pharma drugs (p1)

8/12/2019 Pharma drugs (p1)

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MAST cell degranulations: Cromolyn, Nedocromil(preventative)

Leukotriens: leukast (blocks LTP4) Zileutin (Lipoxygenase)

No problems

MAB is monoclonal antibodies (IgE antibody) omalozunab

Allergy reaction

Methylxanthines {Thiophylline}

Cardiotoxicity (arrthymia), neuro(seizures)

(cytochrome p450 metabolism) (increase cAMP) (any cardics/neuro)

B2 agonistAlbuterol (short), Sal and For (Long)

Muscarinic Agonist (Ipratropium) M3-(Gq) coupled protein {Anti-DUMBBELSS}

Corticosteroids (-sone) (solone {IV})

Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor (COX2 inhibitor/aracdonic acid)Inactives NF-kB (Inhibits TNF-alpha)

Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Candidiasis (Oral Thrush), Avascular

necrosis of Femur, Osteoporosis (long term use), Shuts down adrenal gland

(Addison dsxLow Na+, High K+, High H+)

Albuterol is a must in all asthma pts.

COPD is irreversible. Give albuterol for a quick effect

Chronic Bronchitis (Blue bloaters) (large lungs, smoking, cough for 3mo for

2yo straight

Emphysema (Pink puffers)Hyperinflation of lung alveoli,H1 blocker in lungs

- 2ndgenerations do not cross CNS BBB (no sedation) (-adine exceptcetirizine)

- Type 1 for Pilots, Cab drives due to sedations (anti-cholinergic sideeffects) [en/ine or en/ate]

Guaifenesin

- Thins mucousN-acetylcysteine

- Mucolytic (breaks down mucous)- Acetaminophen toxicity

Dextromethorphan- Codeine-like effects- Naloxone (Over dose)- NMDA receptors

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine (D for decongetion) Claritine D

- Must be prescribed in States- Common cold- Hypertension (alpha-1-agonist)


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GIT

H2 blockers (-dine)

- Histamine blockers (reversible)- Acid reflex- PUD, gastritis, GERD- Cimetidine (cannot give any other drugs due to interactions w/ P450

{inhibition} will increase the drug in the blood) cause gynecomastia,

impotence

PPI (-prazole)

- H+/K+ATPase inhibits- PUD, gastritis, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome- Bloody diarrhea due to C.Diff (Metronidazole/Vanco) infections- (OACOmeprazole, Amoxicillin(Metro), Calithromycin H.Pylori)

Bismuth, Sucralfate

- Increase Mucous (Bismuth)- Makes a jell on ulcer base ( Sucralfate)- Bismuth can be interchanged for omeprazole

Misoprostol

- PGE1 analog,- Decrease acid, increase production and secretion of gastric mucous

barrier

- Contraindicated in pregnancy (causes abortion)Octreotide

- Nausea, cramps, steatorrheaMgOH

- cause DiarrheaCaCO3

- HypercalcemiaAluminum causes Constipation

Osmotic Laxatives

- Draws the water out- Diarrhea (S/E)- Lactulose (tx: for hepatic encephalopathy due to increase ammonium)

Docusate

- Used as a stool softener- Mostly used in hospitals

Influximab- MAB (Monoclonal AB)- Reactivates TB (must do ppd test)- TNF-alpha inhibits (Eternacept)- IBD, or Crohn or U.C

Sulfasalazine

- Sulfa allergies


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Ondansetron (only chemo or post operative)

- 5HT antagonist, Antiemetic- Prevents vomiting- Use promethazine (non cancer pts)

Metoclopermide

- Dopamine-2 receptor antagonist- Parkinson-like side effects- Pro-motility- USED for Diabetic gastroporesis (Bloating, diarrhea, constipation)

Antidiarrheal

- Opioid like symptoms (Loperamide)- Never give to bloody diarrheal pt (C. DIFF)

Endocrine

Diabetes

- Type 1 insulino Lispro and aspart (Rapid acting)o NPH and Glargine (intermediate)

- Type 2o Metformin (not give renal failure)o Sulfonylurea (not given in type 1, Increases release of insulin from

Beta cells)

1stgenerations (Tol and chlor) cause Disulfaram like rxn Gives hangover

2ndgenerations (Glyburide, ) Hypoglycemia

o Glitazones Pioglitazone, rosigliatazone Bind to PPAR, nuclear transcription regulator increase

insulin sensitivity

Edema (weigth gain) no liver, heart, or obese ptso Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Brush border of intestine (inhibits it) Causes diarrhea, flatulence, looks like lactose intolerance

o GLP-1 analog Exentide Increase insulin by decreasing glucagon

o DPP4 inhibtors (-gliptin) Dipeptidalpeptidase 4 inhibitors Decreases glucagon

o Amylin analogs Decreases gastric emptying, decrease glucagon

Thyroids


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- Hypothyroidism (TSH increase, T3/T4 low)o Levothyroxine (T4)

Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors- Hyperthyroidism (T3/T4 high, TSH normal)

o Propylthiouracil (PTU) methimazole Inhibiting thyroid peroxidase which decrease thyroidhormone PTU blocks Deiodinase (peripheral conversion of T4T3)

PTU given in pregnancy Methimazole not given in pregnancy

AgranulocytosisCheck WBC count before giving PTUHypothalamic/Pitutary drugs

- GHo Hormone deficiency

- Somatostatino Any hormonal increase

- Oxytocino Stimulates labour, milk secretion,

- ADH (DDAVP)o Central DI (Polydipsia, Polyuria)

Missing ADH receptorsDemeclocyclin

- Too much ADH- SIADH- Urine will be very concentrated

pharma drugs (p1)

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