phantom load manual

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INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR

PHANTOM LOAD

MODEL PA-2505 & PA-2505K

It is essential that this instruction book be read thoroughly before putting the equipment in service

4271 Bronze Way Dallas Texas 75237-1088 USA Phone (214) 330 3201


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Revision History

Revision ECN Number Date

0 Initial Release1 28917 2-7-012 30834 1-30-08

IMPORTANT

The information and data contained within this instruction manual are the proprietary with Megger. The equipment described herein maybe protected by one or more US letters patent. Megger specifically reserves to itself all rights to such proprietary information as well as all

rights under any such patent, none of which is waved by submission of this instruction manual to anyone.

The recipient, if a Government agency acknowledges that this instruction book and the equipment described were procured with LimitedRights to technical data as described to ASPR 0-203 (b).

Copyright Megger , 2008.

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ContentsINTRODUCTION TO TESTING WATTHOUR METERS....................................................................... I

INTRODUCTION TO TESTING WATTHOUR METERS II ...............................................................IICHARTS / TABLES .................................................................................................................................. 1SAFETY PRECAUTIONS......................................................................................................................... 6THEORY OF OPERATION....................................................................................................................... 7INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS.......................................................................................................... 9OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................................. 10SERVICE AND REPAIR DATA............................................................................................................. 13SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ....................................................................................................................... 15

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CHARTS/TABLESCONSTANT TABLE FOR REFERENCE STANDARDS

WITHBASIC Kh OF 6/10

Constant For Potential Coil Of:

Current CoilAmperes

120 Volts 240 Volts 480 Volts

1 0.12 0.24 0.48

1.5 0.18 0.36 0.95 0.6 1.2 2.4

12.5 1.5 3.0 6.0

15 1.8 3.6 7.250 6.0 12.0 24.0

CONSTANT TABLE FOR REFERENCE STANDARDS

WITHBASIC Kh OF 1/3

Constant For Potential Coil Of:

Current Coil

Amperes

120 Volts 240 Volts 480 Volts

1 1/15 2/15 4/15

1.5 1/10 1/5 2/5

5 1/3 2/3 1-1/3

12.5 5/6 1-2/3 3-1/315 1 2 4

50 3-1/3 6-2/3 13-1/3

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Reference Standard

Reference Standard Kh = 0.6 on 120 Volt, 5 Amp Coils

Meter Under Test Full Load (100%) Light Load (10%)

KhRated

or

TestAmps

Number

of

Stators120V 240V

Std.

current

Coil

Rev.

Mtr.

Rev.

Std.

Std.

Current

Coil

Rev.

Mtr.

Rev.

Std.

2.5 1 0.3 0.6 5.0 20 10.00 1 1 2.50

5.0 1 0.6 1.2 5.0 20 20.00 1 1 5.0015.0 1 1.8

3.0

3.6

6.0

12.515.0

12.5

15.0

2020

10

10

24.0020.00

20.00

16.67

1

1

1

1

15.00

25.00

30.0

(or

50)

1 ---

6.0

7.2

12.0

14.4

50.0

50.0

50.0

20

20

20

12.00

20.0024.00

5

55

1

11

6.00

10.0012.00

2.5 2 1.2 2.4 5.0 20 20.00 1 1 5.00

5.0 2 2.4 4.8 5.0 10 20.00 1 1 10.00

15.0 2 7.2 14.4 12.515.0

1010

24.0020.00 1 1 30.00

30.0 2 14.4 28.8 50.0 10 12.00

2.5 3 1.8 3.6 5.0 20 20.00 1 1 5.00

5.0 3 3.6 7.2 5.0 10 20.00 1 1 10.00

15.0 3 10.8 21.6 12.515.0

1010

24.0020.00 1 1 30.00

30.0 3 21.6 43.2 50.0 10 12.00 5 1 12.00

2.5 4 1.8 3.6 5.0 20 15.00 1 1 3.75

5.0 4 3.6 7.2 5.0 10 15.00 1 1 7.50

15.0 4 10.8 21.6 12.515.0

1010

18.0015.00 1 1 22.50

30.0 4 21.6 43.2 50.0 10 9.00 5 1 9.00

The above data are based on single-phase test, series connection.

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Reference Standard Kh = 1/3 on 120 Volt, 5 Amp Coils

Meter Under Test Full Load (100%) Light Load (10%)

KhRatedor

Test

Amps

Numberof

Stators120V 240V

Std.current

Coil

Rev.Mtr.

Rev.Std.

Std.Current

Coil

Rev.Mtr.

Rev.Std.

2.5 1 0.3 0.6 5.0 20 18.00 1 1 4.50

5.0 1 0.6 1.2 5.0 20 36.00 1 1 9.00

15.0 1 1.8

3.0

3.6

6.0

12.515.012.5

15.0

202010

10

43.2036.0036.00

30.00

1

1

1

1

27.00

45.00

30.0

(or

50)

1 ---

6.0

7.2

12.0

14.4

50.0

50.0

50.0

20

20

20

21.60

36.00

43.20

5

5

5

1

1

1

10.80

18.00

21.60

2.5 2 1.2 2.4 5.0 20 36.00 1 1 9.00

5.0 2 2.4 4.8 5.0 10 36.00 1 1 18.0015.0 2 7.2 14.4 12.5

15.01010

43.2036.00 1 1 54.00

30.0 2 14.4 28.8 50.0 10 21.60

2.5 3 1.8 3.6 5.0 20 36.00 1 1 9.00

5.0 3 3.6 7.2 5.0 10 36.00 1 1 18.00

15.0 3 10.8 21.6 12.5

15.0

10

10

43.20

36.00 1 1 54.00

30.0 3 21.6 43.2 50.0 10 21.60 5 1 21.60

2.5 4 1.8 3.6 5.0 20 27.00 1 1 6.75

5.0 4 3.6 7.2 5.0 10 27.00 1 1 13.50

15.0 4 10.8 21.6 12.5

15.0

10

10

32.40

27.00 1 1 40.50

30.0 4 21.6 43.2 50.0 10 16.20 5 1 16.20

The above data are based on single-phase test, series connection.

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WATTHOUR METER ACCURACY CALCULATOR

When using a rotating standard, the accuracy of the meter under test can be evaluated using the formula

100R

R1A

=

R1 = calculated number of revolutions of rotating standard for 100% accuracy

R = actual number of revolutions of rotating standard during the test

The following scales give the percent accuracy (A, lower level) for various actual number of revolutions

(R, upper scale). Calculated numbers of revolutions (R1) are listed to the left of each scale.

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THEORYOFOPERATIONDISCRIPTION OF CONTROLS

3A FUSE Provides overload and short circuit protection for the test set.

3/4A FUSE Located internally, this fuse provides additional overload and short

circuit protection to the 480 volt input circuit of the phantom load.

TEST CURRENT SWITCH Selects the desired range of full load or light load test current that

will be applied to the meter under test and to the current coils of

the reference standard. Selections are arranged so that full loadsand corresponding light load values (10% of full load) are side by

side to minimize switching.

OUTPUT ON/OFF SWITCH Allows the output current to be switched off without disturbing anysettings.

CURRENT CONTROL Adjusts the output current of the Phantom Load from Zero to the

maximum value as selected by the TEST CURRENT SWITCH.

BURDEN SWITCH Used to compensate for variations of load impedance in the testing

circuit. Normally used in the low position, this switch would be

changed to high whenever the desired test current could not beobtained with the CURRENT CONTROL in the full clockwise

position.

POWER FACTOR SWITCH Determines whether the full load tests current is at either unity

(1.0) or 50% (0.5) power factor.

AMMETER Measures the value of output current. Appropriate full scale range

is simultaneously selected by the TEST CURRENT SWITCH.

The meter scale of the phantom load reads from "0 to 1.0'' so that

the actual measured current is equal to the reading of the meter

times the setting of the 'TEST CURRENT SWITCH. For example:

If the TEST CURRENT. SWITCH is in the 50 amp position andthe meter reads 0.6, the actual output current is 30 amperes (50 X

0.6 = 30).

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CURRENT TERMINALS Five output CURRENT TERMINALS (, 50, 15, 5 and 2.5 amp)eliminate lead changing when used in conjunction with a reference

standard having multiple current coil terminals (such as the

General Electric type IB-10, Sangamo type J-44 or States typeSSS-50 solid-state standard).

POTENTIAL TERMINALS The test set can operate from any of the five rated input and the

common () POTENTIAL TERMINALS. Connect the input tothe common () terminal and the line voltage being used to the

properly rated terminal.

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INSTALLATIONINSTRUCTIONSREFERENCE STANDARD AND PHANTOM LOAD

Set a reference standard near the phantom load. Connect the current and potential leads to the referencestandard as illustrated in the CONNECTION DIAGRAMS and as outlined below:

CURRENT CIRCUIT

1. Connect the long, red, heavy lead to the terminal on the phantom load and the long, black,heavy kid to the or 0 terminal of the standard.

2. Connect the short, heavy lead from the 50 ampere terminal of the phantom load to theappropriate current coil of the reference standard.

3. Connect the short, light leads from the remaining CURRENT TERMINALS of the phantom loadto the matching current terminals of the reference standard.

POTENTIAL CIRCUIT

Connect the combination input power / potential click switch leads to the potential terminals of the

reference standard and the POTENTIAL TERMINALS located along the left edge of the phantom load.Be sure to observe polarity and to use the properly rated terminal of the phantom load for the line

voltage being utilized.

If the reference standard being used is the solid state type, connect the auxiliary power leads as shownon the connection diagram.

During testing it will be necessary to set the voltage selector switch of the reference standard to theappropriate test potential being used.

LINE CIRCUIT

Connect the potential (input) leads from the phantom load to the line as illustrated on the connectiondiagram. Be certain the potential select switch of the reference standard matches the line voltage.

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OPERATINGINSTRUCTIONS1. INITIAL SETUP

CONTROL POSITION

TEST CURRENT SWITCH OFF

OUTPUT SWITCH ONCURRENT CONTROL 0 (FULL CCW)

POWER FACTOR SWITCH 1.0

BURDEN SWITCH LOW

2. Connect the meter to be tested and the reference standard as shown on the appropriateconnection diagram and as described under INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS in this manual.

Note: Be sure to use the proper primary terminal of the phantom load for the line voltage beingused.

3. Set the voltage selector switch of the reference standard to the appropriate value for the testpotential being used.

FULL LOAD TEST

4. Set the TEST CURRENT SWITCH to the appropriate range to obtain the desired full load testcurrent.Note: Always use the lowest range capable of providing the desired test current.

5. Rotate the CURRENT CONTROL clockwise until the desired test current is reached.NOTES:

a. The meter scale of the phantom load reads from "0 to 1.0" so that the actualmeasured current is equal to the reading of the meter times the setting of theTEST CURRENT SWITCH. For example: If the TEST CURRENT SWITCH is

in the 5 ampere position and the meter reads 0.6, the actual output current is 3

amperes (5 X 0.6 = 3).

b. If the desired test current is not reached at full clockwise rotation of theCURRENT CONTROL, return the CURRENT CONTROL to "0" (full

counterclockwise position), move the BURDEN SWITCH to the high position

and repeat Step 5.

6. Reset the reference standard to zero.

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7. Initiate the FULL LOAD TEST by turning the potential click switch on when the black mark onthe edge of the meter disk passes a stationary reference point. This starts the reference standard

by energizing its potential coil.

If the meter under test or the reference standard runs backwards, reverse either thepotential or current connections to the backwards unit. Note that a solid state standard

will not count if the polarity to one of its coils is reversed.

8. Count the number of disk rotations by watching the black mark pass the reference point.9. Stop the test when, the desired number of revolutions have been made by turning the potential

click switch off. This stops the reference standard by de-energizing its potential coil.

10.Using the WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS in this manual calculate % accuracy of themeter.

POWER FACTOR TEST

11.Same as steps 1 - 10, except, set the POWER FACTOR SWITCH to "0.5".

LIGHT LOAD TEST

12.Same as steps 1 - 10, except:Step 4: Set the TEST CURRENT SWITCH to the required appropriate range to obtain

the desired light load current.

WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS

The following formula should be used to calculate the reference standard revolutions (R).

( )

( )

=

elementsmeter5

coilcurrentstd.120

coilpot.std.0.6

Khmeterunder testmeterofsRevolutionR

To find the accuracy of any meter, the following formula is used:

100

standardofsrevolutionactual

standardofsrevolutioncalculatedmetertheofaccuracy%

=

DEMAND METER TEST

When testing mechanical demand registers the following formula is used. The reference standard KW isused to compare against the register's KW in order to determine register accuracy.

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=

1000

srevolutionstandardelementsmeter5

coilcurrentstd.

120

coilpot.std.0.6TI

KW

The following formula will give the demand register's KW when counting the disk revolution of the

meter under test. This method uses the watt-hour meter revolutions to control the test duration and the

demand register KW will be as calculated,

= 1000

srevolutionmeterTIKhmeterKW

=

intervalimeregister t

minutes60)Increments(TimeTI

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Warranty

Megger warrants to the original purchaser that the product is free from defects in material andworkmanship for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment. This warranty is limited and shall not

apply to equipment which has damage, or cause of defect, due to accident, negligence, improper

operation, faulty installation by purchaser, or improper service or repair by any person, company orcorporation not authorized by the Megger.

Megger will, at its option, either repairs or replaces those parts and/or materials that it deems to bedefective. Any costs incurred by the purchaser for the repair or replacement of such parts and / or

materials shall be the sole responsibility of the original purchaser.

THE ABOVE WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EITHER

EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED ON THE PART OF THE MEGGER, AND IN NO EVENT SHALL

MEGGER BE LIABLE FOR THE CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES DUE TO THE BREACH

THEREOF.

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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INDEX

Ammeter 7

Burden Switch ... 7, 10

CHARTS 1

Controls 7

Ammeter 7

Burden Switch .. 7

Cuurent Control .. 7

Current Terminals .. 8Fuse .. 7

ON/OFF Switch ... 7

Potential Terminals . 8

Power Factor Switch 7

Test Current Switch 7

Current Control 7, 10

Current Terminals 8, 9

DEMAND METER TEST 11

DESCRIPTION OF CONTROLS 7

FULL LOAD TEST .. 10

Fuse .. 7

Introduction to Testing Watt-hour Meters .. I, II

LIGHT LOAD TEST .. 11

ON/OFF Switch 7,10

Operating .. 10

Burden Switch .. 10

Current Control ... 10

ON/OFF Switch 10

Power Factor Switch . 10,11

Test Current Switch .. 10,11

Potential Terminals ... 8,9

Power Factor Switch . 7,10,11

POWER FACTOR TEST . 11Reference Standard 7,11

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 15

Service and Repair Order Instructions 13

Servicing .. 13

TABLES .. 1

Test Current Switch 7,10,11

Warranty Statement ... 14

WATTHOUR METER TEST FORMULAS 11

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phantom load manual

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