ip`w XznXcYm \ kn≤nkvXtbmx
knXmZvhybkpJmjvSssKx JcJssKck∑≤ytK
kntX f ]yY ipt`Xtc£nXbptX N Pmbmh[x.
1. e·tXm hnt[m A]n ˛ e·mtem N{μmtem,
kpXIf{Xt` ˛ A©v(]p{X), Ggv(If{X) `mhßfn¬,
ip`m[n]bptX£ntX ˛ ip`{KlÿnXntbm `mhm[n]ÿnXntbm --
ChcpsS ZrjvSntbm D- mbm¬,
Xtbmx ip`w ˛ Ah c- pw (5,7) ip`Icambncn°pw.
CXcYm ˛ adn®v, Aßns\bs√¶n¬,
\ kn≤nx Xtbmx ˛ Ah c- n\pw ^ekn≤n D- mhpIbn√.
2. knXmXv ˛ ip{Im¬, -
hybkpJmjvSssKx ˛ 12, 4, 8 `mhßfn¬,
JcJssKx ˛ ]m]{ Klßfp- mhpI,
AkXv a≤ytK kntX ˛ ip{IÿnXn ]m]cpsS CSbv°mhpI,
ipt`Xc Cu£nX bptX ˛ ip{I\p ]m]ZrjvSntbm ]m]tbmKtam
D- mhpI, F¶n¬
Pmbmh[x ˛ `mcy acn°pw.
181
1. ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ e·mepw N{μmepw, A©v ˛ Ggv `mhßfn¬ ip`{Kl
ÿnXn, `mhm[n]ÿnXn, ip`{KlZrjvSn, `mhm[n]ZrjvSn F∂nh `mh]pjvSn°p
ImcWamIp∂p. Cu _eßfp≈ Ggmw`mhw `mcymKpWhpw A©mw`mhw ]p{X
KpWhpw \¬Ip∂p. CXn\p hn]coXambn Cu `mhßfn¬ --]m]ÿnXnbpw ]m]
ZrjvSnbpw D- mbm¬ ^ew {]XnIqehpambncn°pw.
2. If{X`mhw ip{Imepw Nn¥n°Ww. ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ ip{Im¬ 4˛8˛12
`mhßfn¬ ]m]{Klßfp- mhpI, ip{IÿnXn ]m]a≤yØnemhpI, ip{I\p
]m]ZrjvSntbm ]m]tbmKtam D- mhpI. F∂nh Aip`IcamWv. ip{I\p hcp∂
_e°pdhpIƒ°\pkcn®p `¿Ømhv Ccnt° `mcybpsS acWwhsc kw`hn°mw.
(2)
Zmtcti kpXtK {]WjvSh\ntXm f -˛ ]pt{Xm f Yhm [oiztcm
Zyqt\ hm \n[t\iztcm f ]n IpcptX
]Xv\ohn\miw {[phw
£otWμu kpXtK hybmkvXX\pssKx
]mss]cZmcmflPx
kv{XokwKm≤\\mi\w aZKtbmx
kz¿`m\p `mt\zm¿htZXv.
1. Zmtcti ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]≥,
kpXtK ˛ A©mw`mhØn¬ --\n∂m¬,
{]\jvS h\nXx ˛ `mcy \jvSamIpw.
A]p{X AYhm ˛ As√¶n¬ ]p{X∑m¿ C√mØht\m BIpw.
2. [oiztcm Zyqt\ hm \n[t\iztcm ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xntbm
F´mw`mhm[n]Xntbm Ggn¬ \n∂m¬,
IpcptX ]Xv\ohn\miw {[phw ˛ Xo¿®bmbpw ]Xv\nbpsS \miw sNøpw.
3. £otWμu kpXtK ˛ A©n¬ £oWN{μ\pw,
hyb AkvX X\pssKx ]mss]x, ˛ ]{¥- v, Ggv, e·w Chbn¬ --]m]∑mcpw
\n∂m¬,
AZmcmflPx ˛ `mcybpw a°fpw C√mØh\mbn `hn°pw.
4. aZKtbmx kz¿`m\p `mt\zmx ˛ kqcy\pw cmlphpw (c- pw) Ggn¬ -- \n∂m¬,
kv{XokwKmXv [\\mi\w htZXv ˛ kv{XokwKwsIm- p [\\miw ]dbWw.
1. ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn A©mw`mhØn¬ --\n¬°p∂Xpw
2. A©mw`mhm[n]Xntbm F´mw`mhm[n]Xntbm Ggn¬ \n¬°p∂Xpw
3. A©n¬ £oWN{μ\pw 1˛7˛12 `mhßfn¬ -- ]m]∑mcpw --\n¬°p∂Xpw
tZmjamWv.
4. Ggn¬ kqcy\pw cmlphpw tN¿∂p -\n∂m¬ kv{XokwKwsIm- p [\\miw
D- mIpw.
182
(3)
ipt{I hr›nItK atZ arXh[qx Imta hrjtÿ _pt[
kv{Xo\mikvXzY \oNtK kpcKpcu Zyq\m[ncqtV XYm
Pmant{X QjtK i\u kXn XYm `uta f Yhm kv{XoarXn˛
›{μt£{XKtbm¿atZ f ¿InIpPtbmx ]Xv\o kXo tim`\m.
1. hr›nItK atZ ˛ Ggmw`mhw hr›nIamhpIbpw, AXn¬
ipt{I ˛ ip{I≥ \n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬,
arXh[qx ˛ `mcy acn°pw.--
2. Imta hrjtÿ ˛ Ggmw`mhw CShamIpIbpw, AXn¬
_pt[ ˛ --_p[≥ \n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬,
kv{Xo\mix ˛ `mcym \miw.
3. \oNtK kpcKpcu ˛ \oN\mb Kpcp,
Zyq\m[ncqtV ˛ Ggn¬ --\n∂mepw,
XYm ˛ A{]ImcwXs∂.
4. Pmant{X QjtK ˛ Ggmw`mhw ao\amhpIbpw
i\u kXn XYm `uta AYhm ˛ i\ntbm IpPt\m AXn¬ \n¬°pIbpw
sNbvXm¬
kv{XoarXn ˛ `mcym\miap- mIpw.
Ggmw`mhw Nne {]tXyIcminIfn¬ -- hcnIbpw Nne {]XyI {Kl߃ AXn¬ --
\n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ -- `mcybpsS acWap- mImw.
`mhw cmin {Klw
7 hr›nIw ip{I≥
7 CShw _p[≥
7 aIcw Kpcp
7 ao\w i\n / IpP≥
5. N{μt£{XKtbmx atZx ˛ Ggmw`mhw I¿°SamhpIbpw AXn¬
A¿°nIpPtbmx ˛ i\nbpw IpP\pw Hcpan®p \n¬°pIbpw
sNbvXm¬,
]Xv\o kXo tim`\m ˛ --`mcy k’z`mhnbpw kpμcnbpambncn°pw.
Ggmw`mhw I¿°SamhpIbpw AXn¬ i\nbpw IpP\pw tN¿∂p \n¬°pIbpw
sNbvXm¬ --`mcy k’z`mhnbpw kpμcnbpambncn°pw.
(4)
AkvtX hmkvX]XmhkZv{KlbptX ZrjvtS f ]yk∑≤ytK
\oNmcmXnKrtl f ¿IIm¥y`nltX {_qbmXv If{XNypXnw
Imta hm kpX`mKytbm¿hnIeZmtcm f ku k]mt] `rKu
ipt{I hm IpPaμh¿KklntX ZrjvtS ]ckv{XocXx.
1. AkvtX hm AkvX]mXv ˛ Ggmw `mhØnt\m Ggmw `mhm[n]t\m,
AkXv {KlbptX, ZrjvtS A]n, ˛ ]m]tbmKtam ]m]ZrjvSntbm
AkXv a≤ytK -˛ ]m]a≤yÿnXntbm,
183
\oNmcmXnKrtl ˛ \oNt£{XÿnXntbm, i{Xp£{XÿnXntbm,
A¿°Im¥n A`nltX ˛ auVytam D- mbm¬,
{_qbmXv If{XNypXnw ˛ If{X\misØ ]dbWw.
2. `rKu k]mt] ˛ ip{I≥ ]m]{KltbmKtØmsS,
Imta kpX `mKytbmx ˛ Ggntem A©ntem HºXntem \n∂m¬,
hnIeZmtcm ˛ `mcy sshIeyap≈hfmbncn°pw.
3. ipt{I ˛ ip{I≥
IpPaμh¿KklntX ˛ i\nbptStbm IpPt‚tbm h¿§Øn¬
\n¬°pItbm,
ZrjvtS ˛ Ahcm¬ t\m°s∏SpItbm sNbvXm¬,
]ckv{XocXx ˛ ]ckv{XocX\mbn `hn°pw.
1. Ggmw `mhØnt\m Ggmw`mhm[n]t\m ]m]tbmKtam, ]m]ZrjvSntbm,
]m]a≤yÿnXntbm, \oNt£{XÿnXntbm, i{Xp£{XÿnXntbm, auVytam D- m
bm¬ If{X\misØ ]dbWw.
2. ip{I≥ ]m]{KltbmKtØmsS Ggntem A©ntem HºXntem \n∂m¬
`mcybv°v AwKsshIeytam, kz`mhsshIeytam, amdmtcmKtam Fs¥¶nepw Hcp
XIcmdv D- mbncn°pw.
3. ip{I≥ i\nbptStbm IpPt‚tbm h¿§Øn¬ \n¬°pItbm Ahcm¬
t\m°s∏SpItbm sNbvXm¬ Abmƒ A\ykv{XoIfpambn _‘ap≈h\mbncn°pw.
(5)
`uam¿IykvtX `rKpPiint\m¿Zmclot\m f kptXm hm
¢ot_m f kvtX hm `hXn `hKu Zzu {Klu kv{XoZzbw kymXv
Zzμz¿£mwti aZ]XnknXu Xky PmbmZzbw kym˛
Øm`ymw bpss‡¿KK\\nessbx* ZmckwJymw hZ¥p.
1. `rKpP iint\m AkvtX ˛ ip{IN{μ∑mcpsS Ggmw`mhØn¬,
`ua A¿°n ˛ IpPt\m i\ntbm \n∂m¬,
Zmclot\m AkptXm hm ˛ `mcytbm a°tfm C√mØh\mIpw.
¢ot_m AkvtX ˛ (ChcpsS) Ggn¬ ¢o_{Klw (_p, a) \n∂m¬,
AkptXm ˛ a°fpw D- mIn√.
2. `hXn `hKu tZz {Klu ˛ ]Xns\m∂mw`mhØn¬c- p{Klw \n∂m¬,
kv{XoZzbx kymXv ˛ c- p `mcyam¿ D- mIpw.
3. aZ]Xn knXu ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw ip{I\pw,
Zzμz¿£mwti ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ \n¬°pItbm
Awin°pItbm sNbvXm¬,
Xky PmbmZzbw kymXv ˛ Abmƒ°p c- p `mcyam¿ D- mIpw.
4. Xz`ymw bpss‡x* ˛ AhtbmSp (Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, ip{I≥) IqSnb,
184
ZmckwJymw hZ¥p ({Klßsfs°m- )v `mcyamcpsS FÆw
]dbWw.
1. ip{IN{μ∑mcpsS Ggn¬ IpPt\m i\ntbm \n∂m¬ `mcy(`mcymKpWw)
D- mIn√.
2. ip{IN{μ∑mcpsS Ggmw`mhØn¬ ¢o_{Klw \n∂m¬ a°fpw
D- mIn√.
3. ]Xns\m∂mw`mhØn¬ c- p {Klw \n∂m¬ c- p `mcyam¿ D- mIpw.
4. Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw ip{I\pw bp‹cminbn¬ \n¬°pItbm Awin°pItbm
sNbvXmepw c- p `mcyam¿ D- mIpw.
5. Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, ip{I≥ ChtcmSpIqSnb Klßsfs°m- v `mcyamcpsS
FÆsØ ]dbWw.
* Xm`ymw bpss‡x KK\\nessbx F∂Xnse KK\\nebsØ°pdn®p hymJym
\ßfn¬ H∂pw ImWp∂n√. tPymXnjØn¬ -- KK\\nebw ]ØmanSamWv.
(6)
kv{XokwJymw aZssK¿{Kssl¿arXnakXv
tJssS› k¤nx ÿnXnw
Zyqt\ti k_te ipt` kXn h[qx
km[zo kp]p{Xm\znXm
]mt]m f ]n kz{Krlw KXx ip`Icx
]Xv\ym› ImaÿnXm
lnXzm jUvhybc{‘]m∑Z\Kmx
kuaymkvXp kuJymhlmx
1. kv{XokwJymw aZssKx {Ksslx ˛ Ggmw`mhØn¬ -- D≈ {Klßsfs°m- p
`mcyamcpsS FÆhpw,
arXnw AkXv tJssSx N ˛ AXn¬ ]m]{Klßsfs°m- v
Bbp pIpd™ `mcyamcpsS FÆhpw,
kXv`n x ˛ ip`{Klßsfs°m- v Bbp p≈
`mcyamcpsS FÆhpw Nn¥n°Ww.
2. Zyqt\ti k_te ipt` ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]≥ _ehm\mb
ip`\msW¶n¬,
h[q km[zo kp]p{Xm\znXm ˛ `mcy ]Xn{hXbmIpw. \√ ]p{X∑mcpw
D- mIpw.
3 ]m]x A]n ˛ ]m]\msW¶nepw
ImaÿnXx ˛ Ggn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw
kz{Krlw KXx ]Xv\ym› ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]XnbmsW¶n¬
ip`Icx ˛ ip`sØ sNøpw.
4 lnXzm jU vhyb c{‘]m ˛ 6, 12, 8 `mh߃ Hgn®p≈ `mhßfpsS
A[n]XnIfpw,
kuaymx Xp ˛ ip`∑mcpamb {KlßfmW,v
185
aZ\Km ˛ Ggmw`mhØn¬ \n¬°p∂sX¶n¬, --
kuJymhlmx ˛ kuJy{]ZamWv.
1. Ggmw`mhØn¬ -- D≈ {Klßsfs°m- p `mcyamcpsS FÆw ]dbWw.
AXn¬ ]m]{Klßsfs°m- v acn®pt]mIp∂ `mcyamcpsS FÆhpw ip`Klßsf
s°m- v Bbp p≈ `mcyamcpsS FÆhpw Nn¥n°Ww.
2. Ggmw`mhm[n]≥ _eap≈ ip`\msW¶n¬ `mcy ]Xn{hXbmbpw \√
]p{X∑mtcmSpIqSnbhfmbpw `hn°pw.
3. Ggn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw ]m]\msW¶nepw Ggmw `mhm[n]XnbmsW¶n¬
ip`sØ sNøpw.
4. 6˛8˛12 `mhm[n]c√mØ ip`∑m¿ Ggmw`mhØn¬ \n∂m¬ \√ ^ew
D- mIpw.
(7)
`mcym\mikvXzip`klnXu ho£nXu hm¿∞Imau
X{X {]mlpkvXzip`^eZm {IqcZrjvSnw hntijmXv --
Ghw ]Xv\ym A]n kXn atZ NmjvSta hmkvXn tZmjx
kussay¿ZrjvtS kXn ip`bptX ZºXo `mKyh¥u.
1. A¿∞Imau ˛ 2, 7 `mhßfn¬
Aip`klnXu ho£nXmx ˛ ]m]ÿnXntbm ]m]ZrjvSntbm hcpIn¬
`mcym\mi ˛ `mcym\miap- mIpw.
Aip`^eZm {IqcZrjvSnw hntijm¬ --˛ {IqcZrjvSn hntijn®pw tZmjIcamWv.
2. Ghw ]Xv\ym A]n kXn atZ NmjvSta hmkvXn tZmjx
˛ kv{XoPmXIØn¬ -- 7, 8 `mhßfn¬ --Cßs\ h∂mepw˛˛]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm
t\m°pItbm sNbvXmepw ˛˛ tZmjamWv.
3. kussayx ZrjvtS kXn ip`bptX ZºXo `mKyh¥u ˛
˛ (Cu`mhßfn¬) kuay∑m¿ t\m°pItbm \n¬°ptbm sNbvXm¬ -- ZºXnam¿
`mKyimenIfmIpw.
1. HcmfpsS PmXIØn¬ c- nepw Ggnepw ]m]{Kl߃ \n¬°p∂Xpw
c- ntebv°pw Ggntebv°pw ]m]{Kl߃ t\m°p∂Xpw tZmjIcamWv.
]m]ZrjvSn hntijn®pw tZmjamWv.
2. `mcybpsS PmXIØn¬ -- 7, 8 `mhßfn¬ --]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm
t\m°pItbm sNøp∂Xpw tZmjIcamWv. --
3. `¿Ømhns‚ PmXIØn¬ 2, 7 `mhßfnepw `mcybpsS PmXIØn¬ 7, 8
`mhßfnepw kuay∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm t\m°pItbm sNbvXm¬ -- ZºXnam¿
`mKyap≈hcmbn `hn°pw.
(8)
Nt{μ katμ aZtK ]p\¿`q-˛
]Xn¿`thZzm]ykptXm hnZmcx
\oNmcn`ssÿcipss`¿atZ kv{Xo˛
]pwtkm¿arXnx kym∂n[t\ [t\ hm.
186
1. Nt{μ katμ aZtK ˛ N{μ≥ i\ntbmSpIqSn Ggn¬ \n∂m¬,
]p\¿`qx ]Xnx `thXv ˛ ]p\¿hnhmlnXbpsS `¿ØmhmIpw.
A]n AkptXm hnZmcx ˛ As√¶n¬ a°fpw `mcybpwC√mØh\pamImw.
2 Aipss` \oNmcn`ssÿ ˛ ]m]{Kl߃, \oNØntem i{Xpt£{XØntem
\n¬°pIbpw B cmin
atZ \n[t\ [t\ hm ˛ 7, 8, 2 `mhßfn¬ H∂mhpIbpw sNbvXm¬
-- kv{Xo]pwtkm¿arXnx ˛ `mcybpw / `¿Ømhpw acn°pw.
1. N{μ≥ i\ntbmSpIqSn Ggn¬ \n∂m¬ `mcybptSXv p\¿hnhmlambncn°pw.
a°ƒ D- mIn√. Nnet∏mƒ `mcybpw a°fpan√mØh\pamImw.
2. ]m]{Kl߃ 2, 7, 8 `mhßfn¬ \n¬°pIbpw B `mhw B {KlØns‚
\oNcmintbm i{Xpcmintbm BhpIbpw sNbvXm¬ AXp kv{Xo°pw ]pcpj\pw
tZmjIcamWv. -(Cu Ahÿ `¿Ømhns‚ PmXIØnemsW¶n¬ `mcybv°p .
`mcybpsS PmXIØnemsW¶n¬ `¿Ømhn\p tZmjw.)
(9)
e·mXv --If{X`ht\ kacminkwt⁄
`mhm[nt] f ]n N XssYh KtX f kptctVy
kqcym`nX]vXclntX kpXZmc\mtY
hocym\zntX Xp P\\w kkpXw If{Xw.
e·m¬ --If{X`ht\ kacminkwt⁄ ˛ e·m¬ Ggmwcmin kacminbmhpI;
`mhm[nt]]n .... kptctVy ˛ ip{I\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw
kacminbn¬ --\n¬--°pI
kqcym`nX]vXclntX kpXZmc\mtY ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw
auVyan√mXncn°pI,
hocm\zntX ˛ _ehcmIpI; F¶n¬
kkpXw If{Xw ˛ a°fpw `mcybpw D≈h\mIpw.
HcmfpsS PmXIØn¬˛˛ --
1. e·m¬ Ggmwcmin kacminbmhpI;
2. ip{I\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw kacminbn¬ -- \n¬--°pI;
3. A©mw`mhm[n]\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw auVyan√mXncn°pI;
4. A©mw`mhm[n]\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pw _eap- mhpI;
˛˛ F¶n¬ -- Abmƒ°p -- `mcymkpJhpw ]p{XKpWhpw e`n°pw. (kkpXw If{Xw
F∂Xns\ ]p{X`mKytØmSpIqSnb `mcy F∂pw hymJym\n®p ImWp∂p).
(10)
IpSpw_Zmchybcmin\mYmx
Poth£nXmx tImWNXpjvSbÿmx
ZmtcizcmZznØIf{Xemt`
kuaymx If{Xw kkpXw kpJmVyw.
187
IpSpw_ Zmc hyb cmin\mYm ˛ 2, 7, 12 `mhm[n]¿
Poth£nXmx ˛ hymgZrjvSntbmsS
tImWNXpjvSbÿmx ˛ {XntImWØntem tI{μØntem \n∂mepw,
ZmtcizcmXv hnØIf{Xemt` kuaymx ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]\n¬\n∂pw,2, 7, 11 `mhßfn¬
ip`∑m¿ \n∂mepw
If{Xw kkpXw kpJmVyw ˛ \√ If{Xhpw ]p{X∑mcpw D- mIpw.
1. 2, 7, 12 `mhm[n]¿°p hymgZrjvSn;
2. 2, 7, 12 `mhm[n]¿ {XntImWØntem tI{μØntem ÿnXn;
3. Ggmw`mhm[n]\n¬\n∂pw 2, 7, 11 `mhßfn¬ kuay∑m¿ \n¬°pI
˛˛ Ch HØp h∂m¬ `mcymkpJhpw ]p{XKpWhpw e`n°pw.
(11)
e·mkvX\mYÿnX`mwitImtW
\otNm®t` kv{XoP\\w N ]Xypw
N{μmjvSh¿tK f [nI_nμpcmiu
If{XPt∑Xn XYm [\ky
1 ]Xypx e·mXv ˛ ¿Ømhns‚ e·him¬,
AkvX\mYÿnX`mwi ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂ cminbptStbm
\hmwiØnt‚tbm,
tImtW \otN D®t` ˛ {XntImWcmintbmGgmw`mhm[n]s‚
\oNcmintbm Bbncn°pw,
kv{XoP\\w ˛ mcybpsS P∑cmin.
2. N{μmjvSh¿tK A[nI_nμpcmiu N{μmjvSh¿§Øn¬ A[nIw _nμp°ƒ
D≈ cminbpw,
XYm [\ky ˛ A{]Imcw (e·m¬) c- mw`mhcminbpw,
If{XPt∑Xn - ˛ `mcybpsS P∑cminbmIpw.
`¿Ømhns‚ PmXIØn¬ ˛˛
1. Ggmw `mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsStbm \hmwiØns‚tbm
{XntImWcmin
2. Ggmw`mhm[n]s‚ D®cmin / \oNcmin
4. N{μmjvSh¿§Øn¬ A[nIw _nμp°ƒ D≈ cmin
5. e·m¬ c- mw `mhw
˛˛ CXn¬ H∂mbncn°pw `mcybpsS P∑cmin.
(12)
ImaÿImam[n]`m¿Khm\m˛
ar£w Zniw iwkXn Xky ]Xv\ymx
ipt{Im f kvXt]m hm X\p\mY`mwi
{XntImWambmXn XZm hnhmlx
188
1 Imaÿ Imam[n] `m¿§hm\mw E£w˛ Ggmw`mhØnencn°p∂ {Klw,
Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, ip{I≥ (ChcpsS) cmin,
Xky ]Xv\ymx Zniw iwkXn ˛ `mcybpsS Zn°p kqNn∏n°p∂p.
2 ipt{Im AkvXt]m ˛ ip{It\m, Ggmw `mhm[n]t\m,
X\p\mY` Awi ˛ e·m[n]s‚ AwiIØns‚
{XntImWw ˛ {XntImWØn¬
--BbmXn ˛ (Nmchim¬) --hcptºmgmbncn°pw
XZm hnhmlx ˛ hnhmlw.
1. ]pcpjPmXIØn¬ --Ggn¬ --\n¬°p∂ {Klw, Ggmw`mhm[n]≥, ip{I≥ Chcn¬
IqSpX¬ _eap≈ {KlØn\v B[n]Xyap≈ cmin kqNn∏n°p∂Xmbncn°pw
`mcybpsS Zn°v.
2. Nmchim¬ ip{It\m Ggmw`mhm[n]t\m, e·m[n]≥ \n¬°p∂
cminbpsS \hmwiØns‚ {XntImWcminbneqsS IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ hnhmlw
\S°pw.
(13)
If{Xkwÿky If{XZrjvtS¿˛
ZimKta hmY If{X]ky
bZm hne·m[n]Xnx {]bmXn
If{X`w X{X If{Xem`x.
If{Xkwÿky ˛ Ggmw`mhØn¬\nev°p∂{KlØn s‚tbm,
If{XZrjvtSx ˛ Ggntebv°p t\m°p∂ {KlØns‚tbm,
If{X]ky ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]s‚tbm,
imKta ˛ Zibn¬ --
bZm hne·m[n]Xnx {]bmXn If{X`w ˛ e·m[n]Xn Ft∏mƒ --If{Xÿm\Øp
hcp∂pthm.
X{X If{Xem`x ˛ At∏mƒ `mcymem`w D- mIpw.
Ggmw`mhØn¬\n¬°p∂ {Klw/Ggntebv°pt\m°p∂{Klw/ Ggmw`mhm[n]≥
ChcpsS ZiIfn¬ e·m[n]Xn (tKmNchim¬) --Ggn¬ hcptºmƒ. hnhmlw \S°pw.
(14)
If{X\mYÿnX`mwitIitbmx
knX£]m\mbItbm¿_eobkx
ZimKta Zyq\]bp‡`mwiI˛
{XntImWtK tZhKpcu Ic{Klx.
If{X\mY .... ZimKta
˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS \mY≥, AwiI\mY≥, ip{I≥, N{μ≥
Chcn¬ _ew IqSpXep≈ {KlØns‚ Zibn¬,
189
Zyq\]bp‡ ....tZhKpcu
˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂ cminbpsStbm AwiIØns‚tbm {XntImWØn¬,
hymgw hcp∂ kabØ,v
Ic{Klx. ˛ ]mWn{KlWw ˛ hnhmlw \S°pw.
Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS \mY≥ /Ggmw`mhm[n]XnbpsS \hmwi
\mY≥ / ip{I≥ / N{μ≥ Chcn¬ _ewIqSpXep≈ {KlØns‚ Zibn¬, Ggmw`mhm
[n]Xn\n¬°p∂ cminbpsS{XntImWØn¬hymgw(Nchim¬)hcptºmƒ hnhmlw
\S°pw.
(15)
If{X\mtY cn]p\oNkwtÿ
aqtV f Yhm ]m]\nco£ntX hm
If{Xt` ]m]bptXfY ZrjvtS
If{Xlm\nw {]hZ¥n k¥x.
If{X\mtY ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn,
cn]p\oNkwtÿ ˛ i{Xpcminbntem \oNcminbntem
\n¬°pItbm,
aqtV AYhm ˛ auVysØ {]m]n°pItbm,
]m]\nco£ntX hm ˛ ]m]{Klßfm¬ -- t\m°s∏SpItbm
sNbvXmepw,
If{Xt` ]m]bptXY ZrjvtS ˛ If{X`mhØn¬ --]m]nIƒ \n¬°pItbm
t\m°pItbm sNbvXmepw,
If{Xlm\nw {]hZ¥n k¥x. ˛ mcym\miw ]dbp∂p.
1. Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn i{Xpcminbntem Xs‚ \oNcminbntem \n¬°pI;
2. Ggmw `mhm[n]\p auVyw;
3. Ggmw `mhm[n]\p ]m]ZrjvSn;
4. Ggn¬ --]m]nIƒ \n¬°pItbm, Ggntebv°p t\m°pItbm sNøpI
˛˛CsX√mw If{Xlm\n (`mcymacWw) kqNn∏n°p∂p.
190
A≤ymbw 11
kv{XoPmXIw (1)
bZyXv ]pw{]kth £aw XZJnew
kvXoWmw {]ntb hm htZ˛
∑mwKeyw \n[\mXv kpXmw› \ham˛
√·mØt\m›mcpXmw
`¿Ømcw kp`KXzakvX`h\mXv
kwKw kXoXzw kpJmXv
k¥kvtXjp ip`{]ZmkvXzip`Zmx
{IqcmkvXZoiw hn\m.
1. bZyXv ]pw{]kth £aw XZJnew ˛ ]pcpjP∑Øn\p ]d™ \nbaßfpw
tbmKßfpw ^eßfpsa√mw
kvXoWmw {]ntb hm htZXv ˛ kv{XoP∑Øn\pw ]dbWw.
kv{Xo°p _m[Ia√mØ Imcy߃ kv{XoPmXIØneps- ¶n¬ AXp `¿Ømhn
s\s°m- p ]dbWw. Ahbv°p ]pdta, hntijn®v ˛˛
2. amwKeyw \n[\mXv ˛ kv{XoPmXIØn¬ F´mw`mhwsIm- v
amwKeyhpw (`¿Ømhns‚ Bbp pw)
3. kpXmw› \hamXv ˛ HºXmw`mhwsIm- v ]p{XKpWhpw
4. e·mØt\m›mcpXmw ˛ e·wsIm- v cq]kuIpamcyhpw (kuμcyhpw)
5. `¿Ømcw kp`KXzakvX`h\mXv ˛ Ggmw`mhwsIm- v ZmºXyKpWm\p`hw,
kp`KXzw Chbpw
6. kwKw kXoXzw kpJmXv ˛ \memw`mhwsIm- v ]mXn{hXyhpw
(Nn¥n°Ww).
7. k¥x tXjp ip`{]Zmx Xp ip`Zmx˛ Cu `mhßfn¬ ip`∑m¿ \n∂m¬ ip`^ehpw
{Iqcmx XXv Cuiw hn\m ˛ `mhm[n]\√mØ ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬
Aip`^ehpw D- mIpw. (`mhm[n]≥
]m]\msW¶nepw Xs‚ `mhØn\p tZmjw
sNøn√.)
191
(2)
DZblnaIcu Zzu bp‹Ku kuayZrjvSu
kpX\b]Xn`qjmkºZqXvIrjvSioem
Aip`klnXZrjvSu tNmPKu ]pwkz`mhm
IpSneaXnchiym `¿Xrcq{Km Zcn{Zm.
1. DZblnaIcu Zzu bp‹Ku kuayZrjvSu
˛ e·hpw N{μ\pw c- pw bp‹cminIfn¬ --ip`ZrjvSntbmsS \n∂m¬--˛
kpX\b ]Xn `qjm kºXv DXvIrjvSioem
˛ \√ a°ƒ, `¿Ømhv, B`cW߃, [\w, \√ kz`mhw Ch D≈hfmIpw
2. Aip`klnXZrjvSu N HmPKu
˛ Aip`ÿnXn, Aip`ZrjvSn F∂nhItfmsS e·hpw N{μ\pw HmPcminbn¬
\n∂m¬
]pwkz`mhm IpSneaXn Ahiym`¿Ør D{Km Zcn{Zm
˛ ]pcpjkz`mhw, h{I_p≤n, `¿Ømhns‚ hcpXn°p \n¬°mØhƒ,
D{Kkz`mhn, Zcn{Z Ch ^ew.
(3)
k{ZmiywibptX atZ ZypXnbtim˛
hnZym¿∞hm≥ XXv]Xn¿˛
hyXykvtX IpX\p¿PU› (1) InXthm
\ntkzm hntbmKkvXtbmx
Bt·ssb¿aZ\ÿnssX› hn[hm
anss{ix ]p\¿`q¿`thXv
{Iqtcjzmbpjn `¿Ørl{¥y]n [t\
k¥x kzbw kv{XoarXnx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : Pf›
1. kXvcmin Awi bptX atZ
-˛ (kv{XoPmXIØn¬) Ggmw`mhw ip`cminbmbpw ip`mwiIambpw
ip`{KlØmSpIqSnbpw Ccp∂m¬,
ZypXn bix hnZy A¿∞hm≥ XXv]Xnx
˛ AhfpsS `¿Ømhv Im¥n, bi v, hnZy, [\w F∂nhbp≈h\mbncn°pw
2. hyXykvtX
˛ (CXn¬\n∂pw) hyXykvXambn (Ggn¬ Cu aq∂pw Aip`ambn) Ccp∂m¬
IpX\p PUxN InXthm \ntkzm
˛ (`¿Ømhv) hncq]\pw aqV \pw NXnb\pw Zcn{Z\pw Bbncn°pw
. hntbmKkvXtbmx
˛ Ah¿ XΩn¬ hntbmKØn\pw km≤yXbp- v.
3. Bt·ssb¿aZ\ÿnssX› hn[hm
˛ Ggn¬ ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬ -- ssh[hyw. Bt·b{Kl߃: kqcy≥, IpP≥,
tIXp. ]m]∑m¿ F∂pw Hcp ]£w. (tPym.\n)
anss{ix ]p\¿`p¿`thXv
˛ an{iambncp∂m¬ (ip`cpw ]m]cpwIqSn \n∂m¬) ]p\¿hnhmlw.
192
4. {IqtcjpBbpjn`¿Ørl{¥y]n
˛ F´n¬ ]m]≥ \n∂m¬ `¿Ømhp acn°pw.
5. [t\ k¥x kzbw kv{XoarXnx.
˛ c- n¬ ip`≥ \n∂m¬ `mcy BZyw acn°pw.
(4)
kpXtÿ f fnkv{XotKmlcnjp lnaKu Nm¬∏X\bm
bamcm(]vXy)wi¿t£ aZ\kZt\ km f ab`Km
kptJ ]mss]¿bpt‡ `hXn IpeSm aμIpPtbm¿˛
Krtl f wti et·μp `rKpc]n N ]pw›ey`nlnXm.
1.. kpXtÿ Afn kv{Xo tKm lcnjp lnaK N A¬∏X\bm
˛ A©mw`mhw hr›nIw, I∂n, CShw, Nnßw CXnsem∂mbn AXn¬ N{μ≥
\n∂m¬ a°ƒ Ipdhmbncn°pw.
2. ba Bc B]vXn Awi¿t£ aZ\kZt\ Bab `Km -
˛ i\n, IP≥ Ch¿ Ggn¬ \n¬°pItbm Awin°pItbm sNbvXm¬ kvXo
KplytcmKap≈hfmIpw
3. kptJ ]mss]x bpt‡ `hXn IpeSm
˛ \men¬ ]m]{Kl߃ \n∂m¬ IpeS/]mXn{hXyw C√mØhƒ
4.. et·μp `rKpx A]n N ]pw›en A`nlnXm
˛ e·hpw N{μ\pw ip{I\pw \n¬°p∂ cmintbm \hmwitam i\nbptStbm
sNmΔbptStbm cmin Bbm¬ hy`nNmcnWn BIpw
(5)
ip`t£{Xmwti f kvtX(tY) kp`KPL\m awKfhXo
hnt[mx k’w_t‘mf]ypZbkpJtbmx km[zo AXnKpWm
{XntImtW kuaymt›Xv kpJkpXkºXv KpWhXo
_tem\mx {Iqcmt›ZyZn `hXn h‘ym arXkpXm.
1. ip`t£{Xmwti tX kp`KPL\m awKfhXo
˛ (kv{XoPmXIØnse Ggmw`mhw) ip`{KlØns‚ cmintbm \hmwitam
BsW¶n¬ kpμcamb Acs°t´mSp IqSnbhfpw awKeyhXnbpw BIpw.
2. hnt[mx ˛ N{μ\v
A]n DZb kpJtbmx ˛ As√¶n¬ e·Ønt\m \memw`mhØnt\m
k’w_‘ ˛ ip`{Kl_‘w (Ds- ¶n¬)
km≤zn AXnKpWm - ˛ km≤znbpw KpWhXnbpw Bbncn°pw.
3. {XntImtW kuaymt›Xv ˛ {XntImW`mhßfn¬ ip`{Klßfp- m
bm¬
kkpJ kpX kºXv KpWhXo ˛ kpJhpw k¥m\hpw kºØpw \√
KpWßfpw D- mIpw.
_tem\mx {Iqcm tNXv bZn ˛ {XntImWßfn¬ Zp¿∫ecmb ]m]∑m¿
\n∂m¬
193
`hXn h‘ym arXkpXm. ˛ {]khn°mØhtfm a°ƒ acn°p∂htfm
BIpw.
(6)
Nt{μ `uaKrtl IpPmZnIYnX˛
XnwimwitIjp {IamZv
ZpjvSm ZmkykXo kpioe hn`hm
ambmhn\o ZqjWo
ip{I¿t£ _lpZqjWm\y]XnKm
]qPym kp[o¿ hn{ipXm
⁄¿t£ OmQhXo \]pwkIkam
km≤zo KpWmtVym’pIm.
(7)
kz—μm `¿XrLmXn\rXnalnXKpWm
inev]n\o km[phrØm
Nt{μm ssPth KpWmVym hncXncXnKpW˛
⁄m in¬∏mXnkm≤zo
atμ Zmky\yk‡m {inX]XnckXo
\njv{]Pm¿∞m¿°t` kymZv˛
Zp¿`mjm lo\hrØ [cWn]Xnh[qx
]pwhntNjvSm\yk‡m.
(8)
iine·kambpss‡x ^ew {XnwimwissIcnZw
_em_ehnI¬t∏\ Xtbmtchw hnNn¥tbXv.
N{μ≥ kv{XoPmXIØn¬ --A©p Xmcm{KlßfptSbpw cminIfpsS {Xnwimwiß
fn¬ --\n∂mep≈ ^eßfmWv C\n ]dbp∂Xv. ({Xnwimwi\mY{Iaw : IpP≥, aμ≥,
Kpcp, _p[≥, ip{I≥)
1. Nt{μ `uaKrtl
˛ N{μ≥ IpPs‚ cminIfn¬ (taSw, hr›nIw)
IpPmZn IYnX {XnwimwitIjp {IamZv
˛ IpP≥ XpSßnbhcpsS {XnwimwiIßfn¬ \n∂m¬ (^ew) {IaØn¬ : --˛˛
ZpjvSm Zmkn AkXo kpioe hn`hm ambmhn\o ZqjWo---
{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ - ˛ ZpjvSm ˛ ZpjvS,
i\n ˛ Zmkn AkXo ˛ Zmkn, ]Xn{hXb√mØhƒ
Kpcp ˛ kpioe hn`hm ˛ kpioe, [\nI
_p[≥ ˛ ambmhn\o ˛ ambmhn\o (ab°p∂hƒ)
ip{I≥ ˛ ZqjWo--- ˛ ZqjWn (Zpxkz`mhn)
2. ipt{I _lpZqjWm\y]XnKm ]qPym kp[o¿ hn{ipXm
˛ N{μ≥ ip{Is‚ cminIfn¬ (CShw, Xpemw) Xmcm{KlßfpsS {Xnwimwiß
fn¬, -- \n∂mep≈ ^ew
194
{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew
IpP≥ ˛ _lpZqjWm ˛ henb Zpkz`mhn
i\n ˛ A\y]XnKm ˛ ]c]pcpj_‘ap≈hƒ
Kpcp ˛ ]qPym ˛ BZcn°ss∏tS- hƒ
_p[≥ ˛ kp[o ˛ _p≤nimen
ip{I≥ ˛ hn{ipX ˛ {]kn≤
3. ⁄¿t£ OZvahXo \r]pwkIkam km≤zo KpWmtVym’pIm
˛ N{μ≥ _p[s‚ cminIfn¬ (anYp\w, I∂n) Xmcm{KlßfpsS
{Xnwimwißfn¬, -- \n∂mep≈ ^ew.
{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ OZvahXo ˛ I]Sthj°mcn
i\n ˛ \]pwkIkam ˛ BWpws]ÆpwsI´hƒ
Kpcp ˛ km[zo ˛ ]Xn{hX
_p[≥ ˛ KpWmVy ˛ KpWkº∂
ip{I≥ ˛ D’pIm ˛ D’mln
4. kz—μm `¿XrLmXn\rXnalnXKpWm inev]n\o km[phrØm
˛ kzt£{XØn¬ (I¿°SØn¬) \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ IpPmZnIfmb
{KlßfpsS {Xnwimwißfn¬ \n∂m¬˛˛
{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ kz—μm ˛ X∂njvS°mcn
i\n ˛ `¿XrLmXo ˛ `¿ØrLmXIn
Kpcp ˛ alnXKpWm ˛ KpWkº∂
_p[≥ ˛ in¬∏n\o ˛ sImØp]Wn sNøp∂hƒ
ip{I≥ ˛ km[phrØm ˛ kZvkz`mhn
5. Nt{μm ssPth KpWmVym hncXncXnKpWm ⁄mXin¬∏mXnkm≤zo
˛ hymgt£{XØn¬ ([\p, ao\w) \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ IpPmZnIfmb {KlßfpsS
{Xnwimwißfn¬ \n∂m¬˛˛
{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ KpWmVym ˛ KpWhXn
i\n ˛ hncXn ˛ (cXnbn¬ Xm¬∏cyan√mØhƒ)
Kpcp ˛ AXnKpWhXn ˛ kZvKpWkº ∂
_p[≥ ˛ ⁄mXin¬∏m ˛ (in¬∏the Adnbmhp∂hƒ)
ip{I≥ ˛ AXnkm≤zo * ˛ ]Xn{hX
* ]mTt`Zw:
Akm≤zo ˛ ]mXn{hXyan√mØhƒ ˛ sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏v.
(CXp icnb√. N{μ\pw hymghpw ip{I\pw ip`∑mcmWt√m.)
6. atμ Zmky\yk‡m {inX]XnckXo\njv{]Pm¿∞
˛ i\nt£{XØn¬ (aIcw,Ipw`w) \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥
IpPmZnIfmb {KlßfpsS {Xnwimwißfn¬ \n∂m¬˛˛
195
{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ Zmkn
i\n ˛ A\ymk‡m ˛ ]c]pcpjmk‡nbp≈hƒ
Kpcp ˛ {inX]Xn ˛ `¿Ømhns\ B{ibn°p∂hƒ
_p[≥ ˛ AkXn ˛ ]Xn{hXb√mØhƒ
ip{I≥ ˛ \njv{]Pm¿∞ ˛ a°fpw [\hpw C√mØhƒ
7. Zp¿`mjm lo\hrØm [cWn]Xnh[qx ]pwhntNjvSm A\yk‡m
˛ kqcyt£{XØn¬ ( NnßØn¬) \n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ IpPmZnIfmb
{KlßfpsS {Xnwimwißfn¬\n∂m¬˛
{XnwimwiI\mY≥ ^ew IpP≥ ˛ Zp¿`mjm ˛ NoØ hm°pIƒ ]dbp∂hƒ
i\n ˛ lo\hrØ ˛ lo\{]h¿ØnIƒ sNøp∂hƒ
Kpcp ˛ [cWn]Xnh[qx ˛ cm⁄n
_p[≥ ˛ ]pwhntNjvSm ˛ ]pcpjs\t∏mse s]cpamdp∂hƒ
ip{I≥ ˛ A\yk‡m ˛ ]c]pcpjmk‡n bp≈hƒ
8. iine·kambpss‡x ^ew {XnwimwissIcnZw
˛ e·Øns‚ {XnwimwiI^ew N{μt‚Xpt]seØs∂bmWv.
e·w, N{μ≥ Chbn¬ --_ew IqSnbXns\s°m- p ^ew ]dbWw.
(9)
tPyjvT{`mXcaw_nIm© ]nXcw
`¿Xpx I\njvTw {IamXv
tPyjvTmlymkpciq¿∏Pm› h\nXm
Lv\¥oXn X⁄m hnZpx
Nn{Xm¿{Zm`pPKkzcmSvOX`njMv
aqem·nXntjym¤hm
h‘ym hm hn[hm f Yhm arXkpXm
Xy‡m {]ntbWmYhm.
1. tPyjvT{`mXmaw_nIm© .... XZv⁄m hnZpx
˛ Xrt°´, Bbneyw, aqew, hnimJw Cu \mep \mfpIfn¬ kv{Xo
P\n®m¬ `¿Xr_‘p°ƒ°p tZmjamWv / amcIamWv.
\£{Xw _m[n°s∏Sp∂ _‘p tPyjvTm ˛tI´. > tPyjvT{`mXcw ˛ `¿Ømhns‚ tPyjvT≥
Aln ˛ Bbneyw. > Aw_nI ˛ `¿Ømhns‚ amXmhv
Akpc ˛ aqew > ]nXcw ˛ `¿Ømhns‚ ]nXmhv
iq¿∏w ˛ hnimJw > `¿ØpI\njvTw ˛ `¿Ømhns‚ A\pP≥.
2. Nn{Xm¿{Zm`pPK .... Xy‡m {]ntbWmYhm.
Nn{X ˛ NnØnc,
B¿Zm ˛ XncphmXnc,
`pPK ˛ Bbneyw
196
Xrt°´
iX`nj ˛ NXbw,
aqew, ˛ aqew
A·n ˛ Im¿ØnI,
Xnjyw ˛ ]qbw ˛˛ Cu \mfpIfn¬ P\n® kv{XoIƒ
h‘ym ˛ {]khn°mØhƒ,
hn[hm ˛ `¿Ømhp acn®hƒ
arXkpXm ˛ a°ƒ acn®hƒ,
Xy‡m {]ntbW ˛ `¿Ømhv Dt]£n®hƒ
(Ch¿°p `¿ØrkpJhpw ]p{XkpJhpw Ipdhmbncn°pw F∂p kmcw.)
(10)
N{μmkvtXmZb`mKy]mx kl ipss`x
kpÿm\Km `mkzcmx
]qPym _‘pjp ]pWyI¿aIpiem
kuμcy`mKym\znXm
`¿Xpx {]oXnIco kp]p{XklnXm
IeymWioem kXo
XmhZv`mXn kpawKeo N kpX\p¿-˛
bmh—p`mtVy f jvSta.
1. N{μmkvtXmZb`mKy] l ipss` ˛ N{μ≥, Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn, e·m[n]≥,
`mKym[n]≥ Ch¿ ip`kw_‘tØmsS
kpÿm\Km `mkzcmx ˛ ip`ÿm\ßfn¬ auVyan√msX \n∂m¬
]qPym _‘pjp ˛ _‘p°fm¬ ]qPn°s∏Sp∂hƒ,
]pWyI¿ΩIpiem ˛ ]pWyI¿Ωßfn¬ ka¿∞bmbhƒ
kuμcy`mKym\znXm ˛ kuμcyhpw `mKyhpw D≈hƒ
`¿Øp {]oXnIcm ˛ `¿Ømhn\p {]oXn D- m°p∂hfpw
kp]p{XklnXm ˛ \√ a°tfmSpIqSnbhfpw
IeymWioem kXo ˛ \√ kz`mhap≈hfpw ]Xn{hXbpw
Bbncn°pw.
2. XmhZv`mXn kpawKeo N kpX\p¿bmhmOvip`mtVyjvSta.
˛ F´mw`mhw CXpt]mse ip`Icambncp∂m¬ kpawKenbpw kpX\phpw
(kpμcnbpw) Bbncn°pw.
(11)
ioXtPymXnjn tbmjntXm f \p]Nb˛
ÿmt\ IptPt\£ntX
PmXwK¿`^e{]Zw Jep cP˛
kym\yYm \njv^ew
ZrjvtS f kvan≥ KpcpWm \ntPm]NbtK
Ipcym∂ntjIx ]pam˛
\XymtPy katb ip`m[nIbptX
]q¿hmZnImtemPvQntX.
197
ioXtPymXnjn tbmjntXm\p]Nbÿmt\ ˛ N{μ≥ kv{XobpsS e·Øns‚ A\p]Nb
ÿm\ßfn¬ (2˛4˛5˛7˛8˛9˛12˛1) GXnse¶nepw
\n¬°pIbpw
IptPt\£ntX ˛ IpP≥ t\m°pIbpw sNøptºmƒ
PmXw K¿`^e{]Zw ˛ D- mIp∂ K¿`w ^e{]ZamIpw.
Jep cPky\yYm \njv^ew ˛ A√mØt∏mƒ D- mIp∂ cP v \njv^e
ambnt∏mIpw. (K¿`ap- mhn√.)
ZrjvtS f kvan≥ KpcpWm \ntPm]NbtK Ipcym∂ntjIx ...
˛ ]pcpj≥ K¿`m[m\w sNøp∂Xp kv{XobpsS e·Øns‚ D]Nb
ÿm\ßfn¬ (3˛6˛10˛11 ) \n¬°p∂ N{μs\ hymgw t\m°p∂
kabØmbncn°Ww.
AXymtPy katb ip`m[nIbptX ]q¿hmZnImtemPvQntX.
˛ CXp XymPyZnhkamhcpXv, KpWm[nIyap≈XmhWw, Cu hnjbØnse a‰p
\nba߃°v A\pkrXhpamhWw.
198
A≤ymbw 12
]p{XNn¥
(1)
kpÿm hne·iint\mx kpXt`iPohmx
kpÿm\\mY ip`ZrjvSnbptX kpX¿t£
e·mfl]u bZn bpXu N anYx kpZrjvSu
t£t{X ]ckv]cKXu bZn ]p{Xkn≤nx.
1 hne· iint\mx ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw,
kpXt`i Pohmx -˛ A©mw `mhm[n]Xnbpw hymghpw,
kpÿm ˛ kpÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂mepw,
2 kpÿm\\mY ip`ZrjvSn bptX ˛ kpÿm\\mY∑mcpsStbm
ip`cpsStbm ZrjvSntbm tbmKtam
kpX¿t£ - ˛ A©mw`mhØn\p- mbmepw
3 e·mfl]u bZn bpXu ˛ e·m[n]\pw A©mw`mhm[n]\pw
Hcpan®p \n∂mepw
. anYx kpZrjvSu ˛ ]ckv]cw t\m°nbmepw
t£t{X ]ckv]cKXu bZn ˛ ]ckv]cw cminamdn∂mepw ˛
]p{Xkn≤nx5. ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw
kpXt`i≥ ˛ A©mw `mhm[n]Xn : ]p{X`mhØns‚ \mY≥
Poh≥ ˛ hymgw ˛ ]p{XImcI≥
kpÿm\߃: Zpÿm\߃ (6˛8˛12) Hgn®p≈h.
ip`∑m¿: Kp, ip (N, _p hyhÿItfmsS)
anY : ]ckv]cw
(2)
e·matcUyiin\mw kpXt`jp ]mss]¿˛
bpt‡£ntXjzY ipss`cbptX£ntXjp
]mt]m`tbjp kpXt`jp kptXiztcjp
Zpxÿm\tKjp \ `h¥n kpXmx IY©nXv.
1 e·matcUyiin\mw - ˛ e·w, Kpcp, N{μ≥ ChcpsS
199
kpXt`jp ˛ A©mw`mhØn¬
]mss]xbpt‡ ˛ ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm
Cu£ntXjp ˛ t\m°pItbm sNbvXmepw
2 ipss` AbptX£ntXjp ˛ Cu ÿm\ßfn¬ ip`∑m¿ \n¬°pItbm
t\m°pItbm sNømXncp∂mepw
3 ]m] D`tbjp kpXt`jp ˛ ChbpsS CcphiØqw ]m]{Kl߃
\n∂mepw
4 kptXiztcjp Zpÿm\tKjp ˛ ]p{Xÿm\m[n]≥ Zpÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂mepw
\ `h¥n kpXmx IY©nXv ˛ Hcp XcØnepw ]p{X∑mcp- mIn√.
(3)
]mt] kz¿£KtX kptX X\b`mIv
Xkvan∂]mt] ]p\x
]p{Xmx kyp¿_lpemx ipt`m kz`ht\
tkmt{K kptX ]p{Xlm
kw⁄m©mev]kpX¿£anXyfnhrj˛
kv{Xoknwlm`m\mw hnZp˛
kvX{ZmiukpX`mKtKev]kpXhm≥ Imem˛
¥tc kn≤yXn.
1 ]mt] kptX ˛ ]p{Xÿm\Øp \n¬°p∂Xp
]m]\msW¶nepw
kz¿£KtX ˛ AXv B {KlØns‚ kzt£{XamsW¶n¬ --
X\b`mIv ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.
2 Xkvan≥ A]mt] ]p\x ˛ ]m]\p ]Icw A]m]\mWv Cßns\
\n¬°p∂sX¶n¬ thsd ]dtb- Xpt- m ?
3 ipt`m kz`ht\ - ˛ ip`∑m¿ kz£{XØn¬ --(A©n¬) \n∂m¬
]p{Xmx kypx _lpemx ˛ At\Iw ]p{Xcp- mIpw.
4 tkmt{K kptX ]p{Xlm ˛ A©nse ]m]≥ ]p{Xs\ l\n°pw.
5 kw⁄mw A¬--]kpX¿£anXn ˛ A¬∏kpXt£{Xßfmb
Afn hrj kv{Xo knwlm`m\mw ˛ hr›nIw, CShw, I∂n, Nnßw
XXv cmiu kpX`mKtK ˛ Cu cminIƒ A©mw`mhambn h∂m¬
A¬]kpXhm≥ ˛ a°ƒ Ipdhmbncn°pw.
Imem¥tc kn≤yXn. ˛ D- mIp∂Xn\v kabsaSpØpsh∂pw hcmw
.
(4)
kqtcy Nm¬∏kpX¿£tK \n[\tK atμ IptP e·tK
e·mjvShybssKx i\oUycp[nssc›m¬∏mflP¿t£ kptX
Nt{μ em`KtX KpcpÿnXkpXÿmt\ k]mt] `thXv
et· f t\IJKm\zntX X\b`mIv Imem¥tc bXv\Xx.
1 kqtcy A¬∏kpX¿£tK ˛ kqcy≥ A¬∏kpXcminIfn¬ \n∂mepw
2 \n[\tK atμ -˛ F´n¬ --i\n \n∂mepw,
3 IptP e·tK ˛ e·Øn¬ IpP≥ \n∂mepw
4 e· AjvS hybssKx ˛ e·w, F´v, ]{¥- v `mhßfnembn
200
i\n CuUy cp[nssc ˛ i\n, Kpcp, IpP≥ F∂nh¿ \n∂mepw
5 A¬∏mflP¿t£ kptX ˛ A¬∏]p{Xÿm\߃kpX`mhambn h∂mepw
6 Nt{μ em`KtX ˛ N{μ≥ ]Xns\m∂mw `mhØn¬ --\n∂mepw
7 KpcpÿnX kpXÿmt\ k]mt] `thXv ˛ Kpcp \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS A©n¬ --
]m]n \n∂mepw
8 et· At\I JKm\zntX ˛ e·Øn¬ At\Iw {Kl߃ --\n∂mepw
X\b`mIv Imem¥tc bXv\Xx. Imem¥cØn¬, bXv\wsIm- v
(]cnlmcI¿Ω߃sIm- v) a°fp- mIpw.
(5)
kqtcy \m\ybptX kpX¿£klntX N{μky tKtl ÿntX
`uta hm `rKptP f ]n hm kXn kpX{]m]vXnw ZznXobkv{Xnbmw
atμ hm _lp]p{Xhmw—in\n hm kutaym]n hm¬∏mfltPm
tZthtUy _lpZmcnIm iinKrtl XZzXv kpXm[njvTntX.
1 kqtcy \ A\ybptX kpX¿£ klntX N{μky tKtl ÿntX
˛I¿°Sw A©mw`mhambn kqcy≥ AXn¬ H‰bv°p \n¬--°pI, As√¶n¬
`uta hm `rKptPm]n hm kXn
˛ IpPt\m ip{It\m Aßns\ \n¬--°pI,
kpX{]m]vXnw ZznXobkv{Xnbmw
˛ F∂m¬ c- mw`mcybn¬ -- a°fp- mIpw.,
2 atμ hm _lp]p{Xhmw
˛ i\n Cßs\ H‰bv°p \n∂m¬ hfsc ]p{Xcp- mIpw.
3 iin\n hm kutaym]n hm A¸mfltPm
˛ N{μt\m _p[t\m CXpt]mse H‰bv°p \n∂m¬ a°ƒ Ipdbpw,
4 tZthtVy _lpZmcnIm iinKrtl XZzXv kpXm[njvTntX.
˛ N{μt£{Xamb A©mw`mhØn¬ --Kpcp \n∂m¬ hfsc ]p{Xnam¿ D- mIpw.
(ZmcnI ˛ ]p{Xn)
(6)
kpJmkvXZiaÿnssXcip`ImhyioXmwip`n¿˛
hybmjvSX\tbmZtbjzip`tKjp hwi£bx
atZ IhnhnZu aXu Kpcpck¤ncw_pÿnssXx
kptX iin\n ss\[\hybX\pÿ]mss]c]n.
1 kpJ AkvX Zia ÿnssXx Aip` Imhy ioXmwip`nx
˛ \men¬ ]m]≥, Ggn¬ ip{I≥, ]Øn¬N{μ≥
hyb AjvS X\b DZtbjjp Aip`tKjp
˛ 12, 8, 5, e·w ChIfn¬ ]m]∑m¿
hwi£bx
˛ Cu ÿnXn hwi\miw kqNn∏n°p∂p..
2 atZ Ihn hnZu ˛ Ggn¬ ip{I\pw _p[\pw
Kpcp Ak¤n Aw_pÿnssX ˛ \men¬ -- hymgw ]m]tcmSpIqsS
kptX iin\n ˛ A©n¬ N{μ≥
ss\[\ hyb X\pÿ ]mss]x ˛ 7, 12, 1 `mhßfn¬ --]m]nIƒ
˛˛CsX√mw hwi\miw kqNn∏n°p∂p.
201
(7)
]mt] et· e·t] ]p{Xkwtÿ
[oti hotcy thiva\oμmh]p{Xx
HmP¿t£ f wti ]p{XtK kqcyZrjvtS
Nt{μ ]p{Xt¢i`mIv kymZkq\px.
1. ]mt] et· - ˛ ]m]≥ e·Øn¬ --
e·t] ]p{Xkwtÿ ˛ A©n¬ e·m[n]Xn
[oti hotcy ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn aq∂n¬
thiva\oμm ˛ \men¬ N{μ≥
A]p{Xx ˛ CsX√mw A]p{XtbmKßfmWv.
2 HmP¿t£ Awti ]p{XtK Nt{μ ˛ ]p{Xÿm\wHmPcmiywiambncn°pIbpw
AXn¬ N{μ≥ \n¬°pIbpw
kqcyZrjvtS ˛ kqcy≥ t\m°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ --
]p{Xt¢i`mIv kymXv ˛ ]p{Xt¢iw As√¶n¬
Akq\px ˛ A]p{XXzw ^ew.
(8)
amμw kpX¿£w bZn hm f Y_u[w
amμy¿I]p{Xm\znXho£nXw tNXv
ZØflPx kymZpZbmkvX\mY˛
w_‘lot\m hn_ex kptXix.
1 amμw kpX¿£w ˛ A©mw`mhw i\nbpsS cminbmhpI,
bZn hm AY _u[w ˛ As√¶n¬ _p[s‚ cminbmhpI
amμnA¿°]p{Xm\znX ˛ (AXn\p) KpfnI≥, i\n ChcpsS tbmKtam
ho£nXw tNXv ˛ ZrjvSntbmtbm D- mhpI;
2 hn_ex kptXix ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]\v _ean√mXncn°pI;
DZbmkvX\mY ˛ (AXn\p)e·m[n]\pw Ggmw`mhm[n]\pambn
kw_‘lot\m ˛ kw_‘an√mXncn°pI
ZØflP kymXv ˛ CXp c- pw ZØp]p{XtbmKamWv.
(9)
\oNmcnaqtVm]KtX kptXti
cnx^mcn c{‘m[n]kwbptX hm
kpXky\mix IYntXm f {X Xss⁄x
ipss`cZrjvtS kpXt` kptXti.
1 kptXti - -˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn
\oN Acn aqV D]KtX ˛ \oNØntem i{Xpt£{XØntem auVy
tØmSpIqSntbm \n¬°pI
hm ˛ As√¶n¬
cnx^ Acn c{‘ A[n]kwbptX 12, 6, 8 A[n]cpsS IqsS \n¬°pI;
202
2 kpXt` ˛ A©mw`mhØn\pw
kptXti ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn°pw
ipss`x AZrjvtS ˛ ip`ZrjvSn C√mXncn°pI.
kpXky\mix ˛ Cu ÿnXnIƒ ]p{X\misØ kqNn∏n
°p∂psh∂p
IYntXm A {X Xss⁄x ˛ Adnhp≈h¿ ]dbp∂p.
(10)
kpX\mYPohIpP`mkvItcjp ssh
]pcpjmwitIjp N KtXjp Ip{XNnXv
ap\tbm hZ¥n _lp]p{XXmw XZm
kpX\mYhocyhiXx kp]p{XXmw.
1 kpX\mY Poh IpP `mkvItcjp ssh˛A©mw`mhm[n]≥, Kpcp, IpP≥, chn Ch¿ ]pcpjmwitIjp N KtXjp Ip{XNnXv-˛ \n¬°p∂ \hmwiw ]pcpjcminbmbm¬
ap\tbm hZ¥n _lp]p{XXmw XZm˛ hfsc ]p{Xcp- mIpsa∂p ap\nam¿
]dbp∂p.
2 kpX\mYhocyhiXx ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ _ea\pkcn®p
kp]p{XXmw. ˛ ]p{Xs‚ kz`mhKpWhpw ]dbmw.
(11)
]pwcmiywti [oiztc ]pw{Ktlss{μ¿˛
bpt‡ ZrjvtS ]pw{Ktl ]pw{]kqXnx
kv{Xocmiywti kv{Xo{Ksslxcyp‡ZrjvtS
kv{XoWmw P∑ kymXv kpX¿t£ kptXti.
1 [oiztc ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn
]pwcmiywti ˛ ]pcpjcminbn¬ / \hmwiØn¬
\n¬°pI; AXn\p
]pw{Ktlss{μx bpt‡ ˛ ]pcpj{KlßfpsS tbmKtam
]pw{Ktl ZrjvtS ˛ ZrjvSntbm D- mhpI (F¶n¬)
]pw{]kqXnx ˛ B¨Ip´nbmIpw.
2 kv{Xocmiywti ˛ (A©mw`mhm[n]Xn) kv{Xocminbntem
kv{Xo\hmwiØntem \n¬°pI; AXn\p
kv{Xo{Ksslx bp‡ZrjvtS ˛ kv{Xo{KlßfpsS tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm
D- mhpI, F¶n¬
kv{XoWmw P∑ kymXv ˛ s]¨Ip´nbmIpw.
kpX¿t£ kptXti. ˛ A©mw`mhwsIm- pw A©mw`mhm[n
]Xnsbs°m- pw (Cßs\ Nn¥n°Ww.)
(12)
_ebp‡u kzKlmwti˛
jz¿°knXmh]Nb¿£Ku ]pwkmw
kv{XoWmw hm IpPN{μu
bZm XZm kw`hXn K¿`x.
203
1 A¿° knXm ˛ chnip{I∑m¿
_ebp‡u ˛ _ehm∑mcmbn
kzKrlmwtijp ˛ kzt£{X\hmwißfn¬
D]Nb¿£Ku ˛ D]Nbÿm\ßfn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ
]pwkmw ˛ ]pcpj\pw
(AXmbXv, ]pcpj≥ _‘s∏Sp∂ kv{Xo°pw)
2 IpPN{μu ˛ IpP\pw N{μ\pw
(CXpt]mse \n¬°ptºmƒ)
kv{XoWmw ˛ kv{XoIƒ°pw
kw`hXn K¿`x ˛ K¿`w D- mIpw.
(13)
Ai{Xp\oNmcn\hmwissI ptX
kptXibpss‡c]n ssXkvXYmhnss[x
kpX¿£ssK¿hm Kpcp`mZn\mwiImXv
kptX ^ssex ]p{XanXn¿hnNn¥ytX.
1 kptX ˛ A©n¬ \n¬°p∂Xpw
Ai{Xp\oNAcn \hmwissIx ˛ i{Xpt£{XÿnXntbm \oNmhÿtbm
i{Xp\hmwiIÿnXntbm C√mØXpamb
{KlßfpsS FÆwsImt- m
2 kptXibpss‡c]n ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ IqsS
ssXkvXYmhnss[x ˛ \n¬°p∂ {Klßfn¬ i{Xpt£{X
ÿnXn apXembh C√mØ
{KlßfpsS FÆwsImt- m
3 Kpcp`m ˛ hymgw \n¬°p∂ cminbn¬\nt∂m
Zn\mwiImXv ˛ kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmwiØn¬\nt∂m
kpX¿£ssK¿hm ˛ A©n¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlßfpsS AjvSI
h¿§_nμp°sfs°mt- m
kptX ˛ ]p{XkwJy ]dbWw.
(14)
Pothμp£nXnPkv^pssSIy`ht\
bpt‹ N bp‹mwitI
kv{XoWmw t£{X^ew hZ¥n kpXZw
ant{i {]bmkmXv ^ew
`mkzXvip{IKpcpkv^pssSIy`ht\f- t]ymPmwitIft]ymPt`
]pwkmw _oP_ew kpX{]Zanaw
ant{i Xp an{iw htZXv.
1 Poh Cμp £nXnP kv^pS ˛ (kv{XoPmXIØn¬) Kpcp, N{μ≥, IpP≥
ChcpsS kv^pS߃
sFIy`ht\ ˛ Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂Xv
bpt‹ N bp‹mwitI ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ bp‹mwiambn h∂m¬
204
kv{XoWmw t£{X^ew kpXZw ˛ kv{XoIƒ°p ]p{Xkn≤n°p th-
t£{X^eamIpw.
ant{i {]bmkmXv ^ew ˛ CXp an{iambncp∂m¬ ^e{]m]vXn°p
{]bmkap- mIpsa∂pw
(]cnlmc߃ th- nhcpsa∂pw)
hZ¥n ˛ (BNmcy∑m¿) ]dbp∂p.
2 `mkz Xvip{I Kpcp kv^pSssSIy ˛ (]pcpjPmXIØn¬) chn, ip{I≥, Kpcp
ChcpsS kv^pS߃ Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂Xv
`ht\t]ymPmwitIt]ymPtI ˛ HmPcminbpw HmPAwiIhpambncp∂m¬
]pwkmw _oP_ew kpX{]Zanaw ˛ ]p{Xkn≤n°v Bhiyamb _oP_eamIpw.
ant{i Xp an{iw htZXv ˛ an{iambncp∂m¬ {]bXv\w (]cnlmc
{InbIƒ) sIm- v ^ew D- mIpsa∂pw
]dbWw.
(15)
]©Lv\m—in\x kv^pSmZnjp lXw
`m\pkv^pSw tim[tb˛
∂oXzm X{X XnYnw kntX ip`XnYu
]pt{Xm f kvXybXv\mZ]n
IrjvtW \mkvXn kpXÿntXx _ehimXv
{_qbmZztbmx ]£tbmx
Z¿ti On{ZXnYu N hnjvSnIctW
\ kymXv ÿncmtJy kpXx.
.]©Lv\m—in\x kv^pSmZnjp
˛ A©psIm- v KpWn® N{μkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw
lXw `m\pkv^pSw tim[tb∂oXzm X{X XnYnw
˛ A©psIm- v KpWn® kqcykv^pSw Ipd®m¬ k¥m\XnYnkv^pSw In´pw.
CXns\ XnYn{]amWw (720 Ie) sIm- p lcn®p XnYn ImWWw.
X{X XnYnw kntX ip`XnYu ]pt{Xm f kvXn AbXv\mZ]n
˛ Cu XnYn shfpØ ]£Ønse ip`XnYnbmsW¶n¬ km[mcW KXnbn¬
Øs∂ ]p{X∑m¿ D- mIpw.
IrjvtW \mkvXn...
˛ IdpØ]£XnYnbmsW¶n¬ {]bXv\wIqSmsX (]cnlmcw sNømsX)
]p{Xcp- mIn√.
kpXÿntXx _ehimXv {_qbmXv Zztbmx ]£tbmx
˛ CXv GXp ]£Ønembmepw, A©n¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚ _ew
IqSn t\mt°- Xp- v.
Z¿ti On{ZXnYu N hnjvSnIctW \ ÿncmtJy kpXx.
˛On{ZXnYnItfm hnjvSnIcWtam, ÿncIcWtam hcp∂psh¶n¬, ]p{Xcp
- mhpIbpan√.
1. On{ZXnYnIƒ: NXp¿∞n, jjvTn. AjvSan, \han, ZzmZin, NXp¿±in.
2. hnjvSnIcWw:
shfpØ]£Øn¬: AjvSan, hmhv ChbpsS ]q¿hm≤w
NXp¿∞n, GImZin ChbpsS DØcm¿≤w
205
IdpØ]£Øn¬: k]vXan, NXp¿±in ChbpsS ]q¿hm¿≤w
XrXob, Zian ChbpsS DØcm¿≤w
3. ÿncIcWw: ]p≈v, \m¬°men, ]mºv, ]pgp.
(Chsb√mwXs∂ F√m \√ Imcy߃°pw Hgnhmt°- hbmWv.)
(16)
hnjvSnx ÿncw hm IcWw bZn kymXv
IrjvWw btPXv ]ucpjkq‡ ass{¥x
jjvTymw Kplmcm[\a{X Imcyw
btP NXp¿∞ymw Ine \mKcmPw.
hnjvSnx ÿncw hm IcWw bZn kymXv
˛ k¥m\XnYnbn¬ hnjvSntbm ÿncIcWtam BWv hcp∂sX¶n¬
IrjvWw btPXv ]ucpjkq‡ass{¥x
˛ ]pcpjkq‡wsIm- v IrjvWs\ Bcm[n°Ww.
jjvTymw Kplmcm[\w A{XImcyw
˛ (AXpt]mse) jjvTnbn¬ kp{_“Wyt\bpw
btP NXp¿∞ymw \mKcmPw.
˛ NXp¿∞nbn¬ \mKcmPmhns\bpw ]qPn°Ww.
(17)
cmambWky {ihWw \haymw
bZyjvSao tNXv {ihWw {hXw N
NXp¿±io tNZyZn cp{Z]qPm
kym±zmZio tNXv kvarXa∂Zm\w.
cmambWky {ihWw \haymw ˛ (k¥m\XnYn) \hanbn¬ BsW¶n¬
cmambWw tIƒ°Ww ({ihWw)
bZyjvSao tNXv {ihWw {hXw N ˛ AjvSanbn¬ -- {ihWhpw {hXhpw
NXp¿±io tNXv bZn cp{Z]qPm ˛ NXp¿±inbn¬ -- cp{Z]qP
ZzmZio tNXv kvarXa∂Zm\w. ˛ ZzmZinbn¬ -- Du´v.
(18)
Xr]vXnw ]nXrWmanl ]©Ziymw
- IrjvtW Ziaymw ]ctXm f XnbXv\mXv
]£{Xn`mtKjz]n \mKcmPw
kvIμ© tkthX lcnw {ItaW.
Xr]vXnw ]nXrWmanl ]©Ziymw -
˛ (k¥m\XnYn) ]©Zinbn¬ (hmhp --∂mfn¬) BsW¶n¬ ]nXr°sf
Xr]vXns∏SpØWw
IrjvtW Ziaymw ]ctXm AXnbXv\mXv
˛ (k¥m\XnYn) IrjvW]£Zian°p tijamsW¶n¬ AXn{]bXv\w
IqSpX¬ ]cnlmcw) sIm- p am{Xta k¥Xn D- mIq.
206
ChIqSmsX k¥m\XnYn tZmj]cnlmcØn\v ˛
]£{Xn`mtKjz]n \mKcmPw kvIμ© tkthX lcnw {ItaW ˛
Hcp ]£sØ aq∂p `mKam°nbm¬ ˛˛
BZy`mKØmsW¶n¬ (1˛5 XnYnIƒ) ˛ \mKcmPmhv,
c- maXp `mKØmsW¶n¬ (6˛10 XnYnIƒ) ˛ kvIμ≥ (kp{_“Wy≥),
aq∂mw `mKØmsW¶n¬ (11˛15 XnYnIƒ) ˛ lcn (hnjv Wp)
˛˛ F∂ {IaØn¬ ]qPn°bpw thWw.
(19)
]pt{Xtim cn]p\oNtKm f kvXabtKm
cnx^mjvSamcnÿnX˛
kvXZzXv]p{XKrlÿntXm f ]n bZn hm
Zpÿm\]kvXZzimXv
]p{Xm`mh\nZm\tah IYtb˛
ØXvtJNcm{Im¥`x
t{]mss‡¿ssZhX`qcpsslc]n arssKx
k¥m\tlXpw htZXv.
1. ]pt{Xi cn]p \oN AkvXabtKm, cnx^m AjvSa AcnÿnX
˛ A©mw `mhm[n]Xn, i{Xpt£{XØntem \oNØntem auVyØntem,
12˛8˛6 `mhßfntem \n--∂mepw
2. XZzXv ]p{XKrl ÿnX A]n
˛ AXpt]mse A©mw`mhØn¬ -- \n¬°p∂ {Klw C{]Imcw \n--∂mepw
3. Zpÿm\]kvXZzimXv
˛ B {Klw (A©mw `mhm[n]Xn / A©mw`mhØn¬ -- \n¬°p∂ {Klw)
Zpÿm\m[n]≥ Bbncp--∂mepw
]p{X A`mh \nZm\tah IYtbXv
˛ ]p{X∑m¿ Cs√∂pw (AXn\p ImcWhpw) ]dbWw.
4 XXv tJNc B{Im¥`x
˛ B {Klw \n¬°p∂ cmin / \£{Xw sh®v
t{]mss‡x ssZhX `qcpssl A]n arssKx k¥m\tlXpw htZXv
˛ tZhX, hr£w, arKw XpSßnb k¥m\(tZmj)ImcW߃ ]dbWw.
(AXp hgn F¥ns‚ tIm]w / im]w aqeamWv a°ƒ D- mImØsX∂p
Is- ØpIbpw AXn\p ]cnlmcw sNøpIbpw sNømw.)
(20)
t{Zmlm—w`p kp]¿Ætbm¿\ln kpXx
im]mXv ]nXrWmw cth˛
cntμm¿amXrkphmkn\o `KhXo˛
tIm]m∑t\mtZmjXx
kz{KmaÿnXtZhXmKplcn]p˛
⁄mXyp∞tZmjmXv IptP
im]mXv _meIrXmZv _nemf (_nUme) h[Xx
{iohnjvWptIm]mXv _pt[.
207
(21)
]mcºcykpc{]nbZznPKpcpt{ZmlmXv ^emVy{Zpa˛
t—ZmXv tZhKpcu XYm kXn `rKu ]pjv]{Zpat—Z\mXv
km[zo tKmIpePmXtZmjhitXm b£ymZn Imta\ km
atμ f iz∞h[m{Zpjm ]nXr]tXx t{]ssXx ]nimNmZn`nx.
(22)
kz¿`m\u kpXtK kptXiklntX
k¿]ky im]mØYm
tIXu {_m“Wim]X› KpfntI
t{]tXm∞im]w htZXv
ipt{Iμq KpfnIm\znXu bZn h[q˛
tKmlØnamlp ptX
Pothm hmY inJo kamμncnl tNXv
`qtZhlXym f kpXx.
kpXtK kptXiklntX
˛ (Zp¿∫e\mb) A©mw`mhm[n]≥/A©n¬ -- \n¬°p∂ {Klw kqNn∏n
°p∂ k¥m\tZmjImcW߃˛˛
1. cth --˛ kqcy\msW¶n¬
t{ZmlmXv iw`p kp]¿Ætbmx im]mXv ]nXrWmw
˛ inh≥, KcpU≥, ]nXmhv / ]nXr°ƒ ChcpsS tIm]w/im]w
2. Ctμmx ˛ N{μ\msW¶n¬
amXr kphmkn\o `KhXo tIm]m∑t\mtZmjXx
˛ amXmhv, kpawKen, `KhXn ChcpsS tIm]w/im]w
3. IptP ˛ IpP\msW¶n¬
kz{KmaÿnXtZhXm Kpl co]p ⁄mXyp∞tZmjmXv
˛ {KmatZhX, kp{_“Wy≥, i{Xp°ƒ, _‘p°ƒ ChcpsS tIm]w/im]w
4. _pt[. ˛ _p[\msW¶n¬
im]mXv _meIrXmXv _nUmeh[Xx {iohnjvWptIm]mXv
˛_meim]w, am¿÷mch[w, hnjvWptIm]w
5. tZhKpcu ˛ hymgamsW¶n¬
]mcºcykpc{]nbZznPKpcpt{ZmlmXv ^emVy{Zpat—ZmXv
˛ [¿ΩssZhw, {_m“W≥, Kpcp ChcpsS tIm]w/im]w,
^ehr£ßƒ apdn®Xns‚ ]m]w.
6. `rKu ˛ ip{I\msW¶n¬
]pjv] {Zpa t—Z\mXv km[zo tKmIpePmXtZmjhitXmb£mZn Imta\
˛ ]q°p∂ ac߃ apdn®Xns‚ tZmjw, t{ijvTkv{Xoim]w, ]ipt{Zml]m]w,
b£n K‘¿h D]{Zh߃
7. atμ ˛ i\nbmsW¶n¬
Aiz∞h[m{Zpjm ]nXr]tXx t{]ssXx ]mimNmZn`nx
˛ Acbm¬ apdn®Xns‚ tZmjw, [¿ΩtZh (ba) tIm]w, t{]X]nimNp°
fpsS D]{Zhw.
8. kz¿`m\u ˛ cmlphmsW¶n¬
208
k¿]ky im]w ˛ \mKim]w
9. tIXu ˛ tIXphmsW¶n¬
{_m“Wim]X› ˛ {_m“Wim]w
10. KpfntI ˛ KpfnI\msW¶n¬
t{]tXm∞im]w ˛ t{]Xim]w
11. ipt{Iμq KpfnIm\znXu bZn h[qtKmlXy..
˛ ip{I\pw N{μ\pw KpfnI\pw IqSn CXpt]mse \n∂m¬
kv{Xoh[ tKmh[ ]m]߃
12. Pothm inJo kamμncnl tNXv ˛ hymgw, tIXp, KpfnI≥ C{]Imcw \n∂m¬
`qtZhlXy ˛ {_“lXym]m]w.
(23)
Ghw ln P∑katb _lp]q¿hP∑˛
I¿Ωm¿÷nXw ZqcnXaky hZ¥n X÷vRmx
XØZv {Ktlm‡P]Zm\ip`{Inbm`n˛
kvXt±mjim¥nanl iwkXn ]p{Xknss≤y.
_lp ]q¿hP∑ I¿Ω B¿÷nXw ZqcnXaky
˛ ap≥P∑ßfn¬ sNbvX I¿ΩßfpsS ^eambn D- mIp∂ (k¥m\an√mbva
XpSßnb) ZpcnX߃
Ghw ln P∑katb hZ¥n X÷vRmx
˛ C{]ImcamWv P\\kabsØ {Kl\nebn¬°qSn kqNn∏n°s∏Sp
∂sX∂v Adnhp≈h¿ ]dbp∂p.
Xt±mjim¥nw Cl ]p{Xknss≤y
˛ a°fp- mIp∂Xn\v, Cu tZmjßfpsS im¥n°mbn
XØZv {Ktlm‡
˛ Hmtcm {KlØn\pw ]d™n´p≈
P]Zm\ ip`{Inbm`nx
˛ P]w, Zm\w, XpSßnb ip`{InbIƒ (]cnlmcambn sNøWw)
iwkXn F∂pw ]dbs∏´ncn°p∂p.
(24)
tkXpkv\m\w Io¿Ø\w k¬°Ymbmw
]qPmw iwt`mx {io]tXx kZv{hXm\n
Zm\w {im≤w I¿a \mK{]XnjvTmw
IpcymtZssXcm]v\pbmXv k¥Xow kx.
tkXpkv\m\w ˛ kap{Zkv\m\w,
Io¿Ø\w k¬°Ymbmw ˛ (]pcmWmZn) kXv°YIfpsS Io¿Ø\w
(]mcmbWw)
]qPmw iwt`mx {io]tXx ˛ inh]qP, hnjvWp]qP, Chcpambn
_‘s∏´ {hX߃,
Zm\w {im≤w I¿a \mK{]XnjvTmw ˛ Zm\w, {im≤I¿Ω߃, \mK{]XnjvT
IpcymXv GssX ˛ (XpSßnb ]cnlmc{InbIƒ) sNbvXm¬
B]v\pbmXv k¥Xow. ˛ k¥m\ap- mIpw.
209
(25)
e·mkvX]p{X]XnPohZim]lmtc
]pt{X£Iky kpXKky N ]p{Xkn≤nx
]pt{XicminaYhm baI- I¿£w
Poth KtX X\bkn≤ncYmwit` hm.
1 e·˛AkvX˛]p{X]Xn Poh ˛ 1 , 7, 5 `mhm[n]XnIƒ, Kpcp ChcpsS
Zim]lmtc - ˛ Zim]lmcßfntem
]pt{X£Iky kpXKky N ˛ A©n¬ \n¬°pItbm A©ntebv°p
t\m°pItbm sNøp∂ {KlßfpsS
(Zim]lmcßfntem)
]p{Xkn≤nx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.
2 ]pt{Xicminw AYhm baI- I¿£w˛ (As√¶n¬) A©mw`mhm[n]Xntbm
baI- It\m \n¬°pItbm
Awin°pItbm sNøp∂ cminbn¬
Poth KtX ˛ (Nmchim¬) Kpcp hcp∂ kabØpw
X\bkn≤nx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.
(26)
e·m[oix ]p{X\mtY\ tbmKw
tkzmt® kz¿t£ NmcKXym ktaXn
]p{X{]m]vXnx kymØZm e·\mYx
]p{X¿£w hm bmXy[oim]vX`w hm.
3 e·m[oix ]p{X\mtY\ tbmKw ˛ e·m[n]Xn A©mw`mhm[n]XntbmSpIqSn
tkzmt® kz¿t£ NmcKXym ktaXn ˛ D®Øntem kzt£{XØntem Nmchim¬
hcptºmƒ
]p{X{]m]vXnx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw. --
4 kymXv XZm e·\mYx ]p{X¿£w hm A[oim]vX`w bmXn...
˛ e·m[n]Xn C{]Imcw A©ntem
A©mw `mhm[n]Xn \n¬°p∂
cminbntem hcptºmgpw (]p{Xcp- mIpw.)
(27)
hne·ImamflP\mbIm\mw
tbmKmXv kam\ob Zimw almJymw
kpXÿZzo£IXXv]Xo\mw
Zim]lmtcjp kptXm¤hx kymXv.
5 hne·ImamflP\mbIm\mw ...Zimw almJymw
˛ e·m[n]Xn, Ggmw`mhm[n]Xn, A©mw`mhm[n]Xn ChcpsS Zibn¬
(ChcpsS {Klkv^pS߃ Iq´n \£{XZi hcpØnbXn¬)
kpXÿ ho£I XXv]Xo\mw Zim]lmtcjp
˛ A©n¬ \n¬°pItbm A©ntebv°p t\m°pItbm sNøp∂
210
{KlØns‚tbm A©mw`mhm[n]t‚tbm Zim]lmclmcßfn¬
kptXm¤hx
˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.
(28)
kpX]XnKp¿thmcYhm
XZyp‡cmiywiIm[n]m\mw hm
_eklnXky Zimbm˛
a]lmtc hm kpX{]m]vXnx
6 kpX]Xn Kp¿thm ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]Xn, Kpcp,
AYhm XZyp‡... ˛ As√¶n¬ A©mw`mhm[n]Xntbm
Kpcpthm (\n¬°p∂)
cmiywiIm[n]m\mw hm ˛ cminbpsS \mY≥, AwiI\mY≥ (Chcn¬)
_eklnXky Zimbma]lmtc hm ˛ -- _etadp∂ {KlØns‚ Zim]lmcßfn¬
kpX{]m]vXnx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw.
(29)
Poth Xp PohmflP\mY`mwiI˛
{XntImWtK ]p{XP\o¿`th∂rWmw
AYm\yimkvt{XW N P∑IetXm
\ncq]tbXvk¥Xne£Ww _p[x.
7 PohmflP\mY`mwiI ˛ (P\\kabØp) hymgw \n∂ cminbptStbm
A©mw`mhm[n]Xn \n∂ cminbptStbm
AwiIØns‚
{XntImWtK ˛ {XntImWØn¬ --
Poth ˛ hymgw hcptºmƒ
]p{XP\o¿`th∂rWmw ˛ ]p{X≥ P\n°pw.
AYm\yimkvt{XW N P∑ImetXm \ncq]tbXv k¥Xne£Ww _p[x.
˛ A\yimkv{Xßsfs°m- pw P\\kabsØ k¥Xne£Ww \ncq]n°Ww.
(30)
P∑\£{X\mYky {]Xyc¿£m[n]ky N
kv^pStbmKw KtX Poth {XntImtW hm kptXm¤hx
8 P∑\£{X\mYky ˛ P∑\£{Xm[n]t‚bpw
{]Xyc¿£m[n]ky N ˛ A©mw\£{Xm[n]t‚bpw
kv^pStbmKw ˛ kv^pStbmKØns‚
{XntImtW hm ˛ {XntImWØn¬
KtX Poth ˛ Kpcp hcptºmƒ
kptXm¤hx ˛ ]p{Xcp- mIpw
211
(31)
\ntjIe·m±n\]kvXrXotb
cmiu bZm NmchimZpss]Xn
B[m\e·mZYhm {XntImtW
chu bZm P∑ htZ∂cmWmw.
\ntjIe·mXv XrXotb cmiu ˛ \ntjIe·Øns‚ aq∂n¬
AYhm ˛ As√¶n¬
B[m\e·mXv {XntImtW ˛ B[m\e·Øns‚ {XntImWØn¬
Zn\] NmchimXv Dss]Xn ˛ kqcy≥ Nmchim¬ \n¬°p∂psh¶n¬
P∑ htZXv \cmWmw ˛ AXp a\pjyP∑amsW∂p ]dbWw.
\ntjIw ˛ tkIw : hnhmltijw BZyambn _‘s∏Sp∂Xv
B[m\w : K¿`m[m\w
(32)
B[m\e·mXv kpXt`iP∑˛
`tKy f ]n hm ]pWyhim® hmNyw
B[m\et· ip`ZrjvSntbmtK
Zo¿LmbpsscizcybptXm \cx kymXv.
B[m\e·mXv kpXt`i ˛ B[m\e·Øns‚ A©mw`mhm[n]≥
P∑`tKyf]n hm ˛ P∑Øntem (1) `mKyØntem (9) \n¬°pI
bmsW¶n¬
]pWyhimXv N hmNyw ˛ ]pWywsIm- p≈ P\\amsW∂pw
]dbWw.
B[m\et· ip`ZrjvSntbmtK ˛ B[m\e·Øn\p ip`s‚ tbmKtam
ZrjvSntbm Ds- ¶n¬
Zo¿Lmbp sFizcybptXm \cx kymXv. ˛ Zo¿Lmbp pw sFizcyhpw D≈h\mIpw.
(33)
XXvImteμp ZzmZimwti tajmØmhXn t`f]n hm
XkvamØmhXn t` hmf]n P∑N{μw htZZv _p[x.
XXvImteμp ˛ B[m\kabsØ N{μs‚
ZzmZimwti ˛ ZzmZimwiw
tajmØmhXn t`f]n hm ˛ taSwapX¬ F{XmasØ cminbnemtWm
XkvamØmhXn t` .. ˛ A{XmasØ cminbnembncn°pw
P∑N{μw ˛ PmXIØnse N{μ≥
htZXv ˛ F∂p ]dbWw.
212
(34)
{]iv\mflP kzoIctWm]\oXn˛
I\ym{]Zm\m f `n\hm¿Xthjp
B[m\Imte]n N P∑Xpeyw
^ew htZ÷∑hne·X›.
{]iv\w ˛ {]iv\w
BflP kzoIcW ˛ ]p{XkzoIcWw,
D]\oXn ˛ D]\b\w,
I\ym{]Zm\ ˛ I\yImZm\w,
A`n\h B¿Øthjp ˛ BZyEXp apXembhbnepw
B[m\Imte A]n ˛ B[m\ImeØnepw
P∑Xpeyw ˛ PmXIØn¬ sNøp∂Xpt]mse
P∑hne·Xx N ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw Nn¥n®p
^ew htZXv ˛ ew ]dbWw.
213
A≤ymbw 13
Bbp¿\n¿Æbw
(1)
PmtX Ipamtc kXn ]q¿hamsscy-˛
cmbp¿hnNn¥yw ln XXx ^em\n
hnNmcWob KpWn\n ÿntX XZv˛
KpWmx kakvXmx Jep e£Wss⁄x.
PmtX Ipamtc ˛ Hcp inip P\n®m¬
]q¿hamsscyx ˛ BZyambn sNtø- Xv
Bbpx hnNn¥yw ˛ Bbp¿Nn¥bmWv.
ln XXx ^em\n ˛ AXn\ptijw thWw ^eNn¥.
KpWn\n ÿntX ˛ (P\\kabsØ {Kl\nebn¬)
KpWIcamb {KlÿnXn ImWp∂psh¶n¬
--KpWmx kakvXmx ˛(Zo¿Lmbp pXpSßnb) kIe KpW^ehpw
e£Wss⁄x. ˛ (]cnNbkº∂\mb)ssZh⁄\m¬(am{Xw)
hnNmcWob ˛ Nn¥n°s∏SWw
(2)
tINnZyYm[m\hne·at\y
io¿tjmZbw `q]X\w ln tINnXv
tlmcmhnZt›X\Imbtbmt\ym¿
hntbmKImew IYb¥n e·w.
1. tINnXv bYm B[m\hne·w
˛ Nne¿ B[m\kabsØ e·hpw
2. At\y io¿tjmZbw
˛ Nne¿ intcmZ¿i\ (inc p shfnbn¬ ImWp∂) kabsØ e·hpw
3. `q]X\w ln tINnXv
˛ a‰p Nne¿ `q]X\(Ip´n amXricocw hn´v Xmsg hogp∂)kabsØ e·hpw
4. tNX\Imbtbmx hntbmKImew
˛ C\n Nne¿ s]m°nƒsImSn apdn®v Ip´n Xn®pw kzX{¥amIp∂ kabsØ
e·hpw P∑e·amsbSp°p∂p.
214
CXn¬ GXmWv --icnbmb P\\kabw G∂Xv C∂pw X¿°hnjbamW vv.
intcmZ¿i\amWv ChnsS {][m\ambpw ]n¥pScp∂Xv.
(3)
BZzmZim_vZm∂ctbm\nP∑\m˛
ambpjvIem \n›bnXpw \ iIytX
am{Xm N ]n{Xm IrX]m]I¿aWm
_me{Kssl¿\miapss]Xn _meIx.
PmXI{]Imcw [mcmfw Bbp p ImWmsa¶nepw˛˛
BZzmZim_vZm≥ \ctbm\nP∑\mw ˛ ]{¥- p hb p XnIbp∂Xphsc HcmfpsS
BbpjvIem \n›bnXpw \ iIytX ˛ bYm¿∞ Bbp v ]dbm≥ km≤ya√.
am{Xm N ]n{Xm IrX]m]I¿aWm ˛ (ImcWw,) amXm]nXm°ƒ sNøp∂
]m]I¿ΩßfpsS ^eambpw
_me{Kssl ˛ _me{Kl]oUIƒ (_memcnjvSXIƒ)
sIm- pw
\miw Dss]Xn _meIx. ˛ Ip´n (t\ctØ) acn®p t]msb∂p hcmw.
(4)
BtZy NXpjvtI P\\o IrXmssL¿˛
at≤y N ]n{Xm¿÷nX ]m]kwssLx(1)
_mekvXZ¥ymkp NXpx icXvkp
kzIobtZmssjx kapss]Xn \miw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: ]m]kwssJy, kwssK
Cu ]{¥- p hb n¬
BtZy NXpjvtI P\\o IrX AssLx ˛ BZysØ \mep hb phsc (1˛4)
AΩbpsS ]m]ßfmepw
at≤y N ]nXr B¿÷nX ]m]kwssLx ˛ ]n∂sØ \mep hb v (4˛8) A—s‚
]m]ßfmepw
XXv A¥ymkp NXpx icXvkp ˛ Ahkm\ \mep h¿jw (9˛12)
kzIobtZmssjx ˛ kzI¿ΩtZmjØmepw
_mex kapss]Xn \miw. ˛ Ip´n acn®p t]msb∂p hcmw.
(5)
Xt±mjimss¥y {]XnP∑ Xmc˛
amZzmZim_vZw P]tlma]q¿hw
BbpjvIcw I¿ahn[mb XmtXm
_mew NnIn’mZn`ntch ct£Xv.
XXv tZmjimss¥y ˛ AØcØnep≈ tZmjßfpsS
im¥n°mbns°m- v
BZzmZim_vZw ˛ ]{¥- v hb p XnIbp∂Xphsc
{]XnP∑ Xmcw ˛ F√m]nd∂mfn\pw
P]tlma]q¿hw ˛ P]tlmaßtfmsS
215
BbpjvIcw I¿ahn[mb ˛ Zo¿Lmbp n\pth- nbp≈ I¿Ω߃
sNbvXpw
_mew NnIn’mZn`ntch ˛ _metcmK߃°p≈ NnIn’ \¬Inbpw
XmtXm ct£Xv ˛ A—≥ Ip´nsb (tZmjßfn¬ \n∂pw)
c£n°Ww.
(6)
AjvSu _memcnjvSamZu \cmWmw
tbmKmcnjvSw {]mlpcmhnwiXnkymXv
A¬]w NmZzm{XnwiXw a[yambpx˛
›mk]vXXymx ]q¿Æambpx iXm¥av.
AjvSu _memcnjvSw BZu \cmWmw ˛ Ip´nIƒ°v BZysØ F´p hb phsc
_memcnjvShpw (1˛8)
tbmKmcnjvSw {]mlpx BhnwiXn kymXv ˛ Ccp]Xp hb phsc tbmKmcnjvShpw
(9˛20)
A¬]w Nm Zzm {XnwiXw ˛ ap∏Ønc- p hb phsc A¬]mbp pw
(21˛32)
a[yambpx Bk]vXXymx ˛ Fgp]Xp hb phsc a[ymbp pw (32˛70)
]q¿Æw Bbpx iXm¥x. ˛ \qdp hb phsc ]q¿Æmbp pw (71˛100)
BIp∂p.
(7)
\rWmw h¿jiXw lymbpkvXkvanwkvt{X[m hn`PytX
A¬]w a≤yw Zo¿LmambpcntXyXXv k¿hkΩXw
(Cu k{ºZmbØn¬--)
\rWmw h¿jiXw ln Bbp ˛ a\pjy¿°v \qdph¿jamWv Bbp v.
XkvXn≥ t{X[m hn`PytX ˛ AXns\ aq∂mbn `mKn®m¬ --
A¬]w a≤ywZo¿Lmambpx CtXyXXv ˛ A¬]w, a≤yw, Zo¿Lw F∂nßs\ aq∂p
hn[w BbpjvIme߃ In´pw.
k¿hkΩXw ˛ Cu hn`P\w k¿hkΩXamIp∂p.
(8)
arXypx kym±n\arXypcpKznjLSo˛
Imte f Y Xnjym f w_pt` XmXmw_m(1) kpXamXpem≥ ]Zhim˛
≤kvtX N l\ymØYm
aqe¿t£ ]nXramXrhwihnebw(2)
Xkym¥y]mtZ {inbw
k¿t∏ hykvXanZw ^ew \ ip`kw˛
_‘w hne·w bZn.
]mTt`Zw: (1) PmXmw_m (2) \nebw
216
1 Zn\arXyp cpKv hnjLSoImte ˛ Zn\arXyp, ZnhmtcmKw, hnjLSnI
Chbn¬ P\n®m¬
arXypx kymXv ˛ acWamIp∂p. (Ip´n°v Bbp p Ipdbpw)
2. Xnjy, Aw_p...]ZhimXv ltkvX˛ ]qbw,]qcmSw,AØw \mfpIfn¬ P\n®m¬
]mZ{IaØn¬
XmX Aw_m kpX amXpem≥ ˛ ]nXmhv, amXmhv, PmXI≥, amXpe≥ Chsc
l\ymØYm ˛ l\n°pw
A¿∞w Xnjyw, ]pjyw = ]qbw. Aw_p`w ˛ Aw_p \£{Xw ˛ ]qcmSw. lkvXw -= AØw
\£{X]mZtZmj߃ ]mZw 1 2 3 4
]qbw PmXI≥ amXmhv A—≥ AΩmh≥
]qcmSw amXmhv A—≥ AΩmh≥ PmXI≥
AØw A—≥ AΩmh≥* PmXI≥ AΩ
* AØw \£{XØns‚ c- mw]mZØn¬ P\n®m¬ AΩbv°pw \memw
]mZØn¬ -- P\n®m¬ AΩmh\pw arXyp kw`hn°pw.o
3 aqe¿t£ ]nXr amXr hwihnebw Xkym¥y]mtZ {inbw
aqew ]mZw 1 2 3 4
]nXm\miw amXm\miw hwi\miw sFizcyw
4. k¿t∏* hykvXanZw ˛ BbneyØn¬ -- CXn\p hn]coXw
Bbneyw ]mZw 1 2 3 4
sFizcyw hwi\miw amXm\miw ]nXm\miw
5. ^ew \ ip`kw_‘w hne·w bZn
˛ e·w ip`_‘tØmSpIqSnbncp∂m¬ Cu tZmj^e߃ D- mIpIbn√.
1. N{μ≥ ip`{KltØmSpIqSn \n∂m¬ Zn\arXyphn\pw ZnhmtcmKØn\pw
]cnlmcambn.
2. N{μ≥ ip`mwiØn¬ \n¬°pItbm ip`{Kl߃ N{μs\ t\m°pItbm N{μ≥
ip`{KlßtfmSp tNcpItbm hymgw tI{μ{XntImWßfn¬ \n¬°pItbm sNbvXm¬ --
hnjLSnIbv°pw tZmjan√.
Zn\arXyp 2. ZnhmtcmKw \mƒ ]mZw \mƒ ]mZw
AØw 1 AizXn 1
Ahn´w 1 Bbneyw 1
XncphmXnc 2 `cWn 2
hnimJw 2 aqew 2
217
Bbneyw 3 D{Xw 3
D{X´mXn 3 XncpthmWw 3
`cWn 4 aIbncw 4
aqew 4 tNmXn 4
ZnhmtcmKßfn¬ AizXn ˛ 1 \p ]Icambn Nne {KŸßfn¬ D{X´mXn ˛ 1
ImWp- v.
3. hnjLSnI Hmtcm \mfnepap≈ tZmjIcamb \mgnIIƒ
(\mfpIƒ°p t\sc ImWn®n´p≈ kabwapX¬ \mep \mgnI).
\mƒ hnjLSnI \mƒ hnjLSnI \mƒ hnjLSnI AizXn 50 aIw 30 aqew 20
`cWn 24 ]qcw 40 ]qcmSw 24
Im¿ØnI 30 D{Xw 18 D{XmSw 20
tcmlnWn 40 AØw 22 XncpthmWw 10
aIbncw 14 Nn{X 20 Ahn´w 10
XncphmXnc 11 tNmXn 14 NXbw 18
]pW¿Xw 30 hnimJw 14 ]qcqcp´mXn 16
]qbw 20 A\ngw 10 D{X´mXn 24
Bbneyw 32 Xrt°´ 14 tchXn 30
t]cp kqNn∏n°p∂Xpt]mse Cu kabßsf√mwXs∂ ip`Imcy߃ °p
h¿÷yamWv. Cu kabØp≈ P\\w Bbp n\pw tZmjIcamWv.
(9)
]m]m]vtX£nXcmink‘nP\t\ ktZym hn\miw {[phw
Kfimt¥ ]nXramXrlm iniparXn¿ PothZyZn £vam]Xnx
PmXx k‘n NXpjvStb f ]yip`kwbpt‡£ntX kvYm\parXn¿˛
artXym¿`mKKtX N kwkZn hn[u tIt{μ f jvSta hm arXnx.
1. ]m] B]vX ˛ ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°p∂Xpw
Cu£nX ˛ t\m°p∂Xpamb
cmink‘n P\t\ ˛ cmink‘nbn¬ P\n®m¬
ktZym hn\miw {[phw - ˛ DS≥ acWw Dd∏v.
2 Kfimt¥ ]nXramXrlm iniparXn ˛ Kfim¥Øn¬ P\n®m¬ ]nXmhn\pw
amXmhn\pw Ip´n°pw \miw.
PothXv bZn £vam]Xnx ˛ Pohn°p∂psh¶n¬ cmPmhmIpw.
3 PmXx k‘n NXpjvStb A]n ˛ tI{μk‘nIfnse P\\Øn\v
Aip`kwbpt‡£ntX ˛ Aip`∑mcpsS tbmKZrjvSnIfps- ¶n¬
kymXv arXnx ˛ acWap- mIpw.--
218
cmin-k‘nIfpw \£{Xk‘nIfpw ÿm\w cmin-k-‘n- * \£-{X-k‘n
120w I¿°Sw ˛ Nnßw B-bneyw ˛ aIw
240w hr›nIw ˛ [\p Xr-t°´ ˛ aq-ew
360w ao\w ˛ taSw tc-hXn ˛ Aiz-Xn
*cmin-Iƒ tNcp-∂n-S-sØ√mw k‘n-bp-s- ∂pw A`n-{]m-b-ap-- v.
Kfim¥w N{μ≥ k‘n IS-°p-tºm-gmWv Kfim¥w. Kfim¥w aq∂p hn[-ap-- v.
cmin K-fim-¥w, \£-{X-K-fim-¥w, XnYn-K-fim-¥w.
Kfim¥ tZmjw: GXp Kfim¥Øn¬ -- P\n®mepw P\\w k‘yIfnembm¬ --P\n® Ip´n°pw
cm{Xnbnembm¬ --amXmhn\pw ]Iembm¬ -- ]nXmhn\pw BWv tZmjw _m[n°p
∂Xv. ˛˛ tPymXnj\nLfip
(10)
Nm{μw cq]w temIiptcm hc⁄x
IptUy Nn{Xw `mKy temtI apJm\mw
tat\ cmPyw arXyp`mKmx {]ZnjvSm
tajmZo\mw h¿WkwssJy¿lnamwtimx.
arXyp`mKIƒ (Nμm¬)
(IS]bmZn A£ckwJybn¬ --)
taSw CShw anYp\ I¿° Nnßw I∂n Xpe hr›n [\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w Nm{μ cq]w temI ipc hc⁄ IpUyNn{X `mKy temtI apJm tat\ cmPyw
62 21 31 52 420 11 62 41 31 52 50 21
26 12 13 25 24 11 26 14 13 25 5 12
h¿WkwssJyx ˛ (Ch) A£ckwJybn¬ --
tajmZo\mw ˛ taSw XpSßnb cminIfnse
lnamwtimx. ˛ N{μs‚
arXyp`mKmx {]ZnjvSm ˛ arXyp`mKIfmIp∂p.
N{μ≥ Cu `mKIfn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ P\n®m¬ --Bbp p- mhn√.
(11)
Zm\w t[t\m cp{Z cu{Zo aptJ\
`mtKym `m\p tKm{XPmbm \tJ\
]p{Xo \nXyw arXyp `mKmx {ItaW
tajmZo\mw tXjp PmtXm KXmbpx.
arXyp`mKIƒ (e·m¬) taSw CShw anYp\ I¿° Nnßw I∂n Xpe hr›n [\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w
Zm\w t[t\m cp{Z cu{Zn aptJ\ `mtKym `m\p tKm{X Pmb \tJ\ ]p{Xo \nXy
80 90 22 22 520 41 40 32 81 020 12 01
8 9 22 22 25 14 4 23 18 20 21 10
tajmZo\mw {ItaW ˛ (Ch) {IaØn¬ -- taSw XpSßnb cminIfpsS
219
arXyp `mKmx ˛ arXyp `mKIfmIp∂p.
tXjp PmtXm KXmbpx. ˛ Cu cmin`mK߃ DZn°ptºmƒ P\n®mepw
Bbp p- mhn√.
(12)
ct{‘ tIt{μjp ]mss]cpZb\n[\ssK¿˛
hmY e·mkvXtbm¿hm
et· f _vtP thm{Kat≤y hybarXncn]ptK
Zp¿_te ioX`m\u
£otWμu km ipt` hm X\paZKpcp[o-˛
`mPn c{‘mkvXtKmss{K¿˛
arXypx kymZmip tIt{μ \ bZn (1) ip`JKmx
kZypXnx ho£Ww hm.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: X]kn ˛ HºXnepw
1 ct{‘ tIt{μjp ]mss] ˛ F´nepw tI{μßfnepw ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pI;
2 DZb \n[\ssK ˛ e·Ønepw F´nepw ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pI;
3 hm AY e· AkvXtbmx ˛ As√¶n¬ e·Ønepw Ggnepw ]m]∑m¿
4 et· A_vtP D{Kat≤y ˛ e·Ønt‚bpw N{μt‚bpw Ccphihpw
5 hybarXncn]ptK Zp¿_te ioX`m\u ˛ Zp¿∫e\mb N{μ≥ 12˛8˛6 `mhßfn¬
6 £otWμu ˛ £oWN{μ≥
k Aipt` ˛ ]m]{KlßtfmSpIqSn
X\p aZ Kpcp [o`mPn ˛ 1˛7˛9˛5 Cu `mhßfn¬ \n¬°pI;
7 c{‘ AkvXtKmss{Kx ˛ 8˛7 `mhßfn¬ ]m]∑m¿ \n¬°pI;
arXyp kymXv Bip ˛˛ Chsb√mw inipacWw kqNn∏n°p∂hbmWv.
F∂m¬˛˛
1 tIt{μ bZn ip`JKmx ˛ tI{μßßfn¬ --(HºXnepw?) ip`{Kl߃
\n¬°pItbm
2 kZypXnx ho£Ww hm ˛ (e·w, N{μ≥, ]m]{Klw Chbv°p)
\ ˛ Cßs\ kw`hn°pIbn√ .
(13)
Pt∑tim f Y hne·t]m bZn `th±pkvtYm f _tem h’ssc˛
kvX{Zmin {]anssX› amcbXn X∑mssk¿ZrKmWm[n]x
Awtitim ZnhsskkvXYm bZn arXn¿ Zzn{XymZntbmKm≥ _lq˛
\mtemNy {]htZXv kpXmjvSaKssXx ]mss]ccnjvSw intimx.
1 Pt∑i AY hne·t]m ˛ N{μe·m[n]≥ / e·m[n]≥
bZn `thXv Zpÿ A_e ˛ _elo\\mbnZpÿm\Øp(6--˛8-˛12) \n∂m¬
h¬kssc XXv cmin {]anssX› ˛ B Zpÿm\cmin°p Xpeyamb
h’cØn¬ (hb n¬)
(taSw 1, CShw 2....F∂ {IaØn¬)
amcbXn ˛ inip acn°mw.
2 X∑msskx ZrKmWm[n]x ˛ t{Z°mWm[n]≥ A{]Imcw \n¬°pIbm
sW¶n¬ B cmin°p Xpeyamb amkØnepw
Awtitim Znhsskx XYm ˛ AwiI\mY≥ Aßs\bmsW¶n¬
220
B cmin°p Xpeyamb ZnhkØnepw
arXnx ˛ inip acn°mw.
3 Zzn{XmZntbmKm≥ _lq≥ ˛ (Ip´nbpsS P\\Øn¬) Cu tbmKw ct- m
aqt∂m AXne[nItam ImWp∂psh¶n¬
4 kpX AjvSa KssXx ]mss]x AcnjvSw intimx.
˛ A©nepw F´nepw ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬ Ip´n°v AcnjvSap- mIpw.
(14)
et·tμmkvXZ[oitbmc]n antYm et·ict{‘itbm¿˛
t{Z°mWmXv kz\hmwiImZ]n anY kvXZzmZimwimXv {IamXv
Bbp¿Zo¿Lkam¬]Xmw Nc\KhywssK›tc f Yÿntc
{_qbm±zμNcÿnssXcp`bt`Zÿmkv\p ZzntZlmSss\.
e·w, N{μ≥ XpSßnbhbpsS
Nc˛ÿnc˛D`b cminIfnse ÿnXn A\pkcn®v
Zo¿L˛ka˛A¬] Bbp pIƒ
et·tμm -XZ[oitbmx A]n anYx ˛ e·m[n]\pw N{μe·m[n]\pw --
t{Z°mWmXv kz\hmwiImXv ˛ t{Z°mWØnepw \hmwiØnepw
et·i ct{‘itbmx ˛ e·m[n]\pw AjvSam[n]\pw
XXv ZzmZimwimXv ˛ ZzmZimwiØnepw (\n∂m¬)
{IamXv ˛ {IaØn¬
Zo¿L ka A¬]Xmw Bbpx ˛ (1) Zo¿L (2) ka (3) A¬∏ Bbp pIƒ
Nc \K ... ˛ Nc˛ÿnc˛D`bcminIƒ°\pkcn®p
Cu t«mIw Zp¿{KlambXn\memsW∂p tXm∂p∂p, CXns‚ hymJym\w \mep
]pkvXIßfn¬ \mepXcØnemWv ImWp∂Xv. Ahbn¬ --s]mXphmbn ImWp∂Xv aq∂p
\nbaßfmWv:
(1) e·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ t{Z°mWhpw N{μe·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ t{Z°mWhpw
XΩnep≈ Nc˛ÿnc˛D`b _‘w,
(2) e·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ \hmwihpw N{μe·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ \hmwihpw
XΩnep≈ Nc˛ÿnc˛D`b _‘w,
(3) e·m[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ ZzmZimwihpw AjvSam[n]≥ \n¬--°p∂ ZzmZimwihpw
CXp sh®v, Hcp Ip´nbpsS Bbp v Zo¿Ltam, a≤ytam, A¬--∏tam F--∂dnbp∂ Xn\v
(1) (2) (3)
e·m[n]≥ N{μe·m[n]≥ ^ew
\n¬°p∂ \n¬°p∂
t{Z°mWw/ t{Z°mWw/
\hmwiw \hmwiw
1. Ncw Ncw Zo¿Lmbp v
Ncw ÿncw a≤ymbp v
Ncw D`bw A¬]mbp v
221
2. ÿncw D`b Zo¿Lmbp v
ÿncw Ncw a≤ymbp v
3. D`bw ÿncw Zn¿Lmbp v
D`bw D`bw a≤ymbp v
D`bw Ncw Aev]mbp v
DZmlcWw (t{Z°mWÿnXn) e·t{Z°mWw Ncw + N{μt{Z°mWw Ncw = Zo¿Lmbp v
+ N{μt{Z°mWw ÿncw = a≤ymbp v
+ N{μt{Z°mWw D`bw = A¬∏mbp v
e·t{Z°mWw ÿncw + N{μt{Z°mWw D`bw = Zo¿Lmbp v
+ N{μt{Z°mWw Ncw = a≤ymbp v
+ N{μt{Z°mWw ÿncw = A¬∏mbp v
e·t{Z°mWw D`bw + N{μt{Z°mWw ÿncw = Zo¿Lmbp v
+ N{μt{Z°mWw D`bw = a≤ymbp v
+ N{μt{Z°mWw Ncw = A¬∏mbp v
(15)
e·m[oiip`mx {IamZv _lpkam¬]mbpjn tI{μmZnKmx
ct{‘tim{KJKmkvXYm bZn KXm hykvXw hnZ[ypx ^ew
Pt∑imjvSa\mYtbmcpZb]—nt{Zitbm¿ssa{XntXm
`mkz√·]tbm›ncmbpclntX f ev]mbpx kta a[yax.
1 e·m[oi ip`mx {IamZv ˛ e·m[n]Xnbpw ip`∑mcpw {IaØn¬˛
tI{μmZnKmx ˛ tI{μw XpSßnbhbn¬ \n∂m¬
_lp ka A¬]mbpjn tI{μmZnKmx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp v. (tI{μw)
a≤ymbp v (]W]cw)
A¬]mbp v (Bt]m¢naw)
2 ct{‘tim D{KJKmx kvXZm bZn KXm˛ AjvSam[n]Xnbpw]m]{Klßfpw
Aßns\ \n∂m¬
hykvXw hnZ[ypx ^ew ˛ ew adn®mbncn°pw. AXmbXv˛˛
tI{μØn¬ \n∂m¬ A¬]mbp v
]W]cØn¬ \n∂m¬ a≤ymbp v.
Bt]m¢naØn¬ \n∂m¬ Zo¿Lmbp v
3 Pt∑i AjvSa\mYtbm ˛ N{μe·m[n]\pw AXns‚ AjvSam[n]\pw
Ωnepw
DZb] Ont{Zitbmx ssa{XntXm ˛ DZbe·m[n]\pw AXns‚ AjvSam[n]\pw
XΩnepw
`mkzXv e·]tbm ˛ chnbpw e·m[n]\pw XΩnepw
ssa{XnX .. Nncmbp ˛ kplrØp°fmbncp∂m¬ Zo¿Lmbp pw
ssa{XnX .. clntX ˛ i{Xp°fmbncp∂m¬ A¬∏mbp pw
ssa{XnX .. kta ˛ ka∑mcmbncp∂m¬ a≤ymbp pw ^ew.
222
(16)
e·m[nt]m e·\hmwi\mbtIm
Pt∑iztcm P∑\hmwi\mbIm
kzkzmjvStaimZyXn tNZv _em\zntXm
Zo¿Lmbpjkyp¿hn]coXa\yYm..
e·m[nt]m ˛ e·m[n]≥
e·\hmwi\mbtIm ˛ e·\hmwim[n]≥
Pt∑iztcm ˛ N{μe·m[n]≥
P∑\hmwi\mbtIm ˛ N{μ\hmwim[n]≥
kz kz AjvStaimXv bZn tNXv _em\zntXm ˛ Ch¿°v AhchcpsS
AjvSam[n]t\°mƒ _eaps- ¶n¬
Zo¿Lmbpjkypx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp mbncn°pw.
hn]coXa\yYm. ˛ _eans√¶n¬ ^ew hn]coXw
(A¸mbp v).
(17)
et·izcmZXn_eo \n[t\iztcm f ku
tI{\ÿntXm \n[\cnx^KssX› ]mss]x
Xkymbpc¬]aYhm bZn a[yambp˛
cp’mlk¶ShimXv ]cambtcXn.
et·izcmZXn_eo \n[t\iztcmku ˛ e·m[n]t\°mƒ _eap≈ AjvSam[n]≥
tI{\ÿntXm ˛ tI{μØn¬ \n¬°pIbpw
\n[\cnx^KssX› ]mss]x ˛ e·Øns‚ F´nepw ]{¥- nepw ]m]nIƒ
\n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬
Xky Bbp A¬]w ˛ Ah\v A¬]mbp mbncn°pw.
AYhm bZn a[yambp -˛ C\n AYhm a≤ymbp msW¶nepw
D’ml k¶S himXv ]cambptcXn. ˛ D’mlw, k¶Sw F∂nhsIm- √msX
Zo¿Lmbp p- mIp∂X√.
]e `mjIƒ {]NmcØneps- ¶nepw --thZ\n°p∂ a\ ns‚ s]m≈p∂ `mjtb
Cuizc\nseØq. s]m≈p∂ Cu `mj kwPmXamIm\p≈ GIam¿§w s\©pcp°p∂
ZpcnXm\p`hamWv. thZ\bptSXpam{Xamb Cu A\p`hw `‡nt°m ⁄m\Ønt\m
ImcWamImw. \√ `‡t\ \√ ⁄m\nbmIm≥ Ignbp. c- pw AhbpsS ]mcayXbn¬ --
Xncn®dnhnseØn°pIbpw sNøpw. D’mlw ]cn{iaamWv; k¶Sw thZ\m\p`hhpw.
at{¥izc≥ tPymXnj]finX≥ am{Xambncp∂n√, XnI™ Hcp XXz⁄m\n IqSnbm
bncp∂psh∂Xn\p thsd sXfnhpIƒ Bhiyan√.
(18)
\tcm f ¬]mbp¿tbmtK {]Ya`KtW \iyXn it\¿˛
ZznXotb a≤ymbpcyZn `hXn Zo¿Lmbpjn kXn
XrXotb \ncymWw kv^pSPi\nKp¿h¿I lnaKq≥
Zimw `q‡nw IjvSma]n hZXp \n›nXy kpaXnx.
223
\cx A¬]mbp¿tbmtK ˛ A¬--]mbp¿tbmKØn¬ -- P\n®m¬ --
it\x {]Ya`KtW \iyXn ˛ i\nbpsS BZy`KWØn¬ -- acn°pw.
ZznXotb a≤ymbp blnZn`hXn ˛ a≤mbp msW¶n¬ c- masØ
`KWØnepw
Zo¿Lmbpjn XrXotb \ncymWw ˛ Zo¿Lmbp msW¶n¬
aq∂masØ `KWØnepw acn°pw.
kv^pSP i\n Kpcp A¿° lnaKq≥ ˛ kv^pSam°nb i\n, hymgw, chn, N{μ≥
ChcpsS ZiIƒ IrXyam°n
Zimw `q‡nw IjvSma]n hZXn \n›nXy kpaXnx. ˛ IjvSamb Zitbbpw `p‡ntbbpw
Adn™n´p thWw ssZh⁄≥ C{]Imcw
Bbp¿\n¿Æbw \SØm≥.
`KWw ChnsS -- cminN{IØneqsSbp≈ {Klk©mcamWv. i\nbpsS `KWw GI
tZiw ap∏Xp h¿jw hcpw. P\\kabØp \n∂nSØpXs∂ i\n BZyambn Xncn
s®Øp∂XmWv BZy`KWw. F∂m¬ DØtc¥y≥ hymJym\߃ {]Imcw i\n,
hymgw, chn, N{μ≥ ChcpsS {Klkv^pS߃ Iq´n°n´p∂ cminbmWv `KWw.
(19)
k]mt]m et·tim chnlXcpNn¿\oNcn]ptKm
bZm ZpkvYmt\jp ÿnXnap]KtXm tKmNchimXv
X\u hm XtZymtKm bZn \n[\amlpkvX\`rXmw
\hmwimt{Z°mWm—nincIce·mZ]n htZXv.
k]mt]m ˛ ]m]tbmKw
chnlXcpNn \oN cn]ptKm ˛ auVyw, \oNÿnXn, i{Xpt£{XÿnXn
XpSßnb _e£bßfp≈
et·tim ˛ e·m[n]Xn
bZm D]KtXm tKmNchimXv ˛ tKmNcØn¬
ZpkvYmt\jp ÿnXnw .. ˛ Zpÿm\w (6˛8˛12), e·w, e·\hmwiw,
e·t{Z°mWw, N{μe·w Chbn¬ --
\n[\amlp ˛ k©cn°ptºmƒ acWw kw`hn°pw
(20)
iio XZmcqV{Klm[n]›
e·m[n\mY› bZm {Xtbm f ao
KpWm[nImx kZv{KlZrjvSnbp‡m
KpWm[nIw Xw IYb¥n Imew.
iio XZmcqV{Klm[n]› e·m[n\mY› bZm {Xtbmao
˛ (PmXIØn¬) N{μ≥, N{μe·m[n]≥, e·m[n]≥ F∂o ap∂p {Kl߃°pw
KpWm[nImx ˛ (ÿnXnbn¬) KpWm[nIyhpw (_ehpw)
kZv{KlZrjvSnbp‡ ˛ kZv{KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbpw Ds- ¶n¬
KpWm[nIw Xw Ieb¥n Imew. ˛ AXv (B Ip´nbpsS Bbp n\pw)
KpWIcamIp∂p.
224
(21)
e·m[nt]m f Xn_ehm\ipss`cZrjvSx
tI{μÿnXx ip`JssKchtemIyam\x
arXypw hnlmb hnZ[mXn kpZo¿Lambpx
km¿≤w KpssW¿_lp`ncq¿PPnXcmPe£vaym
Aipss` AZrjvS ˛ ]m]ZrjvSn C√msX
tI{μÿnX ˛ tI{μÿnXntbmsS
ip`JssK AhtemIyam\mx ˛ ip`ZrjvSntbmsS \n¬ --°p∂
e·m[n] AXn_ehm≥ ˛ _ehm\mb e·m[n]≥
arXypw hnlmb ˛ (AIme) acWsØ AI‰n
KpssW_lp`n ˛ hfsc KpWm\p`hßtfmsS
Du¿PPnX cmPe£vaym. ˛ sFiycytØmsS
hnZ[mXn k Zo¿Lambpx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp p \¬-Ip∂p.
(22)
k¿hmXnimøXn_ex kv^pcZwipPmtem
et· ÿnXx {]iatbXv kpccmPa{¥o
GtIm _lq\n ZpcnXm\n kpZpkvXcmWn
`‡ym {]bp‡ Ch N{I[tc {]Wmax.
k¿hmXnimbn kpccmPa{¥o ˛ k¿hmXnimbnbmb tZhKpcp
AXn_ex ˛ _ehm\mbn
kv^pZwipPmtem ˛ sXfn™ civanItfmsS
et· ÿnXx ˛ e·Øn¬ \n∂m¬
`‡ym {]bp‡ Ch N{I[c {]Wma ˛ N{I[c\mbalmhnjvWphns\{]Wan°p∂Xv
F{]Imcw ^e{]ZamtWm, A{]Imcw
GtIm _lq\n ZpcnXm\n -kpZpkvXcmWn ˛ H‰bmtbm Iq´amtbm hcp∂Zp¿LSßfmb
ZpcnXßsfsb√mw
{]iatbXv ˛ ian∏n°p∂p.
(23)
aq¿tØkv{XntImWmKaI- tIjp
choμpPoh¿£\hmwikwÿx
kpI¿ΩIr∂nXyatijtZmjm≥
apjvWmXn h¿≤njvWpc\pjvWcivanx.
A\pjvWcivanx aq¿tØ ˛ N{μ≥ e·m¬
{XntImWm BKa I- tIjp
˛ {XntImWßfntem(5, 9) ]Xns\m∂ntem (11), tI{μßfntem (1, 4, 7, 10),
cho Cμpp Poh¿£ \hmwikwÿx
˛ chn, N{μ≥, Kpcp ChcpsS cminIƒ (Nnßw, I¿°SIw, [\p, ao\w) \hmwi amtbm
\n∂m¬
apjvWmXn h¿[njvWp ˛ tZmjßsf C√mXm°n k¬^eßsf h¿≤n∏n°pw.
225
(24)
tI{μ{XntImW\n[t\jp \ bky ]m]m
eKv\m[n]x kpcKpcp› NXpjvSbÿu
`p‡zm kpJm\n hnhn[m\n kp]pWyI¿am
Poth® h’ciXw k hnap‡tcmKx.
tI{μ {XntImW \n[t\jp \ bky ]m]m
˛ BcpsS PmXIØnemtWm --tI{μßfnepw {XntImWßfnepw AjvSaØnepw
]m]∑m¿ C√mØXv;
e·m[n]x kpcKpcp› NXpjvSbÿu
˛ (BcpsS PmXIØnemtWm) e·m[n]\pw hymghpw tI{μØn¬ \n¬°p∂Xv;
kp]pWyI¿am ˛ (CXp c- pap≈) ]pWyhm\mb Ah≥
`p‡zm kpJm\n hnhn[m\n ˛ hfsc kpJßsf A\p`hn®v
hnap‡tcmK ˛ BtcmKyhm\mbn
PothXv h’ciXw ˛ \qdp h¿jw Pohn®ncn°pw.
(25)
{io]XypZocnXZim`ncYmjvSh¿§m˛
ZyXv ImeN{IZitbmUpZim{]ImcmXv
kayIv kv^pSm`nlXtbm {Inbbm f ]vXhmIym˛
cmbp¿_pt[m hZXp `qcn]co£bm N.
{io]Xn DZocnX Zim`nx ˛ {io]Xnbm¬ ]dbs∏´n´p≈ ZiIƒ
AjvSh¿§mXv ˛ AjvSh¿§Zi
ImeN{IZi ˛ ImeN{IZi
DUpZim {]ImcmXv ˛ \£{XZi XpSßnb Zimk{ºZmb߃
kayIv kv^pSm`nlXtbm {Inbbm ˛ kv^pS{Inb (Bbp¿§WnXw)
B]vXhmIymXv ˛ (Cu hnjbØnep≈) B]vXhmIy߃
XpSßnbhsb√mw ]cnKWn®pw
`qcn]co£bm ˛ hfsc {i≤n®pw
Bbpx _pt[m hZXp ˛ _p[∑m¿ Bbp p ]dbWw.
226
A≤ymbw 14
tcmKw, acWw, Ign™ P∑w, ASpØ P∑w (1)
tcmKky Nn¥ma]n tcmK`mh˛
ÿnssX¿{Kssl¿hm hybarXypkwssÿx
tcmtKizcmWma]n XZ\znssX¿hm
Zzn{XymZn kwhmZhimZv hZ¥p.
1. tcmK`mhÿnssXx {Ksslx ˛ Bdn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw
hybarXypkwssÿx ˛ ]{¥- ,v F´v `mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂
{Kl߃
tcmtKizcmWma]n ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]≥
XZ\znssX¿hm ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]t\mSpIqSn \n¬°p∂
{Kl߃
tcmKky Nn¥ma]n ˛ (Chscs°m- p thWw) tcmKNn¥ sNøm≥.
2 Zzn{XymZn kwhmZhimZv hZ¥p. ˛ CXn¬Øs∂ ct- m aqt∂m AXn¬-
°qSpXtem, tcmKkm≤yX kqNn∏n°p∂
{Klßfps- ¶n¬ B {IaØnepw --
tcmKNn¥ sNøWw.
A≤ymbw 1, t«mIw 13 {]Imcw tcmKÿm\w Bdmw`mhamWv. AX\pkcn®v,
Bdmw`mhm[n]≥, Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚IpsS \n¬--°p∂ {Kl߃, 6˛8˛12 Ifn¬ \n¬
--°p∂ {Kl߃ F∂nh tcmKImcWamImw. Htcm {Klhpw AhbpsS [¿Ωa\pkcn
®p≈ tcmKsØbmWv kqNn∏n°pI.
(2)
]ntØmjvWPzcXm]tZlX]\m(1)]kvamclrXvt{ImUP
hym[ov\z‡n chn¿ZrKm¿Xycn`bw XzKvtZmjaÿn{kpXnw
ImjvTm·ykv{Xhnjm¿Øn ZmcX\bhym]®Xpjv]mZv`bw
tNmc£vam]Xn[¿atZh^W`rZv`qtXi`qXw (2) `bw.
]mTt`Zw: (1) tZl]X\w (2) `qXmZv `bw
227
1. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw kqcy≥ BsW¶n¬:--˛˛ 1. ]ntØmjvWPzcXm]tZlX]\m(1)]kvamclrXvt{ImUPhym[ov≥....
]nØw DjvWw
Pzcw ˛ ]\n
Xm]w ˛ DjvWw
tZlX]\w - ˛ Np´p\o‰w
(tZl]X\w ˛ icocw hogvN ˛ kμ¿`Øn\p tbmPn°p∂n√.)
A]kvamcw
lrXvt{ImUPhym[n ˛ lrt{ZmKw,s\©ptcmKw (t{ImUw˛s\©v)
2. ZrKm¿Xycn`bw XzKvtZmjaÿn{kpXnw...
ZrKm¿Øn ˛ t\{XtcmKw -
Acn`bw ˛ i{Xpieyw
XzKvtZmjw ˛ XzIv tcmKw
Aÿn{kpXnw ˛ Aÿn{{khWw ˛ Aÿn{kmhw
3. ImjvTm·ykv{Xhnjm¿Øn ZmcX\bhym]®Xpjv]mZv `bw
ImjvT A·n Akv{X hnj B¿Øn...˛ acs°mºv, A·n, Akv{Xw (Bbp[w), hnjw
Zmc X\b hym]Xv NXpjv]mZv`bw ˛ -`mcy, a°ƒ, \m¬°menIƒ
4. tNmc£vam]Xn[¿atZh^W`rZv`qtXi`qXw `bw.
tNmc £vam]Xn [¿atZh ^W`rZv `qtXi`qXw...
˛ I≈∑m¿, cmPmhv, [¿Ω-ssZhw, \mK-tZ-h-X, inh≥ / inh-`q-X-߃
apXembhcpsS im]w / tIm]waqew tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.
(3)
\n{ZmekyI^mXnkmc]nSImx ioXPzcw N{μamx
{irwKy_vPmlXna·namμyacpNnw(1) tbmjnZvhyYmw Imanemw
tNXx {im¥nakrKznImcapZIm¤oXn© _me{KlmZv
Zp¿KmIn∂c[¿atZh^W`rZy£ym® `oXnw (2) htZXv.
]mTt`Zw: (1) IriXm. (2) ]oUmw
2. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw N{μ\msW¶n¬:--˛˛
1. \n{ZmekyI^mXnkmc]nSImx ioXPzcw N{μamx
\n{Z ˛ Dd°kw_‘-amb tcmK߃
Bekyw
I^w
AXnkmcw -˛ hb-dn-f°w
]nSI ˛ ]cp, Ipcp
ioXPzcw ˛ Hcp Xcw ]\n
2. {irwKy_vPmlXna·namμyacpNnw(1) tbmjnZvhyYmw Imanemw...
irwKn A_vPmlXn ˛ sImºp≈ arKßfpw PeP¥p°fpw aqew
A·namμyw ˛ Zl\°pdhv AcpNn ˛ cpNnbn√mbva
tbmjnZv hyYmw ˛ kv{Xo kw_-‘-amb ZpJ-߃
Imane ˛ a™-∏nØw
3. tNXx {im¥nakrKznImcapZIm¤oXn© _me{KlmZv
228
tNXx {im¥n ˛ a\ n\p / _p≤n°p amμyw
AkrIv hnImc ˛ c‡-ZqjywsIm-- p≈ tcmK-߃
DZ-ImXv `oXn ˛ Pe`bw -- -
_me{KlmXv ˛ _me{Klw aqew
4. Zp¿Km In∂c [¿atZh ^W`rXv b£ymXv ....
˛ Zp¿§, In∂c≥, [¿ΩssZhw, \mKtZhX, b£≥. apXembhcpsS im]w /
tIm]waqew tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.
(4)
XrjvWmkrt°m]]nØPzca\ehnjm˛
kv{Xm¿Xn IpjvTm£ntcmKm≥
Kpevam]kvamca÷mhnlXn]cpjXm˛
]manIm tZl`wKm≥
`q]mcnkvtX\]oUmwklPkpXkplr˛
ssZzcnbp≤w hn[sØ
ct£mK‘¿htLmc{Kl`bah\o˛
kq\p¿≤zmwKtcmKw.
3. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw IpP\msW¶n¬:--˛˛
1. XrjvWmkrt°m]]nØPzc....
XrjvWm ˛ AXnZmlw
AkrIv tIm]w ˛ c‡tZmjw
]nØPzcw ˛ ]nØ-kw-_-‘-amb ]\n
A\e hnj Akv{X B¿Øn ˛ A·n, hnjw, Akv{Xw
IpjvT A£ntcmKm≥ ˛ IpjvTw, t\{XtcmKw,
2. Kpevam]kvamca÷mhnlXn]cpjXm˛
Kpevaw ˛ Kp∑≥ (DZctcmKw)
A]kvamcw,
a÷mhnlXn ˛ a÷m\miw ]cpjXm ˛ am¿±-h-an-√mbva
]manIm ˛ sNmdn, Nncßv
tZl`wKw ˛ AwK-`wKw
3. `q]mcnkvtX\]oUmw...
`q]≥ ˛ cmPmhv,
Acn ˛ i{Xp,
kvtX\ ˛ Xkv°c≥
klP kpX kplrXv sshcnbp≤w˛ ktlmZc≥, a°ƒ, kplrØp°ƒ
(_‘p°ƒ)
4. ct£m K‘¿h tLmc{Kl.... ˛ c£ v, K‘¿Δ≥, tLmc{Klw
Du¿≤zmwKtcmKw. ˛ intcmtcmK߃ apXembhcpsS im]w / tIm]w aqew
tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.
(5)
{`m¥nw Zp¿hN\w ZrKmabKf{LmtWm∞tcmKw Pzcw
]nØt«jvakaocPw hnja]n XzKvtZmj]mfizmabm≥
229
Zpxkv]v\w N hnN¿NnIm·n]Xt\(1) ]mcpjy_‘{iam≥
K‘¿h£nXnl¿ayhmln`n-c]n (2) t⁄m h‡n ]oUmw {Ksslx.
]mTt`Zw:
(1) hnN¿®nImw \n]X\w
(2) K‘¿h£nXnl¿ayhmkn`n-c`nt⁄m
4. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw _p[\msW¶n¬:--˛˛
1. {`m¥nw Zp¿hN\w ZrKmabKf{LmtWm∞tcmKw
{`m¥nw ˛ am\-kn-I-hn-{`m¥n
Zp¿hN\w ˛ Zp¿`mjWw ZrKmabw ˛ t\{X-tcmKw
Kf{LmtWm∞ tcmKw ˛ IgpØn\pw aq°n\pw tcmKw,
Pzcw ˛ ]\n,
2. ]nØt«jvakaocPw hnja]n XzKvtZmj]mfizmabm≥
]nØt«jvakaocPw = ]nØ˛I^˛hmX ({XntZmj) tcmK߃
hnjw,
XzKvtZmjw ˛ Xzt{KmKw,
]mfizmabw ˛ ]m- ptcmKw
-3. Zpxkv]v\w N hnN¿NnIm·n]Xt\ ]mcpjy_‘{iam≥
Zpxkz]v\w
hnN¿NnIm ˛ sNmdn, Nncßv,
A·n]X\w ˛ A·n_m[, s]m≈¬
]mcpjyw _‘\w
{iaw ˛ A≤zm\w,
4. K‘¿h£nXnl¿ayhmkabp`nx t⁄m h‡n ]oUmw {Ksslx.
CXp icn°p a\- n-em-bn-√. hymJym-\-ßfnepw hyXym-k-ap-- v.
1. qan-bnepw amfn-I-I-fnepw hkn-°p∂ {Kl-ß-fpsS ]oU ˛˛ sIm√w]Xn∏v.
2. `qan-bn-ep≈ l¿ay-ß-fn¬ ([-\n-I-cpsS henb amfn-I-I-fn¬) ]m¿°p∂
In∂-cK-l-߃ _m[n-°pI ˛ sImSpß√q¿]Xn∏v.
(6)
Kp∑m{¥PzctimItamlI^Pt{im{Xm¿Xn talmabm≥
tZhÿm\\n[n{]]oU\alotZthiimt]mXv`hw
tcmKw In∂cb£tZh^W`rZznZym[cmZyp¤hw
Pohx kqNbXn kzbw _p[KpcpXvIrjvSm (1) ]Nmtcm¤hw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: _p[Kpcp IrjvWm]Nm-tcm-¤hw
5. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw KpcphmsW¶n¬:--˛˛
1. Kp∑m{¥PzctimItamlI^Pt{im{Xm¿Xn talmabm≥
Kp∑w ˛ Kp¬aw - ˛ πol hepXmI¬ --
B{¥w ˛ B{¥tcmKw, B{¥hmbp, B{¥ho°w
Pzcw,
timIw,
tamlw - ˛ tamlm-e-kyw (t_m-[-£-bw)
I^P ˛ I^P\y tcmK߃,
230
t{im{Xm¿Øn ˛ sNhn / tIƒhnkw_‘amb tcmK߃,
talmabm≥ ˛ {]talw
2. tZhÿm\\n[n{]]oU\alotZthiimt]mXv`hw...
˛tZhkz kw_-‘-amb {_m“Wim]w-aqew
3. In∂c b£ tZh ^W`rXv hnZym[cmZn...
˛ In∂c≥, b£≥, tZh≥, k¿∏w, hnZym[c∑m¿
4. _p[KpcpXvIrjvSm]Nmc..
˛ ⁄m\n-Iƒ, Kpcp\mY-∑m¿, DXvIr-jvS-cm-b-h¿ ({]m-b-°q-Sp-X-ep-≈-h¿)
apXembhcpsS im]w / tIm]w aqew tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.
..IrjvWm]Nm-tcm-¤hw F∂ ]mTØns‚ hymJym\w:
_p[≥ A\n-jvS-ÿm-\-ÿn-X-\m-bmepw hymgw A\n-jvS-ÿ-\m-bmepw IrjvWs\
BN-cn-°m-Ø-Xn-\mtem hn]-co-X-ambn BN-cn-®-Xn-\mtem D≈ tZmjw tcmK-I-c-W-am-Ip-
∂p-sh∂p ]d-b-Ww.
(7)
]mfip t«jvaacpXv{]tIm] \b\hym]Xv {]talmabm≥
Kplymkymab aq{XIr{O aZ\hym]Øn ip¢{kpXnw
hmckv{XoIrX (1) tZlIm¥nhnlXw timjmabw (2) tbmKn\o˛
b£oamXrKWmZv`bw {]nbkplr¤wKw knXx kqNtbXv
]mTt`Zw: (1) hmkkv{XoIrjn (2) tim^mabw
6. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw ip{I\msW¶n¬:--˛˛
1. ]mfip t«jvaacpXv{]tIm] \b\hym]Xv {]talmabm≥
]mfip ˛ ]m- ptcmKw, hnf¿®
t«jva acpXv {]tIm]w ˛ I^ hmX tZmj߃
\b\ hym]Xv ˛ t\{XtcmKw
{]talmabm≥ ˛ {]talw
2. Kplymkymabaq{XIr{OaZhym]Ønip¢{kpXnw
Kply Bky Bab ˛ KplytcmKßfpw apJ-tcm-K-ßfpw
aq{XIr{Ow ˛ aq{X-X-S w
aZ\hym]Øn ˛ ssewKn-I- {]iv\-߃
ip¢{kpXnw ˛ ip¢{kmhw 3. hmckv{XoIrXtZlIm¥nhnlXw timjmabw hmckv{XoIrXtZlIm¥n hnlXw thiymkwk¿§w-aqew tZlIm¥n \jvSs∏SpI
timjmabw -˛ saen®n¬, £b-tcmKw
--4. tbmKn\o b£o amXrKWmZ`bw ˛ tbmKn\n, b£n, amXrKW߃
{]nb kplr¤wKw
˛ {]nbkplrØns‚ \jvSw, acWw apXembh aqew
tcmKw / ZpcnXw/ `bw A\p`hn°pw.
]mTt`Z߃:
(1) hmkkv{XoIrjn ˛ hkv{X-߃ Iodntbm at‰m \in-°p-Itbm
ImWm-Xm-hp-Itbm sNbvI, `mcym-\m-iw, Irj-n\jvSw
(2) tim^mabw -˛ icocw \ocph∂p ho¿°pI
˛˛ {Klhpw kμ¿`-hpambn Ch c- pw HØp-t]m-Ip-∂n-√.
231
(8)
hmXt«jvahnImc ]mZhnlXn hym]Øn X{μo {iam≥
{`m¥nw Ip£ncpK¥cpjvW `qXI≤zwkw N ]izmlXnw
`mcym]p{Xhn]ØnawKhnlXnw lrØm]a¿ImfltPm
hr£miva£Xnaml IivaeKssWx ]oUmw ]nimNmZn`nx.
7. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw i\nbmsW¶n¬:--˛˛
1. hmXt«jvahnImc]mZhnlXnhym]ØnX{μo{iam≥
hmX ˛ t«jva hnImc ˛ hmXI^tcmK߃
]mZhnlXn ˛ ]mZ\jvSw (]wKp Hm¿°p-I)
hym]Øn ˛ B]-Øp-Iƒ, A]-I-S-߃
X{μo {iam≥ ˛ Bekyw, A≤zm\w
{`m¥nw Ip£ncpK¥cpjvW `qXI≤zwkw N ]izmlXnw
{`m¥nw ˛ hn{`m-¥n, {`m¥v,
Ip£ncpIv ˛ hb-dp-th-Z\
A¥cpjvW ˛ Dƒ®qSv
`qXI≤zwkw -˛ `r-Xy-\miw
]izmlXnw ˛ ]ip\miw
`mcym]p{Xhn]ØnawKhnlXnw lrØm]..
`mcym ]p{X hn]Øn ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw B]Øv
AwKhnlXnw ˛ AwK`wKw
lrØm] ˛ at\mthZ\
hr£miva£Xnaml
hr£ Aiva £Xnw ˛ acw / I√psIm- p apdnhv
IivaeKssWx ]oUmw ]nimNmZn`nx
.˛ ZpjvSi‡nIfptSbpw ]nim-Np-°-fp-tSbpw ]oU, D]-{Zhw
(9)
kz¿`m\p lrZnXm] (1) IpjvThnjahym[o≥ hnjw Ir{Xnaw
]mZm¿Ønw N ]nimN]∂K`bw `mcymX\qPm]Zw
{_“£{X (2) hntcm[i{XpP`bw tIXpkvXp kwkqNtbXv
t{]tXm∞© `bw hnjw N KpfntIm tZlm¿Øn (1) amiuNPw.
]mTt`Zw: (1) X\pXm] (2) {_“-t£{X (3) k¿∏m¿Øn
8. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw cmlphmsW¶n¬:--˛˛
1. lrZnXm]IpjvThnjahym[o≥ hnjw Ir{Xnaw
lrZnXm]w ˛ at\m-Zp-Jw, D≈n¬ Xo
IpjvTw
hnjahym[o≥ ˛ hn-ja (H∂p as‰m-∂n\p hncp≤amb) tcmK߃,
hnjw Ir{Xnaw ˛ kzm`m-hn-I-a-√mØ hnjw
232
2. ]mZm¿Ønw N ]nimN]∂K`bw `mcymX\qPm]Zw
]mZm¿Ønw ˛ ]mZtcmKw,
]nimN]∂K`bw ˛ ]nimNp`bw, k¿∏`bw,
`mcymX\qPm]Zw ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw B]Øv
9. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw tIXphmsW¶n¬:--˛
{_“£{Xhntcm[i{XpP`bw...
{_“£{Xhntcm[w ˛ {_m“Wcpw £{Xnbcpambp≈ hntcm[w,
i{XpP`bw ˛ i{Xp°fn¬\n∂p-ap≈ `bw
10. tcmKw / ZpcnXw kqNn∏n°p∂ {Klw KpfnI\msW¶n¬:--˛
t{]tXm∞© `bw hnjw N tZlm¿ØnamiuNPw
t{]tXm∞w ˛ t{]X_m[
hnjw ˛ hnj`bw,
tZlm¿Øn ˛ tcmK-߃
BiuNPw ˛ ]pe / hmembva
(th-- -s∏-´-h-cmtcm acn-°p-sa∂pw kqN-\.)
(10)
aμmcm\znXho£ntX hyb[t\
N{μmcpWu Nm£ncpIv˛
iucymbmwKnctkm bamcklnXm
ZrjvSm bZn t{im{XcpIv
tkmt{K ]©at` `thZpZccp˛
{K{‘mcn \mYm\zntX
XZz’]vXass\[t\ kKpZcpIv
ipt{I f Y Kplymabw.
1 aμ Bc A\znX ho£ntX - ˛ i\n, IpP≥ ChcpsS tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm
D≈
hyb [t\ ˛ ]{¥- ntem c- ntem \n¬°p∂
N{μ AcpWu ˛ N{μkqcy∑m¿
A£ncpIv ˛ t\{XtcmKw (kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂p).
2 iucyw Bbw ˛ aq∂,v ]Xns\m∂v `mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂
BwKnck ˛ hymgØn\v
ba Bc klnXm ZrjvSm ˛ i\nIpP∑mcpsS tbmKtam
ZrjvSntbm D- m-bm¬
t{im{XcpIv ˛ I¿ÆtcmKw
3 tkmt{K ]©at` `thXv DZccpIv ˛ A©mw `mhØn¬ ]m]{Kl߃
\n∂m¬ DZctcmKap- mIpw.
233
4 c{‘ Acn \mYm\zntX ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]\pw Bdmw`mhm[n]\pw
k]vXa ss\[t\ ˛ ({I-a-Øn¬) Ggnepw F´nepw \n∂m¬
KpZcpIv ˛ KpZtcmKw
6 k]vXa ss\[t\ ipt{IY ˛ ip{I≥ C{]-Imcw Ggntem F´ntem
\n∂m¬
Kplymabw ˛ Kply-tcm-Kw.
(11)
jjvtT f ¿t° f ]yYhmjvSta Pzc`bw
`uta N tItXm {hWw
ipt{I KplycpPw £bw kpcKpcu
atμ N hmXmabw
cmlu `ua(1) \nco£ntX N ]nSImw
tkμu i\u KpevaPw
£otWμu Pet`jp ]m]klntX
X’vtY f w_ptcmKw £bw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: aμ\nco£ntX
jjvtT AYhm AjvSta ˛ Bdntem F´ntem
1 A¿t° Pzc`bw ˛ kqcy≥ \n∂m¬ Pzc`bw.
2 `uta N tItXm {hWw ˛ IpPt\m tIXpthm \n∂m¬ {hWw
3 ipt{I KplycpPw ˛ ip{I≥ \n∂m¬ KplytcmKw
4 £bw kpcKpcu ˛ hymgw \n∂m¬ £bw
5 atμ hmXmabw ˛ i\n \n∂m¬ hmXtcmKw
6 cmlu `ua\nco£ntX ]nSImw ˛ IpPZrjvSntbmsS cmlp \n∂m¬ Ipcp°ƒ
7 kCμu i\u KpevaPw ˛ N{μt\mSpIqsS i\n \n∂m¬ Kpevaw
8 £otWμu Pet`jp ]m]klntX˛ £oWN{μ≥ ]m]tcmSpIqsS
PecminIfn¬ \n∂m¬
Aw_ptcmKw £bw ˛ PetZmjw, £bw.
(12)
PmtXm K—Xn tb\ tI\ acWw
ht£y f Y XXvImcWw
c{‘ssÿkvXZth£ssI¿_ehXm
Xtkym‡tcmssK¿arXnx
c{‘¿t£m‡cpPmYhm arXn]Xn˛
{]m]vX¿£tZmtjW hm
ct{‘ti\ Jc{Xn`mK]Xn\m
arXypw htZ∂n›nXw.
1 c{‘ssÿx ˛ F´n¬ -- \n¬°p∂ {Klw
XXv Ath£ssI ˛ F´ntebv°p t\m°p--∂ {Klw
_ehXm ˛ Chbn¬ tZmj_ew IqSpXep≈
{KltatXm
234
Xky D‡ ˛ AXn\p ]d-™n-´p≈
tcmssK arXn ˛ tcmKw acWImcWamIpw.
2 c{‘¿£ D‡ cpP ˛ F´n\p ]d™ tcmKw
AYhm ˛ As√-¶n¬
arXn]Xn {]m]vX¿£ ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂
cmin°p (cm-iym-[n-]-\p)
tZmtjW hm ˛ ]d™ tcmKw sIm- v (a-c-Ww)
3 ct{‘ti\ ˛ F´mw `mhm[n]\p ]d™ tcmKwsImt- m
Jc{Xn`mK]Xn\m ˛ Ccp]Ønc- mw t{Z°mWm[n]\p
]d™ tcmKwsImt- m
arXypw htZXv \n›nXw ˛ acWw \n›n-X-am-sW∂p ]d-bWw
(13)
{KtlW bpt‡ (1) \n[t\ XZp‡˛
tcmssK¿arXn¿hmY XZo£Iky (2)
{Kssl¿hnapt‡ \n[t\ f Y (3) Xky
cmtix kz`mthmZnXtZmjPmXm.
]mTt`Zw: (1) ZrjvtS (2) XZm{inXky (3) \n[t\izcky
1 \n[t\ ˛ F´mw `mhØn¬
- {KtlW bpt‡m ˛ {Klw \n¬°p∂ps- ¶n¬
XZp‡tcmssKx arXnx ˛ B {Klw kqNn∏n°p∂ tcmKwsIm- p
acWw (kw`hn°mw.)
F´n¬ {Kl-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬--˛˛
2 XXv Cu£Iky ˛ F´ntebv°p t\m°p∂
{KlØns‚ (tcmKhpw acWImcWamImw.)
Cu ]d-™ -hn-[-Øn-ep≈˛˛
3 {Ksslx hnapss‡x \n[t\ ˛ {Kl-km-∂n-≤y-sam-∂p-an-s√-¶n¬
Xky cmtix kz`mthmZnXtZmjPmXw.˛ B cmin°v (F-´mw-`m-h-amb cmin-°v)]d™n´p
≈ tZmj-߃sIm- p (acWw kw`-hn°mw.)
(14)
A·ypjvWPzc]nØikv{XPan\›t{μm hnjqNyw_pcp˛
Ky£vamZn £nXntPm f krPm N Zl\ £p{Zm`nNmcmbpss[x
]mfizmZn {`aPw _pt[m Kpcpc\mbmtk\ arXypw I^mXv
kv{XokwtKm∞cpPw IhnkvXp acpXm hm k∂n]mssXx i\nx.
(15)
IpjvtT\ hm Ir{Xna`£WmZzm
cmlp¿hnjmZzmY akqcnImssZyx
Ipcym—nJo Zp¿acWw \cmWmw
cnt]m¿hntcm[mZ]n IoSImssZyx
235
acWw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ {Klhpw ImcWamtb°mhp∂ tcmKhpw
1 Ct\m A·n DjvWPzc ]nØ ikv{XPw
˛ kqcy≥ : A·n, DjvWPzcw, ]nØw, Bbp[w
2 Nt{μm hnjqNyw_pcpIv b£vamZn
˛ N{μ≥ : hnjqNnI (tImfd), \o¿t±mjw, £bw
3 £nXntPm AkrPm N Zl\ £p{Zm`nNmcmbpss[x
˛ IP≥ c‡tZmjw, A·n-_m[ / DjvWtcmKw, B`nNmcw, Bbp[w
4 ]mfizmZn {`aPw _pt[m
˛ _p[≥ : ]mfiptcmKw, NnØ{`aw
5 Kpcp A\mbmtk\ arXypw, I^mXv
˛ Kpcp : acWw {]bm-k-an-√msX, I^tZmjw
vv6 kv{XokwtKm∞cpPw IhnkvXp
˛ ip{I≥ : ssewKnI-_‘w aqeap- mb tcmKw
7 acpXm hm k∂n]mssXx i\nx.
˛ i\n : hmXtcmKw, k∂n]mXPzcw
8 IpjvtT\ hm Ir{Xna `£WmZzmcmlp hnjmZzmY akqcnImssZyx
˛ cmlp : IpjvTw, Ir{Xna`£Ww, hnjw, hkqcn.
9 IpcymXv inJo Zp¿acWw \cmWmw cnt]m¿hntcm[mZ]n IoSImssZyx
˛ tIXp i{Xp°ƒ, IoS߃ aqeap- mIp∂ Zp¿ΩcWw
(16)
e·mZjvSacmti kz`mhtZmtjmZv`hw htZ∑rXypw hnZymXv
\n[t\iky \hmwiÿnXcmin \nanØtZmjP\nXw hm.
1 e·mXv AjvSacmti kz`mhtZmtjmZv`hw arXnw -
˛ e·m¬ F´mw `mh-Øns‚ kz`mhtZmja\pkcn®v acWw hcmw.
2 \n[t\iky \hmwiÿnXcmin \nanØtZmjP\nXw hm
˛ As√¶n¬ F´mw `mhm[n]s‚ \hmwicminbpsS tZmjwsIm- pw BImw
acWw.
(17)
ss]XyPztcmjvssW÷Tcm·n\mtP
hrtj {XntZmssj¿±l\m® ikv{XmXv
bpt‹ Xp Imkizkt\mjvWiqsse˛
cp∑mZhmXmcpNn`nx Ipfotc.
(18)
arKPzckvt^mSPi{XpPw lcu
kv{Xnbmw kv{XnbmKplycpPm {]]mX\mXv
Xpem[tc [oPzck∂n]mXPw
πolmfn]mfip{KlWocpPmfn\o.
236
(19)
hr£mw_pImjvTmbp[Pw lbmwtK
artKXp iqemcpNn[o{`amssZyx
Ipwt` Xp ImkPzcb£vatcmssK¿˛
Pte hn]Zzm PetcmKtXm f t¥y.
acWImcWw cminsIm- p Nn¥n°ptºmƒ
1 ss]Xy Pzc DjvssW PTcm·n\m --AtP
taSw ˛ ]nØtIm]w, ]\n, DjvWm[nIyw, PTcm·ntZmjw
2. hrtj {XntZmssjx Zl\mx N ikv{XmXv
CShw ˛ {XntZmjw, A·n, Bbp[w
3. bpt‹ Xp Imkizk\ DjvW iqsse
anYp\w ˛ Imkizmkw, DjvWtcmKw, iqe (DZm: DZ-c-iq-e ˛ hbdpthZ\)
4. D∑mZ hmX AcpNn`nx Ipfotc.
I¿°SIw ˛ NnØ{`aw, hmXw, AcpNn,
5. arK Pzc kvt^mSP i{XpPw lcu
Nnßw ˛ arK`bw, Pzcw, Ipcp, i{Xp]oU
6. kv{Xnbmw kv{Xnbm KplycpPm {]]mX\mXv
I∂n ˛ kv{Xo, KplytcmKw, hogvN
7. Xpem[tc [o Pzc k∂n]mXPw
Xpemw ˛ _p≤n{`aw, Pzcw, k∂n]mXw
8. πolmfn]mfip{KlWocpPmfn\o.
hr›nIw ˛ πolmtcmKw, ]mfip, {KlWn
9. hr£ Aw_p ImjvT Bbp[Pw lbmwtK
[\p ˛ hr£w, Pew, hndIv , Bbp[w,
10 artKXp iqemcpNn[o{`amssZyx
aIcw ˛ iqe, AcpNn, _p≤n{`aw
11. Ipwt` Xp ImkPzcb£vatcmssK¿˛
Ipw`w ˛ Imkw, Pzcw, cmPb£mhv (£bw),
12. Pte hn]Zzm PetcmKtXm f t¥y.
ao\w Pew ImcWambp≈ hn]Ø,v \o¿t±mj߃
(20)
]m]¿£bpt‡ \n[t\ k]mt]
ikv{Xm\ehym{L`pPwK]oUmw (1)
At\ym\yZrjvSu Zzyip`u ktI{μu
tIm]mXv {]t`m ikv{Xhnjm·nssP¿hm. ]mTt`Zw: `pPwKamssZy
1 ]m]¿£ bpt‡ \n[t\ - -
˛ AjvS-a`mhw ]m]-{K-l-Øn-s‚ cmin-bm-hp-Ibpw
(F´n¬ ]m]{Kl߃ \n¬°pIbpw F∂pw ImWp-∂p)
k]mt] ˛ AjvSam[n]Xn ]m]cpsS IqsS \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬
237
ikv{X A\e hym{L `pPwK ]oUmw
˛ Bbp[߃, A·n, ISph, k¿∏w ChbpsS ]oU aqehpw
2 At\ym\y ZrjvSu Zzb Aip`u ktI{μu˛
˛ tI{μßfn¬ \n¬°p∂ (c- p) ]m]∑m¿ ]ckv]cw t\m°pIbmsW¶n¬ --
tIm]mXv {]t`m ikv{Xhnjm·nssP¿hm
˛ {]`p(cm-P)tIm]w, Bbp[w, hnjw, A·n Chaqehpw (a-c-W-ap-- m-Ipw.)
(21)
kuaymwitI kuayKrtl f Y kuay˛
kw_‘tK hm £bt` £tbti
At¢iPmXw acWw \cmWmw
hykvtX XZm {IqcarXnw hZ¥n.
£bt` £tbti ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhØn\v / ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]Xn°v
kuayKrtl ˛ ip`{Kl-Øns‚ cmin-bn¬ ÿnXntbm
kuaymwitI ˛ ip`{Kl-Øns‚ cmin-bn¬ \hmwitam
kuaykw_‘tK hm ˛ ip`{Klhpambn _‘tam Ds- -¶n¬
At¢iPmXw acWw \cmWmw ˛ t¢ian√msX acn°pw.
hykvtX XZm ˛ CXn\p hn]-co-X-am-bm¬
{IqcarXnw hZ¥n ˛ Zb\obamb acWw ]d-bp-∂p.
(22)
tkzmt® kzant{X kXn kuayh¿t§
hybm[nt] tNm¿≤zKXnw kkutay
hn]cytb f t[mKXntah tINn˛
Zq¿≤zmky io¿tjmZbcmint`ZmXv.
hybm[nt] ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhm[n]\v
tkzmt® ˛ D®w,
kzant{X ˛ an{Xt£{Xw,
kuayh¿t§ ˛ ip`h¿§w,
kkutay ˛ ip`{KltbmKw
XpS-ßnb _e-ß-fp-s- -¶n¬
Du¿≤zKXnw ˛ Du¿≤zKXnbpw
hn]cytb ˛ CXn\p hn]coXambm¬
(ip`Øn\p ]Icw ]m]ambm¬) At[mKXnw Gh ˛ At[mKXnbpambncn°pw.
tINnXv Du¿≤zmky io¿tjmZbcmint`ZmXv.
˛ Nne¿ Du¿≤zapJ˛io¿tjmZbmZn
cminIsfs°m- pw (A.1, t«m.8)
CXp Nn¥n°mdp- v.
Du¿≤z-KXn ˛ Db¿∂ P∑w / kz¿§w. At[mKXn - ˛ Xmgv∂ P∑w / \cIw
238
(23)
ssIemkw chnioXKp `rKpkpX kz¿§w alotPm alow
sshIpWvTw iintPm btam ba]pcw kp{_“temIw Kpcpx
Zzo]m≥ ssZXyhcx (1) inJo Xp \ncbw kw{]m]tbXv {]mWn\mw
kw_‘mZvhyb\mbIky IYtbØ{Xm¥ycmiywiXx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: t`mKnhc
acWm\¥cKXn kw_‘mZv hyb\mbIky IYtbXv X{Xm¥ycmiywiXx.
˛ (kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb {Kl-߃°v) ]{¥-- mw-`m-hm-[n-]-\p-ambn _‘w
D- m-hp-Itbm, (Ah¿) ]{¥- mw`mh-amb cmin-bn¬ Awin-°p-Itbm
(Ah-cpsS \-hmwiw hcn-Itbm) sNbvXm¬, acWtijw˛˛
{Klw ˛ temIw
ssIemkw chnioXKp ˛ kqcy≥, N{μ≥ ssIemkw
alotPm alow ˛ IpP≥ `qan
sshIpWvTw iintPm ˛ _p[≥ sshIpWvTw
kp{_“temIw Kpcpx ˛ hymgw {_“temIw
`rKpkpX kz¿§w ˛ ip{I≥ kz¿§w
btam ba]pcw ˛ i\n batemIw
Zzo]m≥ ssZXyhcx ˛ cmlp Zzo]pIƒ
inJo Xp \ncbw ˛ tIXp \cIw
(F∂o temI-ßfn¬)
kw{]m]tbXv {]mWn\mw ˛ {]mWn-Iƒ (a-\p-jy¿) FØp-∂p.
Ign™ P∑-Ønse / hcpw P∑-Ønse Imcy-߃ Adn-bp-hm≥
(24)
[¿tΩiztcssWh ln ]q¿hP∑˛
hrØw `hnjy÷\\w kptXimXv
XZoiPmXnw XZ[njvTnX¿£˛
Zrim ln Xss{Xh XZoitZiw.
1 [¿tΩiztcssWh ]q¿hP∑hrØw
˛ HºXmw`mhm[n]s\s°m- v Ign™ P∑Ønse Imcy߃ ]-d-b-Ww;
`hnjy÷\\w kptXimXv
˛ ASpØ P∑Ønse Imcy߃ A©mw`mhm[n]s\s°m- pw ]-d-b-Ww.
2 XZoiPmXnw
˛ B `mhm-[n-]s‚ PmXn-sh®v PmXn ]d-b-Ww. (HºXmw`mhm[n]s\s°m- v
Ign™P∑Ønse PmXnbpw A©mw`mhm[n]s\s°m- v hcpw P∑Ønse PmXn-
bpw ]d-b-Ww.)
3 XZ[njvTnX E¿£ Zri ln Xss{Xh XZoitZiw.
˛ B {Klw (9/5 `mhm-[n-]-Xn) \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS tZi-tam,
AXns\ t\m°p∂ {KlØns‚ cmin-bpsS tZitam sh®v ÿew ]dbWw.
239
(25)
tkzmt® bZoti kXn tZh`qanw
Zzo]m¥cw \oNcn]pKrltÿ
kz¿t£ kplrZvt` kat` ÿntX hm
kw{]m]v\pbmXv `mcXh¿jtah.
4 (1) tkzmt® bZoti kXn tZh`qanw
˛ B {Klw (9/5 `mhm-[n-]≥) D®ØnemWv \n¬°p∂sX¶n¬ --tZh`qan (kz¿§w)
(2) Zzo (-Zo) ]m¥cw \oNcn]pKrltÿ
˛ \oNØntem i{Xpcminbntem BWv \n¬°p∂-sX-¶n¬ Zo]m¥cw
(3) kz¿t£ kplrZvt` kat` ÿntX hm kw{]m]v\pbmXv `mcXh¿jtah. ˛
B `mhm-[n-]≥ (9/5 `mhm-[n-]≥) kzt£{Xw, an{Xt£{Xw, kat£{Xw
Chbnsem∂n-emWp \n¬°p-∂sX¶n¬ `mcXh¿jw (]p-Wy-`q-an)
Ccp-]-Øn-\memw t«mIwapX¬ h¿Ø-am\P∑-Øn\v ]nºpw apºpw D≈ P∑-ß-
fnse Imcy-߃ ({]-[m-\-ambpw ASpØ P∑-Ønse hnti-j-߃) Is- -Øm-\p≈
am¿§ß-fmWp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. B t«mI-Øn¬ XZoi / XZ-[n-jvTnX F∂pw Cu t«m-I-
Øn¬ bZoti F∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv 5˛9 `mhm-[n-]-sc-°p-dn-®m-sW∂ Imcyw hy‡-hp-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ Cu t«mI-Ønepw 27, 28, 29 t«mI-ß-fnepw ]d-bp∂Xv GXp {Kl-sØ-°p-dn-
®mWv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ A`n-{]mbhyXymkhpw ImWp∂p- v. Cw•ojv hymJym-\-ß-ƒ
{]Imcw AXv 5˛9 `mhm-[n-]-cm-Wv; F∂m¬ sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏\pkcn-®v -AXp ]{¥- mw
`mhm-[n-]-\pw. sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ Ccp-]-Øn-b©mw t«mI-Øns‚ hymJym-\-Øn¬ ’ ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n]≥’ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-s- -¶nepw ]n∂o-Sp≈ t«mI-ß-fpsS hymJym-\-
Øn¬ ’ B A[n-]≥’ Ft∂ ]d-bp-∂p-≈q.) BZyw ]d-™- (5/9 `mhm-[n-]≥) BWv
kμ¿`-Øn\pw bp‡n°pw tNcpI F∂p tXm∂p-∂Xp-sIm- v B ho£-W-KXn A\p-
kcn®mWv ChnsS A¿∞w sImSp-°p-∂-Xv.
(26)
Bcymh¿Øw Kojv]tXx ]pWy\Zyx
Imthytμm› ⁄ky ]pWyÿem\n
]wtKm¿\nμym tæ—`qkvXo£`mt\m
ssiemcWyw IoISw `qanPky.
5 (1)Bcymh¿Øw Kojv]tXx
˛ (B 5/9 `mhm-[n-]≥)hymgamsW-¶n¬ Bcymh¿Øhpw
(2,3) ]pWy\Zyx Imthytμm› ˛ ip{I≥, N{μ≥ Ch¿°v ]pWy-Xo¿∞-ßfpw
(4) ⁄ky ]pWyÿem\n ˛ _p[\v ]pWy-ÿ-e-ßfpw
(5) ]wtKm¿\nμym ˛ i\n°p \nμy-amb ÿe-ßfpw
240
(6) tæ—`qx Xo£vW`mt\m ˛ kqcy\p tæ—amb ÿe-ßfpw
(7) ssiemcWyw IoISw `qanPky. IpP\p ae, ImSv, IoISwiv*
F∂n-h-bpw (]-d-b-Ww.)
*IoIS = Zcn-{Z-am-b, IoISw ˛ aK-[-Øns‚ Z£n-W-`mKw (i-_vZ-Xm-cm-h-en)
(27)
ÿntc ÿncmwim[nKXx k]m]x
]rjvtTmZtb f t[mapJt` N kwÿx
XZoiztcm hr£eXmZnP∑
kymZ\yYm PohbpXx icocn.
6 XZoiztcm ˛ B `mh-\m-Y≥
(1) ÿntc ÿncmwim[nKXx ˛ ÿnccminbntem /ÿnc\hmw-i-Øntem
-- (2) ]rjvtTmZb At[mapJt` N ˛ ]rjvtTmZbcmin-bntem /
At[mapJcmintem
(3) k]m]x ˛ ]m]s‚ IqsS
kwÿx ˛ \n¬°p-∂psh¶n¬ (1+2+3)
(I-gn™ P∑w / ASp-Ø-P-∑w)
hr£eXmZnP∑ ˛ hr£w, eX XpSßnbhbmbncn°pw.
kymXv A\yYm ˛ adn®msW¶n¬
(Ncw/io¿tjm-Zbw/Du¿≤z-apJ/ip`)
PohbpXx icocn. ˛ ssNX-\y-ap≈ Pohnbmbncn°pw.
(28)
et·inXpx tkzm®kplr’ztKtl
XZoiztcm bmXn a\pjyP∑ ˛
kta arKmx kyp¿hnlKmx ]ckvan≥
t{Z°mWcqss]c]n Nn¥\obw.
7. XZoiztcm...et·inXpx * ˛ B (5/9) `mhm[n]≥
tkzm®kplr’ztKtl -˛ e·m-[n-]s‚D®cminbntem, kz£{XØntem
an{Xt£{XØntem \n¬°p∂psh¶n¬
bmXn a\pjyP∑ ˛ AXp a\pjyP∑w Bbn-cn-°pw.
8. kta arKmx ˛ kat£{XØn¬ -- arKP∑hpw
9. ]ckvan≥ ˛ a‰p≈hbn¬ -- ]£nP∑hpw Bbn-cn°pw
t{Z°mWcqss]c]n Nn¥\obw ˛ t{Z°mWcq]wsIm- pw Cßns\ Nn¥n°mw.
241
(29)
XmthIcmiu P\\w kztZti
Xu Xpeyhocyu bZn Xpey PmXnx
h¿tÆm KpWkvXky JKky Xpeyx
kwt⁄mZnssXtch htZ’akvXw.
10. XmthIcmiu P\\w kztZti
˛ Ah¿ c- pt]cpw (A-©mw-`m-hm-[n-]\pw HºXmw`mhm-[n-]\pw)* \n¬°p-∂Xv
Htc cminbnemsW-¶n¬ P\\w kztZiØpXs∂bmbn-cn-°pw.
(* ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n-]\pw e·m-[n-]\pw F∂p sImSpß√p¿]Xn∏v.)
11. Xu Xpeyhocyu bZn Xpey PmXnx
˛Ah¿°p Xpey_eamsW¶n¬ XpeyPmXnbn¬Øs∂ P\n°pw.
12. h¿Æ KpW Xky JKky Xpeyx
˛ h¿Æhpw KpWhpw B {KlØns‚ h¿Æ˛KpW߃°p Xpey-am-bn-cn-°pw.
kwt⁄mZnssXtch htZ’akvXw.
˛ (C-ßs\) kw⁄Ifn¬
(cmin-`m-h-kw⁄m ˛ A≤ymbw 1, {Klkw⁄m ˛ A≤ymbw 2)
]d™n´p≈ Imcy-ßsf-√mw-Xs∂ ka-\z-bn-∏n-®p- ^ew ]d-bWw.
242
A≤ymbw 15
`mh-Nn-¥m-hn[n
(1)
`mhm-x k¿th ip`-]-Xn-bpXm ho£nXm hm ipt`ssix
XØZv `mhmx k--I-e-^-eZmx ]m]-Zr-tKym-K-lo\mx
]m]mx k¿th `h-\-]-X-b-t›-Zn-lm-lp-kvX-ssYh
tJssS-x k¿ssh-»p-`-^-e-anZw \oN-aq-Vmcn loss\x.
1 ip` ˛ ip`-{Klw,
]-Xn ˛ `mhm-[n-]Xn,
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
ipt`ssix - ˛ ip`-`m-hm-[n-]Xn-
bpXm ˛ \n¬°p-∂Xpw
ho£nXm ˛ ZrjvSn-sN-øp-∂Xpw Bbhbpw
]m]Zr-Iv -tbm-Klo\m ˛ ]m]-{K-l-Øns‚ ZrjvSn, tbm-Kw
(ÿn-Xn) Ch C√mØhbpw Bb
`mhmx k¿th k-I-e-^-eZmx ˛ k¿h`m-h-ßfpw kIe (ip`) ^e-ßfpw
Xcp-∂p.-
2 ]m]m-x k¿th ˛ ]m]-∑m¿
`h-\-]-Xbt›Zn XssYh ˛ `mhm[n]cmIptºmgpw Aßn-s\-Øs∂.
`mhm-[n-]Xn ]m]-{K-l-am-sW-¶nepw Cu \nbaw _m[-I-am-Wv. `mhm-[n-]-\mb
]m]s‚ ZrjvSn-tbm-K-߃ `mh-Øn\p tZmj-I-c-a-√;. `mhm-[n-]_‘w `mh-Øn\p
KpWta sNøq F∂p Xm¬]-cyw.
3 tJssS-x k¿ssh ˛ (1, 2 {]-Imcw ^e-{]-Z-ß-fmb `mh-ß-fp-ambn
_‘-s∏´) F√m {Kl-ßfpw
\oN- aq-V Acn loss\x ˛ \oNw, auVyw, i{Xp-t£-{X-ÿnXn
Ch Cs√-¶n¬
ip`-^-e-anZw ˛ ip`-^-ew \¬Ipw
243
(2)
.Xؤm-h-{Xn-tImtW kzkp-J-a-Z-\t`
Nmkv]tZ kuay-bpt‡
]m]m\mw ZrjvSn-lot\ `h-\-]-k-lnssXx
]m]-tJ-ssS-c-bpt‡
`mhm\mw ]pjvSn-am-lp-x k-I-e-ip-`-I-co˛
a\yYm tNXv {]Wmiw
an{iw anss{i¿{K-tl-ss{μ- -I-e-a]n XYm
aq¿Øn-`m-hm-[n-Im-\mw.
Hmtcm PmX-I-Ønepw `mh-߃°p {Kl-ß-fp-ambn hcp∂ _‘w `mh-^-esØ
Fßns\ kzm[o-\n-°p-sa-∂mWv Ign™ t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-™-Xv. t\cn´ _‘w-am-{X-a-√,
`mh-ß-fpsS tI{μßfnepw {XntImWßfnepw \n¬°p∂ {Kl-ßfpw `mh-^-esØ
_m[n-°p-sa∂v Cu t«mI-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
Xؤm-h ˛ AXmXp `mh-Øns‚ -
1. {Xn-tImtW -˛ {XntIm-W-Ønepw (5,9)
kzkp-J-a-Z-\t` Nmkv]tZ ˛ kz (2), kpJ (4), aZ\ (7), Bkv]Z (10)
`mh-ß-fnepw
kuay-bpt‡ ˛ ip`-∑m¿ \n¬°pI
2. ]m]m\mw ZrjvSn-lot\ ˛ ]m]-Zr-jvSn-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°pI
3. h-\-]-k-lnssXx ˛ `mhm-[n-]ÿnXn D- m-hpI
4. ]m]-tJ-ssS- Abpt‡ ˛ ]m]-{K-l-߃ C√m-Xn-cn-°pI
k-I-e-ip-`-I-co ˛ Cßs\ kI-ew -ip-`-I-c-ambm¬
`mhm\mw ]pjvSn-am-lp- ˛ `mh-]pjvSn ]d-bWw
A\yYm tNXv {]Wmiw ˛ Aßns\ As√-¶n¬ `mh-\miw.
an{iw anss{i ˛ an{i-am-sW-¶n¬ an{i^ew.
aq¿Øn-`m-hm-[n-Im-\mw ˛ e·w apX-emb `mh-ßsf
{K-tl-ss{μx -k-I-e-a]n XYm˛ (Cßs\bpw) {Kl-ß-fp-ambn
tN¿Øp Nn-¥n-°-Ww.
(3)
\mi-ÿm-\-KtXm Znhm-I-c-I-ssc¿˛
ep_v[kvXp b¤m-ht]m
\oNm-cm-Xn-Krlw KtXm bZn `thXv
kussay-c-bp-t‡-£nXx
X¤m-hky hn\m-i\w hnX-\ptX
XmZr-Kzn [m-t\ym f kvXn-tN˛
ؤmth f ]n ^e-{]tZm \ln (1) ip`˛
t›∂mi-ap-{K-{K-lx.
v (1) ]mT-t`Zw : \ ln
Hcp PmX-I-Ønse ÿnXn-sIm- v `mh-\m-Y-\mb {Kl-Øn\p hcp∂ _ehpw _e-
°p-dhpw `mhsØ Fßns\ _m[n-°p-sa-∂mWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
244
Hcp `mh-\m-Y\v
1. 1. \mi-ÿm-\-KtXm ˛ \mi-ÿm-\Øn¬ (8-˛¬) ÿnXn
2 Znhm-I-c-I-sscx ep_v[kvXp ˛ kqcy-c-ivan-I-sf-s°m- v ad-hv (au-Vy-w)
3 \oNm-cm-Xn-Krlw ˛ \oNØntem i{Xp-cm-in-bntem ÿnXn
4 kussay-x Abp-‡ Cu-£nXx ˛ kuay-{K-l-ß-fpsS tbmK-Zr-jvSn-I-fn-√mXn-cn-
°pI (Cßns\ h∂m¬)
X¤m-hky hn\m-i\w hnX-\ptX ˛ B (`mh-\mYs‚) `mh-Øn\p \miw
kw`-hn°p∂p.
2. XmZr-Kznt[m At\ymkvXn -tNؤmth A]n ^e-{]tZm
˛ t\scadn-®m-sW-¶n¬ ^ehpw adn-®m-bn-cn-°pw. (ip-`-am-bn-cn°pw.)
3. \ln ( \ ln) ip`t›Xv \mi-w D-{K-{K-lx.
˛ ip`\msW-¶n¬ ]m]-s‚ A{X tZmjw sNøpIbn-√.*
* sIm√w]Xn∏pam{Xta Cu A¿∞hpambn tbmPn°pp∂p≈p. (I]qdns‚ hymJym
-\-Øn\p hy‡X Ipd-hm-Wv. a‰p c- p hymJym-\-ßfpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ \n»-_vZhp-am-Wv.)
AsX-¥m-bm-epw, ]m]-∑mcpw Zpÿm-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w, ip`-∑mcpw Zpÿm-\-ß-fp-am-
bp≈ _‘tØ°mƒ tZmj-I-c-am-sW∂v t«mIw 19˛¬ hy‡-am°p-∂p-- v.
(4)
e·m-Zn-`mhm{Zn]p-c-{‘-cnxt^
]m]-{K-lm-kvXZv`--h-\m-Zn-\miw
kuaymkvXp \mXy-¥-^-e-{]Zmx kyq¿˛
`mhm-[n-Im\mw ^e-ta-h-am-lpx.
e·m-Zn-`mhmXv ˛ e·w XpS-ßnb `mh-ß-fn¬\n∂v
cn]p-c-{‘-cnxt^ ˛ 6˛8-˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬
]m]-{K-lmXv - ˛ ]m-]-∑m¿ \n∂m¬
-X-Xv `-h-\m-Zn-\miw ˛ B `mh-Øn\p \miw D-- m-Ip-∂p.
kuaymkvXp ˛ ip-`{K-lßfm-Is´
\mXy-¥-^-e-{]Zmx kyq ˛ (A-hn-sS) A[nIw -^-e-{]Zcpa-√.
`mhm-[n-Im\mw ˛ `mh-ß-fpsS
^e-ta-h-am-lpx ˛ ^ew C{]-Imcw ]d-b-Ww.
(t«mIw 19 IqSn ImWpI).
(5)
b¤m-h-\mtYm cn]p-c-{‘-cnxt^
Zpxÿm-\t]m b¤-h-\-ÿntXm hm
X¤m-h-\miw IY-b¥n X⁄mx
ipt`-£n-X-kvX-Zv`-h-\ky kuJyw.
b¤m-h-\mtYm ˛ bmsXmcp `mh-\m-Y≥
cn]p-c-{‘-cnxt^ ˛ 6˛8-˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂pthm
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
Zpxÿm-\t]m ˛ Zpxÿm-\ (6-˛8-˛12) \mY-∑m¿
245
b¤-h-\-ÿntXm ˛ bmsXmcp `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂pthm
X¤m-h-\miw ˛ B `mh-Øn\p \miw
IY-b¥n ˛ ]d-bp-∂p.
ipt`-£n-X- ˛ ip`-Zr-jvSn-bp-≈
X-¤-h-\ky ˛ `mh-Øn\p
kuJyw ˛ kuJyw D- m-Ip-∂p.
Hcp `mh-Øn\p ip`-Zr-jvSnbp-s- -¶n¬ AXv AXns‚ Zpÿm-\-_-‘-Øn\p ]cn-lm-
c-am-Ip-sa∂p-am-{X-a√, ip`-I-c-hp-amIw F∂p kqN-\.
(6)
`mhm-[oti N `mth kXn _e-c-lntX
N {Ktl Imc-ImtJy
]m]m-¥tÿ N ]mss]-c-cn-`n-c]n kta˛
tXjn-tX \m\ytJssSx
]mss]-kvX-Zv_-‘p-ar-Xyp-hy-b-`-h-\-K-ssX˛
kvX{Xn-tIm-W-ÿn-ssX¿hm
hmNym X¤m-h-lm\nx kv^pS-an-l- `-hXn
Zzn{Xn-kw-hm-Z-`m-hmXv.
`mhm-[oti N `mth Imc-ImtJy ˛ `mhm-[oi\pw `mh-Øn\pw Imc-I{Kl-Øn\pw
1. _e-c-lntX N ˛ _e-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-I,
2. ]m]m-¥tÿ ˛ ]m]-a-≤y-ÿn-Xn,
3. ]mss]-x A-cn-`nx ˛ ]m]-∑m-cp-sStbm i{Xp-°-fp-sStbm
ktatX Cujn-tX tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm D- m-hp-I,
5. A\y tJssSx ˛ a‰p≈ {Kl-ß-fpsS
(ip`-cpsStbm an{X-ß-fp-sStbm)
tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm C√m-Xn-cn-°p-I
v6. ]mss]- ˛ ]m]-∑m¿
XXv _-‘p- ar-Xyp- hy-b -`-h-\-K-ssX˛ AXns‚ 4, 8, 12 `mh-ßfn¬ \n¬°pI,
7. XXv {Xn-tIm-W-ÿn-ssXx hm ˛ As√-¶n¬ AXns‚ 5, 9 `mh-ß-fn¬
\n¬°pI,
hmNym X¤m-h-lm\nx ˛ (Ch-sb√mw) B `mhsØ l\n-°p∂Xmbn
]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p
l\n-°pI F∂Xn\v ChnsS tZmj-I-camWv F∂ A¿∞w FSp-Øm¬ aXn.
ImcWw Cu tZmj-߃ Hmtcm∂pw Htcm Xc-Ø-nemWv Hcp `mhsØ _m[n-°p-I. `mh-
\m-Ys‚ an{X-i-{Xp-°ƒ Xs∂-bmWv `mh-Øns‚ an{X-i-{X-°fpw.
Zzn {Xn kw-hm-Z-`m-hm-Xv kv^pS-anl `hXn ˛ ta¬∏-d™ c- p aq∂p Imcy-߃
HØp-h-∂m¬ `mh-\miw (tZm-j-^-ew)
Dd-∏m-Wv.
246
(7)
XØZv `m--h-]-cm-`-th-iz-c-J-c-t{Z-°m-W]m Zp¿_em
`mhm-cy-jvS-a-Im-aKm \nP-Z-imbmw `mh-\m-i-{]Zmx
]m]m `mh-Kr-lmXv {Xni-{Xp-`-hKmx tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-tW -ip`m
hocymVyx Jep `mh-\m-Y-kp-lrtZm `mhky kn≤n-{]Zmx.
XØ-¤m-h ˛ Hcp `mh-Øns‚
-1. ]-cm-`-th-iz-c ˛ AjvS-am-[n-]\pw
- J-c-t{Z-°m-W]m ˛ 22-˛mw t{Z-°m-Wm[n]\pw
Zp¿_em ˛ Zp¿∫e-cm-bn
`mhmXv Acn AjvSa ImaKm ˛ B `mh-Øns‚ 6-, 8, 7 cminIfn¬ \n∂m¬
\nP-Z-imbmw ˛ Ah-cpsS Zi-bn¬
`mh-\m-i-{]Zmx ˛ B `mhØn\p -tZmjw sNøp-w.
2. (1) ]m]m `mh-Kr-lmXv {Xni-{Xp-`-hKmx˛ `mh-Øn¬\n∂v 3, 6, 11 cmin-Ifn¬
\n¬°p∂ ]m]-∑mcpw
(2)tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-tW -ip`m hocymVyx _e-hm-∑m-cmbn
(`m-h-Øn¬\n-∂v) tI{μßfntem (1,4,7,10)
{Xn-tIm-Wßfntem ( 1,5,9 ) \n¬°p∂
ip`-∑mcpw,
2(3) hocymVyx `mh-\m-Y kp-lrtZm ˛ `mh-\m-Y‚ (_-e-hm-∑m-cm-b) an{X-ßfpw
(A-h-cpsS Zim-]-lm-c-ß-fn¬)
`mhky kn≤n-{]Zmx. ˛ `mh-kn-≤n°p Imc-W-am-Ipw.
(`m-h-Øns‚ KpW^ew A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.)
(8)
cmtiym¿÷-∑-hn-e-·-tbm¿ar-Xn-]-Xn¿ (1) arXyp-ÿ -X-Zzo-£tIm
aμ-{IqcZrKmWt]m Kpfn-I-]kvssXcp‡-cm-iyw-i]x
cmlp-ss›jp kpZp¿_-e-x k P-\t\ `mth- f \-`o-jvtS- ÿnXx
]m]m-tem-In-X-kw-bptXm \nP-Z-imbmw `mh-\m-im-hlx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: [rXn]Xn (aq∂mw `mhm[n]Xn) *.
cmtiym -P-∑- hn-e-·-tbmx ˛ N{μmtem e·mtem
1 ar-Xn-]-Xnx * ˛ F´mw `mhm-[n-]Xn
2 arXyp-ÿ ˛ F´n¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw
-3 ho-£tIm ˛ F´n¬ t\m°p∂ {Klw
4 aμ ˛ i\n
5 -{Iq-cZrKmWt]m ˛ 22-˛mwt{Z°-Wm-[n-]≥
6 Kpfn-I-]x ˛ Kpfn-I-≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS A[n-]≥
7 ssX¿bp‡-cm-iyw-i]x ˛ Cu {Kl-߃ \n¬°p∂ cminIfpsS -\m-Y-
∑mcpw Awi-In® cmin-IfpsS \m-Y-∑mcpw
8 cmlp-ss›jp ˛ cmlphpw
247
- P-\t\ kpZp¿∫-e ˛ Ch-cn¬ P\-\-k-a-bØp Zp¿∫-ecpw
`mth- A\-`o-jvtS -ÿnXx ˛ tZmj-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ (e-·m¬ 6˛8-˛12)
\n¬°p-∂-hcpw
]m]m-tem-In-X- ˛ ]m]ZrjvSn-bp-≈-hcpw
]m]kw-bptXm ˛ ]m]-tbm-K-ap-≈-hcpw
\nP-Z-imbmw `mh-\m-im-hlx ˛ Xß-fpsS Zi-I-fn¬ `mh-\miw sNøpw.
* c- v DØtc¥y≥ ]Xn∏pIfnepw arXn]Xn°p ]Icw [rXn]Xn BWv sImSp
Øn´p≈Xv. 3-˛6-˛11 `mh-ßsf Zpÿm-\-ß-fmbn ImWp∂ ]cm-i-c-tlmc XpS-ßnb {KŸ-
߃ {]Imcw AXp icnbp-am-Imw. F∂m¬ ^e-Zo-]nI 1 : 17 {]Imcw 6˛8-˛12 `mh-ß-fmWv
Zpÿm-\-߃. AXp-{]-Imcw F´mw-`m-h-amWv kμ¿`-Øn\p tbmPn-°p-I.
(9)
`mh-tkym-Z-b-]m-{in-Xky Ipiew
b¤m-h-t]-t\m-Z-b˛
kzmao XnjvTXn kwbp-tXm]n Ie-tb-˛
Ø-Zv`m-h-PmXw ^ew
Zpÿmt\ hn]-co-X-ta-X-Zp-ZnXw
`mthiztc Zp¿_te
tZmtjm -f Xoh `thXv _te\ klntX
tZmjm-¬]Xm P¬]nXm.
1. `mh-ky D-Z-b-] B-{in-Xky Ipiew
˛ e·m-[n-]≥ GXp `mh-Øn-en-cp-∂mepw B `mh-Øn\p Ipi-e-am-Wv.
2. bXv `m-h-t]-\ DZ-bkzman XnjvTXn kwbp-tXm]n
˛ e·m[n]≥ GXp `mh-\m-Y-t\mSpIqsS \nev°p-∂p-thm,
Ie-tb-Xv XXv -`m-h-PmXw ^ew
˛ B `mhw AXns‚ ^ew \¬-Ip-∂p.
3. Zpÿmt\ hn]-co-X-ta-X-Zp-ZnXw
˛ (`m-hm-[n-]≥ \n¬°p-∂Xv) Zpÿm-\-Øm-sW-¶n¬ (6-˛8-˛12) hn]-co-X-^ew
]d-b-Ww.
4. `mthiztc Zp¿_te tZmjx A-Xoh `thXv
˛ `mh-\m-Y≥ Zp¿∫-e-\m-sW-¶n¬ AXohtZmjw `hn-°pw.
5. _te\ klntX tZmjm-ev]Xm Pev]nXm
˛ _e-hm-\m-sW-¶n¬ tZmj-^ew Ipd-bpw F∂pw ]d-bs∏´n-cn-°p-∂p.
(10)
b¤m-th-jz-ipt`m f ]n tNmZ-b-]Xnx
X¤m-h-hr≤nw ZntiZv
Zpxÿm-\m-[n-]-Xnx k -tN-ZyZn Xt\mx
{]m_eya-\yky \
At{Xm-Zm-l-cWw IptP kpX-KtX
knwtl Qtj hm ÿntX
]p{Xm]vXnw ip`-ho-£ntX QSnXn XXv˛
{]m]vXnw hZ-¥yp-Ø-amx.
248
1. bXv `m-th-jp Aip`x A]n N DZ-b-]Xnx XXv `m-h-hr≤nw ZntiXv
˛ ]m]-{K-lam-bn-cp-∂mepw e·m-[n-]Xn Xm≥ \n¬°p∂ `mh-Øn\p A`nhr≤n
\¬Ipw.
2. Zpxÿm-\m-[n-]-Xn- kx -tN-Xv bZn Xt\mx {]m_eya-\yky \
˛ e·m-[n-]\p Zpÿm-\m-[n-]-Xyw-IqSn hcp∂ kμ¿`-ß-fnepw- e·m[n-]-Xy-Øns‚
A\p-Iqe-^-e-a-√msX Zpÿm-\m[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ tZmj- ew - ew sNøpIbn-√.
A{X DZm-l-cWw ˛ DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v
IptP kpX-KtX knwtl Qtj hm ÿntX ]p{Xm]vXnw
˛ IpP≥ A©n¬, NnßØn¬ As√-¶n¬ ao\-Øn¬, \n∂m¬ ]p{X-P-\\w ]d-b-
Ww. ({Kl-ß-fpsS e·m-[n-]Xy_ew Zpÿm\m[n-]-XytZmj-tØ-°mƒ {]_-e-am-
sW∂p kmcw)
ip`-ho-£ntX QSnXn XXv {]m]vXnw hZ-¥n DØ-amx.
˛ ip`-Zr-jvSn-bp-s- -¶n¬, Xma-k-an-√msX ]p{X-P-\-\-ap-- m-Ip-sa∂v BNm-cy-∑m¿
]d-bp-∂p.
hni-Zo-I-cWw:
taSw e·w. e·m-[n-]≥ IpP≥. IpP\v hr›n-I-cm-in-bpsS B[n]Xyw-Iq-Sn-bp-
- -t√m. hr›nIw ChnsS F´mw-`mhamWv, F´mw-`mhw Zpÿm-\--am-b-Xn-\m¬ IpP\p
Zpÿm-\m-[n-]-Xyw-IqSn D- v. IpP≥ \n¬°p-∂Xv A©mw`mh-amb Nnß-Øn¬. Zpÿm-
\m-[n-]-Xy-ap≈ ]m]-\m-b -Ip-Ps‚ ]p{X-`m-h-Ønse ÿnXn a°ƒ D- m-In√ F∂m-tWm
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂ Hcp kwibw tXm∂mw. e·m-[n-]s‚ A©nse A\p-IqeÿnXn
]p{X-Kp-Wm-\p-`-h-amWp ImWn-°p-∂-sX∂pw B IpP\p ip`-Zr-jvSn-IqSn Ds- -¶n¬ Ime -
Xm-aktam {]bm-ktam IqSmsX thK-Øn¬ ]p{X-∑m-¿ D- mIp-sa∂pw ]d-b-Ww. Hcp
{Klw A\p-Iq-e-am-bm¬am-{Xw- t]m-cm, A\p-Iq-e-^ew \¬Im≥ Bh-iy-amb {Kl-_-ew-
IqSn AXn-\p-- m-I-Ww F∂XpIqSn ChnsS kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
(11)
Zznÿm-\m-[n-]-Xn-Xz-akvXn bZn tNXv
∑pJyw {XntIm-W¿£Pw
Xkym¿≤w kzKr-tl f Y ]q¿h-ap-`-tbm˛
cyر-imZu htZXv.
]›m-Zv`m-h-an-lm-]-cm¿≤-k-atb
bpt‹ Krtl bp‹Pw
tXzmPtÿ kXn -tNm-P-`m-h-P-^ew
iwk¥n tINn-÷-\mx.
Ggp {Kl-ß-fn¬ A©p Xmcm-{K-l-߃°pw Cuc- p hoXw cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-
Xy-ap-- v. B {Kl-Øns‚ Zi-bn¬ Cu c- p cmin-I-fn¬ GXns‚ ^e-amWv ][m-\-
ambpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I, GXns‚ ^eamWv BZy-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-SpI XpS-ßnb kwi-b-
߃°p≈ adp-]-Sn-bmWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
249
Zznÿm-\m-[n-]-Xn-Xzw A-kvXn bZn tNXv
˛ c- v `mh-ß-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈ {Kl-am-sW-¶n¬ (AXns‚ Zi-bn¬)
1. apJyw {XntIm-W¿£`w
˛ apJy-ambpw (H∂mw ÿm\-Øv) A\p-`-h-s∏-SpI-. AXns‚ aqe{XntIm-W
cminbmb `mhØns‚ ^eßfmWv.
Xkym¿≤w kzKr-tl
˛ AXns‚ ]IpXn (c-- mw-ÿm\Øv) kzt£-{Xwam{X-amb `mh-Øns‚ ^ehpw
A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-w.
2. ]q¿h-w D`-tbmx bXv ZimZu htZXv
˛ Cu c- p cmin-I-fpsS Zi-I-fn¬ BZyw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ta¬∏-d-™-
Xns‚ (aq-e-{Xn-tIm-W-cmin-bpsS) ^e-ß-fm-Wv.
]›m-Zv`m-hw C-l A]-cm¿≤-k-atb
˛c-- m-asØ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ at‰ `mh-Øns‚ ^e-ßfpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw.
3. bpt‹ Krtl bp‹Pw
˛ (B {Klw \n¬°p-∂Xv) bp‹-cm-in-bn-em- sW-¶n¬ B cmin-bn¬ hcp∂
`mh-Øns‚ ^ehpw
HmPtÿ kXn-tNm-P-`m-h-P-^ew
˛ HmP-cm-in-bn-em-sW-¶n¬ B cmin-bn¬ hcp∂ `mh-Øns‚ ^ehpw
iwk¥n tINn-÷-\mx.
˛ BZyw hcp-sa-∂mWv Nne-cpsS A`n-{]m-bw.
(12)
b¤m-th-i-kym-Xn-i-{Xp-{Ktl hm
tbm hm tJtSm _nμp-iq-\y¿£-bp‡x
XØXv`mth aq¿Øn-`m-hm-Zn-Im\mw
\miw {_qbm-ss±-hhnXv {]miv\nIw ln.
ÿnXn-sIm- v XnI®pw Zp¿∫-ec-mb {Kl-߃, DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v,
bXv `m-th-i-ky AXn-i-{Xp-{Ktl ˛ Xs‚ AXn-i-{Xpt-£-{X-amb `mh-Øn¬
\n¬°p∂ {Klw (2: 23)
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
tbm tJtSm _nμp-iq-\y¿£-bp‡x˛ AjvS-I-h¿§-Øn¬ X\n°p _nμp°sfm
∂pw C√mØ cminbn-¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw
(A-≤ymbw 23, 24)
(Ch Ah-bpsS Zi-bn¬)
XXv XXv `m-th aq¿Øn-`m-hm-Zn-Im\mw ˛ (Ah \n¬°p∂) e·w-Xp-S-ßnb AXmXp
`mh-ß-fpsS
\miw {_qbm-Xv ˛ \miw sNøp-sa∂p ]d-b-Ww.
(13)
tkzss®x kp-lr-Xvt£-{X-K-ssXx {K-tlss{μx
jUv`n¿∫-ssex ap-Jy-^-em-\zn-tXm f ]n
k‘u ÿnXx k-∂ -^-e-{]Zx kym˛
tZhw hnNn-¥ym f -{X -h-tZ-Zzn-]-mtI.
250
Hcp `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw AXns‚ Zi-bn¬ F{X-am{Xw `mh-^ew \¬Ipw
F∂-Xns‚ hni-Zo-I-cWw:˛˛
kzD®- kp-lr-Xvt£-{X -K-ssX {Ktlss{μx- ˛ {Kl-߃ kz¥w D®-cm-in, an-{X-t£{Xw
XpS-ßnbh-bn-¬ \n∂mepw
jUv`nx _ssex ap-Jy-^-em- A\znX A]n ˛ jUv_eß-ƒ XpS-ßnb apJy ^e-ti-jn-
Iƒ Ccp-∂mepw
k‘u ÿnX- ˛ `mh-k-‘n-bn-emWp ÿnXn-sb-¶n¬
kx \ ^-e-{]-Zx ˛ H´pw- ^-e-{]-Z-c√. (AXp \n¬°p∂ `mh-
Øns‚ ^ew Xcm≥ AXn\p Xosc
Ign-bp-I-bn-√.)
kymXv Ghw hnNn-¥y A-{X- h-tZXv hn--]m-tI˛ F∂ Imcyw-IqSn Nn¥n®p thWw ^e߃
]d-bphm≥.
hn]mIw ˛ (I¿Ω-^-e-Øns‚) A\p-`-h-tbm-Ky-amb Ah-ÿ. Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬, {Kl-Zi.
(14)
`mthjp `mh-kv^p-S-Xp-ey-`mKx
X¤m-hPw ]q¿Æ-^ew hn[tØ
k‘u ^ew \mkvXn XZ-¥-cmtf
Nnt¥ym- f \p-]mXx Jep tJN-cm-Wmw.
1. `mthjp `mh-kv^p-S-Xp-ey-`mKx ˛ {Kl-ßfpsS `mh-ß-fnse ÿnXn `mh-
kv^p-SØn\p -Xp-ey-amsW¶n¬,
`mh-kv^p-Shpw {Kl-kv^p-Shpw H∂m-sW-¶n¬,
X¤m-hPw ]q¿Æ-^ew hn[tØ ˛ B `mh-Ønse ÿnXn-sIm- v B {Klw
\¬tI- ^ew ]q¿Æ-ambpw \¬Ipw.
2 k‘u ^ew \mkvXn ˛ `mh-k-‘n-I-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃ Hcp
KpWhpw sNøpIbn-√.
3 XZ-¥-cmtf Nn¥y A-\p-]mXx Jep tJN-cm-Wmw
˛ `mh-a-≤y-Øn\pw `mh-k-‘n°pw CS-bn-ep≈ {Kl-ÿn-Xn°v Cu A\p-]m-XØn¬
Nn¥n®p ^ew ]d-b-Ww.
(15)
kqcym-Zm-fl-]n-Xr-{]-`m-h-hn-cpPmw i‡nw {inbw Nn¥-tb˛
t®tXm-_p-≤n-\r-]-{]-km-Z-P-\-\o-k-ºXvIc-›{μax (1)
kXzw tcmK-Kp-Wm-\p-Pm-h-\n-cn-]p-⁄m-Xo≥ [cm-kq-\p\m
hnZym-_-‘p-hn-th-I-am-Xp-e-kp-lrZzm°¿ΩIrZv t_m[-\x. (1) ]mTt`Zw: N{μXx
(16)
{]⁄m-hn-Ø-i-co-c-]pjvSnX\-b-⁄m-\m\n hmKo-iz-cmXv
]Xv\o-hm-l-\-`q-j-Wm\n aZ\-hym-]m-c-kuJyw `rtKmx
Bbp¿÷o-h-\-ar-Xyp-Im-c-W-hn-]Zv`rXym› aμm-Zz-tZXv
k¿t∏-ssWh ]nXm-a-l¥pinJn\m amXm-alw Nn¥-tb-Xv.
251
{Kl-ß-sf-s°m- p Nn¥n-t°- hnj-b-߃
1 kqcym-Xv ˛ kqcy-s\-s°m- v
Bfl- ˛ Bflmhv
]n-Xr ˛ A—≥
- {]-`m-h- ˛ - {]-`m-hw
hn-cpPmw ˛ BtcmKyw
i‡nw ˛ _ew
{inbw ˛ sFizcyw
Nn¥-tbXv ˛ (F∂nh) Nn¥n-°-Ww.
2 N{μakv (N{μXx) ˛ N{μ-s\-s°m- v
tNXx ˛ a\ v
\r-]-{]-km-Z ˛ cmP{]oXn
-P-\-\o ˛ AΩ
- k-ºXv°c ˛ kºØv. (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)
3 [cm-kq-\p\m ˛ IpP-s\-s°m- v
kXzw ˛ IcpØv (im-co-cn-I-hpw- am-\kn-I-hp-amb _ew)
tcmK ˛ tcmK-߃
-Kp-Wm- ˛ KpW-߃
A\p-P ˛ Cfb ktlm-Z-c≥
A-h-\n ˛ `qan
cn-]p- ˛ i{Xp
⁄m-Xo≥ ˛ _‘p-°ƒ (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)
4 t_m[-\x ˛ _p[s\s°m- v
hnZym ˛ hnZy-
_-‘p-
hn-th-Iw-
am-Xp-e- ˛ AΩm-h≥
kp-lrXv ˛ Iq´p-Im¿
hmIv ˛ hm°v
I¿ΩIrXv ˛ I¿Ωw (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)
5 hmKo-iz-cmXv ˛ hymg-sØ-s°m- v
{]⁄m ˛ {]⁄, hntij_p≤n
-hn-Øw ˛ [\w
-i-co-c-]pjvSn
X\-b ˛ a°ƒ
⁄m-\w ˛ Adnhv (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)
.6 `rtKmx ˛ ip{I-s\-s°m- v
]Xv\n ˛ `mcy
hm-l-\-w
`q-j-Ww ˛ B`-cWw
aZ\-hym-]m-cw- ˛ Ima-w
kuJyw ˛ kpJw (F∂nh Nn¥n-°-Ww.)
252
7 aμm-Xv ˛ i\n-sb-s°m- pv
Bbp ˛ Bbp v
Po-h-\w- ˛ Pohn-Xam¿§w, sXmgn¬
ar-Xyp-Im-c-Ww- ˛ ac-W-Im-cWw
hn-]Zv ˛ B]Øv
`rXy¿
htZXv ˛ (F-∂n-h) ]d-bWw.
8 k¿t∏-ssWh ˛ cmlp-hn-s\-s°m- v
]nXm-a-lw ˛ A—s‚ A—≥
9 inJn\m ˛ tIXp-hn-s\-s°m- v
amXm-alw ˛ AΩbpsS A—≥
Nn¥-tb-Xv ˛ (F-∂n-h-bpw) Nn¥n-°-Ww
.
(17)
Zypa-Wn-c-a-c-a-{¥o- `q-kp-Xx -tkm-a-kuayu
Kpcp-cn-\-X-\-bmcu `m¿§thm `m\p-]p{X
Zn\-I-c-i-intPUyu Poh-`m-\p-⁄-a-μm
kpc-Kp-cp-cn-\-kq\px Imc-Im-x kypx hne-·m-Xv.
`mh-ß-fpsS Imc-I-∑m¿
Imc-Im-x kypx hne-·m-Xv
˛ e·w apX¬°p≈ ]{¥- p `mh-ß-fp-sSbpw ImcI-∑m¿
`mhw Imc-I-{Klw
e·w Zypa-Wn- ˛ kqcy≥
2 A-a-c-a-{¥o ˛ hymgw
- 3 `q-kp-X≥ ˛ Ip-P≥
-4. tkm-a -kuayu ˛ N{μ\pw _p[\pw
5 Kpcp ˛ hymgw
6 C\-X-\-b Bcu ˛ i\nbpw IpP\pw -
-7 `m¿§h≥ ˛ ip{I≥
8 `m\p-]p{X≥ ˛ i\n
9 Zn\-I-c- i-inP CuUyu ˛ kqcy\pw, _p[\pw, hymghpw
10 Poh -`m-\p- ⁄ aμm ˛ hymghpw, kqcy\pw, _p[\pw, i\nbpw.
11 kpc-Kp-cp ˛ hymgw
12 C-\-kq\px ˛ i\n
`mh-ß-sf-s°m- p Nn¥n-t°- hnj-b-߃ H∂mwA≤ym-b-Ønepw {Kl-ß-sf-
s°m- p Nn¥n-t°- hnj-b-߃ c- mw-A-≤ym-b-Ønepw hnkvX-cn®p ]d-™n-´p-- v.
ChnsS 15,16,17 t«mI-ß-fn¬ ]d-™Xv AXns‚ Npcp-°w-am-{Xam-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬,
F√m {Kl-߃°pw F√m `mh-ß-fnepw kzm[o\w hcp-∂p-- v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Bfl-Im-
c-I≥ kqcy-\m-sW-¶nepw Bfl-ku-Jy-Øns‚ Imcyw -h-cp-tºmƒ a‰v Bdp {Kl-߃°pw
253
AXn¬ kzm[o-\-ap-≈-Xmbn ImWmw. AXp-t]mse hc-hns‚ ÿm\-amb ]Xn-s\m-∂ns‚
Imc-I≥ hymg-am-sW-¶nepw a‰p {Kl-ßsfs°m- pw C°mcyw Nn¥n-°m-\p-- v. AXm-b-
Xv, kqcy-s\-s°m- v A—-\n¬\n∂pap≈ [\-h-chpw N{μ-s\-s°m- v AΩ-Im-c-W-am-bn-
´p≈ hchpw Nn¥n-°mw. F∂m¬ a‰-p≈ {Kl-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw apºn¬\n∂p {]h¿Øn-
°pI `mh-Im-c-I-\m-bn-cn-°pw. Imc-I\p _e-°p-dhv As√-¶n¬ Imc-I≥ `mh-Øn¬
\n¬°pI XpS-ß-nb tZm-jm-h-ÿ-I-fn¬ AXp hcp-am-\-t{km-X- n-s\-Øs∂ _m[n-°p-
Ibpw sNøpw.
(18)
kplr-Z-cn-]-c-Io-b-kz¿£-XpwKkvYnXm\mw
^e-a-\p-]-cn-Nn¥yw e·-tZ-lm-Zn-`msshx
kap-]-N-b-hn-]Ønw kuay-]m-t]jp kXyx
IY-bXn hn]-coXw cnx -j-jvTm-jvS-ta-jp.
1. e·-tZ-lm-Zn-`msshx ˛ e·w XpS-ßnb `mh-ß-fpsS
^e-a-\p-]-cn-Nn¥yw ˛ ^ew ]d-bp-tºmƒ B `mhhp-ambn _‘-
s∏´ {Kl-Øns‚ (Imc-I-s‚/`mhm-[n-]-s‚)
kplr-Z- ˛ an{X-t£{Xw
Acn- ˛ i{Xp-t£{Xw
]cIobw ˛ kat£{Xw
kz¿£w ˛ kzt£{Xw
-XpwK ˛ D®-t£{Xw XpS-ßnb ÿm\-ß-fnse
kvYnXm\mw ˛ kvYnXn A\p-k-cn®v {Kl-_-e-Øn\p
hcp∂ G‰-°p-d-®n-ep-Iƒ ]cn-tim[n-°Ww.
2. kap-]-N-b-hn-]Ønw ˛ `mh-ß-fpsS hr≤nbpw \mihpw
kuay-]m-t]jp ˛ ip`-˛-]m-]-{K-l-ß-sf-s°m- v
Nn¥n-°-W-sa∂pw
3. cnx^ -j-jvTm AjvS-ta-jp ˛ (F-∂m¬) 6˛8-˛12- `mhß-fn¬
hn]-coXw ^ew hn]-coXamIp∂psh∂pw
kXyx IY-bXn ˛ kXym-Nm-cy¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.
(19)
]m]-{Klmx jjvT-ar-Xn-hy-bÿmx
X¤m-h-hr≤nw Ie-b¥n tZmssjx
ip`mkvXp X¤m-h-ebw ln Xkvam˛
—{Xm-Zn- `m-thm-∞- ^-e-{]-Wm-ix. (1)
(1) ]mT-t`Zw : Z{Xm-cn-`m-hm-Zn- -e-{]-Wmix
]m]-{Klm jjvT- ar-Xn- hy-bÿmx
˛ ]m]-{Kl߃ 6-, 8, 12 `mh-ß-fn¬ \n∂m¬
XXv `m-h-hr≤nw Ie-b¥n tZmssjx
˛ B `mh-߃°v XßfpsS tZmj߃sIm- v KpWw sNøpw. (]m-]-∑m¿ Zpÿm-
\-ßfn¬ -\n-∂m¬ B `mh-ß-fpsS tZmj-^ew IqSpw F∂¿∞w).
ip`mx Xp X¤m-h-ebw
˛ ip`-∑m¿ \n∂memIs´, B `mh-߃°p (Zp-ÿm-\-߃°p) \miw D- m-Ip-∂p.
254
XkvamXv A{X A-cn-`m-hmZn ^-e-{]-Wm-ix.
˛ (A-Xm-b-Xv) ip-`-ÿn-Xn-sIm- v Bdv XpS-ßnb (6-˛8-˛12) `mh-ßfpsS tZmj-^ew
\in-°p-∂p.
hni-Zo-I-cWw:
1. ]m-]-∑m¿ Zpÿm-\-ßfn¬ -\n-∂m¬ B `mh-ß-fpsS tZmj-^ew IqSpw F∂Xp
kmam\y\n-b-aw-am-{X-am-Wv. (Bdmw A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn® l¿j-˛-k-c-f- -hn-a-e-
tbm-K-߃ ImWp-I.)
2. ip-`-ÿn-Xn-sIm- v Zpÿm-\-ß-fpsS tZmjw Xocp-sa-¶nepw, AXv B ip`-{K-l-
Øns‚ _esØ tZmj-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p-ap-- v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Bdnse hymgw
i{Xp-°ƒs°-Xnsc {]Xn-tcm-[-ambn \n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, Zpÿm-\-ÿnXn
hymgsØ Zp¿∫-e-\m-°p-∂p-ap-- v.
`mhmXv `mh-Nn¥
(20)
`mhky bsskyh ^ew hnNn¥yw
`mhw N Xw e·-an-Xn -{]-Iev]y
Xkvam-Zz-tZ-±zm-Z-i-`m-h-Pm\n
^em\n X{Zq-]-[-\m-Zn-Im-\n.
`mhky bsskyh ^ew hnNn¥yw ˛ GsXmcp `mh-Øns‚ ^eamtWm
Adntb- Xv
`mhw N Xw e·-an-Xn- {]-Iev]y ˛ B `mhsØ e·-ambn k¶-ev]n-®v
XkvamXv ˛ AXp-ap-X¬-
cq-]-[-\m-Zn-Im-\n. ˛ cq]w (e-·w), [\w (c-- mw-`m-hw) XpS-ßn-
Zzm-Z-i-`m-h-Pm\n ˛ ]{¥- p `mh-ß-fpsSbpw
^em\n ˛ ^e-߃
htZXv ˛ ]d-bWw. (Nn-¥n-°-Ww.)
Imc-ImXv ^e-Nn¥
(21)
Ghw ln XXvIm-c-ItXm hnNn¥yw
]nXp› amXp› ktlm-Z-cky
X∑m-Xp-e-kym]n kpXky ]Xyp¿˛
`rXyky kqcymZn {Kl-ÿn-X¿£m-Xv.
Ghw ln kqcymZn {Kl-ÿn-X¿£m-Xv. ˛ C{]Im-cwXs∂ kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb
{Kl-߃ \n¬°p∂ cmin-Isfs°m- v
(Im-c-I-∑m¿ \n¬°p∂ cminsb e·-am-°n)
X¬Im-c-ItXm hnNn¥yw ˛ `mh-Im-c-I-∑m-sc-s°m- pw Nn¥n-°-Ww.
AXm-b-Xv-˛˛
255
]nXp ˛ A—s‚ Imcyß-f-dn-bm≥ kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw
amXp ˛ AΩ ˛ N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw
ktlm-Z-c ˛ ktlm-Z-c≥ IpP≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw
am-Xp-e- ˛ AΩm-h≥ ˛ _p[≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw
kpX ˛ ]p{X≥ ˛ hymgw \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw
]Xn ˛ If{Xw ˛ ip{I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw
`rXy ˛ the-°m-c≥ i\n \n¬°p∂ cmin-ap-X¬°pw (Nn¥n-°-Ww.)
DZm-l-cWw: kqcy-s\-s°m- v A—-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂ hn[w
(22)
kqcy-kvYn-X¿£m÷-\-I-kz-cq]w
hr≤nw Zzn-Xo-tb\ Xp XXv{]-Imiw
XZv{`m-Xcw Xky KpWw XrXo-bm˛
Ø∑m-Xcw Nm]n kpJw NXp¿∞m-Xv.
(23)
_p≤nw {]kmZw kpX-`m® jjvTmXv
]oUmw ]nXp¿t±m-j-a-cnw N tcmKw
Imaw aZw Xky Xp k]vX-ta\
ZpxJw arXnw arXypKr-lmØZm-bpx.
(24)
]pWyw ip`w XXv]n-Xcw ipt`\
hym]m-c-a-sskyh ln I¿Ω-`m-hmXv
em`w lyp]m-¥ymXv £b-a-¥y-`m-hm˛
®{μm-Zn-Im\mw ^e-ta-h-am-lpx.
1. kqcy-kvYn-X¿£m P-\-I-kz-cq]w - ˛ kqcy≥ \nev°p∂ `mhwsIm- v A—s‚ cq]w
2. hr≤nx Zzn-Xo-tb\ ˛ AXns‚ ASpØ `mhwsIm- v
A—s‚ [\-hr-≤nbpw
3. XXv {`m-Xcw Xky KpWw XrXo-bm ˛ aq∂masØ- `mhw-sIm- v A—s‚
ktlm-Z-c-∑m-scbpw KpW-tØbpw
4. X∑m-Xcw N A]n kpJw NXp¿∞m-Xv ˛ \memw`mhwsIm- v A—s‚ AΩ-tbbpw
A—s‚ kpJtØbpw-
5. _p≤nw {]kmZw kpX-`mXv N ˛ A©mw `mhwsIm- v A—s‚ _p≤nbpw
{]kmZhpw
6. jjvTmXv ]nXpx ]oUmw tZm-jw Acnw N tcmKw ˛ Bdmw-`mhwsIm- v A—s‚
D]-{Z-h-߃, tZmj-߃, i{Xp, tcmKw
7. Imaw aZw Xky Xp k]vX-ta\ ˛ Ggmw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ Imaw, aZw
8. ZpxJw arXnw arXypKr-lmXv XZm-bpx.˛ F´mw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ Bbp ,v
ZpxJw, arXn F∂n-hbpw
9. ]pWyw ip`w XXv]n-Xcw ipt`\ ˛ HºXmw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ ]pWyw, ip`w
F∂n-hbpw A—s‚ A—-t\bpw
10. I¿Ω-`m-hmXvhym]m-c-w A-sskyh ln ˛ ]Ømw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ hym]m-chpw
11. em`w D]m-¥ymXv ˛ ]Xns\m∂mw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ em`hpw
256
--12. £b-w A¥y-`m-hmXv ˛ ]{¥- mw-`m-hw-sIm- v A—s‚ £bhpw
(\mi-hpw)Nn¥n-°-Ww.
N{μm-Zn-Im\mw ^e-w Gh-w B-lpx
˛ AΩ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Imcy-߃ CXp-t]mse N{μ≥ XpS-ßnb Imc-I-{K-l-ß-
sf-s°m- p ]d-b-Ww.
(25)
XØ-¤m-hmXv Imc-Im-tZ-h-aqlyw
XØ-∑m-Xr-{`m-Xr-]n-{Xm-fl-PmZyw
Xkvan≥ `mth ImctI `mh-\mtY
hotcym-t]tX Xky `mhky kuJyw. 25
XØ-¤m-hmXv ˛ AXmXv `mh-ßsf-s°m- pw
Imc-Im-Xv ˛ Imc-I-{Kl-ß-sf-s°m- pw-
XØXv ˛ PmX-Is‚
-am-Xr- ˛ AΩ
{`m-Xr ˛ ktlm-Z-c≥
-]n-{X ˛ A—≥
B-fl-PmZyw ˛ a°ƒ XpS-ßnbhsb√mw
Gh-w Dulyw ˛ C{]-Im-cw Nn¥n®p ]d-b-Ww.
Xkvan≥ ˛ CXn¬
`mth ˛ `mhw
ImctI ˛ Imc-I≥
`mh-\mtY ˛ `mh-\m-Y≥ (C-h-bn¬)
hotcym-t]tX ˛ _e-ap≈tXtXm
Xky ˛ AXns‚
`mhky ˛ `mh-Øn\v
kuJyw ˛ kuJyw (^e-Zm-\-tijn) D- m-Ipw.
(26)
[¿tΩ kqcyx ioX-Kp¿∫-‘p-`mth
iutcy `uax ]©ta tZh-a{¥o
Imta ip{I-›m-jvSta `m\p-]p{Xx
Ipcym-Øky t¢i-anXymlpc-t\y.
[¿tΩ kqcyx ˛ Hº-Xnse kqcy≥
ioX-Kpx _‘p-`mth ˛ \men¬ N{μ≥
iutcy `uax ˛ aq∂n¬ IpP≥
]©ta tZh-a{¥o ˛ A©n¬ hymgw
Imta ip{I ˛ Ggn¬ ip{I≥
AjvSta `m\p-]p{Xx ˛ F´n¬ i\n
Ipcym-Xv Xky t¢iw ˛ Ch AXmXp `mh-߃°p
t¢i-ap- m°psa∂p
CXn Blpx At\y ˛ thsd Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂p.
(Imc-I-{Klw `m-h-Øn¬ \n¬°p-∂Xp `mh--Øn\p \√-X√.)
257
(27)
et·-iztcm b¤-h-t\-i-bpt‡m
b¤m-h-K-kvXky ^ew ZZmXn
`mth XZoti _e-`mPn tX\
`mth\ kuJyw hyk\w _tem-t\.
et·-izcx ˛ e·m-[n-]≥
b¤-h-t\-i-bpt‡m ˛ GXp `mhm-[n-]-s‚-Iq-sS-bmtWm \n¬°p-∂Xv
b¤m-h-Kx- ˛ (A-s√-¶n¬) GXp `mh-Øn-emtWm \n¬°p-∂Xv
Xky Xky ˛ AXm-Xns‚ (B `mhm[n]s‚ / `mh-Øns‚)
^ew ZZmXn ˛ ^ew Xcp-∂p. (-_ew h¿≤n∏n-°p-∂p.)
`mth XZoti ˛ B `mh-Øn\pw AXns‚ \mY\pw
_e-`mPn tX\ ˛ _eap-s- -¶n¬
`mth\ kuJyw ˛ B `mhw ip`-^ew (\¬Ip-∂p).
hyk\w _tem-t\. ˛ _e-an-s√-¶n¬ hyk\w (Zp-J-^-e-hpw)
D- mIp∂p.
(e-·m-[n-]-_-‘w-am{Xw t]mcm, kz¥-amb ASn-ÿm-\-_-ew-Iq-Sn- th-W-sa-∂¿∞w.)
(28)
b¤m-h-{]-`pWm bptXm _e-hXm apJymw-KtKm e·]x
XXv`mhm-\p- hw ip`w hnX-\ptX b¤m-h-K-kvXky N
kwbpt‡m _e-lo-\-`m-h-]-Xn\m \nμym-wK-`mPm ^ew
Ipcym-Ø-Zzn-]-co-X-ta-h-ap-ZnXw k¿thjp `mth-jz-]n.
1 apJymw-KtKm e·]x ˛ e·m-[n-]\v, AjvS-h¿§-_e-ap≈`mh-Øns‚
\m-Y≥
`m-h-{]-`pWm bptXm _e-hXm ˛ _e-hm-\mbn e·m-[n-]-s‚-IqsS, \n¬°p-∂p-
sh-¶n¬
XXv`mhm-\p- hw ip`w hnX-\ptX ˛ B `mh-Øns‚ A\p-`hw ip`-am-Ip-∂p.
2 bXv `m-h-K-x Xky N ˛ GXp `mh-Øn-emtWm Cßns\ \n¬°p-∂Xv,
AXn-s‚- A\p-`hhpw ip`-am-Ip-∂p.
3 kwbpt‡m _e-lo-\-`m-h-]-Xn\m \nμym-wK-`mPm ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb `mhm-[n-]-s‚-
IqsS AjvS-h¿§-_-e-an-√mØ e·m-[n-]≥
\n∂m¬
^ew Ipcym-Xv XXv hn-]-co-X-w G-hw -D-ZnXw ˛ ^ew hn]-co-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.
k¿thjp `mth-jp A]n. ˛ F√m `mh-ß-sf-s°m- pw Cßs\ Nn¥n-°-Ww
.
(29)
Zpxÿm-\-]-kvX-Zn-X-c-kz-Kr-l-ÿn-X-t›Xv
kzt£-{X- m-h-^-e-tah ItcmXn \m\yw
atμm artK kpX-Krtl bZn ]p{X-kn≤nx
jjvTm-[n-]-Xy-Ir-X-tZm-j-^ew \ Nm{X.
Zpxÿm-\-] X-Xv -C-X-c -kz-Kr-l- ÿn-X-t›Xv ˛ Zpÿm-\m-[n-]≥ (6-˛8-˛12 `mhm-[n-
]≥) Xs‚ as‰mcp cmin-bmb kzt£-{X-Øn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ
258
kzt£-{X- m-h-^-e-w Gh ItcmXn \ A\yw
˛ \n¬°p∂ t£{X-Øns‚ ^e-a-√msX as‰ `mh-Øns‚ (Zpÿm-\Øns‚)
^ew \¬IpIbn-√. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\v:--:˛˛
atμm artK kpX-Krtl bZn ]p{X-kn≤nx
˛ i\n aI-c-Øn¬, A©n¬, (\n¬°p∂p) F¶n¬ ]p{X-em`w (D- mIpw);
jjvTm-[n-]-Xy-Ir-X-tZm-j-^ew \ N A{X
˛ Bdmw `mhm-[n-]-Xyw- sIm- p≈ tZm-j^ew D- m-In-√.
I∂n e·-Øn\p aIcw A©mw`mhhpw Ip`w Bdmw`mhhpw BW-t√m. A©pw
Bdpw `mh-ß-fpsS A[n-]Xn Htc {Klw (i-\n) Xs∂. A©n¬ \n¬°p∂ i\nA©mw
`mhm-[n-]Xn F∂ \nebv°p≈ \√ ^ea-√m-sX, Bdmw `mhm-[n-]Xn F∂ \ne bv°p≈
tZmjw sNøpIbn-√ F∂p kmcw.
(30)
cmiu ÿnXn¿ΩntYm tbmtKm
ZrjvSn tIt{μjp kwÿnXnx
{XntImtW hm ÿnXnx ]©˛
{]Imtcm _‘ Cucn-Xx.
1. cmiu ÿnXnx antYm ˛ ]c-kv]cw cmin amdn \n¬°pI
2. tbmtKm ˛ H∂n®p \n¬°pI,
3. ZrjvSn ˛ ]c-kv]cZrjvSn
4. tIt{μjp kwÿnXn ˛ ]c-kv]cw tI{μØn¬ \n¬°pI,
5. {XntImtWÿnXn ˛ ]c-kv]cw {XntIm-W-Øn¬ ÿnXn
]©{]Imtcm ˛ (Cßs\) A©p {]Im-c-Øn¬
_‘ Cucn-Xx ˛ {Kl-_‘w ]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
259
A≤ymbw 16
`mh^ew hnjbhnhcw 1. icoc{]IrXn, \ndw, AwKß-fpsS KpW-tZm-j-߃
2˛14 e·m[n]≥apX¬ ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]≥hscbp≈hcpsS
ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
15. `mhkn≤nImew
(1)
e·\hmwi]XpeyX\px kym-˛
ZzocybpX{KlXpeyX\p¿hm
N{μktaX\hmwi]h¿vWx
ImZnhne·hn`‡`Km{Xx
1. icoc{]IrXn, \ndw, AwKß-fpsS KpW-tZm-j-߃
1. e·\hmwi]XpeyX\pkymXv ˛ e·\hmwiw hcp∂ cmin-bpsS \mYs\
hocybpX{KlXpeyX\px hm ˛ As√¶n¬ PmX-I-Ønse _e-°q-Sp-Xep≈-
{KlØns\ A\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw
icoc {]IrXn.*
* as‰mcp hymJym\w: PmX-I\v e·m-[n-]-s‚tbm e·-\-hmw-im-[n-]-s‚tbm {]Ir-Xn-bv°-
\p-k-cn® tZl-am-Wp- m-hp-I
2. N{μktaX \hmwi] h¿vWx ˛ N{μ\hmwiw hcp∂ cminbpsS \mY\p
]d-™n-´p-≈-Xm-bn-cn°pw \ndw.
3 ImZnhne·hn`‡n`Km{Xx ˛ ImemwKmZn (1::4) hnhcW{]Imcw Hmtcm
cminbnepw \n¬°p∂ {Kl߃°\pkcn
®mbncn°pw AhbhßfpsS KpWtZmj߃
(2)
et·ti tI{μtImtW kv^pSIc\nItc
tkzm®t` hm kzt` hm
tI{μmZ\y{X kwtÿ \n[\`h\t]
kuaybpt‡ hnet·
260
Zo¿Lmbpjvam≥ [\mtVym alnXKpWbptXm
`qan]me{]ikvtXm
e£ohm≥ kpμcmwtKm ZrVX\pc`tbm
[m¿ΩnIx kXvIpSpw_o.
2. e·m[n]\pw e·-Øn\pw _e-ap-s- -¶n¬
et·ti ˛ e·m[n]≥
1. tI{μ tImtW -˛ tI{μØntem, {XntImWØntem
kv^pSIc\nItc ˛ civan_etØmsStbm
tkzm®t` hm kzt` hm ˛ D®Øntem kzt£{XØntem \n¬°pIbpw
2. \n[\`h\t] ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]≥
tI{μmXv A\y{X kwtÿ ˛ tI{μa√mØ `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°pIbpw
3. kuaybpt‡ hnet· ˛ e·Øn¬ ip`{Klap- mhpIbpw
sNbvXm¬, ^ew:
Zo¿Lmbpjvam≥ ˛ Zo¿Lmbp v
[\mtVym --˛ [\nI≥
alnXKpWbptXm ˛ h¿≤n® KpWßtfmSpIqSnbh≥
`qan]me {]ikvtXm ˛ cm-Pm-hn-s\-t∏mse {]i-kvX-≥
e£ohm≥ ˛ sFizcyap≈h≥
kpμcmwtKm ˛ kuμcyap≈h≥
ZrVX\p ˛ Dd® icocap≈h≥
A`tbm ˛ `ban√mØh≥
[m¿ΩnI ˛ [m¿ΩnI≥
kXvIpSpw_o ˛ \√ IpSpw_tØmSpIqSnbh≥
3. e·m[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
(3)
kXvkw_‘bptX Itf_c]Xu kZv{Kmahmtkm f Yhm
kXvkwKx {]_e{KtlW klntXm hnJymX`q]m{ibx
tkzm®tÿ \r]Xnx kzbw kzKrltK X÷∑`qau kvYnXnx
k©mc›ct` ÿnXnx ÿncKrtl Zzμw hncq]w ^ew.
(4)
hnJymXx InctWmPzte X\p]Xu kptÿ kpJo h¿≤t\m
Zpxtÿ ZpxJkZr£\oN`ht\ (1) hmtkm \nIrjvSÿte
kzÿw PohXn i‡naXypZbt` h¿≤njvWpcq¿Pkztem
\n»‡u \nltXm ZznjZv`nckIrXv Jnt∂m `thZmXpcx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: aqV k]Xv\ \oN `ht\
Itf_c]Xu ˛ e·m[n]≥1,
kXvkw_‘bptX -˛ ip`{KltbmKtØmsSbmWp
\n¬°p∂sX¶n¬
261
kZv{Kmahmtkm ˛ \√ tZiØp hkn-°p-∂-h-\pw
AYhm ˛ As√¶n¬
kXv kwKx ˛ \√-h-cp-ambn kl-hmkap-≈-h\pw
Bbn-cn-°pw.
2. {]_e{KtlW klntXm ˛ _e-ap≈ {KltØmSpIqsSbmWp
ÿnXnsb¶n¬
hnJymX`q]m{ibx ˛ {]kn≤\mb cmPmhns‚ B{inX\mhpw.
3. kz D®tÿ \r]Xnx ˛ D®cminbnemWp ÿnXn-sb-¶n¬
cmPmhmIpw.
4. kzKrtl XXv P∑`qau kvYnXnx -˛ kzt£{XØnemsW¶n¬P∑tZiØp
Xs∂ Pohn°pw.
5. (1) k©mc›ct` ÿnXnx ˛ NccminbnemsW¶n¬
k©cn°p∂h\mbpw
(2) ÿncKrtl ˛ ÿnccminbnemsW¶n¬ ÿncambn
HcnSØp Ignbp∂h\mbpw hcpw.
(3) Zztμ Zzncq]w ^ew. ˛ D`bcminbnemsW¶n¬
c- p kz`mhhpw ImWn°pw.
6. hnJymXx InctWmPzte X\p]Xu e·m[n]\p civan_eaps- -¶n¬
hnJymX\mIpw.
7. kptÿ kpJo h¿≤t\m
˛ kpÿm\Øv (6-˛8-˛12 Hgn-sI-bp≈ `mh-ß-fn¬) \n∂m¬ kpJw A\p-`-hn-°p-
∂-h\pw A`n-hr≤n-bp-≈-h\pamIpw.
8 Zpxtÿ ZpxJ ˛ Zpÿm-\ (6-˛8-˛12) -ÿnXn : ZpxJw
9 \oN`ht\ hmtkm \nIrjvSÿte˛ \oNcmin-ÿnXn: \nIrjvSamb ÿeßfn¬
hkn°p∂h≥
10. i‡naXypZbt` ˛ (e-·m-[n-]≥) _ehm\mbn
e·Øn¬ \n¬°p∂psh¶n¬
h¿≤njvWp Du¿Pkztem ˛ A`n-hr-≤n-bp-≈-h-\mbn, Du¿P-kz-e-\mbn
kzÿw PohXn ˛ kzÿ-ambn Pohn-°pw.
\n»‡u \nltXm ZznjZv`nckIrXv Jnt∂m `thZmXpcx.
˛ e·m[n]≥ _e-c-lnX\msW¶n¬ PmXI≥ ]cm-Pn-X\pw ZpJn-X\pw
tcmKnbp-am-bn-cn-°pw.
4. c- mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
(5)
A¿∞kzman\n apJym`mhPpjn k’z¿t∞ IpSpw_{inbm
k¿thmXvIrjvSKptWm [\o N kpapJx kym±qcZ¿io \cx
kw_t‘ khnXp¿ZznXob]Xn\m temtIm]Imc£amw
hnZyma¿∞ahm]v\pbmZY it\x £p{Zm¬]hnZymcXx
262
(6)
ssPth sshZnI[¿Ωimkv{X\n]ptWm
_ut[ f ¿∞imkvt{X ]Spx
irwKmtcm‡n]Sp¿`rtKm¿lnacptNx
In©nXvIemhnZv `thXv
IutP {IqcIem]Sp› ]nipt\m
cmlu ÿntX temlfx
tIXu `iyZfoIhmKv [\KssXx
]mss]› aqtVm f [\x.
1 A¿∞kzman\o -˛ c- mw`mhm[n]≥
(1) apJy`mhPpjn, ˛ kpÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂mepw
(2) k’p A¿t∞ - ˛ ip`∑m¿ c- n¬ \n∂mepw
IpSpw_{inbm ˛ PmXI≥ IpSpw_{iotbmsS
k¿thmXvIrjvSKptWm ˛ k¿thmXvIrjvSamb
KpWßtfmSpIqSnbh\pw
[\o kpapJx ZqcZ¿io \cx ˛ [\nI\pw kpapJ\pw Zo¿LZ¿inbp
ambncn°pw.
2 kw_t‘
˛ c- mw-`m-hm-[n-]\p kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb {Kl-ß-fp-ambn _‘w (15-:30) h∂m¬˛
(1).khnXpx temtIm]Imc£amw hnZymw A¿∞w Ahm]v\pbmXv
˛ c- mw`mhm[n]\p kqcy\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ temtIm]Im{]Zamb
hnZybpw, [\hpw D- m-Ipw.
(2) it\x £p{Zm¬]hnZymcXx
˛ i\nbpambn _‘w h∂m¬ £p{Zhpw \n m-chpamb hnZyIfn¬ cX\mIpw
(3) ssPth sshZnI[¿Ωimkv{X\n]ptWm
˛ hymgtØmSp _‘w h∂m¬ thZßfnepw [¿Ωimkv{Xßfnepw \n]pW\mIpw.
(4) _ut[ f ¿Yimkvt{X ]Spx
˛ _p[\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ A¿∞imkv{Xßfn¬ ka¿∞≥.
(5) irwKmtcm‡n]Spx `rtKmx
˛ ip{I\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ irwKmcw ]dbp∂Xn¬ ka¿∞≥.
(6) lnacptNx In©nXvIemhnZv `thXv
˛ N{μ\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ IemImc≥
(7) IutP {IqcIem]Sp› ]nipt\m
˛ IpP\pambn _‘w h∂m¬ Bkpcamb IeIfn¬ ka¿∞≥, {Iqc≥
(8) cmlu ÿntX temlfx
˛ c- mw `mhm[n]\p cmlphpambn _‘w h∂m¬ sIm™≥ (hn°≥)
(9) tIXu `iyZfoIhmKv
˛ tIXphpambn _‘w h∂m¬ Ifhp ]dbp∂≥.
[\KssXx ]mss]x aqtV A[\x.
˛ ]m]{Kl-߃ c- n¬ \n∂m¬ aqV\pw Zcn{Z\pw Bbncn°pw.
263
5. aq∂mw `mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
(7)
_t‘m bZn kymØ\piucy\mYtbm˛
ct\ym\ycminÿnXtbm¿∫emVytbmx
ss[cyw N iucyw klPm\pIqeXmw
{]m]vt\mXybw kmlkImcyI¿XrXmw.
(8)
iucyt] Xp _enkZv{Klbpt‡
ImctI f ]n ip``mhapt]tX
{`mXrhr≤ncY hocyhnlot\
ZpxÿntX `hXn tkmZc\miw.
(9)
Abp‹cmiu bZn ImctIiu
Kp¿h¿I`qkq\p \nco£nXu tNXv
HmtPm Krlx kymZyZn hn{IamJyx
]pw{`mXckvXzwihimZv `thbpx.*
1 _emVytbmx˛ ˛ _ehm∑cmb
X\piucy\mYtbm ˛ e·m[n]\pw aq∂mw`mhm[n]\pw
At\ym\ycminkvYnXtbmx ˛ ]ckv]cw cmin amdnbp≈
_t‘m ˛ _‘tØmsS (15-:30) \n∂m¬
ss[cyw iucyw klPm\pIqeyXmw {]m]vt\mXybw kmlkImcyI¿XrXmw.
˛ ss[cyw, iucyw, ktlmZcKpWw, kmlk{]h¿ØnIƒ Ch ^ew.
2. iucyt] Xp _en ˛ aq∂mw`mhm[n]≥ _eimenbmbn,
kZv{Klbpt‡ ˛ ip`cpambn _‘tØmsS Ccn°pIbpw,
ImctI A]n ip``mhapt]tX ˛ `mhImcI≥ (IpP≥) ip``mhØn¬
\n¬°pIbpw sNbvXm¬
`mXrhr≤ncY ˛ ktlmZc߃°v A`nhr≤nbp- mIpw.
hocyhnlot\, ZpxÿnXu, ˛ aq∂mw`mhm[n]≥ _ean√msX
Zpÿm\Øp \n∂m¬
`hXn tkmZc\miw. ˛ ktlmZc\miw ^ew.
3 (1) ImctIiu Abp‹cmiu ˛ ImcI\pw aq∂mw`mhm[n]\pw
HmPcminbn¬ -\n¬°pI
(2) Kpcp A¿° `qkq\p \nco£nX hymgw, kqcy≥, IpP≥ ChcpsS ZrjvSn D- mhpI
(3) HmtPm Krlx bZn hn{IamJyx ˛ aq∂mw`mhw HmPcminbmhpI (F¶n¬)
]pw{`mXckvXp .. `thbp ˛ ktlmZc∑m¿ D- mIpw.
* Awi-h-imXv `thbpx F∂Xv c- p Xc-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-°-s∏-´n-´p-- v.
1. ImcI\pw aq∂mw`mhm[n]\pw HmPcminbn¬ -\n¬°pIbpw Awin-°p-Ibpw
thWw-
2. \hmw-iw- A-\p-k-cn®v (sN∂ \hmw-i-w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂{X) ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ D- mIpw
264
.6. \memw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
(10)
Zpÿmt\ kpJt] iin\y]n kXmw
tbmtK£ssW¿h¿PntX
]m]m¥x ÿnXnaXykZv{KlbptX
ZrjvtS P\\ymx arXnx
GXu Zzmh]n hocyKu ip`bpXu
ZpjvSu ipss`¿_‘pssK¿˛
ΩmXpx kuJyIcu hnt[m› kpJssKx
kussay¿htZØ’pJw.
(11)
et·ti kpJtK f Yhm kpJ]Xu
et· Xtbmco£tW
tbmtK hm iin\kvXYm bZn Itcm˛
Xy¥ymw kzamXpx {Inbmw
At\ym\yw bZn i{Xp\oN`ht\
jjvTmjvSta hm Xtbm¿˛
amXr¿t∂m f ]n ItcmXn \mikatb
_‘kvXtbm¿hm \ tNXv.
(12)
amXr`mthm‡hZzmNyw ]nXr{`mXrkpXmZnjp
`mhImcI`mthssi¿e·et·izssc¿ htZXv.
(13)
kpÿu kptJi`rKpPu X\p_‘pbp‡m˛
hmtμmfnImw P\]tZizcXmw hn[Øx
kz¿WmZy\¿LaWn`qjW]´iøm˛
Imtam]t`mKIcWm\n N tKmKPmizm≥.
(14)
Zptÿ kptJti IpPkqcybpt‡
kptJ f ]n hm P∑Krlw {]ZKv≤w
Po¿Æw XtamaμbptX f cnbpt‡
]ssc¿lrXw tKm£nXnhml\mZyw
1. (1) Zpÿmt\ kpJt]
˛ \memw`mhm[n]≥ Zpÿm\Øp (6˛8-˛12) \n¬°pI
(2) iin\n A]n kXmw tbmK Cu£ssW h¿PntX
˛ N{μ\v ip`cpsS ZrjvSntbm tbmKtam C√mXncn°pI
(3) ]m]m¥xÿnXhXykZv{KlbptX ZrjvtS *
˛ N{μ\v ]m]a≤yÿnXn, ]m]tbmKw, ]m]ZrjvSn Ch D- mhpI, F¶n¬
P\\ymx arXnx ˛ amXracWw ^ew.
1. * ae-bm-f-hym-Jym-\-ß-fn¬ CXns\ AXnAkZv{KlbptX ZrjvtS Fs∂SpØvv
AXn]m-]-tbm-Kw, AXn-]m-]-ZrjvSn F∂v A¿∞w sImSp-Øn-cn°p∂p. amXr-Im-c-I-\mb
265
Nμ\v ]m]-_‘w h∂m¬Øs∂ AXp amXm-hn\p tZmj-am-Ipw. Xs∂-b-√, ]m]-s\-∂-
√m sX AXn-]m-]s\∂ {]tbmKw km[mcWhpa-√.
2. apI-fn¬ ]d™ aq∂p Imcy-߃, shtΔsd F∂√ Hcp-an®v FSp-Ømepw, amXr-
a-cWw Dd∏n®p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√ F∂v Adn-bmØ Bf√ at{¥-iz-c≥. \memw-`m-hm-[n-
]\pw amXr-Im-c-I\pw Hcp-t]mse Zp¿∫-e-cm-bn-cp-∂m¬ AXv amXr-Kp-W-tØtbm, amXm-
hns‚ Bbp- n-s\-Ø-s∂tbm, _m[n°mw F∂-XmWv ASn-ÿm\ Bi-bw.
2. GXu Zzmh]n ˛ \memw`mhm[n]\pw N{μ\pw
(1) hocyKu ip`bpXu ZrjvSu ˛ _e-hm-∑m-cmbn ip`-{K-l-tbmKtØmsS /
ip`{KlZrjvSntbmsS \n¬°pI
(2) ipss` _‘pssK ˛ \memw`mhØn¬ ip`{Kl߃ \n¬°pI
amXpx kuJyIcu ˛ F¶n¬, amXmhn\v kuJyamWv.
hnt[m› kp`ssKx kussayx ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂p kpÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ip`¿
\n∂mepw
htZXv X’pJw ˛ amXmhns‚ kuJysØ ]dbWw.
3. et·ti kpJtK ˛ e·m[n]≥ \men¬
AYhm kpJ]Xu et· ˛ As√¶n¬ \memw`mhm[n]Xn e·Øn¬
Xtbmco£tW ˛ Ch-cpsS (]ckv]c) ZrjvSn,
tbmtK ˛ (Ch-¿ XΩn¬) tbmKw
hm iin\x XYm ˛ As√¶n¬ Ch¿ N{μs‚ IqsS \n¬°pI
F¶n¬
ItcmXy¥ymw kzamXpx {Inbmw ˛ amXmhns‚ A¥y{InbIƒ sNøpw.
.4. At\ym\yw -˛ Ah¿ (e·m[n]\pw \memw`mhm[n]\pw)
]ckv]cw
i{Xp\oN`ht\ ˛ i{Xpt£{XØntem \oNcminbntem
jjvTmjvSta hm Xtbmx ˛ Bdv, F´v ÿm\ßfntem \n¬°pI
_‘x Xtbmx hm \ tNXv. ˛ Ah¿ XΩn¬ _‘w C√mXncn°pI
Cßs\ h∂m¬
amXrx \ A]n ItcmXn \mikatb˛ amXm-hns‚ ac-W-k-a-bØp tij-{In-b-Iƒ
sNøm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
5. amXr`mh D‡hXv hmNym ˛ amXr`mhsØ°pdn®p ]d™Xpt]mse
]nXr `mXr kpXmZnjp ˛ ]nXr`mhw, ktlmZc`mhw, ]p{X`mhw
XpSßnbhbpw
mh ImcI `mthssix ˛ `mhw, `mh-Im-c-I≥, `mhm[n]≥,
Chscs°m- pw (Ah¿°p)
e·et·izssc¿ htZXv. ˛ e·hpw, e·m[n]\pam-bp≈ _‘w-
]cn-K-Wn®pw ]dbWw.
6. kptJi `rKpPu -˛ \memw`mhm[n]\pw ip{I\pw
kpÿu ˛ kpÿm\ßfn¬ \n∂mepw
X\p_‘pbp‡m ˛ e·Øntem \mentem \n∂mepw
BtμmfnImw P\]tZizcXmw ˛ ]√°v, cmPXzw,
kz¿WmZnA\¿LaWn`qjW]´iøm˛kz¿Æw XpSßnbh, hne]nSn® cXv\߃,
B`cW߃, InS°,
Imtam]t`mKIcWm\n N ˛ Imtam]t`mKhkvXp°ƒ,
266
tKmKPmizm≥. ˛ ]ip°ƒ, B\Iƒ, IpXncIƒ XpSßnbh
D- mIpw.
7. Zptÿ kptJti -˛ \memw`mhm[n]Xn Zpÿm\Øv ÿnXn
IpPkqcybpt‡ ˛ As√¶n¬ IpP\pw kqcy\pambn tbmKw
kptJ]n hm ˛ \men¬ IpP\pw kqcy\pw \n¬°pI
Chbps- ¶n¬
P∑Krlw {]ZKv≤w ˛ P∑Krlw IØnt∏mIpw.
8. XtamaμbptX ˛ (\memw`mhm[n]Xn°v) i\n˛cmlp°tfmSv
_‘w h∂m¬
(P∑Krlw) Po¿Æw ˛ P∑-KrlwPo¿Æmhÿbnep≈Xmbn-cn-°pw.
9 Acnbpt‡ ˛ (\memw`mhm[n]Xn) i{Xp°tfmSpIqSn
\∂m¬
tKm£nXnhml\mZyw ˛ ]ip°fpw `qanbpw hml\ßfpsams°
]ssc¿lrXw ˛ h√hcpw sIm- pt]mIpw.
7 A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
(15)
kuay¿£mwti kuaybpt‡ ]©ta hm XZoiztc
sshtijnImwti kZv`mth [oam∂njvI]So `thXv
]©ta ˛ A©mw-`mhw
kuay¿£mwti ˛ ip-`-{K-l-Øns‚ cmin-tbm
kuaybpt‡ ˛ ip`AwiItam
kuaybpt‡ ˛ ip`t\mSpIqSntbm BhpI;
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
XZoiztc ˛ A©mw`mhm[n]≥
sshtijnImwti ˛ sshtijnImwiØnepw*
kZv`mth ˛ ip``mhßfnepw -\n¬°pItbm
sNbvXm¬
[oam≥ \njvI]So `thXv ˛ _p≤nimenbpw I]San√mØh\pw Bbn
`hn°pw.
* ^e-Zo-]nI aq∂mw A≤ymbw Ggmw-t«m-I-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ DØ-amwiw XpS-ßn-b-
h-bmWv sshti-jn-Imw-i-߃.
8. Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃ (16)
ÿnXnx ]m]m\mw hm ZznjZn _ebp‡mcn]Xn\m
bptXm hm ZrjvtSm hm bZn cn]p{Ktl hm
Acoix tIt{μ hm]yip`JKkwho£nXbptX
cn]qWmw ]oUmw {ZmKv`ria]cnlcymw hnX\ptX.
267
(17)
jjvtTizcmZXn_en\ypZbm[n\mtY
kuay{KlmwiklntX ip`ZrjvSnbpt‡
kutJyiztc f ]n k_te bZn tI{μtImtW˛
jzmtcmKy`mKyklntXm ZrVKm{Xbp‡x.
(18)
i{Xp\mtY Xp Zpxÿmt\ \oNaqVmcnkwbptX
XkvamZv_emtVy et·ti i{Xp\miw cn]u(1) ipt`.
]mTt`Zw: (1) chu ipt` ˛ Hº-Xn¬ kqcy≥
(19)
bZv`mthibptXm sshcn\mtYm bZv`mhkw{inXx
jjvTÿntXm bZv`mthix kvtX `mhmip`Xmw bbpx.
1 1. ]m]m\mw ZznjZn ÿnXnx ˛ Bdn¬ ]m]{Kl߃ \n¬°pI
2. X\p]Xnx _ebp‡ Acn]Xn\m bptXm ZrjvtSm
˛ e·m[n]\p _ehm\mb Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm
D- mhpI,
3. cn]p{Ktl X\p]Xnx ˛ e·m[n]≥ Bdn¬ \n¬°pI,
4. Acoix tIt{μ ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]≥ tI{μØn¬ \n¬°pI
5. Aip` JK ho£nX bptXm ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]\v ]m]{KlßfpsS
ZrjvSntbm tbmKtam D- mhpI
Ch-sb-√mw-Xs∂
cn]qWmw ]oUmw {ZmKv`ria]cnlmcymw
˛ ]cn-lm-c-an-√msX F°m-ehpw XpS-cp∂ i{Xp-i-eysØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
2 DZbm[n\mtY ˛ e·m[n]≥
1 jjvtTizcmXv AXn_en\n ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]t\°mƒ
_eap≈h\mbncn°pI
2 kuay{KlmwiklntX ˛ ip`{KlßfpsS cminbn¬ Awin°pI
3 ip`ZrjvSnbpt‡ ˛ ip`{KlßfpsS ZrjvSntbm tbmKtam
D- mhpI
. 4 kutJyiztc k_te ˛ \memw`mhm[n]≥ _ehm\mbn
tI{μtImtWjp ˛ tI{μØntem {XntImWØntem \n¬°pI
F¶n¬
BtcmKy`mKyklntXm ZrVKm{Xbp‡x.˛ BtcmKyw, `mKyw, ZrVKm{Xw
Ch-bp-≈-h\mbncn°pw.
3 1 i{Xp\mtY Zpxÿmt\ ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]\p Zpÿm\ÿnXn,
\oNaqVmcnkwbptX ˛ \oNw, auVyw, i{Xp{KltbmKw
(XpS-ßnb _e-°p-d-hp-Iƒ) D- mhpI
. 2 XkvamXv _emtVy et·ti ˛ et·i\v Bdmw `mhm[n]t\°mƒ
_eap- m-hpI
3 cn]u ipt` ˛ B-dn¬ ip`-∑m¿ \n¬°pI
i{Xp\miw ˛ Ch i{Xp-\m-isØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
268
4. 1 bZv`mthibptXm sshcn\mtYm ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚ IqsS \n¬°p∂
{Klhpw
(B {KlØn\v B[n]-Xy-ap≈ `mh-hpw)
2. bZv`mhkw{inXx ˛ Bdmw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ B `mhhpw
3. jjvTÿntXm XZv`mthix ˛ Bdmw`mhØn¬ \n¬°p∂p {Klhpw
(A-Xns‚ `mh-hpw)
tX `mhmip`Xmw bbpx. ˛ Aip`sØ {]m]n°p∂p. (Zp¿∫-e-am-Ip-∂p.)
Bdmw-`mhw Zpÿm-\-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXp-amtbm AXns‚ `mhm-[n-]-\p-amtbm D≈
_‘w a‰p `mh-ß-tfbpw Ahbp-ambn _‘s∏´ {Kl-ß-tfbpw Aip-`-I-c-am-°p∂p
F∂p Npcp-°w.
9. Ggmw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
(20)
kXv kw_‘bptX k]vX¿t£ XZoti _em\zntX
]Xn ]p{XhXo km[zo `mcym k¿hKpssW¿hyXm.
kXv kw_‘bptX k]vX¿£ ˛ Ggmw`mhw ip`{KltØmsSbpw
XZoti _em\zntX ˛ Ggmw`mhm[n]≥ _ehm\mbpw Ccp∂m¬
]Xn ]p{XhXo km[zo `mcym ˛ `mcy ]Xn{hXbpw ]p{Xcp≈hfpw
k¿hKpssW¿hyXm. ˛ kº∂bpambncn°pw.
10. F´mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃ (21)
tI{μmZ\y{X ct{‘ti et·im±p¿_te kXn
hym[n¿∂ hnLv\w \ t¢iw \rWmambp›ncw `thXv.
tI{μmZ\y{X ct{‘ti ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]≥ tI{μßsfmgn®p≈
ÿm\ßfn¬ \n¬°pI;
et·imx Zp¿_te kXn ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]\v e·m[n]t\°mƒ _ew
Ipd™ncn°pI; F¶n¬
hym[nx \ hnLv\w \ t¢iw ˛ hym[nbpw hnLv\hpw t¢ihpw
D- mIn√.
\rWmambp›ncw `thXv ˛ a\pjy\p Zo¿Lmbp v D- m-hp-I-bpw
sNøpw.
11 HºXmw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃ (22)
[¿ta IptP hm kqtcy hm Zptÿ X∂mbtI kXn
]m]a≤yKtX hm f ]n ]nXracWmamZntiXv.
269
(23)
Znhm kqtcy \nim atμ kptÿ ip`\nco£ntX
[¿tati _ekwbpt‡ Nncw Po]Xn XXv]nXm.
(24)
i\n¿`mKym[n]x kymt®®-ctÿm ipt`-£nXx
kqtcym Zpÿm-\-tK f -]y-\y -f ]n-Xcw lyp]-Po-h-Xn.
(25)
aμmctbmx ioXcpNu N kqtcym
{XntImWtK X÷\\o ]nXr`ymw
Xyt‡m `th—{I]ptcmlntX\
ZrjvtS X\qtP0 f kvXn kpJo Nncmbpx
(26)
[¿ta XZoti hm aμbpt‡ ZrjvtS f ]n hm Ntc
PmtXm ZtØm `th∂q\w hytbti _eimen\n.
1 [¿ta IptP hm kqtcy ˛ HºXn¬ IpPt\m kqcyt\m \n¬°pItbm
hm Zptÿ X∂mbtI kXn ˛ HºXmw`mhm[n]Xn Zpÿm\Øp {6-˛8-˛12)
\n¬°pItbm
]m]a≤yKtX hm ˛ HºXmw`mhm[n]Xn°p ]m]a≤yÿnXn
hcpItbm (sNbvXm¬)
]nXracWw BZntiXv. ˛ ]nXracWw ]dbWw.
2 Znhm kqtcy \nim atμ ˛ ]I¬ P\\Øn¬ kqcy\pw
cm{XnP\\Øn¬ i\nbpw
kptÿ ip`\nco£ntX ˛ ip`ÿm\ßfn¬ ip`ZrjvSntbmsS
\n¬°pIbpw
[¿tati _ekwbpt‡ ˛ HºXmw`mhm[n]\p_eap- mbncn°pIbpw
sNbvXm¬
Nncw Po]Xn XXv]nXm. ˛ PmXIs‚ ]nXmhn\p Zo¿Lmbp p- mIpw
3 i\n `mKym[n]x Nctÿm ˛ i\n HºXmw`mhm[n]\mbn Nccminbn¬,
\ ipt`£nXx ˛ ip`ZrjvSnbn√msX \n¬°pI
kqtcym Zpxÿm\tK ˛ kqcy≥ Zpÿm\Øp \n¬°pI
A\y]nXcw ln D]PohXn ˛ F¶n¬, A\y]nXmhns\ B{ibnt°- nhcpw.
4 ioXcpNu N kqtcym ˛ N{\pw kqcy\pw
aμmctbmx XntImWtK ˛ i\nIpP∑mcpsS
{XntImWØn¬ \n∂m¬
X÷\\o ]nXr`ymw Xyt‡m `thXv ˛ amXm]nXm°fm¬ Dt]£n°s∏Spw.
i{I]ptcmlntX\ ZrjvtS ˛ hymgZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬
X\qP kpJo Nncmbpx AkvXn ˛ B ]p{X≥ kpJnbmbpw Zo¿Lmbp mbpw
Pohn°pw
5 [¿tΩ XZoti hm aμbpt‡ ˛ HºXmw`mhØntem Hº-Xmw-`m-hm-[n-]-s‚-
IqsStbm i\n- \n¬°pI
ZrjvtS]n hm ˛ As√-¶n¬ Ah i\nbm¬ t\m°∏SpI
Ntc ˛ HºXmw`mhw NccminbmhpI
hytbti _eimen\n. ˛ ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]Xn _ehm\mbncn°pI
270
F¶n¬
PmtXm ZtØm `thXv \q\w ˛ PmX-I≥ ZØp]p{X\mIpw.
12 ]Ømw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃ (27)
\`kn ip`JtKm hm XXv]Xu tIμtImtW
_en\n \nP{Ktlmt® I¿atK e·t] hm
alnX]rYpbimx kym≤¿ΩI¿Ω(1) {]hrØn¿˛
\r]XnkZri`mKyw Zo¿Lambp› Xky. (1) ]mT-t`Zw : hrØ
(28)
Du¿Pkzo P\h√t`m ZiatK kqtcy IptP hm alXv
Imcyw km[bXn {]Xm]_lpew tJi› kptÿm bZn
khvym]mchXow {Inbmw hnX\ptX kutayjp kNv«mLnXmw
I¿atÿjzlnaμtIXpjp `thZpjvI¿aImco \cx.
1. \`kn ip`JtKm hm ˛ ]Øn¬ ip`{Kl߃ \n¬°pI
XXv]Xu ˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]≥
tI{μtImtW ˛ tI{μØntem {XntImWØntem
\nP{Ktlmt® ˛ kzt£{XØntem D®Øntem
_en\n ˛ _ehm\mbn \n¬°pI
I¿atK e·t] hm ˛ e·m[n]≥ ]Øn¬ \n¬°pI
AXm-b-Xv, ]Ømw-`m-h-Øn¬ ip`{Kl-ÿn-Xnbpw e·m-[n-]ÿnXnbpw
]Ømw-`m-hm[n-]\p {Kl-_ehpw Ds- -¶n¬
alnX]rYpbimx ˛ PmXI≥ hfsc bit msS
kymXv [¿ΩI¿Ω{]hrØn¿ ˛ [m¿ΩnI{]h¿ØnIƒ sNbvXv
\r]XnkZri`mKyw ˛ cmPmhns\t∏mse `mKyhpw
Zo¿Lambpx N Xky. ˛ Zo¿Lmbp pw D≈h\mbn Pohn°pw
.2. ZiatK kqtcy IptP hm ˛ ]Øn¬ kqcy≥ As√-¶n¬ IpP≥ \n∂m¬
Du¿Pkzo P\h√t`m ˛ i‡-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbmIpw,
alXvImcyw km[bXn ˛ henb Imcy߃ km[n°pw.
3. tJi› kptÿm bZn ˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]≥ kpÿ\msW¶n¬
{]Xm]_lpew {]Xm]nbmIpw.
4. kutayjp ˛ ip`-{K-l-߃ \n∂m¬
kZvhym]mchXow {Inbmw ˛ ip`I¿Ω߃ sNøp∂h\pw
kXv «mLnXmw ˛ kØp°fm¬ «mLn°∏Sp∂h\pamIpw.
5. Aln aμ tIXpjp I¿atÿjp ˛ ]Øn¬ i\ntbm cmlp-tI-Xp-°tfm
\n∂m¬
`thZpjvI¿ΩImco \cx. ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω߃ sNøp∂h\mIpw.
271
13 ]Xns\m∂mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
(29)
emt`ti bZv`mh\mYbpt‡m bZv`mhtK f ]n hm
em`w(1) XZ\pcq]ky hkvXpt\m em`ssKc]n. (1) ]mTt`Zw: `mhw
1. emt`ti bZv`mh\mYbpt‡ ˛ emt`i≥ GXp `mh\mYs‚ IqsS
\n¬°p∂pthm
2. bZv`mhtK]n hm ˛ emt`i≥ GXp `mhØn¬ \n¬°p∂pthm
3. em`ssKc]n. ˛ em`Øn¬ GsX√mw {Kl߃
\n¬°p∂pthm
XZ\pcq]ky hkvXpt\m ˛ AXn\\pkcn®p≈ hkvXp°fpsS
em`ap- mIpw.
]Xn-s\m-∂mw-`m-hhpw ]Xn-s\m∂mw`mhm-[n-]-\p-ambn _‘-ap≈ {Kl-ßfpw `mh-
ßfpw em`-Øn-s‚, hcp-am-\-Øns‚, hgn-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
14. ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]s‚ ÿnXn A\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^e-߃
(30)
hybÿntXm bZv`mthtim hytbtim b{X XnjvTXn
Xky `mhkym\pcq]hkvXpt\m \miamZntiXv.
hybÿntXm bZv`mthtim ˛ ]{¥- n¬ \n¬°p∂ `mhm-[n-]\pw
hytbtim b{X XnjvTXn ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ `mhhpw
A\pkcn®v
Xky `mhky A\pcq]hkvXpt\m ˛ B `mhØn\v A\pcq]amb hkvXp°fpsS
\miamZntiXv. ˛ \miw ]dbWw.
]{μ- n¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-Øn\v B[n-]-Xy-ap≈ `mhhpw ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n-]≥
\n¬°p∂ `mhhpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw \mi-Øpn-s‚, Nne-hns‚, hgn-Iƒ.
15. `mhkn≤nImew
(31)
`mthiÿnX`mwitImWa]n hm `mhw Xp hm e·t]m
et·iÿnX`mwitImWapZbw hm bmXn `mhm[n]x
kwtbmtK f ]n hntemIt\ f ]n N XtbmkvX¤mhkn≤nw XZm
{_qbmXv ImcItbmKXkvX\p]tX¿√·m® N{μmZ]n.
1. `mthi ÿnX ˛- `mh\mY≥ \n¬°p∂
`mwi cminbptStbm AwiIØnt‚tbm
tImWa]n hm ˛ {XntImWØntem
`mhw ˛ `mhØntem
e·t]m ˛ e·m[n]≥ hcp∂ kabtØm
272
2. et·iÿnX ˛ e·m[n]≥ \n¬°p∂
`mwi ˛ cminbptStbm AwiIØns‚tbm
tImWw ˛ {XntImWØntem
DZbw ˛ e·Øntem
bmXn `mhm[n]x ˛ `mh\mY≥ hcp∂ kabtØm
3. Xtbm ˛ c- p t]cpw (e-·m-[n-]\pw `mh-\m-Y-\pw)
XΩn¬
hntemIt\]n N ˛ tbmK-tam ZrjvSntbm hcp∂ ka-bØpw
XXv `mhkn≤nw XZm ˛ mh-kn-≤n-bp-- mIpw.
4. ImcItbmKXx X\p]tXx ˛ `mh-Im-c-I\pw e·m-[n-]\pw XΩn¬ _‘w
hcp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®pw (Im-c-I≥ tKmN-c-Øn¬
e·m-[n-]≥ \n¬°p∂ `mh-Øn¬ hcp-
tºmgpw) `mh-kn-≤n-bp-- mIpw.
5. {_qbmXv e·mXv N N{μmZ]n. ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw ]d-b-Ww.
(CXp Nn-¥n-°-Ww.)
(32)
bZv`mthiÿnX¿£mwi{XntImWtÿ Kpcp¿ bZm
tKmNtc Xky `mhky ^e{]m]vXnw hn\n¿±tiXv.
bXv `mthi ÿnXx ˛ `mthi≥ \n¬°p∂
E£mwi {XntImWtÿm ˛ cminbptStbm AwiIØnt‚tbm
{XntImWØn¬
Kpcpx bZm tKmNtc ˛ hymgw Nmchim¬ hcptºmƒ
Xky `mhky ^e{]m]vXnw hn\n¿±tiXv ˛ B `mhØns‚ ^e{]m]vXn ]d-b-Ww.
(33)
e·mcn\mYtbmtK Xp et·im±p¿∫te chu
XZm XZziKx i{Xp¿hn]coXatXm f \yYm.
e·mcn\mYtbmtKm Xp ˛ e·m[n]\pw Bdmw-`m-hm-[n]\pw XΩn¬
(tKmN-c-Øn¬) tbmKap- mhpIbpw
et·im±p¿∫te chu ˛ chnbv°p e·m[n]t\°mƒ _ew
Ipd™ncn°pIbpw sNbvXm¬
XZm XZziKx i{Xp ˛ i{Xp°ƒ PmXIs‚ A[o\XbnemIpw.
¿hn]coXatXm f \yYm. ˛ hn]coXambm¬ PmXI≥ ]cm[o\X
bnepamIpw.
(34)
bZv`mh]ky X\p]ky `hXycnXzw
XXvImei{XphitXm f cnarXnkvYnXn¿hm
kv]¿≤mw XZm hZXp tX\ N tKmNcÿ˛
kvXZzXv kplrXza]n kwbpXnssa{XX›.
273
bZv`mh]ky X\p]ky `hXn AcnXzw XXvImei{XphiXx
˛ mhm[n]\pw e·m[n]\pw (tKmN-c-Øn¬)
XXvImei{Xp°fmIpI
AcnarXnkvYnXn¿hm ˛ A√-¶n¬ (]ckv]cw) 6˛8 `mhßfn¬ hcpI
kv]¿≤mw XZm hZXp tX\ N ˛ F¶n¬ B `mh-kw-_-‘-ambn
hg°p- mIpsa∂p ]dbWw.
tKmNc⁄kvXZzXv kplrXza]n kwbpXn ssa{XXx N.
˛ ChcpsS kwtbmKhpw (XXvIme)ssa{Xnbpw
aqew kulrZhpw `hn°pw.
(35)
et·ibZv`mh]tbmkvXp tbmtKm
bZm XZm XXv^ekn≤nImex
`mthihotcy ip`a\yYm\y˛
√·m® N{μmZ]n Nn¥\obw.
1 et·i bXv `mh]tbmx tbmtKm et·i\pw `mhm[n]\pw XΩn¬
(NmchimXv) tbmKap- mIptºmƒ
bZm XZm XXv^ekn≤nImex ˛ B `mhØns‚ ^ew e`n°pw.
2 `mthi hotcy ip`w, A\yYm\y ˛ mthi\p _eaps- ¶n¬ ip`^ew.
Cs√¶n¬ Aip`^ew.
e·mXv N N{μmXv A]n Nn¥\obw. ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw CXp Nn¥n°Ww.
274
A≤ymbw 17.
\ncymW{]IcWw
(1)
XØZv`mhmZjvStaiÿnXmwti XXv{XntImWtK
hytbiÿnX`mwti hm atμ XZv`mh\mi\w.
1. `mh\miw hcp-∂-sX-t∏mƒ
XØXv `mhmXv ˛ GsXmcp `mh-Øn-s‚bpw
1. AjvStaiÿnXmwti ˛ (AXns‚) F´mw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂
cmin-bntem, Awi-I-Øntem
XXv {XntImWtK ˛ Ah-bpsS {XntImWØntem
hm ˛ As√¶n¬
2. hytbi ÿnX `mwti ˛ ]{¥- mw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂
cmin-bntem, Awi-I-Øntem
(Ah-bpsS {XntImWØntem)
atμ ˛ i\n -tKm-N-c-Øn¬ hcp-tºmƒ
XZv`mh\mi\w ˛ B `mhØn\p \miap- mIpw
(B `mh-sØ-sIm-- p≈ KpW-sam∂pw
D- m-hp-I-bn-√.)
{]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn-sIm- pw D≈-S-°w-sIm- pw Cu t«mIw Ign™ A≤ym-b-Ønse
31, 32 t«mI- ß-fpsS coXnbnep≈XmbXp-sIm- v AtX hn[-Øn-emWv ChnsS A¿∞w
]d-™n-´p-≈-Xpw.
(2)
ct{‘tim KpfntIm aμx Jct{Z°mWt]m f]n hm
b{X XnjvTXn XZv`mwi{XntImtW chntP arXnx
2 i\n acWw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-t∏mƒ
1. ct{‘tim ˛ AjvSam[n]Xn
2. KpfntIm ˛ KpfnI≥
3. aμx ˛ i\n
4. Jct{Z°mW] A]n hm Ccp]Ønc- mw t{Z°mWm[n]≥
275
b{X XnjvTXn ˛ Ch¿ FhnsS \n¬°p∂pthm
XZv`mwi{XntImtW ˛ B cminbntem AwiIØntem
Ah-bpsS {XntImWØntem
chntP ˛ i\n hcp∂ kabØp
arXnx acWap- mIpw.
(3)
DZyZvZrKmW\mYky XYm c{‘m[n]ky N
c{‘t{Z°mW]kym]n `mwitImtW Kpcu arXn
(4)
kzkv^pSZzmZimwti hm ct{‘iÿ \hmwitI
et·iÿ\hmwti (1) hm X{ØntImtW f ]n hm arXnx. (1) ]mT-t`Zw : et·iÿ\hmwti¿tI
3 hymgw acWw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-t∏mƒ
1. DZyXv ZrKmW\mYky ˛ e·t{Z°mWØn‚ \mYt‚tbm
2. XYm c{‘m[n]ky N ˛ AjvSam[n]t‚tbm
3. c{‘t{Z°mW]kym]n ˛ Ccp-]-Øn-c-- mw-t{Z-°m-W-\mY-t‚tbm
`mwitImtW Kpcu arXnx. ˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem ChbpsS
{XntImWßfntem
4. kzkv^pSZzmZimwti ˛ hymgØns‚ ZzmZimwØntem
5. ct{‘iÿ \hmwitI ˛ Ajvam[n]s‚ \hmwiØntem
6. et·iÿ\hmwti hm ˛ e·m[n]s‚ \hmwiØntem
X{ØntImtW f ]n hm arXnx. ˛ ChbpsS {XntImWßfntem
Kpcu arXnx. ˛ hymgw hcp∂ ImeØv acWap- mIpw.
4. N{μ≥ acWw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-t∏mƒ (5)
c{‘{]t`m¿hm `mt\m¿hm `mwitImWw KtX hn[u
arXnw htZ’¿htaX√·mXv®{μmXv N Nn¥tbXv
c{‘{]t`m hm ˛ AjvSam[n]s‚tbm
`mt\zm¿hm ˛ kqcyt‚tbm
`mwitImWw ˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem
{XntImWØntem
KtX hn[u ˛ N{μ≥ hcp∂ kabØp
arXnw htZXv k¿htaXXv. ˛ acWap- mIpw
e·mXv N{μmXv N Nn¥tbXv ˛ CXp e·wsIm- pw N{μs\s°m- pw
Nn¥n°Ww.
276
(6)
et·i lo\ baI- I`mwitImWw
{]m]vtX f Yhm i\nhnlo\ lnamwip`mwiw
bmtX Kpcu kzacWw XzY cmlplo\˛
`qkq\p`mwiIKpcu klP{]Wmix.
5 kza-c-Whpw ktlm-Z-c-a-c-Whpw
1. et·ilo\ baI- I
˛ baI- Ikv^pSØn¬\n∂pw (26:3) e·m-[n]kv^pSw-
`mwitImWw {]m]vtX
˛ Ipd®m¬ In´p∂ cminbntem AwiIØntem Ah-bpsS {XntImWßfntem,
AYhm
˛ As√-¶n¬
i\nhnlo\ lnamwi
˛ N{μ-kv^p-S-Øn¬\n∂pw i\nkv^pSw Ipd®m¬ In´p∂ cminbntem
AwiIØntem Ah-bpsS {XntImWßfntem
bmtX Kpcu kzacWw
˛ Kpcp hcp∂ kabØv PmXIs‚ acWw kw`hn°pw.
2 cmlplo\ `qkq\p`mwiIKpcu
˛ IpP-kv^pSØn¬\n∂pw cmlpkv^pSw Ipd®m¬ In´p∂ cminbntem
AwiIØntem Ah-bpsS {XntImWßfntem, Kpcp hcptºmƒ
klP{]Wmix.
˛ ktlmZc≥ acn°pw
(7)
`mt\mx I- Ih¿PnXky `h\mw˛
ti hm {XntImtW Kpcu
XmtXm \iyXn I- tIm\ KpfnI¿˛
£mwi{XntImtW i\u
A¿t°mt\μpKrlmwitImWKKpcu
Nt{μm\aμmflP˛
t£t{Xw f ti f ]yYhm {XntImWKrltK
atμ P\\ym arXnx.
6. A—s‚ acWw 1. `m\u I- Ih¿PnXky
˛ kqcykv^pS-Øn¬\n∂pw baI- Ikv^pSw Ipd®m¬ hcp∂
`h\mwti hm {XntImtW
˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem
Kpcu
˛ hymgw hcp∂ kabØv
XmtXm \iyXn
˛ A—≥ acn°pw
277
.
2. I- tIm\ KpfnI
˛ KpfnIkv^pS-Øn¬\n∂pw ba-I-- Ikv^pSw Ipd-®m¬ In´p∂ cminbntem
AwiIØntem AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem
i\u
˛ i\n hcptºmgpw A—≥ acn°pw.
7. AΩbpsS acWw . 1. A¿t°mt\μp
˛ N{μkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw kqcykv^pSw Ipd-®m¬ In´p∂
KrlmwitImWK
˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem
Kpcu
˛ hymgw hcp-tºmgpw
2 Nt{μm\aμmflP
˛ cmlpkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw N{μkv^pSw Ipd-®m¬ In´p∂
t£t{X Awti
˛ cminbntem AwiIØntem
AYhm {XntImWKrltK
˛ AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem
atμ
˛ i\n hcp-tºgpw
P\\ym arXnx.
˛ amXmhp acn-°pw.
1Cu t«mI-Øns‚ hymJym-\-ß-fn¬ henb Bi-b-°pp-g∏w ImWp-∂p-- v.
(1) GXv GXn¬\n∂pw Ipd-bv°-W-sa-∂-XmWv {][m-\ -{]-iv\w. ChnsS]d™Xns‚
t\sc hn]coXamWv Cw•ojv hymJym-\-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.
(2) ba-I-- -I-kv^p-Shpw Kpfn-I-kv^p-Shpw H∂n®p Iq´-W-sa-∂mWv c- p ae-bm-
f-hym- Jym-\-ßfnepw ImWp∂Xv. I- IDu\ KpfnI sh®p \mw Ipd-bv°p-I-bmWv
sNbvX-Xv.
(3) cmlp kv^pSØn¬\n∂pw N{μkv^pSw Ipd-bv°-W-sa-∂Xn\v Hcp ]Xn-∏n¬
ImWp-∂Xv N{μkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw hymg-kv^pSw Ipdbv°W-sa∂mWv.
8. ]p{X\miw
(8)
htZXv {]Xyc\£{X\mYm® baI- Iw
Xy‡ym XZv ht\ tImtW Kpcu ]p{Xhn\mi\w.
v{]Xyc\£{X\mYmXv ˛ {]Xyc\£{Xm[n-]-kv^p-S-Øn¬\n∂pw
baI- Iw Xy‡ym ˛ baI- Ikv^pSw Ipd®m¬ In´p∂
278
XZv`ht\ tImtW ˛ cminbntem (AwiIØntem)
AhbpsS {XntImWßfntem
Kpcu ˛ hymgw hcp-tºƒ
]p{Xhn\mi\w htZXv ˛ ]p{Xs‚ acWw kw`-hn-°p-sa∂p ]d-b-Ww.
{]Xyc\£{Xw = P∑-\-£-{X-Øn¬\n∂pw A©masØ \£-{Xw.
\£-{X\m-Y≥ = AizXn aIw aqew tIXp 7 F∂ ]´n-I-{]-Imcw hcp-∂ Zim-\m-Y-
∑m¿ Xs∂- bmWv \£-{X-\m-Y-∑m¿. (19 : 2)
(9)
e·m¿°amμnkv^pStbmKcmti˛
c[oiztcm bZv`ht\m]KkvXp
X{Zminkwtÿ ]pcplqXhtμy
XXvtImWtK hm arXntaXn PmXx.
9. kz¥w acWw
e· A¿° amμn ˛ e·w, kqcy≥, KpfnI≥
kv^pS tbmK cmti A[oiztcm ˛ Cu aq∂p kv^pSßfpw Hcp-an®p Iq´nbm¬
In´p∂ cminbpsS \mY≥
bXv `h\ D]KkvXp ˛ P\\kabØv GXp cmin-bn¬
\n∂ncp∂pthm
XXv cmin kwtÿ ˛ B cminbntem
hm ˛ As√-¶n¬
XXv tImWtK ˛ AXns‚(Aw-i-I-Øn-tem) {XntImWØntem
]pcplqXhtμy ˛ hymgw hcptºmƒ
arXntaXn PmXx. ˛ PmXI\p acWw kw`hn°mw.
(10)
amμnkv^ptS `m\pkpXw hntim[y
cmiywitImtW chntP arXnx kymXv
[qamZn ]©{Kl tbmKcmin˛
t{Z°mWbmtX f ¿°kptX N arXypx
1 amμnkv^ptS `m\pkpXw hntim[y ˛ KpfnIkv^pS-Øn¬\n∂pw i\nkv^pS
w Ipd®m¬ In´p∂
cmiywitImtW ˛ cmin, AwiIw, {XntImWw Chbn¬
. chntP arXnx kymXv ˛ i\n hcp∂ kabØp acWw D- mIpw.
2. [qamZn ]©{Kl tbmKcmin ˛ [qamZn ]©{KlßfpsS (25-:1) kv^pSßsf
Hcpan®p Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂
t{Z°mWbmtX¿°kptX N ˛ t{Z°mWØn¬ i\n hcptºmgpw
arXypx ˛ PmXI≥ acn°mw.
279
`m\pkpXw F∂Xn\p c- p aebmfw ]Xn∏pIfnepw BZnXys‚ F∂
A¿∞amWv sImSpØn´p≈Xv.
(11)
hne·amμnkv^pStbmK`mwiw
\ncymWamkw {]hZ¥n X⁄mx
\ncymWNt{μm KpfntIμptbmtKm
e·w hne·m¿°nkptXμptbmKw.
1. hne· amμn kv^pS tbmK `mwiw
˛ e·kv^pShpw KpfnIk^pShpw Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂ cmintbm AwiItam
, AXm-bX,v kqcy≥ Ah-bn¬ Nmc-him¬ hcp∂ amkw Bbncn°pw
\ncymWamkw {]hZ¥n X⁄mx
˛ \ncymWamkw.
2. \ncymWNt{μm KpfntIμptbmtKm
˛ N{μkv^pShpw KpfnIkv^pShpw Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂ cminbn¬ N{μ≥ hcp∂
Xmbncn°pw \ncym-W-cmin
.3. e·w hne· A¿°nkpX CμptbmKw.
˛ e·kv^pShpw KpfnIkv^pShpw N{μ-kv^p-Shpw* Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂Xmbn-cn°pw
\ncymWe·w (*CXnse N-{μ-kv^p-Shpw F∂Xv ae-bm-f-hym-Jym-\-ß-fn¬
ImWp∂n-√.)
(12)
amμnkv^ptSmZnX\hmwiKtX f atctUy
X±zmZimwkklntX Zn\\mYkq\u
t{Z°mWtImW`ht\ Zn\t] N arXp¿˛
√t·μpamμnbpXt`iKtXmZtb kymXv.
1. amμnkv^ptSmZnX\hmwiKtXatctUy˛ hymgw AXns‚ KpfnI\hmwiØntem
X±zmZimwiklntX Zn\\mYkq\u˛ i\n KpfnIZzmZimwiØntem
t{Z°mW tImW`ht\ Zn\t] N ˛ kqcy≥ KpfnIt{Z°mWØntem
AXns‚ {XntImWØntem
arXyp ˛ hcptºmgmbn-cn°pw ac-Ww.
2. e· Cμp amμn bpX t`i ˛ e·kv^pShpw N{μkv^pShpw KpfnI
kv^pShpw Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂ cminbpsS
\mY≥
KX DZtb ˛ \n¬°p∂ cminbpw \ncymWe·-am-Imw.
(13)
KpfnIw chnkq\pw N KpWnXzm \hkwJybm
D`tbmsscIycmiywiKrltK chntP arXnx.
280
KpfnIw chnkq\pw N ˛ KpfnIs\bpw i\n-sbbpw *
KpWnXzm \hkwJytbm ˛ HºXpsIm- p s]cp°n
D`tbmsscIy ˛ c- pw Iq´n-bm¬ In´p∂
cmiywiKrltK ˛ cminbntem AwiIcminbntem
chntP ˛ i\n hcp∂ kabØp
arXnx. ˛ acWw kw`hn°mw.
1. chn-kq\pw F∂-Xn\v Hcp aebmfw ]Xn-∏n¬ BZn-Xykv^psS F∂ A¿∞-amWv
sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
2. c- p-kv^p-S-ßfpw Iq´n-bn´v Hº-Xp-sIm- p KpWn-°-W-sa-∂mWv ae-bm-f-hym-Jym-\-
߃ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. D`tbm \n¬°p∂ ÿm\w sh®p t\m°p-tºmƒ AXp icn-b-√.
(14)
kv^ptS hne·\mYky hntim[y baI- Iw
X{Zmin \h`mKtÿ Poth arXyp¿ \ kwibx.
kv^ptS hne·\mYky ˛ e·m[n]\n¬\n∂pw
hntim[y baI- Iw -˛ baI- Is\ Ipd®m¬
XXv cmin \h`mKtÿm ˛ In´p∂ cminbntem \hmwiØntem
Poth ˛ hymgw hcp∂ kabØp
arXypx \ kwibx. acWw kw`hn°pw.
(15)
jjvTmhkm\ct{‘ikv^pssSIy`h\w KtX
X{ØntImtWm]tK hmf ]n atμ arXy`bw \rWmw.
jjvT Ahkm\ ct{‘i ˛ 6˛12˛8 Cu `mhm[n]cpsS
kv^pssSIy`h\w KtX ˛ kv^pS߃ H∂n®p Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂
cminbntem
XXv {XntImtWm]tK hm]n ˛ AXns‚ {XntImWØntem (5, 9)
atμ ˛ i\n hcptºmƒ
arXy`bw \rWmw. ˛ a\p-jy\p acW`bw (a-c-Ww) D- mIpw.
(16)
DZy±rKmW]Xn cminKtX kptctUy
Xky {XntImWa]n K—Xn hm hn\miw
c{‘{Xn`mK]XnaμnctKf Y atμ
{]m]vtX {XntImWaYhmky hZ¥n arXypw.
1. DZy±rKmW]Xn cminKtX ˛ e·w hcp∂ t{Z°mWØns‚ A[n]Xn
cminKtX ˛ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bntem
Xky {XntImWa]n ˛ AXns‚ {XntIm-W-Øntem
kptctUy ˛ hymgw
K—Xn ˛ (Nmc-h-im¬) hcp-tºmƒ
hn\miw ˛ acWw kw`-hn-°pw.
281
2. c{‘{Xn`mK]Xn aμnctK ˛ AjvS-a-t{Z-°m-W-]Xn * \n¬°p∂ cmin-
bntem
{XntImWaaY ˛ AXns‚ {XntIm-W-Øntem
atμ ˛ i\n hcp-tºmƒ
hZ¥n arXypw ˛ acWw ]d-bp-∂p.
*AjvSat{Z°mWØn\v 1) F´m-asØ t{Z°m-W-sat∂m 2) AjvSa`mhkv^pS-w
hcp∂ t{Z°m-W-sat∂m (3) AjvS-am-[n-]≥ \n¬°p∂ t{Z°m-W-sat∂m Hs° A¿∞w
]d-bmw. ae-bm-f-hym-Jym-\-߃ CXn-s\-∏‰n H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n-√. Cw•ojv hymJym-\-
{]Imcw CXv AjvS-a-`m-h-kv^pSw hcp∂ t{Z°m-W-am-Wv. tcJmw-i-kv p-S-ß-fp≈ e·-
Øn\pw {Kl-߃°pw tlmc, t{Z°m-Ww, \hmwiw XpS-ßnb h¿§-߃ ImWp∂Xp
t]mse `mh-߃°p h¿§-߃ ImWp∂ coXn km[m-c-W-a-√. e·m¬ 22-˛mw t{Z°m-W-
Øn\v Cu hnj-b-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-ap-- t√m. (17 : 2). B \nebv°v AjvS-a-`m-h-
kv^pSw hcp∂ t{Z°mWw F∂ hymJym\w icn-bp-am-Wv.
(17)
hne·P∑mjvSacmin\mYtbmx
Jc{Xn`mtKizctbmkvXtbmc]n
iim¶amtμymc]n Zp¿_emwiI
{XntI0WtK kqcykptX arXnw `thX.v
1. hne· P∑mjvSa cmin\mYtbmx ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw F´mw`mhm[n]¿
2. Jc{Xn`mtKizctbmx Xtbmc]n ˛ e·mepw N{μmepw 22˛w t{Z°mWm[n]¿
3. iim¶ ˛ N{μ≥
4. amμn ˛ Kpfn-I≥
Zp¿_e ˛ Chcn¬ Zp¿∫e\mb {Kl-Øns‚
AwiI {XntI0WtK ˛ \hmw-i-cm-in-bntem AXns‚ {XntIm-Wßfn-tem
kqcykptX ˛ i\n hcp-tºmƒ
arXnw `thX.v ˛ acWw kw`-hn-°pw.
(18)
e·m[n]ÿnX\hmwiIcminXpeyw
c{‘m[n]ky Krlam]XntX LtStix
Xkvan≥ htZ∑cWtbmKat\Iimkv{X˛
kw£pÆ`n∂aXn`nx ]cnIo¿ØnXw XXv.
e·m[n]ÿnX\hmwiIcminXpeyw ˛ e·m-[n-]≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmw-i-cm-in°p
Xpey-amb ÿm\Øv
c{‘m[n]ky Krlam]XntX LtStix ˛ F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ cmin-bn¬ i\n
hcp-tºmƒ
Xkvan≥ htZXv acWtbmKw ˛ ac-W-tbm-K-am-sW∂v
kw£pÆhn∂aXn`nx ]cnIo¿ØnXw XXv.˛ ⁄m\n-Iƒ ]d-™n-´p-- v.
282
(19)
iim¶kwbp‡ZrKmW]q¿hXx
Jc{Xn`mtKiKrlw KtX f ]n hm
{XntImWtK hm acWw icocnWmw
iin\yY kymØ\pc{‘cnx^tK.
1. iim¶kwbp‡ ZrKmW ˛ N{μt{Z°mWØntem
2. Jc{Xn`mtKiKrlw KtX f ]n hm (N{μt{Z°mWØn¬ \n∂pw) Ccp]Øn
n c- mw t{Z°mWm[n]s‚ cminbntem
3. {XntImWtK ˛ AXns‚ {XntImWßfntem
4. X\pc{‘cnx^tK. ˛ 1˛8˛12 `mhßfntem
iin\n ˛ N{μ≥ hcptºmƒ
acWw icocnWmw ˛ acWw D- mIpw.
(20)
\n[t\izcKXcmiu `m\zmhnμu Xp `m\pKXcmiu
\n[\m[n]kwbpt‡ \£t{X \n¿±ntiXv acWw.
1. \n[t\izcKXcmiu `m\p ˛ kqcy≥ AjvSam[n]Xn \n¬°p∂
cminbntem
2. Cμu Xp `m\pKXcmiu ˛ N{μ≥ kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbntem
3. \n[\m[n]kwbpt‡ \£t{X ˛ N{μ≥ AjvSam[n]Xn \n¬°p∂
\£{XØntem hcp-tºmƒ
\n¿±ntiXv acWw. acWw ]d-b-Ww.
AjvSam-[n-]Xn \n¬°p∂ cmin-bntem BZn-Xy-N-{μ-∑m-cntem BZn-Xy≥ \n¬°p∂
cmin-bntem AjvS-am-[n-]Xn tNcp∂ \£-{X-Øn¬ acWw kw`-hn°pw F∂mWv sIm√w
]Xn-∏nse hymJy-m\w. sImSp-ß-√q¿ ]Xn-∏n¬ AXv AtX ]Sn ]I¿Øn-sh-®n-cn-°p∂p!
(21)
tbm cmin¿KpfntImt]Xx X{ØntImWKtX i\u
acWw \ninPmXm\mw ZnhnPm\mw XZkvXtI.
acWw \ninPmXm\mw ˛ cm{Xn P\n-®-h-cpsS acWw
tbm cminx KpfntImt]Xx -˛ (PmX-I-Øn¬) Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin
GXmtWm
XXv {XntImWKtX i\u ˛ AXns‚ {XntIm-W-ßfn¬ i\n
(Nmc-h-im¬) hcp-tºmƒ kw`-hn-°pw.
ZnhnPm\mw ˛ ]I¬ P\n-®-h-cpsS acWw
XZkvXtI ˛ Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS Ggmwcminbn¬
i\n hcptºmgmbn-cn-°pw.
(22)
Kpcpcmlpkv^pssSIyky cminw bmtX Kpcu bZm
XZm Xp \n[\w hnZym{ØntImWKtX f Yhm.
283
Kpcp cmlp kv^pssSIyky cminw ˛ hymgkv^pShpw cmlpkv^pShpw Iq´nbm¬
In´p∂ cminbntem
XXv {XntImWtK ˛ AXns‚ {XntImWßfntem
bmtX Kpcu ˛ hymgw hcptºmƒ
\n[\w ˛ acWw kw`hn°pw.
(23)
AjvSaky {Xn`mKmwi]XnÿnXKrlw i\u
XZoi\h`mK¿£w KtX hm acWw `thXv.
1. AjvSaky.... ˛ AjvSaØns‚(A-jvS-a-`m-h-kv^pSw hcp∂)
t{Z°mWØns‚ \hmwiØns‚ \mY-\mb
{Klw \n¬°p∂ cminbntem
2. XZo-i... ˛ AjvSam[n]s‚ \hmwiw hcp∂
cminbntem
i\u ˛ i\n hcp∂ ImeØp
acWw `thXv ˛ acWw kw`hn°pw.
(24)
P∑Imte i\u bky P∑mjvSa]tXc]n
cmticwiIcmti¿hm {XntImWtÿ i\u arXnx
P∑Imte i\u ˛ P\\ka-bØp i\ntbm
P∑mjvSa]tXc]n ˛ F´mw`mhm[n]Xntbm \n∂
cmti ˛ cminbntem
AwiIcmti¿hm ˛ AwiIcminbntem Ah-bpsS {XntIm-W-ß-
fntem i\n hcp∂ ImeØv
arXnx ˛ acWw kw`hn°pw.
i\nbpw AjvS-am-[n-]-\pw \n∂ cmin°p ]pd-sa, Cw•ojv hymJym-\-ß-fn¬, P∑w
F∂ hm°ns‚ {]tXyI A¿∞w (P-∑-cm-in) IW-°n-se-SpØv, N{μ≥ \n∂ cmin-bpsS
A[n]-≥ \n∂ cmin-IqSn ]d-bp-∂p-- v.
(25)
ct{‘izcmZymhXn t` amμnkvXmhXn t` XXx
i\nt›∑cWw {_qbmZnXn kZvKpcp`mjnXw.
ct{‘izcmZymhXn t` ˛ AjvSam[n]≥ \n¬°p∂ cminapX¬
amμnkvXmhXn t` XXx ˛ KpfnI≥ -\n¬°p∂ cminhsc F{X
cminbpt- m
Kpfn-I-\n¬\n∂pw A{XmasØ cminbn¬
i\n tNXv acWw {_qbmXv ˛ i\n hcptºmƒ acWw ]d-bWw
CXn kZvKp-cp-`m-jnXw ˛ F∂v BNm-cy-∑m¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.
284
(26)
P∑Imeo\ `rKpPmXv Imai{Xphytb chu
acWw \n›nXw {_qbmZnXn kZvKpcp`mjnXw.
P∑Imeo\ `rKpPmXv ˛ P\\ka-bØp ip{I≥ \n∂ cminbpsS
Imai{Xphytb chu ˛ 7˛6˛12 cminIfn¬ kqcy≥ hcptºmgpw
acWw \n›nXw {_qbmXv ˛ acWw ]d-bWw
kZvKpcp`mjnXw ˛ F∂v BNm-cy-∑m¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.
(27)
XnjvT¥yjvSacnx^jjvT]Xtbm
c{‘{Xn`mtKiztcm
amμycyZv`ht\jp tXjz]n Krtl
jzm¿°oUykqtcyμhx
k¿th NmchimXv {]bm¥n ln bZm
arXypkvXZm kym∂rWmw
tXjmawihimZzZ¥p \n[\w
XØXv{XntImtW f ]n hm.
AjvSa cnx^] jjvT]Xtbm ˛ 8˛12˛6 `mhßfpsS A[n]∑m¿
c{‘{Xn`mtKiztcm ˛ AjvSat{Z°mWm[n]Xn
(Ccp]Ønc- mw t{Z°Wm[n]≥)
amμn ˛ Kpfn-I≥
XnjvT¥n / bZv`-h-t\jp tXjz]n ˛ F∂o {Kl-߃ \n¬°p∂ cminIfnepw
Awi-h-imXv ˛ AwiIcminIfnepw
XØXv{XntImtW f ]n hm. ˛ Ah-bpsS {XntImWcminIfnepw
A¿°n CuUy kqcy Cμh ˛ i\n, hymgw, kqcy≥, N{μ≥
k¿th NmchimXv {]bm¥n ˛ Chsc√mw tKmNchim¬ hcptºmgpw
arXypkvXZm kym∂rWmw ˛ acWw kw`hn°pw
285
A≤ymbw 18
Zzn{K-l-tbm-K^eßfpw ]{μ-s\ a‰p {Kl-߃
ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-ßfpw a‰pw
tlmcm-im-kv{X-Ønse ]Xn-\memw A≤ymbØnepw (Zzn-{K-l-tbm-K-{]-I-c-Ww), ]Xn-
t\gmw A≤ymbØnepw (Zr-jvSn-{]-I-c-Ww) hnh-cn-®n-´p≈ hnj-b-ß-fmWv ^e-Zo-]nI Cu
A≤ym-b-Øn¬ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv.
1. t«mIw 1˛5 :
c- p {Kl-߃ Hcp cmin-bn¬ \n∂m-ep≈ ^e-߃.
Cu A©p t«mI-ßfpw tlmcm-imkv{Xw ]Xn-\memw A≤ym-b-Øn¬\n∂p-
ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. A]q¿hw Nne hm°p-Iƒ°p -am-{Xta am‰-ap-≈q.
2. t«mIw 6˛11 :
taSw XpS-ßnb ]{¥- p cmin-Ifn¬ \n¬°p∂ ]{μ-s\ a‰p {Kl-߃
ZrjvSn- sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-߃. {]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xnbpw t«mI-ßfpw tlmcm-
imkv{X-Øn¬\n-∂pw `n∂-am-Wv.
3. t«mIw 12-˛15:.
IpP≥ XpS-ßnb Ggp {Kl-ß-fp-tSbpw Awi-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ-s\
a‰p {Kl-߃ ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-߃.
tlmcm-imkv{Xw ]Xn-t\gmw A≤ym-b-Ønse t«mI-߃ (5-˛8) Xs∂-bm-Wv Ch.
4. t«mIw 16:
apI-fn¬ ]d™ Awi߃ \hmw-i-߃ Xs∂bmIp∂p F∂v.
5. t«mIw 17:
CjvS-I-jvS-^-e-߃.
286
1. Hcp cminbn¬ c- p {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^ew
(1)
Xn‹mwiq¿P\bXyptj (1) iklntXm b{{¥mivaImcw \cw
`uta\mLcXw _pt[\ \n]pWw [oIo¿ØnkuJym\znXw
{Iqcw hmIv]Xn\m\yImcy\ncXw ipt{IW cwKmbpss[¿v˛
e_v[kzw chntP\ [mXpIpiew `mfi{]Imtcjp hm.
(1) ]mT-t`-Zw: P\-b-tY-μp-k-lntXm ˛ tlmcm.
1. kqcy\pw a‰p {Klßfpw 1.. Xn‹mwiqx DtjiklntXm ˛ kqcy\pw N{μ\pw tN¿∂m¬
b{¥mivaImcw \cw ˛ b{¥Imc≥ : b{¥-߃ D- m-°p-Itbm
D]-tbmKn°p-Itbm sNøp∂-h≥
AivaImc≥: Aivaw ˛ I√v, I¬∏-Wn-°m-ct\m, I√n¬ sImØp-]WnIƒ
sNøp-∂-ht\m cXv\-߃ an\p-°p-∂ht\m BImw.
2. `uta\ ˛ kqcy\pw IpP\pw
ALcXw ˛ ]m]I¿Ω߃ sNøp-∂-h≥
3. _pt[\ ˛ kqcy\pw _p[\pw
\n]pWw [o Io¿Øn kuJyw ˛ kma¿∞yw, _p≤n, {]i-kvXn, kpJw
4. hmIv]Xn ˛ kqcy\pw hymghpw
{Iqcw A\yImcy\ncXw ˛ {Iqc≥, A\ycpsS Imcyßfn¬ \ncX≥
5. ipt{IW ˛ kqcy\pw ip{I\pw
cwKmbpss[x e_v[kzw ˛ Acßpw B-bp-[hpambn _‘-s∏´
hcp-am-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥
6. chntP\ ˛ kqcy\pw i\nbpw
[mXp Ipiew ˛ [mXp°fp-amtbm tem-l-ß-fp-am-tbm
_‘s∏-´ sXmgn-ep-I-fn¬ ka¿∞≥
`mfi{]Imcw ˛ temlßfn¬ ]m{X-ßfpw a‰pw
D- m°p∂h≥
(2)
IpSkv{XymkhIpw`]Wyainhw amXpx kh{Ix iio
k⁄x {]{inXhmIya¿∞\n]pWw ku`mKyIo¿Xy\znXw
hn{Im¥w IpeapJyaÿncaXnw hntØizcw kmwKncm
hkv{XmWmw kknXx {IbmZnIpiew km¿°nx ]p\¿`qkpXw.
2. N{μ\pw a‰p {Klßfpw 1.. kh{Ix iio ˛ N{μ\pw IpP\pw
IpSw, kv{Xo Bkh Ipw` ]Wn ˛ IqSw, kv{Xo, aZyw, IpSw Ch-bp-ambn _‘-
s∏´ IS \S-Øp-∂-h≥/hym]mcw sNøph≥
Ainhw amXpx ˛ amXmhn\v AawKfw / ZpJw D- m-°p-∂-h≥
. 2. k⁄x ˛ N{μ\pw _p[\pw
{]{inXhmIyw ˛ hn\-b-tØm-sS kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h≥
287
A¿∞\n]pWw ˛ kmº-Øn-I-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ka¿∞≥
ku`mKyIo¿Øn A\znXw ˛ `mKyhpw Io¿Øn-bp-ap-≈-h≥.
3. kmwKncm ˛ kAwKnc ˛ N{μ\pw Kpcphpw
hn{Im¥w ˛ Io-g-S-°p-∂-h≥ / ]cm-{Ian
IpeapJyw ˛ Ipe-]-Xn
ÿncaXnw * ˛ ÿn-c-_p≤n
hntØizcw ˛ [\nI≥.
* AÿncaXn ˛ ^eZo]nIbnepw t]mcmimkv{XØnepw CXv AÿncaXn
F∂p Xs∂bmWv.. F∂m¬ a\ ns‚ ImcI\mb N{μ\v ip`\mb hymghpambp≈
_‘w Aip`^ew D- m°pIbn√. IpeapJyw ÿncaXnw F∂mWp icn.
4. kknXx ˛ N{μ\pw ip{I\pw
hkv{XmWmw {IbmZnIpiew ˛ hkv{Xhym]mcØn¬ ka¿∞≥
5. km¿°nx ˛ kA¿°n ˛ N{μ\pw i\nbpw
]p\¿`qkpXw. ˛ ]p\¿hnhmlnXbpsS ]p{X≥
(3)
aqemZnkvt\lIqssS¿hyhlcXn hWnIv
_mlptbm≤m kkutay
]pcy≤y£x kPoth `hXn \c]Xn˛
{]m]vXhntØm ZzntPm hm
tKmt]m at√m f Y Z£x ]cbphXnctXm
ZyqXIrXv kmkptctUy
ZpJm¿tØm f kXyk‘x kkhnXrX\tb
`qantP \nμnX›.
3. IpP\pw a‰p {Klßfpw
1. kkutay ˛ IpP\pw _p[\pw
aqemZn kvt\l IqssSx ... hWnIv ˛ thcv, FÆ, IqSw* XpSßnbh I®hSw
sNøph≥
_mlptbm≤m ˛ KpkvXn°mc≥
* IqSw : (18/2,3) IqSØn\v i_vZXmcmhenbn¬ sImSpapSn, Im]Syw, Krlw, sIWn
XpSßn 23 A¿∞߃ sImSpØn´p- .v tlmcm FgpXs∏´Xv 1500 h¿jw apºmWv.
A°mcywIqSn IW°nseSpt°- Xp- v.
2. kPoth ˛ IpP\pw Kpcphpw
]pcy≤y£ ˛ \Kcm≤y£≥,
\c]Xn{]m]vXhntØm ZzntPm hm˛ As√¶n¬ cmPmhn¬\n∂pw In´nb
[\tØmSpIqSnb {_m“W≥ **
**ZzntPm : tlmcmhymJym\Øn¬ “ HcmfpsS ]p{X\pw as‰mcmfpsS ZØp]p{X
\pw “ (As√¶n¬ hf¿Øp aI\pw) F∂ A¿∞hpw sImSpØp ImWp∂p. hymgØn\p
288
]m]\mb IpPs‚ _‘w h∂XmWv ]nXrKpWm\p`hØn\v Cßs\sbmcp am\w
sImSpØXv. £{Xnb[\{]Xm]ap≈ {_m“Ws\∂ hymJym\hpw kμ¿`Øn\p
tbmPn°p∂Xp Xs∂bmWv.
3. kAkptctUy -˛ IpP\pw ip {I\pw
tKmt]m ˛ ]ip°sf kwc£n°p∂h≥,
a√≥ ˛ KpkvXn°mc≥
Z£≥ ˛ ka¿∞≥
]cbphXnctXm ˛ A\ykv{XoIfn¬ Xev]c≥
ZyqXIrXv ˛ NqXpIfn°mc≥
4. kkhnXrX\tb `qantP ˛ IpP\pw i\nbpw
ZpJm¿tØm ˛ ZpJnX≥
AkXyk‘ ˛ kXyk‘\√mØh≥
\nμnXx N ˛ \nμnX≥.
(4)
kutay cwKNtcm _rlkv]XnbptX
KoX{]ntbm \rØhn˛
Zzm‹o `qKW]x kntX\ arZp\m
ambm]Sp¿eºSx (1)
kZzntZym [\Zmchm≥ _lpKpWx
ipt{IW bpt‡ Kpcu
t⁄bx iva{ipItcm f kntX\ LSIrXv
÷mtXm (2) f ∂Imtcm f ]n hm.
]mTt`Zw:
(1) ewLIx (tlmcm) -˛ ewLIx˛ Kpcphns\/BNmcßsf ewLn°p∂h≥, [n°mcn
(2) Zmtkm (tlmcm)
4. _p[\pw a‰p {Klßfpw
1. kutay _rlkv]XnbptX ˛ _p[\pw Kpcphpw
cwKNtcm ˛ Acßn¬ \rØw, \mSIw apXembh
AhXcn∏n°p∂h≥
KoX{]ntbm ˛ Km\߃ CjvSs∏Sp∂h≥
\rØhnXv ˛ \¿ØI≥
2. kntX\ ˛ _p[\pw ip{I\pw
hm‹n ˛ hm‹n, {]`mjI≥
`qKW]x ˛ `qhpSa, `cWm[nImcn
3. arZp\m ˛ _p[\pw i\nbpw
ambm]Spx ˛ I_fn∏n°p∂h≥,
eºS≥ ˛ hy`nNmcn.
289
5. hymghpw a‰p {Klßfpw
1. ipt{IW bpt‡ Kpcu ˛ Kpcphpw ip {I\pw
kXv hntZym ˛ hnZymkº∂≥
[\Zmchm≥ ˛ [\hpw Zmc (ZmºXy) kpJhpap≈h≥
_lpKpWx ˛ hfsc (\√) KpWßtfmSpIqSnbh≥
(ZmcØn\mWv _lpKpWw F∂
hymJym\hpap- v.)
AkntX\ ˛ Kpcphpw i\nbpw
iva{ipItcm ˛ £pcI≥,
LSIrXv ˛ IpSw (a¨]m{X߃) D- m°p∂h≥
Zmtkm ˛ the°mc≥
A∂Imtcm ˛ ASp°f°mc≥.
(5)
AknXknXkamKta f ¬]N£p¿˛
bphXnkam{ib (1) kw{]hr≤hnØx
`hXn N en]n ]pkvX(I)Nn{XthØm
IYnX^ssex ]ctXm hnI¬]\obmx.(2)
]mTt`Zw: (1) bphXnP\m{ib ˛ tlmcm
(2) ]ctXm f ]tc hnI¬]ymx.˛ tlmcm,
5. ip{I\pw i\nbpw AknX knX kamKta ˛ i\nbpw ip{I\pw
A¬]N£p ˛ ImgvNi‡n Ipdhv
bphXnkam{ibkw{]hr≤hnØx ˛ kv{XoklmbwsIm- v h¿≤n® [\tØmSp
IqSnbh≥
`hXn N en]n ]pkvX(I)Nn{XthØm˛FgpØpIm≥, Nn{XImc≥
c- ne[nIw {KlßfpsS tbmKw IYnX^ssex ]ctXm hnI¬]\obmx.
˛ ChnsS ]dbmØh (c- ne[nIw {KlßfpsS tbmK^ew) CtX coXnbn¬
Nn¥n®v Adn™psIm≈Ww.
2. ZrjvSn^ew
(6)
`qt]m hnZzm≥ `q]Xn¿`p]Xpeyx
Nt{μ tatj tamjtIm \n¿≤\›
\nkzx kvtXt\m temIamt\ym aloix
kzmVyx t{]jy›m]n ZrjvtS IpPmssZyx (1)
(1) ]mTt`Zw: kzmVyx t{]tjym KhyYmcmZnZrjvtS ˛ sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏v.
290
1. taSØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
`qt]m hnZzm≥ `q]Xn `p]Xpey tamjIm \n¿≤\
cmPmhv hnZzm≥ cmPmhv cmPmhn\p I≈≥ Zcn{Z≥
ka≥
2. CShØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
\nkzx kvtX\ temIam\y aloix (kz)BVy t{]jy
Zcn{Z≥ I≈≥ _lpam\nX≥ cmPmhv [\mVy≥ `rXy≥, ZqX≥
(7)
bp‹tÿ f tbmPohn`q]⁄[rjvSm˛
›t{μ ZrjvtS X¥phmtbm [\o N
kz¿£ tbm[{]m⁄kqcn£nXoim
temlmPothm t\{XtcmKo {ItaW.
3. anYp\Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
AtbmPohn q] ⁄ [rjvS X¥phmb [\o
sIm√≥ cmPmhv ⁄m\n [oc≥ s\bvØp [\nI≥
Imc≥
4. I¿°SIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kpcy≥
tbm[ {]m⁄ kqcn £nXoi temlmPoh t\{XtcmKo
tbm≤m hnZzm≥ ]finX≥ cmPmhv sIm√≥ t\{XtcmKn
(8)
cmPm tPymXn¿hn≤\mtVym \tct{μm
knwtl Nt{μ \m]nXx ]m¿∞nth{μx
Zt£m `q]x ssk\y]x I\yImbmw
\njvWmXx kymZv `qan\mY› `q]x.
5. NnßØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kpcy≥
cmPm tPymXn¿hnXv [\mVy \tc{μ \m]nX ]m¿∞nth{μ
cmPmhv tPymXnj [\nI≥ cmPmhv £pcI≥ cmPmhv
]finX≥
291
6. I∂nbn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kpcy≥
Z£ `q] ssk\y] \njvWmX `qan\mY `q]
ka¿∞≥ cmPmhv ssk\ym[n]≥ ka¿∞≥ cmPmhv cmPmhv
(9)
itTm \r]kvXuen\n cpIvaImc-˛
›t{μ hWnIv kymXv ]nip\x Je›
IotS \rt]m bp‹]nXm (1) aloix
kymZzkv{XPoho hnIrXmwKhnØx (2)
.7. XpemØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
iT \r] cpIvaImcx hWnIv ]nip\x Je
iT≥ cmPmhv X´m≥ I®]Sw NXnb≥ ZpjvS≥
8. hr›nIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
\rt]m bp‹]nXm aloix hkv{XPohn hnIrXmwK \nkz
cmPmhv .... cmPmhv hkv{X hnIemwK≥ Zcn{Z≥
hym]mcw
A¿∞t`Zw
bp‹]nXm -˛ hymJym\t`Zw::
1. Cc´°p´nIfpsS A—≥ (Cw•ojv hymJym\߃)
2. c- p ]nXm°fp≈h≥ (aebmfw hymJym\߃)
]mTt`Z߃
hkv{XPohn ˛
i{XppPohn ˛ i{Xp°sfs°m- p Pohn°p∂h≥
iva{ipPohn ˛ cPI≥
(iva{ipPohn cPI\√, £pcI\mWv).
ip{I_‘ambXn\m¬ hkv{Xw (2/6) BWv icnsb∂p tXm∂p∂p..
(10)
[q¿tXm lbmwtK kzP\w Pt\iw
\cuLam{inXy (1) iTx kZw`x
`qt]m \tc{ix £nXnt]m hn]›n˛
≤\o Zcnt{Zm aItc lnamwssi.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : P\m{ib›m]n
9. [\phn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
292
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
[q¿X (1) kzP\ (2) Pt\i \cuL..(3). iTx (4) kZw`x
[q¿Ø≥ .. cmPmhv iT≥ Al¶mcn
(1) [q¿Ø ˛ NXnb≥, I≈≥, kq{Ximen, [q¿ØSn°p∂h≥
(i_vZ Xmcmhen)
(2) kzP\ ˛ kzP\ßtfmSpIqSnbh\pw
(3) \cuLam{inXy / P\m{ib›m]n ˛ P\w B{ibn°p∂h≥ / P\sØ
B{ibn°p∂h≥ (N{μ˛Kpcp˛ip{I_‘wk¿Δip`abamsW¶nepwip{I≥
Kpcphns‚ i{XphmWv; N{μ≥ ip{It‚bpw.. B \yq\X sh®p t\m°p
tºmƒ c- masØ A¿∞amWv icnsb∂p tXm∂p∂p.)
(4) iT≥ ˛ imTyap≈h≥, [q¿Ø≥, NXnb≥, a- ≥, aSnb≥ (i_vZXmcmhen)
10. aIcØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
`q] \tc{μx £nXn] hn]›nXv [\o Zcn{Z
cmPmhv cmPmhv cmPmhv hnZzm≥ [\nI≥ Zcn{Z≥
(11)
Ipwt` f \yZmc\ncXx £nXnt]m \tct{μm
thiym]Xn¿ \r]htcm lnaKu \ram\yx
At¥y f LIrXv ]SpaXn¿\r]Xn› hnZzm≥
tZmssjIZrKvZpcnXIr® IpPmZn ZrjvtS.
11. Ipw`Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
A\yZmc\ncX £nXn] \tc{μ thiym]Xn \r]hc \ram\yx
]ckv{Xo cmPmhv cmPmhv thiybpsS cmPmhv BZcWob≥
X¬∏c≥ `¿Ømhv
12. ao\Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\v a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSn h∂mep≈ ^ew
IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kqcy≥
ALIrXv ]SpaXn \r]Xn hnZzm≥ tZmssjIZrIv ZpcnXIrXv
]m]w _p≤nam≥ cmPmhv ]finX≥ tZmjwam{Xw ZpcnXw
sNøp∂h≥ ImWp∂h≥ sNøp∂h≥
293
3. IpP≥ XpS-ßnb Ggp {Kl-ß-fp-tSbpw Awi-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂
N{μ-s\ a‰p {Kl-߃ ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-߃.
(12)
Bc£tIm h[cpNnx Ipitem \nbpt≤
`qt]m f ¿∞hm≥ IelIrXv £nXnPmwikwtÿ
aq¿tJm\yZmc\ncXx kpIhnx(1) knXmwti
kXvImhyIrXv kpJ]tcm f \yIf{XK›.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: aq¿Jm\yZmccXImhyhnZx ˛ tlmcm
1. £nXnPmwikwtÿ ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv IpPs‚ \hmwiØn¬
(1 taSw, 8 hr›nIw) a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew
kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n Bc£I h[cpNn Ipite \nbpt≤ `q] A¿∞hm≥ IelIrXv
c£I≥ h[n°p∂Xn¬ apjvSn.bp≤Øn¬ cmPmhv [\nI≥ hg°mfn
X¬∏c≥ ka¿∞≥
2. knXmwti ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv ip{Is‚ \hmwiØn¬ (2 CShw, 7 Xpemw)
a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbn¬\n∂mep≈ ^ew
kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n aq¿J A\yZmc\ncX kpIhnx kXvImhyIrXv kpJ]c A\yIf{XK
hnUvVn ]ckv{Xo Ihn kXvIhn kpJn°p ]ckv{Xo
_‘ap≈h≥ ∂h≥ _‘ap≈h≥
(13)
_ut[ ln cwKNctNmcIho{μa{¥o˛
tKb⁄inev]\n]pWmx iin\o ÿntXwti
kzmwti f ev]Km{X[\ep_v[X]kznapJy˛
kv{Xot]mjrIrXy\ncXm› \nco£amtW.
3. _ut[ ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv _p[s‚ \hmwiØn¬ (3 anYp\w, 6 I∂n)
a‰p {KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew
kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n cwKNc tNmc Iho{μ a{¥o tKb⁄ inev]\n]pWmx
cwKIeIƒ I≈≥ Ihn a{¥n kwKoX⁄≥ inev]n
AhXcn∏n°p∂h≥
4. kzmwti ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv (4) I¿°SIØn¬ a‰p {KlßfpsS
ZrjvSnbn¬\n∂mep≈ ew
294
kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n Aev]Km{X [\ep_v[ X]kzn apJy kv{Xot]mjr IrXy\ncX
sNdnbicocw ep_v[≥ X]kzn apJy≥ kv{XoPnX≥ IrXyßfn¬
\ncX\mbh≥
(14)
kt{Imt[m \c]XnkΩtXm \n[oix
knwlmwti {]`pckptXm f Xnlnw{kI¿Ωm
ssPhmwti {]YnX_tem ctWm]tZjvSm
lmky⁄x kNnhhnImahr≤ioemx.
5. knwlmwti ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv Nnßw\hmwiØn¬ (5) a‰p {KlßfpsS
ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew
kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n kt{Im[ \c]XnkΩX \n[oi {]`p AkpX AXnlnw{kI¿Ωm
tIm]jvT≥ cmPkΩX≥ [\nI≥ {]`p a°ƒ {Iqc≥
C√mØh≥
6. ssPhmwti ˛ N{μ≥ P\\kabØv [\p (9) ao\w (12) \hmwißfn¬ a‰p
{KlßfpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew
kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n {]YnX_e ctWm]tZjvSm lmky⁄ kNnh hnIma hr≤ioemx.
_ehm≥ bp≤Imcyßfn¬ kck≥ a{¥n Imaw hm¿≤Iy...
D]tZjvSmhv C√mØh≥ klPw
(15)
Aev]m]tXym ZpJnXx kXy]n tkz
am\mk‡x I¿ΩWn tkz f \pc‡x
ZpjvSkv{XojvSx Ir]W›m¿°n`mwti
Nt{μ `m\u XZzZnμzmZnZrjvtS.
7. N{μ≥ P\\kabØv aIcw (10) Ip`w (11) \hmwißfn¬ a‰p {KlßfpsS
ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew
kpcy≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n Aev]m]Xy ZpJnXx am\mk‡x I¿ΩWn... ZpjvSkv{XojvSx Ir]W k
Ipdhv \ncX≥ CjvSw
Nt{μ `m\u XZzZnμzmZnZrjvtS ˛ ta¬∏d™ \hmwißfn¬ \n¬°p∂ kqcys\
N{μ≥ XpSßnb {Kl߃ t\m°nbmep≈ ^ehpw Cßs\Øs∂bmWv
(16)
kqcymZntXm f {Xmwi^ew {]ZnjvSw
t⁄bw \hmwiky ^ew XtZh
295
cmio£tW bXv ^eap‡antμm˛
kvX±zmZimwiky ^ew ln hmNyw.
kqcymZnX A{X Awi^ew {]ZnjvSw ˛ 12˛15 t«mIßfn¬ kqcy≥ XpSßnb
{KlßfpsS Awi^esa∂v ]d™Xv
t⁄bw \hmwiky ^ew XtZh ˛ \hmwi^ewXs∂bmWv F∂dnbpI
cmio£tW bXv ^ew D‡w Ctμm ˛ N{μ\v cminZrjvSnbn¬ (6˛11) bmsXmcp
^ew ]d™pthm
XXv ZzmZimwiky ^eky hmNyw. ˛ ZzmZimwiØn\pwB ^ew Xs∂ ]dbWw.
(17)
h¿t§mØakz]ctKjp ip`w bZp‡w
XXv]pjvSa≤yeLpXm f ip`apXv{ItaW
hocym\zntXm f wiI]Xn¿\ncpW≤n ]q¿hw
cmio£Wky _eawi^ew ZZmXn.
1. h¿t§mØatKjp ip`w ]pjvS..
˛ h¿t§mØamwiØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚ ip`^ew]pjvSntbm
IqSnbXmbncn°pw.
2. kz ˛ kzmwiIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚
ip`^ew a≤yaambncn°pw.
3. ]ctKjp ˛ ]cmwiIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚
^ew Aev]ambncn°pw.
4. Aip`apXv{ItaW ˛ Aip`^ew CXn\p hn]coXambncn°pw.
5 hocym\znX AwiI]Xn .... ˛ AwiIm[n]Xn hocyhm\mIp∂psh¶n¬
cminZrjvSn^esØ XSp°pIbpw
cmio£Wky _eawi^ew ZZmXn.˛ AwiIZrjvSn^esØ sImSp°pIbpw
sNøp∂p.
296
A≤ymbw 19
Zim-^ew
hnjbhnhcw
1. Zim{Iaw
2. hnw-tim-Ø-cn (\£{X) Zi
3 . injvSZi KWnXw
4. h¿jw IW°m°p∂ hn[w
5 Zim^ew (cNIp_pKpipakin {IaØn¬)
6. hnwtimØcnZim (cNIpkKpa_pinip) {IaØn¬
Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ \h-{K-l-ß-fpsS Zim-Im-eØv A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ ^e-ß-fmWv
hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 5 apX¬ 17 hsc t«mI-ß-fn¬ cN-Ip-_p-Kp-ip-a-kin F∂ km[m-c-W
{Kl-{I-a-Ønepw 18 apX¬ 27 hscbp≈ t«mI-ß-fn¬ cN-Ip-k-Kp-a-_p-inip F∂n-ß-s\-
hnw-tim-Ø-cn-Z-im-{I-a-ØnepamWv ^ew ]d-bp-∂p-Xv. {Klw A\pIqeamtWm {]XnIqe
amtWm, AXn\v Bhiyamb {Kl_eapt- m XpSßnb Imcy߃ IqSn tN¿Øp Nn¥n-
°bpw th-Ww.
(1)
`‡ym tb\ \h-{Klm _lp-hn-ss[-cm-cm-[n-XmkvtX Nncw
k¥pjvSmx ^e-t_m-[-tl-Xp-a-Zn-i≥ km\p-{Klw \n¿Æbw
JymXm-w tX\ ]cm-i-tcW IYnXmw kwKrly tlmcm-K-amXv
kmcw `qcn-]-co-£-bm f Xn^enXmw ht£y almJymw Zimw.
`‡ym tb\ \h-{Klm _lp-hn-ss[- Bcm-[n-XmkvtX Nncw
˛ Bcm¬ Nnc-Imew `‡n-]q¿hw ]e hn[-Øn¬ Bcm-[n-°-s∏´v
k¥pjvSmx ^e-t_m-[-tl-Xp-a-Zn-i≥ km\p-{Klw \n¿Æbw
˛ k¥p-jvS-cmbn \h-{K-l-߃ ^e-t_m-[-tl-Xp A\p-{K-ln®p \¬Intbm
JymXm-w tX\ ]cm-i-tcW IYnXmw kwKrly tlmcm-K-amXv kmcw
˛ B ]cm-i-c-\m¬ ]d-b-s∏-´ tlmcm-K-akmcw
`qcn-]-co-£-bm AXn^enXmw ht£y almJymw Zimw.
297
˛ kzbw ]co-£n-®-dn™v hfsc ^e-h-Øm-sW∂p I- v AXnse \£{X
(hnwtimØcn) Zim-^ek{º-Zm-bw Rm≥ Npcp°n ]d-bpI-bm-Wv..
(2)
A·ymZn Xmc-]-Xtbm chn-N-{μ-`ua
k¿]m-a-tc-Uy-i-\n-N-{μ-P-tI-Xp-ip{Imx
tX, \mS, ssk\n (km\n), Pb, NmSp, [Sm-\p, kuay,
ÿmt\, \Jm, \nK-ZnXm ic-ZkvXp tXjmw.
1. Zim{Iaw A·ymZn ˛ Im¿Øn-I-ap-X¬
Xmc-]-Xtbm ˛ \£-{Xm-[n-]-∑m¿
{Klw Zimh¿jw chn ˛ kqcy≥, tX ˛ X ˛ 6
N-{μ- ˛ N{μ≥, \mS ˛ \S ˛ 01 ˛ 10
`ua ˛ IpP≥, ssk\n ˛ k\ ˛ 70 ˛ 7
k¿∏m- ˛ cmlp, Pb ˛ 81 ˛ 18
Aa-tc-Uy- ˛ hymgw, NmSp ˛ NS ˛ 61 ˛ 16
i-\n-, [Sm-\p ˛ [S\ ˛ 910 ˛ 19
N-{μ-P ˛ _p[≥,- kuay ˛ kb ˛ 71 ˛ 17
tI-Xp-, ÿmt\ ˛ Y\ ˛ 70 ˛ 7
ip{I ˛ ip{I≥, \Jm ˛ \J ˛ 02 ˛ 20
\nK-ZnXm ic-XkvXp tXjmw
˛ F∂n-ßs\ Ah-bpsS Zim-h¿j߃ ]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
IS-]-bmZn A£ckwJy D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv ChnsS {Kl-ß-fpsS Zim-h¿jw ]d-bp-∂-
Xv. AXv A\p_‘Øn¬ sImSpØn´p- v.
2. hnw-tim-Ø-cn (\£{X) Zi
\£{Xw \£-{Xm-[n-]≥ Zimh¿jw AizXn aIw aqew -˛ tIXp 7
`cWn ]qcw ]qcmSw ˛ ip{I≥ 20
Im¿ØnI D{Xw D{XmSw ˛ kqcy≥ 6
tcmlnWn AØw Xncp-thmWw˛ N{μ≥ 10
aI-bncw Nn{X Ahn´w ˛ IpP≥ 7
Xncp-hm-Xnc tNmXn NXbw ˛ cmlp 18
]pW¿Xw hnimJw ]qcq-cp-´mXn hymgw 16
]qbw A\ngw D{X-´mXn ˛ i\n 19
Bbneyw Xrt°´ tchXn ˛ _p[≥ 17
BsI 120 h¿jw
Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ Hcp ae-bmfw t«mIw:
BZn-Xy-\mdp iin ]Øp-sam-tcgp sNmΔ
]sØ´p ]mºp ]Xn-\mdp _rl-kv]-Xoi
298
]sØm-ºtX i\n _p[≥ ]Xn-t\gp ]ns∂
tIXq-s\m-tc-gn-cp-]-Xm-aXp ip{I-\-¥yw.
(3)
E£ky Kaym LSnIm Zim-_vZ˛
\nLv\m \Sm]vXm kzZim-_vZ-kwJym
cqss]¿∂-ssK-x kwKp-W-tb-∂-tX\
lrXmkvXp amkm Znhkmx {Ita-W.
3 . injvSZim KWnXw
E£ky Kaym LSnIm .... ˛ \£{XØn¬ _m°nbp≈ \mgnIIsf
Zimh¿jwsIm- p s]cp°n, 60˛sIm- p
lcn®m¬ In´p∂Xp h¿jw. _m°nsb
cqss], \ssK, \tX\... ˛ 12, 30, 60 F∂nhsIm- p bYmhn[n {Inb
sNbvXm¬ {IaØn¬ amkw, Znhkw, \mgnI
F∂nh In´pw.
\£{Xw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Xs∂ P\n-®m-et√ Zim-h¿jw apgp-h≥ In´q. AXp km[m-
c-W-a-√. AXn-\m¬ Hcp \mfns‚ CSbv°p P\\w h∂m¬ injvS-Zi (K¿`-in-jvS-Zi
F∂pw ]d-bpw.) IW-°m-°p∂ coXnbmWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
P\\w tcmlnWn \£-{X-Øn-em-sW∂p Icp-Xp-I. HcpZnhkw 60 \mgn-I-bm-b-Xn-
\m¬, tcmlnWnbpw km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ 60 \mgn-I-bm-h-Ww. P\\w \S-∂Xv tcmlnWn 30
\mgnI Ign-™n-´m-sW¶n¬, _m°n 30 \mgn-Ibv°p injvS-Zi F{X ImWpw?
P∑\-£-{X-Øn¬ _m°n-bp≈ ka-bsØ AXns‚ Zim-h¿jw-sIm- p s]cp°n
Znh-k ssZ¿Lyw-sIm- p lcn®m¬ In´p∂ ^ew h¿jw.. _m°nsb 12 sIm- p
s]cp°n In´p-∂Xp amkw. AXns‚ _m°nsb 30 tIm- p s]cp°n In´p-∂Xp Znh-kw.
CXp-t]mse Adp-]XpsIm- p s]cp°n _m°n-bp≈ \mgnI˛hn\m-gn-I-I-sfbpw ImWmw.
DZmlcWw (B[p\nIcoXn):
tcmlnWn\£{Xw : 40T apX¬ 53T 20 ’ hsc
N{μkv^pSw : 1 ˛ 20T ˛ 33 ’ . = 50T˛-33 ’ \£{XØn¬ _m°n 53T 20 ’ ˛˛ 50T -33 ’ = 2T - 47 ’ = 167 ’ 13T˛20 ’ AYhm 800 ’ \v N{μZi = 10 h¿jw
AXpsIm- v 2T - 47 ’ AYhm 167 ’ \v N{μZi = ?
1. 10 $ 167 = 2. 0875 h¿jw
800
2 0875 $ 12 = 1. 05 amkw
10000
299
3 5$ 30 = 1. 5 Znhkw
100 4 5$ 60 = 30 \mgnI
10
injvSZi : 2 h¿jw 1 amkw 1 Znhkw 30 \mgnI N{μZi.
(4)
chn-kv p-S-w- k(X)÷-\t\ bZm-koXv
XYm-hn-[-t›Xv {]Xn-h¿j-a¿°x
Bhr-Ø-bx- k¥n Zim-_vZ-Im\mw
`mK{I-am-Ø-±n-hkmx {]I¬]ym.
4. h¿jw IW°m°p∂ hn[w
Hcm-fpsS P\-\-k-a-bØv kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ ÿm\-Øp-Xs∂ kqcy≥ ho- pw hcp-
tºm-gmWv PmX-I\v Hcp hb- m-Ip-∂-Xv. CX-\p-k-cn-®p-thWw Zim-h¿jw IW-°m-°p-∂-
Xpw. h¿jØn\p XnIbmsX hcp∂ _m°nsbs°m- v `mK{Iaw A\pkcn®v (30
Znhkw = 1 amkw, 12 amkw = 1 h¿jw) amkhpw Znhkhpw ImWWw.
h¿jw F∂m¬ F{X Znh-k-amWv F∂Xp tPymXn-j-Ønse Hcp henb X¿°-hn-j-
b-amWv. AXn-\p≈ adp-]-Sn-IqSnbmWv Cu t«mIw.
5. Zim^ew (cNIp_pKpipakin {IaØn¬)
(5)
`m\px ItcmXn Ielw £nXn-]m-e-tIm-]˛
amI-kvanIw kzP-\-tcm-K-]-cn-{`aw N
At\ym\ysshc-a-Xn-Zp- lNnØ-tIm-]w
Kp]vXy¿∞-[m-\y-kp-X-Zm-c-Ir-im-\p-]o-Umw.
1. kqcyZi `m\px ItcmXn ˛ kqcy≥ sNøp∂p (kqcy-Z-i-bn¬),
Ielw ˛ hg°v
£nXn-]m-e-tIm-]w BI-kvanIw ˛ A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb cmP-tIm]w,
kzP-\-tcm-Kw ˛ kz¥°m¿°p tcmK-߃,
]-cn-{`aw ˛ ]cn{`aw, ]cn{`aWw ˛Np‰nØncn®¬ (?)
At\ym\ysshcw- ˛ ]c-kv]-c-i{XpX
AXn-Zp- l NnØ-tIm-]w ˛ Ak-l\ob-amb am\-kn-I-t£m`w,
Kp]vXn * ˛ Hfnhn¬ / XShn¬ IgnbpI
A¿∞- [m-\y- kp-X -Zm-c- Ir-im-\p-
]o-Umw ˛ [\w, [m\yw, a°ƒ, `mcy. A·n. Ch-
ImcWambp≈ ZpJw.
*Kp]vXy¿∞w ˛ clkyamb. [\w F∂pw ImWp∂p.
300
kqcy≥ Zpÿ\msW¶nep≈ ^eßfmWv Cu t«mIØn¬ ]d™Xv. ASpØ
t«mIØn¬ kqcy≥ kpÿ\mbmep≈ ^e߃ hnhcn°p∂p.
(6)
{Iucym-[z-`qss]x Ie-ssl¿≤-\m]vXnw
h\mZn-({Zn)-k-©m-c-a-Xn-{]-kn≤nw
ItcmXn kptÿm hnPbw Znt\-i˛
kvssX£vWyw ktZm-tZym-K-cXnw kpJw N
ItcmXn kptÿm Znt\-i - ˛ kqcy\p kpÿm\ÿnXnbmsW¶n¬,
{Iucym-[z-`qss]x Ie-ssl¿≤-\m]vXnw-˛ {Iqc{]h¿ØnIƒ, bm{X, cmPmhv, Ielw
Ch hgn [\mKaw
h\m{Zn k©mcw ˛ Im´nepw aebnepap≈ bm{X.
AXn{]kn≤nw ˛ hfsc {]kn≤n,
hnPbw,
ssXjvWyw ˛ Xo£vWX,
ktZmtZymKcXnw ˛ kZm DtZymKcXnw ˛ Ft∏mgpw {]h¿Ø\\ncX≥
kpJw
(7)
a\x-{]-kmZw {]I-tcmXn N{μx
k¿hm¿∞-kn≤nw kpJ-t`m-P\w N
kv{Xo]p-{X-`q-jmw-_-c-c-Xv\-kn≤nw
tKmt£{X-em`w ZznP-]q-P\w N
2. .N{μZi.
{]I-tcmXn N{μx ˛ N{μ≥ sNøp∂p (N-{μ-Z-i-bn¬)
a\x-{]-kmZw ˛ Dt∑jw, kt¥mjw,
k¿hm¿∞-kn≤nw ˛ F√m DZy-a-ßfnepw hnP-bw.,
kpJ-t`m-P\w ˛ kpJ-`-£Ww,
kv{Xo]p-{X-`q-jmw-_-c-c-Xv\-kn≤nw ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ, B`-c-W߃,
hkv{X߃, cXv\߃ ChbpsS e_v[n
tKmt£{X-em`w ˛ ]ip°ƒ, `qkzØv ChbpsS em`w
ZznP-]q-P\w ˛ {_m“-W-]q-P.
(8)
_te\ k¿hw iin-\kvXp hmNyw
]q¿th Zimtl ^e-a{X a≤yw
at≤y Zimtl ]cn-]q¿Æ-hocyw
XrXo-b-`m-tK f ¬]^ew {Ita-W.
_te\ k¿hw iin-\x Xp hmNyw ˛ N{μ-Z-im-^ew N{μs‚ _e-a-\p-k-cn®p
]d-b-Ww
.
301
1 ]q¿th Zimtl ^e-a{X a≤yw ˛ N{μ≥ Nm{μ-am-k-Øns‚ -BZy`mKØmsW-¶n¬
^ew a≤y-aw.
2 at≤y Zimtl ]cn-]q¿Æ-hocyw ˛ a≤y-`m-KØmsW-¶n¬ ]q¿Æ ^ew.
3 XrXo-b-`m-tK A¬∏-^ew ˛ Ah-km-\-`m-KØmsW-¶n¬ A¬∏-^ew.
]{μs‚ ]£-_ew:
(1) ip¢-]-£-{]-Xn-]ZwapX¬ ip¢-]-£-Z-ian hsc ˛ BZy`mKw, ^ew a≤y-aw.
(2) ip¢-]-£- GIm-ZinapX¬ IrjvW-]£]©anhsc ˛ a-≤y-`m-Kw, ]q¿Æ ^ew.
(3) IrjvW-]£ jjvTnapX¬ Aam-hmknhsc ˛ A-h-km-\-`m-Kw, A¬∏-^ew.
(9)
`uaky kzZ-im-^-em\n lpX-`p-Kv
`q-]m-l-hm-ssZy¿[\w
ss`j-Pym-\r-X-h-©-ss\› hnhnss[x
{Iusscy¿≤-\-kym-Kax
]nØm-kr-KvPz-c-_m-[n-X› kXXw
\oNmw-K-\m-tk-h\w
hntZz-jx kpX-Zm-c-_-‘p-Kp-cp`nx
IjvtSm- f \y-`mtKy cXx.
3. IpPZi `uaky kzZ-im-^-em\n ˛ IpP-Z-i-bn¬,
lpX-`p-Iv `q-] Bl-h B-ssZyx [\w ˛ A·n, cmPm-hv, bp≤w Ch- hgn [\w
ss`j-Py*, A\r-X -h-©-ss\› hnhnss[x {Iusscyx [\-kym-Kax
˛NXn*, -AkXyw, h©\, ]e-hn[ {Iqc{]h¿Øn-Iƒ Ch-bpw [\mK-a-am¿§w.,
* t`jPØns‚ {][m\ A¿∞w, a‰p hymJym\ßfn¬ sImSpØn´p≈Xp t]mse,
Huj[w F∂msW¶nepw kμ¿`Øn\p tNcpI Cu A{][m\ A¿∞amWv.
]nØ Akr-Iv Pz-c- _m-[n-X› ˛ ]nØw, c‡Zqjyw, ]\n XpS-ßnb
tcmK-߃
\oNmw-K-\m-tk-h\w ˛ \oN-kv{Xo- tkh,
kp-X- Zm-c- _-‘p- Kp-cp`nx hntZz-jw- a°ƒ, `mcy, _‘p-°ƒ, Kpcp-\m-Y-∑m¿
Ch-cp-ambn hntZzjw,
IjvtSm- ˛ IjvS∏mSpIƒ
A\y-`mtKy cXx ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS `mKyØn¬ cX≥
IjvtSm- A\y-`mtKy cX ˛ A\y-∑m-cpsS `mKyw-I- v kln-°m≥
]mSn-√m-sX-bn-cn-°p-I ˛ as‰mcp hymJym\w.
(10)
kuayx ItcmXn kplr-Zm-K-a-am-fl-kuJyw
hnZzXv{]-iw-kn-X-bi› Kpcp-{]-kmZw
{]mK-¤y-ap-‡n-hn-jtb f ]n ]tcm-]-Imcw
Pmbm-fl-PmZn kplrZmw Ipi-ew al-Xzw.
302
4 _p[Zi kuayx ItcmXn ˛ _p[-Z-i-bn¬,
kplr-Zm-K-aw ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fpsS/_‘p°fpsS BK-a\w-,
B-fl- kuJyw ˛ kpJw
hnZz¬{]-iw-kn-X bi› ˛ hnZzm-∑m-cpsS{]iwkaqeap- mIp∂ bi v,
Kpcp-{]-kmZw, ˛ BNmcys‚ k¥pjvSn
{]mK-¤y-w D-‡n-hn-jtb ˛ hmIvNm-Xpcyw,
]tcm-]-Imcw ˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°v D]-Imcw sNøpI
Pmbm-fl-PmZn kplrZmw Ipi-ew al-Xzw˛`mcy, a°ƒ, kplr-Øp-°ƒ XpS-ßn-b-
h¿°v Ipi-ehpw al-Xzhpw.
(11)
[¿Ω-{In-bm-]vXn-a-a-tc-{μ-Kpcp¿hn-[tØ
k¥m-\-kn-≤n-a-h-\o-]-Xn-]q-P-\w N
«mLy-Xz-ap-∂-X-P-t\jp KPm-iz-bm-\˛
{]m]vXnw h[q-kp-X-kp-lr-Zyp-Xn-an-jvS-kn-≤nw.
5 KpcpZi A-a-tc-{μ-Kpcpx hn-[tØ ˛ Kpcp-Z-i-bn¬,
[¿Ω-{In-bm-]vXn- ˛ [m¿ΩnI {]h¿Øn-Iƒ,
k¥m-\-kn-≤n- ˛ k¥m-\-em`w,
Ah-\o-]-Xn-]q-P-\w N ˛ cmP_lp-am\w,
«mLy-Xz-w D∂-X-P-t\jp ˛ D∂X hy‡n-I-fpsS {]iwk,
KP A-iz- bm-\ {]m]vXnw ˛ B\, IpXn-c, hml\w Ch-bpsS e_v[n
h[q -kp-X -kp-lr-Zyp-Xn- ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ, kplr-Øp-°ƒ Ch-cpsS
kmao]yw
C-jvS-kn-≤nw ˛ CjvSem`w
(12)
{IoUm-kp-tJm-]-I-c-Wm\n kphm-l-\m]vXnw
tKmc-Xv\-`q-j-W-\n-[n- {]-a-Zm-{]-tamZw
⁄m\-{Inbmw ken-e-bm-\-ap-ss]Xn iu{Iymw
Ieym-W-I¿Ω-_-lp-am-\-an-fm-[n-\m-YmXv.
6 ip{I-Z-i Dss]Xn iu{Iymw ˛ ip{I-Z-i-bn¬,
{IoUm -kp-J- D]-I-c-Wm\n ˛ hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw kpJØn\pw th- D]-I-c-
W߃, *
* {IoUm (Imahnt\mZw) kpJØn\p th- sX√mw ˛˛as‰mcp hymJym\w)
kphm-l-\ B]vXnw ˛ \√ hml\w ChbpsS e_v[n,
tKmc-Xv\`q-j-W- \n-[n {]-a-Zm -{]-tamZw ˛ ]ip-°ƒ, c-Xv\w, `q-j-Ww-, \n-[n kv{Xo
Chaqeap≈ kt¥mjw
⁄m\-{Inbmw ˛ ⁄m\-kºm-Z-\-Øn\p th- {]h¿Øn-Iƒ,
ken-e-bm-\w - ˛ Pe-bm{X,
303
Ieym-W-I¿Ω - ˛ awK-f-I¿Ω-߃,
_-lp-am-\w -C-fm-[n-\m-Ym¬. ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w
(13)
]mtI f ¿°-Pky \nP-Zm-c-kp-Xm-Zn-tcm-Km≥
hmtXm-Ø-cm≥ Irjn-hn-\m-i-a-kXv{]-em]w
Ipkv{Xo-cXnw ]cn-P-ss\¿hn-bpXnw {]hm-k˛
amI-kvanIw kzP-\-`q-an-kp-Jm¿∞-\m-iw.
7 i\nZi ]mtI A¿°-Pky - i\nZibn¬,
\nP- Zm-c- kp-Xm-Zn -tcm-Km≥ hmtXm-Ø-cm≥ ˛ X\n°pw `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw
hmX-kw-_-‘-amb tcmK-߃,
Irjn-hn-\m-iw- ˛ Irjn-\miw,
AkXv {]-em]w ˛ Ak-Øp-°-fp-ambn hmt°‰w,
Ipkv{Xo-cXnw ˛ NoØ kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘w,
]cn-P-ss\ hn-bpXnw ˛ `rXy-\jvSw,
{]hm-kw ˛ ]c-tZ-i-hmkw,
BIkvanIw kzP-\- `q-an -kp-J A¿∞ -\m-iw ˛ kzP-\w, `qan, kpJw, [\w
Ch-bpsS AhnNmcnXamb \jvSw.
(14)
Ipcym-Zlnx £nXn-]-tNm-c-hn-jm-·n-ikv{X˛
`oXnw kpXm¿-Øn-a-Xn-hn-{`-a-_-‘p-\miw
\oNm-]-am-\-\-a-Xn-{I-a-tXm- f ]-hmZw
ÿm\-NypXnw ]Z-lXnw IrX-Im-cy-lm-\nw.
(15)
hn[p-¥ptZ ip`m-\zntX {]ikvX `mh-kw-bptX
Zim ip`-{]Zm XZm alo-]-Xp-ey-`q-Xn-Zm
A`o-jvS-Im-cy-kn-≤tbm Krtl kpJ-ÿn-Xn¿`-th˛
ZN-©-em¿∞-k-©bmx £nXu {]kn-≤-Io¿Ø-bx.
(16)
I\ym-k-ao-\m-fn-K-Xky cmtlm¿˛
Zim-hn-]mtI aln-X© kuJyw
tZim-[n-]Xyw [\-hm-l-\m]vXnw
Zim-h-kmt\ kIew hn\m-iw.
8 cmlpZi
1 Ipcym-Zlnx ˛ cmlp Zi-bn¬,
£nXn-] -tNm-c -hn-j A·n -ikv{X `oXnw ˛cmPm-hv, I≈-∑m¿, hnjw, Xo, Bbp[w
Ch-bn¬\n∂pw `bw,
kpXm-¿Øn- ˛ ]p{X-ZpJw,
a-Xn-hn-{`-aw - ˛ _p≤n-{`aw,
_-‘p-\miw
304
\oN A-]-am-\-\w- ˛ \oN-cm¬ A]-am\w
AXn-{I-a-w-,
A]-hmZw,
ÿm\-NypXnw ˛ ]Zhn\jvSw,
]Z-lXnw * ˛ ÿm\-\jvSw (Xcw Xmgvج)
( * Imen\p `wKw F∂p as‰mcp hymJym\w)
IrX-Im-cy-lm\nw ˛ {]h¿Øn-I-fn¬ ]cm-P-bw.
2 ip`m-\zntX ˛ ip`-{K-l-tbm-K-tam,
{]ikvX `mh-kw-bptX ˛ ip-``mh-ÿnXntbm D≈
hn[p-¥ptZ Zim ˛ cmlp-hns‚ Zi-
ip`-{]`m ˛ ip`^e߃ \¬Ipw.
alo-]-Xp-ey-`q-Xn-Zm. ˛ cmPm-hn\p Xpeyamb sFiz-cy-w Xcpw.
Aß--s\-bp≈ cmlp-hns‚ Zi-bn¬
A`o-jvS-Im-cy-kn-≤tbm ˛ B{K-ln-®-sX√mw \S-°pw.
Krtl kpJ-ÿn-Xnx `-th¬ ˛ Krl-Øn¬ kpJ-ap-- m-Ipw.
AN-©-em¿∞-k-©bm ˛ Dd® [\-ÿnXnbpw
£nXu {]kn-≤-Io¿Ø-bx ˛ {]kn-≤nbpw (D- mIpw.)
3 I\ym k-ao-\ A-fn- K-Xky ˛ I∂n, ao\w, hr›nIw Ch-bn¬ \n¬°p∂
cmtlmx Zim-hn-]mtI ˛ cmlp-hns‚ Zi-bn¬,
aln-Xw N kuJyw ˛ al-Øzhpw, kpJhpw,
(henb kuJyw F∂p ImWp∂p.).
tZim-[n-]Xyw
[\- hm-l-\m]vXnw ˛ [\w, hml\w Ch-bpsS e_v[n.
Zim-h-kmt\ kIew hn\m-iw ˛ cmlp Zi t]mIp-∂-tXmsS AsX√mw
t]mhp-Ibpw sNøpw.
(17)
tItXm¿Z-im-bm-a-cn-tNm-c-`qss]x
]oUmw N ikv{X-£-X-ap-jvW-tcmKw
an∞ym-]-hmZw Ipe-Zq-jn-XXzw
ht”¿`bw t{]mjWamfl-tZ-im¬.
9 tIXpZi tItXm¿Z-im-bm-w ˛ tIXp-Z-i-bn¬,
A-cn-tNm-c-`qss]x ]oUmw ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ, I≈-∑m¿, cmPmhv Ch-cn¬
\n-∂p≈ k,ieyw,
ikv{X-£-Xnw ˛ Bbp-[w-sIm- p apdnhv,
DjvW-tcmKw,
an∞ym-]-hmZw ˛ ASn-ÿm-\-an-√mØ A]-hmZw,
Ipe-Zq-jn-XXzw ˛ Ipe-w Zpjn-°pI,
ht”x `bw ˛ A·n-`bw,
t{]mjWw Bfl-tZ-imXv ˛ P\n® \mSp hn´p t]mtI-- n-h-cpI.
305
6. hnwtimØcnZim (cNIpkKpa_pinip) {IaØn¬
(18)
AY XcWn Zimbmw {Iucy-`q-]m-e-bp-ss≤¿˛
[\-a-\-e-N-Xp-jv]m-Zv]o-U\w t\{X-Xm]w
DZ-c-Z-i-\-tcmKw ]p{X-Zm-cm¿Øn-cp-ss®¿˛
Kpcp-P-\-hn-clx kymZv `rXy-\m-tim f ¿∞-lm\n.
1 kqcyZi AY XcWn Zimbmw ˛ kqcy-Z-i-bn¬,
{Iucy-`q-]m-e-bp-ss≤¿[\ ˛ {Iqc{]-h¿Øn-IƒsIm- pw, cmPm-hn-\mepw,
bp≤w-sIm- pw [\-em`w,-
--A\-e-N-Xp-jv]m-Zv]o-U\w ˛ Xo, \m¬°m-en-Iƒ ChbpsS D]{Zhw
t\{X-Xm]w ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,
DZ-c-Z-i-\-tcmKw ˛ hb-dv, ]√v Chbv°p tcmKw
]p{X-Zm-cm¿Øn-cp-ss®¿ ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw ZpJw
Kpcp-P-\ -hn-clw ˛ Kpcp-P-\-ß-fpsS th¿]mSv,
`rXy-\m-tim ˛ `rXy\miw,
A¿∞-lm\n ˛ [\-\jvSw.
(19)
inin-c-I-c-Z-imbmw a{¥-tZ-h-Zzn-tPm¿ho˛
]XnP\n-X-hn-`qXnx kv{Xo[-\-t£-{X-kn≤nx
Ipkp-a-h-k-\-`q-jm-K-‘-\m-\m-c-km-]vXn¿˛
`hXn _en-hn-tcm[x kz£tbm hmX-tcmKx
2 N{μ-Z-i inin-c-I-c-Z-imbmw ˛ N{μ-Z-i-bn¬,
a{¥-tZ-h-Zzn-tPm¿ho]XnP\n-X-hn-`qXnx ˛a{¥w,- tZh-∑m¿, {_m“-W-∑m¿, cmPm-hv
F∂-nh-¿ ImcWw D- m-Ip∂ sFiz-cyw-,
kv{Xo[-\-t£-{X-kn≤nx ˛ `mcy, [\w, `qan, Ch-bpsS em`w,
Ipkp-a-h-k-\-`q-jm-K-‘-\m-\m-c-km-]vXn¿˛ ]q°ƒ, hkv{Xw, B-`-c-W-߃, kpK-
‘{Z-hy-߃ XpSßn,
\m-\m- c-km-]vXnx ˛ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ kpJ-t`m-K-ßfpsS e_v[n,
`hXn _en hn-tcm[ ˛ _e-hm-∑m-cp-ambn hntcm-[w,
(]m-T-t`Zw ˛ `hXn Je-hn-tcm[ ˛ Je-cp-ambn hntcm-[w),
kz£tbm ˛ kzØn\p £bw, [\-\miw,
hmX-tcmK ˛ hmXw F∂nh ^ew.,
(]m-T-t`Zw : hmcn-tcmKx - - PeP\yamb tcmK߃)
(20)
£nXn-X-\-b-Z-imbmw t£{X-ssh-cn-£n-Xo-i˛
{]Xn-P-\n-X-hn-`qXnx kymXv ]ip-t£-{X-em`x
kl-P-X-\-b-sshcw Zp¿÷-\-kv{Xojp k‡n¿˛
±l-\cp-[n-c-]n-Ø-hym-[n-c¿t∞m-]-lm-\nx.
306
3 IpPZi £nXn-X-\-b -Z-imbmw ˛ IpP-Z-i-bn¬,
t£{X-ssh-c-£n-Xo-i{]Xn-P-\n-X-hn-`qXnx ˛ `qan, i{Xp, cmPm-hv, Ch-bm¬ sFiz-cy-w
]ip- t£-{X -em` ˛ ]ip, `qan Ch-bpsS e_v[n,
kl-P- X-\-b -sshcw ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑mcpw a°-fp-ambn sshcw,
Zp¿÷-\-kv{Xojp k‡n ˛ NoØ-kv{Xo-I-fn¬ Bk‡n,
Zl-\ -cp-[n-c- ]n-Ø-hym-[nx- ˛ DjvW c‡- ]nØ tcmK-߃,
A¿t∞m-]-lm-\n ˛ [\-\miw.
(21)
Akp-c-h-c-Z-imbmw Zpkz-`m-thm- f Yhm(1) kym˛
ZXn-K-l-\-K-Zm¿Ønx kq\p-\m-tcym¿hn-\mix
hnj-`-b-a-cn-]oUm ho£-tWm¿≤zmw-K-tcm-Kx
kplrZpZnXhn-tcmt[m `q]-tX¿tZz-j-em-`x.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ ZpxJ-`mthm
4 cmlpZi Akp-c-h-c-Z-imbmw ˛ cmlp-Z-i-bn¬,
Zp z-`m-thm ˛ Zpkz-`mhw,
AXn-K-l-\-K-Zm¿Øn ˛ ITn-\-amb tcmK-Zp-Jw,
kq\p- \m-tcymx hn-\mi ˛ aI≥, `mcy Ch-cpsS \miw,
hnj-`-b ˛ hnj-`bw,
Acn-]oUm ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,
ho£-W Du¿≤zmw-K-tcm-K ˛ IÆv, inc v Ch-bv°p tcmKw,
kplrZpZnX-hn-tcmt[m ˛ kplrXv hntcm-[w,-
`q]-tXx tZz-j-em-`x ˛ cmP-tIm-]w.
(22)
Aa-c-Kp-cp-Z-imbmaw_-cm-Zy¿∞-kn≤nx
]cn-P-\-]-cn-hm-c-{]u-Vn-c-Xy¿∞-am\x
kpX-[-\-kp-lr-Zm]vXnx km[p-hm-Zm-]vX-]qPm
`hXn Kpcp-hn-tbmKx I¿Æ-tcmKx I^m¿Ønx.
5 hymgZi Aa-c-Kp-cp-Z-imbmw ˛ hymg-Z-i-bn¬,
Aw_-cm-Zn A¿∞-kn≤n ˛ hkv{Xw, [\w XpS-ßnbhbpsS e_v[n
]cn-P-\- ]-cn-hm-c -{]u-Vn- ˛ ]cn-Nm-c-ItcmSpw ]cn-hm-ctØmSpw IqSnb -
{]uVn,
AXy¿∞-am\w ˛ henb _lp-am\w,
kpX- [-\ -kp-lr-Xv B]vXn ˛ a°ƒ, [\w, kplr-Øp-°ƒ Ch-bpsS
{]m]vXn,
km[p- hm-ZmXv B]vX-]qPm
˛ km[p-hmb (i-cn-bm-b) hmZwsIm- v B]vX-am-Ip∂ (e-`n-°p-∂) ]qP (B-Z-c-hv)
F∂v Hc¿∞w.. k¬°m-cy-ß-sf-∏-d-bp∂ tbmKy-∑m- cpsS ]qP F∂p as‰m-c¿∞w.
(km[phmZm]vX]qP ˛ \√ hm°pw tbmKy∑mcpsS ]qPbpw F∂pw ImWp∂p.).
307
Kpcp-hn-tbmKw ˛ KpcpP\-ßfpambn th¿]mSv,
I¿Æ-tcmKw ˛ sNhnbv°v AkpJw,
I^m¿Øn ˛ I^-tcm-Kw.
(23)
chnX\-b-Z-imbmw cmjv{S-]o-Um-{]lm-c(1)˛
{]Xn-P-\n-X-hn-`qXnx t{]jy-hr-≤mw-K-\m]vXnx
]ip-a-ln-j-hr-jm]vXnx ]p{X-Zm-c-{]-]oUm
]h-\-I-^-Kp-Zm¿Ønx ]mZ-l-kvXmwKXm-]x. (1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ A{K-lmc*
6 i\nZi chnX\-b -Z-imbmw ˛ i\n-Z-i-bn¬,
cmjv{S-]o-Um{]-lm-c {]Xn-P-\n-X -hn-`qXn
˛ cm-jv{Sob {]iv\-߃ (B`y¥cIem]߃), AXn{I-a߃ (_e{]tbmK߃)
Ch hgn sFizcyw,
t{]jy- hr-≤mw-K-\ B]vXn ˛ Zmk-,- hr-≤kv{Xo, {]m]vXn.
]ip- a-ln-j- hr-j B]vXn ˛ ]ip, Fcp-a, Imf Ch-bpsS e_v[n,
]p{X -Zm-c -{]-]oUm ˛ ]p{X≥, `mcy Ch¿°v D]-{Zhw,
]h-\ -I-^- Kp-Zm¿Øn ˛ hmXw, I^w, A¿i- v,
]mZ- l-kvXmw-K- Xm-] ˛ Im¬, ssI Np´p-\o-‰w.
* {]lmcØn\p ]Icw aebmfhymJym\ßfn¬ A{KlmcamWv ImWp∂Xv.
A{Klmcw kμ¿`Øn\p tbmPn°p∂n√.
(24)
iin-X-\-b-Z-imbmw iiz-Zm-Nm-cy(1)-kn-≤n¿˛
ZznP-P-\n-X-[-\m]vXnx t£{X-tKm-hm-Pn-em`x
a\p-h-c-kp-c-]qPm-hn-Ø-kw-Lm-X-kn≤nx
{]`-hXn acp-Z-jvW-t«-jva-tcm-K-{]-]oUm. (1)]mTt`Zw ˛ BNmc
7 _p[Zi
iin-X-\-b-Z-imbmw ˛ _p[-Zibn¬,
iiz-Zm-Nm-cy-kn-≤n ˛ BNmcye_v[n.
(Kp-cp-hns\ e`n-°p-Itbm
kzbw Kpcp-hm-IpItbm sNøpw.),
ZznP- P-\n-X -[-\m]vXn ˛ {_m“-W-¿ hgn [\-em`w
t£{X -tKm -hm-Pn -em`w ˛ `qan, ]ip-°ƒ, IpXn-c-Iƒ Ch In´pI,
a\p-h-c- kp-c -]qPm ˛ cmP˛tZh]q-P-Iƒ,
hn-Ø -kw-Lm-X -kn≤n ˛ henb [\-e_v[n,
(a\p-h-c-kp-c]qPsIm- v hnØkn≤n F∂pw ImWp∂p∂p.)
308
acp-Xv D-jvW -t«-jvatcm-K -{]-]oUm ˛ hmbp-t£m-`w, DjvWw, I^-tcmKw Ch-
bpsS ieyw
(25)
inJn-P-\n-X-Z-imbmw timI-tam-tlm f w-K-\m`nx
{]`p-P-\-]-cn-]oUm hnØ-\mtim f -]-cm[x
{]`-hXn X\p-`mPmw t{]mjWw kzob-tZ-im˛
±i-\-N-c-W-tcmKx t«jva-k-¥m-]\w N.
8 tIXpZi
inJn-P-\n-X-Z-imbmw ˛- tIXp-Z-i-bn¬,
timI-tam-lw Aw-K-\m`n ˛ kv{XoI-fm¬ timIhpw tamlhpw
( hnclmZnIsfs°m- p≈ ZpJhpw X∂nanØap≈ a\›m©eyhpw
˛˛ as‰mcp hymJym\w)
{]`p-P-\ -]-cn-]oUm ˛ {]`p-°-fpsS ieyw,
hnØ-\m-i ˛ [\-\miw
A]-cm[ ˛ A]-cm[w,
t{]mjWw kzob-tZ-imXv ˛ \mSp-hn-tS-- n-h-cpI,
Zi-\- N-c-W- tcmK ˛ ]√v, Im¬ Chbv°v tcmKw,
t«jva-k-¥m-]\w ˛ I^-tcm-Kw. ChbpsS ieyw.
(26)
`rKpX\bZimbmawK\mcXv\hkv{X˛
ZypXn\n[n[\`qjmhmPniømk\m]vXnx
{IbIrjnPebm\ {]m]vXhnØmKtam hm
`hXnKpcphntbmtKm _m‘hm¿Øn¿at\mcpIv.
9 ip{IZi
`rKpX\bZimbmw ˛ ip{IZibn¬,
AwK\m cXv\ hkv{X ZypXn \n[n [\ `qjm hmPn iø Bk\m]vXnx
˛ kv{Xo, cXv\w, hkv{Xw, ZypXn, \n[n, [\w, B`cW߃, IpXnc, InSbv°,
Ccn∏nSw, ChbpsS e_v[n
{Ib Irjn Pebm\ {]m]vXhnØmKa I®hSw, Irjn, Pebm{X Ch hgn
[\{]m]vXn
`hXn KpcphntbmtKm ˛ Kpcp\mYs‚ / KpcpP\ßfpsS th¿]mSv,
_m‘hm¿Øn ˛ _‘pZpJw
at\mcpIv ˛ at\mthZ\.
309
A≤ym-bw 20
`mhm-[n-]- Z-im-^ew Hmtcm {Kl-ß-fp-sSbpw KpW-߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn Ah Ah-bpsS Zim-]-lm-c-ß-
fn¬ \¬Ip∂ (kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂) ^eßsf-bmWv Ign™ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®-Xv.
Ah `mhm-[n-]-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ \¬Ip∂ ^e-߃IqSn AXns‚ IqsS tN¿Øp Nn¥n-°-
Ww.-
(1)
`mth-iz-tcW {]_-te\ tb\
bZy-Xv^ew lo\-_-te\ tb\
bZm-\p-t`m-‡-hy-a-\\y kayIv
kwkq-N-bn-jy-XyY kw{K-tlW.
`mth-iz-tcW {]_-te\ tb\ ˛ _-e-ap≈ `mhm[n]-scs°m-- pw,
bZy-Xv^ew lo\-_-te\ tb\ ˛ Zp¿∫-e-cmb `mhm-[n-]-sc-s°m- pw D≈ ^ew,
bZm-\p-t`m-‡-hy-a-\\y kayIv ˛ Ft∏mƒ Fßns\ A\p-`-h-s∏Spw F∂v
kwkq-N-bn-jy-XyY kw{K-tlW ˛ Npcp°n ]d-bmw.
1. kpÿ `mhm-[n-]- Z-im-^ew (2)
et· _enjvtT PKXn {]`pXzw
kpJ-ÿnXnw tZl-_ew kph¿®x
D]-cyp-]-cy-`yp-Z-bm-`n-hr≤nw
{]m]vt\mXn _mte-μp-h-tZj PmXx.
1.e·m-[n-]s‚- -Zi et· _enjvtT ˛ e·w _e-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂m¬
PKXn {]`pXzw ˛ temI-Øn¬ {]`p-Xzhpw,
kpJ-ÿnXnw ˛ kpJmh-ÿbpw,
tZl-_ew ˛ icoc_ehpw,
kph¿® ˛ ico-c-Im¥nbpw D- mIpw.
310
_mte-μp-hXv G-j PmXx ˛ PmX-I≥ _me-N-{μ-s\-t∏mse,
D]-cn D-]-cn A`yp-±-b A`nhr≤nw ˛ ta¬°p-ta¬ A`yp-±-bhpw A`nhr-≤nbpw
{]m]vt\mXn ˛ {]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
(3)
]mtI f ¿∞-\m-Yky IpSpw-_-kn≤nw
k¬]p-{Xn-Im]vXnw kpJ-t`m-P\w N
{]m]vt\mXn hmKvPohnIbm XZp‡nw
[\m\n h‡m kZkn {]i-kvXmw.
2 c- mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi ]mtI A¿∞-\m-Yky ˛ (_e-ap-≈) c- mw `mhm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
IpSpw-_-kn≤nw ˛ IpSpw_w,
k¬]p-{Xn-Im]vXnw ˛ kZvKp-W-ap≈ s]¨a-°ƒ,
kpJ-t`m-P\w ˛ kpJ-`-£Ww,
hmKvPo-hn-Ibm ˛ hmIv D]-Po-h-\-am¿§-w,
XZp‡nw [\m\n ˛ B hmIvkm-a¿∞yw-sIm- p [\-em`w,
h‡m kZkn {]i-kvXmw ˛ kZ- p-I-fn¬ {]i-kvX-\mb hm‹n-bm-Ipw.
Ch ^ew.
(4)
iutcy khotcy kl-Pm-\p-Iqeyw
kt¥m-j-hm-¿Øm-{i-hWw N iucyw
tk\m-]-XnXzw e`tX f `nam\w
P\m-{ibw kZvKp-W-`m-P-\-Xzw. 3 aq∂mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi iutcy khotcy ˛ _e-hm-\mb aq∂mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
kl-Pm-\p-Iqeyw ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS klmbw.
kt¥m-j-hm-¿Øm-{i-hWw ˛ kt¥m-j-hm¿ØIƒ tIƒ°pw.
iucyw,
tk\m-]-XnXzw,
A`nam\w,
P\m-{ibw
kZvKp-W-`m-P-\-Xzw ˛ \√ Kp-W-߃°v Ccn-∏n-Sw- Ch ^ew.
(5)
_‘q]Imcw Irjn-I¿Ω-kn≤ow
kv{Xokw-Kaw hml-\-em-`-taXn
t£{Xw Krlw \qX-\-a¿∞-kn≤nw
ÿm\-{]-ikvXnw N kptJ Zim-bmw.(1)
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kptJi Zmtb.
311
4 \memw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi kptJ Zim-bmw ˛ (_ehm\mb) \memw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
_‘q]Imcw ˛ _‘p-°-sf-s°m- v D]-Imcw.
Irjn-I¿Ω-kn≤ow ˛ Irjnbn¬ \n∂p t\´w.
kv{Xokw-Kaw ˛ kv{XokwKaw
hml-\-em-`w- ˛ hml-\-em`w.
t£{Xw Krlw \qX-\w A¿∞-kn≤nw ˛ Irjn`qan, ]pXnb hoSv, [\w, Ch-bp- mIpw.
ÿm\-{]-ikvXnw ˛ ÿm\-am-\-߃ e`n-°pw.
(6)
]p{X-{]m]vXnw _‘p-hn-emkw \r]-Xo\mw
kmNnhyw hm [o-i-Z-imbmw _lp-am\w
{]mssPy¿t`m-ssPy¿ar-jvSanlm-iv\mXn ZZmXn
t{ib-kvImcyw k÷-\-ikvXw k hnZ-≤ym-Xv.
5 A©mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi [o-i-Z-imbmw ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) A©mw-`m-hm-[n-]-s‚ Zibn¬
]p{X-{]m]vXnw ˛ ]p{X-P-\\w.
_‘p-hn-emkw ˛ _‘p-°-fp-ambn BtLm-jw.
\r]-Xn\mw kmNnhyw ˛ a{¥n-]Zw.
_lp-am\w ˛ _lp-a-Xn-Iƒ.
]mssPyx t`m-ssPyx
ar-jvS-an-lm-iv\mXn ZZmXn ˛ \√ `£-W-߃ Ign-°p-Ibpw
a‰p-≈-h¿°p sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.
t{ib-kvImcyw k÷-\-ikvXw ˛ k÷-\-ß-ƒ {]iwkn-°p∂ t{ib v
Ch- ^-ew.
(7)
cn]q∂n-l¥n kml-ssk-c-co-iz-cky h’tc
Atcm-K-Xm-ap-Zm-c-Xm--a-[r-jy-Xm-a-Xn-{in-bw.
AhnLv\Xma`uaXmaXpey_mlphocyXm˛
akwibw ktaXytYm icoc]pjvSXma]n
6 Bdmw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi Aco-iz-cky h’tc ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) Bdmw-`m-hm-[ns‚ -Zibn¬.
cn]p-≥ \nl¥n kml-sskx- ˛ kml-kw-sIm- v i{Xp-°sf h[n°pw.
Atcm-K-Xmw- ˛ BtcmKyw.
DZm-c-Xm--w ˛ Zm\-ioew.
A[r-jyX ˛ AP-øX.
AXn-{inbw ˛ sFizcyw.
AhnLv\Xm ˛ hnLv\ßfn√mXncn°pI. .
A`uaXm ˛ A`uaamb t\´ßƒ.
AXpey_mlphocyXm ˛ AXpeyamb Ic_ew.
Cu t«mIØnse 3, 4 hcnIƒ sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏n¬ am{Xta ImWp∂p≈p.
312
(8)
kºmZy hkv{Xm-`-cWm\n iømw
{]otXm caWymw ca-tX- f Xn-hocyx
ItcmXn Ieym-W-a-tlm-’-hm-Zo≥
kt¥m-j-bm{Xmw N atZ-i-Zm-tb.
7 Ggmw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi atZ-i-Zm-tb ˛ (_e-hm-\mb)Ggmw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚Zi-bn¬,
hkv{X B-`-cmWm\n iømw kºmZy {]otXm caWymw ca-tX A-Xn-hocy
˛ hkv{Xw, B`-c-Ww, InSbv° Ch kºm-Zn®v `mcysb {]oX-bm°n h¿-≤n-X-
ho-cy-tØmsS can-°pw.
ItcmXn Ieym-W-a-tlm-’-hm-Zo≥ ˛ Ieym-W-ßfpw a‰p atlm-’-hm-Zn-Ifpw
kt¥m-j-bm{Xmw ˛ D√m-k-bm-{X-Ifpw a‰pw \SØpw.
(9)
EW-hn-tam-N-\-apOvdXn-am-fl\x
Ie-l-Ir-Xy-\n-hr-Øn-ap-ss]Xn kx
aln-j-]-iz-P-`r-Xy-P-\m-Kaw
hbkn c{‘-]-tX¿_-e-im-en-\x.
8 F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi hbkn c{‘-]-tXx _-e-im-en-\x ˛ _e-hm-\mb F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
EW-hn-tam-N-\w ˛ ISØn¬ \n∂pw tamN\w,
DOvdXn-w B-fl\ ˛ ta¬KXn,
Ie-l-Ir-Xy- \n-hr-Øn-ap-ss]Xn ˛ hg-°p-Iƒ°p ]cn-lmcw,
aln-j- ]-ip AP- `r-Xy-P-\ B-Kaw t]mØv, ]ip, BSv, the-°m¿ Ch h∂p-tNcpw.
(10)
kv{Xo]p{X-]u-ss{X l _‘p-h¿ss§x
`mKyw {inbw N A\p-`-h-Xy-P{kw
t{ibmwkn Imcym-Wy-h-\o-i-]qPmw
`mtKy-i-Zmtb ZznP-tZ-h-`-‡nw.
9 Hº-Xmw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi `mtKy-i-Zmtb ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) HºXmw `mhm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
kv{Xo]p{X-]u-ss{Xx kl _‘p-h¿ss§x ˛
˛ `mcy, a°ƒ, a°-fpsS a°ƒ, _‘p-°ƒ
XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS -IqsS.
`mKyw {inbw N A\p-`-h-Xy-P{kw˛ `mKyhpw sFiz-cyhpw F∂pw A\p-`-hn-°pw.
t{ibmwkn Imcym-Wn ˛ t{ib-kvI-c-amb Imcy-߃ sNøpw.
Ah-\o-i-]qPmw ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w e`n°pw
ZznP-tZ-h-`-‡nw ˛ {_-“-⁄m-\n-I-fn-epw tZh-∑m-cnepw
`‡n D- mIpw.
313
(11)
bXvIm-cy-am-c-_v[-ap-ss]-Xy-t\\
Xsskyh kn≤nw kpJ-Po-h\w N
Io¿Ønw {]XnjvTmw Ipi-e-{]-hrØnw
amt\m-∂Xnw I¿Ω-]-tX¿Z-im-bmw.
10 ]Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚- Zi I¿Ω-]-tX¿Z-im-bmw ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) ]-Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]-s‚) Zi-bn¬,
bXvIm-cy-am-c-_v[-ap-ss]-Xn A-t\\ Xsskyh kn≤nw
˛ XpS-ßp-∂ Imcy-sa√mw hnP-bn°pw,
kpJ-Po-h\w N ˛ PohnXw kpJ-{]Z-am-Ipw.
Io¿Ønw ˛ {]ikvXn
{]XnjvT ˛ k¬t∏cv.
Ipi-e-{]-hrØn ˛ Ipi-e-amb {]h¿Øn-Iƒ
amt\m-∂Xnw ˛ ÿm\am\ßfn¬ Db¿®.
(12)
sFiz-cy-a-hym-l-X-an-jvS-_-‘p˛
kam-Kaw `rXy-P-\mw› Zmkm≥
kwkm-c-ku-`m-Ky-a-tlm-Z-b›
et`X em`m-[n-]-tX¿Z-im-bmw.
11 ]Xn-s\m∂mw- `m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi em`m-[n-]-tX¿Z-im-bmw ˛ (_e-hm-\mb) ]Xns\m∂mw `mhm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬.
sFiz-cy-w- Ahym-l-Xw ˛ sFizcyw XS an√msX h¿≤n®p
sImt- bncn°pw
C-jvS-_-‘pkam-Kaw ˛ th- -s∏-´-h-cpambn kamKaw D- mIpw
`rXy-P-\mw N Zmkm≥ ˛ `rXycpw Zmk-∑mcpw
kwkm-c- ku-`m-Ky -a-tlm-Z-b› euIn-Iamb F√m `mKy-ßfpw,
e`tX ˛ e`n°pw.
(13)
hytb-in-Xp¿hb-kyXn hybw ItcmXn k÷t\
ALu-L-\m-in\nw ip`-{Inbmw alo-i-am-\y-Xmw
\r]{]nbXzam\ytX ]cn—ZmZn e`yXm˛
aZp¿√`matcmKXmw ]ZÿnXnw XYm]v\pbmXv.
12 ]{¥- mw- `m-hm-[n-]s‚- -Zi hytb-in-Xpx hb-kyXn --˛ (_e-hm-\mb) ]{¥- mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚-
- Zibn¬,
hybw ItcmXn k÷t\ ˛ k÷-\-߃°p th- n hybw sNøpw.
ALu-L-\m-in\nw ip`-{Inbmw ˛ ]m]-\m-i-Iß-fmb kXvI¿Ω-߃ sNøpw.
alo-i-am-\y-Xmw ˛ cmP-_-lp-am-\w D- m-Ipw.
314
\r]{]nbXzam\ytX ˛ cmPmhn¬\n∂p kvt\lhpw am\yXbpw
e`n°pw.
]cn—ZmZn e`yXm ˛ Km¿lntIm]IcWßfpsS e_v[nbpw.
AtcmKXmw ˛ BtcmKyhpw
]ZÿnXn ˛ ÿm\KpWhpw D- mIpw
.
Ggmw t«mIØnset∏mse Cu t«mIØnsebpw 3, 4 hcnIƒ sImSpß√q¿
]Xn∏n¬ am{Xta ImWp∂p≈p.
12.Zpÿ `mhm[n] Zim-^-ew
(14)
h{I-Kky \nP-Xpw-K-kp-lr-’-Xv˛
ÿm\-Kky Xp Zim-^-e-tahw
i{Xp-\o-N-Kr-l-au-Vy-j-U-¥y˛
On{ZKky Xp ^em-\y]n ht£y.
1 h{I-Kky \nP-Xpw-K -kp-lr-Xv kXvÿm\-Kky Xp Zim-^-ew- Ghw
˛ h{I-w, D®w, an{X-t£-{Xw, kpÿm\w (6˛8-˛12 Hgn-®p-≈h) Ch-bn¬ \n¬°p∂
{Kl-ßfpsS Zim-^ew, AXmbXv _eap≈ `mhm[n]cpsS Zim^ew, ta¬]-
™Xp-t]msebmWv .
2 i{Xp, \o-N-{Krl, au-Vy-, j-U-¥y On{ZKky ^em-\n A]n ht£y.
- ˛ i{Xp-t£-{Xw, Xs‚ \oN-cminbn¬ \n¬°p-∂ -{Klw, auVy-ap≈ {Klw,
6˛12-˛8 `mh-ßfn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw XpSßnbhbpsS, -AXmbXv _ean√mØ
`mhm[n]cpsS Zim^ew, C\n ]d-bp-∂p.
(15)
Zpxtÿ e·-]Xu \ntcm-[-\-ap-ss]-Xy-⁄m-X-hmkw `bw
hym[ym-[n-\n-X-c-{In-bm-`n-K-a\w(1) ÿm\-NypXnw Nm]Zw
PmUyw kwkZn hm°p-Spw-_-N-e\w Zpjv]-{XnImw Zr{KpPw
hmKvtZmjw {Zhn-W-hybw \r]-`bw Zpxtÿ ZznXo-bm-[n-t].
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ hym[ym-[o-\-]-c-{In-bm-`n-K-a\w
1 Zp¿∫-e-\mb e·m[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬ Zpxtÿ e·-]Xu ˛ e·-\m-[n-]≥ Zpÿ-\m-bm¬, )
\ntcm-[\w- Dss]-Xn ˛ hne°pIƒ
( {]hrØnIƒ°p hne°v 4)
A⁄m-X-hmkw ˛ Hfnhn¬ Ign-tb-- -Xmbpw hcpI,
`bw hym[n B-[n ˛ t]Sn, tcmKw, ZpJw,
CX-c-{In-bm-`n-K-a\w ˛ CX-c-{In-b-Isf A`n-K-an-°p-I.
A`n-K-an-°pI ˛ {]m]n-°p-I, A\p-K-an-°p-I.
ÿm\-NypXnw N B]Zw ˛ ÿm\-{`wihpw B]Øpw
315
2 Zp¿∫-e-\mb c- mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬ Zpxtÿ ZznXo-bm-[n-t] ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb c- mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬
PmUyw kwkZn ˛ kZ- n¬ tim`n-°msX hcpI
hmIv Ip-Spw-_-N-e\w ˛ hm°p ]men-°m≥ Ign-bmsX hcpI, hoSp-am-dpI
Zpjv]-{XnImw ˛ tZmj-I-c-amb IØp-Iƒ
Zr{KpPw ˛ ZrIv cpPw ˛ t\{X-tcmKw
hmKvtZmjw ˛ \mhp ]ng-bv°pI,
{Zhn-W-hybw ˛ [\-\jvSw,
\r]-`bw ˛ cmP-tIm]w.
(16)
Zp›n-XvIm-[n-]Xu ktlm-Z-c-arXnw Imtcy Zpcm-tem-N-\m˛
a¥»{Xp-\n-]o-U\w ]cn-`hw XZvK¿h -`wKw htZXv.
amXr-t¢-i-a-cn-jvS-an-jvS-kp-lrZmw t£{X-Kr-tlm-]-πpXnw
]iz-izm-Zn-hn-\m-i\w Pe-`bw ]mXm-f-\m-tY -f _-te.
3 Zp¿∫-e-\mb aq∂mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi Zp›n-XvIm-[n-]Xu ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb aq∂mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
ktlm-Z-c-arXn ˛ ktlm-Z-c-a-cWw,
Imtcy Zpcm-tem-N-\mw ˛ Zp¿Δn-Nmcw,
A¥xi{Xp-\n-]o-U\w, ]cn`hw ˛ a\x-t¢-iw, i{Xp-]oU, ]cn-`hw
K¿h-`wKw ˛ Al-¶m-c-\miw
4 Zp¿∫-e-\mb \memw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi ]mXm-f-\m-tY A-_-te ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb \memw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬
amXr-t¢-i-w ˛ amXr-ZpJw
Acn-jvSw C--jvS-kp-lrZmw ˛ th- -s∏-´-h¿°v AcnjvSw,
ZpJw t£{X- Kr-tlm-]-πpXnw ˛ `qan°pw hoSn\pw \miw,
]ip Aizm-Zn -hn-\m-i\w ˛ ]ip-°ƒ, IpXn-c-Iƒ Ch-b°p \miw,
Pe-`bw.
(17)
hotcymt\ {]Xn-`m-]Xu kpX-ar-Xn _p-≤n-{`aw h©\mw
A≤zm-\w- lyp-Z-cm(PTcm)-abw \c-]tXx tIm]w kzi-‡n-£bw
tNmcm-Xv `o-Xn A\¿∞-Zw N Za\w tcmKm≥ _lq≥ ZpjvIrXnw
`rXyXzw e`tX f h-am-\abix jjvtT-i-Zmtb {hWw.
5 Zp¿∫-e-\mb A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi hotcymt\ {]Xn-`m-]Xu ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb A©mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
kpX-ar-Xn ˛ ]p{X-a-cWw,
_p-≤n-{`aw ˛ {`m¥v,
h©\,
A≤zm-\w, -
D-Z-cm-abw ˛ hb-‰n\v AkpJw,
\c-]tXx tIm]w ˛ cmP-tIm]w,
316
kzi-‡n-£bw ˛ _e-£-bw,
.6 Zp¿∫-e-\mb Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi
jjvtT-i-Zmtb ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb Bdmw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
tNmcm-Xv `o-Xn ˛ XkvI-c-`bw,
A\¿∞-Zw -- ˛ A\¿∞-߃,
Za\w ˛ Io-g-S-߬ / Iogvs∏S¬,
tcmKm≥ _lq≥ ˛ tcmK-]oU,
ZpjvIrXnw ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω-߃,
`rXyXzw ˛ ZmkXzw,
Ah-am-\w-
Abix ˛ ZpjvIo¿Øn,
{hWw.
(18)
Pmam-Xp¿hy-k\w If-{X-hn-clw kv{Xotl-Xz-\¿∞m-Kaw
Zyqt\ti hn_-en-\y-k-Xy-`n-cXnw Kplym-abw NmS\w
ct{‘-im-bpjn timI-tam-l-a-Z-\m-’¿Δm-`n-aq¿t—m-{OXnw
Zmcn{Zyw {`aWw htZ-Z-]-b-tim-hym-[o-\-h⁄mw arXnw.
7 Zp¿∫-e-\mb Ggmw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi Zyqt\ti hn_-en-\n ˛ Ggmw-`m-hm-[n-]\p _e-an-s√-¶n¬,
Pmam-Xpx hy-k\w ˛ aI-fpsS `¿Ømhv aqew ZpJw,
If-{X-hn-clw ˛ `mcym-hn-clw,
kv{Xotl-Xp A\¿∞m-Kaw ˛ kv{Xo Im-cWw A\¿∞-߃,
Ak-Xn A-`n-cXnw ˛ ]ng® kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘w,
Kplym-abw ˛ Kply-tcmKw,
AS\w ˛ Ducp-Np-‰¬,
8 Zp¿∫-e-\mb F´mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi ct{‘-im-bpjn ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb F´mw `mhm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
timI -tam-l -a-Z-\m-Xv k¿Δm-`n-aq¿t—m-{OXnw˛ ZpJw, tamlw,-Imaw Ch-aqew {]iv\-߃,
Zmcn{Zyw,
{`aWw ˛ Id°w, Ae-™p-Xn-cn-b¬,
A-]-b-tim- ˛ Zpjv-Io¿Øn
hym-[o-≥ ˛ tcmK-߃,
A-h⁄mw ˛ \nμ
arXnw ˛ acWw,
(19)
]q¿thm-]m-knXtZh-tIm]aip`w Pmbm-X-\q-Pm-]Zw
ZujvIrXyw kzKptcmx ]nXp› \n[\w ssZ\yw ipt` Zp¿∫te
bZyXv I¿Ω ItcmXn XØ-Z-^ew kym∑m-\-`wKw \t`m˛
`mth Zp¿§p-WXmw {]hm-k-a-ip`w Zp¿hr-Øn-am-]-∂-Xmw.
317
9 Zp¿∫-e-\mb HºXmw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi ipt` Zp¿∫te ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\m-b HºXmw -`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
]q¿thm-]m-knXtZh-tIm]w ˛ apºv D]m-kn-®n-cp∂ tZh-X-bpsS tIm]w,
Aip`w,
Pmbm- X-\q-P B-]Zw ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw B]Øv
v ZujvIrXyw ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω-߃
kzKptcmx ]nXp› \n[\w ˛ Kpcp-hn\pw A—\pw acWw
ssZ\yw ˛ Zo\X
10 Zp¿∫-e-\mb ]Ømw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi \t`m `mth ˛ Zp¿∫e-\mb ]Ømw-`m-hm-[n-]-s‚ Zi-bn¬,
bZyXv I¿Ω ItcmXn, XØ-Xv A-^ew˛ sNøp∂ I¿Ω-ß-sf√mw \njv^-e-am-hpI,
am-\-`wKw,
Zp¿§p-WXmw ˛ Zp¿§p-W-߃,
{]hm-k-w ˛ A\y-tZ-i-hmkw,
Aip`w,
Zp¿hr-Øn- ˛ Zpjv{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ
B]-∂-Xmw ˛ B]-Øp-Iƒ.
(20)
{ih-W-a-ip-`-hmNmw {`mXr-IjvSw kpXm¿Ønw
`h-]-h-bkn ssZ\yw h©\w I¿Æ-tcmKw
_lp-cp-P-a-]-am\w _‘\w k¿h-k-ºXv
£b-a-]-c-iio hm bmXn cnt^-i-Zm-tb.
11 Zp¿∫-e-\mb ]Xns\m-∂mw`mhm[n]s‚ Zi `h-]-h-bkn ˛ ]Xn-s\m-∂mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬,
{ih-W-w A-ip-`-hmNm ˛ Aip-`-hm¿Ø-Iƒ tI¬°pw.
{`mXr-IjvSw ˛ ktlm-Z-c\p (tPyjvT\p) -IjvSw
kpXm¿Ønw ˛ ]p{X-ZpJw
ssZ\yw
h©\w
I¿Æ-tcmKw
12 Zp¿∫-e-\mb ]{¥-- mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi cnxt^-i-Zm-tb ˛ ]{¥-- mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ Zi-bn¬
_lp-cp-Pw - ˛ hfsc tcmK-߃
A-]-am\w
_‘\w
k¿h-k-ºXv £b-w- A]-c-iio hm IdpØ ]£Ønse N{μs\t∏mse
]Sn]Snbmbn kIe kºØpw \in°pw.
(21)
kw⁄mbmw bZ-Km-® -ImcI-hn-[n-t«m-tIjp b÷¬∏nXw
I¿Ωm-Po-h-\n-cq-]nXw ^e-anZw bt{Zm-K-Nn-¥m-hn[u
318
bZy-tky-£-W-tbm-K-kw-`-h-^ew `mth-i-tbm-tKm-¤hw
`mth-ssi-c-]n- `m-h-ssK-c-]n- ^ew hmNyw Zim-bm-an-l.
3. Zim^e{]hN\Øn¬ {i≤nt°-
Nne {][m\ Imcyß߃
kw⁄mbmw bZ-Km- N ˛ kw⁄m≤ym-b-Ønepw ( A≤ymbw 1 )
ImcI-hn-[n-t«m-tIjp b÷¬∏nXw ˛ ImcIhn[nA≤ymbØnepw ( A≤ymbw 2 )
I¿Ωm-Po-h--\n-cq-]nXw ˛ I¿Ω-Po-h-{]-I-c-W-Ønepw, ( A≤ymbw 5 )
bXv tcmK-Nn-¥m-hn[u ˛ tcmK-Nn-¥m-hn-[n-bnepw, (A≤ymbw 14)
^e-anZw ˛ ]d-™n-´p-≈- ^e-ßfpw,
bZy-ky -Cu£-W -tbm-K -kw-`-h-^ew ˛ {Kl-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn, tbmKw Ch-bpsS
^ew, (A≤ymbw 18)
`mth-ssi- `m-h-ssK- `mthitbmtKm-¤hw ˛ mhm-[n-]cpsS hnhn[`mhßfnse ÿnXn,
tbmKw ChbpsS ^ew (A≤ymbw 15, 16)
^ew hmNyw Zim-bm-an-l ˛ XpSßnbhsb√mwXs∂]cnKWn®n´pthWw
Zim^ew ]dbm≥.
(22)
h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-ÿ-Zim ip`-{]Zm
anss{ih km NmkvX-antX N \oNtK
arXyp¿hy-bm-co-i-Z-im-]-lm-c-tbm˛
kvX{X ÿnX-kym-]y-ip`w ^ew `th-Xv.
h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-ÿ- Zim ip`-{]Zm ˛ h¿t§m-a-ÿn-Xn-bp≈ {Kl-Øns‚ Zi
ip`-{]-Z-am-Ipw.
anss{ih km N AkvX-antX N \oNtK B {KlØn\p auVytam \oN-tam h∂m¬
an{i-^ew,
arXypx hy-b A-co-i - ˛ 8˛12-˛6 `mhm-[n-]-cpsSbpw
X{X ÿnX-ky A-]n ˛ B `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-ß-fpsSbpw
Z-im-]-lm-c-tbmx ˛ Zim]lmc߃
A-ip`w ^ew `th-Xv ˛ Aip`^e-{]-Z-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.
(23)
{Iqc-{K-l-sskyh Zim-]-lmtc
{Xn]-©-k-]vX¿£-]-tX¿hn-]mtI
XssYh P∑m-jvSa\m-Y-`p‡u
tNmcm-cn-]oUmw e`-tX f Xn-Zpx-Jw.
{Iqc-{K-l-sskyh Zim-]-lmtc ˛- {Iqc-{K-l-ß-fpsS Zim-]-lm-c-ß-fnepw,
{Xn ]-©- k-]vX¿£]-tXx hn-]mtI ˛ 3˛5-˛7 \£-{Xm-[n-]-cpsS ZimIme-ß-fnepw,
XssYh ˛ AXp-t]mse,
P∑m-jvSa\m-Y-`p‡u ˛ F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]s‚ A]-lm-c-Im-eØpw,
tNmc A-cn -]oUmw ˛ I≈-∑m¿, i{Xp-°ƒ Ch-cpsS D]-{Z-hhpw,
319
A-Xn-Zpx-Jw ˛ -ZpJhpw D- mIpw.
(24)
it\-›-Xp¿∞o N KptcmkvXp jjvTo
Zim IpPmtlym¿bZn ]©ao km
IjvSm `th-{Zm-iy-h-km-\-`m-K˛
ÿnXky Zpxÿm-\-]-tX-kvX-ssY-h.
it\-x N-Xp¿∞o ˛ i\nbpsS Zi \mem-a-Xmtbm
KptcmkvXp jjvTo ˛ hymg-Øns‚ Zi Bdm-a-Xmtbm
Zim IpPmtlymx bZn ]©ao ˛ IpPs‚bpw cmlphnt‚bpw Zi
A©maXmtbm h∂mepw
km IjvSm ˛ B Zi IjvS^e-{]Z-am-Ipw.
cm-iy-h-km-\-`m-KÿnXky ˛ cmin-bpsS Ah-km-\-`mKbn¬ \n¬°p∂
{KlØns‚ Zibpw
Zpxÿm-\-]-tX-x ˛ Zpÿm\]XnbpsS Zibpw
X-ssY-h ˛ A{]-Imcw Xs∂ (tZm-j-I-c-am-Wv.)
,
(25)
Du¿≤zm-ky-Xpw-K-`-h-\-ÿn-X-`q-an-Pky
I¿Ωm-b-Kky ln Zim hnZ-[mXn cmPyw
PnXzm cn]q≥ hn]p-e-hm-l-\-ssk-\y-bp‡mw
cmPy-{inbw hnX-\p-tX- f [n-I-a-∂-Zm\w.
Du¿≤zm-ky- - ˛ Du¿≤z-ap-J-cm-inbn-tem,
Xpw-K-`-h-\- ˛ D®-cm-in-bntem,
I¿Ωm Bb-Kky ˛ ]Øv ]Xn-s\m-∂v `mh-ßfntem \n¬°p∂,
`q-an-Pky Zim ˛ IpPs‚ Zi-bn¬,
PnXzm cn]q≥ ˛ i{Xp-°sf Pbn®v,
hn]p-e- hm-l-\ -ssk-\y- bp‡mw ˛ hfsc hml-\-ßfpw ssk-\y-ßfpap≈,
cmPyw hnZ-[mXn ˛ cmPyw t\Sp-∂p.,
cmPy-{inbw ˛ cmPy{io D- mIp∂p.
hnX-\p-tX- A[n-I-a-∂-Zm\w ˛ [cm-f-ambn A∂-Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p.
(26)
tkzm®-ÿntXm `rKp-kptXm hyb-I¿ΩtKm hm
emt` f ]n hmfkvX-c-lntXm \ N ]m]-bp‡x
Xkym-_vZ-]m-I-hn-jtb _lp-c-Xv\-]q¿tÆm
[oam≥ hnim-e-hn-`thm PbXn {]i-kvXx.
`rKp-kptXm tkzm®-ÿntXm ˛ ip{I≥ D®-Øntem
B ÿnXn hyb- I¿ΩtKm hm emt` A]n ˛ ]{¥-- ntem, ]Øntem, ]Xn-s\m-∂ntem,
AkvX-c-lntXm ˛ auVy-tam,
320
\ N ]m]-bp‡ ˛ ]m]-tbm-Ktam C--√msX \n∂m¬,
Xky A_vZ-]m-I-hn-jtb ˛ B ip{Is‚ Zim-]-lm-c-ßfn¬,
_lp-c-Xv\-]q¿tÆm ˛ hfsc cXv\-ßfp≈h\pw
[oam≥ ˛ _p≤n-am\pw,
hnim-e-hn-`thm ˛ hn`-h-kº-∂-\pw,
{]i-kvX --˛ {]i-kvX-\pw BIpw.
(27)
\oNm-cn-j-jvT-hy-b-kw-{inXm ln
ip`mx {]b-—-¥yip-`m\n k¿th
ipt`-X-cm-tlyjp KXm {]b›
¥ytam-L-Zpx-Jm\n Zimkp tXjmw.
\oN Acn- j-jvT- hy-b- kw-{inXm ln ˛ \oNw, i{Xp-t£{Xw, 6˛12 `mh-߃ Ch-
bn¬ \n¬°p∂
ip`m {]b-—-¥n Aip-`m\n k¿th ˛ ip`∑m¿ Aip-`-^-e-߃ \¬Ip-∂p.
ipt`-X-cm-tlyjp KXm {]b›¥n ˛ ]m]-∑m¿°mWv CØcw ZpÿnXn-bp-≈-sX-
¶n¬
Atam-L- Zpx-Jm\n Zimkp tXjmw. ˛ Ah-bpsS Zi-bn¬ AXy¥w ZpJsØ
sNøp∂p.
(28)
Zti-i-i-t{Xm-c-cn-tK-l-`mtPm
et·-i-i-t{Xm-c]n hmfY `p‡u
it{Xm¿`bw ÿm\-`(e)bx XZmky
kv\nKvt≤m f ]ni{Xp-Xz-ap-ss]Xn \q\w.
Zti-i- i-t{Xm-x ˛ Zim-\m-Ys‚ i{Xp-hn-s‚bpw,
Acn-tK-l-`mtPm ˛ Bdmw-`m-h-Øn¬\n¬°p∂{Kl-Øn-s‚bpw,
et·-i- i-t{Xm-x ˛ e·m-[n-]s‚ i{Xp-hn-s‚bpw,
`p‡u ˛ A]-lm-c-Øn¬,
it{Xmx `bw ˛ i{Xp-`bw,
ÿm\ -(`bw) Ne\w ˛ ÿm\-N-e\w,
kv\nKvt[m]n i{Xp-Xz-w Dss]Xn ˛ _‘p-°ƒIqSn i{Xp-°-fmIpI F∂nh
^ew.
(29)
b¤m-hKx ]mI-]-Xn¿±-ti-im˛
ؤm-h-Pm-Xm\n ^em\n IpcymXv
hn]-£cnx^mjvSa-`m-h-K-t›Xv
ZpxJw hnZ-[rm-Zn-X-c{X kuJyw.
b¤m-hKx ]mI-]-Xn¿±-ti-im ˛ Zim-\m-Y\n¬\n∂pw F{Xm-asØ `mh-
Ønem tWm A]-lmc\m-Y≥ \n¬°p-∂pXv-,
X¤m-h-Pm-Xm\n ^em\n IpcymXv ˛ B `mh-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-am-b -^-e-ß-fmWv
B {Klw (A]-lm-c-\m-Y≥) \¬IpI.
321
hn]-£ cnx^ AjvS-a -`m-h-K-t›Xv ZpxJw Zim-\m-Y\n¬\n∂pw 6˛8-˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬
\n¬°p∂ A]-lm-c-\m-Y≥ ZpJhpw
hnZ-[r-Zn-c{X kuJyw ˛ AX-√mØ `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ A]-lm-c-
\m-Y≥ kpJhpw Xcpw.
(30)
tkzm®-{Xn-tIm-W-kz-ln-Xm-cn-\otN
]q¿Æw {Xn]m-Zm¿≤-]-Zm¬∏ iq\yw
{Iam—p`w tNZ-ip`w hntem-am¬
aqtV {Ktl \oN-^ew kaw(1) kymXv.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: \oNkaw ^ew
tkzm®- {Xn-tIm-W- kz-ln-X A-cn-\otN ˛ D®w, aqe{XntIm-Ww, kzt£{Xw, _‘p
t£{Xw, i{Xpt£{Xw, \oNw Ch-bn¬
\n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃,
]q¿Æw {Xn]m-Z A¿≤ -]-Z A¬∏ iq\yw ]q¿Æw,ap°m¬,Ac, Imev, A¬∏w, iq\yw
{Iam¬ ip`w tNXv ˛ F∂n-ß-s\ {Ia-Øn¬ ip`^ehpw
A-ip`w hntem-am¬ ˛ hntem-a-ambn Aip-`-^ehpw \¬Ipw.
aqtV {Ktl \oN-^ew kaw kymXv ˛ auVyap≈ {KlØns‚ ^ew \oN-ap≈
{Kl-Øns‚ ^eØn\p kaamWv. (iq\yw)..
(31)
aμ-am-μy-ln-J-tc-i-c-{‘]m
kvX∂-hmw-i-]-X-tbm f -]n tb {Klmx
tXjp Zp¿∫-e-Zim arXn-{]Zmx
IjvSt` NcXn kqcy-\-μ-t\.
aμ -am-μn A-ln- J-tc-i -c-{‘]m ˛ i\n,Kpfn-I≥, cmlp, 22-˛mw -{Zm°m-W-[n-]≥,
AjvS-am-[n-]≥ Chcpw
X∂-hmw-i-]-X-tbm A]n tb {Klmx ˛ Ch-cpsS\hmw-im-[n-]-∑m-cpw Bb {Kl-ß-fn¬,
tXjp Zp¿∫-e-Zim ˛ Zp¿∫-e-\mb {Kl-Øns‚ Zi-bn¬,
IjvSt` NcXn kqcy-\-μ-t\ ˛ i\n (Nm-c-h-im¬) Zpÿm-\Øp hcp-tºmƒ,
arXn-{]Zm ˛ ac-W-Im-c-W-am-Ipw.
(32)
arXo-i-\m-Y-ÿn-X-`mw-i-tI-itbmx
Jc-{Xn-`m-tK-iz-c-tbm¿Δ_eo-bkx
Zim-Kta arXyp-]-bp-‡-`mw-i-I˛
{XntIm-WtK tZh-Kpcu X\p-£bx
arXo-i- \m-Y -ÿn-X -`mw-i-tI-itbmx - ˛ AjvS-am-[n-]≥, B {Klw \n¬°p∂ cmin-
bpsS A[n-]≥, Awi-In® cmin-\m-Y≥,*
Jc-{Xn-`m-tK-iz-c-tbmx ˛ 22-˛mwt{Z°m-Wm-[n-]≥,
_eo-bkx Zim-Kta ˛ Ch-cn¬ _e-hm\mb {Kl-Øns‚ Zi-bn¬,
arXyp-]-bp-‡-`mw-i-I {XntIm-WtK tZh-Kpcp
322
˛ hymgw AjvS-a-Øntem AXns‚ {XntIm-W- Øntem Nmc-h-im¬ hcp∂ ka-bØv,
X\p-£bx ˛ tZl\miw (acWw) kw`-hn-°pw.
* ar-Xo-i≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS \mY≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmw-i-Øns‚ \mY≥
F∂pw ImWp∂p.
(33)
NXpjvS-bÿm Kpcp-P-∑-e-·]m
`h¥n at[y hb-kx kp-J-{]Zmx
{ItaW ]rjvtSm-`b akvX-tIm-Zb
ÿntXm- f ¥yya-≤y-{]-Y-tajp ]mI-Zx.
NXpjvS-bÿm Kpcp-P-∑-e-·]m -˛ hymgw, P∑-cm-iym-[n-]≥, e·m-[n-]≥ Ch¿
NXpjvS-bÿm ˛ tI{μ-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
`h¥n at[y hb-kx kp-J-{]Zmx ˛ a≤y-h-b- n¬ kpJ-{]-Z-am-Ipw.
]rjvtSm-Zb D`-tbm-Zb akvX-tIm-Zb ÿnX - ˛ ]rjvtSm-Z-bw, D`-tbm-Z-bw, io¿tjm-Zbw
F∂n-h-I-fn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃,
{ItaW A¥y a-≤y -{]-Y-tajp ]mI-Zx ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ Ah-km-\w, a≤yw, BZy`mK-ß-
fn¬ ew \¬Ipw.
(34)
bZv`m-htKm tKmN-ctXm hne-·mXv
Zti-izcx tkzm®-kp-lr-ZvKr-lÿx
XZv`mh-]pjvSnw IpcptX XZm\nw
_em-\zn-Xt›÷\-t\ f]n Xky.
_em-\zn-X P\-t\]n ... Zti-izcx ˛ PmXIm¬ _e-hm-\mb Zim-\m-Y≥,
b¤m-htKm tKmN-ctXm ˛ Nmc-h-im¬
tkzm®- kp-lr-ZvKr-lÿ ˛ kzt£-{Xw, D®w, an{X-t£{Xw XpSßnb
_eap≈ ÿm\ßfn¬ hcptºmƒ,
X¤m-h-]pjvSnw IpcptX XZm\nw ˛ B `mhßfpsS ]pjvSnsb°qSn - sNøp-∂p..
(\√ ^ew \¬Ip-∂p.)
(cN\bnep≈ {]XyIXsIm- mImw Cu t«mIØn\p ]e hymJym\ßfp-- v.)
(35)
_tem-\ntXm P∑\n ]mI-\mtYm
auVyw kz\oNw cn]p-a-μncw hm
{]m]vX› b¤m-h-ap-ss]Xn NmcmXv
X¤m-h-\miw IpcptX XZm-\nw.
auVyw kz\oNw cn]p-a-μncw hm {]m]vX› ˛ auVyw, \oNw, i{Xp-t£{Xw Ch-bnse
ÿnXnsIm- v
_tem-\tXm P∑\n ]mI-\mtYm ˛ PmXIm¬ _e-lo-\-\mb Zim-\m-Y≥
b¤m-h-ap-ss]Xn Nmcm¬ ˛ Nmc-h-im¬ GXp `mhØn¬ hcp-∂pthm,
323
X¤m-h-\miw IpcptX XZm-\nw ˛ At∏mƒ B `mh-Øn\p \misØ sNøp-
∂p.
(36)
Zti-iky XpwtK kplr-t¤ -Z-ti-i˛
{XnjvS-I-¿Ω-em-`-{Xn-tIm-Wm-kvX-t`jp
bZm Nmc-KXym kam-bmXn N{μx
ip`w kwhn-[-tØ- f \yYm tNZ-cnjvSw.
Zti-iky XpwtK kplr-t¤ ˛ Zim-\m-Ys‚ D®-cmin, an{X-t£-{Xw,
{Xn jvS -I-¿-Ω -em-` -{Xn-tIm-W A-kvX-t`jp ˛ Zti-is‚ 3˛6-˛10-˛11, {XntImWw (5, 9 ), 7
Ch-bn¬
bZm Nmc-KXym kam-bmXn N{μx ˛ N{μ≥ Nmch-im¬ hcp-tºmƒ,
ip`w kwhn-[-tØ ˛ ip`-^ew \¬Ip-∂p.
A-\yYm tNXv Acn-jvSw ˛ As√-¶n¬ tZmj-^-ew.
(37)
]mI-{]-`p¿tKm-N-cXx kz\oNw
auVyw bZm bmXn hn]-£`w hm
IjvSw hnZ-[ymXv kzKrlw kzXpwKw
h{Iw KtX kuJy-^ew XZm-\ow.
]mI-{]-`px tKm-N-cXx ˛ Zim\m-Y≥ Nm-c-h-im¬,
kz\oNw auVyw hn]-£`w bmXn XZm ˛ \oNw, auVyw, i{Xp-t£{Xw
Ch-bn¬ Ft∏mƒ hcp-∂pthm At∏mƒ,
IjvSw hnZ-[ymXv ˛ IjvS-^ew D- mIp∂p.,
kzKrlw kzXpwKw h{Iw KtX ˛ kzt£-{Xw, D®w, h{Iw Ch-bn¬ hcp-
tºmƒ,
kuJy-^ew XZm-\ow. ˛ kpJ-^-ehpw Xcp-∂p.
(38)
]mtI-iky ip`-{]-Zky `h\w
XpwKw {]]t∂ bZm
kqtcy X¬^-e-kn-≤n-taXn Kpcp-Wm f ˛ t]yhw ^ew Nn¥-tbXv
\oNw IjvS- -eky Xky N Zim-˛
\m-Yky sshcnKrlw
{]m]vtX `mkzXn tKmN-tcW e`tX
Xsskyh IjvSw ^ew.
]mtI-iky ip`-{]-Zky `h\w XpwKw ˛ ip`{]Z\mb Zim\mYs‚ D®-cm-in-bn¬
{]]t∂ bZm kqcy ˛ Ft∏mƒ kqcy≥ hcp-∂pthm A-t∏mƒ,
X¬^-e-kn-≤n-taXn ˛ B ip`-^ew A\p-`-h-Øn¬ hcpw.,
Kpcp-Wm A]n Ghw ^ew Nn¥-tbXv ˛ hymg-hpw C{]-Imcw ip`-^ew Xcpw.,
324
IjvS-^-eky Xky N Zim-\m-Yky ˛ IjvS-^ew Xcp∂ Zim-\m-Ys‚
\oNw sshcn-Krlw ˛ \oN-cm-in-bnepw i{Xp-t£-{X-Ønepw,
{]m]vtX `mkzXn tKmN-tcW ˛ kqcy≥ Nmc-h-im¬ hcp-tºmƒ,
e`tX Xsskyh IjvSw ^ew ˛ IjvS-^-ehpw A\p-`-h-am-Ip-∂p
(39)
tb\ {KtlW klntXm `pP-Km-[n-\mY˛
kvXXvtJ-S-Pm-X-Kp-W-tZm-j-^-em\n IpcymXv
k¿]m-\zn-Xx k Xp JK-»p-`-tZm]n IjvSw
ZpxJw Zim-¥y-k-atb IpcptX hnti-jmXv.
tb\ {KtlW klntXm `pP-Km-[n-\mY ˛ cmlp GXp {Kl-Øns‚ IqsS-bmtWm
\n¬°p-∂Xv,
X¬tJ-S-Pm-X-Kp-W-tZm-j-^-em\n IpcymXv B {Kl-Øn\p ka-am-b Kp-W-tZm-j-^-e
- ߃ \¬Ipw.
k¿∏m-\zn-X JK- ip-`-tZm]n ˛ cmlp-hn-s‚-IqsS \n¬°p∂ {Klw
ip`-^-e-Z-\m-sW-¶n¬°qSn
Zim-¥y-k-atb ˛ Zi-bpsS A¥y-`m-KØp
hnti-jm¬ ˛ hntij^eambn
IjvSw, ZpxJw IpcptX ˛ IjvShpw ZpJhpw Xcp-∂-XmWv.
(40)
Zzmh¿∞-Im-am-hnl amc-ImJyu
kvXZo-iz-c-kvX-{X-KtXm _emVyx
l¥n kz]mtI \n[-t\iztcm hm
hytb-iztcm hm]y-Xn-Zp¿∫-e-t›Xv
Zzmh¿∞-Im-am-hnl ˛ A¿∞w (2) Imaw (7) F∂o c- p `mh-ßfpw,
amc-ImJyu ˛ amcIßsf∂v Adnb-s∏-Sp-∂p
XZo-iz-c - .. _emVyx ˛ Ah-bpsS _eim-en-Ifmb A[n-]-∑mcpw
X-{X-KtXm ˛ Ah-bn¬\n¬°p-∂ (_e--ap≈) {Klßfpw
l¥n kz]mtI ˛ Xß-fpsS Zibn¬ h[n°p∂p.
\n[-t\iztcm hm hytb-iztcm hm A]n ˛ F´mw-`m-hm-[n-]-Xnbpw ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n-
]-Xnbpw
A-Xn-Zp¿∫-e-t›Xv ˛ hfsc Zp¿∫-e-cm-bn-cp-∂mepw
(Aßns\ kw`hn°pw.)
(41)
tIt{μ-iky ktXm -f ktXm f ip`-ip`u Ipcy-±-im- tIm-W]mx
k¿tΔ tim`-\Z kv{Xossh-cn-`-h]m bZy]y\¿∞-{]Zmx--
ct{‘-tim -f ]n -hn-e-·t]m bZn ip`w Ipcym-{Z-hn¿hm iio
btZyhw ip`Zx ]cm-i-c-aXw XØ-±-imbmw ^ew.
tIt{μ-iky ktXm- AktXm ip`-ip`u ˛ tI{μm[n]Xyap≈ Aip`≥ ip`^ehpw
ip`≥ Aip`^ehpw Xcpw.
325
Zim-tIm-W]mx k¿tΔ tim`-\Z ˛ {XntImWm[n]cmb {Kl߃ (Ah¿
ip`cmbmepw ]m]cmbmepw) ip`^ew
sNøpw.
{Xo ssh-cn- `-h]m A\¿∞-{]Zm ˛ 3, 6, 11 `mhm-[n-]¿ (ip`-cm-bmepw) Ah-cpsS
Zi-bn¬ A\¿∞-߃ sNøpw.
ct{‘-tim A-]n- hn-e-·t]m bZn ip`w... ˛ AjvS-am-[n-]\p e·m-[n-]Xyw IqSn
Ds- ¶n¬ ip`-^-ew \¬Ipw.
c-hnx hm iio bZn Ghw ˛ kqcyt\mN{μt\m C{]-Im-c-am-sW-¶n¬°qSn
(A-jvS-am-[n-]-Xy-ap-s- -¶nepw)
ip`Zx ]cm-i-c-aXw XØ-±-imbmw ^ew ˛ Ah-cpsS Zi-bn¬ ip`-^ew Xcp-sa∂v
]cm-i-c-a-Xw.
(kqcy-N-{μ∑m¿°v AjvS-am-[n-]Xy tZmj-an-√.)
(42)
tImWm-[oix tI{μKx tI{μt]m hm
tImW-ÿ› Zzu N tbmK-{]Zu Xu
Zzmh-t]yXu `p‡n-Imte Zimbm˛
at\ym\yw Xu tbmKZu tkm]-Im-cu
tImWm-[oix ˛ {XntIm-Wm-[n-]¿ (1,5,9 `mhm-[n-]¿),
tI{μt]m ˛ tI{μm-[n-]-Xn-Iƒ (1-˛4-˛7-˛10 `mhm-[n-]¿)
tI{μKx ˛ tI{μ-ßfn¬ \n¬°p-∂-h¿,
tImW-ÿ› ˛ {XntIm-W-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p-∂-h¿,
Zzu N tbmK-{]Zu Xu ˛ CXn¬ c- p-t]¿ (tI{μw + {XntImWw)
tN¿∂m¬ tbmK-{]-Z-cm-Ipw
Zzu A-]n GXu `p‡n-Imte Zimbmw ˛ c - p-t]cpw AhcpsS Zim]lmcIme
ßfn¬
At\ym\yw Xu tbmKZu tkm]-Im-cu ˛ ]-c-kv]cw tbmK{]Zcmb D]-Im-cn-IfmIpw.
43 apX¬ 54 hscbp≈ t«mI߃ ]cmictlmcbn¬\n∂pap≈hbmWv
. PmXIN{μnI, eLp]cmicn, DUpZmb{]Zo]w F∂o eLp{KŸßfn¬ Cu
t«mI߃ kamlcn®n´pap- v.
(43)
\ Znti-bp¿{K-lm-x k¿th kzZ-imkp kz`p-‡njp
ip`m-ip-`-^ew \rWm--amfl-`m-hm-\p-cq-]Xx.
{K-lm-x k¿th ˛ F√m {Klßfpw
kzZ-imkp kz`p-‡njp ˛ kz¥w Zi-Ifn¬ kz¥w A]-lm-c-Im-e-Øv
ip`m-ip-`-^ew \rWm--amfl-`m-hm-\p-cq-]Xx. Xß-fpsS kz`mha\pkcn®p≈
ip`m-ip-`^esØ
\ Znti-bp ˛ sNøp-∂n-√.
326
v (]q¿ΔZim\pcq]amb ^ew XpScpsa∂p Xm¬∏cyw F∂p IrjvW\mim≥)
(44)
Bfl-kw-_-‘nt\m tb N tb tb \nP- k-[¿ΩnWx
tXjm-a-¥¿Zim-tkzh Zni¥n kzZ-im-^-ew.
Bfl-kw-_-‘nt\m ˛ (Zim-\m-Y-∑m¿) Bfl-kw-_-‘n-Ifpw
\nP- k-[¿ΩnWx ˛ -k-[¿Ωn-Ifpw Bb {Kl-ß-fpsS
tXjm-a-¥¿Zim-tkzh ˛ A]lmcImeßfnemWv
Zni¥n kzZ-im-^-ew. ˛ kzZ-im-^-e-ßsf \¬IpI.
Bfl-kw-_‘nIƒ : tbmKw, ZrjvSn apXembhhgn X\n°p _‘ap≈-h¿. (15/30)
k[¿Ωn-Iƒ : ip`¿°p ip`cpw ]m]¿°p ]m]cpw
(45)
tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-W-t\-Xmcu tZmj-bp-.‡m-h]n kzbw
kw_-‘-am-{XmZv _en\u `thXmw tbmK-Im-c-Iu.
tI{μ -{Xn-tIm-W -t\-Xmcu ˛ tI{μw (1-˛4-˛7-˛10), {XntImWw (5-˛9)
Ch-bpsS A[n-]-Xn-Iƒ
tZmj-bp-‡m-h]n kzbw ˛ Ah kzbw tZmj-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂mepw
kw_-‘-am-{XmXv _en\u ˛ ]ckv]c_-‘w-sIm- p _eap≈hcmbn
`th Xmw tbmK-Im-c-Iu ˛ tbmK-Im-c-IcmIpw.
{KltZmjw tbmK-Im-c-I-Xz-Øn\p XS- -amhn√ F∂¿∞w. c- p `mh-ß-fpsS
B[n-]Xyw hcp∂ {Kl߃°v Hcp `mhw -ip`IcamsW-¶nepw a‰Xp tZmj-ap≈Xm
sW∂p hcm-a-t√m. DZm: Nnßw e·Øn\v hymgw. (5, 8)
(46)
{XntIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm¿at≤y kw_t‘m tb\ tI\ NnXv
tI{μ-\m-Yky _ent\m `th-ZyZn ktbmK-Ir-Xv.
{XntIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm at≤y ˛ Hcp {XntIm-Wm-[n-]-Xn-°v
tI{μ-\m-Yky _ent\m ˛ _eap≈ Hcp tI{μm[n]Xnbpambn
kw_t‘m tb\ tI\ NnXv ˛ _‘w h∂m¬
`th-ZyZn ktbmK-Ir-Xv. ˛ tbmKImcI\mIpw.
(47)
tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm-ssctIy Xu tbmK-Im-cIu
A\y-{Xn-tIm-W-]-Xn\m kw_t‘m bZn Inw ]p\x.
tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm-ssctIy ˛ tI{μm-[n-]\pw {XntIm-Wm-[n-]\pw
Htc {KlamsW¶n¬Øs∂
Xu tbmK-Im-cIu ˛ tbmK-Im-c-I-\m-Ipw.
A\y-{Xn-tIm-W-]-Xn\m ˛ B \nebv°v as‰mcp
327
{XntIm-Wm-[n-]\pambn
kw_t‘m bZn Inw ]p\x. ˛ _‘w h∂m¬ D≈ ^ew {]tXyIw
]d-tb- Xn√t√m.
Cu t«mIØnse Xu Bib°pg∏w D- m°p∂p- v. DUpZmb{]Zo]Øn¬
AXp XncpØnbXmbn ImWp∂p:
tI{μ-{Xn-tIm-Wm-[n-]-tbm- GItXz tbmK-Im-cnXm
A\y-{Xn-tIm-W-]-Xn\m kw_t‘m bZn Inw ]cw.
(48)
tbmK-Im-c-I-kw-_-‘mXv ]m]n-t\m f ]n {Klmx kzXx
XØ-Zv`p-‡y-\p-km-tcW Zntbibp¿bu-KnIw ^ew.
]m]n-\ A]n {Klmx kzXx ˛ kzXth ]m]∑mcmb {Klßfpw
tbmK-Im-c-I-kw-_-‘mXv ˛ tbmK-Im-c-I-_‘wsIm- v
XØ-¤p-‡y-\p-km-tcW ˛ Ah--c-h-cpsS A]-lm-c-Im-e-ß-fn¬
Zntbibp¿bu-KnIw ^ew. ˛ tbmK-^ew \¬Ipw.
tbmKImcI_‘ap≈ ]m]∑mcpw XßfpsS ZiIfn¬ hcp∂
tbmKImcI`p‡nIfn¬ tbmK^esØ {]Zm\w sNøpsa∂p Xm¬∏cyw ˛
IrjvW\im≥, PmXIN{μnI
(49)
kzZ-imbmw {XntIm-tWtim `p‡u tI{μ-]tXx ip`w
Znti-Xv tkm]n XYmt\m tNXv A-kw_-t‘\ ]m]-Ir-Xv.
kzZ-imbmw tI{μ-]tXx ˛ tI{μm[n]¿ kzZiIfn¬
{XntIm-tWtim `p‡u ˛ {XntIm-Wm-[n-]-cpsS A]lmcßfn¬
ip`w ZntiXv ˛ ip`w sNøpw.
k A]n XYm ˛ (AXpt]mseØs∂) {XntIm-Wm-[n-]-cpsS
Zi-I-fn¬ tI{μm[n]cpsS A]-lm-c-ßfnepw
t\m tNXv A-kw_-t‘\ ]m]-Ir-Xv. ˛ kw_‘wsIm- p ]m]cmIp∂ns√¶n¬
KpWw sNøpw
{XntImWm[n]XnbpsS almZi \S°ptºmƒ ]m]_‘an√mØ tI{μm [n]Xn
bpsS A]lmcw ip`ambncn°pw....AXpt]mse tI{μm[n]cmb ]m]∑mcpsS Zi
\S°ptºmƒ (ip`∑m¿°nXv _m[Ia√) ]m]_‘an√mØ {XntImWm[n]XnbpsS
A]lmchpw ip`ambncn°pw. ˛˛apØpkzman
(50)
tI{μm-[n-]-Xy-tZm-jkvXp _e-hm≥ Kpcp-ip-{Itbmx
amc-I-tXz f ]n N Xtbm¿am-c-I-ÿm-\-kw-ÿn-Xnx.
(51)
_p[-kvX-Z\p Nt{μm f ]n `th-Ø-Z\p XZzn[x
]m]m-t›Xv tI{μ-]-Xbx ip`-Zm-t›m-Ø-tcm-Ø-cw.
328
tI{μm-[n-]-Xy-tZm-jkvXp ˛ tI{μm-[n-]-Xyw-aqew ip`-∑m¿°p hcp∂
tI{μm[n]Xy-tZmjw
_e-hm≥ Kpcp-ip-{Itbmx ˛ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ hymg-Øn-\pw ]ns∂
ip{I-\pamWv.
Xtbm¿am-c-I-ÿm-\-kw-ÿn-Xnx. ˛ amc-I-ÿm-\-ÿnXnbn¬ (2,7)
amc-I-tXz f ]n N Ch¿ i‡-cmb amc-I-cp-am-Ipw.
_p[-kvX-Z\p Nt{μm f ]n `th-Ø-Z\p XZzn[x˛ (tI{μm-[n-]-Xy-tZmjw ip{I-t\-°ƒ)
_p[\pw _p[-t\-°mƒ N{μ\pw
Ipd-hm-Ip-∂p.
]m]m-t›Xv tI{μ-]-Xbx ˛ ]m]-∑m¿°v tI{μm-[n-]Xyw h∂m¬ Ah
t›m-Ø-tcm-Ø-cw. ˛ ]m]Xz{Iaw A\p-k-cn®v H∂v a‰-Xn-t\-°mƒ
ip`-^ew sNøpw.
kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n F∂o ]m]∑m¿°p tI{μm[n]Xyw h∂m¬ G‰hpw IqSp
X¬ ]m]i‡nbp≈ i\nbmWv G‰hpw ip`w sNøpI. i\ntb°mƒ Ipdhv IpP\pw
IpPt\°mƒ Ipdhv kqcy\pw KpWw sNøpw.
(52)
bZn- tI-t{μ -{Xn-tImtW hm \nh-tkXmw Xtam-{Klu
\mtY-\m-\y-X-c-sskyh kw_‘mtZymK-Im-c-Iu.
Xtam-{Klu ˛ cm-lp-tI-Xp-°ƒ
bZn- tI-t{μ -{Xn-tImtW hm \nh-tkXmw ˛ tI{μ-Øntem {XntIm-WØntem \n¬°pIbpw
\mtY-\m-\y-X-c-sskyh kw_‘mXv ˛ Ahbn¬ H∂ns‚ (tI{μw / {XntImWw)
\mY\pambn _‘w hcpIbpw sNbvXm¬
tbmK-Im-c-Iu. ˛ tbmKImcIcmIpw.
(53)
Xtam-{Klu ip`m-cqVu Akw_‘u N tI\NnXv
A¥¿≤im\p-cq-t]W `thXmwtbmK-Im-c-Iu.
Xtam-{Klu ip`m-cqVu -˛ cmlp-tI-Xp-°ƒip`{KlßfpsS cminIfn¬
\n¬°p-Ibpw
kw_‘u tb\ tI\NnXv ˛ Bcpambn_‘-an√mXncn°pIbpw
sNbvXm¬
A¥¿≤im\p-cq-t]W ˛ Ah-cpsS A]-lm-c-ImeØp tbmK-Im-c-I-
^ew \¬Ipw
DZmlcWambn _p[ip{I∑m¿ tbmKImcIcmbn´p≈ Hcp PmXIØn¬ cmlp
anYp\ Øn¬ A\y{Klßfpambn tbmKtam ZrjvSntbm C√msX ÿnXnsNbvXm¬
cmlp Zibn¬ hcp∂ _p[m]lmcØnepw ip{Im]lmcØnepw tbmK^ew A\p`
hn°pw.. ˛˛apØpkzman
329
]mTt`Zw
Xtam-{Klu ip`m-cqVu kw_‘u tb\tI\NnXv
A¥¿±im\p-cq-t]W `thXmw tbmK-Im-c-Iu.
1. BtcmsS¶nepw kw_‘s∏SpIbpw sNbvXm¬ ˛ aebmfw hymJym\߃
2. BtcmSpw _‘s∏Sp∂ns√¶n¬ ˛ Cw•ojv hymJym\߃
(54)
Bcwt`m cmP-tbm-Kky `th∑mc-I-`p-‡njp (1)
{]Y-b¥n Xam-c_v[w {Iaix ]m]-`p-‡-bx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: `thXvImc-I-`p-‡njp
tbmKImcI{KlßfpsS Zibn¬
amc-I-`p-‡njp ˛ amc-I-{K-l-ß-fpsS (2,7) A]-lm-c-ßfnemWv
cmP-tbm-Kky Bcwt`m `thXv ˛ cmP-tbm-K-Øns‚ Bcw`w F¶n¬
Xam-c_v[w ˛ Aßns\ Bcw`n°s∏´ cmPtbmKw
{]Y-b¥n {Iaix ]m]-`p-‡-bx. ˛ ]m]cpsS A]lmcImeØpw tZmjsØ
]n¥≈n tbmK^ew {IaØn¬
A\p`hØn¬ hcpw..
cmPtbmKImcIZiIfn¬ `p‡n\mY∑mcpsS ]m]Xzw \nanØap≈ tZmjØn\p
{]k‡nbns√∂p Npcp°w. ˛˛IrjvW\mim≥
hymJym\t`Zw
1. Bcw`w {ItaW ]m]n-I-fpsS `p‡nbn¬ am{Xta ^en-°p-I-bp-≈p
2. I]q¿ amc-I-\p-]-Icw Imc-I≥ F∂mWp sImSpØn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
3. amcIm[n]Xyap≈ {Kl߃ cmPtbmKØn\p `wKw sNøpIbn√
F∂pam{Xa√, Ah¿ tbmK{]Z∑#mcmbn h¿Øn°psa∂p kmcw
(55)
c{‘ÿ ct{‘-£I c{‘-\mY
c{‘-{Xn`mKm-[n-]-am-μn-t`imx (1)
ZpJ-{]-Zm-kvtX-jz]n Zp¿_-tem -bx
k \mi-Imco kzZ-im-]-lm-tc.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: ZrKmWm[n]am-μn-t`imx
1. c{‘ÿ ˛ F´mw `mh-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klw,
2. ct{‘-£I ˛ F´mw `mh-Øn¬ t\m°p∂ {Klw,
3. c{‘-\mY ˛ F´mw `mhm[n-]Xn,
4. c{‘-{Xn`mKm-[n-] ˛ 22˛mw t{Z°mWm[n]≥
5. am-μn-t`imx ˛ Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS A[n-]≥
ZpJ-{]-Zm-x ˛ Ch¿ ZpxJ-{]-Z-cm-Ip-∂p.
tX-jp A]n Zp¿_-tem -bx ˛ Ch-cn¬ GsXmcp {Klw Zp¿∫-e-\m-bn-cn-
°p∂pthm
k ˛ B {Kl-w
330
\mi-Imco kzZ-im-]-lm-tc. ˛ Xs‚ Zi-bntem A]-lm-c-Øntem
\miImcnbmIpw. (amcI\mIpw.)
(56)
{`jvSky XpwKm-Z-h-tcm-ln-kw⁄m
a≤ym `th’m kplr-Zp-®-`mwti
Btcm-lnWo \nav\-]-cn-Nyp-Xky
\oNm-cn-`mw-ti-jz-[-am -`-th-’m.
{`jvSky XpwKm-Xv A-h-tcm-ln-kw⁄m ˛ D®-Øn¬\n∂pw \oN-Øn-te-bv°n-d-ßp∂
{Kl- Øns‚ Zi Ah-tcm-lWn-Z-i.
a≤ym `th’m kplr-Zp-®-`mwti ˛ Aßs\ \oNØntebv°p t]mIp∂ {Klw
an{X-\-hmw-i-Øntem D®-\-hmwi-Øntem
\n∂m¬ D- m-Ip∂ Zi a≤y-Z-i-
Btcm-lnWo \nav\-]-cn-Nyp-Xky ˛ \oNw hn´v D®-Øn-tebv°p t]mIp∂ {Kl
- Øns‚ Zi Btcm-l-Wn-Z-i-
\oNm-cn-`mw-ti-jz-[-am -`-th-’m. ˛ Aßns\ t]mIp-tºmƒ i{Xp-\-hmw-i-Øn
- tem \oNmw-i-Øntem \n∂m¬ B
- {KlØns‚ Zi A[-a-Z-i.-
(57)
ikvXKrtl -f ikvXmwti
\otN cn]p-t` f -kvX-kw-ÿntX hm f ]n
Xky Zim an{i-^-em
(Zim)]cm¿t∞ ^e-{]Zm t⁄bm.
ikvXKrtl -AikvXmwti ˛ ip`-{K-l-߃ Aip-`mw-i-Ønepw
\otN cn]p-t` AkvX-kw-ÿntX hm A]n \oNw˛ \oNw, i{Xp-t£{Xw Ch-bnepw \n¬°p-
Itbm auVyw {]m]n-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬
Xky Zim an{i-^-em ˛ B {KlØns‚ Zi an{i-^-e-Øm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b
- Xm- bn-cn-°pw.
(Zim)]cm¿t∞ ^e-{]Zm t⁄bm. ˛ Zi-bpsS c- mw ]IpXn ip`^e-{]-Z-amIpw..
(58)
XØ-Zv`m-hm-Zvhy-bÿky XØ-Zv`m-h-hy-b-]ky N
hocy-lo-\ky tJSky ]mtI arXyp-a-hm-]v\p-bm-Xv.
XØ-Zv`m-hm-Zvhy-bÿky ˛ AXmXp `mh-ß-fpsS ]{¥- mw `mh-Øn¬
\n¬°p∂ {Kl-Ønepw
XØ-Zv`m-h-hy-b-]ky N ˛ ]{¥- mw `mhm-[n-]-Xn-bnepw
hocy-lo-\ky tJSky ˛ _ew Ipd™ {Klw GtXm AXns‚
]mtI ˛ Zibn¬
arXyp-a-hm-]v\p-bm-Xv. ˛ acWw kw`-hn-°pw.
331
4. Zim]lmc^eßfn¬ Nmc-KXnbpsS kzm[o\w
(59)
Zim-]-Xn¿√-·-KtXm bZn kym˛
{Ønj-UvZ-ssi-Im-Z-i-K› e·mXv (1)
X’-]vX-h¿tK- f ]yY X’p-lrZzm
et· ipt`m hm ip`Zm Zim- kym-Xv.
]mTt`Zw: (1) NmcmXv ˛ 4
Zim-]-Xn e·-KtXm bZn kymXv ˛ Zim[n]≥ (Nmchim¬) e·Øntem
{Xn j-Uv Z-i- GIm-Z-i-K› ˛ e·Øns‚ 3, 6, 10, 11 `mh-ß-fntem
X’-]vX-h¿tK- f ]yY ˛ AXn‚ k]vXh¿§ßfntem hcpItbm
X’p-lrZzm et· ipt`m hm ˛ Zim\mYs‚ kplrtØm ip`t\m
e·Øn¬ hcpItbm sNbvXm¬
ip`Zm Zim- kym-Xv. ˛ B Zi -ip`-^-esØ sNøp-w.
(60)
bmh¥n h¿jmWn Zim N km kym˛
Ømh¥n h¿jmWn Zim-]-Xnx kx
b{X ÿnX-kvX-¤-h-\m-±z-tbm-kvXp
ÿnssXx {]I¬]yw kZ-kXv^ew ln.
t«mIw hy‡amImØXn\m¬ a‰p hymJym\ßsf B{ibn°p∂p.
1 F{X h¿j--ImetØbv°p Zi \n¬°p-∂pthm A{Xbpw h¿j-߃°p Zim-]Xn
N{μmepw e·mepw bmsXm-cn-S-Øn-cn-°p-∂pthm B cmin apX¬°p≈ ZzmZ-i-`m-h-ßsf-
s°m- p ip`m-ip-`-^eßsf ]d-b-Ww 2 Zim-]-lm-c-\m-Y-∑m¿ Nmc-h-im¬ ip`ÿm\-ßfn¬ hcp-tºmƒ ip`^ehpw
Aip`ÿm\ßfn¬ hcptºmƒ Aip`^ehpw Xcp-w 2
3 ZimImeØp Zim\mY≥ N{μ\n¬ \n∂p Nmchim¬ GtXXp `mhßfn¬
k©cn°p∂pthm B `h\Ønt‚bpw `mhØnt‚bpw ip`mip`Xza\pkcn®p≈
^esØ {]Zm\w sNøpw. 4
(61)
Zim-[n-\m-Yky kplr-Zv{K-l-ÿ˛
kvXZp-®tKm hm f Y Zim-[n-\m-YmXv
kvac-{Xn-tIm-tWm]Ntbm-]-K›
ZZmXn N{μx Jep kZv^-em-\n.
N{μx Zim-[n-\m-Yky -˛ N{μ≥ (Nmc-h-im¬) Zim-\m-Ys‚
kplr-Zv{K-l-ÿ ˛ an{X-t£{Xw,
kvXZp-®tKm D®w Ch-bn¬ hcp-tºmgpw
332
Zim-[n-\m-YmXv ˛ Zim-\m-Y\n¬\n∂pw
kvac-{Xn-tIm-tWm]Ntbm-]-K› ˛ kvacw (7) {XntImWw (5, 9), D]Nbw
(3, 6, 10, 11) Cu `mh-ß-fn¬ hcp-tºmgpw
ZZmXn N{μx Jep kZv^-em-\n. ˛ \√ ^e-ßsf sImSp°pw.
(^ew ]dbptºmƒ N{μ≥ Hcp cmin-bn¬ F{X Znhkw ImWpw F∂Xpw Hm¿Ω
thWw.)
(62)
Dt‡jp cminjp KXky hnt[mx k cminx (1)
kym÷-∑-Im-e-`-h-aq¿Øn-[-\mZn `mhx
XØ-Zz-hr-≤n-Ir-Zku IYntXm \cmWmw
X¤m-h-lm\n IrZ-tY-X-c-cm-in-kw-ÿx. (1) ]mTt`Zw: P∑ - ˛
Dt‡jp cminjp KXky hnt[mx ˛ N{μ≥ ta¬]-d™ ÿm\-ß-fn¬
Nm-c-h-im¬ hcp-tºmƒ
k cminx kymXv P∑-Im-e-`-h- aq¿Øn -[-\mZn `mhx
˛ AXp e·w, [\w XpSßn GXp `mhamtWm-
XØ-Zz-hr-≤n-Ir-Zku IYntXm \cmWmw˛ B `mhØn\p hr≤nbpw
X¤m-h-lm\n IrZ-tY-X-c-cm-in-kw-ÿx. ˛ a‰p cminIfn¬ hcp-tºmƒ
AXn\p lm\ntbbpw sNøpw.
(63)
kmcm-h-eow DUp-Zimw N hcm-l-tlm-cmw
BtemIy PmX-I-^ew {]h-tZ-Xv\cmWmw
{]ivt\m-Z-b-{K-l-h-im-Z-Yhm kzP∑˛
cmiym-Zn\m hZXp \mkvXy-\-tbm¿hn-ti-jx.
kmcm-h-eow DUp-Zimw N hcm-l-tlm-cmw ˛ kmcm-h-en, \£-{X-Z-i, hcm-l-tlmc
BtemIy PmX-I-^ew {]h-tZ-Xv \cmWmw˛ Cht\m°n -thWw PmX-I-^ew ]d-bm≥.
{]ivt\m-Z-b-{K-l-h-im-ZYhm ˛ {]ivt\m-Z-b-{K-lw-sImt- m
kzP∑cmiym-Zn\m ˛ P∑cmin XpSßnbhsIm- m
hZXp ˛ ew ]d-bmw.
\mkvXy-\-tbm¿hn-ti-jx. ˛ AXv GXm-bmepw ^e-w Hcp-t]m-en-cn-°pw.
333
A≤ymbw 21
A-]-lm-c- -ew
hnwtim-ØcnZim-k-{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ Hmtcm {Kl-Øns‚bpw `c-W-Im-esØ Zi
(h¿jw), A]-lm-cw (am-kw), On{Zw (Zn-h-kw), kq£vaw (aWn-°q¿), {]mW≥ (an\n‰v)
F∂n-ßs\ kq£va-am-°n-bn-´p-- v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v kqcy-Z-i 6 h¿jw FSp°mw. kqcy-
Zibnse kqcym-]-lm-c-Ønse kqcyOn{Z-Ønse kqcykq£vaØnse kqcy{]mW-߃
CXp-t]mse Xs∂ IW-°m-°-mw.. At∏mƒ Hcp kw`hw C∂ h¿jw, C∂ amkw, C∂
Znh-kw, C{X aWn°mWv kw`-hn-°pI F∂p IrXy-ambn ]d-bm\pw Ign-bpw.
(1)
]mtIim_vZ-ltX Zti-iz-c-kam t\{Xm-¥-`-‡m-x k-am˛
»njvSm cq]-lXm \cm-¶-hn-lrXm amkm (kam) \ssK¿hm-kcmx
On{Zm-Zn-jz]n ssNh-tah Ietb ]mI-{I-am-t®-±-im˛
\mYmZymx ]p\-c-¥-cm-¥-cm-Z-im-kvXXv ]mI-\m-Y-{I-amx.
1. A]lmcImew ImWp∂ coXn Zim-\m-Ys‚ h¿jsØ A]-lm-c-\m-Ys‚ h¿jw -sIm- p s]cp°nbm¬ In´p∂
Xns\ 120˛sIm- p lcn-®m¬ hcp∂ ^ew h¿jw. _m°nsb 12, 30, 60 Ch-sIm- p
s]cp°nbm¬ hcp∂ ^ew {Ia-Øn¬ amkw, Znh-kw,- \m-gnI Ch-bm-Ip-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-
Øn\v kqcy-Z-i-bn¬ kqcym-]-lm-cw.
BsI Zi 120 h¿jw.. kqcyZi 6 h¿jw, A]lmc\mYs‚ ]¶pw 6 h¿jwXs∂
(1) (2) (3)
6 $ 6 = 36 36 $ 12 = 3.6 amkw
120 120 120
.6-˛s\ Znhkam°Ww. 6 $ 30 = 180 = 18 Znhkw
10 10
AXpsIm- v kqcy-Z-i-bn¬ kqcym-]-lmcw = 0 h¿jw 3 amkw 18 Znh-kw.
Cuhn-[-Øn¬ F√m {Kl-ßfpsSbpw Zi-Iƒ, A]-lm-c-߃-, On{Z߃ XpS-ßn-
bh IW-°m-°n-sb-Sp-°mw. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ AXn-s‚-sbm∂pw Bhiyan-√. an°hmdpw
F√m ]©mw-K-ß-fnepw Ah- sImSpØncn°pw.
334
1. kqcy-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃
(2)
alo-iz-cm-Zp-]-e-`-ttXm -f [nIw btim
h\m-N-e-ÿ-e-h-kXnw [\m-Kaw
Pztcm-jvW-cp-KvP-\-I-hn-tbm-KPw `bw
\nPmw Zimw {]hn-iXn XojvW-Zo-[n-Xu.
1. kqcy-Z-i-bnse kzm]-lmcw \nPmw Zimw {]hn-iXn XojvW-Zo-[n-Xu ˛ kqcy-Z-i-bnse kzm]-lmcØn¬,
alo-iz-cm-Xv D]-e-`-tbXv A[nIw btim ˛ cmPIr]-bm¬ A[nIw bi ,v
h\ AN-e -ÿ-e- h-kXnw ˛ ImSv, ae Ch-I-fn¬ hmkw,
[\mKaw,
Pztcm ˛ ]\n,
D-jvW-cp-Iv ˛ DjvW-tcm-K-߃
P-\-I-hn-tbm-KPw ˛ ]nXmhn¬\n∂pw th¿]mSv,
`bw.
(3)
cn]p-£tbm hyk-\-itam [\m-Kax
Irjn-{Inbm Krl-I-cWw kplr-ZypXn
£bm-\n-e-{]-Xn-l-Xn-c¿°-Zm-bIw
iio bZm lcXn Ptem-¤hm cpPx.
2. kqcy-Z-i-bnse N{μm-]-lmcw cn]p-£tbm ˛ i{Xp-\miw,
hyk-\-itam ˛ ZpJ-\miw,
[\m-Ka ˛ [\m-Kaw,
Irjn-{Inb ˛ Im¿jn-I-{]-h¿Øn-Iƒ,
Krl-I-cWw ˛ Krl-\n¿ΩmWw,
kplr-ZypXn ˛ an{X-em`w
£b A-\n-e -{]-Xn-l-Xn ˛ £bw, hmXw XpSßnb tcmKßfpw
Ptem-¤hm cpP ˛ Pe-kw-_-‘-amb tcmK-ßfpw D- mIpw.
(4)
cpPm-Kax ]Z-hn-c-tlm f cn--]o-U\w (1)
{htWm-¤hx kzIp-e-P-ss\¿hn-tcm-[nXm
alo`rtXm `hXn `bw [\-NypXn¿˛
bZm IptPm lcXn XZm¿°-h-’-cw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : Ducp ]oU\w 4
3. kqcy-Z-i-bnse IpPm-]-lmcw bZm IptPm lcXn A¿°-h-’cw ˛ kqcy-Z-i-bn¬ IpPm-]lmcØn¬,
335
cpPm-Kax ˛ tcmKw hcpI,
]Z-hn-c-lntXm ˛ ÿm\-{`wiw,
Acn-]o-U\w ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,
{htWm-¤hx ˛ {hW-߃ D- m-hpI,
kzIp-e-P-ss\x hn-tcm-[nXm ˛ kzP\hntcm[w
alo`rtXm `bw ˛ cmP-`bw,
[\-NypXnx ˛ [\-\jvSw
(5)
cn]q-Ztbm [\-lr-Xn-cm-]-Zp-ZvKtam
hnjm-Zv`bw hnj-P-hn-aq-VXm ]p\x
intcm-Zr-tim-c-[n-I-cp-t-Kh tZln-\m˛
alu `th-Z-ln-a-I-cm-bp-c-¥-tc.
4. kqcy-Z-i-bnse cmlpA-]lmcw cn]q-Ztbm ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,
[\-lr-Xn ˛ [\-\jvSw,
B-]-Zp-ZvKtam ˛ B]-Øp-Iƒ,
hnjm-Xv `bw ˛ hnj-`bw,
hnj-P-hn-aq-VXm ˛ hn-j-_m[sIm- p≈ hnaqVX, ]I∏v
intcm- Zr-tim -A[n-I-cpIv ˛ intcm-tcm-Kßfpw t\{X-tcmK-ßfpw.
(6)
cn]p-£tbm hnhn-[-[-\m-]vXn-c-\zlw
kpcm¿®\w ZznP-Kp-cp-_-‘p-]q-P\w
{ih-{itam `hXn N b£va-tcm-KXm
Kncmw-]Xu {]hn-iXn tKm]tX¿±imw.
5. kqcy-Z-i-bnse KpcppA-]lmcw cn]p-£tbm ˛ i{Xp-\miw,
hnhn-[ -[-\ B-]vXn- A-\zlw ˛ ]e-hn-[-Øn-¬, apS-ßm-sX, [\w-h-ch,v
kpcm¿®\w ˛ tZh]qP
ZznP- Kp-cp- _-‘p ]q-P\w ˛ {_m“W≥, Kpcp,_‘p Chsc BZ-cn-°¬,
{ih-{itam ˛ sNhn-tcmKw
b£va-tcm-KXm ˛ £b-tcmKw
(7)
[\m-lXnx kpX-hn-clx kv{Xntbm cptPm
Kpcqhybx k]Zn ]cn-—-Z-NypXnx
aem-‡Xm(1) `hXn I^-{]-]o-U\w
iss\-›-tc -k-hn-Xr-Z-im-¥cw KtX.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ aen-jvTXm.
6. kqcy-Z-i-bnse i\nA-]lmcw iss\-›-tc -k-hn-Xr-Z-im-¥cw KtX ˛ kqcy-Z-i-bn¬ i\n A]-lm-c-Øn¬,
336
[\m-lXnx ˛ [\-\miw,
kpX-hn-clx ˛ ]p{X-hn-clw,
kv{Xntbm cptPm ˛ `mcy°p tcmKw,
Kpcp-hybw ˛ henb Nn-e-hp-Iƒ (Death of an elderly person, preceptor etc. -- 2) ]cn-—-Z-NypXn ˛ _‘p-°-fp-ambn th¿]mSv
aem-‡Xm ˛ aen-\X,
I^ -{]-]o-U\w ˛ I^-ieyw
(8)
hnN¿®n--Im-]n-S-I-k-Ip-jvT-Imanem
hnI-∞\w(1) PT-c-I-Sn-{]-]o-U\w
alo-£-bx- kv{Xo-K-Z-`tbm `th-ØZm
hnt[m-x kptX NcXn cth-c-Ym-_vZIw
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ hni¿[\w
7. kqcy-Z-i-bnse _p[A-]lmcw hnN¿®n--Im - ˛ sNmdn, Nncßv,
]n-S-I - ˛ Ipcp, ]cp,
k-Ip-jvT- ˛ IpjvTw,
Imanem ˛ a™-∏nØw,
hnI-∞\w ˛ \nμm-kvXpXn,
PT-c- I-Sn -{]-]o-U\w ˛ DZ-c-thZ\, Ac-s°-´p-th-Z\,
alo-£-b ˛ `qan-\miw,
{Xn-K-Z ˛ hmX-]n-Ø-I- -tZm-j-߃,
`tbm ˛ `bw.
(9)
kplr-Zvhybx kzP-\-Ip-Spw-_-hn-{Ktlm
cnt]m¿`bw [\-l-cWw ]Z-NypXnw
Kptcm¿K-Z-›-c-W-in-tcm-cp-Kp-®-ssI˛
»nJn bZm hniXn Zimw hnh-kz-Xx.
8. kqcy-Z-i-bnse tIXpA-]lmcw kplr-Zvhybx ˛ kulm¿±-\miw (_‘p-\m-iw),
kzP-\ -Ip-Spw-_ -hn-{Ktlm -˛kzP\ßfpwIp-Spw_mwK-ß-fp-ambn hntcm[w,
cn]p`bw ˛ i{Xp-`bw,
[\-l-cWw ˛ [\-tam-jWw,
]Z-NypXnw ˛ ÿm\-\jvSw,
Kptcmx K-Z ˛ Kpcp-hn\p tcmKw,
N-c-W- in-c -cp-Iv ˛ (X\n°p) Imen\pw inc- n\pw tcmKw.
337
(10)
intcm-cpPm -PTcKp-Zm¿Øn-]o-U\w (1)
Irjn-{In-bm-Kr-l-[-\-[m-\y-hn-NypXnw
kpX-kv{Xn-tbm-c-kp-J-a-Xoh tZln\mw
`rtKmx kptX NcXn cth-c-Ym-_vZ-Iw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : PTcK-Zm¿Øn-]o-U\w 4
9. kqcy-Z-i-bnse ip{Im]lmcw `rtKmx kptX NcXn cth-c-Ym-_vZ-Iw. ˛ kqcyZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬
intcm-cp-Pm ˛ intcm-tcmKw,
P-Tc-Kp-Zm¿Øn-]o-U\w ˛ hb-dp-th-Z\, KpZ-tcm-Kw. (KpZw ˛ ae-Zzm-cw.)
Irjn-{In-bm- Kr-l- [-\ -[m-\y hn-NypXnw ˛ Irjn, hoSv, [\w, [m\yw Chbv°p \miw,
kpX- kv{Xn-tbm- A-kp-J-a-Xoh ˛ ]p{X\pw `mcybv°pw Akp-Jw.
2. N{μZ-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃
(11)
kv{Xo{]-Pm-]vXn-c-a-emw-ip-Im-Ktam
`qkp-tcm-Ø-a-k-am-Ktam `thXv
amXp-cn-jvS-^-e-aw-K-\m-kpJw
kzmw Zimw hniXn ioX-Zo-[n-Xu.
1. N{μZ-i-bnse kzm]-lm-cw kzmw Zimw hniXn ioX-Zo-[n-Xu. ˛ N{μZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬
kv{Xo{]-Pm]vXn ˛ ]p{Xo-P-\\w (`mcybpw ]p{X∑mcpw 4)
A-a-emw-ip-Im-Ktam ˛ \√ hkv{X-w e`n°pw, .
`qkp-tcm-Ø-a-k-am-Ktam ˛ {_“-⁄m-\nIfpambn- kam-Kaw
amXp-cn-jvS-^-ew ˛ amXmhn¬\n∂p-w CjvS^ew
Aw-K-\m-kpJw -˛ kv{Xokp-Jw.
(12)
]nØ-h-”n-cp-[n-tcm-¤hm cpPx
t¢i-Zp-J-cn-]p-tNm-c-]o-U\w
hnØ-am-\-hn-l-Xn¿`-thXv IptP
ioX-Zo-[n-Xn-Z-im-¥cw KtX.
2. N{μZ-i-bnse IpPm]-lm-cw IptPioX-Zo-[n-Xn-Z-im-¥cw KtX. ˛ N{μZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬
]nØ- h-”n -cp-[n-tcm-¤hm cpPx ˛ ]nØw, A·n, c‡w Ch- kw_-‘-amb
tcmK-߃,
t¢i- Zpx-J ˛ t¢iw, ZpJw
-cn-]p tNmc -]o-U\w , ˛ i{Xp, I≈≥ Ch-cpsS D]-{Z-hw,
hnØ -am-\- hn-l-Xn ˛ [\-\-jvSw, am\-lm-\n.
338
(13)
Xo{h-tZm-j-cn-]p-hr-≤n-_-‘p-cp-Mv˛
amcp-Xm-l-Xn-`-bm¿Øn-cp-Kv`-thXv(1)
A∂-]m-\-P-\n-X-Pz-cm-Z-bm˛
›{μ-hXvkc-hn-lm-c-tI- f ]y-lu.
(1) ]mT-t`-Zw˛ amcp-Xm-i\n `bm¿Øn-cp-Zv`-thXv ˛ Cw•ojv hymJym\߃8 *
3. N{μZ-i-bnse cmlpA]-lm-cw N{μ-hXvkc-hn-lm-c-tI- A]n A-lu. ˛ N{μZibnse cmlpA]lmcØn¬
Xo{h-tZm-j ˛ ITn-\-amb tZmj-߃,
cn-]p- hr-≤n ˛ i{Xp-h¿≤\,
_-‘-pcp-Iv ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°v tcmKw,
amcp-Xm-l-Xn- `-bm¿Øn- cp-Kv ˛ hmX-tcmKw,
A∂- ]m-\ -P-\n-X -Pz-cm-Z-bm ˛ `£-WtZmj-kw-_-‘-am-bp-- m-Ip∂
]\n XpS-ßn-bh
* amcp-X A-i\n`b B¿Ønx- DZv`-thXv ˛ sImSp-¶m-‰v, CSn-an-∂¬ Chaqe-ap≈ `bw,
.
(14)
Zm\-[¿Ω-\n-c-X- p-tJm-Ztbm
hkv{X-`q-j-W-kp-lr-÷-\m-Kax
cmP-k-XvIr-Xn-c-Xoh PmbtX
ssIc-h-{]n-b-h-tbm-ltc Kpcu.
4. N{μZ-i-bnse hyg A]-lm-cw ssIc-h-{]n-b-h-tbm-ltc (KtX) Kpcu. ˛ N{μZibnse Kpcp A]lmcØn¬
Zm\- [¿Ω -\n-c-Xx ˛ Zm\-[¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \nc-X≥, apgp-In-b-h≥,
kp-tJm-Ztbm ˛ kpJm\p-`hw,
hkv{X- `q-j-W- kp-lr-÷-\m-Ka ˛ hkv{Xw, B`-c-Ww, kplr-Øp-°ƒ,
ChbpsS- e_v[n,
cmP- k-XvIr-Xn-x A-Xoh ˛ hf-sc- cmPIob _lp-a-Xn-Iƒ.
(15)
ss\I-tcm-KI-Z\w(1) kplr-Xv kp-X˛
kv{Xocp-Pm -hy-k-\-kw-`thm alm≥
{]mW-lm-\n-cYhm `th-—\u
amc-_-‘p -h-b-tkm- f ¥-cw- KtX.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ ss\I-tcm-K-hn-lXn
5. N{μZ-i-bnse i\n A]-lm-cw
i\u amc-_-‘p -h-b-tkm- f ¥-cw- KtX. ˛ N{μZibnse i\nA]lmcØn¬
ss\I-tcm-K˛\ GI-tcmK˛IZ\w ˛ ]e-hn[ tcmK-߃aqew ZpJw. -
kplr-Xv kp-X kv{Xo cp-Pm ˛ _‘p-°ƒ, a°ƒ, `mcy Ch¿°v tcmKw,
--h,y-k-\-kw-`thm alm≥ ˛ henb ZpJ-kw -h-߃,
{]mW-lm-\n- ˛ ac-Ww.
339
.
(16)
k¿hZm [\-K-Pm-iz-tKm-Ip-e˛
{]m]vXn-cm-`-c-W-ku-Jy-kw-]Zx
NnØ-t_m[ CXn PmbtX hnt[m˛
cmbpjn {]hn-itX bZm _p[x.
6. N{μZ-i-bnse _p[m]-lm-cw hnt[mcmbpjn {]hn-itX bZm _p[x. ˛ N{μZ-i-bnse _p[m]-lm-cØn¬
k¿hZm [\ -K-P A-iz- tKm-Ip-e {]m]vXn-x˛ Ft∏mgpw [\w, B\, IpXn-c, ]ip-°ƒ Ch-
bpsS e_v[n,
B-`-c-W ˛ B`-cWw,
ku-Jy - ˛ kpJw,
kw-]Zx ˛ kºØ v,
NnØ-t_m[ ˛ _p≤n {]Im-in-°pI
(17)
NnØ-N-©-e-\-a¿∞-hn-Nyp-Xn¿(1)˛
_‘p-lm\nc]n tXmbPw `bw
Zm\-`r-Xy-l-Xn-ckvXn tZln\mw
tIXptI lcXn Nm{μ-a-_vZIw
]mT-t`Zw ˛NnØ-lm\n-c-]n- k-ºZNyp-Xn¿.
7. N{μZ-i-bnse tIXp A]-lm-cw tIXptI lcXn Nm{μ-a-_vZIw ˛ N{μZibnse tIXpA]lmcØn¬
NnØ-N-©-e-\-w ˛ a\-›m-©eyw, at\m-ZpJw,
A¿∞-hn-Nyp-Xn ˛ [\-\miw,
_‘p-lm\n ˛ _‘p-\jvSw,
XmbPw `bw ˛ Pew-Im-c-W-amb `bw,
Zm\ -`r-Xy -l-Xn- ˛ Zm\w, `rXy¿ Chbv°p lm\n.
(18)
tXmb-bm-\-h-kp-`q-j-Wmw-K-\m˛
hn{I-b-{I-b-Ir-jn-{In-bm-Zbx
]p{X-an-{X-]-ip-[m-\y-kw-bp-Xn˛
›{μ-Zm-b-l-c-tWm-∑ptJ `rKu.
8. N{μZ-i-bnse ip{Im]-lm-cw N{μ-Zm-b-l-c-tWm-∑ptJ `rKu ˛ N{μZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬
tXmb-bm-\ ˛ Pe-hm-l-\-߃, *
h-kp ˛ kºØv,
`q-j ˛ B`-c-W-߃,
Aw-K-\m ˛ kv{XoIƒ (`m-cy),
hn{I-b-{I-b- ˛ I®-hSw,
Ir-jn-{In-b ˛ Irjn,
340
]p{X- an-{X -]-ip -[m-\y -kw-bp-Xn ˛ ]p{X-∑m¿, an{X-߃, ]ip-°ƒ, [m-\yw
Ch-bpsS e_v[n.
* Pekw_‘ambp≈ [\w ˛˛ 4
(19)
cmP-am-\-\-a-Xoh iqcXm
tcmK-im-¥n-c-cn-]-£-hn-NypXnw
]nØ-hm-X-cp-Knt\ KXm XZm
kym—im¶-]-cn-h-’-cm-¥-cw.
9. N{μZ-i-bnse kqcym]-lm-cw kymXv iim¶-]-cn-h-’-cm-¥-cw. ˛ N{μZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬
cmP-am-\-\ ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w,
A-Xoh iqcXm ˛ hfsc iucyw,
tcmK-im-¥n ˛ tcmKia\w
Acn-]-£-hn-NypXnw ˛ i{Xp-]-£-Øn\p \miw,
]nØ- hm-X - ˛ ]nØ-hm-X-tcm-K-߃.
3. IpP-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃
(20)
]ntØm-jvW-cp-Kv{h-W-`bw kl-ssP¿hn-tbmKw
t£{X-{]-hm-Z-P-\n-Xm¿∞-hn-`qXnkn≤nx
⁄mXy-·n-i-{Xp-\r-]-tNm-c-P-ss\¿hn-tcmt[m(1)
- [m{Xo-kptXm lcXn tN—-cZw kzIo-bw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: hnjmtZm
1. IpPZibnse kzm]lmcw -[m{Xo-kptXm lcXn tN—-cZw kzIo-bw. ˛ IpPZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬
]ntØmjvW-cp-Iv ˛ ]nØ DjvW tcmK-߃, {hW-`bw,
kl-ssPx hn-tbmKw ˛ ktlm-Z-c∑mcpsS -th¿]mSv,
t£{X -{]-hm-Z -P-\n-X A¿∞- hn-`q-Xnkn≤n ˛ `qankw_Ÿamb X¿°w Pbn®p- mIp∂
kmºØnIt\´ßfpw sFizcyhpw
⁄mXn A·n -i-{Xp -\r-] -tNm-c-P-ss\- hn-tcmt[m
˛ _‘p-°ƒ, A·n, i{Xp, cmPm-hv, I≈- ∑m¿ Ch-cpsS hntcm[w
(21)
ikv{Xm-·n-tNm-c-cn-]p-`q-]-`bw hnjm¿Ønx
Ip£y-£n-io¿j-P-KtZm Kpcp-_-‘p-lm\nx
{]mWhy-tbmY bZn hm hn]p-em-]-tZm(1) hm
h{Im-bp-c-¥-c-KtX `pP-Km-[n-\m-tY.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ hn]p-em-]hmtZm
341
2 IpPZibnse cmlpA]lmcw h{Im-bp-c-¥-c-KtX `pP-Km-[n-\m-tY. ˛ IpPZibnse cmlpA]lmcØn¬
ikv{X A-·n -tNm-c -cn-]p -`q-]-`bw ˛ Bbp-[w, Xo, I≈≥, i{Xp, cmPmhv
Ch-cn¬\n∂p `bw,
hnjm¿Øn ˛ hnj-`bw,
Ip£n A£n -io¿j-P- KtZm ˛ hb¿, IÆv, inc v Ch-bv°-kpJw,
Kpcp- _-‘-plm\n ˛ Kpcp -_-‘p- ChcpsS \jvSw,
{]mW-hy-tbm ˛ {]mW-\jvSw
hn]p-em-]-tZm ˛ (As√¶n¬) henb B]ØpIƒ.
(22)
ZznP-Kp-cp-_p-[-]qPm(1) Xo¿∞-]p-Wym-\p-tkhm
kX-X-a-Xn-Yn-]qPm ]p{X-an-{Xm-`n-hr≤nx
{ihW-cp-K-Xn-am{Xw t«jva-tcm-tKmZv`thm hm
`hXn IpP-Z-im¥- w-KtX hmK-[o-ti.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ ZznP-hn-_p-[-k-a¿®m
3 IpPZibnse KpcpA]lmcw `hXn IpP-Z-im¥- w-KtX hmK-[o-ti. ˛ IpPZibnse KpcpA]lmcØn¬
ZznP- Kp-cp- _p-[ -]qPm ˛ {_“⁄m\n, Kpcp, hnZzm≥ Ch-cpsS ]qP,
Xo¿∞ -]p-Wym A\p-tkhm ˛ Xo¿∞-kv\m\w, A-Xn-Yn-]qP,
]p{X -an-{X A-`n-hr≤n ˛ ]p{X-∑m¿°pw an{X߃°pw A`n-hr≤n,
{ih-Wcp-K-Xn-am{Xw ˛ I¿Æ-tcmKw,
t«jva-tcm-K ˛ I^-tcmKw
(23)
D]-cn-]-cn-hn-\mix kzmfl-P-kv{Xo-Kp-cq-Wm˛
aK-Wn-X-hn-]-Z-¥w ZpxJ-a¿t∞m]lm\nx
hkp-l-c-W-a-cn-t`ym -`o-Xn-cp-jvWm-\n-em-·n¿˛
`hXn IpP-Z-im-bm-a¿°tP kw{]-bm-tX.
4 IpPZibnse i\n]lmcw `hXn IpP-Z-im-bm-a¿°tP kw{]-bm-tX. ˛ IpPZibnse i\nA]lmcØn¬
kzBfl-P- kv{Xo -Kp-cq-Wmw ˛ a°ƒ, `mcy, Kpcp Ch¿°,v
D]-cn-]-cn-hn-\mix ˛ hfsc tZmjßfpw
AK-Wn-X -hn-]-Z¥w ˛ ]ehn[ B]-Øp-Ifpw, ZpxJw-,
A¿t∞m]lm\nx ˛ [\-\jvSw,
hkp- l-c-Ww ˛ [\m-]-l-cWw,
A--cn-t`ym -`o-Xn- ˛ i{Xp-`bw,
DjvW A-\n-e A-·n `hXn ˛ DjvW, hmX kw_-‘-amb tcmK߃.
(24)
Acn-`-b-ap-cp-tNm-tcm-]-{Z-thm¿Ym¿Y-lm\nx
]ip-K-PXp-c-KmWmw hnπ-thm- f an-{X-tbmKx
342
\r]-Ir-X-]-cn-]oUm iq{Z-ssh-tcm-Zv`thm hm
ZniXn hniXn kutay(1) hniz-[m-{Xo-kp-Xm-bpx.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ hniXn iin-X-\qtP
5. IpPZibnse _p[m]lmcw
ZniXn hniXn kutay(1) hniz-[m-{Xo-kp-Xm-bpx.˛ IpPZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬
Acn-`-bw - ˛ i{Xp-`bw,
tNm-tcm-]-{Zh ˛ I≈-∑m-cpsS ieyw,
A¿∞-lm\n ˛ [\-\jvSw,
]ip- K-P -Xp-c-KmWmw hnπ-thm- ˛ ]ip, B\, IpXnc Chbv°p tZmjw,
Aan-{X-tbmKx ˛ i{Xp-_‘w,
\r]-Ir-X- ]-cn-]oUm ˛ cmP-tIm]w,
iq{Z-ssh-tcm-¤thm ˛ iq{Z-cpsS hntcm[w
(25)
Ai-\n-`-b-a-I-kvam-Z-·n-i-kv{X-]oUm
hnK-a-\-aY tZimZznØ-\m-tim f -Y-hm -kymXv
Ah-K-a-\-a-kpt`ym tbmjntXm hm hn\mix
{]hn-iXn bZn tIXu {Iqc-t\-{Xm-bp-c¥w.
6. IpPZibnse tIXp A]lmcw {]hn-iXn bZn tIXpx {Iqc-t\-{Xm-bp-c¥w˛IpPZibnse tIXp A]lmcØn¬
Ai-\n-`-b- ˛ CSn-an-∂¬ `bw,
A-I-kvam-Xv A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb
A-·n -i-kv{X- {]]oUm ˛ A·n aqehpw Bbp-[w aqehpw- `bw,
hnK-a-\-aY tZim¬ ˛ hntZ-i-K-a\w,
hnØ-\m-i ˛ [\-\miw,
Ah-K-a-\w- A-kpt`ym ˛ (X\n°p) {]mW\jvSw
tbmjntXm hm hn\mix ˛ As√¶n¬ `mcymacWw
(26)
bp[n P\n-X-hn-am\w hn{]-hmkx kztZ-imXv˛
hkp-lr-Xn-c]n tNmssc¿hm-a-t\-t{Xm-]-tcm[x
]cn-P-\-]-cnlm\n¿÷m-btX am\-hm-\m˛
a]-l-cXn bZm-bp¿`q-anPw `m¿§-th{μx.
7. IpPZibnse ip{Im]lmcw Bbp¿`q-anPw `m¿§-th{μx. ˛ IpPZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬
bp[n P\n-X- hn-am\w * ˛ bp≤w ImcWap- mIp∂ -am\t°Sv
hn{]- hmkx kztZ-imXv ˛ A\y-tZ-i-hmkw,
hkp-lr-Xn- A]n tNmsscx ˛ I≈-∑m¿ [\w -sIm-- p-t]mIpw,
hm-a-t\-{X D]-tcm[ ** ˛ CS-Xp-I-Æn\v AkpJw,
]cn-P-\ -]-cnlm\n ˛ `rXy-\miw
343
* bp≤Ønep≈ PbwsIm- p-- mIp∂ am\hpw F∂p aebmfw hymJym\߃.
Cw•ojvhymJym\ßfn¬ AXp bp≤Øn¬ tXm¬hnXs∂bmWv.
** kv{XoP\߃°p tcmKhpw F∂p 4
(27)
\r]-Ir-X-]-cn-]qPm bp≤-e_v[{]`mhx
]cn-P-\-[-\-[m-\y-{io-a-Z-¥x-]p-cw N
AXn-hn-e-kn-X-hrØnw kml-km-Zm-]vX-e-£vao˛
kvXnan-c-`nZn IpPm-bp¿±m-b-kw-lm-c-Wo-Xn.
8. IpPZibnse kqcym]lmcw \r]-Ir-X-]-cn-]qPm ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w,
bp≤-e_v[{]`mhx ˛ bp≤w -(bp-≤-P-bw) sIm-- p-- m-Ip∂
{]Xm]w,
]cn-P-\ -[-\ -[m-\y -{io-aXv A--¥x-]p-cw N ˛ `rXy¿, [\w, [m\yw, sFizcyw, A¥-]pcw
Ch-Ifpw,
AXn-hn-e-kn-X-hrØnw ˛ B\μ-{]-Z-amb {]h¿Øn-Ifpw,
kml-km-Xv B-]vX- e-£vao ˛ kml-kw-sIm- v e`n® kzØpw.
(28)
hnhn-[-[-\-kp-Xm-]vXn¿hn-{]-tbmtKmcn f h¿ss§¿˛
hk-\-i-b-\-`q-jm-c-Xv\-k-ºXv {]kqXnx
`hXn Kpcp-P-\m¿Øn¿Kp¬a-]n-Ø-{]-]o-Um
[c-Wn-X-\-b-h¿jw ioXKu kw{]-bm-tX.
9. IpPZibnse N{μm]lmcw [c-Wn-X-\-b-h¿jw ioXKu kw{]-bm-tX.˛ IpPZibnse N{μm]lmcØn¬
hnhn-[ -[-\- kp-Xm-]vXnx ˛ ]ehn[ [\em`w, ]p{Xem`w,
hn-{]-tbmtKm Acnh¿ss§x ˛ i{Xp°ƒ \ncp]{Zhw
(The enemies will not be able to cause sufferings or loss.)* hk-\- i-b-\ -`q-jm- c-Xv\ k-ºXv {]kqXnx ˛ hkv{Xw, InS-∏v, B`-c-W-߃, cXv\w,
kºØv Ch-bpsS e_v[n,
Kpcp-P-\m¿Øn ˛ Kpcp-P-\-߃°p ZpJw,
Kp¬a -]n-Ø -{]-]o-Um ˛ Kpeva]nØ-tcm-K-߃
* i{Xp]oUsIm- v A\ytZihmkw F∂p aebmfw hymJym\߃
4. cmlp-Zibnse A]-lm-c-߃
(29)
hnjmw-_p-cp-Kv Zp-jvS-`p-Pw-K-Z¿i\w (1)
]cm-_-em-kw-bp-Xn-cn-jvS-hn-NypXnx
A\n-jvS-hm-Kv Zp-jvS-P-\-hyYm `thXv
hn[p-¥p-tZ-\m-]-lrtX kzh-’-tc.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: Z¿i\w
344
1. cmlpZibnse kzm]lmcw hn[p-¥p-tZ-\m-]-lrtX kzh-’-tc. ˛ cmlpZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬
hnj Aw-_p-cp-Kv ˛ hnjw, Pew Ch-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´
tcmK-߃,
Zp-jvS-`p-Pw-K-Z¿i\w ˛ hnj∏mºpIfpsS Z¿i\w
]cm-_-em-kw-bp-Xn ˛ ]c-kv{Xo-_‘w,
C-jvS-hn-NypXn ˛ _‘p-\miw
A\n-jvS-hm-Kv ˛ A{]n-b-`m-jWw,
Zp-jvS-P-\-hyYm ˛ ZpjvS-cm¬ ZpJw.
(30)
kptJm-]-\o-Xn- p-c-hn-{]-]q-P\w
hntcm-KXm hma-Zrimw kam-Kamx
kp]p-Wy-im-kv{Xm¿∞-hn-Nm-c-kw-`-h˛
pcm-cn-Zm-bm-¥-ctK _rl-kv]-Xu.
2. cmlpZibnse Kpcp A]lmcw kpcm-cn-Zm-bm-¥-ctK _rl-kv]-Xu. ˛ cmlpZibnse Kpcp A]lmcØn¬
kptJm-]-\o-Xn- ˛ kpJm\p-`hw,
kpc -hn-{] -]q-P\w ˛ tZh-{_m-“W]qP,
hntcm-KXm ˛ BtcmKyw,
hma-Zrimw kam-Kam ˛ ˛ kpμcokamKaw
kp]p-Wy ˛ ]pWy-I¿Ω-߃,
im-kv{Xm¿∞ -hn-Nm-c- kw-`-h ˛ imkv{Xm¿∞w apXembh.
(31)-
kao-c-]n-Ø-{]-KZx £Xn-kvXt\m
X\q-P-tbm-jn-’-l-ssP› hn{Klx
kz`r-Xy-\m-i› ]Z-Nyp-Xn¿`-th˛
±nXn-{]-Pmbpx {]hn-i-Xy-Ym¿°-tP.
3 cmlpZibnse i\n]lmcw ZnXn-{]-Pmbpx {]hn-i-Xy-Ym¿°-tP. ˛ cmlpZibnse i\n]lmcØn¬
kao-c -]n-Ø -{]-KZx ˛ hmX-]n-Ø-tcm-K-߃,
£Xn- X\u ˛ tZlØp apdnhv,
X\q-P -tbm-jnX k--l-ssP N hn{Klx ˛ a°ƒ,`mcy, ktlm-Z-c¿, Ch-cp-ambn hg°v,
kz`r-Xy\m-i› ˛ `rXy-\miw,
]Z-Nyp-Xn ˛ ÿm\-{`wiw
(32)
kpX-kz-kn-≤n-x kp-lrZmw kam-Ktam
at\m-hn-\-μ-Xz-a-Xoh PmbtX
]Sp-{In-bm-`q-j-W-Iu-i-em-Ztbm
`pPw-K-kw-h-’-c-lm-cn-Wo-μptP.
345
4. cmlpZibnse _p[m]lmcw `pPw-K-kw-h-’-c-lm-cn-Wo-μptP. ˛ cmlpZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬
kpX -kz- kn-≤n- ˛ ]p{X-˛-[-\-em`w,
kp-lrZmw kam-Ktam ˛ kplr-Zvkam-Kaw,
at\m -hn-\-μ-Xz ˛ a\ t¥mjw ]Sp-{In-bm ˛ \√ {]]¿Øn-Iƒ,
`q-j-W- ˛ B`-c-W߃,
Iu-i-em-Ztbm ˛ Iuiew XpS-ßn-bh
* at\m -hn-˛\-μ-Xz ˛ at\mhnjaw F∂pw ImWp∂p. .
(feeling of inferiority in an acute form - 2)
kμ¿`w t\m°ptºmƒ kt¥mjamWv tbmPn°p∂Xv.
(33)
Pzcm-·n-i-kv{Xm-cn-`bw intcm-cptPm
ico-c-Iºx kzkp-lrZv Kpcp-hyYm
hnj-{h-Wm¿Ønx Ielw kplr-÷-ss\˛
clo-{μ-Zm-bm-¥-ctK inJm-[-tc.
5. cmlpZibnse tIXpA]lmcw Alo-{μ-Zm-bm-¥-ctK inJm-[-tc. ˛ cmlpZibnse tIXpA]lmcØn¬
Pzc A-·n- i-kv{X Acn -`bw ˛ ]\n, Xo, Bbp-[w, i{Xp Ch-bm¬ `bw,
intcm-cptPm ˛ intcm-tcmKw,
ico-c-Iºx ˛ tZlw hnd-bv°¬,
kz kp-lrZv Kpcp -hyYm ˛ X\n°pw kplr-Øp-°ƒ°pw Kpcp-hn\pw
ZpJw,
hnj- {h-W B¿Ønx ˛ hnjw, apdnhv Ch-tIm- p hnjaw,
Ielw kplr-÷-ss\ ˛ kplr-Øp-°-fp-ambn Ielw.
(34)
If-{X-e-_v[n-»bt\m-]Nm-cXm
Xpcw-K-am-Xw-K-a-lo-k-am-Kax
I^m-\n-em¿Ønx kzP-ss\¿hn-tcm-[Xm
`thZv `pPw-Km-bp-cp]m-lrtX `rKu.
6. cmlpZibnse ip{Im]lmcw `pPw-Km-bp-cp]m-lrtX `rKu .˛ cmlpZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬
If-{X- e-_v[n- ˛ `mcym-em`w,
ibt\m-]Nm-cXm ˛ ib-\-kpJw,
Xpcw-K -am-Xw-K -a-lo- k-am-Kax ˛ IpXn-c, B\, `qan Ch- em`w,
I^ A\n-e B¿Ønx ˛ I^-hm-X-tcm-K-߃,
kzP-ss\¿hn-tcm-[Xm ˛ _‘p-hn-tcm[w
(35)
Acn-hyYm kymZ-Xn-]o-U\w Zrtim¿˛
hnjm-·n-i-kv{Xm-l-Xn-cm-]-Zp-ZvKax
346
(?) h[q-kp-Xm-¿Øn (1) \r-]-tX¿a-lm-`bw
`pPw-K-h¿tj Xnan-cm-cnWm lrtX.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: h[qkp[m]vXn ˛ “ `mhIpXqlew ”
7. cmlpZibnse kqcym]lmcw `pPw-K-h¿tj Xnan-cm-cnWm lrtX. ˛ cmlpZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬
Acn-hyYm ˛ i{Xp-ZpJw,
A-Xn-]o-U\w Zrtim ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,
hnj A·n- i-kv{Xm -l-Xn -B-]-Zp-ZvKax ˛ hnjw, -A-·n,- B-bp[w Chaqeap≈
B]ØpIƒ
h-[q-kp-Xm¿Øn ˛ `mcym]p-{XZp-Jw. (`mcybv°pw ]p{X-∑m¿°pw
ZpJw. As√-¶n¬ `mcybpw ]p{Xcpw aqew ZpJw.)
\r-]-tX¿a-lm-`bw ˛ cmP-`bw
(36)
h[q-hn-\mix Ietlm at\m-cpPx
Irjn-{Inbm hnØ-]-ip-{]-Pm-£bx
kplr-÷-\m¿Ønx(1)- ken-em-¤bw `thXv
hn[u Zim-t`m-‡cn tZh-hn-Zzn-jx.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ kplr-Zzn-]-Øn.
8. cmlpZibnse N{μm]lmcw hn[u Zim-t`m-‡cn tZh-hn-Zzn-jx. ˛ cmlpZibnse N{μm]lmcØn¬
h[q-hn-\mix ˛ `mcym-\miw,
Ietlm ˛ Ielw,
at\m-cpPx ˛ at\m-th-Z-\-Iƒ
Irjn -{Inbm hnØ -]-ip -{]-Pm£bx ˛ Irjn,[-\w,]-ip,a°ƒ/{]P-Iƒ
Chbv°p \miw,
kplr-÷-\ B¿Øn- ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p ZpJw,
k-en-em-Xv `bw ˛ Pe-`bw.
(37)
\r]m-·n-tNm-cm-kv{X-`bw ico-cnWmw
ico-c-\mtim bZn hm alm-cpPx
]Z-{`aw lr∂-b-\-{]-]o-U\w (1)
bZm{X k¿∏m-bpjn k©-tcXv IpPx
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ lr∂n[\w {]hoU\w
9. cmlpZibnse IpPm]lmcw k¿∏m-bpjn k©-tcXv IpPx ˛ cmlpZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬
\r] A-·n -tNm-c A-kv{X-`bw ico-cnWmw˛ cmPmhv, Xo, I-≈∑m¿,- Bbp[߃
Chaqeap≈ `bw
ico-c-\mtim ˛ tZl-\miw,
bZn hm ˛ As√-¶n¬,
alm-cpPx ˛ alm-tcmKw,
347
]Z-{`aw ˛ ÿm\-N-e\w,
lr∂b-\-{]-]o-U\w ˛ lrt{ZmKw, t\{XtcmKw
(lr∂n[\w ˛ at\m-`w-Kw ˛ aebmfw hymJym\߃)
5. KpcpZibnse A]lmc߃
(3-8)
ku`m-Ky-Im-¥n--c-Xn-am-\-Kp-tWm-Zbx kymXv
kXv]p-{X-kn-≤n-c-h-\o-]-Xn-]q-P\w N
BNm-cy-km-[p-P-\-kw-bp-Xn-cn-jvS kn≤nx
kwh-’cw lcXn tZh-Kpcu kzIo-bw.
1. KpcpZibnse kzm]lmcw kwh-’cw lcXn tZh-Kpcu kzIo-bw. ˛ KpcpZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬
ku`m-Ky- ˛ `mKyw,
Im-¥n --, ˛ tZlIm¥n
A-Xn-am-\-Kp-tWm-Zbx ˛ hfsc _lp-am-\hpw KpW^eßfpw
kXv]p-{X-kn-≤n- ˛ kXv]p-{X-em`w,
A-h-\o-]-Xn-]q-P\w ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w,
BNm-cy -km-[p-P-\- kw-bp-Xn- ˛ BNm-cy-∑m¿, k÷-\-߃ Ch-cp-ambn
tNcpI,
C-jvS kn≤nx ˛ CjvSImcykn≤n
(39)
thiymw-K-\m-a-Z-IrXmanX(1)-tZm-j-kwKx
k¬°¿a-(2)ku-Jy-k-Ip-Spw-_-]-ip-{]-]oUmx
A¿∞-hy-tbm-cp-`b-a-£n-P-cp-Iv kp-Xm¿Øn¿˛
ssPho-Zimw hniXn ssZ\-Itc \cm-Wmw.
]mT-t`Zw ˛
(1) a-Z-IrZmkh-tZm-j-kwKx
(2) D-XvI¿j
2. KpcpZibnse i\nA]lmcw ssPho-Zimw hniXn ssZ\-Itc \cm-Wmw.˛ KpcpZibnse i\nA]lmcØn¬
thiymw-K-\m- a-Z-Ir-X AanXtZm-j-kwKx ˛ thiym-kwKhpw a‰pw aqeap≈ -
tZm-j^e߃,
k¬°¿a- ku-Jy - kXvI¿Ωw, kuJyw,
-Ip-Spw-_- ]-ip- {]-]oUmx ˛ Ip-Spw-_w -]-ip- Chbv°p ]oUIƒ
(kXv{]hrØnIƒsIm- p kuJyhpw F∂p 4)
A¿∞-hy-tbm ˛ [\-hybw,
D`b-a-£n-P-cp-Iv ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,
kp-Xm¿Øn ˛ ]p{X-ZpJw.
348
(40)
kv{XoZyq-X-a-Zy-P-a-lm-hy-k\w {XntZmssjx
tINn-Zzn-Z-¥y]n N tIh-e-aw-K-fm]vXnx
tZh-Zzn-Pm¿®-\-kp-Xm¿∞-kp-J-{]-tbm-ssK¿˛
Ko¿hm-W-]q-Pn-X-Z-im-lrZn N{μ-kq-\u.
3. KpcpZibnse _p[m]lmcw Ko¿hm-W-]q-Pn-X-Z-im-lrZn N{μ-kq-\u. ˛ KpcpZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬
kv{Xo Zyq-X -a-Zy-P -a-lm-hy-k\w ˛ kv{XoIfpambp≈ (hgnhn´) _‘ßfpw,
NqXm´hpw aZy]m\hpw aqew,
hfscb[nIw ZpJßfpw
{XntZmssj ˛ hmX-]n-Ø-I-^-߃ tIm]n®XpsIm- p≈
tcmKßfpw ^ew.
tZh -Zzn-P A¿®-\ ˛ tZh-{_m-“-W-]qP
kp-X A¿∞- kp-J -{]-tbm-ssKx ˛ ]p{X [\ kpJ {]m]vXn (XpSßnb)
tIh-e-aw-K-fm]vXnx ˛ awKfamb ^eßfp- #Ipsa∂p
tINnXv hZ¥n A]n ˛ a‰p Nne-cpw ]d-bp-∂p.
]ckv]chncp≤amb Cu c- pXcw ^e߃°pw AhbptSXmb ImcWap- v.
ip`\mb hygØns‚ Zibn¬ as‰mcp ip`\mb _p[s‚ A]lmcw hymgØns‚
ImcIXzßfn¬s∏Sp∂ ]p{X≥, [\w, kpJw, tZh{_m“W]qP XpSßnb \√ ^e߃
sIm- phtc- XmWv. F∂m¬ hymgØns‚ ss\k¿§nIi{Xp F∂ \nebv°v kv{Xo
Iƒ, aZyw, NqXm´w Ch hgn hymgØns‚ [\ImcIXzsØ Zp¿∫eam°n, {XntZmj
tIm]Øn\nSbm°n, hymgw Xtc- [hkpJwt]mepw ]mgm°pIbmWv A\pIqe
\√mØ _p[≥ sNøpI
(41)
ikv{X-{htWm `hXn `rXy-P-ss\¿\n-tcm-[˛
›nØ-hyYm X\-b-tbm-jn-Zp-]-{Z-h›
{]mW-Nyp-Xn¿Kp-cp-kp-lr-÷-\-hn-{]-tbmtKm
tZth-Uy-am-bp-c-]-lrXy ZZmXn tIXpx.
4. KpcpZibnse tIXp A]lmcw tZth-Uy-am-bp-c-]-lrXy ZZmXn tIXpx ˛ KpcpZibnse tIXp A]lmcØn¬ .
ikv{X-{htWm `hXn ˛ Bbp-[w-sIm- p apdnhv,
`rXy-P-ss\x hn-tcm-[ ˛ `rXy-cp-ambn hntcm[w,
NnØ-hyYm ˛ at\m-ZpJw,
X\-b- tbm-jn-X D-]-{Z-h› ˛ a°ƒ°pw `mcybv°pw D]{Zhw, tcmKw
{]mW-Nyp-Xn ˛ acWw,
Kp-cp -kp-lr-÷-\ -hn-{]-tbmtKm ˛ KpcpP\ßfptSbpw _‘p°fptSbpw, -
th¿]mSv
(42)
\m\m-hn-[m¿∞-]-ip-[m-\y-]-cn-—Zkv{Xo˛
]p{Xm-∂-]m-\-i-b-\mw-_-c-`q-jWm]vXnx
349
tZh-Zzn-Pm¿®-\-ap-]m-k-\-X-Xv]-c-Xz˛
ambpcyZm lcXn ssPh-a-Ym f -kp-tcUyx.
5. KpcpZibnse ip{Im]lmcw Bbp bZm lcXn ssPh-a-Y -Akp-tcUyx. ˛ KpcpZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬
\m\m-hn-[ ˛ ]e-hn[Ønepw
A¿∞ -]-ip -[m-\y-]-cn-OZ ˛ [\w, ]ip°ƒ, [m\yw, ]cnhmc߃ kv{Xo
]p{X ˛ `mcy, a°ƒ
A-∂- ]m-\ i-b-\ ˛ `£Ww, ]m\obw, ib\w
Aw-_-c -`q-j-W ˛ hkv{X߃, B`-c-W-߃
B]vXnx ˛ Ch e`n-°pw.
tZh-Zzn-P A¿®-\ ˛ tZh {_m“W ]qP,
D--]m-k-\ -X-Xv]-c-Xzw ˛ D]m-k-\- ChIfn¬ X¬∏c\mIpw.
(43)
it{Xm¿Pbx £nXn-]-am-\-\-Io¿Øn-em`x
kym®WvUXm \c-Xp-cw-K-a-hm-l-\m]vXnx
t{iWy-{K-lm-c-]p-c-cm-jv{S-k-a-kvX-k-º˛
Zpss®-cp-N∞y-k-l-Pm-bp-cp-]m-lr-tX f ¿t°.
6. KpcpZibnse kqcym]lmcw DN∞yklP Bbp D]mlrtX A¿t° KpcpZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬
it{Xm¿Pbx ˛ i{Xp-Pbw,
£nXn-]-am-\-\- ˛ cmP_lp-am\w,
Io¿Øn-em`x ˛ {]ikvXn,
NWvUXm ˛ ]cm-{Iaw,
\c- Xp-cw-K-a- hm-l-\ B]vXnx ˛ ]√-°v, tXcv apX-em-b hml\ßfpw
t{iWn A{K-lm-c- ]p-c -cm-jv{S -k-a-kvX -k-ºXv ˛sXcp-hv, A{K-lm-cw, \K-cw, cmPyw XpSßn
kI-e-k-º-Øp-Ifpw ({IaØn¬) D- m-Ipw.
(44)
tbmjn-Zv_-lp-Xza-cn-\m-i-\-a¿∞-em`w
Irjy¿∞-h-kvXp-]-c-tam-∂-X-Io¿Øn-em`w
tZh-Zzn-Pm¿®-\-]-c-Xz-a-Xoh ]pwkmw
kRvPm-btX Kpcp-Z-im-lrXn i¿h-co-ti.
7. KpcpZibnse N{μm]lmcw Kpcp-Z-im-lrXn i¿h-co-ti ˛ KpcpZibn¬ N{μm]lmcØn¬
tbmjn-Xv _-lp-Xzw ˛ hfsc `mcy-am¿,
A-cn-\m-i-\w- ˛ i{Xp-\miw,
A¿∞ -em`w ˛ [\-em`w,
Irjn A¿∞- h-kvXp- ˛ Irjn, [\w,
]-c-tam-∂-X- Io¿Øn-em`w ˛ G‰hpw henb {]ikvXn Ch e`n°pw.
tZh- Zzn-P A¿®-\-]-c-Xz-w AXoh... ˛ tZh-{_m-“-W-]q-P-I-fn¬ AXoh Xm¬]cyw
D- mIpw.
350
(45)
_‘q-]-tXm-j-W-a-cn-{h-P-tXm f ¿∞-em`x
kpt£-{X-k-XvIr-Xn-cnl {]Yn-X-{]-`mhx
CujXv Kpcq-]-l-Xn-co-£-W-kp-£-Xn¿hm
£nXym-fltP lcXn h’-c-am-cy-Pm-Xw.
8. KpcpZibnse IpPm]lmcw £nXym-fltP lcXn h’-c-am-cy-Pm-Xw. ˛ KpcpZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬
_‘q]-tXm-j-W-w ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p kt¥mjw,
Acn-{h-P-tXm A¿∞-em`x ˛ i{Xp-°-fn¬\n∂v A¿∞-em`w,
kpt£-{X ˛ `qanem`w
k-XvIr-Xn ˛ kXv{]-hrØnIƒ,
{]Yn-X-{]-`mhx ˛ {]`mhh¿≤\,
CujXv Kpcq-]-l-Xn ˛ Kpcp-hn\v A\¿∞w
Cu-£-W-kp-£-Xn ˛ t\{X-tcmKw
(46)
_‘q-]-X-]vXn-cp-cp-am-\-k-cp-§-Zm¿Øn˛
t›mcm-¤bw Kpcp-KtZm PTtcm¤thm hm
cmtP--{μ-]o-U-\-a-cn-hy-k\w kz\miw
kºZytX lcXn kqcn-Zimw kpcm-cu.
9. KpcpZibnse cmlpA]lmcw kqcn-Zimw kpcm-cu ˛ KpcpZibnse cmlpA]lmcØn¬
_‘q-]-X-]vXn- ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p ZpJw
(_-‘p-°-sf-s°m- p ZpJw F∂pw)
Dcp-am-\-k- ˛ a\x-{]-bmkw,
cp-§-Zm¿Øn ˛ tcmK-Zp-J-߃,
tNmcm-¤bw ˛ tamjW`oXn
Kpcp-KtZm PTtcm¤thm hm ˛ Kpcp-Xcamb, _‘amb, {]iv\߃
cmtP--{μ-]o-U-\ ˛ cmtPm-]-{Zhw,
A-cn-hy-k\w ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,
kz\miw ˛ [\-\miw
6. i\n-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c߃
(47)
Irjn-hr-≤n-`r-Xy-a-ln-jm-`yp-Zbw
]h-am-\-cpIKvhrj-e-Pm-Xn-[\w
ÿhn-cmw-K-\m-]vXn-c-e-k-Xz-aLw
\nP-h-’-cm-¥-c-KtX chn-tP.
1. i\nZibnse kzm]lmcw \nP-h-’-cm-¥-c-KtX chn-tP. ˛ i\nZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬
351
-Irjn-hr-≤n- ˛ Irjn-°v A`n-hr≤n,
`r-Xy -a-ln-j A`yp-Zbw ˛ `rXy-∑mcpw, t]mØpIfpw h¿≤n°pw.
]h-am-\-cpIv ˛ hmX/hmbp-tcmKw,
hrj-e-Pm-Xn-[\w ˛ Zmk-∑m¿ hgn [\m-K-aw,
ÿhn-c Aw-K-\ B-]vXn ˛ hr≤kv{Xo_‘w,
Ae-k-Xz-w ˛ Ae-kX,
ALw ˛ ]m]w
(48)
kp`-K-Xz-a-kvXn-kp-JnXm h\nXm
\r]-em-f\w hnP-b-an-{X-bpXnx
{XnKtZm¤hx kl-P-]p-{X-cpPm
i\n-Zm-b-lm-cnWn iim-¶-kp-tX.
2. i\nZibnse _p[m]lmcw i\n-Zm-b-lm-cnWn iim-¶-kp-tX -˛ i\nZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬
kp`-K-Xz-w - ˛ kuμcyw,
kp-JnXm h\nXm ˛ kv{XokpJw,
\r]-em-f\w ˛ cmPkt¥mjw
hnP-bw-,
an-{X-bpXn ˛ kplrXv kwKaw,
{XnKtZm¤hx ˛ {XntZm-j-߃,
kl-P- ]p-{X -cpPm ˛ ktlm-Z-c¿°pw ]p{X¿°pw tcmK-߃
(49)
acp-Z-·n-]o-U-\-a-cn-hy-k\w
kpX-Zm-c-hn-{K-l-bp-Xn- -XXw
Aip-`m-h-tem-I-\-a-tl› `bw
arZp-h-’-cm≥ lcXn tIXp-]-Xu. (1)
]mTt`Zw: i\nh’cm≤cXn tIXp]Xu ˛ `mhIpXqlew
3. i\nZibnse tIXpA]lmcw acp-Z-·n-]o-U-\w ˛ hmX-/hmbptcm-Kw,
A·n-`bw,
Acn -hy-k\w ˛ i{Xp-°ƒaqew ZpJw,
kpX- Zm-c- hn-{K-l -˛ a°fpw `mcybp-ambn hg°v,
Aip-` Ah-tem-I-\- ˛ Aip-`-I-c-am-bh ImWpI
a-tl› `bw ˛ k¿∏`bw.
(50)
kplr-Zw-K-\m-X-\b kuJy-bpXnx
Irjn-tXm-b-bm-\-P-\n-Xm¿∞-Nbx
ip`-Io¿Øn-cp-¤-hXn tZl-`rXmw
ba-Zm-b-lm-cnWn `rtKmkvX\-tb.
352
4. i\nZibnse ip{Im]lmcw ba-Zm-b-lm-cnWn `rtKmkvX\-tb. ˛ i\nZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬
kplr-Xv Aw-K-\m- X-\b kuJy-bpXnx ˛ _‘p-˛`mcy˛-]p{X kpJw,
Irjn -tXm-b-bm-\ -P-\n-X A¿∞-kwNbx Irjn, Pe-bm{X Chaqew kºØv
ip`-Io¿Øn-x- ˛ {]ikvXn.
(51)-
a-c-W-¥p hm cn]p-`bw kXXw
Kpcp-h¿§-cp-KvP-T-c-t\-{X-cpPm
[\-[m-\y-hn-Nyp-Xn-cnl {]`-thXv
chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn Xo{h-I-tc.
5. i\nZibnse kqcym]lmcw chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn Xo{h-I-tc. ˛ i\nZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬
a-c-W-w Xp hm ˛ acWw As√-¶n¬,
cn]p-`bw kXXw ˛ Ft∏mgpw i{Xp-`bw
Kpcp-h¿§ -cp-Kv ˛ Kpcp-P-\-߃°v AkpJw,
P-T-c- t\-{X-cpPm ˛ DZct\{XtcmK߃,
[\ -[m-\y -hn-Nyp-Xn - ˛ [\ [m\y \miw
(52)
h\n-Xm-l-Xn¿a-c-W-tah \rWmw
kplrZmw hn]-Øn-c-Xn-tcm-K-`bw
Pe-hm-XPw `b-a-Xoh `th˛
{Zhn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn cm{Xn-I-tc.
6. i\nZibnse N{μm]lmcw chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn cm{Xn-I-tc ˛ i\nZibntem N{μm]lmcØn¬
h\n-Xm-l-Xnx ˛ `mcym-a-cWw,
ac-W-tah \rWmw ˛ X\n°p acWw,
kplrZmw hn]-Øn ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ°v/_-‘p-°ƒ°v B]-Øp-Iƒ,
AXn-tcm-K`bw ˛ henb tcm-K-`-b-w,
Pe-hm-XPw `b-a-Xoh `thXv ˛ PeP\yhpwhmXkw_‘hpamb tcmK߃
(53)
kz]-Z-NypXnx kzP-\-hn-{K-l-cpKv
Pzc-h”nikv{Xhn-j-`o-c-Yhm
Acn-hr-≤n-cm-{¥-P-cp-K-£n-`bw
chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn `qan-kp-tX.
7. i\nZibnse IpPm]lmcw
chn-Pm-bp-cm-hn-iXn `qan-kp-tX. ˛ i\nZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬
kz]-Z-NypXn ˛ ÿm\-N-e\w,
kzP-\-hn-{K-l - ˛ _‘p-hn-tcm[w,
cpIv Pzc --h”n ikv{X hn-j- `o-Xn ˛ tcmKw, ]\n, A·n, Bbp-[w, hnjw
353
Ch-bpsS `bw,
Acn-hr-≤n- ˛ i{Xp-h¿≤\
B-{¥-P-cp-Kv- ˛ B{¥-tcmKw (Hernia), A£n-`bw - ˛ t\{X-tcmKw
(54)
A]-am¿§-bm-\-a-kp-`n¿hn-clw
XzYhm {]ta-l-Kp-cp-Kp-∑-`bw
Pzc-cp-Iv £-Xn-xkXX-tah \rWm˛
akn-Xm-¥cw hniXn t`mKn-]-Xu.
8. i\nZibnse cmlpA]lmcw Akn-Xm-¥cw hniXn t`mKn-]-Xu ˛ i\nZibnse cm]p A]lmcØn¬
A]-am¿§-bm-\w ˛ A]-Y-k-©mcw-,
Akp-`n¿hn-clw ˛ Poh-\m-iw
{]ta-l -Kp-cp-Kp-∑ -`bw ˛ {]ta-lw, Kpcp-X-c-amb Kp∑≥ (Enlargement of spleen) XpSßnb tcmK-ß-ƒ,
Pzc-cp-Iv ˛ ]\n,
£-Xn- ˛ £Xw, apdnhv
(55)
Aa-cm¿®\w(1) ZznP-KWm-`n-cp-Nn¿˛
Krl-]p-{X-Zm-c-hn-lr-XnkvXp `thXv
[\-[m-\y-hr-≤n-c-[nIm ln \rWmw
KX-h-Xy-Ym f ¿°n-h-b-ko-{μ-Kp-cu.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ tZhm¿®\w
9. i\nZibnse KpcpA]lmcw
A¿°n-h-b-ko-{μ-Kp-cu. ˛ i\nA]lmcØn¬ Kpcp A]lmcØn¬
Aa-cm¿®\w ˛ tZh-]qP,
ZznP-Kp-Wm-`n-cp-Nn ˛ {_m“-W-`‡n,
Krl- ]p-{X- Zm-c -hn-l-Xn ˛ hoSv, ]p{X≥, `mcy Chbv°p \miw,
[\- [m-\y -hr-≤n -A[nIm ˛ [\-[m-\y-h¿≤\
7. _p[-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃
(56)
[¿Ω-am¿§-\n-c-Xn-¿hn-]-›nZmw
kwKtam hna-e-[o¿[\w ZznPmXv
hnZybm _lp-bi pJw kZm
N{μtP lcXn h’cw kzIw.
1. _p[-Zibnse kzm]lmcw N{μtP lcXn h’cw kzIw. ˛ _p[Zibnse kzm]lmcØn¬
354
[¿Ω-am¿§-\n-c-Xn ˛ [m¿Ωn-I-Im-cy-ßfn¬ Xm¬∏cyw,
hn-]-›nXmw kwKtam ˛ hnZzm∑mcpambn kwK-aw.
hna-e-[o ˛ \n¿Ω-e-_p≤n,
[\w ZznPmXv --˛ {_m“-W-cm¬ [\m-Kaw,
hnZybm _lp-bix ˛ hnZy-sIm- v hfsc bi v,
kpJw kZm ˛ Ft∏mgpw kpJw.
(57)
ZpxJ-tim-I-I-e-lm-Ip-eXzXm
Km{X-I-º\aan-{X-kw-bpXnx
t£{X-bm-\-hn-bp-XncyZm `thXv
tkma-kq-\p-i-cZw KXx inJo.
2. _p[-Zibnse tIXp A]lmcw. tkma-kq-\p-i-cZw KXx inJo. ˛ _p[Zibnse tIXp A]lmcØn¬
ZpxJ ˛ ZpJw,
tim-I ˛ timIw,
I-e-l ˛ hg°v
vB-Ip-e-XzXm ˛ `bw
Km{X-I-º\w ˛ icocw hnd-bv°¬
Aan-{X-kw-bpXn ˛ i{Xp°fpambn kwtbmKw,
t£{X- bm-\ hn-bp-Xnx ˛ `qan, hml\w Ch \jvSw.
(58)
tZh-hn-{]-Kp-cp-]q-P-\-{Inbm
Zm\-[¿Ω-]-cXm kZm-Kax
hkv{X-`q-j-W-kp-lr-Zyp-Xn¿`-thXv
t_m[-\m-bpjn kam-lrtX kntX.
3. _p[-Zibnse ip{Im]lmcw. t_m[-\m-bpjn kam-lrtX kntX. ˛ _p[Zibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬
tZh- hn-{] -Kp-cp- ]q-P-\-{Inbm ˛ tZh∑m¿, -{_m-“W¿, Kpcp-P-\-߃
Chsc ]qPn-°¬,
Zm\-[¿Ω-]-cXm ˛ Zm\-[¿Ω-߃,
kZm-Kax ˛ k’wKw,
hkv{X- `q-j-W- kp-lr-ZypXn ˛ hkv{Xw, B`-cWw _‘p-°ƒ Ch-bpsS
h¿≤\.
(59)
tla-hn-{Zp-a-Xpcw-K-hm-c-W˛
{]mhrXw `h-\-a-∂-]m-\-bpIv
`q]-tX-c]n N ]qP\w `thXv
`m\p-am-en\n _p[m-_vZ-Im≥ KtX.
4. _p[-Zibnse kqcym]lmcw `m\p-am-en\n _p[m-_vZ-Im≥ KtX. ˛ _p[Zibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬
355
tla- ˛ kz¿Æw,
hn-{Zp-a- ˛ ]hngw,
Xpcw-K- ˛ IpXnc,
hm-c-W ˛ B\,
A∂-]m-\-bpIv ˛ Xn∂m\pw IpSn-°\pw th- h.
{]mhrXw `h-\ ˛ Ch kar-≤-amb hoS,v
`q]-tX-x A]n ]qP\w `thXv ˛ cmPm-hp-IqSn am-\n-°pw.
(60)
akvX-I-hy-k-\-a-£n-]o-U\w
IpjvT-Z-{Zp-_-lp-I-WvT-]o-U\w
{]mW-kw-i-b-bp-Xn¿\rWmw `thXv
⁄m\-bpjw {hPXn ioX-Zo-[n-Xu.
5. _p[-Zibnse N{μm]lmcw ⁄m\-bpjw {hPXn ioX-Zo-[n-Xu. ˛ _p[Zibnse N{μm]lmcØn¬
akvX-I-hy-k-\-w ˛ Xe-th-Z\,
A-£n-]o-U\w ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,
IpjvT- ˛ IpjvTw
Z-{Zp-_-lp ˛ h´-s®mdn,
I-WvT-]o-U\w ˛ IWvT-tcm-Kw,
{]mW-kw-i-b-bp-Xn ˛ {]mW-`-bw.
(61)
A·n-`o-Xn-c]n t\{XPm cpPm
tNmcPw `b-a-Xoh ZpxJnXm
ÿm\-lm-\n-cY hmX-tcm-KnXm
⁄mbpjw lcXn taZn-\o-kp-tX.
6. _p[-Zibnse IpPm]lmcw ⁄mbpjw lcXn taZn-\o-kp-tX. ˛ _p[Zibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬
A·n-`o-Xn- ˛ A·n-`bw,
t\{XPm cpPm ˛ t\{X-tcmKw,
tNmcPw `b- ˛ Xkv°-c-`bw
AXoh ZpxJnXm ˛ Xo{h-ZpJw,
ÿm\-lm-cn- ˛ ÿm\-\jvSw,
hmX-tcm-KnXm ˛ hmX-tcmKw
(62)
am\-lm-\n-c-Y-hm f -{i-b-NypXnx
kz£-tbm- f ·n-hn-j-tXm-bPw `bw
akvX-Im-£n-P-T-c-{]-]o-U\w
ioX-c-ivan-P-Zimw KtX f kp-tc.
356
7. _p[-Zibnse cmlpA]lmcw ioX-c-ivan-P-Zimw KtX Akp-tc. ˛ _p[Zibnse cmlp A]lmcØn¬
am\-lm-\n ˛ am\-lm\n-
B{i-b-NypXnx ˛ B{i-b-an-√m-Xm-hpI,
kz£-tbm- ˛ kzØp-\m-iw
A·n- hn-j -tXm-bPw `bw ˛ A·n, hnjw, Pew Ch- Imc-W-ambp-- m
- Ip∂ `bw,
akvX-I A-£n- P-T-c -{]-]o-U\w ˛ inc v,IÆv,hb¿ Ch-bv°p tcmK-]o-U-Iƒ-.
(63)
hym[n-i-{Xp-`-b-hn-Nyp-Xn¿`-thXv
{_“-kn-≤n-c-h-\o-i-k¬°rXnx
[¿Ω-kn-≤(1)X-]kmw kap-ZvKtam
tZh-a-{¥nWo hntZm Zimw KtX.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ [¿Ω-kn≤n
8. _p[-Zibnse hymgm]lmcw tZh-a-{¥nWo hntZm Zimw KtX. ˛ _p[Zibnse hymgm]lmcØn¬
hym[n -i-{Xp- `-b- hn-Nyp-Xn¿`-thXv ˛ tcmKw, i{Xp,-`bw Ch-bn-√m-Xmhpw,
{_“-kn-≤n- ˛ {_“-⁄m\kn≤n,
A-h-\o-i-k¬°rXnx ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w,
[¿Ω-kn-≤X-]kmw kap-ZvKtam ˛ [¿Ω-h¿≤-\-bm¬ Xt]m-hrØn
Bcw-`n-°p-w
(64)
A¿∞-[¿Ω-]-cn-ep-]vXn-cp-®ssIx
k¿h-Im-cy-hn-^-e-Xz-aw-Kn\mw
t«jva-hm-X-P-\n-tXm-cp-cp-Kv`thm
t_m[-\m-bpjn kam-lr-tX f -kn-tX.
9. _p[-Zibnse i\n A]lmcw
t_m[-\m-bpjn kam-lr-tX f -kn-tX. ˛ _p[Zibnse i\n A]lmcØn¬
A¿∞- [¿Ω- ]-cn-ep-]vXn D-®ssIx ˛ A¿∞w, [¿Ωw Ch \jvS-amIpw,
k¿h-Im-cy-hn-^-e-Xzw- ˛ F√m Imcy-ß-fnepw ]cm-Pbw
t«jva- hm-X-P-\n-X cp-Kv`thm ˛ I^-hmXkw_-‘n-I-fmb tcmK-߃.
9. tIXp-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃
(65)
cn]p-P-\-I-elw kplr-Zzn-tcm-[˛
kvXzip`hNx {ihWw Pzcmw-KZmlw
Ka-\-a-]-c-[mav\n hnØ-\miw
inJn\n et`X Zimw KtX kzIobmw.
357
1. tIXpZibnse kzm]lmcw inJn\n et`X Zimw KtX kzIobmw. ˛ tIXpZibnse kzm]lmcØn¬
cn]p-P-\-I-elw ˛ i{Xp-°-fp-ambn hg°v,
kplr-Zzn-tcm-[kvXp ˛ _‘p-hn-tcm[w,
Aip`hNx {ihWw ˛ Aip-`-hm¿Ø-Iƒ tIƒ°pI,
Pzcmw-KZmlw ˛ ]\nbpw Np´p\odepw
Ka-\w A-]-c-[mav\n ˛ A\y-Kr-l-hmkw,
hnØ-\miw ˛ [\-\jvSw.
(66)
ZznP-h-c-I-elw kv{Xnbm hntcm[w
kzIp-e-P-ss\-c]n I\y-Im-{]-kqXnx
]cn-`-h-P-\\w ]tcm-]-Xmt]m
`hXn kntX inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-tf.
2. tIXpZibnse ip{Im]lmcw `hXn kntX inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-tf. ˛ tIXpZibnse ip{Im]lmcØn¬
ZznP-h-c-I-elw ˛ {_m“-W-Ielw
kv{Xnbm hntcm[w ˛ `mcym-hntcm[w
kzIp-e-P-ss\-c]n ˛ kzP\hntcm[w
I\y-Im-{]-kqXnx ˛ ]p{XoP\\w,
]cn-`-h-P-\\w ˛ ]cn-`hw,
]tcm-]-Xmt]m ˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°p ZpJap- m°p∂
Imcy߃ sNøpI.
(67)
Kpcp-P-\--a-cWw Pzcm-h-Xmcx
kzP-\-hn-tcm-[-hn-tZ-i-bm-\-em`w
\r]-`bIelw(1) I^m-\n-em¿Øn¿˛
hniXn chu inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-fw.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ \r]-Ir-X-I-elw
3. tIXpZibnse kqcym]lmcw chu inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-fw. ˛ tIXpZibnse kqcym]lmcØn¬
Kpcp-P-\-\-a-cWw ˛ Kpcp-P-\-ß-fpsS acWw,
Pzcm-h-Xmcx ˛ ]\n,
kzP-\-hn-tcm-[-w,
hn-tZ-i-bm-\-em`w ˛ hntZ-i-bm{XsIm-- p- [\em`w
\r]-`b ˛ cmP`bw
Ielw ˛ hntcm[w,
I^m-\n-em¿Øn ˛ I^-hm-X-tcm-K-߃
(68)
kpe-`-_-lp-[\w XssY-h- lm\nx
kpX-hn-ctlm _lp-Zpx-J-`mIv {]kqXnx
358
]cn-P-\-bp-hXn{]Pm-{]-em]x (1)
iin-\n bZm inJn-Zm-b-a-`yp-t]tX.
4. tIXpZibnse N{μm]lmcw iin-\n inJn-Zm-b-a-`yp-t]tX ˛ tIXpZibnse N{μm]lmcØn¬
kpe-`-_-lp-[\w ˛ {]bm-k-s∏-SmsX Xs∂ hfsc [\w-
e`n-°pw.,
XssY-h- lm\nx ˛ hcp∂ Ffp-∏-Øn¬Xs∂ Ah
t]mIp-Ibpw sNøpw.
kpX-hn-ctlm ˛ ]p{X-hn-clw,
_lp-Zpx-J-`mIv {]kqXnx ˛ hfsc ZpJ-ap-- m-°p∂ a°-fpsS P\\w,
]cn-P-\ -bp-hXn {]Pm- {]-em] ˛ `rXy¿°pw `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw ZpJw
.
(69)
kzIpeP-I-elw kz_-‘p-\mtim
`b-a]n ]∂-KPw hZ¥n tNmcmXv
lpX-h-l-`-b-a{Xi{Xp]oUm
{hPXn IptP [zP-\m-a-tJ-N-cm-bpx.
5. tIXpZibnse IpPm]lmcw {hPXn IptP [zP-\m-a-tJ-N-cm-bpx. ˛ tIXpZibnse IpPm]lmcØn¬
kzP-\-I-elw - ˛ kz¥-°m-cp-ambn hg°v,
kz_-‘p-\mtim ˛ _‘p-°ƒ°p \miw,
`b-a]n ]∂-KPw hZ¥n tNmcm¬ ˛ k¿∏-`-bw, XkvI-c-`bw,
lpX-h-l-`-b- ˛ A·n-`bw,
i{Xp-]oUm ˛ i{Xp-°-fpsS D]-{Zhw
(70)
Acn-KXI-etlm \r]m-·n-tNm-ssc¿˛
`b-a]n ]∂-KPw hZ¥n X⁄mx
Je-P-\-h-N\w Zpcn-jvS-tNjvSm
Xakn KtX f {X inJo-{μ-Zm-b-am-lpx.
6. tIXpZibnse cmlp A]lmcw Xakn KtX A{X inJo-{μ-Zm-b-am-lpx. ˛ tIXpZibnse cmlp A]lmcØn¬
Acn-K-X-I-etlm ˛ i{Xp-°fp-ambn hg°v,
\r] A-·n -tNm-sscx ]∂-KPw `bw- ˛ cmPm-hv, Xo, I≈-∑m¿, k¿∏-߃
Ch-cn¬-\n∂p `bw,
Je-P-\-h-N\w ˛ Zp¿÷-\-ß-fp-ambn hmKzmZw,
Zpcn-jvS-tNjvSm ˛ CjvS-a-√-Ø {]h¿ØnIƒ
(71)
kpX-h-c-P-\\w kptc-{μ-]qPm
[c-Wn-[-\m-]vXn-cp-]m-b-\m-¿-∞-kn≤nx
359
[\-NbP\\w alo-i-am\w
KX-hXn tZh-Kpcu ioJo-{μ-Zm-bw.
7. tIXpZibnse hymgm]lmcw tZh-Kpcu ioJo-{μ-Zm-bw. ˛ tIXpZibnse hymgm]lmcØn¬
kpX-h-c-P-\\w ˛ kXv]p-{X-em`w,
kptc-{μ-]qPm ˛ tZh-]qP,
[c-Wn- [-\ B]vXn ˛ `qan, [\w F∂nh D- mIpw
D-]m-b-\m-¿-∞-kn≤nx ˛ ImgvN-{Z-hy-߃ e`n-°pw
alo-i-am\w ˛ cmP-_-lp-am\w.kn≤n°pw.
(72)
- ]cn-P-\-hn-lXnx ]tcm-]-Xm]w
cn]p-P-\-hn-{K-l-aw-K-`w-KXmw N
[\-]-Z-hn-bpXnw XYm-lp-cmcym
KX-hXn kqcy-kptX inJm-[-cm-bpx.
8. tIXpZibnse i\nA]lmcw kqcy-kptX inJm-[-cm-bpx. ˛ tIXpZibnse i\nA]lmcØn¬
]cn-P-\-hn-lXnx ˛ `rXy-\miw
]tcm-]-Xm]w ˛ henb ZpJ߃
cn]p -P-\ -hn-{K-lw- ˛ i{Xp-°-fp-ambn hg°v
Aw-K-`w-KXmw ˛ AwK-`wKw,
[\ -]-Z-hn- bpXnw ˛ [\w, ÿm\w ChbpsS- \miw
(73)
kpX-h-c-P-\\w {]`p-{]-ikvXnx
£nXn-[-\-kn-≤n-c-co-iz-c-{]-]oUm
]ip-Ir-jn-hn-l-Xn¿`-thØp ]pwkmw
hniXn _pt[ inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-fw.
9. tIXpZibnse _p[m]lmcw _pt[ inJn-h-’-cm-¥-cm-fw. ˛ tIXpZibnse _p[m]lmcØn¬
kpX-h-c-P-\\w ˛ kXv]p-{X-P-\\w,
{]`p-{]-ikvXnx ˛ {]`p-°-∑mcpsS AwKo-Imcw,
£nXn- [-\- kn-≤n ˛ `qan,- [-\-em`w,
A-co-iz-c -{]-]oUm ˛ i{Xp-ieyw,
]ip -Ir-jn -hn-l-Xnx ˛ ]ip-°ƒ, Irjn Chbv°p \miw.
360
9. ip{I-Z-i-bnse A]-lm-c-߃
(74)
hk-\-`q-j-W-hm-l-\-N-μ-\m˛
Zy\p-`hx {]a-Zm-kp-J-kw-]Zx
ZypXn-bp-h(c]n)-£n-Xn-]m-≤-\-e-_v[tbm
`rKp-kptX kzZimw {]hn-iXy-]n.
1. ip{IZibn¬ kzm]lmcw `rKp-kptX kzZimw {]hn-iXn ˛ ip{IZibn¬ kzm]lmcØn¬
hk-\ -`q-j-W -hm-l-\ -N-μ-\mZn A\p-`h ˛ hkv{Xw, B`-c-Ww, hml-\w, Nμ\mZn
hmk\{Zhy߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS A\p-`hw,
{]a-Zm-kp-Jw- ˛ kv{XokpJw
kw-]Zx ˛ kºØv,
ZypXn ˛ tZl-Im¥n,
bp-h-£n-Xn-]m-Xv [-\-e-_v[tbm ˛ bph-cm-Pm-hn¬\n∂pw [\-e_v[n
(75)
\b-\-Ip-£n-I-t]m-e-K-tZm-¤hx
£nXn-]-`o› kZm f ]n(1) ico-cnWmw
Kpcp-Ip-tem-¤-h-_m-‘-h-]o-U\w
`rKp-kp-Xm-bpjn `m\p-aXn ÿntX.
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ £nXn-`rtXm `b-akvXn
2. ip{IZibn¬ kqcym]lmcw `rKp-kp-Xm-bpjn `m\p-aXn ÿntX. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ kqcym]lmcØn¬
\b-\- Ip-£n -I-t]m-e -K-Z D-¤hx ˛ t\{Xw, DZ-cw, Ihnƒ Ch-bv°-kpJw,
£nXn-] -`ox ˛ cmP-`-bw
Kpcp- Ip-e D-¤-h- _m-‘-h- ]o-U\w ˛ Kpcp-P-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw _‘p-°-fn¬\n∂pw
D]-{Zhw
(76)
\J-in-tcm-cZ-\-£-Xn-cp-®ssIx
]h-\-]n-Ø-cp-K¿∞-hn-\m-i\w
{Kl-Wn-Kp-eva-I-b-£va-I-]o-U\w
knX-h-tbm-lrXn X{X lna-Xz-jn.
3 ip{IZibn¬ N{μm]lmcw knX-h-tbm-lrXn lna-Xz-jn. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ N{μm]lmcØn¬
\J -in-c cZ-\- £-Xn-x D®ssIx ˛ \Jw, inc- v, ]√v Chbv°p \miw,
]h-\ -]n-Ø- cp-Kv ˛ hmX]nØ-tcm-K-߃,
A¿∞-hn-\m-i\w ˛ [\-\jvSw,
{Kl-Wn- Kp-eva-I -b-£va-I -]o-U\w ˛ {KlWn, Kp∑≥, £bw Ch-bpsS ieyw.
(77)
361
cp[n-c-]n-Ø-K-Zm¿Øn-k-am-{ibx
I\-I-Xm-{a-N-tbm f h-\n-kw-{Klx
bph-Xn-Zq-j-W-ap-Zy-a-hn-Nyp-Xn¿˛
hrj-`-h-√-`-h-’-ctK IptP.
4. ip{IZibn¬ IpPm]lmcw hrj-`-h-√-`-h-’-ctK IptP. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ IpPm]lmcØn¬
cp[n-c- ]n-Ø -K-Z B¿Øn -k-am-{ibx ˛ c‡ ]nØ tcmK߃
I\-I- Xm-{a -N-tbm Ah-\n-kw-{Klw ˛ kz¿Æw, sNºv, `qan Ch-bpsS kºm-Z\w,
bph-Xn-Zq-j-Ww - ˛ kv{XoIsf Zpjn-°¬
(AhnlnX_‘w )
D-Zy-a-hn-Nyp-Xn ˛ {ia-ß-sf√mw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I.
(78)
\n[n-`-h- p-X-e-_v[n-c-`o-jvS-hmIv
kzP-\-]q-P-\-a-]y-cn-_-‘\w
Zl-\-tNm-c-hn-tjm-¤h ]oU\w
Xpe-[-tc-izc h’-c-tK- f kptc.
5. ip{IZibn¬ cmlpA]lmcw Xpe-[-tc-izc h’-c-tK- Akptc. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ cmlpA]lmcØn¬
\n[n-`-h ˛ \n[nem`w,
kp-X-e-_v[n- ˛ ]p{X-P\\w,
A`o-jvS-hmIv ˛ CjvS-hm-°p-Iƒ,
kzP-\ -]q-P-\w -A-]n ˛ kz¥-°m¿ IqSn _lp-am-\n-°pw.,
A-cn-_-‘\w ˛ i{Xp-°sf Xfbv°pw
Zl-\ -tNm-c -hn-j D¤h ]oU\w ˛ Xo, I≈-∑m¿, hnjw ChbpsS D]-{Zhw
(79)
hnhn-[-[¿Ω-kp-tci \a-kv{Inbm
`hXn Nmfl-P-hm-a-Zr-Km-Kax
hnhn-[-cm-Py-kpJw N ico-cnWmw
Ihn-Z-im-lrXn Im¿Ωp-I-\m-b-tI.
6. ip{IZibn¬ hymgm]lmcw Ihn-Z-im-lrXn Im¿Ωp-I-\m-b-tI. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ hymgm]lmcØn¬
hnhn-[- [¿Ω ˛ ]e-hn[ [m¿ΩnI {]h¿Øn-Iƒ,
kp-tci \a-kv{Inbm ˛ tZh-]qP,
Bfl-P- hm-a-Zr-Iv BKax ˛ hnhm-lw,- ]p-{X-P-\\w,
hnhn-[ -cm-Py -kpJw ˛ cmPy-m[nIm-c-a-S°w ]e- kpJ-t`m-K-ßfpw
e`n°pw.
(80)
\K-c-\m-Y-\r-t]m-¤-h-]q-P\w
{]h-c-tbm-jn-Z-hm-]vXn-c-YmkvXn hm
362
hnhn-[-hn-Ø-]-cn-—-Z-kw-bp-Xn¿˛
±nXn-P-]q-Pn-X-Zm-b-KtX i\u.
7. ip{IZibn¬ i\nA]lmcw ±nXn-P-]q-Pn-X-Zm-b-KtX i\u. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ i\nA]lmcØn¬
\K-c-\m-Y- \r-] D-¤-h -]q-P\w ˛ \K-cm-[n-]≥, cmPmhv XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS BZ-chv,
{]h-c -tbm-jn-X -Ahm-]vXn- ˛ kZvKp-W-h-Xn-bmb `mcysb In´pw,
hnhn-[- hn-Ø -]-cn-—-Z -kw-bp-Xnx ˛ [\hpw a‰p kpJkuIcyßfpw D- mIpw.
(81)-
X\-b-ku-Jy-k-am-K-a-k-ºZmw
\nN-b-e-_v[n-c-Xn-{]-`pXm bix
]h-\-]n-Ø-I-^m¿Øn-c-cn-Nyp-Xn¿˛
±\p-P-a-{¥n-Z-im-lrXn N{μ-tP.
8. ip{IZibn¬ _p[m]lmcw ±\p-P-a-{¥n-Z-im-lrXn N{μ-tP. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ _p[m]lmcØn¬
X\-b- ku-Jy- ˛ ]p{X-kpJw,
k-am-K-a -k-ºZmw ˛ kmº-ØnIm`nhr≤n
A-Xn-{]-`pXm ˛ {]`pXzw,
bix ˛ bi v
v]h-\ -]n-Ø -I-^ B¿Øn ˛ hmX ]nØ I^ {]iv\-߃,
Acn-Nyp-Xn ˛ i{Xp-\miw.
(82)
kpJ-kp-Xm-Zn-_-lnx-ÿn-Xn-a-·nPw
`b-a-Xo-h-X-cm-]-Z-aw-K-cpIv
A]nN hmc-h-[q-P-\-kw-bp-Xnw
inJn\n bmXy-e-au-i-\kow Zimw.
9. ip{IZibn¬ tIXpA]lmcw inJn\n bmXn --Di-\kow Zimw. ˛ ip{IZibn¬ tIXpA]lmcØn¬
kpJ- kp-X B-Zn- _-lnx-ÿn-Xn ˛ kpJw, ]p{X-≥ Ch C√mXmhpI,
A-·nPw `b-w ˛ A·n`bw,
AXo-h -X-c B-]-Z- ˛ henb B]-Øp-Iƒ,
Aw-K-cpIv ˛ imco-cn-Im-kzm-ÿy-߃,
hmc-h-[q-P-\ -kw-bp-Xn ˛ thiymkw-k¿§w.
363
Zim^e{]hN\Øn¬
{i≤nt°- Imcy߃
(83)
Zim-]-lm-tcjp ^ew bZp‡w
h¿Æm-[n-Im-cm-\p-KpWw hZ¥p
Ont{Zjp kq£vta-jz]n XXv^-em-]vXn¿˛
NvOmbm-¶-hm¿Øm-{i-h-Wm\n hm kypx.
Zim-]-lm-tcjp ^ew bZp‡w ˛ Zim-]-lm-c-ß-fn¬ F¥p ^e-amtWm
D‡ambn´p≈Xv,
B ^e-w Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw,
h¿Æ A[n-Im-c A-\p-KpWw hZ¥p ˛ h¿Æw (PmXn), sXmgn¬, KpWw ChIqSn
A\p-k-cn®p ]d-b-Ww.
Ont{Zjp kq£vta-jz]n XXv -em-]vXnx . ˛ On{Zw, kq£vaw Ch-I-fnse
^e{]m]vXnbv°p
Ombm-¶-hm¿Øm-{i-h-Wm\n hm kypx ˛ Omb, AS-bm-fw, hm¿Øm{ihWw Chbpw
]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.
sIm√Øp\n∂pw Fkv. ‰n. sdUym¿ B≥Uv k¨kv {]kn≤oIcn® `mh IpXq
lew Fs∂mcp {KŸap- v. A]lmc^e߃ hnhcn°p∂ Cu 81 t«mIßfpw
AXn¬ CtX ]Sn ImWp∂p- v.
364
A≤ymbw 22 Bbp¿±mbZiIƒ
1. ImeN{IZi 1. ImeN{IZi
2. ImeN{IZi ImWp∂ hn[w
3. \£{X]mZßfn¬ cminIfpsS hn\ymkw
4. khyA]khy\£{X߃
5. ImeN{IZibn¬ {KlßfpsS Zimh¿jw
6. Zim{Iaw
(1) AizXn˛Im¿ØnI KW߃
(2) `cWn KWw
(3) tcmlnWn KWw
(4) aIbncw˛XncphmXnc KW߃
7 ImeN{IZibv°v ASnÿm\amb \mep \£{XKW߃
8. injvSZi ImWp∂ hn[w
9 Zim{IaØnse Nne {]tXyIKXnIƒ
(1) knwlmhtemI\KXn
(2, 3) Aizhc˛afiqI KXnIƒ
10. A]lmc߃ ImWp∂ coXn
11. \£{X]mZ ]cambp v
12. Zim^ew
2. DXv]∂ B[m\ almZiIƒ
3. \nk¿§Zi
4. AwiIZi 1. AwiIZi ImWp∂ hn[w
2. AwiIZi -˛ KWnXw
3. h{IØnepw D®Ønepw a‰pw \n¬ --°p∂ {KlßfpsS
Zimh¿j
Øn¬ hcp∂ h¿≤\
4. \oNauVylcWw
5. Zriym¿≤lcWw
365
6. i{Xpt£{XlcWw
7. e·mbp v
5. ]nfiZi ( D®\oNZi) 1. ]nfiZimh¿j߃
2. lcW߃
3. {IqtcmZblcWw
4. e·Zi
5. \oNlcWw hy‡am°p∂p
6. A`n{]mbw
6. Pohi¿ΩZi
7. ]pcpjmbp v F{X?
8. Zim{Iaw
9. Cu ZiIƒ Nn¥nt°- sXt∏mƒ
10. ]cambp v
11. ]cambp v B¿°p In´pw ?
1. ImeN{IZi
tlmcmimkv{XØnse Ggma≤ymbw Bbp¿±mbsØ°pdn®p≈XmWv. D®\oNZi,
Pohi¿ΩobZi, AwiIZi F∂o aq∂v Bbp¿±mbZiIƒ AhnsS hnhcn°p∂p- v.
^eZo]nI Ccp]Ønc- mw A≤ymbØnepw Cu hnjbamWv ssIImcyw
sNøp∂Xv. ImeN{IZi (t«mIw 1˛15), D¬∏∂mZm\almZiIƒ (t«mIw 16), \nk¿§
Zi (17), AwiIZi (t«mIw 18˛20), D®\oNZi (t«mIw 21˛24), Pohi¿ΩobZi
(t«mIw 25) F∂nßs\ Bdp ZiIfmWv ChnsS Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ hnhcn°p∂Xv.
Chbn¬ ImeN{IZibmWv {]XyI]cnKW\tbmsS BZyw hnhcn°p∂Xv. tIcfØnse
PmXIßfn¬ ASpØ Imewhsc hnwtimØcn°papºv ImeN{IZi FgpXp∂ ]Xnhp
- mbncp∂p.
1. ImeN{IZi
hnwtimØcnZibnset∏mse ImeN{IZibnepw ZiIƒ IW°m°p∂Xv
\£{Xßsf ASnÿm\am°nbmWv. F∂m¬ hnwtimØcnbn¬ N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂
\£{XamWv BZyZibpw injvSZibpw \n›bn°p∂sX¶n¬ ImeN{IZibn¬
Chbv°Snÿm\w N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ \£{X]mZamWv.
cmiym[n]cmWv ImeN{IZibnse Zim\mY∑m¿. taSØn\p IpP≥, CShØn\p
ip{I≥, anYp\Øn\p _p[≥ F∂ {IaØn¬ --Xs∂bmWv CXp hcp∂Xv.
366
^eZo]nI sIm√w]Xn∏n¬ ImeN{IZisb°pdn®p ]Øp t«mIßtf ImWp∂p
≈q. DØtc¥y≥ ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ]Xn\©p t«mIßfp- v; sImSpß√p¿ ]Xn∏n¬
]Xnt\gp t«mIßfpw. .Cu hnjbØn¬ PmXI]mcnPmXØn¬ ^e`mKhpw hniZmwi
ßfpw AS°w 112 t«mIßfp- v. Cu A≤ymbØnse hnjbw Bbp¿KWnXambXn
\m¬ AXn\v Bhiyamb KWnX`mKw am{Xta ^eZo]nIbpsS I¿Ømhv ChnsS hnhcn
°p∂p≈q.
2 ImeN{IZi ImWp∂ hn[w: : 1. BZyambn P\\kabsØ \£{X]mZw ImWpI.
2. \£{X]mZwsh®v P\\kabsØ cminZi ImWpI.
cmin\mY≥Xs∂bmWv Zim\mY≥.
144 ZiIfn¬ GXp ZibnemWv P\\w hcp∂sX∂p ImWm≥ 3 apX¬ -- 7 hsc
t«mIßfn¬ -- Bhiyamb hnhc߃ Xcp∂p- v. CXpsh®vv GXp cminZibn¬ BWv
P\\sa∂pw Zimh¿jw F{XbmsW∂pw Ffp∏Øn¬ Is- Ømw.
(1)
Z{kmZnXx ]mZhti\ tajm˛
∑o\mwiIm¥w {Iatim f ]khyw (1)
IoSm≤bm¥w KWtb® khy˛
am¿tKW(2) ]mZ{Iatim f PXmcm¬.
]mTt`Zw : (1) {IatimY Z£X 4
(2) hmaam¿t§W 4
3. \£{X]mZßfn¬ cminZiIfpsS hn\ymkw
( tajmXv ao\mwiIm¥hpw IoSm≤bm¥hpw )
1. A]khyw ˛ A]khyamb
Z{kmZnXx ˛ AizXn apXemb \£{XßfpsS
(AizXn, `mcWn, Im¿ØnI KWßfpsS)
]mZhti\ ˛ ]mZ߃°\pkrXambn.
tajmXv ao\mwiIm¥w {Iaix taSw apX¬ ao\whscbp≈ cminIƒ
{IaØnepw
IoSm≤bm¥w ˛ hr›nIwapX¬°p [\phscbp≈ cminIƒ
]ndtIm´pw F∂ {IaØn¬
KWtbXv N ˛ ZiIƒ KWn°Ww.
2. khyam¿tKW ˛ khyamb
APXmcm¬ ˛ tcmlnWnapXemb \£{XßfpsS ImcyØnepw
(tcmlnWn, aIbncw, XncphmXnc KW߃)
. ]mZ{Iatim - ˛ -----Cßs\ ]mZ{IaØn¬ ZiIƒ KWn°Ww.
(AhnsScminIfpsS{Iaw CXn\p hn]coXamWv.)
367
Hcp \£{XØn\v \mep ]mZ߃. Hcp ]mZØn\v HºXp ZiIƒ. CXp {]Imcw
Hcp \£{XØn\v 36 ZiIƒ hcpw. 36 ZiIƒ h´saØm≥ ]{¥- p cminIƒ aq∂p
h´w Bh¿Øn®p hcWw. CXn¬ BZysØ ]{¥s- Æw taSw apX¬ ao\w hsc
F∂p km[mcW{IaØnepw ]ns∂ ]{¥s- Æw hr›nIw apX¬ -- [\phsc F∂p
hn]coX {IaØnepw ASpØ ]{¥s- Æw taSwapX¬ ao\whsc F∂ km[mcW
{IaØnepw Bh¿Øn®phcpw.
(CXp hy‡ambn a\ nemIm≥ t«mI߃ 5˛9 IqSn ImWWw).
4. A]khy khy\£{X߃
( Z{kmZnX.....APXmcmXv )
A]khyw (heXv) khyw (CSXv) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
1. AizXn 2. `cWn 3. Im¿ØnI 4.tcmlnWn 5.aIbncw 6.XncphmXnc
7. ]pW¿Xw 8. ]qbw 9. Bbneyw 10. aIw 11. ]qcw 12. D{Xw
13. AØw 14. Nn{X 15. tNmXn 16. hnimJw 17.A\ngw 18. Xrt°´
19. aqew 20. ]qcmSw 21. D{XmSw 22.Xn.thmWw 23. Ahn´w 24. NXbw
25. ]qcqcp´mXn 26. D{X´mXn 27. tchXn
(2)
Ghw `qbm®m]khyw N khyw
`m\n {XoWn ({XoWn) hnZymXv{ItaW
X{Zmioit{]m‡h¿ssj¿Zim kym˛
tZhw {]mlpx ImeNt{I alm¥x.
Ghw `qbmXv N A]khyw N khyw ... ˛ C{]Imcw A]khyhpw khyhpamb
\£{X߃
`m\n {XoWn ({XoWn) hnZymXv{ItaW... (ta¬∏d™Xpt]mse) apΩq∂p hoXap≈
\£{XKWßfmIp∂p
XXv cmioi t{]m‡ h¿ssj Zim kymXv˛(AhbpsS ]mZ߃°\pkcn®p hcp∂)
AhbpsS Zimh¿j߃.
apIfn¬ ]d™ Bdp \£{XKWfn¬ AizXn, `cWn, Im¿ØnIbpw Ahbv°p
Xmsgbp≈hbpw Hcp hn`mKhpw (A]khyw) tcmlnWn, aIbncw, XncphmXncbpw
Ahbv°p Xmsgbp≈hbpw as‰mcp hn`mKhpw (khyw) BWv. F∂m¬,
\£{XKW߃ BsdÆaps- ¶nepw ImeN{IZibn¬ AizXn, `cWn, tcmlnWn,
aIbncw F∂nßs\ \mep KW߃t° cminZimhn\ymkw hcp∂p≈p. (C°mcyw
t«mIw Ggn¬ hy‡am°p∂p- v.) AXpsIm- v, Hcp \£{XØn\v \mep ]mZ߃
sh®v 27 \£{X߃°v 108 ]mZßfps- ¶nepw ChnsS ZibpsS ImcyØn¬ 4 KWw $
4 ]mZw = 16 ]mZßtf ]cnKWn°p∂p≈p. F∂m¬ Cu 16 ]mZ߃°pw HºXphoXw
{KlßfpsS Zi hcp∂p- v. AXns‚ {Iahpw {KlßfpsS Zimh¿jhpamWv C\n
]dbp∂Xv.
368
(3)
a\px ]cx k\n¿[\n¿\r]kvXt]m ht\ {IamXv
ZnhmIcmZn h’cmx ip`mip`m]vXntlXhx.
5. ImeN{IZibn¬ {KlßfpsS Zimh¿j߃
cmin Nnßw I¿°Sw taSw& anYp\w& [\p& CShw& aIcw&
hr›nIw I∂n ao\w Xpemw Ipw`w
cmiym[n] c N Ip _p Kp ip a
a\p ]c k\n [\n \r] X] h\
50 12 70 09 01 61 40
5 21 7 9 10 16 4
{IamXv ˛ Cßs\ {IaØn¬ --
ZnhmIcmZn h’cmx ˛ kqcy≥ XpSßnbhcpsS Zimh¿jw
BIp∂p.
ip`mip`m]vXntlXhx ˛ (Ah)ip`hpw Aip`hpw Bb ^e߃°v
tlXphmIp∂p.
(IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJy A\p_‘ambn sISpØn´p- v.)
(4)
Zim]lmcmZnIImeNt{I
hmIym\n Z{kmZn]ZmZnPm\n
h£yman h¿ssÆ¿∂h`n¿`amss\˛
cmioih¿ssjx ]cambpc{X.
Z{kmZn ]ZmZnPm\n ˛ AizXn apXemb \£{XßfpsS
]mZßfpsS.
Zim]lmcmZnI cminNt{I ˛ ImeN{IZibnse ZiIfpw A]lmcßfpw.
hmIym\n ˛ hm°pIfn¬,
h¿ssÆ \h`nx ˛ HºXp h¿Æßfn¬, A£ckwJyIfn¬.
h£yman ˛ Rm≥ ]dbp∂p.
AizXn XpSßnb \£{XßfpsS ]mZ߃°v \n›bn®n´p≈ HºXp hoXap≈
cminIsf IS]bmZn A£ckwJyIfn¬ hnhcn°p∂p.
\mep \£{XKW߃. Hmtcm∂n\pw \mep ]mZ߃. Hcp ]mZØns‚
Iogn¬ 9 cminIƒ. AXmbXv Hcp \£{XKWØn\v BsI 36 cminIƒ thWw. CXp
icnbm°m≥ taSwapX¬°v ao\whscbp≈ ]{¥- p cminIƒ aq∂ph´w Bh¿Øn®p
hcWw. Cu Bh¿Ø\w c- p hn[ØnemWv. BZyw taSwapX¬ ao\w hsc {IaØn¬.
]n∂oSv hr›nIw apX¬ [\phsc ]ndtIm´v. (cminIƒ : 1 ˛ taSw, 2 CShw F∂
{IaØn¬)
369
(5)
]ucw Kmthm anX kwZnKv[w \£t{Xμpx k Xp `qiqew
cqt]{X£∂n[tbmcwtK hmWo Nÿw Z[n\£{X
(6)
ZmkXthtim Kuco]p{Xw £∂n[nImtcm tKm`qtijw
kuZ[n\£t{Xlmkt¥m `uaKpcpx ]p{Xmt£m\m[n.
6. \£{X{Kq∏pIfpsS ImeN{IZim{Iaw A£ckwJyIfn¬ --
(1, 2) AizXn , Im¿ØnI KW߃ ]u cw Km thm an X kw Zn Kv[w
]mZw 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
\ £ t{X μp k Xp `q iq ew
]mZw 2 10 11 12 8 7 6 4* 5 3
cq t] {X £ ∂n [ tbm cw tK
]mZw 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 1 2 3
hm Wo N ÿw Z [n \ £ {Xw
]mZw 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(3) `cWn KWw Zm k X th tim Ku co ]p {X
]mZw 1 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1 12
£ ∂n [n Im tcm tKm `q ti jw
]mZw 2 11 10 9 1 2 3 4 5 6
k Z [n \ £ t{X lm k t¥m
]mZw 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 8 7 6 `u a Kp cp ]p {Xm t£m \m [n.
]mZw 4 4 5 3 2 1 12 11 10 9
(7)
hmIymt\yXm\yiznbmay¿£tbm¿tbm˛
\yizn\ymZym\y·n`kym]kthy
kthyftPtμzm¿h£yamtWjp hmtIy˛
jzntμm¿hmIymt\yh cu{Zky `qbx.
1hmIym\n GXm\n ˛ Cu hmIy߃.
Aizn bman E£tbm ˛ AizXn, `cWn \£{XßfpsS
(AizXn˛`cWn {Kq∏pIfpsS) \mep ]mZßfpsS cminIƒ (Zim{Iaw) BIp∂p.
370
Aizn\ymZym\n A·n`ky A]kthy
˛ A]khy\£{Xßfn¬AizXn XpSßnbhbpsS (AizXn{Kq∏ns‚)hmIy
߃ Xs∂bmWv Im¿ØnI {Kq∏nt‚Xpw.
kthy AtPtμzm
˛ khy\£{Xßfn¬ tcmlnWn, aIbnc \£{X߃°p (tcmlnWn˛aIbnc
{Kq∏pIƒ°p)
h£yamtWjp hmtIyjp ˛ C\n ]dbm≥ t]mIp∂ hmIyßfn¬
Ctμm hmIym\n Gh ˛ aIbncØns‚ hmIy߃Xs∂
cu{Zky `pb ˛ XncphmXncbv°pw hcp∂p.
tcmlnWn, aIbncw {Kq∏pIfpsS ]mZßfpsS cminIƒ Xmsg ]dbp∂p.. CXn¬
aIbncw{Kq∏n\pw XncphmXnc{Kq∏n\pw Htc hmIy߃Xs∂bmIp∂p.
(8)
t[\px t£t{X ]pctKm ip`p˛
kvXmkmw P{Xp £∂n[n Zmko
N¿amt`mKo cmb[n\m£˛
kv{Xn ]ucmwtKm inhXo¿∞m_vtP.
(4) tcmlnWn KWw t[ \px t£ t{X ]p c tKm iw `p
]mZw 1 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 5 4
kvXm kmw P {Xp £ ∂n [n Zm ko
]mZw 2 6 7 8 12 11 10 9 8 7
N¿ am t`m Ko cm b [n \m £
]mZw 3 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 10 11
kv{Xn ]u cmw tKm in h Xo¿ ∞m _vtP.
]mZw 4 12 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8
(9)
{X£\n[n¿Zm kqNoiwt`m
Kucb[o \£{Xw ]mcw
tKmioh Xo¿tY Zm{Xo£˛
t∂m [olknXmwip¿t`mKo caym.
(5, 6) aIbncw, XncphmXnc KW߃
{X £ \n [n¿ Zm kq No iw t`m
]mZw 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
371
Ku c b [o \ £ {Xw ]m cw
]mZw 2 3 2 1 9 10 11 12 1 2
tKm io h \o¿ tY Zm {Xn £ t∂m
]mZw 3 3 5 4 6 7 8 12 11 10 [o l kn Xmw ip¿ t`m Ko c aym.
]mZw 4 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
7. ImeN{IZibpsS ASnÿm\amb \£{X KW߃
(Npcp°Øn¬ --)
(1 (2) (3) (4)
AizXn `cWn tcmlnWn aIbncw
Im¿ØnI ]qbw aIw XncphmXnc
Bbneyw ]qcmSw XncpthmWw D{Xw
AØw D{X´mXn ˛ A\ngw
tNmXn ˛ ˛ XrtI´
aqew ˛ ˛ Ahn´w
˛ ˛
(10)
\£{X]mssZjyLSokap∞m
]q¿hm Zim XXv]Xnh¿jPmXm
]q¿thm‡]mZ{Iatim f {X hnZymXv
tIjmwNntZhw aXamlpcmcymx.
\£{X]mssZ LSokap∞m ˛ P\\kabsØ \£{X]mZØnse \mgnI
sh®,v N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ \£{X]mZØns‚
_m°n sh®v,
]q¿hm Zim XXv ]Xn h¿jPmXm ˛ BZysØ cminZi, injvSZi, B cmiym[n
]s‚ Zimh¿jØn¬ ImWWw.
]q¿thm‡]mZ{Iaix ˛ t\csØ ]d™ ]mZ{IaØn¬ XpS¿∂p≈
ZiIfpw ImWWw.
tIjm©ntZhw aXamlp Bcym ˛ CXmWv BNmcy∑mcpsS A`n{]mbw
8. injvSZi ImWp∂ coXn DZmlcWwPmXIw. tcmlnWn
\£{Xw tcmlnWn . \£{X KXw 47˛28 1/ 2 . \memw]mZw
\£{X]mZw: \memw]mZw
Zimcmin ao\w. Zim\mY≥ Kpcp. Zimh¿jw 10 h¿jw
372
{Inb \£{XssZ¿Lyw 60 \mgnI. \£{XKXw 47˛281/
2
_m°n (60 ˛˛ 47 1/2) = 12˛301/2 _m°n
10 $ 12˛301/2 = 10 $ 12 $ 30 = 3600 $ 7515
= 8.35 h¿jw
4. 2 amkw
6 Znhkw
P\\injvSZi 8 h¿jw 4 amkw 6 Znhkw Qjm[n] KpcpZim.
\£{Xw 60 \mgnI F∂ IW°v CS°meØpsh®p amdnbXn\m¬ Ct∏mƒ
Hmtcm ZnhktØbpw \£{X\mgnI {]tXyIw t\mt° - Xp- v.]mcºcycoXnbnse
kabm[njvTnXamb KWnXØnte Cu _p≤nap´p≈p. ÿem[njvTnXamb B[p\nI
KWnXØn¬ N{μkv^pSwsh®v Cu {Inb Ffp∏w sNømw.
. DZmlcWw˛˛
N{μkv^pSw 1˛20˛33 = 50˛33
AXp hcp∂ \£{X]mZw = 50˛00 ˛˛ 53˛20 (tcmlnWn \memw ]mZw)
Zimcminbpw Zim\mY\pw = ao\w. Kpcp. 10 h¿jw
\£{X]mZØn¬ _m°n
53˛20 ˛˛ 50˛33 = 2˛47 3˛20 = 10
2˛47 ? 10 $ 167 = 8.35 h¿jw = 8 h¿jw 4 amkw 6 Znhkw
200
Cu KWnXw IqSpX¬ Ffp∏Øn¬ sNøm≥ tS_nfpw e`yamWv.
XpS¿∂p≈ ZiIƒ ImWp∂ coXn
DZmlcWw tcmlnWn {Kq∏v ]mZw 4
12 1 2 3 5* 4 6 7 8
ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w Nnß I¿°Sw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw
Kp Ip ip _p c N _p ip Ip
8˛4˛6 7 16 9 5 21 9 16 7
(11)
Z{kmZn]mZ{]`rXo\n `m\mw
hmIym\n bm\y£c]w‡nPm\n
tXjmw {ItassWh Zim {]Iev]ym
hmIy{Iaw km[znXn tINnZmlpx
Z{kmZn]mZ{]`rXo\n `m\mw ˛ AizXn XpSßnb \£{XßfpsS ]mZ߃°p
hmIym\n bm\n A£c]w‡nPm\n ˛ A£ckwJyIfn¬ ]d™n´p≈
tXjmw {ItassWh Zim {]Iev]ym ˛ {IaØn¬ ZiIƒ ]dbWw.
373
hmIy{Iaw km[p CXn ˛ hmIy{IaamWv km[phmbn´p≈Xv F∂p
tINnZmlpx.. ˛ Nne¿ ]dbp∂p .
(12)
hmIy{Ita I¿Iyfnao\k‘u
afiqIKXyizhcπpXn›
knwlmhtemIkv{Xnhn[m XZm\ow
Zim¥cw ZpJ^e{]Zw kymXv.
9 Zim{IaØnse Nne {]tXyI cminKXnIƒ
(afiqI XpcK knwlmhtemI\ KXnIƒ)
hmIy{Ita ˛ hmIy{IaØn¬.
I¿°n Afn ao\ k‘u
˛ I¿°nSw, hr›nIw, ao\w ChIfpsS k‘nIfn¬.(km[mcW A\ptema ˛{]Xn
temaKXnIƒ°p ]pdsa Zimcmin Iƒ°v)
afiqIKXn AizhcπpXn N knwlmhtemIx {Xnhn[m -
˛ afiqIKXn, XpcKKXn, knwlmhtemI\w
F∂o aq∂p Xcw {]tXyI KXnIƒIqSn D- v.
XZm\ow Zim¥cw ZpJ^e{]Zw kymXv ˛ AØcw ZiIƒ tZmj^ew sNøpw.
(1) knwlmhtemI\KXn
AizXn {Kq∏n¬, taSwapX¬ ao\whscbp≈ ]{¥- p cminIfpsS Hcp
]cnhrØn ]q¿Ønbm°n, ASpØ ]{¥- p cminIfpsS ]cnhrØn Bcw`n°p∂Xv
hr›nI ØnemWt√m. ao\Øn¬\n∂pw hr›nIØntebv°p ≈ Cu Nm´amWv
knwlKXn. CXp t]mse ]{¥- p cminIfpsS Hcp ]cnhrØn ]q¿Ønbm°n ASpØXv
Bcw`n°ptºm sg√mw knwlKXn Bh¿Øn°p∂Xmbn ImWmw. knwlKXn˛˛
(1) knwlKXn.
\£{X{Kq∏v ]mZw ]mZw AizXn 2 ao\w˛hr›nIw, 3 [\p˛taSw
`cWn 2 [\p˛taSw, 3 ao\w˛hr›nIw
tcmlnWn 2 hr›nIw˛ao\w. 3 taSw ˛[\p
aIbncw 2 taSw˛[\p, 3 hr›nIw˛ao\w
DZmlcWw
]mZw 2 10 11 12 8 7 6 4 5 3
]mZw 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 1 2 3
374
(2, 3) Aizhc (a¿°So) afiqI KXnIƒ 1. H‰ cminIƒ am{Xap≈ I¿°SI˛NnßßfnemWv Cu KXnIƒ hcp∂Xv.
2. AizXn˛`cWn {Kq∏pIfn¬ cmin{Iaw ]ndtIm´p t]mIptºmgpw
tcmlnWn˛aIbnc{Kq∏pIfn¬ apt∂m´v t]mIptºmgpamWv Cu c- p
KXnIfp- mhpI.
3. ImeN{IZibn¬ Zim{Iaw Hcp cminsb adnIS∂v (NmSn°S∂v) ASpØ
cminbntebv°p t]mIp∂XmWv afiqInZi.
4. Cßs\ NmSn°S∂ Zi ho- pw ]ndtIm´p h∂p ]gb KXn XpScp∂XmWv
a¿°SoZi.
DZmlcWw cminIƒ
1. AizXn {Kq∏v ]mZw 2 6˛4˛5
2. `cWn {Kq∏v ]mZw 1 6˛4˛5
3. tcmlnWn{Kq∏v]mZw 1 3˛5˛4
]mZw 4 3˛5˛4
4. aIbncw {Kq∏v]mZw 3 3˛5˛4 --sImSpß√p¿ ]Xn∏n¬ Cu aq∂p {]tXyI KXnIsf hnhcn°p∂ c- p t«mI
߃IqSn ImWp∂p- .v. XmXv]cyw CXpXs∂.
(13)
XZzmIyh¿W{Iatim f ]lmc˛
h¿jmltX XXv]cambpcm]vtX
XZm Zimbma]lmch¿j
kwJym› amkmμnhkm≥ htZbpx.
10. A]lmc߃ ImWp∂ coXn Zimh¿jsØ A]lmc\mYs‚ h¿jwsIm- p KpWn®v ]cambp psIm- p
lcn®m¬ -- A]lmcImew In´pw.h¿jw Ign™p hcp∂Xns\ ]{¥- psIm- p
s]cp°nbm¬ amkhpw, amkw Ign™phcp∂Xns\ ap∏XpsIm- p s]cp°nbm¬
Znhkhpw In´pw. ]cambp ns\∏‰n ]dbp∂Xv ASpØ t«mIØnemWv.
(14)
hmtIyjp bmhOcZmw {]amWw
hZ¥n XmhXv ]cambpc{X
tajmZ\oIw aZ\w KtP\
Xpμx ]p\ss›hapZocnXw XXv.
11. \£{X]mZ ]cambp v
hmtIyjp....
˛ (Xmsg) hmIyßfn¬ {]amWambn ]d™n´p≈ h¿jßfmWv Hmtcm
\£{X]mZØns‚bpw ]cambp v.
375
tajmXv ˛ taSw XpSßnb cminIƒ°v
A\oIw aZ\w KtP\ Xpμx
001 58 38 68
= 100 85 83 86
Cu {Iaw AizXn, `cWn {Kq∏pIfptSXmWv.
]p\x N Ghw DZocnXw XXv ˛ tcmlnWn, aIbncw {Kq∏pIƒ°v CXp
hn]coXambn hcpw.
\£{X]mZw \£{X{Kq∏pIƒ \£{X{Kq∏pIƒ AizXn˛`cWn tcmlnWn˛aIbncw
Im¿ØnI XncphmXnc
]mZw 1 100 86
]mZw 2 85 83
]mZw 3 83 85
]mZw 4 86 100
Hcp \£{X]mZØns‚ Zimcw`w km[mcW KXnbn¬ -- cminIfpsS CSbv°mWp
hcpI. AXp ImcWw ]cambp v XnIbmsX hcpw. At∏mƒ ASpØ ]mZØns‚
Zim{IaØnse BZycminsb XpS¿® cminbmbn FSp°Ww. AtX \£{X]mZØns‚
cminIƒ Bh¿Øn®p hcpw F∂ A`n{]bhpw \nehnep- v.
12 Zim^ew
(15)
almZimkp bXv^ew {]Io¿XnXw abm ]pcm
XtZh tbmPtbXv _pt[m Zimwkp ssNhamZnjp.
almZimkp ˛ hnwtimØcnZib°v (19, 20, 21 A≤ymbßfn¬)
bXv ^ew ˛ bmsXmcp ^eamtWm,
{]Io¿ØnXw abm ]pcm ˛ F∂m¬ t\csØ ]dbs∏´Xv,
XXv Gh ˛ AXpXs∂,
Zimwkp N Ghw BZnjp ˛ Cu ZiIƒ°pw,
tbmPtbXv ˛ tbmPn∏n®p ]dbWw.
ImeN{IZimk{ºZmbØnse Bbp¿KWnX`mKØns‚ Hcp kw{Klw am{XamWvv
ChnsS \¬Inbn´p≈Xv. hnkvXcn® ^e{]hN\Øn\v hnwtimØcnZibv°p ]d™
^e߃ tN¿Øp Nn¥n°mhp∂XmWv.
IqSpX¬ -- hnhc߃°pw hnkvXcn® ^e`mKØn\pw PmXI]mcnPmXw, {io
apØpkzmanbpsS ImeN{IZi XpSßnb {KŸßƒ klmbn°pw.
(ImeN{IZibnse Zim\mY]´nI A\n_‘w 3˛¬ sImSpØn´p- v.)
376
2. DXv]∂ B[m\ almZiIƒ
(\£{XZiIƒ)
(16)
P∑¿£mXv ]cXkvXp ]©a`hm f tYmXv]∂ kw⁄m Zim
kymZm[m\Zim f ]ytXm f jvSa`hmXv t£am∑lmJym Zim
Bkmtah Zimhkm\katb arXyp{]Zm kym∂rWmw
kz¬]m\¬]kambpjmw(1) {Xnh[]©¿t£ Zimbm¥nta.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ km¬]w Zo¿Lkambpjmw
1. P∑¿£mXv ]cXkvXp ˛ P∑\£{XØn¬\n∂pw
]©a `hmXv D¬∏∂kw⁄m Zim ˛ A©masØ \£{XØns‚ Zi
D¬∏∂ F∂p t]cmb ZibmIp∂p.
2. B[m\Zim AjvSa`hmXv ˛ F´mw \£{XØns‚ Zi B[m\Zi.
3. t£amXv almJym Zim. ˛ t£aw ˛ kpJw ˛ \mev.
\memw \£{XØns‚ Zi almZi.
4. Zimhkm\katb arXyp{]Zx kymXv \rWmw
˛ Cu ZiIfpsS Ahkm\ kabw (Zimk‘nIƒ) a\pjy¿°p amcIamWv.
5. kz¬] A\¬] ka Bbpjmw
˛ A¬∏mbp v, Zo¿Lmbp v, a≤ymbp v F∂nßs\bp≈ aq∂v Bbp¿KW
Øn¬s∏´h¿°v
. {Xn h[ ]©¿t£ Zimbm¥nta.
˛ ({IaØn¬) aq∂v, Ggv, A©v F∂o \£{XßfpsS ZiIfpsS A¥yw
arXyp{]ZamWv.
\£{X Bbp¿±iIƒ
\£{X߃ 5 8 4 3 7 5
t]cv D¬∏∂ B[m\ alm A¬∏ Zo¿L a≤y
3. \nk¿§Zi
(17)
GIw tZz \hhnwiXn¿[rXnIrXnx ]©mitZjmw {Iam˛
®{μmtcμpPip{IPohZn\Irss±hmIcoWmw kamx
sskz sskzx (1) ]pjvS^em \nk¿KP\nssXx ]w‡n¿Zimbmx {Iam˛
Zt¥ e·Zim ipt`Xn bh\m t\—¥n tINnØYm.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ tkz tkz
GI tZz \h hnwiXnx [rXn IrXnx ]©miXv GXmx {IamXv
1 2 9 20 18 20 50 = (120) Cu {IaØn¬
N{μ Bc CμpP ip{I Poh Zn\IrXv ZnhmIcoWmw
N Ip _p ip Kp c a ˛ XpSßnbhcpsS
377
kamx ˛ (Zim) h¿j߃ BIp∂p.
tkz tkz ]pjvS^em\n.... ˛ Zim\mY∑m¿°p _eaps- ¶n¬ Ah
chcpsS Zibn¬ ip`^e߃
D- mIpw.
At¥y e·Zim ipt`Xn bh\m ˛ e·ZibpsS Ahkm\`mKw ip`sa∂mWv
bh\mNmcycpsS A`n{]mbw.
\ C—¥n tINnXv XYm ˛ Nne¿ CXnt\mSp tbmPn°p∂n√.
\nk¿§ZiIƒ {Klw Zimh¿jw hb v (h¿jw)
N{μ≥ 1 1
IpP≥ 2 2˛3
_p[≥ 9 4˛12
ip{I≥ 20 13˛32
Kpcp 18 33˛50
chn 20 51˛70
aμ≥ 50 71˛120
e·Zi .... 5 Znhkw
BsI 120 h¿jw 5 Znhkw
\nk¿§Zimh¿jhpw Zim{Iahpw F√mh¿°pw Hcpt]msebmWv.
Cu Zimh¿j߃ ]q¿Æ_eap≈ AYhm ]ctam®∑mcmb {Kl߃
°p≈XmWv. AXp{]Imcw {Klw \oNØnemsW¶n¬ Zimh¿jw CXns‚ ]IpXntb
hcq. Nne Ipdbv° epIƒ (lcW߃) IqSn sNøm\p- v. AXp sNbvXm¬
Pohi¿ΩZit]mse hcpw. e·Øn¬ IpP≥ \n∂m¬ apgph≥ Bbp pw t]mIpw.
N{μ≥ \n∂m¬ ]Ønsem∂p t]mIpw.
Zn√n ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ChnsS sNdnb hyXymkw ImWp∂p- v. e·Zi A¥yØn¬
ip`amIpsa∂Xn\p ]Icw i\nbpsS AºXp h¿jØn¬ e·Øns‚ ZiIqSn
Dƒs∏Sp∂psh∂ ImcyamWv bh\mNmcycpsS A`n{]mbambn sImSpØn´p≈Xv.
AsX¥mbmepw, a‰p ]e {KŸßfnepw CØcw ZiIfn¬ ˛˛ \nk¿§Zi, D®\oNZi
(]nfiZi), Pohi¿ΩobZi XpSßnbhIfn¬ ˛˛ {KlßfpsS Zimh¿jw
]dbp∂nSØv e·Øns‚ Zimh¿jw ImWp∂ coXnIqSn sImSpØn´p- v.
4. AwiIZi Bbp¿±mbKWnXØnse Hcp {][m\ZibmWv AwiZi. hcmlanlnc≥ hfsc
_lpam\n®ncp∂ kXymNmcycptSXmWv Cu Zi. tlmcm imkv{XØn¬ Ggmw A≤ymb
Øn¬ (t«mIw 9 apX¬ 13 hsc) AwiIZi hnkvXcn®p ]dbp∂p- v.
kqcyN{μ∑mtc°mƒ e·m[n]\p _eaps- ¶n¬ Cu ZimcoXnbmWp tbmPn°pI
F∂mWv A`n{]mbw.
378
(18)
en]vXoIrXy `tPXv {Klw JL\ss\kvX—njvSambpjvIem
BimJmiznlrXm_vZamkZnhkmx ktXymZntXw f imbpjn
h{InWyp®KtX {XnkwKpWanZw kzmwi{Xn`mtKmØta
ZznLv\w \oNKtX f ¿[a]yY Zfw autVy knXm¿°o hn\m.
1. AwiIZi ImWp∂ hn[w
1. en]vXoIrXy `tPXv {Klw JL\ss\kvX—njvSambpjvIem.....
ktXymZntX Awimbpjn ˛ kXymNmcy≥ ]d™ AwiIZibn¬
{Klw ˛ {Klkv^pSsØ.
en]vXoIrXy ˛ IeIfm°n.
`tPXv JL\ss\.
J L \ ss\
2 4 0 0 = 2400 sIm- p lcn®m¬
XXv injvSambpjvIem ˛ In´p∂. injvSw (lcW^ea√, _m°n
hcp∂ kwJy) IeIfnep≈ Bbp mIp∂p
2 BimJmizn (BImimizn) lrXm_vZamkZnhkmx ktXymZntXw f imbpjn
˛ ta¬∏d™ IeIfnep≈ Bbp ns\
(1) 200 sIm- p lcn®m¬ h¿jhpw
(2) _m°nsb 12 sIm- p KpWn®v 200 sIm- p lcn®m¬ amkhpw
(3) AXn¬ _m°n h∂Xns\ 30 sIm- p KpWn®v 200sIm- p lcn®m¬
Znhkhpw In´pw.
(Cßs\ F√m {KlßfptSbpw Bbp¿h¿jw ImWWw.)
tlmcbnse{Kl`p‡\hmwicminXpeyw.... F∂ hmIya\pkcn®v AwiIZibn¬
Hmtcm {Klhpw \¬Ip∂ Bb v B {Klw `pPn® (]n∂n´) \hmwiIØn\p Xpey
amWv. Hcp \hmwiØn\v Hcp h¿jw F∂XmWv IW°v. Hcp \hmwiw -= 3--˛20 = 200 ”.
200 (\hmwiw) sIm- pw 12 (cminN{Iw) sIm- pap≈ c- p lcWßsf
tN¿ØmWv ^eZ]nIbn¬ 2400˛sIm- p lcn°Wsa∂p ]d™ncn°p∂Xv.
{Klkv^pSØn¬ F{X \hmwißfp- v F∂dnbm\mWv 200 sIm- p lcn°p∂Xv.
Hcp \hmwiafiesØ AYhm AwiIN{IsØbmWv 12 kqNn∏n°p∂Xv.
H∂ne[nIap≈ afießsf IeIfnep≈ {Klkv^pSØn¬\n∂pw \o°m\mWv CXv.
AXns‚ Xm¬∏cyanXmWv. 200 IeIƒ hoXap≈ 12 AwiI߃ tNcptºmƒ Hcp
afieamIpw. (3˛20 $ 12 = 40 `mK). 360 `mKbp≈ cminN{IsØ HºXp `mKam°p
tºmƒ 40 `mKbmWt√m In´pI. AXmbXv, cminN{IsØ HºXnsem∂m°nbm¬
\hmwiafiew. \hmwiafie sØ HºXnsem∂m°nbm¬ \hmwiw.
379
{Klkv^pSsØ IeIfm°n, IeIsf 200 sIm- p lcn®v, 12˛-s‚ KpWnX߃
\o°w sNbvXm¬, As√¶n¬ 2400˛sIm- p lcn®m¬, In´p∂ injvSw IeIfnep≈
Bbp mWv. CXns\ Hcp \hmwiØn\v Hcp h¿jw F∂ IW°n¬ h¿j˛amk˛
Znhkßfm°Ww.
2 AwiIZi : KWnXw DZmlcWPmXIØnse kqcykv^pSw: = 1˛25˛31
1. {Klkv^pSsØ (1 cmin 25 `mK 31 Iesb) IeIfm°pI
1 $ 30 = 30 + 25 = 55 $ 60 = 3300 + 31 = 3331 Ie
2. AXnse 2400˛Iƒ F√mw \o°w sNbvXv injvSw ImWpI
3331˛s\ 2400 sIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ 1 (2400) In´pw. CXns\
Dt]£n®v injvSwsIm- v {Inb XpScWw.injvSw(3331 ˛˛ 2400 ) = 931 Ie
3. injvSw h∂ 931 Iesb Hcp \hmwiØn\v Hcp h¿jw F∂ IW°n¬
h¿jam°Ww
Hcp \hmwiw 3 `mK 20 Ie = 200 Ie
931 / 200 = 4.655 = 4 h¿jw
_m°n .655 s\ 12 sIm- p s]cp°n amkßfm°Ww
(655 / 1000) $ 12 = 7.86 = 7 amkw
_m°n . 86 s\ 30 sIm- p s]cp°n Znhkßfm°Ww
(86 / 100) $ 30 = 25.8 = 26 Znhkw
(.8 s\ 24 sIm- p s]cp°n aWn°qtdm, 60 sIm- p s]cp°n \mgnI
Itfm B°mw. ChnsS .5 t\°mƒ IqSpXembXn\m¬ 1 Bbn FSpØp.)
3. h{IØnepw D®Ønepw a‰pw \n¬°p∂ {KlßfpsS
Zimh¿jØn¬ hcp∂ h¿≤\
2. h{InWyp®KtX {XnkwKpWanZw kzmwi{Xn`mtKmØta ZznLv\w ....
h{InWyp®KtX...... ˛ h{IØntem D®Øntem D≈ {KlßfpsS
Bbp¿h¿jsØ.
{XnkwKpWanZw ˛ aq∂psIm- p s]cp°Ww. (aq∂nc´nbm°Ww)
kzmwi{Xn`mtKmØssax ZznLv\w
˛ kz¥w \hmwiw, kz¥w t{Z°mWw, h¿t§mØaw Chbn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Klß
fpsS Bbp¿h¿jsØ c- psIm- p s]cp°Ww. (Cc´nbm°Ww).
380
Zimh¿j h¿≤\˛˛ 1. D®w, h{Iw $ 3 (+)
2. kzt£{Xw, kzt{Z°mWw,
kz\hmwiw, h¿t§mØa\hmwiw $ 2 (+)
4. \oNauVylcWw
3. \oNKtX f ¿[a]yY Zfw autVy knXm¿°o hn\m.\oNKtXx A¿≤....
\oNKtX f ¿[ ˛ \oNØnep≈ {KlØns‚ ]IpXn
Ipdbv°Ww.
Zfw autVy knX A¿°o hn\m. ˛ ip{I≥, i\n Chsbmgn®p≈ {Kl߃°v
auVyØn¬ ]IpXn Ipdbv°Ww.
\oNØnepw auVy Ønepw \n¬°p∂ {KlßfpsS Zimh¿jØn¬ hcp∂
Ipdhv˛˛
\oNw, auVyw (ip, a HgnsI) ˛ 1/2 (-- ˛˛)
(19)
k¿hm¿≤{XnIrtXjp(1)j◊nXeh{lmtkm f kXmapXv{IamXv
cnx^mXv kXvkp Zfw XZm lcXn _teytIm _lptjzIt`
{Xywtim\w cn]pt` hn\m £nXnkpXw ktXym]tZti Zim˛
e·kymwikam _en\ypZbt` f kym{Xm]n Xpeym]n N..
(1) ]mTt`Zw: civanXehm{≤mtkm
5. Zriym¿≤lcWw.
1. cn^mXv ˛ 12 apXemb `mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂
AkXm ˛ ]m]{KlßfpsS AwiIZibn¬ \n∂p
DXv{IamXv ˛ {IaØn¬
k¿hm¿≤{XnIrtXjpj◊nXeh{lmtkm
˛ apgph≥, ]IpXn, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6 F∂ {IaØn¬ Bbp p Ipdbv°Ww.
2. kXvkp Zfw....
˛ Cu`mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂Xp ip`{Klßfm sW¶n¬ Cu ]d™Xns‚ ]IpXnhoXw
Ipd®m¬ aXn
3. _lpjp GIt`
˛ Hcp cminbn¬ ]e {Klßfps- ¶n¬ IqSpX¬ _eap≈ Hcp {KlØns‚
h¿jØn¬ am{Xta Ipdhp sNtø- Xp≈q.
1. cnx^w apX¬°p≈ `mhßfn¬ (Zriym¿≤Øn¬) ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬
Bbp¿h¿jØn¬ hcp∂ Ipdhv
`mhw 12 11 10 9 8 7
Ipdbvt°- Xv apgph≥ 1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6
381
2. Zriym¿≤Øn¬ ip`∑m¿ \n∂m¬ ]m]∑m¿°p ]d™Xn¬ ]IpXn
Ipdbv°Ww
`mhw 12 11 10 9 8 7
Ipdhv 1/2 1/4 1/6 1/8 1/10 1/12
3. Hcp cminbn¬ H∂ne[nIw {Kl߃°p Zriym¿≤lcWw hcp∂psh¶n¬
IqSpX¬ hcp∂Xv (lcWw A[nIap≈ Hcp {KlØns‚ Bbp n¬) am{Xta Ipdhp
hcptØ- Xp≈p
6. i{Xpt£{XlcWw 4. {Xywtim\w cn]pt` hn\m £nXnkpXw
˛ IpP≥ HgnsIbp≈ {Kl߃ i{Xpt£{XØn¬\n∂m¬ 1/3 Ipdbv°Ww.
AwiIZibnse samØw Iq´epw Ipdbv°epw:
1. h¿≤\Iƒ: D®w, h{Iw, kzt£{Xw, kzt{Z°mWw,
kz\hmwiw, h¿t§mØa\hmwiw
2. lcW߃: \oNlcWw,auVylcWw,Zriym¿≤lcWw i{Xpt£{XlcWw
Iq´epw Ipdbv°epw ˛ GXv BZyw thWw? Cc´n°epIƒ BZyw sNøtWm, lcW߃ BZyw sNøtWm Fs∂mcp
kwibw hcmw. lcW߃ Ign®p _m°nbp≈Xns\ Cc´n°pIbm Wv th- Xv.
AXmbXv, Zimh¿jw I- v, \mep lcWßfpw sNbvXn´pthWw h{InWyp®
KtX....bn¬ ]dbp∂ h¿≤\Iƒ sNøphm≥.
8. e·mbp v (AwiIZibnse e·Zi) 5. e·kymwikamx
˛ e·Øn¬ sN∂ \hmwiØn\v XpeyamWv e·mbp v,
6. _en\n DZbt`...
˛ e·Øn\mWv A[nIw _esa¶n¬, F{X cminbmtWm Ign™Xv, A{Xbpw
h¿jamWv e·mbp v. (Hcp \hmwiw Hcp h¿jw / Hcp cmin Hcp h¿jw)
1. e·cminsb°mƒ _ew e·cmiywiIØn\msW¶n¬ AwiIØn\p
Xpeyambncn°pw Bbp v. AYhm e·Øns‚ \hmwiIm[n]\v e·m[n]t\°mƒ
_ew IqSppsa¶n¬ e·kv^pSØn se cmin If™v _m°nsb IeIfm°n 200
sIm- p lcn°Ww. BZyw In´p∂Xp h¿jw. _m°nsb 12˛epw 30˛epw s]cp°n
200˛sIm- p lcn®p amkhpw Znhkhpw ImWWw.
2. AwiIØnt\°mƒ A[nIw _ew e·Øn\msW¶n¬ cmin°p XpeyamWv
Bbp v. AYhm e·\hmwiIm[n]t\°mƒ e·m[n]\p _ew IqSpsa¶n¬
e·kv^pSsØ cminbS°w IeIfm°n (200 $ 9) 1800 sIm- p lcn°Ww. lcW^ew
h¿jw. tijn®Xns\ amkhpw Znhkhpam°Ww. k]vX{KlßfptSbpw
e·Øns‚bpw ZiIƒ Hcpan®p Iq´nbXmWv AwiI Zibnse ]cambp v.
382
(20)
ktXym]tZix {]htcm f {X In¥p
Ip¿h¥ytbmKyw _lph¿§Wm`nx
BNmcyIw Xz{X _lpLv\Xmbm˛
taI¥p bZv`qcn XtZh Imcyw.
ktXym]tZix ˛ kXymNmcycpsS D]tZiw
(a‰p≈hcptSXt]£n®v)
{]hcx A{X ˛ {]hcamWv, t{ijvTamWv.
In¥p ˛ F∂m¬.
Ip¿h¥n AtbmKyw _lph¿§Wm`nx
˛ (F∂m¬ Nne¿) _lph¿§Ww (series of multiplications)sIm- v CXns\
AtbmKyam°p∂p.
BNmcyIw Xp A{X
˛ ktXym]tZiw A\pkcn®v .
_lpLv\Xmbmw GI¥p bZv`qcn XXv Gh Imcyw
˛ ]e Iq´epIƒ hcp∂psh¶n¬ AXn¬ G‰hpw A[nIap≈Xpam{Xw FSpØm¬ aXn.
Cu t«mIw tlmcmimkv{Xw Ggmw A≤ymbØn¬\n∂pap≈XmWv. (7- -12)
AhnsS ]nfiZi (D®\oNZi), Pohi¿ΩZi, AwiIZi F∂o aq∂v Bbp¿±mb
ZiIfpw hnhcn®Xn\ptijamWv Cu t«mIw hcp∂Xv. a‰p c- p ZiIsf At]£n®v
AwiIZibmWv IqSpX¬ IrXyambn ImWp∂Xv. F¶nepw Nne¿ KWnXw sX‰mbn
sNbvXv AXns‚ KpWw Ifbp∂Xn\m¬ icnbmb coXn hy‡am°pIbmWv ChnsS.
Bbp¿±mbKWnXØn¬ kXymNmcys‚ Cu AwiIZiXs∂bmWv t{ijvTambn
´p≈Xv. ]t£, A\mhiyambv s]cp°epIƒsIm- v Nne¿ AXns‚ KpWw Ifbp∂p.
AXmbXv, Hcp {Klw \n¬°p∂Xv Htc kabw AXns‚ kzt£{XØnepw D®Ønepw
h{IØnepw BsW¶n¬ Bbp¿±mbw BZyw Cc´n°pI, ]ns∂ aq∂nc´n B°pI,
F∂nßs\ ]e {InbIƒ sNøp∂p. Aßns\ ]mSn√. aq∂nc´nbm°pI F∂ H‰
{Inb sNbvXm¬ aXn (IqSpX¬ KpWn°epIƒ hcptºmƒ G‰hpw A[nIap≈ Hcp
KpW\w am{Xw aXn F∂¿∞w.) Ipdbv°ens‚ ImcyØnepw Cu coXnX∂bmWv
th- Xv. DZmlcWØn\v, i{Xpt£{XÿnXnbpw auVyhpw HØp hcp∂psh¶n¬
auVyØns‚Xp am{Xw, AXmbXv ]IpXn am{Xw, Ipd®m¬ aXn.
5. ]nfiZi (D®\oNZi)
(21)
t[bw iqc itI {inbw kvab ]tc \n{Zmx kam `mkvIcmXv
]nfimJymbpjn ]q¿hh® lcWw k¿hw hnZ[ymZnl
et· ]m]n\n `w hnt\mZbessh¿\n¿≤m \XmMvssKx lrXw (1)
XymPyw kuay\nco£ntX¿f≤arWa{Xmbpjy`n⁄m hnZpx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ hnt\mZbessh¿hnLv\w \XmwtK lrXw.
383
1. ]nfiZimh¿j߃
t[bw....]nfimJymbpjn ˛ kqcy≥ XpSßnbhcpsS ]nfimbp¿±mbw:
t[bw iqc itI {inbw kvab ]tc \n{Zmx kam `mkvIcmXv
91 52 51 21 51 12 02
19 25 15 12 15 21 20 ˛ ˛ F∂o h¿j߃
(127 h¿j߃)
c N Ip _p Kp ip a ˛ F∂ {IaØn¬
kqcymZn {Kl߃ \¬Ip∂, A\p{Iaambn´p≈, ]nfimbp h¿jßfmWv. {Klw D¨w hÀjw \oNw hÀjw chn taSw 10 19 Xpemw 10 9 1/
2
Nμ≥ CShw 3 25 hr›nIw 3 12 1/2
IpP≥ aIcw 28 15 I¿°SIw28 7 1/2
_p[≥ I∂n 15 12 ao\w 15 6
Kpcp I¿°Sw 5 15 aIcw5 7 1/2
ip{I≥ ao\w 27 21 I∂n 27 10 1/2
aμ≥ Xpemw 20 20 taSw 20 10
2. lcW߃ ]q¿hhXv N lcWw k¿hw hnZ[ymZnl
˛ t\csØ AwiImbp¿±mb Øn\p ]d™ F√m lcWßfpw
]nfimbp¿±mbØnepw sNøWw.
{Kl߃ AXyp®Øn¬ (kqcy≥ taSw 10T XpSßnbh) \n∂memWp ta¬{]d™
Zimh¿j߃ e`n°pI. CXn¬\n∂p hyXykvXambn \oNÿnXn, i{Xpt£{X
ÿnXn, auVyw, Zriym¿≤ÿnXn, e·Øn¬ ]m]ÿnXn F∂o A©p kμ¿`ßfn¬
Zimh¿jßfn¬ am‰w hcpw. Chbn¬ \mep lcW߃ ˛˛ \oNlcWw, auVy
lcWw, Zriym¿≤lcWw, i{Xpt£{XlcWw F∂nh ˛˛ Awimbp¿±mbØn\p
]d™Xpt]mse Øs∂ sNøWw. A©matØXmb {IqtcmZblcWw C\n
]dbp∂p.
3. {IqtcmZblcWw et· ]m]n\n `w... ˛ e·Øn¬ ]m]{Kl߃ (c, Ip, a)
\n¬°p∂ps- ¶n¬˛˛
1. e·kv^pSØnse cminsb \o°n `mKIeIsf IeIfm°pI.
2. AXpsIm- vHmtcm {Klhpw \¬Ip∂ Bbp¿±mbh¿jsØ s]cp°pI
. AXns\ (Aßns\ In´p∂ ^esØ)
3. \XmwtK lrXw ˛ \ X K ˛ 063 ˛ 360T sIm- v AYhm 360w x 60’ = 216000’ sIm- p) lcn°pI. lcW^ew e·Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ ]m]{KlØns‚
(IeIfnep≈) lcWamWv.
4. CXns\ Htcm {Klhpw \¬Ip∂ Bbp n¬\n∂pw Ipd®m¬ IrXyamb
Zimh¿jw (ip≤mbp v) In´pw.
kuay\nco£ntXm... ˛ e·Øn\p ip`ZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬ ]IpXn
Ipd®m¬ aXn.
384
(22)
e·Zimawikamw _ehXywti hZ¥n ss]fiymtJy
_ebp‡w bZn e·w cminkssahm{X (1) \mwtim∞m.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : Ztim‡m.
4. e·Zi
e·Zim ss]fimtJy ˛ ]nfimbp¿±mbØnse e·Zi
_ehXn Awti Awikamw ˛ e·Øns‚ AwiIw (e·\hmwiw)
_etØmSp IqSnbXmsW¶n¬ AwiI
Øn\p kam\amb h¿jw.
_ebp‡w bZn e·w cminkaw ˛ e·w_etØmSpIqSnbXmsW¶n¬
cmin°p Xpeyamb h¿jw.
1. e·Øns‚ \hmwi Im[n]\v e·m[n]t\°mƒ _ew IqSppsa¶n¬ e·
kv^pS Ønse cmin If™v _m°nsb IeIfm°n 200 sIm- p lcn°Ww. BZyw
In´p∂Xp h¿jw. _m°nsb 12˛epw 30˛epw s]cp°n 200˛sIm- p lcn®p amkhpw
Znhkhpw ImWWw.
2. e·m[n]\p e·\hmwiIm[n]t\°mƒ _ew IqSpsa¶n¬ ekv^pSsØ
cminsb AS°w IeIfm°n 200 $ 9 = 1800 lcn°Ww. lcW^ew h¿jw.
tijn®Xns\ amkhpw Znhkhpam°Ww.
3. cmiym[n]\pw \hmwiIm[n]\pw _ew Xpeyambn h∂m¬ c- maXp ]d™ hn[w.)
(23)
lcWw \otN¿f≤arWw kymXv
kºq¿Æ t{]m‡h¿jap®Krtl
ss]fiymZu Zzy¥ctK
{]mss⁄kvss{XcminIw Nn¥yw.
5. \oNlcWw hy‡am°p∂p lcWw \otN A¿≤w...
1. {Kl߃ D®ØnemsW¶nemWv ta¬∏d™ h¿j߃ In´pI.
2. {Kl߃ \oNØnemsW¶n¬ CXn¬ ]IpXn Ipdbpw.
3. D®Øn\pw \oNØn\pw CSbnepw \oNØn\pw D®Øn\pw CSbnepap≈
ÿnXn°v Bbp¿h¿jw ImWm≥ ss{XcminIw sNøWw .
(24)
ss]fiymJyambp¿{_phtX {][m\w
aWn∞NmWIyabmZb›
GX∂ km[znXyhZZv`Zt¥m (1)
hcmlkqcyky XtZh hmIyw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: almt¥m ˛ alm∑m¿
6. A`n{]mbw ss]fiymJyw Bbpx {_phtX {][m\w˛]nfimbp¿±mbw (D®\oNZi) DØa
amsWam∂mWv aWnŸ≥, NmWIy≥
385
, ab≥ F∂o BNmcy∑mcpsS A`n{]mbw.
GXXv \ km[p CXn AhZXv `Zt¥m ˛ F∂m¬ Cu Zimk{ºZmbw Ip‰a‰X√
F∂p `Z¥≥ ]d™n´p- v
hcmlkqcyky XtZh hmIyw ˛ hcmlanlncs‚ A`n{]mbhpw CXpXs∂
bmbncp∂p .
(`Z¥≥ ˛ _u≤k\ymkn / kXymNmcy≥).
6. Pohi¿ΩZi (25)
kqcymZnIm\mw kzatX\ Poh˛
i¿Ωm kzcmwiw ]cambptjm f {X
Akym]n k¿hw lcWw hnt[bw
]q¿thm‡h√·Zima]ol.
1. kzatX\ Pohi¿Ωm ˛ Pohi¿ΩF∂ BNmcys‚ A`n{]mbØn¬
kqcymZnIm\mw ˛ kqcy≥ XpSßnb k]vX{KlßfpsS
Bbp¿±mbw
kzcmwiw ]cambpj A{X ˛ ]cambp ns\ Ggmbn `mKn®XmWv.
2. Akym]n k¿hw lcWw hnt[bw
˛ CXpw t\csØ ]d™˛˛]nfiZibv°p ]d™˛˛ F√m lcW߃°pw
hnt[bamWv.
3. ]q¿thm‡h√·Zima]ol ˛ e·Zibpw t\ctØ ]d™Xpt]mse ˛
˛ ]nfiZibv°p ]d™Xpt]mse ˛˛
Øs∂.
Cu ZimcoXnbn¬, \nk¿§ZibnteXpt]mse, ]cambp v 120 h¿jw 5
ZnhkamWv. CXns\ Ggmbn `mKn®Xv ˛˛ 17 h¿jw 1 amkw 22 Znhkw ˛˛ BWv Hmtcm
{KlØn‚bpw Zi.
17 h¿jw 1 amkw 22 Znhkw 8 \mgnI -34 hn\mgnI $ 7 = 120-˛5
]nfiZibv°p ]d™ F√m lcWßfpw CXn\pw thWw. e·Zibpw AXp
t]mseØs∂.
7. ]pcpjmbp v F{X?
(26)
\rWmw ZzmZih’cm ZilXm Bbpx {]amWw ]ssc˛
cmJymXw ]caw iss\kv{Xn`KtWm bmh÷ss\cocnXw
tINn®{μkl{kZ¿i\anl t{]m‡w Ieu In¥p b˛
tZzmtZm‡w icZ»Xw ln ]cambp¿±mbamN£vatl.
1. \rWmw ZzmZih’cm ZilXm Bbpx {]amWw
˛ Nne hnZzm∑mcpsS A`n{]mbØn¬ a\pjycpsS Bbp v \q‰ncp]Xv
h¿jamWv
386
2. ]ssc BJymXw ]caw iss\x {Xn`KtWm bmhXv Pss\x CucnXw ˛
˛ F∂m¬ a‰p NnecpsS A`n{]mbØn¬ i\nbpsS aq∂p `KWImew
( 30 $ 3) BWv ]cambp v.
3. tINnXv N{μkl{kZ¿i\anlt{]m‡w
˛ Bbncw ]q¿ÆN{μs\ ImWp∂XmWv ]q¿Æmbp v F∂pw ]£ap- v.
4. Ieu In¥p bXv thtZm‡w icZ»Xw ln ]cambp¿±mbamN£vatl
˛ F∂m¬ thZw ]dbp∂Xv IenbpKØn¬ a\pjymbp v \qdp h¿jw
BsW∂mWv. \Ωfpw AXnt\mSp tbmPn°p∂p.
8. Zim{Iaw
(27)
e·mZntXyμpIm\ma[nI_ehXx
kym±imZu XtXm f \ym
XXvtI{μmZnÿnXm\manl _lpjp ]p\¿˛
hocytXm hocykmtay
_lzmbp¿h¿jZmXpx {]Yaan\him˛
t®mZnXkym_vZkmtay
hocyw InwXz{X k‘n¿{KlhnhclXw
`mhk‘y¥cm]vXw.
1. e· BZnXy Cμp`m\mw A[nI_ehXx kymXv ZimZu
˛ e·w, BZnXy≥, N{μ≥ Chcn¬ A[nIw _eap≈ {KlØns‚ ZibmWv
BZyw hcpI.
2, XXx A\ym XXv tI{μmZn ÿnXm\mw Cl
˛ c- maXmbn tI{μØn¬ \n¬°p∂ {KlØns‚ Zi hcpw
3. _lpjp ]p\x hocytXm
˛ tI{μØn¬ A[nIw {Kl߃ Ds- ¶n¬ Ahcn¬ _etadnbhs‚ Zi
FSp°Ww.
4. hocykmtay _lzmbpx h¿jZmXpx
˛ _ewsIm- p XpeymhÿtbmSp IqSnb {Kl߃ tI{μØn¬ D- mbm¬
A[nIw Bbp¿h¿jw Xcp∂ {KlØns‚ Zi FSp°Ww.
5. {]Yaw C\hti\ DZnX kymXv
---˛Bbp¿h¿jØnepw {Kl߃°p kmayw h∂m¬ kqcy_‘Øn¬\n∂pw
BZyw ]pdØp hcp∂ {KlØns‚ Zi BZyw hcpw.
6. hocyw Inw Xp A{X....
˛ C\n AYhm hocyw, Zimh¿jw, kqcytbmK Øn\ptijw BZyw DZn°pI
F∂nhsb√mØnepw HØphcnIbmsW¶n¬ ASpØ ÿm\Øp≈ {KlsØ
s°m- p Nn¥n°Ww.
9. Cu ZiIƒ Nn¥nt°- sXt∏mƒ
(28)
Awtim¤hw e·_emXv{]km[y˛
387
ambp› ]ntfim¤ha¿°hocymXv
ss\k¿§nIw N{μ_emXv {]km[yw
{_qbmXv {XbmWma]n hocykmtay.
(29)
tXjmw {XbmWmanl kwbpXnkvXp
{Xn`n¿lrXm sskh Zim {]I¬]ym
hocyw ZztbmsscIyZfw Xtbmx kymXv
tN÷ohi¿ambpcao _tem\mx.
1. e·Øn\mWv _ew IqSpXse¶n¬ Awimbp pw
2. kqcy\mWp _esa¶n¬ ]nfimbp pw
3. N{μ\mWp _esa¶n¬ \nk¿§mbp pw FSp°Ww.
4. ap≥]d™ aq∂nepw _ekmayw hcpIbmsW¶n¬, aq∂phn[ Bbp pw
Hcpan®pIq´n aq∂psIm- p lcn°Ww.
5 cs- ÆØn\p Xpey_ew hcnIbmsW¶n¬ c- pw XΩn¬ Iq´n
c- psIm- p lcn°pI.
6 aq∂n\pw _eans√¶n¬, Pohi¿ΩobcoXn A\pkcn®p Zi ImWpI.
(30)
ImeN{IZim t⁄bm N{μmwtiti _em\zntX
kZm \£{Xam¿t§W Zim _ehXo kvarXm.
1. N{μmwtiti _em\zntX ImeN{IZim t⁄bm
˛ N{μs‚ \hmwiØns‚ \mY\v _eaps- ¶n¬ ImeN{IZi A\pkcn®p
^ew AdnbWw.
2. \£{Xam¿t§W Zim kZm _ehXo kvarXm
˛˛ \£{XZi (hnwtimØcn) ˛˛ Ft∏mgpw, F√m kμ¿`ßfnepw,^ew
ImWn°p∂XmWv.
(31)
kamx jjvSn¿ZznLv\m a\pPIcnWmw ]© N \nim
lbm\mw Zzm{XnwiXv JcIc`tbmx ]©IIrXnx
hncq]m km Xzmbp¿hrjalnjtbm¿ZzmZi iq\mw
kvarXw OmKmZo\mw ZiIklnXmx jSv N ]caw.
10. ]cambp v 1. jjvTn¿ZznLv\m a\pPIcnWmw... ˛ a\pjy¿°pw B\Iƒ°pw \q‰n bncp]Xp
h¿jw 5 Znhkw
2. lbm\mw Zzm{XnwiXv ˛ IpXncbv°v ap∏Ønc- p h¿jw
3. JcIc`tbmx ]©IIrXnx ˛ H´IØn\pw IgpXbv°pw Ccp]Ønb©p
h¿jw
4. hncq]m km]ymbpx hrjalnjtbm
˛ Imfbv°pwt]mØn\pw Ccp]Øn\mep h¿jw
5. ZzmZi iq\mw ˛ \mbbv°p ]{¥- p h¿jw
6. OmKmZo\mw ZiIklnXmx jSv ˛ BSn\p ]Xn\mdp h¿jw
388
Cu t«mIw tlmcmimkv{XØn¬ --\n∂pap≈XmWv. (7˛5)
]cambpx h¿jw
Pohn h¿jw a\pjy≥, B\ 120
IpXnc 32
H´Iw, IgpX 25
Imf, t]mØv 24
\mb 12
BSv 16
(32)
tb [¿ΩI¿Ω\ncXm hnPntX{μnbm›
tb]∞yt`mP\cXm ZznPtZh`‡mx
tb am\hm Z[Xn tb Ipeioekoamw
tXjmanZw IYnXambpcpZmc[o`nx.
11. ]cambp v B¿°p In´pw ?
1. tb [¿ΩI¿Ω\ncXm ˛ [¿ΩI¿Ωßfn¬ \ncXcmbn,
2. hnPntX{μnbm› - ˛ hnPntX{μnbcpambn
3. tb ]∞yt`mP\cXm ˛ ]∞y t`mP\Øn¬ cXcmbn
4. ZznPtZh`‡mx tb am\hm Z[Xn˛ {_m“WtZh`‡cmbn
5. tb Ipeioekoamw ˛ Ipeioe߃ A\pkcn®v Ignbp∂thm
tXjmanZw ˛ B a\pjy¿°mWv Cu Bbp v ]dbp∂Xv.
CXpw tlmcbnep≈ t«mIamWv. PmXI]mcnPmXhpw CXv D≤cn°p∂p- v. .
C∂sØ `mcXob^etPymXnjØns‚ ASnÿm\{KŸsa∂dnbs∏Sp∂
tlmcmimkv{Xw AYhm _rl÷mXIw hnhcn°p∂Xv D®\oNZi, Pohi¿ΩZi,
AwiIZi F∂o aq∂p Zimk{ºZmb߃ am{XamWv. Ah Bbp¿\n¿ÆbØn\p
am{Xa√ s]mXphmb ^e{]hN\Øn\pw D]tbmKn°m≥ th- am¿§\n¿t±ißfpw
AhnsS \¬Ip∂p- v. F∂m¬ GItZiw \m\qdp h¿j߃°p tijw
kamlcn°s∏´ ]cmictlmcbn¬ 28 ZiIsf∏‰n ]dbp∂p- v. Chbn¬
hnwtimØcnbv°p sX°pw AjvtSmØcnbv°p hS°pw C∂p IqSpX¬ -- {]Nmcap- v.
Bbp¿ \n¿ÆbØn\pw km[mcWKXnbn¬ C∂v ChsbØs∂ B{ibn°p∂p.
389
A≤mbw 23
AjvSIh¿§w
hnjbhnhcw
1. AjvSIh¿§w KWnXØn\v Hcp DZmlcWPmXIw
2. IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJy
3. `n∂mjvSh¿§w
4 kqcymjvSh¿§w
5. N{μmjvSh¿§w
6. IpPmjvSh¿§w
7 _p[mjvSh¿§w
8 hymgmjvSh¿§w
9 ip{ImjvSh¿§w
10 i\n AjvSh¿§w
11. AjvSh¿§a\pkcn®v {KlßfpsS CjvScminIfpw A\njvScminIfpw
12. AjvSh¿§ ^ew
13 DØaw, a≤yaw, A[aw
14 ^ew ]dtb- coXn
15. {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w
16 {Kl߃ AjvSh¿§{]Imcw ip`^ew \¬Ip∂sXt∏mƒ?
17 ]m]{KlßfpsS KpWtZmj^e߃1.
1 KWnXØn\v DZmlcWPmXIw
e Ip cN a
ip _p k
˛ ˛
˛ Kp
in ˛ ˛ ˛
390
2. IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJy Cu A≤ymbØnepw A°ßƒ°p]Icw A£ckwJyIfmWv D]tbmKn®n´p
≈X.v AXv A\p_‘Øn¬ (5) sImSpØn´p- v
3 `n∂mjvSh¿§w F´ns‚ h¿§amWv AjvSh¿§w. k]vX{Klßfpw e·hpw tN¿∂XmWv Cu F´v.
(kqcy≥, N{μ≥, IpP≥, _p[≥, Kpcp, ip{I≥, i\n, e·w.) k]vX{Kl߃°p
am{Xta AjvSh¿§app≈q. e·Øns\ IW°n\p ]cnKWn°p∂ps- ¶nepw {Kla√m
ØXn\m¬, AjvSh¿§an√. (Ds- ∂ A`n{]mbap≈hcpw D- v. sImSpß√p¿ ]Xn∏n¬
e·mjvSh¿§ap- v.). PmXIØnse ÿnXnsh®v, Ggp {Kl߃°pw Xßfn¬\n∂pw
a‰p {Klßfn¬\n∂pw e·Øn¬\n∂pambn In´p∂ _eØnt‚Xmb _nμp°fmWv
AjvSh¿§_nμp°ƒ. DZmlcWØnv\v kqcy\v Xm≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS 1, 2, 4, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11 ÿm\ßfn¬ Hmtcm _nμphoXw BsI 8 _nμp°ƒ In´p∂p- v. CXp
t]mse a‰p {Klßfpw kqcy\p _nμp°ƒ \¬Ip∂p- v. AXp {]Imcw BsI
kqcymjvSh¿§w 48 BIpw.
v
(1)
tKmNc{Klhim∑\pPm\mw
b—p`mip`^em`yp]e_vss[y
AjvSh¿KanXn b∑lZp‡w
XXv{]km[\anlm`nhtZ f lw.
tKmNc{KlhimXv a\pPm\mw ˛ tKmNcØn¬, Nmchim¬, a\pjy¿°p,
({Klßfm¬)
bXv ip` Aip` ^ew D]e_vss[y ˛ Fs¥√mw ip`mip`^eßfp- mIpsa∂dn
bp∂Xn\v,
AjvSh¿KanXn bXv alZp‡w ˛ alm∑mcm¬ ]dbs∏´ AjvSh¿§w F∂
k{ºZmbw GXmtWm
XXv {]km[\w Cl A`nhtZ Alw ˛ AXns‚ {]km[\w Rm≥ ChnsS \n¿hln
°p∂p.
(2)
BenJy kayKv`phn cminN{Iw
{KlÿnXnw X÷\\{]hrØmw
XØZv {Kl¿£mXv {Iatim f jvSh¿§w
t{]m‡w ItcmXy£hn[m\a{X.
BenJy kayIv `phn cminN{Iw ˛ \neØp cminN{Iw hc®v
{KlÿnXnw XXv P\\{]hrØmw ˛ (AXn¬)P\\kabsØ {KlÿnXn FgpXn
XØXv {Kl¿£mXv {Iatim AjvSh¿§w
t{]m‡w ItcmXn A£hn[m\w A{X..... ˛ AXmXp {KlßfpsS cminIfn¬\n∂pw
{IaØn¬ A£ßƒ (_nμp°ƒ, ]cepIƒ)
C´v AjvSh¿§w ImWp∂ coXn hnhcn°p∂p..
391
(3)
]p{Xohkmln[\ntI f ¿°IpPm¿°tPt`ym
ap‡mftI kpcKptcm¿`rKpPmØYm{iox
⁄mZvtKmaXo[\]cm chncnjvStZm f _vPm˛
·otXm∂tb]ypZb`m√LpXm∂]mt{X.
4. kqcymjvSh¿§w
1, 2, 3 kqcy≥, IpP≥, i\n Chcn¬\n∂pw kqcy\p In´p∂ AjvSh¿§_ew A¿° IpP A¿°tPt`ym ˛ (1) kqcy≥, (2) IpP≥, (3) i\n F∂nhcn¬
\n∂pw. (kqcy\p In´p∂) AjvSh¿§w
hmIyw ]p {Xo -h km ln [ \n tI BsI
A£cw ] c h k l [ \ I _nμp°ƒ
cmin 1 2 4 7 8 9 10 11 8
4 hymgØn¬\n∂pw kpcKptcm hymgØn¬\n∂pw kqcy\p In´p∂Xv
ap ‡m f tI
a X f I
5 6 9 11 4
5 ip{I\n¬\n∂pw `rKpPmXv ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂pw kqcy\p In´p∂Xv
X Ym{io
X Y c
6 7 12 3
6 _p[\n¬\n∂pw ⁄mXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂pw kqcy\p In´p∂Xv
tKm a Xo [ \ ] cm
K a X [ \ ]
3 5 6 9 10 11 12 7
7 N{μ\n¬\n∂pw Ko tXm ∂ tb
K X \ b
3 6 10 11 4
8 e·m¬ kqcy\p In´p∂ AjvSh¿§_ew DZb`mXv ˛ e·wapX¬ kqcymjvSh¿§w (6 _nμp°ƒ)
e Lp Xm ∂ ]m t{X.
392
e L X \ ] c
3 4 6 10 11 12
6
9. BsI kqcymjvSh¿§w (48) DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ kqcys‚ AjvSh¿§w.
ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w
5 4 3 4 Ipw`w I¿°SIw
6 (48) 4 aIcw Nnßw 6 2 [\p hr›nIwXpemw I∂n 5 2 4 3
CXp{]Imcw kqcys‚ 48 _nμp°ƒ taSw 4, CShw 3, anYp\w 4....., F∂ {IaØn¬
hcp∂p. AXp {]Imcw At©m AXne[nItam _nμp°fp≈Xv [\p, aIcw, Ipw`w,
ao\w cminIfn¬ am{XamWv. \nba{]Imcw Nmchim¬ Cu \mep cminIfn¬
hcptºmgmWv kqcy≥ Xs‚ `mhm[n]Xyw, ImcIXz߃ F∂nh A\pkcn®p≈ \√
^ew \¬IpI. Cu PmXIØn¬ kqcy≥ CShØnemWv. At∏mƒ aIcw HºXv.
AXp{]Imcw kqcy≥ aIcwcminbn¬ hcptºmƒ HºXmw`mhØns‚ KpW ßfmb
`mKyw XpSßnbh \¬IWw.
(4)
KoXmku P\tI cthx IenXkm∂njvtI XpjmcZyptXx
`uam{OoKpWntX [\ky bpKh∑mkm_vZ\ntXy _p[mXv
PohmXv Iuchk÷\ky `rKpPmZvKqVmflkn≤m⁄bm
aμmZvKWNtb X\o¿KXn\tb N{μx ipt`m tKmNtc.
5. N{μmjvSh¿§w 1. cthx ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w kqcy\n¬\n∂pw
Ko Xm ku P \ tI
K X k P \ I
3 6 7 8 10 11 6
2. XpjmcZyptXx N{μmjvSh¿§w N{μ\n¬\n∂pw
I en X km ∂n jvtI
I e X k ∂ jvtI
1 3 6 7 10 11 6
3. `uam ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w IpP\n¬\n∂pw
{io Kp Wn tX [ \ ky
c K W X [ \ b
2 3 5 6 9 10 11 7
393
4. _p[mXv ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w _p[\n¬\n∂pw
bp K h ∑m km _vZ \n tXy
b K h a k Z \ b
1 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 8
5. PohmXv ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w hymgØn¬\n∂pw
Iu c h k ÷ \ ky
I c h k P \ b
1 2 4 7 8 10 11 7
6. `rKpPmXv ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w ip{I\n¬\n∂pw
aq Vm fl kn ≤m ⁄ bm
a V a k [ R b
3 4 5 7 9 10 11 7
7. aμmXv ˛ N{μmjvSh¿§w i\nbn¬\n∂pw
K W N tb
K W N b
3 5 6 11 4
8. N{μmjvSh¿§w e·Øn¬\n∂pw
K Xn \ tb
K X \ b
3 6 10 11 4
N{μx ipt`m tKmNtc. ˛ N{μ≥ tKmNcØn¬ ip`^ew \¬Ip∂p.
DZmlcWPmXIØnse N{μmjvSIh¿§w
4 1 5 3
6 (49) 5
3 6 5 5 4 2
(5) Xo£vWmwtim¿KWnXm\tI iinctKm√m˛
£mb`qta pXmbv
]p{XohmkP\mb NμcX\bmXv
tKmtaZtI Kojv]tZx
XmImcnknXmØZm Icpit\x
tImhmkZmt[\ptIm
e·mXXv kzmXv IenXw \tbXv £nXnkpXx
t£a{]tZm tKmhtc.
394
6. IpPmjvSh¿§w 1. Xo£vWmwtim ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂pw
K Wn Xm \ tI
K W X \ I
3 5 6 10 11 5
2. iin ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂pw
tKm £m b
K j b
3 6 11 3
3. `qta pXmXv ˛ IpP\n¬\n∂pw
]p {Xo hm k P \m b
] c h k P \ b
1 2 4 7 8 10 11 7
4. N{μX\bmXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂pw
tKmtaZtI
K a Z I
3 5 6 11 4
5. Kojv]tZx ˛ Kpcphn¬\n∂pw
X ∂m Im cn
X \ I c
6 10 11 12 4
6. knXmXv ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂pw
I cp i t\x
I c i \
6 8 11 12 4
7. i\nbn¬\n∂pw
tIm hm k Zm t[ \p tIm
I h k Z [ \ I
1 4 7 8 9 10 11 7
8. e·mXXv kzmXv ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂pw
IenXw \tb¬
I e X \ b
1 3 6 10 11 5
DZmlcWPmXIØnse IpPmjvSh¿§w
395
6 2 3 2 4 5 ( 39) 4 1 2 2 4 4
(6)
kuaymtZymKiXw [ss\x Ipcpcth¿tajm[nI{ioKptcmx
tXtPm b{X bamctbmx ]pchkw ZnKvt[ \tb `m¿KhmXv
]pt{Xm K¿`alm‘tI ]c`rXmw Zm\mb e·m’p[m˛
aq¿tXx {]mhrjn Pm\Io iinkpXkvXz{X ÿnXt›—p`x.
7 _p[mjvSh¿§w 1. kuaymXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂v
tbm K i Xw [ ss\x Ip cp
b K i X [ \ I cp
1 3 5 6 9 10 11 12 8
2. cthx ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂v
ta jm [n I {io
a j [ I c
5 6 9 11 12 5
3. Kptcmx ˛ hymgØn¬\n∂v
tXtPmb{Xbamctbm
X P b c
6 8 11 12 4
4. ba Bctbm ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂pw IpP\n¬\n∂pw
]p c h k Zn Kvt[ \ tb
] c h k Z [ \ b
1 2 4 7 8 9 10 11 8, 8
5. `m¿KhmXv ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂v
]p t{Xm K ¿` a lm ‘ tI
] c K ` a l [ I
1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 8
7. ]c`rXmw Zm\mb
] c ` X Z \ b
1 2 4 6 8 10 11 7
e·mXv ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂v
396
8. kp[maq¿tX ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂v
{]mhrjn P\Io
c h j P \ I
2 4 6 8 10 11 6
DZmlcWPmXIØnse _p[mjvSh¿§w
6 6 3 5 5 (54) 5 6 3 5 2 5 3
(7)
am¿ØmfimXv Icem`k÷[\ntIN{μm{ZptajmfntI
`uamXv Inw{]`pkqZ\mb Ich»n£m[\mtVy _p[mXv
]p{XoK¿`kZm\tI kpcKptcmx kz¿√£van Nt{μ it\x
{ioat¥m [\nImx knXmXv Icnhntijkn≤n\nXyw Xt\mx
8 hymgmjvSh¿§w 1. am¿ØmfimXv ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂v
I c em ` k ÷ [ \n tI
I c e ` k P [ \ I
1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 9
2. N{μmXv ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂v
cp ta jm fn tI
c a j f I
2 5 7 9 11 5
3. `uamXv ˛ IpP\n¬\n∂v
Inw {] `p kq Z \m b
I c ` k Z \ b
1 2 4 7 8 10 11 7
4. Ich»n£m[\mtVy
I c h i j [ \ V
1 2 4 5 6 9 10 11 8
_p[mXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂v
5. ]p{XoK¿`kZm\tI
] c K ` k Z \ I
1 2 3 4 7 8 10 11 8
kpcKptcmx ˛ hymgØn¬\n∂v
397
6. e jvanNt{μ
e a N c
3 5 6 12 4
it\x ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂v
7. {ioat¥m [\nImXv
c a X [ \ I
2 5 6 9 10 11 6
knXmXv ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂v
8. e·mXv
Icnhntijkn≤n\nXyw
I c h i j k [ \ X
1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 9
Xt\mx ˛ e·mXv
DZmlcWPmXIØnse hymgmjvSh¿§w
5 2 6 5 5 (56) 3 6 6 3 6 4 5
(8)
PmXymw {iokvXp cth¿hnt[mx ]pcKhmatμmf]pt{X Xt\mx
]utc em`aZmfntI Ipcpehw tamtl [t\tVy `rtKmx
tem`kvXmfn]tc IpPm{ZhnkpXm¬ K¿`w alm_v[u \tb
⁄mf£vaoNpftI Kptcm¿aZ[XmtVym f ku `rKp kuJyZ.
9 ip{ImjvSh¿§w 1. PmXymw {iokvXp
P b c
8 11 12 3
cth ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂v
2. hnt[mx ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂v
]pcKhmatμmf]pt{X
] c K h a Z f ] c
1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 12 9
398
3. Xt\m ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂v
]utc em`aZmfntI
] c e ` a Z f I
1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 8
4. Ipcpehw tamtl [t\tVy
I c e h a l [ \ V
1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 9
`rtKm ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂v
5. tem`ÿmfn]tc
e ` Y f ] c
3 4 6 9 11 12 6
IpP ˛ IpP\v
6. chnkpXmXv ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂v
K¿`w alm_v[u \tb
K ` a l [ \ b
3 4 5 8 9 10 11 7
7. ⁄mXv - -˛ _p[\n¬\n∂v
e£vao NpftI
e a N f I
3 5 6 9 11 5
8. Kptcm ˛ Kpcphn¬\n∂v
aZ[m\mtVy
a Z [ \ b
5 8 9 10 11 5
DZmlcWPmXIØnse ip{ImjvSh¿§w
7 6 4 5 3 4 (52) 5 4 5 2 3 4
(9)
cth¿bm{XmhoYn P\b iint\m e£b it\x
KptWkvXptXym `uamXv KWnX\nItcm f ku ip`Icx
iXmImtc PohmØZ[\]tc ⁄mZpZb`mXv
Iem`qXm\tay `rKpP NbtJ kqcyX\b.
399
10. i\n AjvSh¿§w 1. cth ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂v
bm{XmhoYn P\b
b c h Y P \ b
1 2 4 7 8 10 11 7
2. iint\m ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂v
e£b
e j b
3 6 11 3
3. it\x ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂v
KptWkvXtXym
K W X b
3 5 6 11 4
4. `uamXv ˛ IpP\n¬\n∂v
KWnX\nItcm
K W X \ I c
3 5 6 10 11 12 6
5. iXmImtc
i X I c
5 6 11 12 4
PohmXv ˛ Kpcphn¬\n∂v
6. X[\]tc
X Z [ \ ] c
6 8 9 10 11 12 6
⁄mXv ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂v
7. DZb`mXv ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂v
Iem`qXm\tay
I e ` X \ b
1 3 4 6 10 11 6
8. `rKpP ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂v
N b tJ
6 11 12 3
kqcyX\b ˛ i\nbpsS AjvSh¿§w
400
DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ i\nbpsS AjvSh¿§w
6 2 2 4 4 2 (39) 4 4 4 2 3 2
(10)
CXn \nKZnXanjvSw t\jvSa\yZzntijm˛
Z[nI^ehn]mIw P∑n\mw X{X ZZypx
D]NbKrlan{Xtkzm®ssKx ]pjvSanjvSw
Xz]NbKrl\oNmcmXnssK¿t\jvSkºXv.
11. AjvSh¿§a\pkcn®v {KlßfpsS
CjvScminIfpw A\njvScminIfpw
1 CXn \nKZnXw CjvSw ˛ Cßs\ {KlßfpsS CjvScminIƒ
]dbs∏´ncn°p∂p.
2. \ CjvSa\yXv ˛ tijn®h (Cßs\ _nμpp°ƒ C√mØh)
3. hntijmXv A[nI^ehn]mIw P∑n\mw X{X ZZypx ˛ AhnsS (A[nIw _nμp°fp≈
cminIfn¬) AXmXp {Kl߃ A[nIamb
4. D]NbKrl an{X tkzm®ssKx ]pjvSanjvSw
˛ {KlßfpsS Cu CjvScminIƒ°v D]Nbw, an{Xt£{Xw, D®cmin XpSßnb
_e߃ IqSnbps- ¶n¬ Ah IqSpX¬ ^e]pjvSßfmIp∂p.
5 A]NbKrl\oNmcmXnssK¿t\jvSkºXv
˛ F∂m¬ AXn\p ]Icw A]Nbw, \oNcmin, i{Xpt£{Xw F∂nhbmsW¶n¬
^ew AXn\\pkcn®p Ipdbp∂p.
(11)
IrXzmjvSh¿Kw ZypkZmw {InbmZn˛
jzss£¿hnlot\ arXntcI_ntμmx
\mtim hytbm `oXy`bm¿∞\mco˛
{iocmPykn≤nx {Iaix ^em\n.
12. AjvSh¿§ ^ew
IrXzmjvSh¿§w...
˛ AjvSh¿§Øn¬ In´nb _nμp°ƒ{]Imcw, Hmtcm {Klhpw AXmXp
cminIfn¬°qSn IS∂pt]mIptºmƒ, D- mIp∂ ^ew.
401
Ass£¿hnlot\ arXn ˛ _nμp°ƒ H∂pwXs∂ Cs√¶n¬ arXn
GI_ntμmx \mtim hytbm ....
1. Hcp _nμpth D≈qsh¶n¬ ˛ \miw
2. c- p _nμp°tf D≈qsh¶n¬ ˛ hybw
3. aq∂p _nμp°tf D≈qsh¶n¬ ˛ `bw
4. \mep _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ A`bw
5. A©p _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ [\w
6. Bdp _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ kv{XokpJw
7. Ggp _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ sFizcyw
8. F´p _nμp°fpw Ds- ¶n¬ ˛ cmPykn≤n
13 DØaw, a≤yaw, A[aw
At©m AXne[nItam _nμp°fps- ¶n¬ DØaw, \mep _nμp°ƒ a≤yaw,
\men\p Xmsg A[aw F∂ \nbaamWv CXn\Snÿm\w.
Cu ^e߃ A£cm¿∞Øn¬ FSpt°- Xn√. Nmchim¬ kqcy≥ X\n°p
_nμp°ƒ H∂pw In´mØ cminbn¬°qSn IS∂p t]mIptºmƒ Hcmsf sIm√psat∂m
F´p _nμp°fpw In´nb cminbn¬ hcptºmƒ cmPmhm°psat∂m CXn\¿∞an√.
PmXImep≈ ^eßfpsS kq£va kab\n¿ÆbØn\p Nmc^e߃ klmbn°p∂p
sh∂v FSpØm¬ aXn.
(12)
XØXv{Klm[njvTnXk¿hcmiow
X’w⁄nXw e·anXn {]I¬]y
tX`yx ^em\yjvShn[m\n `qbm˛
kvXØX v{KlmXv `mhhimZzZ¥p.
14 ^ew ]dtb- coXn XØXv{Klm[njvTnXk¿hcmiow ˛ {Kl߃ \n¬°p∂ cminIsf
X’w⁄nXw e·anXn {]I¬]y ˛ e·ambn FSpØv AhnSwapX¬
XX v{KlmXv `mhhimXv ˛ B {KlØns‚ `mhhimep≈
tX`yx ^em\n AjvShn[m\n ˛ AjvSh¿§^ew
hZ¥p. ˛ ]dbWw.
PmXImep≈ `mh߃ sh®v ^ew ]dbp∂ coXnbmWv s]mXpthbp≈Xv. Cu
t«mIØn¬ {Klw \n¬°p∂ cminsb e·amsbSpØv ^ew ]dtb- coXn AhXcn
∏n°p∂p. t«mIw 14˛¬ hnjbw XpScp∂p- v.
402
(13)
XØv{Kl¿£mwiIXpey`mwiw
ÿnXzm {Klm›mchimZnZm\ow
XssYh X¤mhkap∞nXm\n
^em\n Ip¿h¥n ip`mip`m\n.
XØv{Kl¿£mwiIXpey`mwiw ÿnXzm {Klm›mchimZnZm\ow.....
˛ {Kl߃ PmXIØn¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂ cmin\hmwi߃°p Xpeyambn
Nmchim¬ hcptºmƒ AXmXp `mh߃°\pkrXamb ip`tam Aip`tam
Bb ^e߃ sNøp∂p
. (14)
IrtX f jvSh¿Kw kXn ImcI¿£mXv˛
bZv`mhap‡m¶apss]Xn tJSx
XZv`mh]pjvSnw kipt`m f ipt`m hm
ItcmXy\pt‡ hn]coXtah.
IrtX f jvSh¿Kw kXn ImcI¿£mXv bZv`mhap‡m¶apss]Xn tJSx
˛ Hcp {KlØns‚ AjvSh¿§w C´p Ign™m¬ GXp cminbnemWv A[nIw
_nμp°ƒ h∂n´p≈sX∂p t\m°pI. {Klw \n¬°p∂ cminsb e·ambn
I- v, B CjvScmin F{Xmw `mhambmWv hcp∂sX∂pw t\m°pI.
XZv`mh]pjvSnw kipt`m f ipt`m hm ItcmXy\pt‡ hn]coXtah.
˛ Hcp {Klw (ip`\mbmepw Aip`\mbmepw) B CjvScmibn¬°qSn IS∂p
t]mIptºmƒ B `mhØns‚ ^ew ]pjvSns∏SpØp∂p. AXpt]mse _nμp°ƒ
Ipdhp≈ cminbn¬°qSn IS∂p t]mIptºmƒ AXn\\pkrXambn ^ehpw
Ipdbp∂p.
(15)
GI{X `mth _lthm bZm ln
ap‡m¶Km›mchimZv{hP¥n
]pjvW¥n XZv`mh^em\n kayIv
XXvImcImØØ\p]p¿h`mtK.
_nμp_eap≈p≈ H∂n¬°qIqSpX¬ {Kl߃ Hcp `mhØn¬°qSn Htc
kabw IS∂p t]mIpIbmsW¶n¬ AXmXp `mhØn\p ]pjvSn A\p`hs∏Spw.
DZmlcWw (1)
PmXIm¬ Nmchim¬
Kpcp Nnßw taSw (9)
i\n anYp\w taSw (11)
taSØn¬ / taSØn\v AjvSh¿§_eaps- ¶n¬ Kpcp HºXmw `mhØns‚bpw
i\n ]Xns\m∂mw `mhØnt‚bpw ip`^ew \¬Ipw.
403
DZmlcWw (2)
k¿hmjvSh¿§Øn¬ _nμp_eap≈ taSw PmXIm¬ ]Xns\m∂mw `mhamsW
∂ncn°s´. Nmchim¬ AhnsS hcp∂ {Klßsf√mw ip`^ew
\¬Ipw. (^eØns‚ kz`mhw ImcIXzhpw B[n]Xyhpw A\pkcn®ncn°pw.)
(16)
_nμu ÿntX XXv^ekn≤nIme
hn\n¿Wbmb {]lntX f jvSh¿tK
`m\yjvS[m X{X hn`Py I£ymx
{ItaW tXjmw ^eamlpct\y.
AjvSh¿§Øn¬ _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶n¬ ^ekn≤nImesØ \n¿Æbn°p∂Xn\v
B cminsb F´mbn `mKn®p I£ym{IaØn\p AXns‚ ^esØ ]dbWw F∂mWv
NnecpsS A`n{]mbw
15. {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w
(17)
BenJy N{Iw \h ]q¿htcJmx
bmtaymØcÿm Zi N {XntcJmx
{]kvXmcIw jWvWhXn{]tImjvTw
]¶XyjvSIw NmjvSIh¿KPw (1) kymXv.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ ]¿÷\yI©mjvSIh¿§Pw kymXv.
Ing°p ]Sn™mdv HºXphcbpw sX°phS°v ]Xnaq∂phcbpwhc®m¬ 96
I≈nIƒ In´pw. CXnemWv hniZamb AjvSh¿§w tcJs∏SptØ- Xv. apIfn¬\n∂p
Xmtgm´v F´p I≈nIfnembn Ggp {Klßfpw e·hpw. CSØp\n∂pw hetØm´v
]{¥- p I≈nIfnembn ]{¥- p cminIƒ ˛˛ CXmWv Dt±in°p∂Xv.
(18)
tlmcmiiot_m[\ip{Ikqcy˛
`uamatc{μm¿NnX`m\p]p{Xmx
bmaymZn]¶XyjvSI(1)cmin\mYmx
{ItaW XZv_nμp^e{]Zmx kypx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ ]¿÷\y
Hcp cminsb F´m°nbXn¬ Htcm I≈n°pw B[n]Xyw e·w, N{μ≥, _p[≥,
ip{I≥, kqcy≥, IpP≥, Kpcp, i\n F∂nhbv°mWp hcpI.
(19)
cmiyjvS`mK{]YamwiImte
i\n¿ZznXotb Xp Kpcpx ^emb
I£ym{ItassWhanlm¥y`mK˛
Imte hne·w ^eZw {]ZnjvSw.
404
BZysØ I≈nbn¬ i\n, AXn\p Xmsg Kpcp, G‰hpw XmgsØ I≈nbn¬
e·w Cu {IaØnemWv I≈nIfpsS B[n]Xyw hcpI. Hcp cminsb F´p
`mKam°nbm¬ Hcp `mKØns‚ ssZ¿Lyw 3 `mK 45 Ie. taSw cmin FSp°mw. Cu
\nbaamWv AjvSh¿§Øn¬ {Klßsf ]ckv]cw _‘s∏SpØp∂Xpw IrXyamb
^e{]hN\Øn\p klmbn°p ∂Xpw.
1 DZmlcWPmXIØnse kqcys‚ {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w.
taSw CShw anYp\wI¿°SNnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›n [\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w BsI
a 0 ˛ 0 0 ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 0 8
Ip 0 0 ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 0 0 ˛ 8
c ˛ 0 0 ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 0 0 8
ip ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 0 ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 3
_p 0 ˛ ˛ 0 ˛ 0 0 ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 7
N ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 0 4
e ˛ 0 0 ˛ 0 ˛ ˛ ˛ 0 0 0 ˛ 6
2 DZmlcWPmXIØnse BsI {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w.
N c _p ip Ip Kp a BsI
taSw 1 4 6 6 2 2 2 23
CShw 5 3 3 4 3 6 2 26
anYp\w 3 4 5 5 2 5 4 28
I¿°Sw 5 4 5 4 5 3 2 28
Nnßw 6 2 3 4 1 6 4 26
I∂n 2 3 3 4 4 5 2 23
Xpemw 4 4 5 3 4 4 3 27
hr›nIw 5 2 2 2 2 6 2 21
[\p 5 5 5 5 2 3 4 29
aIcw 3 6 6 5 4 6 4 34
Ipw`w 6 6 5 3 4 5 4 33
ao\w 4 5 6 7 6 5 6 39
BsI 49 48 54 52 39 56 39 337
3 DZmlcWØn\v, kqcy\p taSØn¬ In´nb 4 _nμp°fpsS hnhcw:
1) 1 ˛ 3.45 ˛ i\n 0
2) 3.45 ˛ 7.30 ˛ Kpcp 0
3) 7.30 ˛ 11.15 ˛ IpP≥ 0
4) 11.15 ˛ 15 ˛ kqcy≥
5) 15 ˛ 18.45 ˛ ip{I≥ ˛
6) 18.45 ˛ 22.30 ˛ _p[≥ 0
7) 22.30 ˛ 26.15 ˛ N{μ≥ ˛
8) 26˛15 30 ˛ e·w ˛
405
DZmlcWPmXIØn¬, kqcymjvSh¿§Øn¬, taSØn¬ F´p `mKßfp≈Xn¬ 1,
2, 3, 6 `mKßfn¬ kqcy\p _nμp°fp- v. kqcy≥ taSØns‚ Cu `mKßfn¬
hcptºmƒ kabw A\pIqeambncn°p Ibpw sNøpw. kqcys‚ \o°w t\m°n IrXyw
XnbXnIfpw Is- Ømw.
(20)
k¿h{KlmWmw {]lntXm f jvSh¿tK
XXvImecminÿnX_nμptbmtK
AjvSm£kwJym[nI_nμht›Xv
ip`w XZqt\ hyk\w {ItaW.
k¿h{KlmWmw {]lntXm AjvSh¿tK
˛ F√m {Kl߃°pw (ta¬∏d™Xpt]mse)\n›bn°s∏´ AjvSh¿§ßfn¬
XXvImecminÿnX_nμptbmtK
˛ P\\kabsØ {KlÿnXn A\pkcn®p≈ _nμp°fn´Xn¬
AjvSm£kwJym[nI_nμht›Xv ip`w
˛ AjvSh¿§_nμpkwJy A[nIaps- ¶n¬
ip`w
˛ ip`^eap- mIpw.
XZqt\ hyk\w
˛ Aßns\bs√¶n¬ hyk\w ˛ tZmj^ew.
F√m {KlßfpsSbpw {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§an´n´v Hmtcm {KlØn\pw Hmtcm
cminbnepw F{X _nμp°fp- ∂p IW°m°Ww. Nmchim¬ Hcp {Klw Hcp
cminbn¬ k©cn°ptºmƒ B cminbn¬ B {KlØn\v At©m AXne[nItam
_nμp°fp- ¶n¬ ip`amWv.
16. k¿hmjvSh¿§w F√m {KlßfpsSbpw AjvSh¿§w tN¿∂Xv k¿hmjvSIh¿§w
DZmlcWPmXIØnse k¿hmjvSIh¿§w˛˛
ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w
39 23 26 28
Ipw`w I¿°SIw
33 BsI 28
aIcw 337 Nnßw
34 25
[\p hr›nIwXpemw I∂n
29 21 27 24
406
BsIbp≈ 337 _nμp°sf 12 cminIƒsIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ 28 In´pw.
AXp{]Imcw Ccp]sØt´m AXne[nItam _nμp°ƒ hoWn´p≈ cminIƒ ip`Ic
ambncn°pw. _nμp°ƒ IqSpw tXmdpw ^ehpw IqSpw. AXpt]mse Ccp]sØ´n¬\n∂pw
Ipdbpw tXmdpw ^ehpw Ipdbpw. k¿hmjvSIh¿§ambXn\m¬ CXv F√m{Kl߃
°pw Hcpt]msebmWv. AXmbXv, Cu PmXIØn¬ ao\w cminbn¬ Nmchim¬ F√m
{Klßfpw s]mXpsh A\pIqeambncn°pw.
(21)
bmh¥pkvXpln\cptNx ip`m¶kwÿm
bmh¥x ip``ht\ lnaZyptX¿hm
C∞w XZznZnXanlm[ntI N tX`yx (1)
kvXkvXyqt\ hn]ZnXn kqNnXw ]tcjmw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ NXp¿`n
17 {Kl߃ AjvSh¿§{]Imcw ip`^ew \¬Ip∂sXt∏mƒ?
bmh¥pkvXpln\cptNx ip`m¶kwÿm N{μ≥ AjvSh¿§_etØmsS \n¬°pI
bmh¥x ip``ht\ lnaZyptX¿hm ˛ N{μ≥ (AjvSh¿§_etØmsS)
ip``h\Øn¬ \n¬°pI
C∞w XZznZnXanlm[ntI N tX`yx ˛ Cu ÿnXnIƒ H∂ns\m∂p ip`IcamWv
kvXkvXyqt\ hn]ZnXn kqNnXw ]tcjmw.˛ CXn\p hn]coXambncp∂m¬ ^ehpw
hn]coXambncn°pw.
kqNnXw ]tcjmw. F∂p Nne¿ kqNn∏n°p∂p.
(22)
I¿Øpx kzP∑kabmhkY{KlmWmw
IrXzmjvSh¿KIYnXm£hn[m\a{X
_lz£tbmKhiXx ip`cminamk˛
`mh{KlÿnXnjp I¿aip`w hnZ[ymXv.
I¿Øpx kzP∑kabmhkY {KlmWmw ˛ P\\kabsØ {Kl\nebp- m°n
IrXzmjvSh¿KIYnXm£hn[m\a{X ˛ AjvSh¿§Øn¬ ]dbp∂ _nμp°fnSp
ºmƒ
_lz£tbmKhiXx ˛ In´p∂, IqSpX¬ _nμp°fp≈,
ip`cminamk`mh{KlÿnXnjp ˛ ip`Icamb, cmin˛amk˛`mhßfn¬
I¿aip`w ˛ I¿aKpWw, {]h¿ØnhnPbw
hnZ[ymXv. ˛ D- mIpsa∂dnbpI..
AjvSh¿§Øn¬ [mcmfw _nμp°fp≈ cmin˛amkßfn¬ hcptºmƒ {Kl߃
ip`^ew \¬Ip∂p.
407
(23)
]mt]m f ]n kzKrlÿt›Xv
`mhhr≤nw ItcmXyew
\oNmcmXnKrlÿt›Xv
IpcymX v `mh£bw {[phw.
18 ]m]{KlßfpsS KpWtZmj^e߃
]mt]m A]n kzKrlÿ tNXv ˛ ]m]cmbncp∂mepw {Kl߃ (Nmchim¬)
kzt£{XØn¬ hcptºmƒ
`mhhr≤nw ItcmXyew ˛ `mhhr≤nsb sNøp∂p.
\oNmcmXnKrlÿt›Xv ˛ \oNcminbntem i{Xpt£{XØntem
BsW¶n¬ IpcymX v `mh£bw {[phw. ˛ `mh£bhpw sNøp∂p.
(24)
tkzm®tÿm]n ipt`m `mhlm\nw Zpÿm\t]m bZn
kpÿm\]t›Xv tkzm®ÿx ]m]o `mhm\ypIqeIrXw.
Zpÿm\t]m bZn ˛ Hcp {Klw Zpÿm\m[n]\msW¶n¬
ipt`m ˛ ip`\msW¶nepw
tkzm®tÿm]n ˛ D®ÿ\msW¶nepw
`mhlm\nw ˛ `mhsØ \in∏n°p∂p.
]m]o ˛ Hcp {Klw ]m]nbmsW¶nepw
kpÿm\]t›Xv tkzm®ÿ ˛ kpÿm\m[n]\pw D®ÿ\pamsW¶n¬
`mhm\ypIqeIrXw. ˛ `mhsØ ]pjvSns∏SpØp∂p.
408
A≤mbw 24
AjvSIh¿§w (XpS¿®)
1. \n¿ΔN\߃
1. AjvSh¿§w
2. `n∂mjvSIh¿§w
3. {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w
4. {XntImWtim[\bpw GIm[n]Xytim[\bpw
5.. ip≤]nfiw
2 Nne {][m\ AjvSh¿§^e߃ .
1. kqcymjvSh¿§^ew (]nXrt¢iw)
{XntImW\£{X߃
tim[y]nfiw
tim[yhpw timjhpw.
2. N{μmjvSh¿§^ew (amXrlm\n)
3. IpPmjvSh¿§^ew (ktlmZcKpWw)
4. _p[mjvSh¿§^ew (_‘pKpWw)
5. hymgmjvSh¿§^ew (]p{XKpWw)
. 6. ip{ImjvSh¿§^ew (If{XKpWw)
7. aμmjvSh¿§^ew (PmXIs‚ arXn)
3. {XntImWtim[\
4. GIm[n]Xytim[\
5 DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ k]vX{KlßfpsS AjvSh¿§w,
tim[\Iƒ°p apºpw ]n≥]pw
6. tim[y]nfiw
7. cminKpWImc߃
8. {KlKpWImc߃
9. ImeN{I ZimKW\
10 lcW߃
11. kapZmbmjvSh¿§w
12. kapZmbmjvSh¿§^ew
409
1. \n¿ΔN\߃
1. AjvSh¿§w Hcp cminsb F´p `mKßfm°nbpw e·hpw k]vX{Klßfpw tN¿∂ F´ns\
_‘s∏SpØnbpw BWv AjvSh¿§w ImWp∂Xv. AjvSIh¿§Øn¬ Hcp cminbn¬
hcmhp∂ G‰hpw henb kwJy F´mWv. .kqcymjvSh¿§w, N{μmjvSh¿§w, IpPmjvS
h¿§w, _p[mjvSh¿§w, Kp¿hmjvSh¿§w, ip{ImjvSh¿§w, aμmjvSh¿§w, e·mjvS
h¿§w. F∂nhbmWv AjvSh¿§w.. {KlßfpsS AjvSh¿§_ew ImWp∂Xn\v D]
tbmKs∏SpØp∂ps- ¶nepw, e·mjvSh¿§w e·Øns‚ ^e{]hN\Øn\p hcp∂n√.
.
2. `n∂mjvSIh¿§w AjvSh¿§anSptºmƒ cminN{Iw hc®v AXmXv A£ßƒ°v AXmXp
{KlßfpsS t]scgpXp∂XmWv `n∂mjvSh¿§w. Hmtcm cminbnepw BcpsSsb√mw
A£amWp hoWncn°p∂sX\p a\ n°m≥ CXv D]Icn°pw.
3. {]kvXmcmjvSIh¿§w k]vX{Klßfpw e·hpw F´pw Hmtcm cminbptSbpw 1/8 `mKØns‚ ]XnIfmWv.
GXp I£ybnemtWm A£w hngp∂Xv, B `mKØp k©cn°ptºmgmWv B
AjvSh¿§ \mY≥ Xs‚ ImcIXz߃ A\pkcn®p≈ ^ew \¬Ip∂Xv. (Hcp `mKw
30/8 = 3.45 Un{Kn)
4. {XntImWtim[\bpw GIm[n]Xytim[\bpw AjvSh¿§Øn¬ Hmtcm {KlßfpsSbpw A£ßƒ C´p Ign™m¬ ]ns∂
D]cnKWnXØn\p th- n Ahsb {Ias∏SpØn FSp°p∂XmWv Ch. c- pw \∂mep
XcØn¬ sNøm\p- v
5. ip≤]nfiw AjvSh¿§Øn¬ {XntImWtim[\bpw GIm[n]Xytim[\bpw Ign®v tijap≈
A£ßsf AXmXp cminIfptSbpw AhnsS \n¬°p∂ {KlßfptSbpw KpWImcw
sIm- v vKpWn®v F√mwIqSn Iq´n°n´p∂XmWv ip≤]nfiw.
tlmcmimkv{Xw HºXma≤ymbw AjvSh¿§{]IcWamWv. AXn¬ BsI F´p
t«mIßtf D≈q ˛˛ Ggp t«mIßfn¬ Ggp {KlßfpsS AjvSIh¿§ßfpw
F´masØ t«mIØn¬ Ah ^ehn]mIsØ Fßs\ kzm[o\n°p∂psh∂pw
hnhcn°p∂p. (Cu t«mIw Ign™ A≤ymbØn¬ ]Ømwt«mIambn h∂n´p- v.) Cu
F´p t«mIfpsS hnjbsØbmWv ^e Zo]nIc- ≤ymbßfnembn 68 t«mIßfn¬
hnhcn®n´p≈Xv. BZyImeØv Nmc^ew kq£vaam°m≥ D]tbmKn®ncp∂
AjvSIh¿§w C∂v ^e{]hN\Øn\p≈ Hcp {]tXyI imJ (Ashtakavarga system of Prediction) bmbnØs∂ hf¿∂n´p- v.
^eZo]nI Ign™ A≤ymbØn¬ `n∂mjvSh¿§w, {]kvXmcmjvSh¿§w,
k¿hmjvSh¿§w, F∂nh {]Xn]mZn®p. Cu A≤ymbØn¬ AjvSh¿§sØ Iptd°qSn
kq£vam°m\p≈ {InbIfmb {XntImWtim[\, GIm[n]Xytim[\ F∂nhbpw B
tim[\Iƒ°ptijap≈AjvSh¿§wD]tbmKn®p≈ ^e{]hN\coXnbpw hnhcn°p∂p
410
2. Nne {][m\ AjvSh¿§^e߃ .
1. ]nXrt¢iw (kqcymjvSh¿§^ew) (1 ˛ 3)
A¿°ÿnXky \htam cminx ]nXrKrlx kvarXx
X{Zmin^ekwJym`n¿h¿≤tbt—m[y]nfiIw.
k]vXhnwilrXm√_v[w \£{Xw bmXn `m\ptP
Xkvan≥ Imte ]nXrt¢tim `hnjyXn \ kwibx.
XXv {XntImWKtX hm f ]n ]nXrXpeyky hm arXnx
kwtbmKx tim[ytimjmWmw tim[y]nfi CXn kvarXx.
1. A¿°ÿnXky \htam cminx - ˛ kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS HºXmwcmin.
2. ]nXrKrlx kvarXx ˛ ]nXr`mhamWv
3. XXv cmin^ekwJym`n ˛ B cminbpsS kwJysIm- v
4. h¿≤tbXv tim[y]nfiIw ˛ tim[y]nfisØ* s]cp°n AXns\
5. k]vXhnwilrXme_v[w ˛ 27 sIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ In´p∂
6. \£{Xw ˛ \£{XØn¬°qSn
7. bmXn `m\ptP ˛ i\n k©cn°ptºmƒ
6. Xkvan≥ Imte ]nXrt¢tim `hnjyXn˛ ]nXrt¢iw D- mIpw.
7. XXv {XntImWKtX hm]n ˛ AXns‚ {XntImW\£{Xßfn¬**
8. ]nXrXpeyky hm arXnx ˛ A—\p Xpey\mb Bƒ°v (DZm: ]nXr
** {XntImW\£{X߃ 1 10 19
AizXn aIw aqew
`cWn ]qcw ]qcmSw
Im¿ØnI D{Xw D{XmSw
tcmlnWn AØw XncpthmWw
aIbncw Nn{X Ahn´w
XncphmXnc tNmXn NXbw
]pW¿Xw hnimJw ]qcqcp´mXn
]qbw A\ngw D{X´mXn
Bbneyw Xrt°´ tchXn
KWnXw 1. DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ kqcy≥ CShØn¬.
CShØn¬\n∂pw HºXmwcmin aIcw.
2. B cminbpsS kwJysIm- v (kqcymjvSh¿§Øn¬ aIcØnse _nμp°ƒ
sIm- v.) AYhm BdpsIm- v tim[y]nfisØ s]cp°Ww.
tim[y]nfiw ˛ 84 (tim[y]nfiw F¥msW∂pw 84 F∂ kwJy Fßns\
In´p∂psh∂pw hgntb hnhcn°p∂p- v.)
= 84 x 6 = 504 4. 504 s\ 27 sIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ injvSw hcp∂Xv 18.
AizXnbn¬\n∂pw ]Xns\´masØ \£{Xw = Xrt°´.
411
5. i\n Xrt°´bn¬°qSn k©cn°ptºmƒ B kabØv ]nXrt¢iw
D- mIpw.
6. i\n AXns‚ (Xrt°´bpsS) {XntImW\£{Xßfmb tchXn, Bbneyw
Chbn¬ \n¬°ptºmƒ A—\p Xpey\mb Bƒ°v (]nXrktlmZc\v) acWw
kw`hn°mw.
* tim[y]nfiw kwtbmKx tim[ytimjmWmw tim[y]nfi CXn kvarXx
˛ tim[yw, timjw ChbpsS kwtbmKamWv tim[y]nfiw. (timjØn\p ]Icw
tijw F∂pw ImWp∂p.)
tim[yhpw timjhpw.
AjvSh¿§Ønse bYm¿∞kwJybpw GIm[n]Xytim[\, {XntImWtim[\
F∂nhbv°p tijap≈ kwJybpw BWv Chsb∂mWv Nne hymJymXm°fpsS
A`n{]mbw. a‰p NnecpsS A`n{]mbw CXv Xmsg 23 apX¬ 26 hscbp≈ t«mIßfn¬
]dbp∂, Bbp¿±mbØns‚ kμ¿`Øn¬ hnhcn°p∂, kwJybmWv F∂mWv. kμ¿`
hpambn IqSpX¬ tbmPn°p∂Xv AXmIbm¬ B coXnbmWv ChnsS kzoIcn®n´p≈Xv.
tUm.. _n. hn. cma\pw Cu coXnXs∂bmWv ]n¥pS¿∂n´p≈Xv.
Ccp]tØgv \£{XkwJybmW.v Ccp]tØgp \£{X߃ tNcptºmƒ Hcp
afieamIpw. (13˛20 x 27 = 360). tim[y]nfisØ AjvSh¿§wsIm- p s]cp°ptºmƒ
In´p∂ DØcw km[mcW 360 Un{Knbn¬ IqSpXembncn°pw. AXpsIm- mWv AXns\
Ccp]Øntbgp sIm- p lcn°p∂Xv. AXpt]mse lcW^ea√ injvSw hcp∂
kwJybmWv \ap°mhiyw. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw Adnbm\p- v. Cu {Inb
sNbvXp \ap°p In´p∂ h¿jw Nm{μh¿jamWv. AXns\ kuch¿jam°W sa¶n¬
324 (27 x 12) sIm- p s]cp°n 365 sIm- p lcn°Ww.
tKmNcØn¬ i\n IS∂p t]mIptºmƒ A—s‚ Bbp n\v tZmjIcamb Hcp
\£{Xwam{XamWv Ct∏mƒ In´nbn´p≈Xv. kwKXn Ipd®pIqSn hy‡amIWsa¶n¬ a‰p
Ipsd Imcy߃IqSn (A—s‚ PmXIØnse Bbp¿±mbw, acWkabw, Zim]lmc
߃, tbmK߃ XpSßnbhbpw AΩ Pohn®ncn∏ps- ¶n¬ AhcpsS PmXIØn¬
ssh[hytbmKapt- m Ds- ¶n¬ AXns‚ kabw XpSßnbhbpw) ]cnKWn°m\p- v.
]nXrktlmZcs‚ ImcyØnepw CØcw ]cntim[\Iƒ BhiyamWv.
(4)
e·mXv kptJizcmwtiiZimbmw N ]nXr£bx
kpJ\mYZimbmw hm ]nXrXpeyarXnw htZXv.
e·mXv ˛ e·Øn¬\n∂pw.
kptJizcmwtiiZimbmw ˛ \memw`mhm[n]≥ \n¬°p∂
]nXr£bx ˛ ]nXr acWap- mImw.
kpJ\mYZimbmw]nXrXpeyarXnw ˛ \memw`mhm[n]s‚ Zibn¬ ]nXrXpeycpsS
acWap- mImw.
412
DZmlcWPmXIØnse e·w ao\w. e·Øn¬\n∂pw \memw`mhw anYp\w. anYp\
Øns‚ A[n]≥ _p[≥. _p[≥ AwiIn®ncn°p∂Xv anYp\Øn¬. _p[Zibn¬
]nXrt¢iap- mIw. AXpt]mse \memw`mhm[n]s‚ Zibn¬ (_p[Zibn¬) ]nXr
XpeycpsS acWhpw kw`hn°mw.
(5, 6)
kwtim[y ]nfiw kqcyky c{‘amt\\ h¿≤tbXv
ZzmZti\ lrXmt—jcminw bmtX ZnhmItc.
XXv {XntImWKtX hm f ]n acWw Xky \n¿±ntiXv
Ghw {KlmWmw k¿thjmw Nn¥tb∑Xnam∂cx.
kwtim[y ]nfiw kqcyky ˛ kqcys‚ AjvSh¿§w tim[n®v.
c{‘amt\\ h¿≤tbXv ˛ (AXns\) F´psIm- p s]cp°n.
ZzmZti\ lrXm ˛ ]{¥- p sIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ.
tijcminw bmtX ZnhmItc ˛ _m°n hcp∂ cminbn¬ kqcy≥
hcptºmƒ.
]nXr£bx ˛ ]nXracWap- mImw.
XXv {XntImWKtX hm f ]n ˛ B cminbpsS {XntImWcminbn¬ kqcy≥
acWw Xky \n¿±ntiXv ˛ A—s‚ acWw ]dbWw.
Ghw {KlmWmw k¿thjmw ˛ C{]Imcw F√m {Klßsfs°m- pw
Nn¥tbXv aXnam≥ \cx ˛ Nn¥n°Ww.
kqcys\s°m- v A—s\°pdn®p Nn¥n°p∂Xpt]mse a‰p {Klßsfs°m- p
a‰p _‘p°sf°pdn®pw Nn¥n°Ww.
DZmlcWw/hniZoIcWw:; 1. kqcys‚ tim[y]nfisØ F´psIm- p s]cp°pI.
84 x 8 = 672.
CXns\ ]{¥- psIm- p lcn°pI.
672 / 12 = 56. _m°n 0.
A—s‚ acWØn\p km[yXbp≈ \£{Xw (\mƒ), cmin (amkw) F∂nh \ap°v
GItZiw Cßs\ KWns®Sp°mw. (A]arXyp CXn¬ s]Sn√.)
F´psIm- p s]cp°Ww F∂p ]d™Xv h¿≤tbXv F∂ kwkvIrXw hm°ns‚
ASnÿm\ØnemWv. H∂mw t«mIØnepw Cu A¿∞wXs∂bmWv sImSpØn´p≈Xv.
F∂m¬ Cu t«mIØns‚ Nne hymJym\ßfn¬ s]cp°Ww F∂Xn\p ]Icw
Iq´Ww F∂mWp ImWp∂Xv. ^eZo]nIbn¬Øs∂, CtX {Inb ]dbp∂ a‰p
t«mI߃ Cu hymJym\Øn\v (Iq´en\v) A\pIqeas√∂p ImWmhp∂XmWv.
2. amXrlm\n (N{μmjvSh¿§^ew) (7)
N{μm’pJ^ssex ]nfiw lXzm kmcmhtijnXw
i\u bmtX amXrlm\nx {XntImW¿£KtX f ]n hm.
413
(8)
N{μmXv kpJmjvStaimwi{XntImtW Znhkm[nt]
amXp¿hntbmKw X∑mtk \n¿±nti√·Xx ]nXpx
N{μmXv kpJ^ssex ... ....
˛ N{μm¬ \men¬ D≈ AjvSh¿§_nμp°sfs°m- p tim≤y ]nfisØ
s]cp°n Ccp]tØgpsIm- p lcn®m¬ hcp∂ injvSsØ AizXn apX¬°p≈
\£{X ambn FÆnbm¬ In´p∂ \£{XØn¬.
i\u bmtX ˛ i\n hcp∂ kabØp.
cmXrlm\nx ˛ amXmhns‚ acWw kw`hn°mw.
{XntImW¿£KtX A]n hm ˛ AXs√¶n¬ AXns‚ {XntImW\£{X
Øn¬i\nhcptºmgpw CXp kw`hn°mw.
N{μmXv kpJmXv ˛ N{μm¬ \mens‚.
AjvStai ˛ F´mw `mhm[n]≥
Awi ˛ AwiIn® cminbpsS \mYs‚.
{XntImtW ˛ {XntImWØn¬.
Znhkm[nt] ˛ kqcy≥ hcp∂.
X∑mtk ˛ amkØn¬
amXp¿hntbmKw \n¿±ntiXv ˛ amXmhns‚ acWw ]dbWw.
e·Xx ]nXpx ˛ C{]Imcw e·sØs°m- p ]nXmhns‚
acWtØbpw Nn¥n°Ww.
(9)
`uamØrXobcminÿ^sse¿{`mXrKpWw `thXv
_p[m¬ kpJ^sse¿∫‘pKpWw hm amXpeky N.
3. ktlmZcKpWw (IpPmjvSh¿§^ew) `uamXv XrXob cminÿ ^ssex ˛ sNmΔbn¬\n∂pw aq∂mw cminbnep≈
{`mXrKpWw `thXv ˛ ktlmZcKpWw D- mIpw.
4. _‘pKpWw (_p[mjvSh¿§^ew) _p[m¬ kpJ^ssex ˛ _p[s‚ \men¬ D≈AjvSh¿§_nμp°ƒ
sIm- v.
_‘p KpWw ˛ _‘pKpWhpw / kplrXv KpWhpw
amXpeky N. ˛ amXpeKpWhpw ]dbWw.
(10)
KpcpÿnXkpXÿmt\ bmhXmw hnZytX ^ew
i{Xp\oN{Klw(1) Xy‡zm tijmx XkymflPx kvarXmx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: Krlw
5. ]p{XKpWw (hymgmjvSh¿§^ew) KpcpÿnXkpXÿmt\ ˛ hymgØns‚ A©n¬.
bmhXmw hnZytX ^ew ˛ D≈ _nμp°fn¬\n∂pw.
i{Xp\oN{Klw Xy‡zm ˛ i{Xp{Klw, \oNØnep≈ {Klw F∂nh
tijmx Xky BflPmx ˛ _m°n hcp∂ _nμp°ƒ kqNn∏n°p∂
414
(11)
KptcmcjvSIh¿t§jp tim[y injvS^em\n ssh
{Iqccmin^ew Xy‡zm tijmx XkymflPmx kvarXmx.
a°fpsS kwJy Kptcmx AjvSIh¿t§ ˛ Kpcphns‚ AjvSh¿§sØ.
tim[y injvS^em\n ˛ tim[n®m¬ _m°n In´p∂ _nμp°fn¬
\n∂pw.
{Iqccmin^ew Xy‡zm ˛ ]m]{KlßfpsS (Ip,a) _nμp°ƒ
Ipd®m¬.
tijmx Xky BflPmx kvarXmx ˛ _m°n hcp∂Xmbncn°pw a°fpsS
kwJy.
(12)
^em[nIw `rtKm¿b{X X{X `mcym P\n¿bZn
Xky hwim`nhr≤nx kymZ¬t] £oWm¿∞k¥Xnx.
6. If{XKpWw (ip{ImjvSh¿§^ew) ^em[nIw `rtKmx b{X ˛ ip{ImjvSh¿§Øn¬A[nIw _nμp°fp≈
cminbmWv.
X{X `mcym P\nx bZn ˛ `mcybpsS P∑cminsb¶n¬.
Xky hwim`n hr≤nx kymXv ˛ hwiw A`nhr≤ns∏Spw.
A¬t∏ ˛ adn®,v AXv _nμp°ƒ Ipd™XmsW¶n¬.
£oWm¿∞k¥Xnx ˛ [\hpw k¥Xnbpw Ipd™ncn°pw.
(13)
tim[y]nfiw it\¿e·m≤Xzm c{‘^ssex kpssJx
lrXzmhtij`w bmtX atμ Poth f ]n hm arXnx.
7. PmXIs‚ arXn (aμmjvSh¿§^ew) it\x ˛ i\nbpsS.
e·m≤Xzm ˛ e·m¬ F´nse
c{‘^ssex ˛ AjvSh¿§_nμp°ƒsIm- v
tim[y]nfiw lrXzm ˛ tim[y]nfisØ s]cp°n
Ccp]tØgpsIm- p lcn®m¬
Ahtij`w ˛ In´p∂ injvSw
AizXnapX¬ FÆnbm¬ In´p∂ \£{X
Øn¬
bmtX atμ Poth f ]n hm ˛ i\n As√¶n¬ Kpcp hcptºmƒ.
arXnx ˛ acWw D- mImw.
(14)
e·mZnaμm¥^sseIykwJym˛
h¿tj hn]ØnkvXp XYm¿°]p{Xm¬
415
bmhZzne·m¥^em\n Xkvan˛
∂mtim ln XtZymKkam\h¿tj.
e·mZnaμm¥ ˛ e·w apX¬ i\n \n¬°p∂ cminhsc D≈
^sseIykwJym ... A¿°]p{Xm¬ ˛ i\nbpsS AjvSh¿§_nμp°ƒ
Iq´nbm¬ In´p∂
XtZymKkam\h¿tj. ˛ FÆØn\p Xpeyamb h¿jØn¬
hn]Ønx ˛ B]Øp- mImw.
bmhXv hne·m¥ ^em\n ˛ AXpt]mse i\n \n¬°p∂ cmin apX¬
e·w hscbp≈ cminIfn¬ BsI F{X
_nμp°ƒ Dt- m.
XtZymKkam\h¿tj ˛ AXn\p Xpeyamb h¿jØnepw
Xkvan≥ \mtim ˛ \miap- mImw.
(15)
AjvSaÿ^sse¿√·mXv ]nfiw lXzm kpssJ¿`tPXv
^eambp¿hnPm\obmXv {]mKztZzfm¥p Iev]tbXv.
8. Bbp v
AjvSaÿ^ssex e·mXv ˛ e·m¬v F´nep≈ AjvSh¿§wsIm- v.
]nfiw lXzm ˛ tim≤y]nfisØ s]cp°n.
kpssJx `tPXv ˛ Ccp]Øntbgp ( k˛7, J˛2) sIm- p
lcn®m¬
.^ew Bbpx hnPm\o bmXv ˛ In´p∂ ^ew (_nμp°ƒ) Bbp¿ssZ¿Ly
amsW∂dnbpI.
{]mKztZzfm¥p Iev]tbXv. ˛ acWkabw t\csØ ]d™Xpt]mse
.
e·m¬ F´nep≈ AjvSh¿§sØ AXmXp {KlØns‚ tim[y]nfiwtIm- p
s]cp°n Ccp]ØntbgpsIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ _m°n hcp∂hsb Iq´nbm¬
In´p∂Xp ]cambp mWv. acWkabw t«mIw ]Xnaq∂n¬ ]d™Xpt]mse.
.3. {XntImWtim[\
(16, 17)
{XntImtWjp Xp bZyq\w XØpeyw {Xnjp tim[tbXv
GIkvan≥ `ht\ iqt\y X{ØntImWw \ tim[tbXv.
`h\Zzbiqt\y Xp tim[tbZ\yaμncw (1)
katXz k¿htKtljp k¿hw kwtim[tbØZm.
(1) `h\Zzbiqt\y \ tim[tbZ\yaμncw 4
1. {XntImtWjp Xp bZyq\w XØpeyw {Xnjp tim[tbXv ˛˛
Hcp {XntImWØnse aq∂p cminIfnvepw Htc hn[Øne√ _nμp°ƒ ImWp
∂sX¶n¬, GXnemtWm _nμp°ƒ G‰hpw Ipdhv, B kwJy aq∂n¬\n∂pw
Ipd®v _m°n \n¿ØWw
416
2. GIkvan≥ `ht\ iqt\y XXv {XntImWw \ tim[tbXv ˛˛
Hcp {XntImWØnse Hcp cminbn¬ _nμp°ƒ Cs√¶n¬ B {XntImWw
tim[nt°- Xn√.
{XntImWcminIƒ:
taSw Nnßw [\p
CShw I∂n aIcw
anYp\w Xpemw Ipw`w
I¿°Sw hr›nIw ao\w
3 `h\Zzbiqt\y Xp tim[tbZ\yaμncw ˛˛
Hcp {XntImWØnse c- p cminIfn¬ _nμp°ƒ Cs√¶n¬ aq∂maØXpw
iq\yam°pI.
]mTt`Zw: (1) `h\Zzbiqt\y \ tim[tbZ\yaμncw 4 ˛˛ Cu ]mThpw
AXns‚hymJym\hpw a‰p hymJym\ßfpamtbm tUm.cmas‚ Cu hnjbØnep≈
]pkvXIhpamtbm tbmPn°p.∂n√.
4. katXz k¿htKtljp k¿hw kwtim[tbØZm ˛˛
Hcp {XntImWØnse aq∂p cminIfnsebpw _nμp°ƒ Hcpt]mse
bmsW¶n¬ aq∂pw iq\yam°Ww.
4. GIm[n]Xytim[\
c- p cminIfpsS B[n]Xyap≈ {KlßfpsS ( Ip, _p, Kp, ip, a) _nμp°ƒ
ho- pw sNdpXm°n FSp°p∂XmWv Cu {Inb. Hcp cminbpsS am{Xw B[n]Xyap≈
{KlßfpsS (c, N) _nμp°ƒ°p am‰an√.
(18 ˛ 22)
{XntImWtim[\mw IrXzm ]›mtZIm[n]XyIw
t£{XZztb ^em\n kypkvXZm kwtim[tb’p[nx (∂c)x
{Klbpt‡ ^te lot\ {Klm`mth ^em[ntI
Dut\\ kZri¥zkvan≥ tim[tbZv{Klh¿÷ntX
^em[ntI {Kssl¿bpt‡ Nm\ykvan≥ k¿hap’rtPXv
k{Klm{KlXpeytXz k¿hw kwtim[ya{KlmXv.
D`m`ymw {Kllo\m`ymw katXz kIew XytPXv
D`tbm¿{Klkwbpt‡ \ kwtim≤yw IZmN\.
GIkvan≥ `ht\ iqt\y \ kwtim≤yw IZmN\
Zzmh{Klu tNZy∂q\w XØpeyw timZtb±ztbx.
{XntImWtim[\mw IrXzm ]›mXv GIm[n]XyIw
-˛ {XntImWtim[\bv°ptijw GIm[n]Xytim[\ sNøWw.
1. t£{XZztb ^em\n kyp XZm kwtim[tbXv ˛˛
417
Hcp {KlØns‚ c- p cminIfnepw _nμp°ƒ Ds- ¶nte GIm[n]Xy tim[\
th- Xp≈q. (c- p cminIfpsS B[n]Xyap≈ {KlßfpsS AjvSIh¿§
Ønt\ Cu tim[\ D≈q.)
2 {Klbpt‡ ^te lot\ -{Klm`mth ^em[ntI tim[tbXv {Klh¿÷ntX˛˛
(Hcp {KlØns‚ c- p cminIfn¬ H∂n¬ {KlÿnXn D- mhpIbpw
cminbnse IqSpX¬ _nμp°sf.
Dut\\ kZriw Xp ˛˛{Klap≈ cminbnse _nμp°ƒ°p Xpeyam°Ww.
3. ^em[ntI {Kssl¿bpt‡ A\ykvan≥ k¿hap’rtPXv ˛˛
t\sc adn®v, {Klw \n¬°p∂ cminbn¬ _nμp°ƒ IqSpXembpw {Klan√m
Ø cminbn¬ Ipdhmbpw Ccp∂m¬ B Ipd™ _nμp°sf ]q¿Æambpw
IfbWw.
4. k{Kl A{Kl XpeytXz k¿hw kwtim[yw A{KlmXv ˛
AX√, {KltØmSpIqSnb cminbnepw AXn√mØ cminbnepw _nμp°ƒ kaam
sW∂p h∂m¬ {Klan√mØ cminbnse _nμp°sf ]msS Dt]£n°Ww.
5 D`m`ymw {Kllo\m`ymw katXz, kIew XytPXv ˛˛
C\n AXpa√, c- p cminIfnepw {Kl߃ C√mXncn°pIbpw c- nepw
_nμp°ƒ Xpeyambncn°pIbpw sNbvXm¬. c- p cminIfnsebpw
_nμp°sf XyPn°Ww.
6 D`tbmx {Klkwbpt‡ \ kwtim≤yw IZmN\ ˛˛
c- nepw {Kl߃ Ds- ¶n¬. Cu tim[\ th- Xn√.
7. GIkvan≥ `ht\ iqt\y \ kwtim≤yw IZmN\ ˛˛
c- p cminIfn¬ Hcpcminbn¬ _nμp°ƒ C√mXncp∂mepw tim[\
Bhiyan√.
8 Zzu A{Klu tNXv \q\w , XØpeyw tim[tbXv Zztbx ˛˛
c- p cminIfnepw {Kl߃ C√mXncn°pIbpw c- nsebpw _nμp°ƒ
kaa√msXbpw Ccp∂m¬,. Ipd™Xntebv°v _nμp°ƒ {Ias∏SpØWw.
GIm[n]Xytim[\ Npcp°Øn¬
1. c- nepw {Klap≈Xv ˛˛ am‰an√.
2. H∂n¬am{Xw {Klap≈Xv ˛˛
{Klap≈Xv {Klan√mØXv
1. _nμp°ƒ Ipdhv _nμp°ƒ IqSpX¬ ˛˛ c- pw Ipd™Xn\p
Xpeyam°Ww
2. _nμp°ƒ IqSpX¬ _nμp°ƒ Ipdhv ˛˛ Ipdhp≈Xv IfbWw
3. c- pw kaw ... ˛˛ {Klan√mØXp IfbWw
3. c- nepw {Klan√mØXv˛
1. c- nepw _nμp°ƒ XpeyamsW¶¬ ˛˛ c- pw IfbWw
418
2. H∂n¬ _nμp°ƒ IqSnbpw
a‰Xn¬ Ipd™pw Ccp∂m¬ ˛˛ Ipd™Xv FSp°Ww.
4. H∂n¬am{Xw _nμp°ƒ D≈Xv ˛˛ am‰an√
DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ k]vX{KlßfpsS AjvSh¿§w,
tim[\Iƒ°p apºpw ]n≥]pw
1. kqcymjvSh¿§w {XntImWtim[\ GIm[n]Xytim[\
bv°ptijw bv°ptijw
5 4 3 4 3 2 0 0 0 2 0 0
6 (48) 4 2 (15) 2 2 (8) 2
6 2 3 0 2 0
5 2 4 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. N{μmjvSh¿§w
4 1 5 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0
6 5 3 1 1 1
3 6 1 5 1 5
5 5 4 2 4 1 1 0 4 1 0 0
3. IpPmjvSh¿§w
6 2 3 2 4 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
4 5 2 3 1 3
4 1 1 0 1 0
2 2 4 4 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 1
4. _p[mjvSh¿§w
6 6 3 5 4 3 0 0 2 3 0 0
5 5 0 3 0 3
6 3 3 0 3 0
5 2 5 3 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
5. Kpcp AjvSh¿§w
5 2 6 5 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
5 3 1 0 0 0
6 6 1 4 0 4
3 6 4 5 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 0
419
6. ip{ImjvSh¿§w
7 6 4 5 5 2 0 2 1 2 0 2 3
5 4 1 0 1 0
5 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
7. i\n AjvSIh¿§w
6 2 2 4 4 0 0 1 2 0 0 1
4 2 1 0 1 0
4 4 2 2 1 2
4 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
8. k¿hmjvSIh¿§w
39 23 26 28 22 8 4 4 7 8 4 4
33 28 9 11 5 11
34 26 12 11 9 11
29 21 27 23 14 4 3 1 11 4 2 1
6. tim[y]nfiw
(23)
tim≤ymhinjvSw kwÿm]y cminamt\\ h¿≤tbXv
{Klbpt‡ f ]n X{Zmiu {Klamt\\ h¿≤tbXv.
(24)
tKmknwlu Zi`n¿KpWnXu hkp`n¿anYp\mfnt`
hWnMvtaju N ap\n`nx I\yIm aItc isscx.
(25)
tijmx kz\maKpWnXmx I¿°oNm]LSoQjmx
GtX cminKpWmx t{]m‡mx ]rYIv {KlKpWmx ]rYIv.
tim[y]nfiw ImWp∂ coXn
tim[ymhinjvSw kwÿm]y ˛ {XntImWtim[\bpw GIm[n]Xytim[\
bpw sNbvXp _m°n hcp∂ AjvSh¿§
_nμp°sf. B cminbpsS
cminamt\\ h¿≤tbXv ˛ cminam\w (cminKpWImcw) sIm- p
s]cp°Ww.
{Kl bpt‡ A]n XXv cmiu ˛ cminbn¬ {Klßfps- ¶n¬ Ahsb
{Klamt\\ h¿≤tbXv ˛ {Klam\w ({KlKpWImcw) sIm- pw
s]cp°Ww.
420
7. cminKpWImc߃
tKmknwlu ZiKpWnXu ˛ CShhpw Nnßhpw ]ØpsIm- pw
hkp`nx anYp\mfnt` ˛ anYp\hpw hr›nIhpw F´psIm- pw
hWnMv taju N ap\n`nx ˛ Xpemhpw taShpw GgpsIm- pw
I\yIm aItc isscx. ˛ I∂nbpw aIchpw A©psIm- pw
KpWn°Ww.
_m°nbp≈,
I¿°o Nm] LSo Qjmx ˛ I¿°SIw, [\p v, Ipw`w, ao\w Chsb,
kz\maKpWnXmx ˛ AhbpsS t]cp (cminN{IØnse kYm\w)
sIm- pw KpWn°Ww
(I¿°Sw ˛ 4, [\p ˛ 9, Ipw`w ˛ 11, ao\w ˛ 12)
GtX cminKpWmx t{]m‡mx ˛ ChbmWv cminKpWImc߃
]rYKv {KlKpWmx ]rYIv ˛ {KlKpWImc߃ thsdbmWv.
cminKpWImc߃ taSw CShw. anYp\w I¿°SIw Nnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw [\p aIcw Ipw`w ao\w
7. 10. 8 4 10. 5. 7. 8. 9 5 11 12
(26)
Pohmcip{Ikuaym\mw
Zihkpk]vtX{μnssbx {IamZv KpWnXm
_p[kwJym tijmWmw
cminKpWmXv {KlKpssWx ]rY°mcymx.
8. {KlKpWImc߃
Poh Bc ip{I kuaym\mw ˛ Kpcp, IpP≥, ip{I≥, _p[≥ Chsb
Zihkpk]vtX{μnssbx {IamXv ˛ 10, 8, 7, 5 F∂ {IaØnepw
_p[kwJym tijmWmw ˛ tijn®hbv°p (kqcy≥, N{μ≥, i\n)
_p[s‚ kwJybpw (5)
{KlKpWImcIßfmIp∂p.
cminKpWm¬ {KlKpWx ]rY°mcyx. ˛ (tim[\Iƒ Ign™ AjvSh¿§sØ)
cminKpWImckwJysIm- pw
{KlKpWImc kwJysIm- pw shtΔsd
s]cp°Ww.
{KlKpWImcw. kqcy≥ N{μ≥ IpP≥ _p[≥ Kpcp ip{I≥ i\n
5 5 8 5 10 7 5
Cu \nba߃sh®psIm- v DZmlcWPmXIØnse kqcys‚ tim[y]nfiw
ImWmw.
.. cminKpWImcw. (_nμp°fp≈ cminIƒ°pam{Xta CXp _m[IamIp.)
421
cminKpWImcw x kqcymjvSh¿§w
taSw 7 x 2 = 14
CShw 10 ˛ ˛
anYp\w 8 ˛ ˛
I¿°SIw 4 2 8
Nnßw 10 ˛ ˛
I∂n 5 ˛ ˛
Xpemw 7 ˛ ˛
hr›nIw 8 ˛ ˛
[\p 9 ˛ ˛
aIcw 5 2 10
Ipw`w 11 2 22
ao\w 12 ˛ ˛
BsI 54
2. {KlKpWImcw. (_nμp°fp≈ cminIfn¬ \n¬°p∂ {Kl߃°p am{Xta
Cu h¿≤\hp≈q. Hcp cminbn¬ H∂ne[nIw {Klßfps- ¶n¬
F√m‰n\pw KpWImcw H∂pXs∂).
{KlKpWImcw x kqcymjvSh¿§w
kqcy≥ 5 ˛ ˛ ˛
N{μ≥ 5 ˛ ˛ ˛
IpP≥ 8 x 2 16
_p[≥ 5 ˛ ˛ ˛
hymgw 10 ˛ ˛ ˛
ip{I≥ 7 x 2 14
i\n 5 ˛ ˛ ˛
BsI 30
3. tim[y]nfiw 54 + 30 = 84.
CXmWv kqcys‚ tim[y]nfiw. CXpt]mse a‰p {KlßfpsS tim[y]nfihpw
ImWWw.
9. AjvSh¿§ZimKW\
(27)
Ghw KpWnXzm kwtbmPy k]vX`n¿KpWtbXv ]p\x
k]vXhnwilrXm√_v[h¿jmWy{X `h¥n ln.
(28)
ZzmZimZv KpWtb√_v[m amkml¿LSnImx kvarXm ({IamXv)
k]vXhnwiXn h¿jmWn aWvUew tim[tbZv ]p\x. (1)
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ _p[x
422
1. Ghw KpWnXzm kwtbmPy
˛ C{]Imcw KpWn®p In´p∂ c- p kwJyIfpw Iq´n
(CXp Xs∂bmWv XpS°Øn¬ ]d™ tim[y]nfiw)
2. k]vX`n¿KpWtbXv ]p\x k]vXhnwilrXmx
˛ GgpsIm- p KpWn®v. Ccp]ØntbgpsIm- p lcn®m¬.
e_v[ h¿jmWn A{X `h¥n ln
˛ In´p∂Xp h¿jw.
3. ZzmZimZn KpWtbXv e_v[m amk Al LSnImx ({IamXv)
˛ _m°nbp≈Xns\ ]{¥- p sIm- p s]cp°n Ccp]tØgp sIm- p
lcn®m¬ In´p∂Xp amkw. AXns‚ _m°nsb 30 sIm- p s]cp°n
Ccp]tØgpsIm- p lcn®m¬ In´p∂Xp Znhkw. Cßs\ \mgnIbpw ImWmw.
(Aßns\ In´p∂ h¿jsØ AXv Ccp]tØgn¬ IqSpXemsW¶n¬)
4. k]vX hnwiXn h¿jmWn aWvUew tim[tbXv
˛ Ccp]tØgp h¿jwsIm- v B afiesØ tim[n°Ww.
GgpsIm- p s]cp°n Ccp]ØntbgpsIm- p lcn°¬. Cu A≤ymbØn¬ ]ebnSØpw Cu KWnXw hcp∂p- v. Hcp {KlØns‚
AjvSh¿§w hmkvXhØn¬ BsIbp≈Xns‚ (Ggp {Klw = 360 Un{Kn ) Ggn¬ Hcp
`mKta BIp∂p≈q. Ccp]tØgv \£{XkwJybmW.v Ccp]tØgp \£{X߃
tNcptºmƒ Hcp afieamIpw. (13˛20 x 27 = 360). tim[y]nfisØ GgpsIm- p
s]cp°ptºmƒ In´p∂ DØcw km[mcW 360 Un{Knbn¬ IqSpXembncn°pw.
AXpsIm- mWv AXns\ Ccp]Øntbgp sIm- p lcn°p∂Xv. AXpt]mse
lcW^ea√ injvSw hcp∂ kwJybmWv \ap°mhiyw. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw
Adnbm\p- v. Cu {InbsNbvXp \ap°p In´p∂ h¿jw Nm{μh¿jamWv. AXns\
kuch¿jam°Wsa¶n¬ 324 (27 x 12) sIm- p s]cp°n 365 sIm- p lcn°Ww.
CXv {InbbpsS Ahkm\w sNbvXm¬ aXn. ImcWw Cu h¿j߃°v GXm\pw
IrXyam°epIƒIqSn _m°nbp- v.
ChnsS a‰p aq∂p ]Xn∏pIfnepw ImWmØ Hcp t«mIw sImSpß√q¿ ]Xn∏n¬
ImWp∂p- v.
XZq¿t≤z `qan`nx tim≤yw XytPZv `qanw XZq¿≤ztI
IpPm[ntI `thZy{X P\Imt—m[tbØYm.
A¿∞w: AjvSh¿§mbp v C{]Imcw IW°m°nbm¬ Ccp]tØgn\IØmsW¶n¬
A{Xbpw Xs∂ kzoIcn°Ww. Ccp]tØgn¬ A[nIamsW¶n¬ AºØn\men¬ \n∂p
Ipdbv°Ww. AºØn\mene[nIambm¬ AºØn\mep Ipdbv°Ww. F¨]sØm
∂ne[nIambm¬ \qs‰´n¬\n∂p Ipdbv°Ww. hnjbw apIfn¬ ]d™XpXs∂ .
10 lcW߃
(29)
At\ym f \ya¿≤lcWw {Klbpt‡ Xp ImctbXv
\otN f ¿≤akvX(tK)tI f ]y¿≤lcWw tXjp ImctbXv.
423
1. At\ym\yw A¿≤lcWw {Klbpt‡ Xp ImctbXv ˛
˛ Hcp cminbn¬ H∂ne[nIw {Klßfps- ¶n¬ Hmtcm∂nt‚bpw ]IpXn
hoXw Ipdbv°Ww.
2. \otN A¿≤akvX(tK)tI A]n A¿≤lcWw tXjp ImctbXv
˛ \oNhpw auVyhpap≈ {Kl߃°pw ]IpXn hoXw IfbWw.
(30)
i{Xpt£t{X {Xn`mtK\ Zriym¿≤lcWw XYm
{Xywtim\lcWw `wtK kqtcytμzmx ]mXkw{ibmXv.
3 i{Xpt£t{X {Xn`mtK\ ˛ i{Xpt£{XØn¬ aq∂n¬ H∂v.
4. Zriym¿≤lcWw XYm ˛ Zriym¿≤lcWhpw thWw.
(A≤ymbw 22. t«mIw 19 ImWpI)
5. {Xywtim\lcWw cW`wtK ˛ bp≤Øn¬ tXm‰ {Klw ˛ 1/ 3 `mKw
Ipdbv°Ww.
6. kqtcytμzmx ]mXkw{ibmXv ˛ kqcyN{μ∑m¿ ]mXØnemsW¶n¬
1/ 3 Ipdbv°Ww. (]mXw ˛ {KlWw.)
DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ CXp c- pan√.
1. DZmlcWPmXIØn¬ cNIp_pip ChbpsS ]IpXn Ipdbpw.
2. \oNw ˛ C√. auVyw ˛ _p. 1/2
3. i{Xpt£{XÿnXn ˛ kqcy≥ ˛ 1/3
4. Zriyw ˛ C√.
5. {Klbp≤w ˛ C√.
6. {KlWw ˛ C√.
(31)
_lptXz lctW {]m]vtX ImctbXv _ehØcw
]›mXv XXv kIem≥ IrXzm hcmwtKW hnh¿≤tbXv.
(32)
amXMvKe_v[w ip≤mbp¿`hXoXn \ kwibx
]p¿hh±namkm_vZm≥ IrXzm Xky Zim `thXv.
7. _lptXz lctW {]m]vtX ImctbXv _ehØcw
˛ Hcp {KlØn\p ]e lcW߃ hcp∂ps- ¶n¬ G‰hpw A[nIap≈Xam{Xw
Ipdbv°pI. (H∂ne[nIw kwJy Ipdbv°m\ps- ¶n¬ G‰hpw
IqSpXep≈Xpam{Xw Ipdbv°m≥ \n¿Øn _m°nsb√mw IfbWw.)
DZm. kqcy\v 1/2, 1/3 F∂nßs\ c- p lcWßfp≈Xn¬ 1/2 am{Xw Ipd®m¬ aXn
.8. ]›mXv XXv kIem≥ IrXzm ˛ ]ns∂ Ahsb F√mw Iq´n
hcmwtKW hnh¿≤tbXv ˛ h c K 4 2 3 ˛ 324 sIm- p KpWn®v
amXMvKe_v[w ˛ amXwK ˛ a X K 563 ˛ 365 sIm- p lcn®m¬
ip≤mbpx `hXn ˛ IrXyamb Bbp v In´pw
CXn \ kwibx ˛ kwibw th- .
(Nm{μh¿jsØ kuch¿jam°m\p≈ {InbbmWnXv) .
424
(33)
Ghw {KlmWmw k¿thjmw Zimw Ipcym¬ ]rYIv ]rYIv
AjvSh¿KZimam¿Kx k¿thjmapØtamØax
Ghw {KlmWmw k¿thjmw ˛ Cßs\ F√m {KlßfpsSbpw
Zimw Ipcym¬ ]rYIv ]rYIv ˛ Zi (Bbp v) thsd thsd ImWWw.
{Inbm{Iaw: 1. AjvSIh¿§w ImWpI
2. {XntImW˛GIm[n]Xytim[\Iƒ sNøpI
3. _m°n hcp∂Xns\ cmin˛{KlKpWImc߃sIm- p s]cp°n,
F√mw Iq´n tim≤y]nfiw ImWpI.
(DZmlcWPmXIØnse kqcys‚ tim≤y]nfiw 84 (t]Pv 549 ImWpI)
4. CXns\ GgpsIm.- p s]mcp°n Ccp]tØgp sIm.- p lcn°pI.
84 x 7 / 27 = 21.78 5. CXv kqcys‚am{Xw AjvSh¿§mbp mWv. AXpsIm- #v CXp t]mse a‰v
Bdp {KlßfpsS IqSn Bbp¿ h¿jw I- p Iq´pI
6. Cu Bbp ns\ apIfn¬ ]d™ \mep lcW߃ \SØn ip≤am°pI.
Cßns\ In´p∂ h¿jßfmWv AjvSh¿§ ]cambp v.
tim[y afiew
{Klw ]nfiw {Inb DØcw tim[\ _m°n lcWw _m°n
kqcy≥ 84 x7/27 21.78 ˛ 21.78 1/2, 1/3 10.89
N{μ≥ 206 53.41 27 26.41 1/2 13,20
IpP≥ 90 23.33 ˛ 23.33 1/2 11.66
_p[≥ 135 35. 27 8. ˛ 1/2, 1/2. 4. ˛
hymgw 163 42.25 27 15.25 15.25
ip{I≥ 104 26.96 ˛ 26.96 1/2 13.48
i\n 111 28.78 27 1. 78 1.78
BsI 893 231.51 108 123.51 70.26
70.26 Nm{μh¿jamWv. CXns\ kuch¿jam°Ww.
70.26 x 324/365 = 62.36 h¿jw.
.38 h¿jsØ amkam°ptºmƒ .36 x 12 / 100 = 4.32 amkw.
.56 amksØ Znhkam°ptºmƒ 56 x 30 = 9.6 Znhkw.
AjvSIh¿§w Bbp¿±mbw 62 h¿jw 4 amkw 17 Znhkw
(CXvv F√m {KlßfpsSbpw Zi tN¿∂XmWv.)
AjvSh¿KZimam¿Kx k¿thjmapØtamØax
˛ Cu AjvSh¿KZimcoXn a‰v F√m Bbp¿±mbKWnX kºZmbtØ°mfpw
DØaamWv.
425
v.11. kapZmbmjvSh¿§w (34)
_mtem _enjvtTm ehWmKtam kptcm
cmKo apcmcnx inJco{μKmYbm
`utam KtWt{μm eLp `mhXmw kptcm.
tKmI¿Æc‡m Xp ]pcmWssaYneo.
(35)
cp{Z ]cw Klzcss`chÿeo
cmKo _eo `mkzcKo¿`KmNemx
Kncu hnhkzm≥ _ehZznh£bm
iqeo aa {]oXnItcm f {X Xo¿∞IrXv.
_mtem _enjvtTm ehWmKtam kptcm
3 3 3 3 2 3 4 5 3 5 7 2 (c˛43)
cmKo apcmcn inJco{μKmYbm
2 3 5 2 2 5 2 2 2 3 7 1 (N˛36)
`utam KtWt{μm eLp`mhXmw kptcm.
4 5 3 5 2 3 4 4 4 6 7 2 (Ip˛49)
tKmI¿Æc‡m Xp ]pcmWssaYneo.
3 1 5 2 6 6 1 2 5 5 7 3 (_p˛46)
cp{Z ]cw Klzcss`chÿeo
2 2 1 2 3 4 2 4 2 4 7 3 (Kp˛36)
cmKo _eo `mkzcKo¿`KmNemx
2 3 3 3 4 4 2 3 4 3 6 3 (ip˛40)
Kncu hnhkzm≥ _ehZznh£bm
3 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 6 1 (a˛42)
iqeo aa {]oXnItcm{X Xo¿∞IrXv.
5 3 5 5 2 6 1 2 2 6 7 1 (e˛ 45)
DZmlcWPmXIØnse kapZmbmjvSh¿§w ta C an I Nn I Xp hr [ a Ipw ao BsI
kqcy≥ 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 5 3 5 7 43
N{μ≥ 1 2 3 5 2 2 5 2 2 2 3 7 36
IpP≥ 4 5 3 5 2 3 4 4 4 6 7 2 49
_p[≥ 3 3 1 5 2 6 6 1 2 5 5 7 46
Kpcp 2 4 7 3 2 2 1 2 3 4 2 4 36
ip{I≥ 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 3 4 3 6 3 40
i\n 6 1 3 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 42
e·w 3 5 5 2 6 1 2 2 6 7 1 5 45
BsI 23 26 28 28 25 24 27 21 29 34 33 39 337
Ign™ A≤ymbØn¬ sImSpØ k¿hmjvSh¿§hpw ChnsS ]dbp∂ kapZmbm
jvSh¿§hpw XΩnep≈ hyXymkw BZytØX v{Kl]chpw CXp cmin]chp
amsW∂XmWv. BZytØXn¬ k]vX{KlßfpsS _nμp°ƒ 48, 49, 39, 54, 56, 52, 39
426
F∂ {IaØnemsW¶n¬ CXn¬ 43, 36, 49, 46, 36, 40, 42, 45 F∂ {IaØnemWv hcp∂Xv.
DZmlcWw˛˛
c N Ip _p Kp ip a e BsI
k¿h 48 49 39 54 56 52 39 ˛˛ 337
kapZmb 43 36 49 46 36 40 42 45 337
a‰p hn[Øn¬ ]d™m¬, BZytØXv {Kl߃°p Xßfn¬\n∂pw a‰p
{Klßfn¬ \n∂pw Hmtcm cminbnepw In´p∂ _nμp°fmWv. c- matØXv {Kl߃
X߃°pw a‰p {Kl߃°pw sImSp°p∂ , Hmtcm cminbnepw hogp∂, _nμp°fmWv.
e·mjvSh¿§w hgnbp≈ Cu hyXymksamgn®m¬ thsd _m°nsb√m w HØp t]mIpw.
DZmlcWPmXIØnse kapZmbmjvSh¿§w
ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w
39 23 26 28
Ipw`w I¿°SIw
33 BsI 28
aIcw 337 Nnßw
34 25
[\p hr›nIwXpemw I∂n
29 21 27 24
36)
k¿hI¿a^temt]Xw AjvSh¿KIapNytX
A\yYm _ehn⁄m\w Zp¿t⁄bw KpWtZmjPw.
k¿hI¿a^temt]Xw AjvSh¿KIapNytX˛ F√m I¿Ω^eßfpw kq£vaambn
ImWn°p∂XmWv AjvSIh¿§k{ºZmbw
A\yYm ˛ as‰mcp hn[Ønepw
KpWtZmjPw ˛ KqWtZmj^eßsf ImWn°p∂.
_ehn⁄m\w ˛ {Kl_ehpw cmin_ehpw
Zp¿t⁄bw ˛ CXpt]mse Adnbm≥ Ignbn√ ..
12. kapZmbmjvSh¿§^ew
(37)
{Xnwim[nI^em tb kyq cmibkvtX ip`{]Zmx
]©hnwimXv]cw a≤yw IjvSw XkvamZ[x ^ew.
{Xnwim[nI^em ˛ ap∏Xn¬ A[nIw _nμp°fp≈.
cmibx ip`{]Zmx ˛ cminIƒ ip`^e{]ZamWv.
]©hnwimXv]cw a≤yw ˛ Ccp]Ønb©v ˛ ap∏Xp _nμp°ƒ
a≤yaw.
IjvSw XkvamXv A[x ^ew ˛ Ccp]Ønb©n¬ Ipd™m¬ IjvS^ew.
427
(38)
a[ymXv^em[nIw emt` em`mXv £oWXtc hytb
bky hybm[ntI et· t`mKhm\¿Yhm≥ `thXv.
a[ymXv ^em[nIw emt` ˛ ]Xns\m∂mw`mhØn¬ ]Ømw`mhØnt\°mƒ
IqSpX¬ _nμp°ƒ D- mhpI.
em`mXv £oWXtc hytb ˛ ]{¥- mw`mhØnn¬ ]Xns\m∂mw `mhØn
t\°mƒ _nμp°ƒ Ipdhmbncn°pI.
bky hybm[ntI et· ˛ e·Øn¬ ]{¥- mw`mhØnnt\°mƒ A[nIw
_nμp°ƒ D- mhpI.
Cßs\ h∂m¬.
t`mKhm≥ A¿Yhm≥ `thXv ˛ kpJ߃A\p`hn°p∂h\pw [\nI\pw
BIpw.
(39)
aq¿XymZn hyb`mhm¥w ZrjvSzm `mh^em\n ssh
A[ntI tim`\w hnZym≤ot\ tZmjw hn\n¿ZtiXv.
aq¿XymZn hyb`mh¥w ZrjvSzm ˛ e·wapX¬ ]{¥- mw `mhwhsc.
hnebncpØnbn´v.
A[ntI tim`\w hnZymXv ˛ _nμp°ƒ IqSpXep≈ `mh߃
tim`\ambncn°psa∂pw.
lot\ tZmjw ˛ _nμp°ƒ Ipdhp≈ `mh߃
tZmjIcambncn°psa∂pw.
`mh^em\n ˛ `mh^ew.
hn\n¿ZtiXv ˛ \n¿t±in °Ww.
(40)
jjvTmjvSahybmwkvXy‡zm titjtjzh {]Iev]tbXv
t{ijvTcminjp k¿hmWn ip`ImcymWn ImctbXv.
k¿hmWn ip`ImcymWn ˛ F√m ip`Imcyßfpw.
jjvTmjvSahybmw Xy‡zm ˛ 6˛8˛12 `mh߃ Ign®v.
titjjp ˛ _m°nbp≈hbn¬,
t{ijvT cminjp ˛ _nμp°ƒ IqSpXep≈ cminIfn¬.
ImctbXv ˛ sNøWw.
(41)
e·mXv{]`qXn (1) aμm¥taIoIrXy ^em\n ssh
k]vX`n¿KpWtbX v]›mXv k]vXhnwilrXmX v^ew.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ {]`rXn
(42)
X’am\KtX h¿tj ZpxJw hm tcmKam]v\pbmXv
Ghw aμmZn e·m¥w `uamcmtlzmkvXYm ^ew.
428
e·mXv{]`qXn aμm¥w ˛ e·wapX¬ i\nhscbp≈
GIoIrXy ^em\n ssh ˛ _nμp°sf Iq´n.
k]vX`nx KpWtbXvv ˛ GgpsIm- p s]cp°n.
k]vXhnwi lrXmXv ^ew ˛ Ccp]ØntbgpsIm- p lcn°ptºmƒ
In´p∂ kwJybpsS.
kam\KtX h¿tj ˛ Xpeyamb h¿jØn¬.
ZpxJw hm tcmKw B]v\pbmXv ˛ ZpJw As√¶n¬ tcmKw D- mIpw.
Ghw aμmZn e·m¥w ˛ Cßs\ i\n apX¬ e·whscbpw
sNøWw.
`uam cmtlzm XYm ^ew
˛ i\nsbs°ms- ∂t]mse IpPs\s°m- pw cmlphns\s°ms- pw
Cßns\ {Inb sNbvXp Nn¥n°Ww.
(43)
ip`{KlmWmw kwtbmKx kam\m_vtZ ip`w `thXv
]p{XhnØkpJmZo\n e`tX \m{X kwibx.
ip`{KlmWmw kwtbmKx kam\m_vtZ ip`w `thXv
˛ Cßs\ ip`scs°m- p {Inb sNbvXp In´p∂Xn\p Xpeyamb h¿jØn¬
. ip`^eap- mIpw.
]p{XhnØkpJmZo\n e`tX \m{X kwibx.
˛ ]p{X≥, hnØw, kpJw F∂nh e`n°pw. kwibw th- .
(44)
kw{KtlW abm t{]m‡ajvSh¿^ew Xznl
Xss⁄¿hnkvXcXx t{]m‡a\y{X ]Sp_p≤n`nx.
kw{KtlW abm t{]m‡w AjvSh¿K^ew
˛ Cßs\ AjvSh¿§^ew F∂m¬ Npcp°Øn¬ ]dbs∏´p.
XXv ss⁄x hnkvXcXx t{]m‡w A\y{X ]Sp_p≤n`nx
˛ Cu hnjbw [njWmimenIfm¬ AhcpsS {KŸßfn¬ hnkvXcn®p
]dbs∏´n´p- v.
429
A≤ymbw 25
D]{Kl߃
1 amμn
1. KpfntImZbw
. 2 AjvSmwikabcoXn
3 AjvSmwikab`mKßfpsS {Klm[n]Xyw
4 KpfntImZbw
5 Ie- dnse KpfnIImew XpSßnbhbnse Aimkv{XobX
(1) KpfnIImew
(2.) baI- IImew
(3). cmlpImew
2. KpfnIs\t∏mse DZn°p∂ a‰v D]{Kl߃
1. baI- I≥
2. A¿≤{]lmc≥
3. Ime≥
3. kqcykv^pSw ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ D]{Kl߃
1. [qaw
2. hyXo]mXw
3. ]cnthjw (]cn[n)
4. C{μ[\p v
5. D]tIXp
4. (1) amμn ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew
(2) amμn a‰p {KlßfpsS IqsS \n∂mep≈ ^ew
5 D]{KlßfpsS KpWtZmj^e߃
6 [qamZn D]{Kl^ew
7 ^eZm\kabw
8 D]tIXp e·w XpSßnb ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew.
430
(1)
v \aman amμnw baI- ImJy˛
a¿≤{]lmcw `phn Imekw⁄w
[qahyXo]mX]cn[r`nJym˛
\p]{Klm\n{μ[\p› tIXq≥.
amμnw ˛ amμn AYhm KpfnI≥
baI- ImJyw ˛ baI- I≥
A¿≤{]lmc ˛ A¿≤{]lc≥
Imekw⁄w ˛ Ime≥
[qa hyXo]mX ]cn[r`nJym≥ ˛ [qaw, hyXo]mXw, ]cn[n
C{μ[\p› tIXq≥ ˛ C{μ[\p v, (D])tIXp (F∂o)
D]{Klm\n ˛ D]{Klßsf
\aman ˛ Rm≥ \akvIcn°p∂p
{Klw D]{Klw
1. kqcy≥ Ime
2. N{μ≥ ]cn[n (]cnthjw)
3. IpP≥ [qa
4. _p[≥ A¿≤{]lmc
5. Kpcp baI- I
6. ip{I≥ C{μNm]w (C{μ[\p v, tImZfi
7. i\n KpfnI≥ (amμn)
8. cmlp hyXo]mXw (]mX)
9. tIXp D]tIXp (inJn)
Cu D]{Kl߃ H∂n\pwXs∂ imkv{XZrjvSym AkvXnXzan√. cmlptIXpIƒ°v
AhImis∏Smhp∂ \ngens‚ ASnÿm\wt]mepan√. hmkvXhsa¥msW∂psh®m¬
Ch GXm\pw KWnX^e߃am{XamWv. CXn¬ KpfnI≥, baI- I≥, A¿≤
{]lmc≥, Ime≥ F∂nhsb AjvSmwikabcoXn A\pkcn®pw [qaw, hyXo]mXw,
]cn[n, C{μNm]w, D]tIXp F∂nhsb kqcykv^pSw ASnÿm\am°nbpamWv KWn
s®Sp°p∂Xv. HcpImcyw IqSn. AjvSmwicoXnbn¬ kqcys‚ kabØmWv DZn°p∂
sX¶n¬°qSn ^eZm\hnjbØn¬ Ime≥ cmlphns\t∏msebmWv.
(2)
Ncw cp{ZZmkyw LSw \nXyXm\w
J\n¿amμn\mVyx {ItaWm¿°hmcm¬
Al¿Ωm\hr≤n£bu X{X Imcyu
\nimbmw Xp hmtcizcmXv ]©amZymx.
1. amμn (KpfnI≥)
1. KpfntImZbw
431
Ncw cp{Z Zmkyw LSw \nXy Xm\w J\nx
62 22 81 41 01 60 20 AXmbXv
26 22 18 14 10 6 2 Cu \mgnI{IaØn¬
amμn\mVyx {ItaW A¿°hmcm¬
˛ amμnbpsS AYhm KpfnIs‚ RmbdmgvN apX¬ Ggp Znhkßfnsebpw DZbw.
Al¿Ωm\hr≤n£bu X{X Imcyu -
˛ (KpfntImZbw IW°m°ptºmƒ) Zn\am\Øns‚ G‰°pd®nepIƒIqSn
]cnKWn°Ww.
\nimbmw Xp hmtcizcmXv ]©amZymx
˛ ]IetØXns‚ A©masØ ZnhktØXmbncn°pw. cm{Xnbnse
KpfntImZbw
2. AjvSmwikabcoXn kqcy≥ apXemb k]vX{Kl߃°p kabw ]¶psh®p \¬Ip∂ Hcp
coXnbmWnXv. 60 \mgnI ssZ¿Lyap≈ Hcp ZnhksØ BZyw ]I¬kabsa∂pw
cm{Xnkabsa∂pw c- mbn hn`Pn°p∂p. ]n∂oSv Hmtcm `mKtØbpw F´mbn `mKn
°p∂p. kqcy≥, N{μ≥, IpP≥, _p[≥, Kpcp, ip{I≥, i\n F∂ {IaØn¬ Hmtcm
`mKhpw k]vX{KlßfptSXmWv. F´masØ `mKw A\mYamWv. (Nne¿ CXv F´masØ
{Klamb cmlphn\p \¬Ip∂pap- v. AXmWv cmlpImew.)
]I¬ kqtcymZbØn¬\n∂pw Bcw`n°p∂p. ]Iens‚ BZy`mKw
hmcm[n]t‚XmWv. AXpt]mse cm{Xn kqcymkvXa\Øn¬\n∂pw Bcw`n°p∂p. BZy
`mKw A©mw hmcm[n]t‚Xpw. DZmlcWØn\v, i\nbmgvN ]I¬ i\nbn¬\n∂pw
cm{Xn _p[\n¬\n∂pw XpSßp∂p. (kuIcyØn\pth- n Cßs\bp≈ kab`mK
߃°p aq¿ØnXzw k¶¬∏n®v Hmtcm t]cp sImSpØXmWv Cu D]{Kl\ma߃.)
3. AjvSmwi kab`mKßfpsS {Klm[n]Xyw `mKw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
\mgnI 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 ˛
Rmb¿ c N Ip _p Kp ip a -˛
Xn¶ƒ N Ip _p Kp ip a c ˛
sNmΔ Ip _p Kp ip a c N ˛
_p[≥ _p Kp ip a c N Ip ˛
hymgw Kp ip a c N Ip _p ˛
sh≈n ip a c N Ip _p Kp ˛
i\n a c N Ip _p Kp ip ˛
1. i\nbmgvN ]I¬ KpfntImZbw. ˛ a
2. i\nbmgvN cm{Xn KpfntImZbw.
(A©mwhmcm[n]≥) ˛ _p
3. AjvSmwiØn¬ i\nbpsS kab`mKamWv KpfnI\p hcpI.
432
4 KpfntImZbw : ]I¬ / cm{Xn KpfntImZb\mgnI ]I¬ cm{Xn
Rmb¿ 26 10
Xn¶ƒ 22 6
sNmΔ 18 2
_p[≥ 14 26
hymgw 10 22
sh≈n 6 18
i\n 2 14
KWnXw DZmlcWw ˛ KpfntImZbw i\nbmgN ]I¬
]Iens‚ \ofw ]{¥- p aWn°qdmsW∂p IcpXpI. ]Iens\ F´p sIm- p
lcn®p F´p `mKam°pI. Hcp `mKw H∂caWn°q¿ hcpw. BZysØ `mKw hmcm[n]
\mWv. i\nbmgvNbmbXn\m¬ ChnsS AXp i\n°mWv. ASpØXv RmbmgvNbpsS
{Klw kqcy\v. ]ns∂ Xn¶fmgvNbpsS {Klw N{μ\v. Cu {IaØn¬ Xs∂ a‰p≈hbpw.
F´masØ `mKw iq\yw.
5. Ie- dnse KpfnIImew XpSßnbhbnse Aimkv{XobX Ie- ¿ t\m°nbm¬ i\nbmgvNIfn¬ aq∂pXcw tZmjkab߃ ImWmw.
1. cmlpImew 9 10.30
2. KpfnIImew 6 7.30
3. baI- IImew 1..30 ˛ 3.
CsXßns\bmWp hcp∂sX∂p t\m°mw.
(1.) KpfnIImew
Zn\am\w 30 \mgnI (12 aWv°q¿) BsW¶n¬ F´p `mKßfpsSbpw ssZ¿Lyw
`mKw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(\mgnI) 30˛4 4˛8 8˛12 12˛16 16˛20 20˛24 24˛28 28˛2
D]{KlßfpsS DZb\mgnI AYhm AjvSmwiØns‚ a≤y`mKw˛˛
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30
aWn°qdnemIptºmƒ 1 `mKw H∂c aWn°q¿
DZbw 6 aWn°mIptºmƒ˛˛
i\nbmgvN Hmtcm kab`mKhpw Bcw`n°p∂Xv˛˛
(aWn) 6 AM 7.30 AM 9AM 10.30AM 12AM 1.30PM 3 PM 4.30 PM
A[n]¿ a c N Ip _p Kp ip -˛
i\nbmgvN BZy`mKw i\n°v AYhm i\nbpsS D]{Klamb KpfnI\v.
AXpsIm- v i\nbmgvN ]Iense KpfnIImew 6 AM apX¬ 7.30 AM hsc.
(2) baI- IImew
AXpt]mse i\nbmgvNbnse BdmasØ `mKw hymgØns‚ AYhm hymgØns‚
D]{Klamb baI- It‚XmWv. Aßs\ A∂p 1.30 apX¬ 3 hsc baI- I
Imeambn.
433
(3). cmlpImew
iq\yw hcp∂ F´masØ `mKw F´masØ {Klamb cmlphn\p sImSpØm¬
cmlpImeambn. F∂m¬ Ie- dnse coXn CX√.
BgvN coXn 1 coXn 2
Rmb¿ 8˛masØ `mKw 8˛masØ `mKw
Xn¶ƒ 7 ,, 2 ,,
sNmΔ 6 ,, 7 ,,
_p[≥ 5 ,, 5 ,,
hymgw 4 ,, 6 ,,
sh≈n 3 ,, 4 ,,
i\n 2 ,, 3 ,,
c- masØ coXn ]ctZinbmWv. AXmWv Ie- dn¬ sImSp°p∂Xv.
CXp{]ImcamWv i\nbmgvN 9 apX¬ 10.30 hsc cmlpImew hcp∂Xpw.
`mcXob tPymXnjØns‚ ASnÿm\{KŸamb tlmcmimkv{XØn¬ A]q¿h
ambmWv cmlp {]Xy£s∏Sp∂XpXs∂. AXpw Hcp kl\Ss‚ tdmfn¬ am{Xw.
Xs∂b√, 6 aWn°v DZbw hcpI hncen¬ FÆmhp∂ Znhkßfn¬ am{XamWpXm\pw.
Npcp°Øn¬ Ie- dnse 6 aWn°v DZbw ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ cmlpImew
Akw_‘amWv.
2. KpfnIs\t∏mse DZn°p∂ a‰v D]{Kl߃
(Ch cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw IrXykabßfn¬ DZn°p∂p.)
(3)
Znhym LSo \nXyX\px J\o\mw
Nt{μ cpcpx kymZyaI- Iky
A¿≤{]lmcky `Sm \tS\
kvX\u J\o N{μJcu Pb⁄x.
1. baI- I≥ baI- Iky baI- Is‚ DZb\mgnIIƒ
Rmb¿ Xn¶ƒ sNmΔ _p[≥ hymgw sh≈n i\n ({IaØn¬)
Znhym LSo \nXy X\px J\o\mw Nt{μ cpcp
81 41 01 60 200 62 22 AXmbXv
18 14 10 6 2 26 22
2. A¿≤{]lmc≥ A¿≤{]lmcs‚ DZb\mgnIIƒ
Rmb¿ Xn¶ƒ sNmΔ _p[≥ hymgw sh≈n i\n {IaØn¬
`Sm \tS\ X\u J\o N{μ Jcu Pb
41 010 60 20 62 22 81 AXmbXv
14 10 6 2 26 22 18
434
(4)
Imeky t^\w Xcpcp{ZZnhyw
htμym \SkvssXc\p kqcyhmcmXv
Gjmw kaw amμnhtZhXØ˛
∂mVym kv pSw e·hZ{X km≤yw.
3. Ime≥ Imeky ˛ Ime≥ F∂ D]{KlØns‚ DZbw
t^\w Xcp cp{Z Znhyw htμym \S tX
20 62 22 81 41 01 6 AXmbXv
2 26 22 18 14 10 6 Cu {IaØn¬
Rmb¿ Xn¶ƒ sNmΔ _p[≥ hymgw sh≈n i\n Znhkßfn¬
\nimbmw Xp hmtcizcmXv ]©amZym F∂ \nbaw Chbv°pw _m[IamWv.
kv^pSw ImWp∂ coXn DZmlcWw i\nbmgvN cm{Xn P\\w. CShamkw
DZbw 6˛03. AkvXa\w 6˛46. ÿew Xriq¿.
CShamkambXn\m¬ Zn\am\w IqSpXepw cm{Xn Ipdhpambncn°pw.
aWn an\n‰v
AkvXa\w 6˛46 PM AYhm 18 46
DZbw 6 03
]Iens‚ \ofw 12 43
]I¬ IqSpXep≈ kabw (43 an\n‰v) cm{Xnbn¬ Ipdbpw.
ASpØ DZbw 6˛03 AYhm 18 03
AkvXa\w 6 48
cm{XnbpsS ssZ¿Lyw 11 17
11 aWn°q¿ 17 an\n‰v F∂p ]d™m¬ 677 an\n‰v. CXns\ F´psIm- p lcn
°ptºmƒ 84 an\n‰pw Ipd®p sk°‚pw AXmbXv 1 aWn°q¿ 24 an\n‰p hcpw. \ΩpsS
P\\w i\nbmgvN bmbXn\m¬ A©masØ hmcm[n]≥ AXmbXv _p[‚
kabamWv BZyw hcpI.
1) i\nbmgvN cm{Xn BZykab`mKw 6˛46 +1˛24 = 8˛10 hsc. {Klw _p[≥.
(]Iens‚, i\nbmgvNbpsS, A©mwhmcØns‚, _p[\mgvNbpsS A[n]≥). _p[s‚
D]{Klw A¿≤{]lmc≥. 6-˛-46s‚ e·w ImWpI.. hr›nIw In´pw. hr›nIcminbn
embncn°pw At∏mƒ A¿≤{]lmcs‚ ÿnXn.
2) c- masØ kab`mKw 8˛10 + 1˛24 = 9.34 hsc. _p[≥ Ign™m¬ ASpØ
{Klw Kpcq. Kpcphns‚ D]{Klw baI- I≥. 8˛10s‚ e·w [\p. baI- IÿnXn
[\phn¬.
3) aq∂masØ kab`mKw 9˛34 + 1˛24 = 10˛58 hsc. {Klw ip{I≥
(ip{Is‚ D]{Klw [qamZn ]©kv^pSØnemWp hcp∂Xv.)
435
4) \memasØ kab`mKw 10˛58 + 1˛24 = 12 ˛22 hsc. {Klw i\n.
D]{Klw KpfnI≥. 10˛58s‚ e·w aIcw. KpfnI≥ aIcØn¬.
5) A©masØ kab`mKw 12 ˛22 + 1˛24 = 1.46 hsc. {Klw chn. D]{Klw
Ime≥. 12˛22s‚ e·w Ipw`w. Ime≥ Ipw`Øn¬.
amμnbpw KpfnI\pw ^eZo]nIbn¬ amμnbpw KpfnI\pw H∂mWv. {Klsa∂ \nebv°p \nehnep≈
kv^pSw sh®p {Inb sNøptºmƒ DZmlcWPmXIØnse amμnkv^pSw Ip`w 15˛45
BWp In´pI. F∂m¬ D]{Klsa∂ \nebv°p i\nbpsS AjvSmwikabw sh®p
IW°p sNøptºmƒ CXp aIcØn¬ hcpw.
(5)
[qtam thZKrsslkv{XtbmZi`n˛
c]ywssi tatX chu
kymØkvan≥ hyXn]mXtIm hnKfntX
N{ImZYmkvan\yptX
jUv`n¿ss`x ]cnthj C{μ[\pcn˛
Xykvan≥ NyptX afiem˛
ZXyjvSywibptX f {X tIXpcY
Xss{XI¿£bpt‡m chnx.
3. kqcykv^pSw ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ D]{Kl߃
_m°nbp≈ A©v D]{KlfpsS tcJmwiw ([qamZn ]©kv^pSw) ImWp∂
coXnbmWv Cu t«mIØn¬ ]dbp∂Xv.
1. [qaw thZKrssl ˛ 4 cmin
{XtbmZi`n A]n Awssi ˛ 13 `mK (20 Iebpw)
ktatX chu ˛ IqSnb kqcy≥ (kqcykv^pSw)
[qtam ˛ [qakv^pSw BIp∂p.
DZmlcWw
kqcykv^pSw 1˛25˛31 55˛31
+ 4˛13˛20 133˛20
6˛8˛51 188˛51 ([qaw XpemØn¬)
2. hyXo]mXw Xkvan≥ hyXn]mXtIm hnKfntX N{ImXv
˛ AXns\ N{IØn¬ (12 cmin / 360 Un{Knbn¬)\n∂pw Ipd®m¬ hyXo]mXw.
DZmlcWw
360 ˛ 188˛51 = 171˛9 (hyXo]mXw I∂nbn¬)
436
3. ]cnthjw (]cn[n) Xkvan≥ bptX jUv`n¿ss`x ]cnthj
˛ hyXn]mXtØmSv 6 cmin Iq´nbm¬ ]cnthjw (]cn[n)
DZmlcWw
171˛9 + 180 = 351˛9 (]cnthjw ao\Øn¬)
4. C{μ[\p v C{μ[\px CXn Akvan≥ NyptX afiemXv
˛ AXns\ 12 cminbn¬ \n∂pw Ipd®m¬ C{μ[\p v
DZmlcWw
360 ˛˛ 351˛9 = 8˛51 (C{μNm]w taSØn¬)
5.D]tIXp AXyjvSywibptX A{X tIXp AY
˛ AXnt\mSp 17 `mKIƒ (16˛40 IrXyw) tN¿Øm¬ D]tIXp (5)
DZmlcWw
8˛51 + 16˛40 = 25˛31 = D]tIXp taSØn¬
X{X GI¿£ bpt‡m chnx ˛ AXnt\mSv Hcp cmin tN¿Øm¬ kqcy≥
DZmlcWw
25˛31 + 30 = 55˛31. = kqcy≥ CShØn¬
(6)
`mhm[ymtb ]q¿htah abm t{]m‡w kap®bw
ap‡m\mw bØtZhm{X hmNyw `mh^ew ZrVw.
{Kl߃ `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew apºv `mhm≤ymbØn¬, hnhcn®n´p- v.
D]{Kl߃°pw AX\pkcn®p ]dbmw. AXmbXv˛˛
{Klßfpw D]{Klßfpw i\n ˛ KpfnI≥
hymgw ˛ baI- I≥
_p[≥ ˛ A¿≤{]lc≥
cmlp ˛ Ime≥
(7)
XYm]n KpfnImZo\mw hntitjm f {X \nKZytX
]q¿hmNmsscy¿bZmJymXw X’wKrly atbmZnXw.
F∂ncp∂mepw, KpfnI≥ apXembhbpsS hntij^e߃ ]q¿hmNmcy∑mcm¬,
]dbs∏´Xv Rm≥ Npcp°n hnhcn°mw.
437
4. (1) amμn ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew
(8) tNmcx {Iqtcm hn\-b-c-lntXm thZ-im-kv{Xm¿∞-lot\m
\mXn-ÿqtem \b-\-hn-IrtXm \mXn[o¿∂-mXn-]p{Xx
(1) \m¬]m-lmco kpJ-hn-c-lntXm eºtSm \mXn-Poho
iptcm \ kymZ]n PU-aXnx tIm]t\m amμn -e-t·.
.(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛
\m¸m-lmco \ t`mKo _lp-hn-j-b-]tcm \mXn-Poho \ iqtcm
t\mhn-Zzm≥ \nXy-tIm]o Ie-l-Ir-Z-\niw aμ-]pt{X hne-t· (sIm√w)
1. amμn e·Øn¬
aμ-]pt{X hne-t· ˛ amμn e·-Øn¬ \n∂m¬
tNmcx ˛ I≈≥,
{Iqtcm ˛ {Iqc≥,
hn\-b-c-lntXm ˛ hn\-b-an-√m-Øh≥,
thZ-im-kv{Xm¿∞-lot\m ˛ thZhpw im-kv{Xm¿∞-ßfpw ]Tn-°m-Ø-h≥,
\ AXn-ÿqtem ˛ A[nIw XSn-bn-√m-Ø-h≥,
\b-\- hn-Ir-Xnx ˛ t\{X-ssh-Ieyw,
\ A-Xn-[ox ˛ A[nIw _p≤n-bn-√m-Ø-h≥,
\ A-Xn-]p{Xx ˛ A[nIw a°-fn-√m-Ø-h≥,
\ A¬∏m-lmco ˛ Ipd-®p-am{Xw `£Ww Ign-°p-∂-h-\-√,
\ t`mKo ˛ kpJ-t`m-K-߃°p `mKy-an-√m-Ø-h≥,
_lp-hn-j-b-]tcm ˛ hfsc hnjb (kp-J) X¬∏-c≥,
\ AXn-Poho ˛ A[nIw Pohn-°m-Ø-h≥ (A¬∏m-bp- v),
\ iqtcm ˛ iqc-\-√m-Ø-h≥,
\ hn-Zzm≥ ˛ A¬∏-⁄≥,
\nXy-tIm]o ˛ ÿncw ipWvTn°m-c≥,
Ie-l-Ir-Xv A-\niw ˛ Ft∏mgpw hg-°p-- m-°p-∂-h≥.
(9)
\ NmSp-hmIyw Ie-lmbamt\m
\ hnØ-[m-\yw ]c-tZ-i-hmko
\ hmM v\ kq£vam¿∞-hn-hmZ-hmtIym
Znt\-i-]ut{X [\-cmin kwtÿ.
2. amμn c- n¬ Znt\-i-]ut{X [\-cmin kwtÿ ˛ amμn c- n¬ \n∂m¬,
\ NmSp-hmIyw ˛ hmIvkm-a¿∞y-an-√m-Ø-h≥,
Ie-lmbamt\m ˛ hg-°mfn,
\ hnØ-[m-\yw ˛ [\hpw [m\yhpw C√m-Ø-h≥,
]c-tZ-i-hmko ˛ A\y-\m-´n¬ Pohn-°m≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´-h≥,
\ hmMv ˛ \nc¿∞-hmZn
438
(hm-°p-]m-en-°m-Ø-h≥ F∂pw ImWp-∂p.),
\ kq£vam¿∞ -hn-hm-Z- hmtIym ˛ kq£vam¿∞w a\- n-em-°msX hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-
Z-Øn\p apXn-cp-∂-h≥.
(shdpsX X¿°n°p∂h≥)
(10)
hnc-l-K¿h-a-Zm-Zn- K(Kp)ssW¿bpX
{]Np-c-tIm-]-[-\m¿÷-\-kw-{`ax
hnK-X-tim-I-`-b› hntkm-Ztcm
Kpfn-I-\m-a\n tkmZ-c-kw-ÿn-tX.(1)
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ kl-P-[m-a\n aμ-kptXm bZm.
3. amμn aq∂n¬ Kpfn-I-\m-a\n tkmZ-c- kw-ÿn-tX ˛ amμn aq∂n¬ \n∂m¬,
hnc-l -K¿h- a-Zm-Zn- KpssWx bpX ˛ K¿hw, aZw XpS-ßn-b-hbp≈h≥,
{]Np-c-tIm-]- ˛ henb tZzjy-°m-c≥,
[-\m¿÷-\-kw-{`ax ˛ ]W-ap-- m-°≥ th- n ]mSp-s]-Sp-∂-h≥,
hnK-X- tim-I- `-bx N ˛ ZpJhpw `b-hp-an-√m-Ø-h≥,
hntkm-Ztcm ˛ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cn-√m-Ø-h≥.
(11)
kplrZn i\n-kptX kymXv _‘p-bm-\m¿∞-lo-\˛
›e-a-Xn-c-h-_p-≤n¿∂m¬∏-Poho (1) \ ]p{Xx
_lp-cn-]p-K-W-l¥m `qX-hn-Zym-hn-t\mZo
cn]p-KX KpfntI kt{i-jvT-]p-{X- p-iq-cx.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : kz¸-Poho
4. amμn \men¬ kplrZn i\n-kpX kymXv ˛ amμn \men¬ \n∂m¬,
_‘p- bm-\ A¿∞- lo-\ ˛ _‘p-°ƒ, hml-\-߃ F∂nh
C√m-Ø-h-\m-Ipw.,
5. amμn A©n¬ ]pt{X ˛ amμn A©n¬ \n∂m¬,
Ne-a-Xnx- ˛ a\ v Dd®p \n¬°-mØ-h≥,
A-h-_p-≤nx ˛ Zp¿∫p≤n,
A¬∏-Poho ˛ A¬∏m-bp v
\ ]p{Xx ˛ ]p{X-`mKyw C√m-Ø-h≥,
6. amμn Bdn¬ cn]p-KX KpfntI ˛ amμn Bdn¬ \n∂m¬,
_lp -cn-]p- K-W-l¥m ˛ i{Xp-K-WsØ \in-∏n-°p-∂-h≥,
`qX-hn-Zym-hn-t\mZo ˛ `qXhn-Zy-bn¬ (PmehnZybn¬) ckn°p-∂-h≥.
kt{i-jvT- ]p-{X- ˛ t{ijvT-cmb ]p{X-tcmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥,
kp-iq-cx ˛ iucy-ap-≈-h≥.
439
(12)
If-{X-kwtÿ KpfntI Ielo _lp-`m-cyIx
temI-tZzjo IrX-Lv\› kz¬∏⁄x kz¬∏-tIm-]-\x.
7. amμn Ggn¬ If-{X-kwtÿ KpfntI ˛ amμn Ggn¬ \n∂m¬,
Ielo ˛ hg-°mfn,
_lp-`m-cyIx ˛ _lp-`m-cyXzw,
temI-tZzjo ˛ temIsØ shdp-°p-∂-h≥,
IrX-Lv\ ˛ \μn-sI-´-h≥,
kz¬∏⁄x ˛ A¬∏-⁄m\n,
kz¬∏-tIm-]-\x ˛ \n mcImcyßfn¬t∏mepwtIm]n°p∂-h≥
(13)
hnI-e-\-b-\-ht{‡m {lkz-tZ-tlm- f jvS-atÿ
Kpcp-kp-X-hn-bptXm f `q≤¿Ω-kwtÿ f ¿°]p-t{X. (1)
v\ ip-`-Z-^-e-I¿Ωm (2) I¿Ω-kwtÿ hnZm-\#x
kpJ-kp-X-a-Xn-tXPx Im¥n-am≥ em`-kw-tÿ.
]mT-t`Zw
(1) Kpcp-kp-X-hn-bp-X ym≤¿Ω-kwtÿ hnjmtJy
(2) Aip-`-Z-^-e-I¿Ωm
8. amμn F´n¬ AjvS-atÿ ˛ amμn F´n¬ \n∂m¬,
hnI-e- \-b-\- ht{‡m ˛ hnI-e-amb (hn-cq-]-am-b) IÆp-Ifpw apJhpw,
{lkz- tZ-tlm- ˛ \ofw Ipd™ tZlw (D-b-c-an-√m-Ø-h≥),
9. amμn Hº-Xn¬ [¿Ω-kwtÿ hnjmtJy ˛ amμn Hº-Xn¬ \n∂m¬,
Kpcp- kp-X -hn-bp-X kymXv ˛ Kpcp, ]p{X≥ Ch C√m-Ø-h≥,
10. amμn ]Øn¬
I¿Ω-kwtÿ hnjmtJy ˛ amμn I¿Ω-Øn¬ (]-Øn¬) \n∂m¬,
Aip-`-Z-^-e-I¿Ωm ˛ Aip`-I¿Ω-ßsf sNøp-∂-h≥,
hnZm-\ ˛ Zm\I¿Ωw sNøm-Ø-h≥,
11. amμn ]Xns\m∂n¬
em`-kw-tÿ ˛ amμn em`-Øn¬ \n∂m¬,
kpJ -kp-X -a-Xn- tXPmx Im¥n-am≥ kpJw, kpX≥, _p≤n, tXP v, tZ-l-Im-¥n
Ch-bp-- m-Ipw.
(14)
hnj-b-(hn)c-lntXm Zot\m _lp-hybx
kymZvhytb Kpfn-I-kwtÿ
440
Kpfn-I-{Xn-tIm-Wt` hm
P∑ {_qbm-∂-hmwti hm.
12. amμn ]{¥-- n¬ hytb Kpfn-I-kwtÿ ˛ amμn ]{¥-- n¬ \n∂m¬,
hnj-b-c-lntXm ˛ hnjbw (kp-J-t`m-Kw) C√m-Ø-h≥,
Zot\m ˛ Zo\≥,
_lp-hybx kymXv -˛ hfsc Nnehp sNøp-∂-h≥ BIpw.
KpfnIs\s°m- v P-\-\-k-abw IrXy-am-°m-\p-≈ -\nbaw.
Kpfn-I-{Xn-tIm-Wt` hm P∑ {_qbm-∂-hmwti hm
˛ Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ cmin-bpsS {XntIm-W-Øntem Kpfn-I≥ \n¬°p∂ \hmw-
i-Øntem Bbn-cn°pw P\-\w. (P-\-\-k-abw IrXy-am-°m-\p-≈-XmWv Cu \nbaw)
(2) amμn a‰p {KlßfpsS IqsS \n∂mep≈ ^ew
(15)
chn-bpt‡ ]nXr-l¥m amXr-t¢io \nim-]-kw-bpt‡
{`mXr-hn-tbm-K- -IptP _p[-bpt‡ aμtP N tkm∑m-Zo.
chn-bpt‡ ]nXr-l¥m ˛ amμn chn-tbm-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬ ]nXracWw,
amXr-t¢io \nim-]-kw-bpt‡ ˛ N{μ-t\m-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬ amXr-t¢iw,
{`mXr-hn-tbm-K- -IptP ˛ IpP-t\m-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬ ktlm-Z-c-hn-tbmKw,
_p[-bpt‡ aμtP N tkm∑m-Zo ˛ _p[-t\m-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬ D∑m-Z-ap-≈-h≥
(am-\-kn-I-tcm-K-ap-≈-h≥).
(16)
Kpcp-bpt‡ ]mjmWvUo Ihn-bpt‡ \oN-Im-an-\o-kwKx
i\n-bpt‡ i\n-]pt{X IpjvT-hym-[o-bp-X› tkm¬f∏m-bpx.
i\n-]pt{X Kpcp-bpt‡ ]mjmWvUo ˛ amμn hymgØns‚ IqsS \n∂m¬
\nco-iz-c-hmZn,
Ihn-bpt‡ -\oN-Im-an-\o-kwKx ˛ ip{Is‚ IqsS \n∂m¬ \oN-kv{Xo-I-fp
- ambn _‘w.,
i\n-bpt‡ IpjvT-hym-[o-bp-Xx N A¬]m-bpx. ˛ i\n-bpsS IqsS \n∂m¬ IpjvT-tcm-Kw,
A¸m-bp- v.
(17)
hnj-tcmKo cmlp-bptX
inJn-bpt‡ h”n-]o-UntXm amμu
Kpfn-I-Xym-Py-bp-X-t›˛
Økvan≥ PmtXm \rt]mf]n `n£mio.
441
amμu hnj-tcmKo cmlp-bptX ˛ cmlp-hn-s‚-IqsS \n∂m¬ hnj-tcmKn,
inJn-bpt‡ h”n-]o-UntXm ˛ tIXp-hn-s‚-IqsS \n∂m¬ A·n-`-bw.,
Kpfn-I -Xym-Py- bp-X- tNXv Xkvan≥ PmtXm \rt]m A]n `n£mio
˛ Kpfn-I≥ XymPy-tØm-Sp-IqSn \n∂m¬, cmPm-hm-bn P\n-®m-epw, - ]n® sX- pw
F∂p Npcp-°w. (XymPyw ˛ XymP-K-W-ßfpw XymPy-ap-lq¿Ø-ßfpap-- v. AXv
ChnsS hnh-cn°m≥ ÿe-]-cn-anXn A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√.)
(18)
Kpfn-Iky Xp kwtbmtK tZmjm≥ k¿h{X \n¿±n-ti-Xv
baI- IkwtbmtK k¿h{X IYtb—p`w.
Kpfn-I≥ GXp {Kl-Øns‚ IqsS \n∂mepw GXp `mh-Øn¬ \n∂mepw tZmj-^-e-
am-bn-cn-°pw XcpI. KpfnI\p ]Icw baI- I\msWßIn¬ ip`^eambncn°pw.
(19)
tZmj{]Zmt\ KpfntIm _eobm≥
ip`{]Zmt\ baI- Ix kymXv
At\y N k¿th hyk\{]Zmt\
amμyp‡hocym¿≤_em\znXmx kypx.
5 D]{KlßfpsS KpWtZmj^e߃
tZmj{]Zmt\ KpfntIm _eobm≥ ˛ tZmj^ewsImSp°p∂Xn¬ KpfnI\mWv apº≥
ip`{]Zmt\ baI- IkymXv ˛ ip`^ew \¬Ip∂Xn¬ baI- I\pw.
At\y N k¿th hyk\{]Zmt\ ˛ a‰p≈h(A¿≤{]lc\pw Ime\pw) hyk\w
sImSp°p∂hbmWv. ; F¶nepw
amμyp‡ hocym¿≤ _em\znXmx kypx. ˛tZmji‡n amμn°p (KpfnI\p) ]d™
Xns‚ ]IpXntb Chbv°p≈q.
(20)
i\nhZvKpfntI t{]m‡w KpcphZyaI- tI
A¿≤{]lmtc _p[hXv ^ew Imte Xp cmlphXv.
i\nhXv KpfntI t{]m‡w ˛ amμn i\nsbt∏msebpw,
KpcphXv baI- I ˛ baI- I≥ Kpcphns\t∏msebpw,
A¿≤{]lmtc _p[hXv ˛ A¿≤{]lmc≥ _p[s\t∏msebpw,
Imte Xp cmlphXv ˛ Ime≥ cmlphns\t∏msebpw,
^ew ˛ ^ew (\¬Ip∂p).
(21)
ImekvXp cmlp¿KpfnI› arXyp¿˛
PohmXpIx kymZyaI- tIm f ]n
442
A¿≤{]lmcx ip`Zx ip`m¶˛
bpt‡m f \yYm tNZip`w hnZ[ymXv.
ImekvXp cmlpx ˛ Ime≥ cmlphns\t∏msebpw,
KpfnIkvXp arXyp ˛ KpfnI≥ acWhpw,
PohmXpIx kymXv baI- I A]n baI- I≥ arXkRvPoh\nbmbpw,
^ew \¬Ip∂p .
A¿≤{]lmcx ip`Zx ip`m¶bp‡ A¿≤{]lmc≥ (_p[s\t∏mse) ip`tcmSp
tN¿∂m¬ ip`^ew,
A\yYm tNXv Aip`w hnZ[ymXv ˛ Aip`tcmSp tN¿∂m¬ Aip`hpw ^ew.
ip`m¶bp‡≥ F∂p ]d™m¬ ip`_nμp°tfmSpIqSnbh≥ F∂mWv A¿∞w.
_p[s\t∏msebmbXn\m¬ `mhm¿∞w sImSpØp.
6 [qamZn D]{Kl^ew
(22)
BflmZtbm f [nss]¿bp‡m [qamZn{KlkwbpXmx
tX `mh\miXmw bm¥n hZXoXn ]cmicx.
BflmZb A[nss] bp‡m [qamZn{KlkwbpXm
˛ e·w XpSßnb `mhßfpsS \mY∑m¿°p [qamZn D]{Kl_‘w h∂m¬,
tX `mh\miXmw bm¥n ˛ Ah `mh\miw sNøpw
hZXoXn ]cmicx ˛ F∂p ]cmic≥.
(23)
[qta k¥XapjvWw kymZ·n`oXn¿at\mhyYm
hyXo]mtX arK`bw (1) NXpjv]m∑cWw Xp hm.
(1) ]mTt`Zw ˛ arXn`bw
1. [qa^ew [qta k¥Xw DjvWw kymXv
A·n`oXn at\mhyYm ˛ NqSpsIm- p≈ hnja߃, A·n`bw,
at\mZpJw F∂nh [qa^ew,
2. hyXo]mX^ew hyXo]mtXarK`bwNXpjv]m∑cWw˛ arK`btam \m¬°menIƒ°p \mitam
hyXo]mX^ew
(24)
]cnthtj Pte `ocp¿PetcmK© _‘\w
C{μNmt] inemLmXx £Xw ikvss{Xc]n NypXnx.
3. ]cnthj^ew ]cnthtj Pte `ocp PetcmKw N _‘\w
˛ Pe`bw, PeP\ytcmK߃, _‘\w Ch ]cnthj^ew,
443
4. C{μNm]^ew C{μNmt] inemLmXx £Xw ikvss{Xc]n NypXnx
˛ I√psIm- p≈ BLmX߃, Bbp[߃sIm- p≈ £X߃, NypXn
(\miw / A]am\w) Ch C{μNmN^ew.
(25)
tIXu ]X\LmXmZyw Imcy\mtim f it\¿`bw
GtX bZv`mhklnXmkvX±imbmw ^ew htZXv.
5. D]tIXp ^ew tIXu ]X\LmXmZyw Imcy\miw Ait\¿`bw
˛ hogvN, BLmXw, Imcy\miw, CSnan∂¬`bw Ch D]tIXp^ew,
7 ^eZm\kabw GtX bXv `mhklnXmx ˛ Cu D]{Kl߃ GsXmcp `mh\mYs‚
IqsSbmtWm \n¬°p∂Xv,
X±imbmw ^ew htZXv ˛ B `mh\mYs‚ Zibn¬ ^ew ]dbWw.
D]{KlßfpsS ^ew Ft∏mƒ A\p`hs∏Spw F∂ tNmZyØn\p≈
DØcamWv CXv.
(26)
A¸mbpx IpapJx ]cm{IaKptWm
ZpxJo N \jvSmflPx
{]Xy¿∞n¿£p`ntXm hnio¿ÆaZt\m
Zp¿Ωm¿KarXypw KXx
[¿ΩmZn{]XnIqetXm f S\cpNn¿˛
√m`m\zntXm tZmjhm˛
\ntXyhw {Iatim hne·`h\mXv
tItXmx ^ew Io¿ØtbXv.
8 D]tIXp e·w XpSßnb ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬ \n∂mep≈ ^ew.
`mhw ^ew 1. A¬∏mbp ˛ A¬∏mbp v
2. IpapJx ˛ Zp¿ΩpJ≥ (sshcq]yap≈ apJw)
3. ]cm{IaKpWo ˛ ]cm{Ian
4. ZpJo ˛ ZpJnX≥
5. \jvSmflPx ˛ a°ƒ \jvSs∏´h≥
6. {]Xy¿∞n £p`ntXm ˛ i{Xp°tfmSp t£m`w
7. hnio¿ÆaZt\m ˛ \in® ImatØmSpIqSnbh≥
444
8. Zp¿Ωm¿KarXypw KXx ˛ Z¿ΩcWw
9. [¿ΩmZn {]XnIqeXm ˛ A[m¿ΩnI≥
10. AS\cpNnx ˛ k©mcn
11. em`m\zntXm ˛ em`tØmSpIqSnbh≥
12. tZmjhm≥ ˛ tZmjn (tZmjkz`mhßfp≈h≥)
CtXyhw {Iatim hne·`h\mXv tItXmx ^ew Io¿ØtbXv
˛Cßs\ {IaØn¬ e·wapX¬°v D]tIXphns‚ ^ew ]dbs∏´ncn°p∂p.
(27)
A{]Imimx k©c¥n [qamZymx ]©tJNcmx
IzNnXv IZmNnXv Zriyt¥ temtIm]{ZhtlXth.
A{]Imim k©c¥n [qamZym ]©tJNcm
˛ [qamZn ]©D]{Kl߃ AZriycmWv,
IzNnXv IZmNnXv Zriyt¥ temtIm]{ZhtlXth
˛ Ft∏msg¶nepw Ah ZriyamIp∂psh¶n¬ AXp temtIm]{ZhtlXphpamWv.
[qamZnIsf ImWp∂Xp Zp¿∂nanØamsW∂p kmcw.
(28)
[qakvXp [qa]Sex ]p—¿£anXn tIN\
D¬°m]mtXm hyXo]mXx ]cnthjkvXp ZriytX.
(29)
temtI {]kn≤w b±rjvSw XtZth{μ[\px kvarXw
tIXp› [qatIXpx kymXv temtIm]{ZhImcIx.
1. [qakvXp [qa]Sex ˛ [qaw ]pI]SeamWv,
]p—¿£anXn tIN\ ˛ hm¬\£{Xsa∂pw Nne¿ ]dbp∂p.
2. D¬°m]mtXm hyXo]mXx ˛ hyXo]mXw sIm≈nao≥ hogvNbmWv.
3. ]cnthjkvXp ZriytX ˛ kqcyN{μ∑mcpsSNp‰pap≈
{]Imihebamb ]cnthjw ZriyamWv.
4. temtI {]kn≤w bXv ZrjvSw ˛ temI{]knambXpw Zriyhpamb
XXv Gh C{μ[\px kvarXw ˛ aghn√mWv C{μNm]w.
6. tIXp› [qatIXpx kymXv temtIm]{ZhImcIx.
˛ tIXphpw [qatIXphpw temIØn\v D]{ZhIcamWv.
(PohPme߃°p tZmjIcamWv.)
(30)
KpfnI`h\\mtY tI{μtK hm {XntImtW
_en\n \nPKrlkvtY tkzm®an{XÿntX hm
cYKPXpcKmWmw \mbtIm amcXpteym
alnX]rYpbim ymt∑Zn\oafite{μx.
KpfnI`h\\mtY
445
˛ KpfnI≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbpsS A[n]\mb {Klw
_en\n
˛ _ehm\mbn
tI{μtK hm {XntImtW
˛ tI{μØntem {XntImWØntem \n¬°pIbpw
\nPKrlkvtY tkzm®an{XÿntX hm
˛ AXp kzt£{Xw, Xs‚ D®cmin, an{Xt£{Xw Chbnsem∂mhpIbpw sNbvXm¬
cY KP XpcKmWmw \mbtIm amcXpteym
˛ tXcpIƒ, B\Iƒ, IpXncIƒ ChbpsS \mbI\pw ImatZhs\t∏mse
kpμc\pw,
alnX]rYpbim kymXv taZn\oafite{μx.
˛ h¿≤n® bit mSpIqSnb cmPmhpambncn°pw.
KpfnIÿnXnbp≈ `mh Øns‚ A[n]\p _eaps- ¶n¬, B _eØn\\p
kcn®p, cmPtbmKwhsc {]Xo£n°msa∂p Npcp°w.
D]{KlkvXpXntbmsS Bcw`n®v, awKfmiwkItfmsS Ahkm\n°p∂psh∂Xv
Cu A≤ymbØns‚ Hcp khntijXbmWv. a{¥izc≥ Cu hnjbØn\v F{Xam{Xw
{]m[m\yw sImSpØncp∂psh∂v CXp ImWn°p∂p. aplq¿Ø {KŸßfn¬ Hfn™pw
sXfn™pw InS∂ncp∂ D]{Klßsf {KlßfpsS IqsS tN¿Øp hmbn®p
^e{]hN\coXn Ipsd°qSn Ip‰a‰Xm°n F∂XmWv CXns‚ bYm¿∞ ta∑.
DZmlcWPmXIw ImWpI. H‰ t\m´Øn¬ \n¿t±mjsa∂p tXm∂p∂ `mhßfpsS
\nPÿnXn shfns∏SpØp∂Xn¬ D]{KlÿnXn hnPbn®psh∂pXs∂bmWv A\p`h
km£y]{Xw.
DZmlcWPmXIØnse D]{KlÿnXn
ao\w taSw CShw anYp\w
e·w Ip ip Nc_p ak
]cn[n C{μNm]w
D]tIXp
Ipw`w I¿°SIw
amμn
Ime≥
aIcw Nnßw
KpfnI≥ Kp
[\p hr›nIw Xpemw I∂n
in
baI- I A¿≤{] [qa hyXo]mX
446
A≤ymbw 26
Nmc-^ew
1. tKmNc^eNn¥bn¬ N{μe·Øns‚ {]m[m\yw
2 {KlßfpsS ip`ÿm\߃
3 ip`ÿm\ßfpsS th[ÿm\߃
4 {Kl߃ Nmc-h-im¬ Hmtcm `mh-Ønepw \n∂m-ep≈ ^ew
5. \£{XtKmNcw
6. Nne {]tXyI^e߃
7. AwK\£{Xßfpw Ahbn¬ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw
8 AjvSh¿§^ew
9 eØm\£{Xßfpw Ahbn¬ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw
10 th[߃°v k¿ΔtXm`{ZN{Ihpw {]amWamIp∂p
P\-\-k-a-bsØ cmin-N-{I-Øns‚ Nn{X-amWv PmX-Iw. Ign™ P∑mhkm\w
_m°n \n¬°p∂ I¿ΩØn¬, Cu P∑w A\p-`-hn®p Xo¿t°- I¿Ω-^-e-Øns‚ ˛
{]mc-_v[-I¿Ω-Øns‚ ˛˛ IW-°mWv CXp ImWn-°p-I. (P\-\-k-a-bw-ap-X¬ PmXIw
t\m°p∂ ka-bw-h-sc-bp≈ I¿Ω-Øns‚ IW-°-dn-bm≥ {]iv\w-sImt- ]‰q.)
PmX-I-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Imcy-߃ Ft∏mƒ A\p-`-h-Øn¬ hcp-sa-∂-dn-bm≥ Zim-]-lm-
c^e-ß-fpsS IqsS Nmc-^ew IqSn tN¿Øp Nn¥n-°-Ww. Nmc^ew F∂p ]d-™m¬
tKmN-c-{]-Imcw ˛ {KlKXn-°-\p-k-cn-®v A-h-bpsS Ct∏m-gsØ ÿnXn{]Imcw ˛ D≈
^e-am-Wv. AXmbXv, P∑cminbn¬ (P\n® Iqdn¬) \n∂pw {Kl߃ Hmtcm cminbn¬
(`mhØn¬) hcptºmgp- mIp∂ ^eamWv Nmc^ew AYhm tKmNc^ew.
Cu `qap-JsØ samØw a\p-jy-cm-insb ]{¥-- m°n Xncn-®p≈ hmc-^ew hy‡n-
KX Zim-]-lm-c-^-e-ß-fpambn HØp-t\m-°msX Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn-epw FØm≥ ]mSn-√
F∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw Hm¿°Ww.
1. tKmNc^eNn¥bn¬ N{μe·Øns‚ {]m[m\yw (1)
k¿thjp et·-jz]n kXvkp N{μ˛
e·w {][m\w Jep tKmN-tcjp
Xkvam-Ø-Zr-£m-Z]n h¿Ø-am-\˛
{Ktl-{μ-Nmsscx IY-tbXv ^em\n.
447
tKmN-tcjp ˛ tKmN-c-Øn¬
k¿thjp et·-jp A]n ˛ F√m e·-ß-fnepw sh®v
N{μe·w {][m\w Jep ˛ N{μ-e-·-am-Wv {][m\w.
Xkvam-Xv ˛ AXp-sIm- v
XXv E£m-Z]n -˛B cmin- (P-\-\-k-a-bØp N{μ≥ \n¬°p-∂
cmin) apX¬°v
h¿Ø-am-\ ˛ Ct∏m-gsØ
{Ktl-{μ-Nmsscx ˛ {Kl\o°Øn\\pkcn®v
^em\n ˛ ^e-߃ ˛ Nmc-^ew
IY-tbXv ˛ ]d-b-Ww.
PmXIØn¬ N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂ cminbmWv N{\e·w. AhnsS\n∂p thWw
Nmc^eØn\v FÆnØpSßm≥.
2 {KlßfpsS ip`ÿm\߃
(2)
kqcym-x j-Sv{Xn-Z-i-ÿn-X-kv{XnZijSv ˛
k]vXm-ZyX-›-{μamx
Poh-kvXz-kvX-X-t]m-Zzn-]-©-a-KtXm
h{Im¿°Pu jSv{XnKu
kuaym-j-Svkz-N-Xp¿±-im-jvS-a-KXm
k¿th-]yp-]m-¥y-ÿnXmx
ip{Ix JmkvX-cn-]q≥ hnlmb ip`-Z˛
- kvXn-‹mwiphZvt`mKn-\x.
1.. kqcymx j-Sv {Xn Z-i- ˛ kqcy≥ 6˛3˛10 `mhßfnepw
2.. N-{μamx Xn Zi jSv k]vX BZyK- ˛ N{μ≥ 3˛10˛6˛7˛1 `mh-ß-fnepw,
3.. Poh-x A-kvX X-] Zzn ]-©-a ˛ hymgw 7-˛-9-˛2˛-5 `mh-ß-fnepw,
4,5 h{I A¿°Pu jSv {Xn ˛ IpP\pw i\nbpw 6-˛3 `mh-ßfnepw
6. kuaym-x j-Sv kz- N-Xp Z-i A-jvS-a ˛ _p[≥ 6˛2˛4˛10˛8 `mh-ß-fnepw,
7. ip{Ix J AkvX cn-]p hnlmb ˛ ip-{I≥ 10˛7˛6 Hgn-®p-≈-h-bnepw,
AXmb-Xv, 1˛2˛3˛4 ˛5˛8˛9˛11˛12 `mh-ß-fnepw,
k¿th A]n D]m¥ ÿnXmx ˛ F√m {Kl-ßfpw ]-Xn-s\m-∂nepw,
ip`-Z-kvXn ˛ ip`-^ew \¬Ip-∂p.
3 ip`ÿm\ßfpsS th[ÿm\߃
-(3)
em`-hn-{I-a-Jm-cnjp kpÿnXx
tim`t\m \nK-ZntXm Znhm-Icx
tJN-ssc- p-X-X-t]m-P-em-¥y-ssK˛
hm¿°n-`n¿bZn \ hn≤ytX XZm.
448
1. kqcy≥ em` -hn-{I-a J A-cnjp ˛ 11-˛3-˛10-˛6 `mh-ß-fn¬
kpÿnXx Znhm-Icx ˛ kpÿ\mb ZnhmIc≥
tim`t\m \nK-ZntXm ˛ ip-`-^-e-{]-Z-\mWv F∂p ]d-bp∂psh-¶nepw
kp-X X-t]m P-e A¥y- ˛ 5˛9˛4˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬
tJN-ssc-x hm A¿°n-`nx bZn ˛ i\n-sbm-gn®p≈ {Kl-߃ Ds- -¶n¬
\ hn≤ytX XZm ˛ ^e-an-√.
kqcy\p 3˛6-˛10˛11 `mh-߃ ip`-ÿm-\-ßfpw 4˛5-˛9-˛12 `mh-߃ th[-ÿm-\-ßfpw
BsW∂p Npcp-°w. kqcy\pw i\nbpw XΩn¬ th[-an-√m-Ø--Xn-\m¬ 4˛5-˛9-˛12 `mh-ß-
fn¬ i\n \n∂m¬ tZmjan√.
(4)
Zyq\-P-∑-cn-]p-em-`-J-{XnK˛
›{μ-am-»p-`-^-e-{]-Z- Zm
kzmfl-Pm-¥y-ar-Xn-_-‘p-[¿Ω-ssK¿˛
hn≤ytX \ hn_p-ss[-cyZn {Kssl
.2. N{μ≥
Zyq\ -P-∑ -cn-]p -em-` -J -{Xn ˛ 7˛1˛6˛11˛10˛3 `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂,
N{μ-am- ip-`-^-e-{]-Zx- kZm ˛ N{μ≥ ip`^e-{]Z-\m-Wv.
F∂m¬
kz Bfl-P A¥y ar-Xn -_-‘p- [¿Ω ˛ 2˛5˛12˛8˛4˛9 `mh-ß-fn¬,
hn≤ytX \ hn_p-ss[x b-Zn {Kssl˛ _p[s\m-gn-®p≈ {Kl߃ \n∂m¬ ip`-
-e-an-√.
N{μ≥ ˛ _p[≥ th[-an-√.
(5)
hn{I-am-bcn-]pKx IpPx ip` ym
Ø-Zm-¥y-kp-X-[¿ΩssKx JssKx
tN∂ hn≤ C\-kq-\p-c-]yku
In¥p [¿Ω-Lr-Wn\m \ hn≤y-tX.
3, 4. IpP≥, i\n hn{I-a B-b cn-]pK - ˛ 3˛11˛6 `m-h-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂
IpPx ip`x kymXv ˛ IpP≥ ip`-\m-Ip∂p. F∂m¬ At∏mƒ
A¥y- kp-X [¿Ω ssKx JssKx ˛ 12˛5˛9 `mh-ß-fn¬ {Kl-ß-ƒ Ds- ¶n¬
B ip`^ew e`n°pIbn√.
\ hn≤ C\-kq-\px- A]n Aku ˛ i\nbpsS Imcyhpw CXpXs∂.
(3˛11˛6 / 12˛5˛9)
In¥p [¿Ω-Lr-Wn\m \ hn≤y-tX ˛ F∂m¬ kqcy\v CXp _m[Ia√.
(i\n ˛ chn th[an√.)
449
(6)
kzmw_pi{XparXnJmbKx ipt`m
⁄kvXZm \ Jep hn≤ytX kZm
kzmflP {XnX-]- B-Zy-ss\-[-\˛
{]m]vX-ssK¿-hn-[p-`n-cyZn {Ksslx.
5. _p[≥ kz Aw_p i{Xp arXn J BbKx ⁄ ˛2˛4˛6˛8˛10-˛11`mhßfn¬ \n¬°p∂ _p[≥
ipt`m ˛ ip`\mWv. F∂m¬
kzmflP {Xn X-] -B-Zy -ss\-[-\ {]m]vXssK ˛ 5˛3˛9˛1˛8˛12 `mh-ß-fn¬
hn-[p-`n- bZn {Ksslx. ˛ N{μ-s\m-gn-®p≈ {Kl-߃ Ds- ¶n¬
ip`-^ew D- m-hn-√.
(7)
kzmb-[¿Ω-X-\-bm-kvX-kw-kvYntXm
\mI-\m-b-I-]p-tcm-lnXx ip`x
cn^-c-{‘-J-P-e-{Xn-ssK¿bZm
hnZytX KK-\-Nm-cn-`n¿∂-ln.
6. hymgw kz Bb- [¿Ω -X-\-bm-x AkvX- ˛ 2˛11˛9˛5˛7 `mh-ß-fn¬
kw-kvXntXm \mI-\m-b-I-]p-tcm-lnXx ˛ tZ-th-{μs‚ Kpcp (hymgw) \n∂m¬,
ip`x ˛ ip-`-amWv. F∂m¬
cn^, c-{‘- J- P-e- {Xn- ˛ 12˛8˛10˛4˛3 `mh-ß-fn¬
bZm hnZytX KK-\-Nm-cn-`nx \-ln ˛ {Kl-߃ ]mSn-√.
(8)
Bkp-Xm-jvS-a-X-t]m-hy-bm-btKm
hn≤ Bkv^p-Pn-Z-tim-`\x kvarXx
ss\[-\m-kvX-X-\p-I¿Ω-[¿Ω-[o˛
em`-ssh-cn-k-l-P-ÿte Nsscx.
7. ip{I≥ Bkp-X A-jvS-a- X-t]m- hy-b B-b ˛ 1˛2˛3˛4˛5˛8˛9˛12˛11 `mh-ß-fn¬ \n¬°p∂
Bkv^p-Pn-Øvv -tim-`\x kvarXx ˛ ip{I≥ ip`-s\-∂-dn-bp-I.F∂m¬ At∏mƒ
ss\[-\ AkvX- X-\p-I¿Ω- [¿Ω- [o em`-
ssh-cn -k-l-Pÿte ˛- 8˛7˛1˛10˛9˛5˛11˛6˛3 Ch-bn¬ {Kl-߃
D- m-hcpXv.
ip`ÿm\ßfpw th[ÿm\ßfpw kqcy≥ ip`w 3 6 10 11
th[w 9 12 4 5
N{μ≥ ip`w 1 3 6 7 10 11
th[w 5 9 12 2 4 8
450
IpP≥ ip`w 3 6 11
th[w 12 9 5
_p[≥ ip`w 2 4 6 8 10 11
th[w 5 3 9 1 8 12
hymgw ip`w 2 5 7 9 11
th[w 12 4 3 10 8
ip{I≥ ip`w 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 12
th[w 8 7 1 10 9 5 11 3 6
i\n ip`w 3 6 11
th[w 12 9 5
4 {Kl߃ Nmc-h-im¬ Hmtcm `mh-Ønepw \n∂m-ep≈ ^ew
(9)
P∑-\ym-bm-k-Zm-Xm- £-]-bXn hn`hm≥
t{Im[-tcm-Km-≤z-ZmXm(1)
hnØ-{`wiw (2) ZznXotb ZniXn \ kpJtZm
h©-\m-am-{Kl©-
ÿm\-{]m]vXnw XrXotb [\-\n-N-b-apZm
Iey(4)Ir-®m-cn-l¥m
tcmKm≥ ZtØ NXp¿t∞ P\-bXn N aplpx
{kKv≤-cm-tcm-K-hnLv\w
. ]mT-t`Zw (1) Xm]w (2) NnØ-{`wiw (3) h©-\m{Zm-§r-l© (4) I¬∏
(10)
NnØ-t£m`w kpXtÿ hnX-cXn _lptim
tcmK-tam-lm-Zn-ZmXm
jjvtT f ¿t°m l¥n tcmKm≥ £]-bXn N cn]q≥
timI-tam-lm≥ {]am¿jvSn
A≤zm\w k]vX-atÿm PT-c-KZ-abw
ssZ\y-`m-h› Xkvssa
cpIv{km-hmZy--jvSaÿx Ie-bXn Ielw
cmP-`oXnw N Xm]w.
(11)
B]-ss±\yw X]kn hnclw NnØ-tN-jvSm-\n-tcm[w
{]m]vt\m-Xyp{Kmw Zi-a-Kr-ltK I¿Ω-kn≤nw Znt\ti
ÿm\w am\w hn`-h-a]n ssNIm-Zti tcmK-\miw
t¢iw hnØ-£-b-a]n kplr-ssZz-c-at¥y Pzcw N.
451
1. kqcy≥ 1. P∑-\n Bbm-k-Zm-Xm- £-]-bXn hn`hm≥ t{Im[-tcm-Km-≤z-ZmXm
P∑\n ˛ P∑cminbn¬
Bbm-kw ˛ {]bmkw,
£-]-bXn hn`hm≥ ˛ hn`-h-ßsf \in∏n°p∂p .
t{Im[w,
tcmKw,
A≤z-ZmXm / A-≤z-Xm]w ˛ hgn \S-∂p- mIp∂ t¢i-߃
2. hnØ-{`wiw ZznXotb ZniXn \ kpJtZm h©-\m-am-{Kl©-
ZznXotb ˛ (N{μm¬) c- n¬
hnØ-{`w-iw ˛ [\-\jvSw,
(NnØ-{`wiw ˛˛ 4 ˛˛ kμ¿`-Øn\p tbmPn-°p-∂n-√).
\ kpJtZm ˛ kpJan√mbva
h©\m.. ˛ h©\bv°ncbmhpI
3. ÿm\-{]m]vXnw XrXotb [\-\n-N-b-apZm Iey Ir-®m-cn-l¥m
XrXotb ˛ aq∂n¬
ÿm\-{]m]vXn,
[\\nNbw ˛ [\{]m]vXn
apZm ˛ kt¥mjw,
Ieyw ˛ kpJw, BtcmKyw
Acnl¥m ˛ i{Xp-°sf \in∏n°p∂h≥.
4. tcmKm≥ ZtØ NXp¿t∞ P\-bXn N aplpx {kKv≤-cm-tcm-K-hnLv\w
NXp¿t∞ ˛ \men¬
tcmKm≥ ˛ tcmK߃
{kKv≤-cm- tcm-KhnLv\w ˛ tcmKw tlXphmbn kv{Xokp-J-Øn\p
XS w.
5. NnØ-t£m`w kpXtÿ hnX-cXn _lptim tcmK-tam-lm-Zn-ZmXm
kpXtÿ ˛ A©n¬
NnØ-t£m-`w ˛ a\ v AkzÿamhpI
tcmK ˛ tcmK߃
tamlmZn ˛ A‘mfn∏v
6. jjvtT f ¿t°m l¥n tcmKm≥ £]-bXn N cn]q≥ timI-tam-lm≥
{]am¿jvSn
jjvtT ˛ Bdn¬
l¥n tcmKm≥ ˛ tcmK-\m-iw,
£]bXn c]q≥ ˛ i{Xp-\miw
timItamlm≥ {]am¿jvSn ˛ ZpJßtfbpw Bi¶Itfbpw C√mXm°p∂p.
7. A≤zm\w k]vX-atÿm PT-c-KZ-abw ssZ\y-`m-h› Xkvssa
k]vX-atÿm ˛ Ggn¬
A≤zm-\w ˛ t¢iIcamb bm{XIƒ
PT-c-K-Z-abw ˛ DZctcmK߃
(]mTt`Zw: KpZmabw ˛ KpZtcmKw)
ssZ\y`mhw
452
8. cpIv{km-hmZy--jvSaÿx Ie-bXn Ielw cmP-`oXnw N Xm]w.
AjvSaÿ ˛ F´n¬
cpIv ˛ tcmKw,
Ie-lw,
cmP-`oXnw ˛ cmP-`-bw,
Xm]w ˛ ZpJw.
9. B]-ss±\yw X]kn hnclw NnØ-tN-jvSm-\n-tcm[w
X]kn ˛ HºXn¬
B]-Xv ˛ B]-Øv,
ssZ\yw ˛ Zo\-X,
hnc-lw,
NnØ-tN-jvSm-\n-tcm[w ˛ _p≤n {]h¿Ø\clnXamhpI, A‘mfn∏v,
10. {]m]vt\m-Xyp{Kw Zi-a-Kr-ltK I¿Ω-kn≤nw Znt\ti
Zi-a-Kr-ltK ˛ ]Øn¬
I¿Ω-kn≤nw ˛ I¿Ω-hnPbw
11. ÿm\w am\w hn`-h-a]n ssNIm-Zti tcmK-\miw.
GImZti ˛ ]Xns\m∂n¬
ÿm\w am\w ˛ ÿm\am\_v[n,
hn`-h-a]n ˛ hn`-h-em`w,
tcmK-\miw.
12. t¢iw hnØ-£-b-a]n kplr-ssZz-c-at¥y Pzcw N.
At¥y ˛ ]{¥- n¬
t¢iw ˛ IjvS∏mSpIƒ
hnØ-£-b- ˛ hnØ-\m-iw,
kplr-ssZz-c ˛ kplrZvhntcm-[w,
Pzcw ˛ ]\n.
2. N{μ≥
(12)
{ItaW `mtKym-Z-ba¿∞-lm-\n¿˛
Pbw `bw timI-a-tcm-KXmw N
kpJm-\y-\njvSw KZ-an-jvS-kn≤nw
tamZw hybw N {]Z-ZmXn N{μx.
`mhw ^ew 1 `mtKym-Z-bw - ˛ mKyw
2 A¿∞-lm-\n - ˛ [-\-\-jvSw
3 Pbw
4 `bw
5 timIw
6 -Atcm-KXmw ˛ B-tcm-Kyw
7 kpJm-\n ˛ kpJw
8 -A\njvSw
9 KZ - ˛ tcm-Kw
453
10 C-jvS-kn≤n
11 tamZw ˛ k-t¥m-jw
12 hybw ˛ NnehpIƒ.
3. IpP≥
(13)
A¥-t»mIw kzP-\-hn-clw c‡-]n-tØm-jvW-tcmKw
et· hntØ `b-a]n Kncmw-tZm-j-a¿∞-£-b©
ss[tcy `utam P\-bXn Pbw kz¿Æ`qjm {]tamZw
ÿm\-{`wiw cpP-ap-Z-cPmw _‘p-ZpJw NXp-¿-t∞.
(14)
Pzc-a-\p-Nn-X-Nn¥mw ]p{XtlXphyYmw hm
Ie-bXn Ielw sskzx ]©ta `qan-]p{Xx
cn]p-I-e-l-\n-hrØnw tcmK-im¥nw N jjvtT
hnP-b-aY [\m]vXnw k¿Δ-Im-cym-\p-Iq-eyw.
(15)
If-{X-I-e-lm-£n-cp-KvP-T-c-tcm-K-Ir-’-]vXta
Pzc-£-X-P-cq-£ntXm hnK-X-hn-Ø-am-t\m f jvSta
IptP \h-a-kwÿntX ]cn-`-thm f ¿-∞-\m-im-[n-`n¿˛
hnfw-_n-X-K-Xn¿`-h-Xy-_-e-tZ-l-[mXp-£-ssb. (1)
(1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ [m-Xp-{I-ssax.
(16)
Zpt›jvSmw hm I¿Ω-hnLv\x {iax tJ
{Zhym-tcm-Ky-t£{X hr≤n› emt`
`uax tJtSm tKmNtc ZzmZ-itÿm
{Zhy-t—ZkvXm]-ap-jvWm-a-bm-ssZyx.
`mhw ^ew 1 A¥-t»mIw kzP-\-hn-clw c‡-]n-tØm-jvW-tcmKw et·
˛ Zp-Jw, kzP-\-hn-clw, c‡-]n-ØDjvW-tcmKw
2 hntØ `b-a]n Kncmw-tZm-j-a¿∞-£-b©
˛ `bw-, hm-IvtZm-jw, [-\-\m-i-w
3 ss[tcy `utam P\-bXn Pbw kz¿Æ`qjm {]tamZw
˛ Pbw, kz¿Æm-`-c-W-߃, k-t¥m-jw
4 ÿm\-{`wiw cpP-ap-Z-cPmw _‘p-ZpJw NXp-¿-t∞.
˛ ÿm\-{`wiw, DZ-c-tcm-Kw, _‘p-ZpJw.
5 Pzc-a-\p-Nn-X-Nn¥mw ......
˛ ]\n, DNnXa√mØ Nn¥Iƒ, a-°ƒ Imc-W-amb ZpJw, _‘p°fpambn
Ielw
. 6 cn]p-I-e-l-\n-hrØnw ....
˛ i-{Xp-°-fpambp≈ hg-°n\p ia-\w, tcmK-im-¥n, hnP-bw,
[\hc-hv, F√m Imcy-ßfpw A\p-Iq-eamhpI.
7 If-{X-I-e-l A£n-cp-Kv .....
454
˛ `m-cy-bp-ambn hg-°v, t\{X-tcm-Kw, D-Z-c-tcm-Kw
8 Pzc- £-X-Pcq-£ntXm ....
˛ ]-\n, -ap-dn™p c‡w t]mIp-I, [\hpw am\hpw \jvS-amIpw.
9 IptP \h-a-kwÿntX ...
˛ A-]-am-\w, [-\-\m-iw, [mXp£bwaqeap≈ _e°pdhpaqew thKw
\S°m≥IqSn hømXmhpI.
10 Zpt›jvSmw hm I¿Ω-hnLv\x....
˛ ZpjvI¿Ω߃, I¿Ω-hnLv\w, {iaw (X-f¿®, £oWw).
11 {Zhym-tcm-Ky-t£{Xhr≤n› emt`
˛ Zhyw, Btcm-Kyw, -t£{Xw (`q-an) C-h-bn¬ A`n-hr-≤n
12 `uax tJtSm tKmNtc ....
˛ {Zhy-\-jvSw, D-jvWtcm-K߃ apX-em-b-h-sIm- p Xm]w, Zp-Jw.
(17)
hnØ-£bw {inb-a-cm-Xn-`bw [\m]vXnw
`mcym-X-\q-P-I-elw hnPbw hntcm[w
]p{Xm¿∞-em-`-aY hn·Lv\a-ti-j-kuJyw
]pjvSnw ]cm-`-h-`bw {]I-tcmXn Nm{μnx.
4. _p[≥ `mhw ^ew 1 hnØ£bw ˛ [-\-\m-iw
2 -{inbw ˛ sF-iz-cyw
3 AcmXn`bw ˛ i-{Xp-`-bw
4 [\m]vXn ˛ [-\-em-`w
5 `mcym-X-\q-P-I-elw ˛ `m-cybpw a°-fp-ambn hntcm[w
6 hnPbw
7 hntcm[w
8 ]p{Xm¿∞-em-`-w ˛ ]p{X\pw [\hpw D- mIpw.
9 hnLv\w-
10 AtijkuJyw ˛ kp-Jw
11 ]pjvSn ˛ ]p-tcm-K-Xn
12 ]cm`h`bw ˛ A-]-am-\-`-bw
(18)
Poth P∑\n tZi-\n¿K-a-\-a-˛
]y¿∞-NypXnw i{XpXmw
{]m]vt\mXn {ZhnWw IpSpw-_-kp-J-a-˛
]y¿t∞ kzhm-Nm-w ^ew
Zp›nXvtI ÿnXn-\m-i-an-jvShn-bpXnw
Imcym-¥-cmbw cpPw
ZpssJ¿∫-‘p-P-t\m-¤-ssh› ln_ptI
ssZ\yw NXpjv]mZv`bw
(19)
455
]pt{Xm¬∏-Øn-ap-ss]Xn k÷-\bpXnw
cmPm-\p-Iqeyw kptX
jjvtT a{¥nWn ]oU-b¥n cn]hx
kz⁄mXtbm hym[bx
bm{Xmw tim`-\-tl-Xth h\n-Xbm
kuJyw kpXm]vXnw kvatc.
am¿§-t¢i(1)-a-cn-jvS-a-jvS-a-KtX \jvSw
[ss\x IjvS-Xmw. (1) ]mT-t`Zw ˛ arXyp-t¢-i
20)
`mtKy Poth k¿Δ-ku-`m-Ky-kn≤nw
I¿Ω-Wy¿∞-ÿm-\-]p-{Xm-Zn-]oUmw
emt` ]p{X-ÿm-\-am-\mZn em`w -
cnxt^ ZpxJw km≤zkw {Zhy-tl-tXmx.
5. hymgw
`mhw ^ew 1 Poth P∑\n tZi-\n¿K-a-\-a-]y¿∞-NypXnw i{XpXmw
tZi-\n¿K-a-\w - ˛ \mSphnS¬
A¿∞-NypXnw ˛ [\-\jvSw,
i{XpXmw ˛ i{XpX
2 {]m]vt\mXn {ZhnWw IpSpw-_-kp-J-a-]y¿t∞ kzhm-Nm-w ^ew
{]m]vt\mXn {ZhnWw ˛ -- [-\-em-`w,
IpSpw-_-kp-Jw,-
kz(kp)hm-Nm-w ^ew ˛ hm°v A\z¿∞am-Ipw
(]dbp∂Xp ^en°pw.)
3 Zp›nXvtI ÿnXn-\m-i-an-jvShn-bpXnw Imcym-¥-cmbw cpPw
ÿnXn-\m-iw -˛ ÿm-\-\-jvSw,
C-jvShn-bpXn -˛ th- -s∏-´-hcpsS th¿]mSv,
Imcym-¥-cmbw ˛ Im-cy-X-S- w
cpPw ˛ tcm-Kw
4 ZpssJ¿∫-‘p-P-t\m-¤-ssh› ln_ptI ssZ\yw NXpjv]mZv`bw
ZpssJx _-‘p-P-t\m-¤-sshx ---˛ _‘p-°ƒaqew ZpJw,
ssZ\yw ˛ Zo-\-X,
NXpjv]mXv `bw ˛ \m¬°en `bw.
5 ]pt{Xm¬∏-Øn-ap-ss]Xn k÷\bpXnw cmPm\pIqew kptX
]pt{Xm¬∏-Øn ˛ ]p-{X-P-\-\w, -
k÷-\bpXnw ˛ k-÷-\-kw-Kw,
cmPm-\p-Iqeyw,
6 jjvtT a{¥nWn ]oU-b¥n cn]hx kz⁄mXtbm hym[bx
]oU-bXn cn]hx kz⁄mXtbm˛ i{Xp]oU, _‘p°fpsS D]{Zhw
hym[bx ˛ tcm-K-߃
7 bm{Xmw ti`-\-tl-Xth h\n-Xbm kuJyw kpXm]vXnw kvatc.
bm{Xmw tim`-\-tl-Xth ˛ ip`-I¿Ω-߃°p-th- n bm{X
456
h\n-Xbm kuJyw ˛ mcymkp-Jw,
kpXm]vXnw ˛ ]p{X-em`w
8 am¿§-t¢ia-cn-jvS-a-jvS-a-KtX \jvSw [ss\x IjvS-Xmw.
am¿§t¢iw ˛ bm{Xmt¢iw
(arXyp-t¢-iw- ˛˛˛˛ 4˛˛ a-c-W-Zp-Jw)
A-cn-jvSw ˛ Zu¿`mKyw
\jvSw [ss\x ˛ [-\-\jvSw,
IjvS-Xmw ˛ I-jvS-X
9 `mtKy Poth k¿Δ-ku-`m-Ky-kn≤nw
k¿Δ-ku-`m-Ky-kn≤n ˛ F√m ku`mKyßfpw D- mIpw.
10 I¿Ω-Wn A¿∞-ÿm-\-]p-{Xm-Zn-]oUmw
A¿∞ -ÿm-\- ]p-{Xm-Zn- ]oUmw [-\w, ÿm\w, a°ƒ Ch-bv°p-tZmjw---
11 emt` ]p{X-ÿm-\-am-\mZn em`w˛ ]p{XP\\w,- ÿm-\-am-\ßfpsS e_v[n
12 cnxt^ ZpxJw km≤zkw {Zhy-tl-tXmx. ZpxJw,
km≤zkw {Zhy-tl-tXmx. ˛ [\kw_‘amb `bw
(21)
AJn-e-hn-j-b-t`mKw hnØkn≤nw hn`qXnw
kpX-kp-lr-Z-`n-hr≤nw ]p{X-e_v[nw hn]Ønw
ZniXn bphXn]oUmw kºZw hm kpJm]vXnw
Ie-l-a-`-b-a¿∞-{]m-]vXn-cn-{μmcn a-{¥n.
6. ip{I≥
1 AJn-e-hn-j-b-t`mKw ˛ F√m kpJt`mK-ßfpw A\p-`-h-am-Ipw.
2 hnØkn≤n ˛ [-\-em-`w
3 hn`qXn ˛ sF-iz-cyw
4 kpX- kp-lr-Zv A-`n-hr≤n ˛ a°ƒ°pw _‘p°ƒ°pw A`nhr≤n
5 ]p{X-e_v[n
6 hn]Øn ˛ B-]-ØpIƒ
7 bphXn]oUmw ˛ mcym-ZpJw
8 kºZw ˛ k-º-Øv
9 kpJm]vXnw ˛ kp-Jm-\p-`-hw
10 Ielw
11 A`-bw ˛ `-b-an-√m-bva
12 A¿∞-{]m-]vXn- ˛ [-\-em-`w
(22)
tcmKm-iu-N-{In-bm]vXnw [\-kp-X-hn-lXnw
ÿm\-`r-Xym¿∞-em`w
kv{Xn_-‘z¿∞-{]-Wmiw {Zhn-W-a-Xn-kpX˛
{]NypXnw k¿hkuJyw
kv{Xntcm-Km-≤zm-h-`oXnw kzkp-X-]-ip-kplr
ZznØ-\m-im-a-bmZnw
457
P∑m-tZ-c-jvS-am¥w ZniXn ]Z-h-ti˛
\m¿°-kq\px {Ita-W.
(23)
Zmcn{Zyw [¿Ω-hnLv\w ]nXr-k-a-hn-ebw
\nXy-ZpxJw ip`tÿ
Zp¿hym-]m-c-{]-hrØnw Ie-bXn Zita
am\-`wKw cpPw hm
kuJym-t\y-Im-Z-imtÿm _lp-hn-[-hn-`h˛
{]m]vXn-ap¬Ir-jvS-Io¿Ønw
hn{im¥nw hy¿∞-Im-cymXv kplr-Z-b-a-cn`nx
kv{Xokp-X-hym-[n-a-t¥y.
7. i\n 1 tcmKw ˛ tcmKw,
iu-N-{In-bm]vXnw ˛ acWm-\-¥-c-{In-b-Iƒ sNø- nhcp-I.
2 [\ -kp-X- hn-lXnw ˛ [-\-\m-iw,- ]p-{X-\m-iw
3 ÿm\- `r-Xy A¿∞- em`w ˛ ]-Z-hn, `rXy¿, [\w Ch e`n°pw-.
4 kv{Xo _-‘p A¿∞ -{]-Wmiw ˛ `m-cy, _‘p-°ƒ, [\w Chbv°p \miw
5 {Zhn-W- a-Xn -kpX {]NypXnw ˛ [-\w, _p≤n, a°ƒ Chbv°p \miw
6 k¿hkuJyw
7 kv{Xotcm-Kw ˛ kv{Xobv°p (`m-cy-bv°-p) tcmKw,
A≤zm-h-`oXn ˛ bm{Xm-t¢-i-`o-Xn.
8 kzkp-X -]-ip -kplrZv hnØ-\m-iw ˛ a°ƒ, ]ip, kplr-Øp-°ƒ, [\w
Chbv°p \miw,
B-a-bmZnw ˛ tcmKw XpS-ßn-b-h.
9 Zmcn{Zyw,
[¿Ω-hnLv\w, ˛ [m¿ΩnII¿Ω߃°p apS°w
]nXr-k-a-hn-ebw ˛ ]n-Xr-Xp-ey-cpsS \miw,
\nXy-ZpxJw
10 Zp¿hym-]m-c-{]-hrØn, ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω߃
am\-`wKw,
cpPm ˛ tcm-Kw
11 kuJym\n ˛ kp-J-߃,
_lp-hn-[-hn-`h{]m]vXn, - ˛ ]e hn[Ønep≈ [\{]m]vXn
D¬Ir-jvS-Io¿Øn, ˛ {]ikvXn
hn{im¥nw hy¿∞-Im-cym¬ ˛ th- mØ Imcy-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm-Xn-cn-°pI,
kplr-Z-b-a-cn`nx ˛ i{Xp-°-ƒt]mepw an{X-ß-fm-Ipw.
12 kv{Xo kp-X -hym-[n- ˛ `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw tcmKw.
(24)
tZl-£bw hnØ-hn-\m-i-ku-Jv.#u
ZpxJm¿∞\miu kpJ-\m-i-ar-Xyq≥
lm\nw N em`w kp`Kw hybw N
Ipcym-Ø-tam- P∑KrlmXv {Ita-W.
458
8. cmlp
1 tZl-£bw ˛ A-\m-tcm-Kyw / acWw
2 hnØ-hn-\m-iw- ˛ [-\-\-jvSw
3 ku-Jyw
4 ZpxJw
5 A¿∞-\miw
6 kpJw-
7 \m-iw
8 - ar-Xyp
9 lm\n ˛ \-jvSw, D]-{Z-hw
10 em`w ˛ h-c-hv
11 `mKyw, kpJw, kt¥mjw
12 hybw ˛ Nn-e-hv
5 tKmNcØn¬ {Kl߃ ^ew \¬Ip-∂-sX-t∏mƒ
(25)
£nXn-X-\-b-]-XwKu cmin-]q¿h-{Xn-`mtK
kpc-]-Xn-Kp-cp-ip{Iu cmin-a-≤y-{Xn-`mtK
Xpln-\-In-c-W-aμu cmin ]m›m-Xy-`mtK
iin-X-\-b-`p-PwKu ]mIZu k¿h-Im-te.
£nXn-X-\-b -]-XwKu cmin-]q¿h-{Xn-`mtK ˛ IpP\pw chnbpw cmin-bpsS BZy-`m-KØpw
kpc-]-Xn -Kp-cp- ip{Iu cmina-≤y-{Xn-`mtK ˛ Kpcphpw -ip-{I\pw cmin-bpsS a≤y-`m-KØpw
Xpln-\-In-c-W- aμu cmin ]m›m-Xy-`mtK ˛ N{μ\pw i\nbpw cmin-bpsS Ah-km\-
`m-KØpw
iin-X-\-b -`p-PwKu ]mIZu k¿h-Im-te. ˛ _p[\pw cmlphpw F√m-bvt∏mgpw
^ew \¬Ip-∂p.
1 apX¬ 8 hscbp≈t«mIßfn¬ {KlßfpsS ip`ÿm\ßfpw th[ÿm\
ßfpw, 9 apX¬ 24 hscbp≈ t«mIßfn¬ {Kl߃ Nmchim¬ Hmtcm `mhØnepw
\n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw 25˛mw t«mIØn¬ {Kl߃ cminbpsS (`mhØns‚) GXp
`mKØp hcptºmgmWp ^e{]ZamhpIsb∂pw hnhcn®p. C\n ASpØ t«mIßfn¬
\£{XtKmNcw hnhcn°p∂p .
5. \£{XtKmNcw
(26)
tcJmx k]vX kamentJZp]cnKmkvXncyIv XssYh {Iam˛
ZoimZ·n`amZntXmf ]n KWtbZmZnXy`mkymh[n
th[m P\vaZnt\ arXn¿`baYm[m\mJy \£{XtI
I¿ΩWy¿∞hn\mi\w Jep chn¿ZZym’]mt]m arXnw.
459
1. k]vXiemImN{Ihpw P∑ A\pP∑ \£{XßfpsS th[hpw
Ggp tcJIƒ Zo¿Lambpw Ggp tcJIƒ IpdptIbpw hcbv°pI. 28 tcJm
]p—߃ (tcJIfpsS A‰ßƒ) In´pw. Cuim\Zn°nse A‰w Im¿ØnIbn¬ XpSßn,
A`nPnØS°w, {IaØn¬ 28 \£{Xßfpw FgpXpI. t\sc FXnsc hcp∂ \£{Xhp
ambmWv th[ap≈Xv
1) k]vXiemImN{Iw 3 Im¿ 4 tcmln 5 aI 6 Xncp 7 ]pW 8 ]qbw 9 Bbn
2 `cWn 10 aIw
1 AizXn 11 ]qcw
28 tchXn 12 D{Xw
27 D{X´mXn 13 AØw
26 ]qcpcp´mXn 14 Nn{X
25 NXbw 15 tNmXn
24 Ahn´w 16 hnimJw
23 Xncp 22 A`nv 21 D{Xm 20 ]qcm 19 aqew 18 Xrt° 17 A\n
2) 1 ˛ 10 ˛ 19 \£{XßfpsS th[ÿm\ßfn¬ kqcy≥ h∂m¬ 1 ˛ 10 ˛ 19 \£{XßfpsS t\sc FXnscbp≈ \£{Xßfn¬ kqcy≥ Nmchim¬
hcptºmƒ AhbpsS (1 ˛ 10 ˛ 19 \£{XßfpsS) ^eßsf hn]coXambn _m[n°pw.
B th[^eßsf°pdn®mWv C\n ]dbp∂Xv.
1. tht[m P∑Znt\ arXn P∑\£{XØn\pth[w h∂m¬ acWw.
(kqcy≥ tKmNcØn¬ \n¬°p∂ \£{Xw P∑\£{Xhpambn th[n®m¬,
t\¿°p t\¿ h∂m¬ acWw ^ew.)
2. I¿ΩWn A¿∞hn\mi\w ˛ I¿Ω\£{XØn\p (10) th[w h∂m¬
[\\miw.
3. `baY B[m\mJy \£{XtI ˛ B[m\\£{XØn\p (19) th[w
h∂m¬ : `bw
4. k]mt]m arXnw ˛ Cu ÿnXnbn¬ kqcy\p ]m]kw_‘w
IqSnbps- ¶n¬ arXn^ew.
(27)
Ghw hnt≤ tJNsscx {Iqssccss\y¿acWw
kutay hnt≤ \ arXn¿hnZymtZhw kIew.
:ta¬∏d™ th[\£{Xßfn¬ ]m]nIƒ \n∂m¬ acWw. ip`∑m¿ \n∂m¬
acWw D- mhpIbn√.
460
(28)
B[m\I¿Ω¿£hn]∂nP¿t£ (1)
ssh\mintI {]Xyct` h[mtJy
]m]{Ktlm arXyp`bw hnZZym˛
tZzt[ XYm Imcylcx ip`mtJy.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: hn]÷\n¿ss£..
3). th[\£{Xßfpw Ahbnse {KlÿnXn^ehpw B[m\w ˛ 19
I¿Ωw ˛ 10
hn]Øv ˛ 3
\nP¿t£ ˛ 1
ssh\minIw 22
{]Xycw ˛ 5
h[w ˛ 7
tht[ ˛ (F∂o) th[\£{Xßfn¬
]m]{Klw ˛ ]m]∑m¿ \n∂m¬
arXyp`bw ˛ acW`bw ^ew
XYm Imcylcx ip`mtJy ˛ ]m]∑m¿°p ]Icw Chbn¬ \n¬°p∂Xv
ip`cmsW¶n¬ ImcyXS w ^ew.
(29)
BZnXykMv{Im¥nZnt\ {KlmWmw
{]thit\ hm {KltW N bpt≤
D¬°m\n]mtX XYm¤ptX N
P∑{Xbw kym∑cWmZn ZpxJw.
4) P∑A\pP∑\£{X߃ kw{Im¥n XpSßnbhbpambn HØp h∂m¬ BZnXykw{Im¥nZnt\ ˛ kqcykw{IZnhkhpw
{KlmWmw {]thit\ ˛ {Kl߃ cmin amdptºmgpw
{KltW ˛ {KlWkabØpw
bpt≤ ˛ {Klbp≤w D≈t∏mgpw
D¬°m\n]mtX ˛ sIm≈nao≥ hogptºmgpw
XYm¤ptX N ˛ {]IrXn{]Xn`mkßfnepw
P∑{Xbw kymXv ˛ 1 ˛10˛19 \£{Xßfn¬ H∂v HØp h∂m¬
acWmZnZpxJw. ˛ acWw As√¶n¬ AXpt]mep≈ ZpJw
^ew.
6. Nne {]tXyI ^e߃
(30)
AkXv^ex kuay\nco£ntXm bx
ip`{]Z›m]yipt`£nX›
Zzu \njv^eu Zzmh]n tJNtc{μu
b»{XpWm tkz\ hntemInX›.
461
AkXv^ex kuay\nco£ntXm bx ˛ Aip`∑msc ip`∑m¿ t\m°nbmepw
ip`{]Zmx N Aip` Cu£nXx N ˛ ip`∑msc Aip`∑m¿ t\m°nbmepw
Zzu \njv^eu ˛ c- pw \njv^eamIp∂p.
bx i{XpWm tkz\ hntemInX› ˛ i{Xp {KlØm¬ ho£n°s∏´mepw
\njv^ew.
ip`∑msc Aip`∑m¿ t\m°nbm¬ ip`^ew \jvSamIpw. Aip`∑msc ip`∑m¿
t\m°nbm¬ Aip`^ehpw \jvSamIpw. i{Xp{Klßfm¬ ho£n°s∏´mepw c- p
Iq´cpsSbpw ^ew CXpt]mse \jvSamIpw.
(31)
A\njvS`mhÿnXtJNtcss{μx
tkz®kztKtlm]KtXm bZn kymXv
k tZmjIrt®mØa`mhKt›Xv
]q¿Æw ^ew b—Xn tKmNtcjp.
tKmNtcjp ˛ Nmchim¬
A\njvS`mhÿnXtJNtcss{μx ˛ A\njvS`mhßfn¬ hcp∂ {Kl߃
kzD® kztKl D]KX bZn kymXv ˛ B A\njvS`mh߃ Xs‚ D®cmintbm
kzt£{Xtam BsW¶n¬
\ tZmjIrXv ˛ tZmjw sNøn√.
k DØa`mhKt›Xv ˛ (Nmchim¬ Ah hcp∂Xv ) DØa
`mhßfnemsW¶n¬
]q¿Æw ^ew b—Xn ˛ ]q¿Æ^ew XcpIbpw sNøp∂p.
(32)
{KtlizcmkvtX ip`tKmNcÿm
\oNmcnauVyw kap]m{inXmt›Xv
tX \njv^emx In¥zip`mMvIkwÿmx
IjvTw ^ew kwhnZ[Xy\¸w.
1. {Ktlizcmx tX ip`tKmNcÿm ˛ tKmNcØn¬ ip`ÿm\Øp \n¬°p∂
{Kl߃
\oNmcnauVyw kap]m{inXmt›Xv ˛ \oNcminÿnXn, i{Xpt£{XÿnXn,
auVyw Ch Ds- ¶n¬
tX \njv^emx ˛ Ah \njv^eamIp∂p. (ip`^ew
\¬In√.)
2 Aip`m¶kwÿmx ˛ tKmNcØn¬ Aip`ÿm\ßfn¬ \n¬°p∂
{Kl߃ Ah \n¬°p∂Xv Cu Zpÿm\ß
fn¬ (\oNcminÿnXn, i{Xpt£{XÿnXn,
auVyw) IqSnbmsW¶n¬ IjvTw ^ew kwhnZ[Xy\¬∏w ˛ A[nIamb tZmj^ew \¬Ip∂p.
462
(33)
ZzmZimjvSaP∑ÿmx i\y¿°mwKmcIm Kpcpx
Ip¿h¥n {]mWktμlw ÿm\\miw [\£bw.
ZzmZimjvSaP∑ÿm ˛ 12, 8, P∑cmin Chbn¬ tKmNchim¬
hcp∂
i\n A¿° AwKmcIm Kpcp ˛ i\n, chn, IpP≥, Kpcp F∂o {Kl߃
{]mWktμlw ˛ {]mW`bw
ÿm\\miw ˛ ÿm\{`wiw
[\£bw ˛ [\\miw
Ip¿h¥n ˛ Ch sNøp∂p.
(34)
Nt{μm f jvSta N [cWoX\bx (1) Ift{X
cmlp»pt` Ihn cn]u N KpcpkvXrXotb
A¿° ptX¿f°ncpZtb N _p[›Xp¿t∞
am\m¿∞lm\nacWm\n htZZzntijm¬.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: IpPN{μkpXu Ift{X ˛ sNmΔbpw _p[\pw Ggnepw
N{μmjvSta N ˛ (Nmchim¬) N{μ≥ F´nepw
[cWoX\bx Ift{X ˛ IpP≥ Ggnepw
cmlp»pt` ˛ cmlp HºXnepw
Ihn cn]u N ˛ ip{I≥ Bdnepw
Kpcpx XrXotb ˛ hymgw aq∂nepw
A¿°x kptX ˛ kqcy≥ A©nepw
A¿°n DZtb N ˛ i\n P∑Ønepw
_p[x NXp¿t∞ ˛ _p[≥ \menepw* hcptºmƒ
am\m¿∞lm\nacWm\n htZXv hntijm¬ am\lm\n, A¿∞\miw, acWw Ch
hntijn®pw ]dbWw.
* 4 {]Imcw _p 7˛¬
7. AwK\£{Xßfpw Ahbn¬ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw
P∑\£{XwapX¬°p≈ Ccp]Øntbgp \£{Xßsf AwK߃ (Ahbh߃)
Bbn k¶¬∏n®v Ahbn¬ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfmWv
C\n ]dbp∂Xv.
(35)
ht{‡ £vam aq¿≤v\n NXzmcypckn N NXpctYm
khylkvtX NXpjvIw
]mtZ jUzmalkvtX NXpcY \bt\
Zzu N Kptly Zzbw N
463
`m\p¿∂miw hn`qXnw hnPbaY [\w
\n¿[\w tZl]oUmw
em`w arXypw N Nt{I P\bXn hnhn[m≥
P∑`mt±lkwÿx.
1. kqcy≥ Nt{I P\bXn hnhn[m≥ P∑`mt±lkwÿx
˛ P∑\£{XwapX¬°p≈ \£{Xßfn¬ \n∂m¬ \¬Ip∂ ^ew.
AwKw \£{Xw ^ew
ht{‡ £va apJw 1 (1 ) \miw
aq¿≤v\n NXzmc inc v 4 (2˛5) hn`qXn (sFizcyw), [\em`w
Dckn N NXpcn amdv 4 (6˛9) hnPbw
khylkvtX NXpjvIw heXpssI 4 (10˛13) [\w ([\em`w)
]mtZ jUv ]mZ߃ 6 (14˛19) \n¿[\w ([\\miw)
hmalkvtX NXpx CSXpssI 4 (20˛23) tZl]oUm (tcmKw)
\bt\ Zzu IÆpIƒ 2 (24˛25) em`w ([\em`w )
Kptly Zzbw N Kply`mKw 2 (26˛27) arXyp (acWw)
Nmchim¬ kqcy≥ CXn¬ GXp \£{XØnemWp \n¬°p∂sX∂p t\m°n
AXp{]Imcw ^ew ]dbWw.
(36)
ioXmwtim¿hZt\ ZztbmcXn`bw
t£aw inckyw_p[u
]rjvtT i{XpPbw Zztbm¿\b\tbm¿˛
t\t{X [\w P∑`mXv
]©kzmflkpJw lrZn {Xnjp Itc
hmta hntcm[w {IamXv
]mZu jSvkp hntZiXmw P\bXn
{Xnjz¿∞em`w Itc.
2. N{μ≥ AwKw \£{Xw ^ew
hZt\ Zztbmx AXn`bw apJw 2 1˛2 AXn`bw
t£aw inckn Aw_p[u inc v 4 3˛6 t£aw
]rjvtT i{XpPbw Zztbm ]rjvTw 2 7˛8 i{XpPbw
\b\tbm t\t{X [\w IÆpIƒ 2 9˛10 [\em`w
]©kzmflkpJw lrZn lrZbw (amdv) 5 11˛15 BflkpJw
{Xnjp Itc hmtahntcm[w CSXp ssI 3 16˛18 hntcm[w
]mZu jSvkp hntZiXmw ImepIƒ 6 19˛24 hntZiKa\w
{Xnjp A¿∞em`w Itc heXp ssI 3 25˛27 [\em`w
(37)
ht{‡ tZz acWw ItcmXyh\nPx jUv]mZtbm¿hn{Klw
t{ImtU {XoWn Pbw NXp¿hn[\Xmw hmta Itc akvXtI
464
tZz em`w NXpcm\t\[nI`bw t£aw Itc Z£ntW
h¿≤ntZz \bt\ hntZiKa\w Nt{I kzP∑¿£Xx
3. IpP≥ AwKw \£{Xw ^ew
ht{‡ tZz acWw apJw 2 1˛2 acWw
jUv ]mZtbm hn{Kl ]mZ߃ 6 3˛8 Ielw, bp≤w
t{ImtU {XoWn Pbw amdv 3 9˛11 Pbw
NXpx hn[\Xmw hmta Itc CSXp ssI 4 12˛15 [\\miw, Zmcn{Zyw
akvXtI tZz em`w inc v 2 16˛17 em`w
NXpx B\t\ A[nI`bw apJw 4 18˛21 A[nI`bw
t£aw Itc Z£ntW heXpssI 4 22˛25 t£aw
tZz \bt\ hntZiKa\w IÆpIƒ 2 26˛27 hntZiKa\w
(38)
aq¿≤v\n {XoWn aptJ {Xbw N Ictbmx jUv ]© Ip£u XYm
enwtK tZz ZznNXpjvSbw NcWtbmx {]m]vtXf atc{μm¿®nXx
timIw em`a\¿∞a¿∞\nNbw \miw {]XnjvTmw XYm
ZZymZmflZn\mØssYh `rKpPmkvXZzZv_pt[m f ]n {IamXv.
4. _p[≥, 5. Kpcp, 6. ip{I≥ AwKw \£{Xw ^ew
aq¿≤v\n {XoWn inc v 3 1˛3 timIw
aptJ {Xbw N apJw 3 4˛6 em`w
Ictbmx jUv ssIIƒ 6 7˛12 A\¿∞w
]© Ip£u DZcw 5 13˛17 A¿∞\nNbw ([\w)
enwtK tZz Kplyw 2 18˛19 \miw
ZznNXpjvSbw NcWtbmx ImepIƒ 8 20˛27 {]XnjvTm (AwKoImcw)
{]m]vtX Aatc{μm¿®nXx ˛ hymgØn\v
ZZymXv BflZn\m XssYh `rKpPmx XZzZv_p[x A]n {IamXv
˛ ip{I≥, _p[≥ Chbv°pw hymgsØt∏mse Xs∂bmIp∂p.
(39)
`qthZh”nKpWthZicm·nt\{X˛
Z{kw N h{‡Ic]mZ]tZjp lkvtX
Ip£u N aq¿≤v\n \b\Zzb ]rjvT`mtK˛
\yky {ItaW i\nkwbpX`m∂nP¿£mXv.
(40)
ZpxJw N kuJyw Ka\w N \miw
em`w kzt`mKw kpJkuJyarXyq≥
h{‡{IamZml ^em\n aμ˛
sskhyw Xax tJNctbm¿hZ¥p.
465
7. i\n, 8. cmlp, 9. tIXp
AwKw \£{Xw ^ew
`q 1 h{‡ apJw 1 ZpJw
thZ 4 Ic ˛ heXp ssI 2˛5 kuJyw
h”n 3 ]mZ ˛ heXp Im¬ 6˛8 Ka\w
KpW 3 ]tZjp ˛ CSXp Im¬ 9˛11 \miw
thZ 4 lkvtX ˛ CSXp ssI 12˛15 em`w
ic 5 Ip£u ˛ DZcw 16˛20 t`mKkpJw
A·n 3 aq¿≤v\n ˛ inc v 21˛23 kpJw
t\{X 2 \b\Zu IÆpIƒ 24˛25 kuJyw
A{kw 2 ]rjvT`mtK ˛]rjvTw 26˛27 arXyp
h{‡{IamZml ^em\n aμky ˛ Cßs\ apJw aqX¬ i\nbpsS ^ew
Ghw Xax tJNctbmx hZ¥p ˛ Xtam{KlßfpsS (cmlptIXp°fpsS)
^ehpw C{]Imcw (i\nsbt∏mse)
]dbWw.
`qXkwJy ]©`qX߃ am{Xa√, FÆØn\v D]tbmKs∏SpØmhp∂hsb√mwXs∂ Cu
k{ºZmbØn¬ D]tbmKn°mdp- v. CXv kμ¿`w A\pkcn®v Dulns®Sp°Ww
.
8 AjvSh¿§^ew (41)
b{XmjvSh¿t§f[nI_nμhx kyp˛
kvX{X ÿntXm tKmNctXm {Ktlss{μx
XZzXv^ew {]ml ip`w hybmcn˛
c{‘ÿntXm hmf]n ip`w hn[tØ.
b{XmjvSh¿t§f[nI_nμhx kyp ˛ AjvSh¿§Øn¬ A[nIw _nμp°fp≈
cminIfn¬
v X{X ÿntXm tKmNctXm {Ktlss{μx ˛ Nmchim¬ {Kl߃ hcptºmƒ
XZzXv^ew {]ml ip`w ˛ ^ew ip`ambncn°pw
hybmcnc{‘ÿntXm hmf]n ip`w hn[tØ.
˛ B cmin PmXIØn¬ 12, 6, 8 `mhßfn¬ H∂mbncp∂mepw ip`^ew
\¬Ipw.
Zpÿm\ambncp∂mepw AjvSIh¿§Øn¬ th- {X _nμp°fps- ¶n¬ AXp
kpÿm\Øns‚ ^ew \¬Ipsa∂¿∞w.
9 eØm\£{Xßfpw Ahbn¬ {Kl߃ \n∂mep≈ ^eßfpw (42)
cth¿±zmZi\£{Xw `qkpXky XrXobIw
Kptcmx jSvXmcIw ssNh it\cjvSaXmcIw
466
(43)
GtXjmw N ]ptcmeØm ]rjvTeØmx {]Io¿ØnXmx
ip{Iky ]©aw Xmcw N{μPky Xp k]vXaw.
(44)
cmtlmkvXp \haw ssNh Zzmhnwiw `w lnaZyptXx
{KlÿnX¿£mZv KWtb√Ømbmw P∑t` hyYm. .(1)
(1) ]mTt`Zw. P∑t` h[x.
1. cthx ZzmZi\£{Xw ˛ kqcy\n¬\n∂p ]{¥- masØ \£{Xw
`qkpXky XrXobIw ˛ IpP\n¬\n∂p ˛ 3
Kptcmx jSvXmcIw ˛ Kpcphn¬\n∂p ˛ 6
it\cjvSaXmcIw ˛ i\nbn¬\n∂p ˛ 8
GtXjmw N ]ptcmeØm ˛ ChbmWv ]ptcmeØIƒ
(apt∂m´v FtÆ- h)
2. ]rjvTeØmx ˛ ]rjvSeØIƒ (]ndtIm´v FtÆ- h)
ip{Iky ]©aw Xmcw ˛ ip{I\n¬\n∂p ˛ 5
N{μPky Xp k]vXaw. ˛ _p[\n¬\n∂p ˛ 7
cmtlmkvXp \haw ssNh ˛ cmlpn¬\n∂p ˛ 9
Zzmhnwiw `w lnaZyptXx ˛ N{μ\n¬\n∂p ˛ 22
{KlÿnX¿£mZv KWtbXv ˛ {Klw \n¬°p∂ cminapX¬ FÆWw.
(kqcy≥ \n¬°p∂ \£{XØn¬\n∂pw ]{¥- masØ \£{Xw, N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂
\£{XØn≥ \n∂pw 22˛masØ \£{Xw F∂nßs\ {IaØn¬ IW°m°Ww.)
eØmbmw P∑t` hyYm ˛ P∑\£{XeØm^ew:
(eØm\£{Xw P∑\£{Xambn hcp∂ Znhkw)
hyY, ZpJw.
(45)
cth ¿hm∞lm\nkymØatkm ZpxJapNytX
acWw PoheØmbmw _‘p\miw `bmhlw
(46)
ip{Iky Ielw {`wia\¿∞w iinPky Xp
N{μky Xp almlm\n¿eØmam{X^ew `thXv.
(47)
k¿h{X eØm km¶cyZznKpW{XnKpWm[nIm
htZt±mj^ew \rWmw {Klm√Øm[nIm{IamXv.
eØm^ew 1. cthx k¿hm¿∞lm\n ˛ kqcyeØm^ew k¿hm¿∞([\)lm\n
2 Xatkm ZpJapNytX ˛ cmlptIXp°ƒ°v ZpJw,
3 acWw PoheØmbmw.... ˛ Kpcp eØbv°v acWw, _‘p\miw, `bw
4 ip{Iky Ielw {`wiw ˛ ip{IeØbv°v Ielw, ÿm\{`wiw
467
5 A\¿∞w iinPky ˛ _p[eØbv°v A\¿∞w
6 N{μky almlm\nx ˛ N{μeØbv°p henb lm\n.
2. k¿h{X eØm km¶cyw ˛ F√m eØIfpw Iq´n ^ew ]dbWw.
ZznKpW{XnKpWm [nIm ˛ c- p eØbv°p c- p aSßv,
aq∂p eØbv°p aq∂nc´n
htZXv tZmj^ew \rWmw
{Klm√Øm[nIm{IamXv ˛ {KleØbpsS h¿≤\bv°\pkcn®v
tZmj^ew ]dbWw.
(CXn¬ IpP≥, i\n ChcpsS eØm^ew ]dRvRn´n√. 4˛¬ acWw PoheØmbmw
_‘p\miw IpPky N F∂ ]mTt`ZØn¬°qSn IpPs‚ Ipdhp ]cnlcn°p∂p- v .
10 th[߃°v k¿ΔtXm`{ZN{Ihpw {]amWamIp∂p
(48)
k¿htXm`{ZNt{Im‡ip`th[mx ip`mhlmx
]m]th[m ZpJXcm tKmNtcXm› Nn¥tbXv.
k¿htXm`{ZNt{Im‡ ˛ k¿htXm`{ZN{IØn¬ ]d™n´p≈
hn[Ønepw,
ip`th[mx ip`mhlmx ˛ ip`th[w ip`Ichpw ,
]m]th[m ZpJXcm ˛ ]m]th[w Aip`IchpamWv.
tKmNtcXm› Nn¥tbXv ˛ CXpw tKmNcØn¬ Nn¥n°Ww.
tKmNc^eØn¬ eØsbt∏mseØs∂ k¿htXm`{ZN{IØn\pw Hcp {][m\
ÿm\ap- v. ^eZo]nIbn¬ AXp kμ¿`him¬ kqNn∏n®nt´bp≈q. a‰p ]e
{KŸßfnepw AXp hnkvXcn®p hnhcn®n´p- v. PmXIm`cWØn¬ 60 t«mIßfn
emWv CXp ]dbp∂Xv. A¬∏w henb hnjbambXn\mepw IqSpXembn H∂pw AXp
sh®p ]dbm\n√mØXn\mepw Bbncn°Ww at{¥izc≥ k¿htXm`{ZN{Ihpw AXns‚
^eßfpw hnkvXcn°msX hn´Xv.
(49)
Zim]lmcmjvSIh¿§tKmNtc
{Ktljp \rWmw hnjaÿntXjz]n
Pt]® XXv {]oXnIssc pI¿Ω`nx
ItcmXn im¥nw {hXZm\hμss\x.
Zim]lmcmjvSIh¿§tKmNtc ˛ Zim]lmcw, AjvSh¿§w, tKmNcw ChIfn¬
,{Ktljp \rWmw hnjaÿntXjz]n ˛ {Kl߃ a\pjy¿°p {]XnIqeambn
hcptºmƒ,
Pt]Xv N XXv {]oXnIsscx....... ˛ P]w, kXvI¿Ω߃, {hXw, Zm\w, hμ\w
F∂ohsIm- v {Klim¥n hcpØWw.
468
(50)
AlnwkIky Zm¥ky [¿Ωm¿÷nX[\ky N
k¿hZm \nbaÿky kZm km\p{Klm {Klmx.
AlnwkIky -˛ Alnwk ]men°p∂h≥
Zm¥ky ˛ Bflkwba\ap≈h≥
[¿Ωm¿÷nX[\ky N ˛ [m¿ΩnIambn B¿÷n® [\tØmSp
IqSnbh≥
k¿hZm \nbaÿky ˛ \nbaØn¬ (ba\nbaßfn¬)
h¿Øn°p∂h≥
kZm km\p{Klm {Klmx. ˛ Cßs\bp≈h\v Ft∏mgpw {KlßfpsS
A\p{Klw D- mIpw.
Alnwk (Hcmƒ°pw H∂n\pw Hcphn[Ønepw t{Zmlw sNømXncn°¬),
Bfl\nb{¥Ww, [m¿ΩnIambnam{Xw [\kºmZ\w XpSßnb kZvKpWßtfmsS
im¥cmbn Pohn°p∂h¿°v {Kl߃ Ft∏mgpw A\p{Kl߃ sNmcnbp∂p.
469
A≤ymbw 27
k\ymktbmK߃ (1)
{Kssl›Xp¿`nx klntX J\mtY
{XntImWssKx tI{μKssXkvXp ap‡x
et· Krlmt¥ kXn kuay`mtK
tIt{μ Kpcu tImWKtX N ap‡x
1. J\mtY ˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]≥
{Kssl›Xp¿`nx klntX ˛ \mep {KlßfpsS IqsS
{XntImWssKx tI{μKssXkvXp ˛ {XntImWØntem tI{μØntem \n∂m¬
ap‡x ˛ ap‡\mIpw.
2. et· Krlmt¥ kXn ˛ P\\w e·wcminbpsS Ahkm\`mKØmhpI;
kuay`mtK ˛ B `mKw ip``mKamhpIbpw sNøpI
Kpcu ˛ Kpcp
tIt{μ tImWKtX N ˛ {XntImWØntem tI{μØntem \n¬°pI
ap‡x ˛ F∂m¬ ap‡\mIpw.
(2)
GI¿£kwssÿ›XpcmZnssIkvXp
{Kssl¿htZØ{X _em\zntX\
{]{hPyXmw X{X hZ¥n tINnXv
I¿taiXpeymw klntX J\mtY.
1. GI¿£kwssÿx ˛ Hcp cminbn¬ \n¬°p∂
NXpcmZnssIkvXp {Ksslx ˛ \mtem AXne[nItam {Klßfn¬
htZØ{X _em\zntX\ ˛ _eap≈ {KlsØs°m- p
{]{hPyXmw X{X hZ¥n k\ymktbmKw ]dbWw
2. klntX J\mtY. ˛ AXn¬ ]Ømw`mhm[n]≥ Ds- ¶n¬
I¿taiXpeymw ˛ B {KlØn\p Xpeyamb
{]{hPymw X{X hZ¥n tINnXv ˛ {]{hPysb (k\ymksØ) ]dbWw
F∂p Nne¿.
470
(3)
iio ZrKmtW chnPky kwÿnXx
IpPm¿°nZrjvtS {]ItcmXn Xm]kw
IpPmwitI hm chntP\ ZrjvtS
\hmwiXpeymw IYb¥n Xw ]p\x.
1. iio ZrKmtW chnPky kwÿnXx ˛ i\nbpsS t{Z°mWØn¬ \n¬°p∂
N{μ\v
IpPm¿°nZrjvtS {]ItcmXn Xm]kw ˛ IpPt‚tbm i\nbptStbm ZrjvSnbps- ¶n¬
{]ItcmXn Xm]kw ˛ PmXI≥ Xm]k\mIpw..
2. IpPmwitI hm chntP\ ZrjvtS ˛ IpPmwiIØn¬ \n¬°p∂ N{μ\p i\n
ZrjvSnbps- ¶nepw Xm]k\mIpw.
\hmwiXpeyw IYb¥n Xw ]p\x. ˛ (N{μ≥ \n¬°p∂)\hmwia\pkcn®p
{]{hPysb ]dbWw.
(4)
P∑m[n]x kqcykptX\ ZrjvSx
tissjcZrjvSx ]pcpjky kpXu
BflobZo£mw IpcptX lyhiyw
]q¿thm‡a{Xm]n hnNmcWobw.
P∑m[n]x ˛ N{μe·m[n]\v
tissjcZrjvSx ]pcpjky kpXu˛ as‰mcp {KlØns‚bpw ZrjvSnbn√msX
kqcykptX\ ZrjvSx ˛ i\nZrjvSn am{Xw Ds- ¶n¬
BflobZo£mw IpcptX lyhiyw ˛ BflZo£ sNøpw, k\ykn°pw.
]q¿thm‡a{Xm]n hnNmcWobw. ˛ k\ymkk{ºZmbw ChnsSbpw t\csØ
]d™Xpt]mse(\hmwiwsIm- v) ]dbWw
.
(5)
tbmKniw Zo£nXw hm IebXn XcWn˛
kv{Xo¿∞]mŸw lnamwip¿˛
Zp¿a{¥⁄w N _u≤m{ibah\nkptXm
t⁄m aXm\yw {]hnjvSw
thZm¥⁄m\n\w hm bXnhcaatc˛
tUym `qKp¿enwKhrØnw
{hmXyw ssieqjhrØnw i\ncnl ]XnXw
hmY ]mjfin\m hm.
k\ymkt`Zw :
(t\csØ ]d™ ]Ømw`mhm[n]s\ / \hmwim[n]s\s°m- v) ˛˛
tbmKniw Zo£nXw hm IebXn XcWnx ˛ kqcy≥ : tbmKoizc≥, Zo£nX≥
Xo¿∞]mŸw lnamwip ˛ N{μ≥ : Xo¿∞bm{X sNøp∂h≥
471
Zp¿a{¥⁄w N _u≤m{ibah\nkptXm ˛ IpP≥ : Zp¿a{¥ßƒ Adnbp∂h≥,
_u≤≥,
t⁄m aXm\yw {]hnjvSw ˛ _p[≥ :A\yaXw (aXw amdpw)
thZm¥⁄m\n\w hm bXnhcaatctUym ˛ Kpcp :thZm¥n, {_“⁄m\n
`qKp¿enwKhrØnw {hmXyw ssieqjhrØnw˛ ip{I≥ :enwKhrØn , I≈k\ymkn
i\ncnl ]XnXw hmY ]mjfin\m hm. i\n :]XnX\pw ]mjfinbpw (thZhncp≤≥)
(6)
AXnib]ebp‡x ioXKpx ip¢]t£
_ehnclnXta\w t{]£tX e·\mYw
bZn `hXn X]kzo ZpxJnXx timIX]vtXm
[\P\]cnlo\x Ir{Oe_v[m∂]m\x.
AXnib_ebp‡x ioXKpx ip¢]t£ ˛ shfpØ ]£Øn¬ hfsc _etØmsS
\n¬°p∂ N{μ≥
_ehnclnXta\w t{]£tX e·\mYw Zp¿∫e\mbe·m[n]s\
t\m°p∂psh¶n¬
bZn `hXn X]kzo ˛ B PmXI≥ X]kznbmIp∂psh¶n¬
ZpxJnXx timIX]vtXm ˛ ZpJnX\pw timIX]vX\pw
[\P]cnlo\x ˛ [\hpw, _‘p°fpw C√mØ\pw
Ir{Oe_v[m∂]m\x. ˛ A∂]m\߃°v hnjan°pp∂h\p
ambncn°pw.
(Zp¿∫e\mb e·m[n]\m¬ t\m°s∏Sp∂psh¶n¬ F∂pw ImWp∂p.)
(7)
{]IYnXap\ntbmtK cmPtbmtKm bZn kym˛
Zip`^ehn]mIw k¿Δap∑qey ]›mXv
P\bXn ]rYnhoiw Zo£nXw km[pioew
{]WX\p]intcm`nx kv]rjvS]mZm_vPbp‹w.
{]IYnXap\ntbmtK ˛apIfn¬ ]d™ k\ymktbmKßfpsS IqsS
cmPtbmtKm bXnkymXv ˛ cmPtbmK߃IqSnbps- ¶n¬
Aip`^ehn]mIw k¿Δap∑qey ˛ Aip`^eßsfsb√mw \in∏n®v
Zo£nXw km[pioew ˛ Zo£nX\pw km[pioe\pamb,
{]WX \p]intcm`nx kv]rjvS ]mZm_vPbp‹w
˛ cmPm°∑m¿ t]mepw ]mZ߃ sXm´p
hμn°p.∂
]›mXv P\bXn ]rYnhoiw ˛ cmPmhmIpw
(8)
NXzmtcm ZypNcmx J\mYklnXmx
tIt{μ {XntImtW f Yhm
kpÿmt\ _en\kv{Xtbm bZn XZm
k\ymkkn≤n¿ `thXv
kZv_mlpeyhim® X{X kpip`˛
472
ÿm\ÿnssXkvssX¿htZXv
{]{hPymw alnXmw kXma`naXmw
tNZ\yYm \nμnXmw.
1. J\mYklnXmx ˛ ]Ømw`mhm[n]\S°ap≈
NXzmtcm ZypNcmx ˛ \mep {Kl߃
tIt{μ {XntImtW f Yhm ˛ tI{μØntem {XntImWØntem \n¬°pI
As√¶n¬
2. kpÿmt\ _en\kv{Xtbm bZn XZm ˛kpÿm\ßfn¬_eap≈aq∂p {Kl߃
\n¬°pI; F¶n¬
k\ymkkn≤n¿ `thXv ˛ k\ymkkn≤nbp- mIpw.
3. kZv_mlpeyhim® ˛ CXn¬ ip`{Kl߃ A[nIap- mIpIbpw
X{Xkpip`ÿm\ÿnssXkvssX¿˛Ah ip`ÿm\ßfnn¬ \n¬°pIbpw
sNbvXm¬
htZXv {]{hPymw alnXmw kXma`naXmw ˛ kØp°ƒ am\n°p∂ alØmb
{]{hPysb ]dbWw
4. tNZ\yYm \nμnXmw. ˛ CXn\p hn]coXambn Aip`∑mcpw
Aip`ÿm\ßfpw
h∂m¬ \nμn°s∏Sp∂h\pamIpw.
473
A≤ymbw 28
D]kwlmcw hnjbhnhcw
(1)
kw⁄m[ymbx ImctIm h¿§kwt⁄m
hocym[ymbx I¿ΩmPothm f Y tbmKx
tbmtKm cm⁄mw cminiotem {KlmWmw
tajmZo\mw e·k{ºm]vXioex.
(2)
`mcym`mthm PmXIw Iman\o\mw
kq\p¿_memcnjvStbmtKmf Y tcmKx
`mhkvXkvamXv ZzmZimhm]vX`mhm
\ncymWw kymZv Zzn{KlmZym› XkvamXv.
(3)
kqcymZo\mw bXv^ew X±im]vXw
`mhmZo\maoizcm¶m Zim N
kqcymZo\ma¥cmJym Zimf Y
khymkhym ImeNt{ImfjvSh¿Kx
(4)
tlmcmkmcmhm]vX bZyjvSh¿tKm
amμy[ymtbm tKmNcx kymXv {]{hPyx
A[ymbm\mw hnwiXnx k]vXbp‡m≥
P∑t\yXZvtKmfPw kwhZman.
A≤ymbw hnjbw
1. kw⁄m[ymbx -˛ cminIsfbp `mhßsfbpw Ipdn®p≈
hnhc߃
2. ImctIm ˛ {KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃
3. h¿§kwt⁄m ˛ Zih¿§ßƒ
4. hocym[ymbx ˛ {Kl_ew (jUv_ew)
5. I¿ΩmPoh ˛ I¿ΩmPohw (D]Poh\am¿§w)
474
6. tbmKx ˛ tbmK߃
7. tbmtKm cm⁄mw ˛ kzXxkn≤cmPtbmK߃
8. cminiotem {KlmWmw ˛ HºXp {Kl߃ ]{¥- p `mhßfn¬
\n∂mep≈ ^e߃
9. tajmZo\mw e·k{ºm]vXioex. taSw XpSßnb e·^ehpw a‰pw
10. `mcym`mthm ˛ If{X`mhw
11. PmXIw Iman\o\mw ˛ kv{XoPmXIw
12. kq\p ˛ ]p{X`mhw
13. _memcnjvStbmtKm ˛ _memcnjvSpw Bbp pw
14. tcmKx ˛ tcmKw, acWw, ap÷∑hpw hcpw P∑hpw
15. `mhx ˛ `mhNn¥ (`mh_ehpw a‰pw)
16. ZzmZimhm]vX`mhm ˛ ZzmZi`mh^ew
17. \ncymWw ˛ \ncymWw
18. Zzn{KlmZym› ˛ Zzn{KltbmK߃
19. kqcymZo\mw bXv^ew X±im]vXw ˛ Zim^ew
20. kqcymZo\ma¥cmJym Zimf Y˛ A¥¿±im^ew (A]lmc^ew)
21. {]Xy¥¿±im^ew ˛ {]Xy¥¿±im^ew
22. ImeNt{Im ˛ ImeN{IZi XpSßnbh
23,24 AjvSh¿tKm ˛ AjvS¿§w
25 amμy[ymtbm ˛ amμn XpSßnb D]{Kl߃
26. tKmNcx kymXv ˛ tKmNcw
27. {]{hPyx ˛ k\ymktbmK߃
A[ymbm\mw hnwiXnx k]vXbp‡m≥ ˛ BsI 27 A≤ymb߃
{KŸImcs\°pdn®v (5)
{ioimenhmSnPmtX\ abm at{¥iztcW ssh
ssZht⁄\ ZznPmt{KyW kXmw tPymXn¿hnZmw aptZ.
(6)
kpIp¥fmw_mw kºqPy k¿hm`ojvS{]Zmbn\ow
XXvISm£hntitjW IrXm bm ^eZo]nIm.
{ioimenhmSnPmtX\ ˛ {ioimenhmSnbn¬ (Xncps\¬thenbn¬)
P\n®
ssZht⁄\ ZznPmt{KW ˛ ssZh⁄\pw {_m“W\pamb
abm at{¥iztcW ssh ˛ at{¥izcs\∂ F∂m¬
kXmw tPymXn¿hnZmw aptZ ˛ kØp°fmb tPymXnj]finX∑mcpsS
tamZØn\mbns°m- v
k¿hm`ojvS{]Zmbn\ow ˛ F√m B{Klßfpw km[n®p Xcp∂
kpIp¥fmw_mw kºqPy ˛ Ip¥fmw_.sb ]qPn®v
XXvISm£hntitjW ˛ B tZhnbpsS A\p{KlISm£wsIm- v
IrXm bm ^eZo]nIm. ˛ cNn°s∏´XmWv Cu ^eZo]nI.
475
{KŸkqNn
1. ^eZo]nIbpsS hymJym\߃
1. ‰n. F≥. \mWp]n≈ Bim≥,
Fkv. Sn. B¿. ]ªnt°j≥kv, sIm√w. (10th Edition ) 2. Dr. G. .S. Kapoor, Ranjan Publications, New Delhi (1991) 3. Pandit Gopesh Kumar Ojha and Pandit Ashutosh Ojha, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Delhi. (2008) 4. sNdph≈n \mcmbW≥ \ºqXncn,
tZhn _p°v Ãmƒ, sImSpß√q¿ (2009)
2. a‰p {KŸßƒ 1. i_vZXmcmhen -˛ {ioIWvtTizcw Pn. ]fl\m`]n≈
2. tPymXnj\nL- p ˛ HmW°q¿ i¶cKWI≥
IqSmsX, tlmcmimkv{Xw, PmXI]mcnPmXw, PmXImtZiw, {]iv\am¿§w XpSßnb
\nch[n KŸßfpw tUm. _n.hn. cma≥, F≥. C. apØpkzman XpSßnb B[p\nI
BNmcy∑mcpsS ]pkvXIßfpw Cu X¿÷abpsS cN\bn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p- v.
A\p_‘w
IS-]-bmZn A£ckwJy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
I J- K- L - M- N- O - P - Q- R
-S- T- U - V - W - X -Y -Z - [- \-
] - ^ --_ ` -a-
b- c - e - h - i j- k - l - f g, d
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
\nba߃
1. kwJyIfpsS {Iaw heØp\n∂pw CStØm´v
2. AImcmZn kzcm£c߃ ]Xn\mdpw ]qPyw
3. Iq´£cßfn¬ Xmsg hcp∂ A£cØns‚ kwJy.
d Iq´£cambm¬ c bpsS kwJy
4. hyRvP\ßtfmSv kzcw tN¿∂m¬ hyRvP\Ønns‚
kwJy Xs∂.
5. 9˛\p tijw ]qPyw h∂m¬ 10, 1 h∂m¬ 11 Cu {IaØn¬.
-